Trailers and freight vehicles

Abstract

To enable loading-unloading of a container to and from a trailer from the front without interfering with a travel roller by a container desorption vehicle, and enable a front part of the container to firmly fasten a front part of the container.SOLUTION: There is provided a trailer attracted by a cargo vehicle and capable of loading from the front a container having a travel roller in a bottom part rear side part having a main girder extending longitudinally in a bottom part, and having a chassis loading the container having a front wheel and a rear wheel and a movable stopper regulating a longitudinal movement of the container by engaging with the container positioned in a front part of the chassis and loaded on the chassis, and the movable stopper being displaceably constituted in an engagement position engaging with the container and a release position releasing engagement with the container.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 11

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a trailer that can be connected to a cargo vehicle such as a container detachable vehicle. and freight vehicles Regarding. [Background technology]

[0002] In some cases, a trailer is coupled to a tractor, and a container is loaded on each of the tractor and trailer to transport multiple containers. The trailer has a connecting member called a drawbar at the front for coupling to the tractor. The drawbar has a length sufficient for the containers loaded on the tractor and the trailer not to interfere with each other when the tractor and trailer are turning. When using a container loading vehicle to load a container onto a trailer, the container loading vehicle cannot approach the deck of the trailer from the front due to interference with the drawbar. Therefore, as described in Patent Document 1, it is common to have the container loading vehicle approach the rear of the trailer and transfer the container from the container loading vehicle to the trailer from the rear. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-5967 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] In Patent Document 1, when loading a container onto a trailer, the container loading / unloading vehicle and the trailer are positioned back to back. First, the container is translated toward the trailer using the sliding function of the arm of the container loading / unloading vehicle, causing the rear of the container to protrude toward the trailer. Next, in this state, the arm is rotated to lift the front of the container and send the container onto the trailer. The container travels on the left and right running surfaces (vertical frame 111) of the trailer using left and right running rollers attached to the rear end until it is lowered onto the trailer. During this process, the container moves rearward (to the front of the trailer), inserting the trailer's anti-jump piece (120) into the rear of the container. Furthermore, when the container is lowered onto the trailer, an upward protrusion (protrusion 125) attached to the trailer engages with the front of the container. This protrusion and the container are fixed with a pin (pin 126), and the anti-jump piece and the protrusion securely fasten the container to the trailer.

[0005] The left and right running surfaces of the trailer in Patent Document 1 are bent downward from the protrusions at their rear portions to form slopes (inclined surfaces 114). On this slope, rear end portions (117r) of left and right guides (guide rails 117) that guide the container's running rollers are provided so that the spacing between them increases toward the front. Therefore, when a container is loaded onto the trailer, as the container moves parallel to the trailer and the running surfaces approach the running rollers from below, the rear end portions of the guides smoothly guide the insides of the left and right running rollers, aligning the left and right running rollers of the container with the left and right running surfaces.

[0006] Here, the container loading / unloading vehicle may also serve as a tractor. When a container loading / unloading vehicle tows a trailer, the container loading / unloading vehicle faces backward toward the front of the trailer when coupling or uncoupling the loaded container loading / unloading vehicle to or from the trailer. In contrast, when loading or unloading a container onto or from the trailer using the container loading / unloading vehicle, the container loading / unloading vehicle must face backward toward the rear of the trailer. In this case, the container loading / unloading vehicle must be moved around the trailer from the front to the rear, or from the rear to the front. Moreover, during the process of moving around, the container loading / unloading vehicle must be turned around and reversed. This requires a large space around the trailer to move the container loading / unloading vehicle, which also poses a challenge in terms of work efficiency. From this perspective, there is room for consideration of a trailer that allows containers to be loaded and unloaded from the front by the container loading / unloading vehicle.

[0007] When loading and unloading a container from the front onto a trailer, the front-to-back orientation of the container relative to the trailer is reversed compared to conventional methods, but a mechanism for securely fastening the container to the trailer is still required. Because the anti-jumping piece faces the front of the trailer, the large inertial force acting on the container during braking tends to pull the anti-jumping piece out of the container. Therefore, a fastening mechanism that engages with the front of the container and restricts its forward movement during braking is essential.

[0008] However, unlike the rear of a trailer (e.g., a rear overhang), which has more space, the front of a trailer is crowded with the front axle swivel mechanism and the aforementioned drawbar. Therefore, when considering a trailer for loading and unloading containers from the front, it is difficult to adapt the configuration of the trailer in Patent Document 1, in which the rear of the running surface is bent downward, and bend the front of the running surface downward by a sufficient distance. In this case, it is difficult to guide the running rollers with guides as in Patent Document 1 when translating the container toward the trailer. As a result, variations in the left-right position of the running rollers occur during translation of the container, which could cause the container to interfere with the lashing mechanism at the front of the trailer when transferring the container from the container loading / unloading vehicle to the trailer.

[0009] The object of the present invention is to provide a trailer that allows a container to be loaded and unloaded from the front by a container loading and unloading vehicle without interfering with the traveling rollers, and that can securely fasten the front of the container. and freight vehicles The purpose is to provide [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a trailer towed by a freight vehicle that can load a container from the front, the container having a main girder at the bottom that extends forward and backward and a running roller at the rear portion of the bottom, the trailer comprising a chassis that has front and rear wheels and that loads the container, and a movable stopper that is located on the loading / unloading side of the chassis from which the container can be loaded, the movable stopper being configured to be displaceable between an engagement position that engages with the container and a release position that releases the engagement with the container, and by displacing from the release position to the engagement position with respect to the container loaded on the chassis, the movable stopper engages with the loaded container and restricts the forward movement of the container. The engaging position is provided so as to engage with a portion of the container that is above a running surface on which the running rollers run, The movable stopper rotates around a rotation axis extending in the front-rear direction. , which rotates up and down between the release position and the engagement position Displaceable It has a configuration Provide a trailer. The present invention also provides a trailer towed by a freight vehicle that can load a container from the front, the container having a main girder at the bottom that extends forward and backward and a running roller at the rear portion of the bottom, the trailer comprising a chassis that has front and rear wheels and that loads the container, and a movable stopper that is located on the chassis on the loading and unloading side of the container that can be loaded, the movable stopper being configured to be displaceable between an engagement position that engages with the container and a release position that releases the engagement with the container, and by displacing the movable stopper from the release position to the engagement position with respect to the container loaded on the chassis, the movable stopper can be moved to and from the loading and unloading side of the container that can be loaded on the chassis. Provided is a trailer that is configured to engage with the container and restrict forward movement of the container, and includes a pin that connects the movable stopper to the container in the engagement position, and a bracket that supports the movable stopper, the bracket having a pin hole that is blocked by the movable stopper in the engagement position and is opened when the movable stopper is in the release position, the pin can be inserted into the pin hole for storage, and the pin inserted into the pin hole is configured to restrain the movable stopper in the release position. The present invention also provides a trailer that can be towed by a freight vehicle and that can carry from the front a container having main girders at its bottom that extend forward and backward and that have running rollers on the rear part of the bottom, the trailer comprising: a chassis that has front and rear wheels and that carries the container; and a movable stopper that is located on the loading / unloading side of the chassis for the container that can be loaded, the movable stopper being displaceable between an engagement position that engages with the container and a release position that releases the engagement with the container, and is configured to engage with the loaded container and restrict forward movement of the container by displacing from the release position to the engagement position with respect to the container loaded on the chassis, the chassis having a running surface on which the running rollers run, the running surface having a slope that descends forward at its front end, the slope being located rearward of the movable stopper. The present invention also provides a freight vehicle capable of loading a container having a main girder at the bottom that extends forward and backward and having running rollers at the rear portion of the bottom onto a trailer from the front, and capable of towing the trailer, wherein the trailer has a chassis that has front and rear wheels and on which the container is loaded, and a movable stopper that is located on the chassis on the loading and unloading side of the container that can be loaded, the movable stopper being configured to be displaceable between an engagement position that engages with the container and a release position that releases the engagement with the container, and being configured to be displaceable from the release position with respect to the container loaded on the chassis The present invention provides a cargo vehicle in which the stopper is configured to engage with the loaded container and restrict forward movement of the container by being displaced to the engagement position, the engagement position being set so as to engage with a portion of the container that is above the running surface on which the running rollers run, the movable stopper being configured to be rotatable up and down between the release position and the engagement position around a pivot axis that extends forward and backward, the cargo vehicle having a loading arm that rotates forward and backward, and the loading arm being used to load and unload the container onto and from the front of the trailer. [Effects of the Invention]

[0011] According to the present invention, a container can be loaded onto and unloaded from the front of a trailer by a container loading / unloading vehicle without interfering with the traveling rollers, and the front of the container can be securely fastened. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0012] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a state in which a trailer according to an embodiment of the present invention is brought close to a container detachable vehicle. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a plan view of a trailer according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is a left side view of a trailer according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 4] 1 is a rear view of a trailer according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 5] 1 is a perspective view of a deck of a trailer according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a plan view of a drawbar of a trailer according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a left side view of a trailer drawbar according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 8] FIG. 1 is a plan view of a container lock provided on a trailer according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 is a front view of a container lock provided on a trailer according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 10] Cross-sectional view taken along line AA in Figure 8 [Figure 11] 1 is a perspective view showing a state in which a container is being loaded and unloaded onto a movable stopper provided on a trailer according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. [Figure 12] FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a state in which the movable stopper provided on the trailer according to the embodiment of the present invention is disengaged from the container. [Figure 13] FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a state in which a movable stopper provided on a trailer according to an embodiment of the present invention is engaged with a container; [Figure 14] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a state in which a container is transferred from a container detachment vehicle to a trailer according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 15] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a state in which a container is transferred from a container detachment vehicle to a trailer according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 16] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a state in which a container is transferred from a container detachment vehicle to a trailer according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 17] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a state in which a container is transferred from a container detachment vehicle to a trailer according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 18]FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a state in which a container is transferred from a container detachment vehicle to a trailer according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0013] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0014] -Container detaching vehicle- Figure 1 is a diagram showing a state in which a trailer according to one embodiment of the present invention is brought close to a container loader / unloader vehicle. In the following description of the embodiment, the left and right in Figure 1 refer to the front and rear of the trailer, the container loader / unloader vehicle, and the container, respectively. Note that this embodiment will be described taking as an example a case in which a container loader / unloader vehicle is used as a cargo vehicle (tractor) towing a trailer.

[0015] The trailer 1 shown in Figure 1 is approaching the rear of the container loader / unloader vehicle V, and a container C is transferred from the container loader / unloader vehicle V to the container loader / unloader vehicle V by a container handling device Vh mounted on the container loader / unloader vehicle V. The trailer 1 is coupled to and towed by a freight vehicle. The container loader / unloader vehicle V is an example of a freight vehicle.

[0016] The container loading / unloading vehicle V comprises a vehicle frame Vf, a subframe Vs, a container handling device Vh, and guide rollers Vr. The vehicle frame Vf carries and supports the subframe Vs. The subframe Vs supports the container handling device Vh. The container handling device Vh loads and unloads containers C by sliding and rotating an L-shaped arm Va back and forth. A pair of guide rollers Vr, one on each side, are provided at the rear end of the subframe Vs and guide the main girder Cg of the container C being loaded onto or unloaded from the container loading / unloading vehicle V.

[0017] -container- The container C loaded onto the container loading / unloading vehicle V or the trailer 1 is a box-shaped container with an open top, and its rear is composed of a rear gate Cw. The rear gate Cw is a downward-opening type, and its lower part rotates via a hinge at the top to open and close the rear opening of the container C. A pair of left and right main girders Cg extending in the fore-and-aft direction are provided at the bottom of the container C and protrude downward. The left and right main girders Cg are rod-shaped members with vertically elongated rectangular cross sections, and extend parallel to each other in the fore-and-aft direction. The main girders Cg extend the entire length of the container C. These main girders Cg serve as reinforcement for the container C, and are supported by the guide rollers Vr of the container loading / unloading vehicle V and the support rollers 8 of the trailer 1. Therefore, the left and right spacing between the left and right main girders Cg is set to match the left and right spacing between the guide rollers Vr and the support rollers 8.

[0018] The upper front surface of the container C is provided with a bar-shaped engaging portion Cb that engages with and disengages from the hook of the arm Va. In addition, a pair of left and right support legs Cl are fixed to the front of the bottom of the container C, and a pair of left and right running rollers Cr are rotatably attached to the rear portion of the bottom of the container C (at or near the rear end). Both the support legs Cl and the running rollers Cr are positioned outside the main girder Cg in the left-right direction and protrude below the underside of the main girder Cg. When the running rollers Cr and support legs Cl are in contact with a horizontal surface, the container C is substantially horizontal.

[0019] -Trailer- Figure 2 is a plan view of the trailer in Figure 1, Figure 3 is a left side view, and Figure 4 is a rear view. Figure 5 is a perspective view of the trailer deck, Figure 6 is a plan view of the trailer drawbar, and Figure 7 is a left side view.

[0020] As shown in these figures, the trailer 1 is equipped with a chassis 4 having front wheels 2 and rear wheels 3 for loading a container C, and a drawbar 5 provided at the front of the chassis 4 and connected to a cargo vehicle. One container C can be loaded onto the trailer 1 from the front.

[0021] The chassis 4 includes a trailer frame 6, a running surface 7, support rollers 8, and roller pits 9. The trailer frame 6, running surface 7, support rollers 8, and roller pits 9 are provided in pairs on the left and right sides.

[0022] The left and right trailer frames 6 are, for example, rod-shaped members made of high-strength steel material with an I-shaped cross section and extending in the front-to-rear direction. The left and right trailer frames 6 are connected by multiple cross members 6a arranged at intervals in the front-to-rear direction.

[0023] A turning mechanism 10, which is called a turntable or dolly, that can rotate freely around a vertical axis of rotation, is provided on the underside of the front of the trailer frame 6. The front wheels 2 are connected to the bottom of this turning mechanism 10 via a suspension, and the front wheels 2 can swing left and right relative to the trailer frame 6.

[0024] The rear wheels 3 are connected via a suspension to the underside of the rear part of the trailer frame 6. The orientation of the rear wheels 3 relative to the trailer frame 6 remains unchanged.

[0025] The front wheels 2 are covered above by front fenders 11 fixed to the sides of the trailer frame 6, and the rear wheels 3 are covered above by rear fenders 12 fixed to the sides of the trailer frame 6. The trailer frame 6 is also provided with side guards 13 that cover the space between the front wheels 2 and rear wheels 3. Furthermore, a rear bumper 14 is provided at the rear end of the trailer frame 6.

[0026] A deck 15 extending in the front-to-rear direction is supported on the upper part of each of the left and right trailer frames 6. The thickness of the deck 15 varies depending on the position in the front-to-rear direction. Specifically, the lower surface of the deck 15 is flush, while the height of the upper surface varies depending on the position in the front-to-rear direction. The front part 16 of the deck 15 is thinner in the up-down direction than the main body part 17 located further behind it, and the upper surface of the front part 16 is lower in height than the upper surface of the main body part 17.

[0027] The upper surface of the main body 17 of the deck 15 is the aforementioned running surface 7. This running surface 7 forms a road surface on which the running rollers Cr of the container C run when loading and unloading the container C. The running surface 7 also has a slope 7a at its front end that descends forward. This slope 7a is connected to the upper surface of the front part 16 of the deck 15. The slope 7a is located rearward of the claws 23j of the container lock 23 and the movable stopper 22 (described later), and at least a portion of the slope 7a is located rearward of the leading edge 2a (FIG. 3) of the front wheel 2. In this embodiment, the entire slope 7a is located rearward of the leading edge 2a (FIG. 3) of the front wheel 2, and most (more than half) of the slope 7a is located rearward of the rotation center of the front wheel 2. The running surface 7 also has a slope 7b at its rear end that descends toward the roller pit 9. The slopes 7a and 7b are gentle slopes with an inclination angle (the angle formed with respect to the running surface 7 excluding the slopes 7a and 7b) of 45 degrees or less (for example, about 10 degrees). The running surface 7 excluding the slopes 7a and 7b is horizontal when the trailer 1 is placed on level ground. Rails 7c protrude upward from the inner lateral edges of the left and right running surfaces 7 to guide the running rollers Cr of the container C running on the running surfaces 7.

[0028] The left and right support rollers 8 are rollers that support the main girders Cg of the container C loaded on the trailer 1. These support rollers 8 are arranged between the left and right running surfaces 7 so that their rotation axes (rotation center lines) are located forward of the leading edges of the roller pits 9. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, all of the support rollers 8 are located forward of the leading edges of the roller pits 9, and all or some (some in this embodiment) of the support rollers 8 are located forward of the rear edges 3a of the rear wheels 3, as shown in FIG.

[0029] The roller pit 9 is a space (for example, a hole or depression) into which the traveling rollers Cr of the container C fall after traveling along the traveling surface 7, and is adjacent to the rear end of the traveling surface 7, i.e., the rear side of the rear end of the slope 7b. A roller stopper 21 that acts as a stopper for the traveling rollers Cr of the container C is provided on the rear side of the roller pit 9. The roller stopper 21 is provided on the front side of the cross member 19 that connects the rear ends of the left and right trailer frames 6.

[0030] The left and right running surfaces 7 are provided on their inner lateral edges with left and right seats 18, one at the front and one at the back, on which the main girders Cg of the container C sit. The left seat 18 and the left support roller 8 are positioned on the same straight line extending parallel to the running surfaces 7. Similarly, the right seat 18 and the right support roller 8 are positioned on the same straight line extending parallel to the running surfaces 7.

[0031] Additionally, a pair of left and right anti-jump pieces 20 are attached to the cross member 19. These anti-jump pieces 20 have tips that extend forward and are inserted into claw holes (not shown) of a container C that is loaded onto the chassis 4 from the front, restricting the up, down, left and right movement of the loaded container C and preventing the rear of the container C from jumping up. In this embodiment, a configuration has been exemplified in which fixed anti-jump pieces 20 are arranged at the rear end position of the trailer frame 6, but there is also the case in which the anti-jump pieces 20 are made movable and are arranged at a middle position in the fore-and-aft direction of the trailer 1.

[0032] Additionally, movable stoppers 22 are provided on the outer sides of the front portions 16 of the decks 15 in the left-right direction. Additionally, a container lock 23 that is driven, for example, by air pressure is provided between the front portions 16 of the left and right decks 15. The detailed configurations of the movable stoppers 22 and the container locks 23 will be described later.

[0033] In addition, although not shown, the trailer 1 may be provided with a movable front stopper that holds down the front of the loaded container C.

[0034] -Drawbar- FIG. 6 is a plan view of the drawbar 5 provided on the trailer 1, and FIG.

[0035] The drawbar 5 is a coupling member that is coupled to a coupling portion at the rear of a freight vehicle to couple the trailer 1 to the freight vehicle serving as a tractor. The drawbar 5 has a variable structure that can be transformed into a basic configuration for coupling to the freight vehicle and a retracted configuration that protrudes less forward from the front end of the chassis 4 (the front end of the deck 15 in this embodiment) than the basic configuration. Specifically, the drawbar 5 has a base 31 attached to the chassis 4 (specifically, the turning mechanism 10) and a main body 32 that is turnably connected to at least one of the left and right sides of the base 31. As shown in FIG. 6, the basic configuration of the drawbar 5 is one in which the main body 32 extends forward, and the retracted configuration of the drawbar 5 is one in which the main body 32 extends to the left or right as indicated by the two-dot chain line in FIG. 2.

[0036] The base 31 of the drawbar 5 is connected to the turning mechanism 10 via a pin 38 extending left and right so as to be able to swing up and down, and can swing left and right together with the front wheels 2 by the turning mechanism 10. The up and down swing of the base 31 relative to the turning mechanism 10 can be locked by a stopper pin (not shown).

[0037] The main body 32 of the drawbar 5 is a strong member that is long in the front-to-rear direction, and its base end is connected to the base 31 via a pin 33 that extends up and down so that it can swing left and right. This main body 32 can rotate approximately 180 degrees from a state in which the tip faces left to a state in which the tip faces right. In addition, a ring 34 is provided at the tip of the main body 32, and the trailer 1 and the freight vehicle are connected by connecting this ring 34 to a coupling device of the freight vehicle. Although not specifically shown, the trailer 1 is equipped with a chain, and when it is towed by a freight vehicle, it is connected to the freight vehicle by the chain in addition to the drawbar 5.

[0038] Furthermore, the base 31 and the main body 32 of the drawbar 5 are fixed to each other by a lock pin 35 (locking the swinging of the main body 32). Three pin holes 36 into which the lock pins 35 are inserted are provided in the base 31, centered around the pin 33 (in front of, to the right of, and to the left of the pin 33), and one (not shown) is provided in the main body 32. FIG. 6 shows a state in which the lock pin 35 is passed through the pin hole 36 in front of the pin 33 in the base 31 and the pin hole 36 in the main body 32, and the main body 32 is fixed to the base 31 in the basic configuration. From this state, the lock pin 35 is removed, the main body 32 is rotated to the left or right, and the lock pin 35 is passed through the pin hole 36 on the left or right of the pin 33 in the base 31 and the pin hole 36 in the main body 32, thereby fixing the main body 32 to the base 31 in the retracted configuration.

[0039] In the retracted configuration, the amount of forward projection of the drawbar 5 from the front end of the chassis 4 (the front end of the deck 15 in this embodiment) is significantly reduced (to at least half or less) compared to the basic configuration. In this embodiment, in the retracted configuration, the entire main body 32 of the drawbar 5 is located rearward of the front end of the base 31 of the drawbar 5, and the amount of forward projection of the drawbar 5 from the front end of the chassis 4 in the retracted configuration is, for example, about one-fourth of that in the basic configuration.

[0040] Although not shown in Figures 6 and 7, the drawbar 5 is equipped with a stand 37 (Figure 3) with casters. Normally, the stand 37 is positioned with its casters facing backward and away from the ground, but when coupling or uncoupling the trailer 1 and the tractor, the stand 37 is raised and the handle 37a is turned to extend the stand 37, allowing the drawbar 5, which is a heavy object, to be lifted.

[0041] -Container Lock- Fig. 8 is a plan view of the container lock 23 described above, Fig. 9 is a front view of the container lock 23 as seen from below in Fig. 8, and Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in Fig. 8. The left-right direction in Figs. 8 to 10 corresponds to the left-right direction of the trailer 1, the container detachable vehicle V, and the container C, and corresponds to the direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper in Fig. 1. In Figs. 8 to 10, the container lock 23 is shown with its exterior cover seen through.

[0042] The container lock 23 is located between the front parts 16 of the left and right decks 15 of the chassis 4, and regulates the vertical movement of the container C. The container lock 23 includes a base 23a, a cylinder 23b, a bell crank 23c, a first shaft 23d, a bell crank 23e, an arm 23f, a bell crank 23g, a second shaft 23h, a link 23i, and a claw 23j.

[0043] The base 23a is supported by a cross member 6a located at the front of the trailer 1. The cylinder 23b is a pneumatic cylinder that extends left and right, and one end of the cylinder 23b is connected to the base 23a via a bracket 23k so as to be rotatable up and down. A hydraulic cylinder may also be used for the cylinder 23b. The other end of the cylinder 23b is connected via a bell crank 23c to a first shaft 23d that is rotatably supported on the base 23a. The extension and contraction of the cylinder 23b causes the first shaft 23d to rotate.

[0044] Furthermore, arm 23f, also called a "snake neck," which is partially U-shaped, is connected to first shaft 23d via bell crank 23e. The tip of bell crank 23e is rotatably connected to one end of arm 23f via pin 23l. Arm 23f extends left and right (in a direction perpendicular to first shaft 23d) and straddles first shaft 23d at its U-shaped portion. The other end of arm 23f is connected via bell crank 23g to second shaft 23h, which is rotatably supported on base 23a. Arm 23f and bell crank 23g are rotatably connected via pin 23m. Left and right claws 23j, which are rotatably connected to base 23a left and right, are connected to second shaft 23h via left and right links 23i, respectively.

[0045] With this configuration, when the cylinder 23b extends and the first shaft 23d rotates in one direction (the direction of arrow R1 in FIG. 10), the rotation of the first shaft 23d is transmitted to the second shaft 23h via the bell crank 23e and the arm 23f, causing the second shaft 23h to rotate in one direction (the direction opposite to the arrow R2 in FIG. 10). Furthermore, the rotation of the second shaft 23h is transmitted to the left and right claws 23j via the left and right links 23i, causing the left and right claws 23j to rotate outward in the left-right direction (the vehicle width direction), and the left and right claws 23j protrude outward from the exterior cover (FIG. 5) (resulting in the state shown in FIGS. 5 and 8-10). The protruding claws 23j on the left and right engage with claw holes (not shown) provided on the opposing side surfaces of the left and right main girders Cg of the container C loaded on the trailer 1, restricting the up-down, front-back, and left-right movement of the container C.

[0046] Conversely, when the cylinder 23b contracts and the first shaft 23d rotates in the other direction (the direction opposite to the arrow R1 in FIG. 10), the rotation of the first shaft 23d is transmitted to the second shaft 23h via the bell crank 23e and the arm 23f, causing the second shaft 23h to rotate in the other direction (arrow R2 in FIG. 10). Furthermore, the rotation of the second shaft 23h is transmitted to the left and right claws 23j via the left and right links 23i, causing the left and right claws 23j to rotate inward in the left and right directions (vehicle width direction) from the states shown in FIGS. 8 to 10, and the left and right claws 23j are retracted into the exterior cover (FIG. 5). When the left and right claws 23j are retracted with a container C loaded on the trailer 1, the left and right claws 23j disengage from the claw holes (not shown) of the left and right main girders Cg of the container C, and the container C is released from restraint by the container lock 23.

[0047] In this state, when the claws 23j protrude to the left and right, as shown in FIG. 10, a plane S passing through the center lines of the pins 23l and 23m at both ends of the arm 23f is located below the center of the first shaft 23d. Therefore, the force transmitted from the second shaft 23h rotating in the direction of arrow R2 to the first shaft 23d is converted into a force that rotates the first shaft 23d in the direction of arrow R1. As described above, in order for the second shaft 23h to rotate in the direction of arrow R2, the first shaft 23d must structurally rotate in the opposite direction to the direction of arrow R1. Therefore, the rotational force of the first shaft 23d in the direction of arrow R1 resists the force that rotates the second shaft 23h in the direction of arrow R2. As a result, even if an upward external force F ( FIG. 10 ) acts on the claws 23j from the container C, for example, the rotation of the second shaft 23h in the direction of arrow R2 is restricted, preventing the claws 23j from tipping inward and detaching from the container C.

[0048] - Movable stopper - Fig. 11 is a perspective view of the movable stopper 22 in the process of loading and unloading a container C. Fig. 12 is a perspective view of the movable stopper 22 in a state where it has released its engagement with a container loaded on the trailer 1, and Fig. 13 is a perspective view of the movable stopper 22 in a state where it has engaged with a container loaded on the trailer 1.

[0049] The movable stoppers 22 engage (fit in this example) with a container C loaded on the chassis 4 to restrict the forward and backward movement of the container C, and one is provided on each of the left and right sides of the chassis 4. The movable stoppers 22 are configured to be displaceable between an engagement position (FIG. 13) in which they engage with the container C and a release position (FIG. 12) in which they release the engagement with the container C. In this embodiment, the movable stoppers 22 are foldable, and are supported via brackets 22a on the left and right side surfaces of the front part 16 of the deck 15 so as to be rotatable up and down. The movable stoppers 22 are configured to be displaceable from the upright engagement position to the release position by folding outward in the vehicle width direction.

[0050] This movable stopper 22 is located at the front of the chassis 4 and in front of the slope 7a. When a container C is loaded onto the trailer 1, the support leg Cl of the container C faces the movable stopper 22 (FIG. 12). The support leg Cl has a recess on its side. When the movable stopper 22 is raised and displaced to the engaged position with the container C loaded onto the trailer 1, the movable stopper 22 fits into the recess in the support leg Cl, restraining the front of the container C (FIG. 13). When the movable stopper 22 is displaced to the released position, it moves away from the front portion 16 of the deck 15 and its highest point drops to approximately the same as the upper surface of the front portion 16, thereby expanding the opening through which the traveling rollers Cr can pass compared to when it is in the engaged position. By retracting the movable stopper 22 from the path of the traveling rollers Cr in this way, the movable stopper 22 does not interfere with the container C (e.g., the traveling rollers Cr) traveling back and forth on the deck 15 when being unloaded onto the trailer 1.

[0051] However, this foldable configuration is one example of the movable structure of the movable stopper 22, and the design of the movable structure of the movable stopper 22 can be modified as appropriate. For example, the movable stopper 22 can be configured to slide upward from a release position where the entire stopper is positioned below the upper surface of the front part 16 of the deck 15, and to be displaced to an engagement position where the stopper protrudes from the upper surface of the deck 15. It is also possible to make the movable stopper 22 detachable, so that the movable stopper 22 is attached to the chassis 4 when engaging with a container C loaded on the trailer 1, and the movable stopper 22 is removed from the chassis 4 when the container C is loaded onto or unloaded from the trailer 1.

[0052] In this embodiment, the movable stopper 22 is provided with a pin 22b that connects the movable stopper 22 to the container C at the engagement position. The tip end portion of the movable stopper 22 is provided with a through-hole 22c (FIG. 12) that penetrates from front to back. When the movable stopper 22 is displaced to the engagement position and fitted into a recess in the support leg Cl of the container C, this through-hole 22c is aligned front to back (on the same straight line) with the through-hole Cla (FIG. 12) provided in the support leg Cl. By passing the pin 22b through and fixing the through-holes Cla, 22c that are aligned in this manner, the movable stopper 22 is connected to the container C at the engagement position.

[0053] Furthermore, a pin hole 22d (FIG. 13) is provided in the upper part of the bracket 22a of the movable stopper 22, and pin 22b can be inserted into pin hole 22d when not in use and stored. Pin hole 22d is closed when movable stopper 22 is in the engaged position (FIG. 13), and is located in a position that is open when movable stopper 22 is in the released position, so that pin 22b cannot be inserted when movable stopper 22 is in the engaged position, but can be inserted when movable stopper 22 is in the released position. Furthermore, pin 22b inserted into pin hole 22d restrains movable stopper 22 in the released position, preventing movable stopper 22 from being accidentally displaced to the engaged position.

[0054] -Procedure for loading containers onto trailers- 14 to 18 are diagrams showing the process of transferring a container C from a container detachment vehicle V to a trailer 1. As an example, the procedure for loading a container C by a container detachment vehicle V onto an empty trailer 1 that has been towed by a tractor to a loading work site will be described with reference to Fig. 1 and Figs. 14 to 18.

[0055] When loading a container C onto the trailer 1, the drawbar 5 of the trailer 1 must be moved to the retracted position. In this case, first, the stand 37 is erected while the drawbar 5 of the trailer 1 remains connected to the tractor, and the handle 37a is turned to raise the drawbar 5 to a position where the ring 34 can be detached from the tractor's coupling. Once the tractor and trailer 1 are released from each other in this way, the tractor is moved. After the tractor has been moved, the base 31 of the drawbar 5 is locked against vertical swing with a stopper pin (not shown), and the stand 37 is retracted in preparation for the drawbar 5 moving to the retracted position (off the ground as shown by the solid line in Figure 3). However, if the surface on which the casters of the stand 37 contact the ground is smooth, the stand 37 may remain in contact with the ground.

[0056] Thereafter, the lock pin 35 is removed, the main body 32 of the draw bar 5 is rotated to either the left or right to move from the basic form to the retracted form, and the removed lock pin 35 is reinserted to fix the main body 32 in the retracted form.

[0057] Next, as shown in Figure 1, the container detachable vehicle V loaded with the container C is brought close to the front of the trailer 1, and the container detachable vehicle V and the trailer 1 are lined up in tandem facing in the same direction. The rear of the container detachable vehicle V and the front of the trailer 1 are facing each other.

[0058] Once the container loading / unloading vehicle V and trailer 1 are lined up in tandem as shown in Figure 1, the arm Va of the container handling device Vh is slid backward to push the container C backward as shown in Figure 14. The container C slides backward on the container loading / unloading vehicle V, with the main girder Cg guided by the guide rollers Vr.

[0059] After sliding the container C backward, the arm Va of the container handling device Vh is rotated backward as shown in Figure 15, causing the container C to come into contact with the trailer 1. The container C moves backward with its front part lifted, using the guide roller Vr as a fulcrum, and first the traveling roller Cr comes into contact with the running surface 7 of the trailer 1. At this time, the traveling roller Cr of the container C lands on the slope 7a on the front side of the running surface 7 as the arm Va starts to rotate (Figure 15).

[0060] Thereafter, when the arm Va of the container handling device Vh further swings backward, the traveling rollers Cr of the container C travel on the traveling surface 7 of the trailer 1 and move backward as shown in FIG.

[0061] When the traveling rollers Cr of the container C travel to the rear end of the traveling surface 7, they drop into the roller pit 9 (Fig. 5) as shown in Fig. 17, and at the same time, the main girder Cg of the container C is supported by the support rollers 8 of the trailer 1. The support point at the rear of the container C changes from the traveling rollers Cr to the support rollers 8, and even when the traveling rollers Cr pass the traveling surface 7, the support point at the rear of the container C remains within the range of the traveling surface 7.

[0062] The container C then finally reaches a state where the main girder Cg is seated on the seat 18 (Fig. 18). When this state is reached, the anti-jump pieces 20 of the trailer 1 are inserted into the claw holes (not shown) of the container C, preventing the rear of the container C from floating up. Once the container C has been transferred to the trailer 1 in this way, the connection between the arm Va and the container C is released, and the container loading / unloading vehicle V is moved forward. Furthermore, the front of the container C is fixed by the movable stopper 22 and the claws 23j of the container lock 23, so that the container C is restrained relative to the trailer 1.

[0063] When connecting a trailer to a container loading / unloading vehicle V or other cargo vehicle, the drawbar 5 is returned to its basic configuration by reversing the above procedure, and the drawbar 5 and chain are connected to the cargo vehicle.

[0064] The procedure for unloading container C from trailer 1 is roughly the reverse of the above.

[0065] -effect- (1) According to this embodiment, the movable stopper 22 is configured to be displaceable between an engagement position where it engages with the container C and a release position where it releases the engagement with the container C. Therefore, by setting the movable stopper 22 to the release position, it can be moved away from the trajectory of the container C during loading and unloading. As a result, even if there is variation in the left and right positions of the container C relative to the trailer 1 when loading the container C from the front using the container unloading vehicle V, interference between the container C (e.g., the traveling rollers Cr) and the movable stopper 22 can be suppressed. Thereafter, once the container C is unloaded onto the trailer 1, the movable stopper 22 can be displaced to the engagement position to be coupled to the container C. In this way, the container C can be loaded and unloaded from the front onto the trailer 1 using the container unloading vehicle V without interference between the traveling rollers Cr of the container C and the movable stopper 22, and the front of the container C can be securely fastened by the movable stopper 22.

[0066] If a non-movable stopper is used instead of the movable stopper 22 as the securing device connected to the support leg Cl of the container C, a guide that comes into contact with the container C when the container C is moved in translation (FIG. 14) and positions the container C left and right must be provided at the front of the trailer 1 (forward of the stopper) together with a slope in order to avoid interference between the container C being loaded onto the trailer 1 and the stopper. In this case, not only is it difficult to provide a slope due to the presence of the drawbar 5 and the turning mechanism 10, but the weight of the container C will first be concentrated at the front of the trailer 1 where heavy objects such as the drawbar 5 and the turning mechanism 10 are concentrated, which is also undesirable from the perspective of weight balance.

[0067] In contrast, in the case of this embodiment, the movable stopper 22 is employed as a stopper that restrains the support leg Cl of the container C, so that there is no need to provide a slope or guide in front of the movable stopper 22, and it is possible to avoid receiving the concentrated load of the container C in front of the movable stopper 22. This also allows the container C to be loaded smoothly.

[0068] (2) A pin hole 22d is provided in the bracket 22a of the movable stopper 22, and the pin 22b that connects the movable stopper 22 to the container C can be inserted into the pin hole 22d for storage. The pin 22b used to secure the movable stopper 22 can be stored on the bracket 22a of the movable stopper 22 (i.e., very close to the point of use), which is highly convenient, eliminates the need to take the trouble of securing a separate storage location for the pin 22b, and also contributes to preventing the pin 22b from being lost. Furthermore, the pin hole 22d is blocked by the movable stopper 22 in the engaged position and is opened when the movable stopper 22 is in the released position, so that the pin 22b must be removed from the bracket 22a when the movable stopper 22 is to be raised. This encourages the worker to naturally pick up the pin 22b when raising the movable stopper 22 and perform the task of connecting the movable stopper 22 to the container C, thereby preventing the worker from simply raising the movable stopper 22 and forgetting to connect the movable stopper 22 to the container C using the pin 22b. Furthermore, when the pin 22b is stored by being inserted into the pin hole 22d, the movable stopper 22 is restrained in the release position by the pin 22b inserted into the pin hole 22d, so that the movable stopper 22 can be prevented from being unexpectedly displaced to the engagement position, and also the movable stopper 22 can be prevented from jumping up more than necessary from the release position when the trailer 1 is traveling in an empty state without loading any containers C.

[0069] (3) In addition, a slope 7a descending forward is provided at the front end of the traveling surface 7 so as to be located behind the movable stopper 22. If the slope 7a at the front end of the traveling surface 7 were not provided, when transferring a container C from the container loading / unloading vehicle V to the trailer 1, there is a possibility that the traveling roller Cr may come into contact with the vicinity of the front end of the chassis 4 (for example, the front part 16 of the deck 15) when the arm Va of the container handling device Vh starts to swing.

[0070] For example, when sliding the container C backward by the arm Va to transfer the container C from the container loading / unloading vehicle V to the trailer 1 (FIG. 14), if there is no slope 7a and no difference in height between the top surfaces of the front part 16 and the main body part 17 of the deck 15, the top surface of the front part 16 may be higher than the lower edge of the running rollers Cr of the container C. In this case, the running rollers Cr will get caught on the front end of the front part 16 of the deck 15 and will not be able to ride up, making it difficult to transfer the container C to the trailer 1.

[0071] Even if the container C can be loaded onto the trailer 1, if there is no difference in the height of the top surface between the front 16 of the deck 15 and the main body 17, the support legs Cl of the container C loaded onto the trailer 1 will come into contact with the front 16 of the deck 15, and the main girders Cg of the container C will not seat on the seat 18 of the trailer 1.

[0072] In contrast, in this embodiment, a slope 7a descending forward is provided at the front end of the running surface 7, and at least a portion of this slope 7a is located rearward of the leading edges 2a of the front wheels 2. By providing the slope 7a in this manner and lowering the upper surface of the front portion 16 of the deck 15 relative to the upper surface of the main body 17 of the deck 15 (the running surface 7 excluding the slopes 7a and 7b), the running rollers Cr are prevented from contacting the upper surface of the front portion 16 of the deck 15 when the arm Va starts to swing, allowing the running rollers Cr to stably land on the slope 7a and be smoothly guided to the running surface 7 following the slope 7a. This allows the container C to be stably transferred from the container loading / unloading vehicle V to the trailer 1. Furthermore, contact between the support legs Cl of the container C and the upper surface of the front portion 16 of the deck 15 is prevented, allowing the main girders Cg of the container C to be securely supported by the seat 18 of the trailer 1.

[0073] Furthermore, since the trailer 1 is heavy at the front where the drawbar 5 and the turning mechanism 10 are provided, when loading a container C onto the trailer 1 from the front as in this embodiment, the position where the traveling rollers Cr of the container C land when loading of the container C begins is important. Therefore, in this embodiment, when transferring a container C while the container loading vehicle V is parked at a predetermined position relative to the trailer 1, the slope 7a, on which the traveling rollers Cr of the container C first touch down, is provided behind the movable stopper 22 and near the front wheel 2. This prevents the weight of the container C from being applied near the front end of the trailer 1, ensuring stable transfer of the container C from the container loading vehicle V to the trailer 1. In particular, in this embodiment, the front portion of the slope 7a is located behind the leading edge 2a of the front wheel 2, which prevents the weight of the container C from concentrating forward of the leading edge 2a of the front wheel 2.

[0074] From the viewpoint of weight balance related to the landing position of the traveling rollers Cr of the container C when loading of the container C begins, it is more preferable that the slope 7a be located between the front wheels 2 and the rear wheels 3, but if the entire slope 7a were configured to be located behind the front wheels 2, the front part of the main girder Cg of the container C loaded on the trailer 1 would be in a supported state where it is significantly raised, making it impossible to ensure the stability of the container C. Therefore, in this embodiment, the slope 7a at the front end of the traveling surface 7 is provided near the front wheels 2, thereby achieving both good weight balance and a stable support state when the container is loaded.

[0075] (4) According to this embodiment, the drawbar 5 can be transformed from a basic configuration for coupling to a freight vehicle to a retracted configuration (indicated by the two-dot chain line in FIG. 2 ) in which the amount of forward protrusion from the front end of the chassis 4 is smaller than in the basic configuration. Therefore, by putting the drawbar 5 into the retracted configuration, the rear of the container loader / loader vehicle V can be brought sufficiently close to the front of the trailer 1. This facilitates the work of loading and unloading containers C from the front of the trailer 1 using the container loader / loader vehicle V.

[0076] (5) As mentioned above, the chassis 4 is provided with a roller pit 9 adjacent to the rear of the running surface 7 on which the running rollers Cr of the container C run, and the support rollers 8 that support the main girders Cg of the container C are arranged so that their rotation axes are located forward of the roller pit 9. If there were no roller pit 9 and the running surface 7 continued to near the rear end of the trailer 1, the running rollers Cr running on the running surface 7 would exceed the rear wheels 3, and just before the loading of the container C was completed, the weight of the container C would be concentrated at a position beyond the rear wheels 3, which could cause the front wheels 2 of the trailer 1 to lift off.

[0077] In contrast, in this embodiment, as described above, before loading of the container C is completed, the traveling rollers Cr of the container C fall into the roller pit 9, and the state shifts to one in which the main girder Cg of the container C can be supported by the support rollers 8 arranged forward of the roller pit 9. This prevents the support point of the container C from moving close to the rear end of the trailer 1, and makes it possible to suppress lifting of the front wheels 2 of the trailer 1.

[0078] In particular, in this embodiment, the support roller 8 is positioned in a position where its front-to-rear position range overlaps with the rear wheel 3, thereby preventing the support point of the container C from moving rearward beyond the rear edge 3a of the rear wheel 3.

[0079] (6) The rear end of the traveling surface 7 has a slope 7b that descends toward the roller pit 9, so that the traveling rollers Cr of the container C descend the slope 7b when they fall into the roller pit 9, allowing the main girders Cg to smoothly land on the support rollers 8. This makes it possible to mitigate the impact when the support point of the container C switches from the traveling rollers Cr to the support rollers 8.

[0080] (7) The front of the container C is secured by the movable stoppers 22 that engage from the outside in the left-right direction, as well as by the container lock 23 that engages from the inside. The container lock 23 is operated by the cylinder 23b, so that the lock and unlock operations can be easily performed even at the container lock 23 located between the left and right main girders Cg of the container C, which is difficult for workers to reach. When unlocking, the left and right claws 23j are housed in the exterior covers 23x and retracted from the tracks of the traveling rollers Cr. Therefore, as with the movable stoppers 22, the claws 23j of the container lock 23 are also prevented from interfering with the traveling rollers Cr. [Explanation of symbols]

[0081] 1...trailer, 2...front wheel, 3...rear wheel, 4...chassis, 5...drawbar, 7...running surface, 7a...slope, 20...anti-jump piece, 22...movable stopper, 22a...bracket, 22b...pin, 22d...pin hole, 23...container lock, C...container, Cg...main girder, Cl...running roller, V...container detaching vehicle (cargo vehicle)

Claims

1. A trailer towed by a freight vehicle that can carry a container from the front and has a main girder at the bottom that extends forward and backward and a running roller at the rear portion of the bottom, a chassis having front and rear wheels and carrying the container; a movable stopper located on the loading / unloading side of the vehicle chassis for the loadable container; the movable stopper is configured to be displaceable between an engagement position where it engages with the container and a release position where it releases the engagement with the container, and is configured to engage with the loaded container and restrict forward movement of the container by displacing from the release position to the engagement position with respect to the container loaded on the vehicle chassis, The engagement position is provided so as to engage with a portion of the container that is above a running surface on which the running rollers run, The movable stopper is configured to be displaceable by rotating up and down around a rotation axis extending in the front-rear direction between the release position and the engagement position. A trailer characterized by:

2. The trailer of claim 1, When the movable stopper is displaced to the engagement position, a rearward-facing surface of the movable stopper engages with the container to restrict forward movement of the container. A trailer characterized by:

3. The trailer of claim 1, The trailer is characterized in that the release position is provided so that the travel rollers are out of contact with the travel surface on which they travel.

4. A trailer towed by a freight vehicle that can load a container from the front and has a main girder at the bottom that extends forward and backward and a running roller at the rear part of the bottom, a chassis having front and rear wheels and carrying the container; a movable stopper located on the loading / unloading side of the vehicle chassis for the loadable container; the movable stopper is configured to be displaceable between an engagement position where it engages with the container and a release position where it releases the engagement with the container, and is configured to engage with the loaded container and restrict forward movement of the container by displacing from the release position to the engagement position with respect to the container loaded on the vehicle chassis, a pin connecting the movable stopper to the container in the engaged position; a bracket supporting the movable stopper; a pin hole is provided in the bracket at a position that is closed by the movable stopper in the engagement position and that is opened when the movable stopper is in the release position; The pin can be stored by being inserted into the pin hole, and the movable stopper is configured to be restrained at the release position by the pin inserted into the pin hole. A trailer characterized by:

5. A trailer towed by a freight vehicle that can load a container from the front and has a main girder at the bottom that extends forward and backward and a running roller at the rear part of the bottom, a chassis having front and rear wheels and carrying the container; a movable stopper located on the loading / unloading side of the vehicle chassis for the loadable container; the movable stopper is configured to be displaceable between an engagement position where it engages with the container and a release position where it releases the engagement with the container, and is configured to engage with the loaded container and restrict forward movement of the container by displacing from the release position to the engagement position with respect to the container loaded on the vehicle chassis, the chassis has a running surface on which the running rollers run, The running surface has a slope that descends forward at a front end, The slope is located rearward of the movable stopper. A trailer characterized by:

6. The trailer of claim 1, a jump-up prevention piece having a tip extending forward and inserted into a claw hole of the container loaded onto the chassis from the front; a container lock located at the front of the chassis to restrict vertical movement of the container; A trailer characterized by comprising:

7. The trailer of claim 1, a jump-up prevention piece having a tip extending forward and inserted into a claw hole of the container to be loaded onto the chassis from the front, The movable stopper is provided so as to be located below the running surface on which the running roller runs when in the released position. A trailer characterized by:

8. The trailer of claim 1, a container lock located at the front of the chassis and restricting vertical movement of the container; The movable stopper is provided so as to be located below the running surface on which the running roller runs when in the released position. A trailer characterized by:

9. A freight vehicle capable of loading a container having a main girder extending forward and backward at the bottom and having running rollers at the rear portion of the bottom onto a trailer from the front, and capable of towing the trailer, The trailer is a chassis having front and rear wheels and carrying the container; a movable stopper located on the loading / unloading side of the vehicle chassis for the loadable container; the movable stopper is configured to be displaceable between an engagement position where it engages with the container and a release position where it releases the engagement with the container, and is configured to engage with the loaded container and restrict forward movement of the container by displacing from the release position to the engagement position with respect to the container loaded on the vehicle chassis, The engagement position is provided so as to engage with a portion of the container that is above a running surface on which the running rollers run, the movable stopper is configured to be rotatable up and down around a rotation axis extending in the front-rear direction between the release position and the engagement position, The cargo vehicle has a loading arm that rotates back and forth, and the container is loaded onto and unloaded from the front of the trailer by the loading arm. A freight vehicle characterized by:

Images