How to install solar panels on a slope or directly on the ground

Abstract

To solve a problem included in conventional solar panels, in which the cost of a mounting frame itself and the construction cost for mounting the mounting frame are required when solar panels are installed on the ground, and in particular, when the mounting frame is used, the solar panels are suspended from the ground at a predetermined distance, which needs consideration on the impact of strong winds caused by typhoons and the like, which needs the connection between the mounting frame and the ground to be robust enough to be durable even in the case that the solar panels are subjected to strong wind.SOLUTION: A direct-mounted solar panel includes: solar panels; water-conducting means provided on a back surface of each solar panel; and a hydrated hardening material-containing sheet provided on a back surface of the water-conducting means.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a direct-mounted solar panel that is placed and installed directly on the surface (hereinafter referred to as "ground") of a natural slope of a mountain or a slope (artificial slope) created by cutting away part of a mountain or hill or piling up earth and sand (hereinafter referred to as "direct placement"), and a solar panel installation method for installing solar panels directly on the surface of the slope. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventionally, when installing solar panels on the ground, the solar panels have been mounted on a mounting base, as in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2. The reason for mounting solar panels on a mounting base is that it is necessary to adjust the orientation and tilt angle of the solar panels appropriately to match the angle of incidence of sunlight, taking into account the rotation of the Earth and its revolution around the sun, and to avoid the influence of grass and trees that may grow on bare ground.

[0003] Even when installing solar panels using mounting frames, it was necessary to level the ground to make mounting construction easier. Furthermore, when the ground was scraped away to level the ground, the bare ground was exposed, and weed control and soil erosion prevention treatments were necessary to prevent vegetation from growing on the surface again and to prevent soil erosion.

[0004] Furthermore, in Japan, most of the plains have already been developed, and the slopes of mountains and other areas make it difficult to install solar panels. Furthermore, there is the problem that removing vegetation on slopes can cause soil to flow and cause the slopes to collapse. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2015-98725 [Patent Document 2] Patent No. 6604526 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] Conventional solar panels have the problem that installing them on the ground requires the cost of the mounting structure itself and the cost of its construction. In particular, when a mounting structure is used, the solar panel is elevated a certain distance above the ground, so it is necessary to consider the effects of strong winds such as those caused by typhoons. Therefore, even if the solar panel is exposed to strong winds, it is necessary to firmly install the mounting structure and the ground. Therefore, Patent Document 1 addresses this issue by constructing the foundation where the mounting structure is installed, while Patent Document 2 proposes an invention using fixing devices on the mounting structure support.

[0007] Furthermore, in order to install solar panels on a slope, there was the problem that the mounting system had to be installed while protecting the slope from collapse. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.

[0009] The direct placement solar panel of the first invention comprises a solar panel and a Space-retaining material The structure comprises a water-conducting means and a sheet containing a hydration-hardening material provided on the back surface of the water-conducting means. The direct-mounted solar panel of the second invention is the invention described in claim 1, Flexible solar panels . The third invention How to install the roller panel , A sheet containing a hydration hardening material is laid on a slope, a water conducting means is laid on the sheet before the sheet hardens, a solar panel is laid on the water conducting means before the sheet hardens, and a fastener is passed from the solar panel through the water conducting means and the sheet is laid on the slope. . The fourth invention To the slope How to install solar panels: In the invention according to claim 3, the water guide means is a water guide sheet. The fifth aspect of the present invention provides a method for installing solar panels on a slope, comprising: Claim 3 In the invention, the water guide means Space-retaining material is. The sixth aspect of the present invention provides a method for installing solar panels on a slope, comprising: Claim 3 - Claim 5 In the invention, The solar panel is a flexible solar panel. [Effects of the Invention]

[0010] The technical means described above provides the following effects.

[0011] Solar panels can be installed with just simple ground leveling. Furthermore, since no mounting frame is required, the construction of the mounting frame, including the foundation work, is simple, eliminating the cost of raw materials for the mounting frame itself and the foundation work, as well as the costs for the aforementioned work. Furthermore, the exposed ground can be protected at the same time as installing the solar panels, preventing the overgrowth of vegetation and, in the case of slopes, preventing the collapse of the slope, while also achieving the effect of efficient solar power generation using the protected slope. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0012] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is an assembly diagram of a direct placement solar panel according to a first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a method for installing a direct-mounted solar panel according to a first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a method for installing a direct-mounted solar panel according to a first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a state in which a direct placement solar panel according to a first embodiment of the present invention is installed. [Figure 5] FIG. 10 is an assembly diagram of a direct placement solar panel according to a second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is an assembly diagram of a direct placement solar panel according to a third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of the first stage of the laying method of the fourth embodiment according to the present invention. [Figure 8] FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of the second stage of the laying method according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of a third stage of the installation method according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0013] An embodiment of a slope construction method using a sheet according to the present invention will be described with reference to Figures 1 to 9. However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.

[0014] (First embodiment) A first embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. First, the direct-mounted solar panel of the present invention will be described using the explanatory diagram of Figure 1. In Figure 1, the direct-mounted solar panel 1 is formed from a water-guiding sheet 20 (having a pattern of intersecting diagonal lines (checkered pattern) in the figure) provided on the back surface of the solar panel 10 (the surface behind the light-receiving surface), and a hydration-hardening material-containing sheet 30 (having a pattern of dots (halftone dots) in the figure) provided on the back surface of the water-guiding sheet 20.

[0015] Solar panel 10 can be a conventional solar panel housed in a metal case, but a flexible solar panel is more preferable. A flexible solar panel is a flexible solar panel in which a photovoltaic element is covered with a flexible and elastic resin such as PET or EVA, and is a lightweight solar panel with a mass of 2 to 4 kg per unit area (1 square meter).

[0016] If the solar panel 10 is a flexible solar panel, its mass per unit area is lighter, making it easier to transport and simplifying the installation process, such as eliminating the need to carefully prevent fasteners from coming loose when installing on a slope. Furthermore, if a flexible solar panel is used, its flexibility means that it can be installed on curved surfaces, simplifying the process of flattening the ground.

[0017] On the other hand, conventional solar panels have photovoltaic elements (photoelectric elements and semiconductors) housed in a metal case and covered with glass or transparent resin, making them heavy at 12 to 20 kg per unit area (1 square meter). Their basic shape is a sturdy rectangular metal case, so they must be installed in a way that prevents protrusions from hitting the back of the metal case and prevents twisting of the metal case. If they are to be installed directly on the ground, it is necessary to consider leveling the ground, either by making it sufficiently flat or by making the back of the metal case horizontal or concave.

[0018] However, even in conventional solar panels, the water-conducting sheet 20 and the hydrated-hardening material-containing sheet 30 before hardening, which will be described in detail later, have a certain degree of flexibility, elasticity, and deformability, so if the thickness of each of the water-conducting sheet 20 and the hydrated-hardening material-containing sheet 30 is increased, unevenness and twists in the ground can be absorbed by the deformation of the water-conducting sheet 20 and the hydrated-hardening material-containing sheet 30.

[0019] Flexible solar panels are available in a variety of sizes for the solar panel 10, but in this embodiment, an example will be described in which the solar panel is 500 mm wide, 700 mm long, and 2 mm thick. The solar panel 10 is rectangular, with a total of six holes 11 provided at the four corners and in the centers of the two long sides, but holes 11 may be provided in any number and in any location depending on the size of the solar panel 10. In the case of conventional solar panels, a mounting fixture is fixed to a metal case, and holes are provided in the mounting fixture.

[0020] The water guide sheet 20 is a sheet-like material that has water absorption and water retention properties. The size of the water guide sheet 20 is a rectangle that is approximately the same as the area of ​​the solar panel 10, and is formed to a thickness of 5 to 10 millimeters. Note that in this application document, the term "sheet" refers to the English word "sheet," and refers to a flat material that is thicker than a film but is flexible.

[0021] Examples of the water guide sheet 20 include a sheet made of fibers or fibrous materials that are entangled in a thread-like manner and held together, in other words, a cotton-like mass, or a porous material such as a sponge that is not a fiber or fibrous mass.

[0022] Examples of fibers for the water guide sheet 20 include synthetic resin fibers such as polyester, nylon, acrylic, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, rayon, cupra, polynosic, acetate, triacetate, and promix, as well as fibers processed into a sponge-like material. Natural fibers and fibrous materials include coconut fiber, hemp (jute, kenaf), cotton, and animal fibers, while inorganic materials such as glass fiber and rock wool are also suitable.

[0023] The water guide sheet 20 has water absorption and water retention properties, but when the amount of water absorbed by the water guide sheet 20 exceeds the amount of water that can be retained per unit volume, it flows away due to gravity. Furthermore, the water retention property is also absorbed by other water-absorbent materials. Furthermore, when the water guide sheet 20 is placed on a slope, the retained water flows down the slope due to gravity. Therefore, this water guide sheet 20 serves as a water guide means.

[0024] The hydration-hardening material-containing sheet 30 is made by blending a hydration-hardening material that hardens upon absorbing water and a material that adjusts the properties of the hydration-hardening material in appropriate proportions, and sandwiching these materials in powder and / or granular form between two sheets to maintain the sheet shape. Therefore, the outer periphery of the hydration-hardening material-containing sheet 30 is sealed to prevent leakage of the hydration-hardening material by placing a sealing material between the two sheets, leaving a margin around the outer periphery of the two sheets, or by gluing or welding the two sheets together. Furthermore, before absorbing water and hardening, the hydration-hardening material-containing sheet 30 is flexible and easily deformed, allowing it to conform to slight unevenness when leveling the ground.

[0025] The hydration-hardening material-containing sheet 30 is made up of two sheets that contain the aforementioned powdery or granular material and have the shielding properties to prevent leakage to the outside. The sheet on the side that comes into contact with the ground (the side that comes into contact with the ground, hereinafter referred to as the ground-side sheet) is impermeable (water-blocking), while the sheet on the opposite side that comes into contact with the ground (the side that comes outward, hereinafter referred to as the surface-side sheet) is permeable (water-permeable).

[0026] The hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30 is 5 to 10 millimeters thick and extends beyond the rectangular shape of the solar panel 10 by a predetermined distance on both the top, bottom, left, and right sides. When multiple upright solar panels 1 are installed vertically and horizontally on a slope, an overlap is provided so that the lower one overlaps the upper one. For ease of explanation, the overlapping is described in the vertical direction, but the same applies to the left and right overlapping. Therefore, in this embodiment, the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30 has an overlapping margin (overlap margin) so that the upper hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30 overlaps the lower hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30 (see overlap margin 31 in Figures 3 and 4). For example, the overhang width on the overlapping side is 10 to 30 millimeters, and the overhang width below the overlapping side is 40 to 100 millimeters.

[0027] Specific examples of hydration-hardening materials contained in the hydration-hardening material-containing sheet 30 include lime-based materials, gypsum-based materials, cement-based materials, fine sand, kaolin, Kibushi clay, perlite, Shirasu sand, coral sand, etc. as main components. Also, resin-based powdered and granular materials (resins, etc.), hardening retarders such as water-absorbent polymers, hardening accelerators such as magnesium-sodium chloride-based materials, lightweight materials such as lightweight cement, lightweight slag, perlite, Shirasu sand, coral sand, foamed sand, etc., and inorganic and organic binders are blended and mixed appropriately according to the intended use described above.

[0028] The top sheet and the bottom sheet of the hydration hardening material-containing sheet 30 are 0.2 to 3 mm thick and have appropriate strength and durability, as well as shielding properties against the hydration hardening material and flexibility. In this embodiment, the thickness is 0.2 mm.

[0029] Specific materials for the surface side sheet of the hydration hardening material-containing sheet 30 include chemical fibers such as polyester synthetic fibers, polyamide synthetic fibers (e.g., nylon), regenerated cellulose fibers, glass fibers, and carbon fibers, and natural fibers such as cotton, hemp, pulp, wool, and silk, all of which are mixed together and processed into cloth or sheets. Processing methods include weaving, intertwining, bonding, and welding the fibers to produce water-permeable (permeable) nonwoven fabrics, woven fabrics, three-dimensional woven fabrics, porous sheets, and the like.

[0030] Specific materials for the ground-side sheet of the hydration-hardening material-containing sheet 30 include sheets of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyester (PEs), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), etc., or sheets of soft metal such as aluminum film that are water-impermeable (water-blocking). Note that nonwoven fabric, woven fabric, three-dimensional woven fabric, etc. made of the same material as the surface-side sheet may also be made water-impermeable (water-blocking) by being waterproofed.

[0031] Furthermore, for the hydration-hardening material-containing sheet 30, a member is provided between the surface-side sheet and the ground-side sheet to keep the space between them constant and to maintain a constant sheet shape for the hydration-hardening material-containing sheet 30 itself. Note that the hydration-hardening material-containing sheet 30 can be embodied as the hydration-hardening material-containing sheet 30 by using the configuration and materials described in the invention "composite sheet" described in application number "Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-204814" filed by the applicant of the present application.

[0032] A water guide sheet 20 is attached to the back of the solar panel 10, and a hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30 is attached to the surface of the water guide sheet 20 opposite the surface to which the solar panel 10 is attached. The solar panel 10, water guide sheet 20, and hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30 can be attached using adhesives, double-sided tape, or the like, or by sewing them with thread using the six holes 11 in the solar panel 10. The purpose of attaching the solar panel 10, water guide sheet 20, and hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30 is simply to bundle the directly placed solar panel 1 together for ease of transportation and placement, so it is sufficient to only attach them partially at key points. The solar panel 10, water guide sheet 20, and hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30 are finally fixed using fasteners 40, which will be described later.

[0033] 2 to 4, a method for laying a surface-mounted solar panel 1 on the ground will be described. In Fig. 2, the surface-mounted solar panel 1, which is made up of the solar panel 10, water-conducting sheet 20, and hydration-hardening material-containing sheet 30 bundled together from the state shown in Fig. 1, is fixed to the ground with fasteners 40 and laid. The term "laying" is generally used when installing railways, waterworks, etc., but is used here to describe the laying of a sheet-like material for installation.

[0034] The fastener 40 is a civil engineering rivet or nail (also called a large-head nail or sheet pin) made of metal, synthetic resin, or the like. The fastener 40 is nail-shaped with an enlarged head (the part that is struck with a hammer), and the tip, the part that is driven into the ground on the opposite side of the head, is sharpened. A return may be provided at an appropriate point between the head and the tip to prevent the fastener from coming loose. The length and thickness of the fastener 40 are selected appropriately depending on the condition of the soil, such as whether it is hard or soft, into which it will be driven.

[0035] These are passed through the six holes 11 in the solar panel 10 and into the water-conducting sheet 20 and the hydration-hardening material-containing sheet 30. Because the hydration-hardening material-containing sheet 30 and the water-conducting sheet 20 before hardening are made of the materials described above, fasteners 40 can be passed through them as long as they are strong enough to be driven into the ground.

[0036] Note that the head of fastener 40 (the part that is struck with a hammer or the like and is larger than the other parts) may be made larger to protect the light-receiving surface of solar panel 10 by fastener 40 and to increase the effect of fastener 40 in pressing against solar panel 10, water-guiding sheet 20, and hydration-hardening material-containing sheet 30, but in this embodiment, a doughnut-shaped circular plate (washer-shaped plate) made of synthetic resin, metal, or the like is combined as pressing plate 41. The other parts in Figure 2 are the same as those in Figure 1, so the same reference numerals are used and their explanations will be omitted.

[0037] An example of laying the surface-mounted solar panel 1 in the state of Figure 2 on the ground will be explained using Figure 3. First, the location where the surface-mounted solar panel 1 is to be laid will be explained. The surface-mounted solar panel 1 is designed to protect the ground with a hydration-hardening material-containing sheet 30 that hardens with water, and to install the surface-mounted solar panel 1 by driving in fasteners 40, so it is suitable for installation on ground with exposed soil and sand. However, it can also be installed on ground paved with concrete, asphalt, etc. by changing the fasteners 40 to anchor fittings for concrete.

[0038] Regarding the level of ground leveling, the components that make up the direct-mounted solar panel 1 are made of flexible materials before installation, so they can be installed on curved surfaces as well as flat surfaces. Furthermore, depending on the soil and sand conditions, compaction may not be necessary, and unevenness of about one-third to one-half the thickness of the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30 can be absorbed by the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30, making it possible to install the solar panel on roughly level ground.

[0039] Regarding the inclination of the ground on which the direct-mounted solar panel 1 is installed, the direct-mounted solar panel 1 can also be installed on a level surface (horizontal surface). However, when the direct-mounted solar panel 1 is installed directly, drainage of rainwater must be considered. Since level ground is prone to creating depressions and poor drainage, it is better to level the ground to create a slope and construct a structure that collects drainage in a low spot to facilitate drainage. The power generation efficiency of the solar panel 10 should also be considered. The solar panel 10 generates electricity at a 30-degree southward angle of incidence, which provides the best power generation efficiency. However, if the angle of incidence is closer to this than northward and allows solar reception, the solar panel 10 can generate power. Therefore, it is preferable to have a slope (slope) that ensures drainage, a slope of about 5 to 30 degrees that provides the best power generation efficiency for the solar panel 10, and a slope facing south.

[0040] FIG. 3 illustrates the installation of a direct-mounted solar panel 1 and a direct-mounted solar panel 1a on a slope. After the direct-mounted solar panel 1 is installed on the slope, the direct-mounted solar panel 1a is installed above the direct-mounted solar panel 1 (the upper side of the slope) so that the protruding portion on the lower side of the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30 of the direct-mounted solar panel 1a forms an overlap portion 31 and overlaps the protruding portion on the upper side of the direct-mounted solar panel 1. By overlapping the lower overlap portion 31 of the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30 of the direct-mounted solar panel 1a with the protruding portion on the upper side of the direct-mounted solar panel 1, rainwater is less likely to penetrate the slope. The other parts in FIG. 3 are the same as those in FIGS. 1 and 2, so the same reference numerals are used and their explanations are omitted.

[0041] FIG. 4 shows an example in which five solar panels 1, in this embodiment, are installed side by side on a slope 7 in addition to the two solar panels 1 shown in FIG. 3 . FIG. 4(b) shows a cross section of the slope 7 with diagonal lines drawn, as viewed from the side, showing the state in which five solar panels 1 to 1d are installed. FIG. 4(a) is a top view of the five solar panels 1 installed on the slope 7 of FIG. 4(b) (although it is a plan view, it is viewed from above perpendicular to the horizontal). For ease of explanation, the slope 7 is shown as a leveled slope at an angle of approximately 30 degrees. However, as mentioned above, solar panels can also be installed on curved surfaces, and the present invention is not limited to such a linear slope.

[0042] 4(a) and 4(b), the overlapping portion 31 of the lower hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30 of direct-mounted solar panel 1a overlaps with the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30 of direct-mounted solar panel 1, the overlapping portion 31 of direct-mounted solar panel 1b overlaps with the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30 of direct-mounted solar panel 1a, the overlapping portion 31 of direct-mounted solar panel 1c overlaps with the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30 of direct-mounted solar panel 1b, and the overlapping portion 31 of direct-mounted solar panel 1d overlaps with the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30 of direct-mounted solar panel 1c, thereby protecting the slope without any gaps. Furthermore, by providing a water-conducting sheet on each of direct-mounted solar panels 1-1d, after installation of direct-mounted solar panels 1-1d, water can be evenly distributed by sprinkling water or rainwater over the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30 of each of direct-mounted solar panels 1-1d.

[0043] Since the direct-mounted solar panel 1 is configured as described above, and each solar panel 10 is divided into a water-conducting sheet 20 and a hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30, it is easy to transport, and the size of the solar panel 10 is used as the basic unit, and multiple solar panels can be combined and arranged based on the size of this basic unit, allowing it to be fitted to the shape of the ground on which it is intended to be laid.

[0044] The presence of the water-conducting sheet 20 allows water to be evenly distributed over the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30 by sprinkling water or rainwater, even in areas covered by the solar panels 10, so the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30 can be laid in an unhardened state. This allows the fasteners 40 to pass through the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30 in a soft state, making the laying work easier.

[0045] Furthermore, because the hydration-hardening material-containing sheet 30 hardens while deforming in a manner suitable for the solar panel 10 with the solar panel 10 and the water guide sheet 20 in close contact, excessive force such as protrusion from the ground or twisting is unlikely to be applied to the back surface of the solar panel 10. Furthermore, the water guide sheet 20 itself is flexible and easily deformable, so excessive force such as protrusion from the ground or twisting is unlikely to be applied to the back surface of the solar panel 10. Furthermore, because the water guide sheet 20 has water retention properties, it has a cooling effect due to evaporation of water, which can contribute to improving the power generation efficiency of the solar panel 10.

[0046] (Second embodiment) The second embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 5. The difference between the direct-mounted solar panel 2 of the second embodiment and the direct-mounted solar panel 1 of the first embodiment is that the water-guiding sheet 20 of the direct-mounted solar panel 1 of the first embodiment is replaced with a space-retaining sheet 21 in the direct-mounted solar panel 2.

[0047] The direct-mounted solar panel 2 of the second embodiment shown in Figure 5 is formed from a space-retaining sheet 21 provided on the back surface (the surface behind the light-receiving surface) of the solar panel 10, and a hydration-hardening material-containing sheet 30 (shown with a dotted pattern (halftone dots) in the figure) provided on the back surface of the space-retaining sheet 21. This space-retaining sheet 21 serves as the space-retaining member.

[0048] The space retaining sheet 21 in the second embodiment is formed with the same external dimensions as the water guide sheet 20 in the first embodiment. On the side of the space retaining sheet 21 that comes into close contact with the back surface of the solar panel 10, there is provided a lattice frame portion 23 in the form of a plate having a thickness of 1 to 2 mm and having square holes 22 appropriately formed in the middle portion, as well as six holed protrusions 24 and seven protrusions 25 that protrude from the lattice frame portion 23 toward the hydration-hardening material-containing sheet 30.

[0049] The perforated protrusions 24 are convex portions with holes corresponding to the six holes 11 in the solar panel 10, while the protrusions 25 are convex portions without holes. (Note that although the holes are shown in FIG. 5 , they are recesses for "removing material" to prevent "sink marks" during molding of the synthetic resin, and need not be provided if "sink marks" are not a consideration.) The provision of the perforated protrusions 24 and the protrusions 25 provides a gap of 3 to 9 millimeters between the solar panel 10 and the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30. The only surface of the space-retaining sheet 21 that contacts the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30 is the surface where the perforated protrusions 24 and the protrusions 25 contact; most of the surface of the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30 that contacts the space-retaining sheet 21 is left uncovered. Therefore, the space-retaining sheet 21 serves as a space-retaining member that serves as a water-conducting means.

[0050] Furthermore, the space retaining sheet 21 is made of a molded synthetic resin such as polypropylene or polyethylene terephthalate, and the lattice frame portion 23 is thin and flexible. Therefore, it can support the solar panel 10 without being affected by the hydration hardening material-containing sheet 30 that has been deformed by unevenness in the ground. The other parts are the same as those in the first embodiment, so the same reference numerals are used and their explanations are omitted.

[0051] Since the direct-mounted solar panel 2 is configured as described above, it is divided into solar panels 10 each equipped with a space-retaining sheet 21 and a hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30, which makes it easy to transport, and the size of the solar panel 10 is used as the basic unit, and multiple solar panels can be combined and arranged based on the size of this basic unit, allowing it to be fitted to the shape of the ground on which it is intended to be laid.

[0052] The presence of the space-retaining sheet 21 allows water to be evenly distributed over the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30 by sprinkling water or rainwater, even in areas covered by the solar panel 10. Therefore, the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30 can be laid in an unhardened state, and the fasteners 40 can be passed through the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30 while it is still soft, making the work easier.

[0053] Furthermore, when the solar panel 10 and the space retaining sheet 21 are in contact, the hydration-hardening material-containing sheet 30 hardens by deforming in a manner suitable for the solar panel 10, so excessive force such as a protrusion from the ground or twisting is unlikely to be applied to the back of the solar panel 10. The space retaining sheet 21 itself is also flexible.

[0054] (Third embodiment) The third embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 6. The difference between the direct-mounted solar panel 3 of the third embodiment and the direct-mounted solar panel 2 of the second embodiment is that the spacer sheet 21 of the direct-mounted solar panel 2 of the second embodiment is replaced with a spacer set 26 in the direct-mounted solar panel 3.

[0055] The third embodiment of the direct-mounted solar panel 3 shown in Figure 6 is formed from a spacer set 26 consisting of six perforated spacers (perforated spacers) 27 and seven spacers (spacers) 28 provided on the back surface of the solar panel 10 (the surface behind the light-receiving surface), and a hydration-hardening material-containing sheet 30 (shown with a dotted pattern (halftone dots) in the figure) provided on the back side of the spacer set 26.

[0056] In the spacer set 26 of the third embodiment, perforated spacer 27 is arranged at a position corresponding to the perforated protrusion 24 of the space retaining sheet 21 of the second embodiment, and spacer 28 is arranged at a position corresponding to the protrusion 25. Furthermore, perforated spacer 27 and spacer 28 are formed to the same thickness as space retaining sheet 21. Note that if it is desired to impart rigidity to the solar panel 10 itself, a plate material on which the lattice frame portion 23 of the second embodiment is independently formed may be added to this embodiment.

[0057] The perforated spacer 27 is a cylindrical member with holes corresponding to the diameters of the six holes 11 in the solar panel 10. The spacer 28 is a columnar member without holes. The provision of the perforated spacer 27 and the perforated spacer 28 results in a gap of 5 to 10 millimeters between the solar panel 10 and the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30. The only surfaces of the spacer set 26 that come into contact with the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30 are the surfaces where the perforated spacer 27 and the perforated spacer 28 come into contact, and most of the surface of the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30 that comes into contact with the spacer set 26 is uncovered. Therefore, the spacer set 26 serves as a spacer member that serves as a water guide means.

[0058] The material of the spacer 21 is a molded synthetic resin such as polypropylene or polyethylene terephthalate, or a hard synthetic rubber or polyurethane resin. The spacer set 26 only partially supports the space between the solar panel 10 and the hydration-hardening material-containing sheet 30, so it supports the solar panel 10 without impairing its flexibility. Therefore, it can support the solar panel 10 without being affected by the hydration-hardening material-containing sheet 30 being deformed due to unevenness in the ground. The other parts are the same as those in the first and second embodiments, so the same reference numerals are used and their description will be omitted.

[0059] Since the direct placement solar panel 3 is configured as described above, each solar panel 10 is divided into a spacer set 26 and a hydrated hardening material containing sheet 30, which simplifies installation work and allows the panels to be rearranged to suit the shape of the ground where they are to be installed.

[0060] The spacer set 26 allows water to be evenly distributed over the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30 by sprinkling water or rainwater, even in areas covered by the solar panels 10. Therefore, the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30 can be laid in an unhardened state, and the fasteners 40 can be passed through the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30 while it is still soft, making the work easier.

[0061] Furthermore, when the spacer set 26 is attached to the solar panel 10, the hydration-hardening material-containing sheet 30 hardens by deforming in a manner suitable for the solar panel 10, so excessive force such as a protrusion from the ground or twisting is unlikely to be applied to the back of the solar panel 10. Furthermore, the spacer set 26 itself partially supports the solar panel 10, so the flexibility of the solar panel 10 is not impaired.

[0062] (Fourth embodiment) The fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 to 9. In the first to third embodiments, the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30 is divided into solar panel 10 units, and one of the water guide sheet 20, spacer sheet 26, or spacer set 26 is provided between the solar panel 10 and the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30. The fourth embodiment is a method of using a long or wide hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 32 ​​or water guide sheet 29 to install multiple solar panels 10 on one hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 32 ​​or one water guide sheet 29. For ease of explanation, this embodiment will be described using one long sheet so as to be comparable to FIG. 4 of the first embodiment. Therefore, as with FIG. 4, FIGS. 7 to 9(a) are views from above, and (b) are views from the side.

[0063] The size (area) of the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 32 ​​is determined by the conditions of the manufacturing method and manufacturing machine for the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30 and the conditions of the manufacturing materials that can be supplied. Also, if the sheet is too wide, it will be difficult to transport and install, so the size is determined taking these factors into consideration. Therefore, as long as the above conditions are not a problem, any size is acceptable.

[0064] The solar panel installation method of the fourth embodiment involves first laying a hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 32 ​​on the slope 7, then laying a water-conducting sheet 29 on the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 32, then laying five solar panels 10 on the water-conducting sheet 29 at appropriate intervals, and finally using fasteners 40 with retaining plates 41 attached, as described in the first embodiment, to penetrate the water-conducting sheet 29 and the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 32 ​​from the solar panel 10 side, laying them on the slope 7. The fasteners 40 and retaining plates 41 are the same as those in the first embodiment, so a description thereof will be omitted. This will be described below with reference to Figures 7 to 9.

[0065] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating the first stage, in which a hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 32 ​​is laid on a slope 7. The slope 7 in Figure 7 is the same as that in Figure 4, and a long hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 32 ​​is spread and laid along the slope of the slope 7. The length of the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 32 ​​is set to a length that allows five solar panels 10 to be arranged vertically, with a small margin of error. The structure and materials of the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 32, other than the length, are the same as those of the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30 of the first embodiment, and therefore will not be described here.

[0066] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the second stage, in which the water guide sheet 29 is laid on the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 32. The water guide sheet is unfolded and laid on top of the long hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 32 ​​laid on the slope 7 in FIG. 7. The length of the water guide sheet 29 may be the same width and length as the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 32, or it may be the same width as the solar panels 10 but shorter than the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 32. The water guide sheet 29 in FIGS. 8 and 9 has the same width as the solar panels 10 and the same length as the five solar panels 10 spaced a predetermined distance apart. The structure and materials of the water guide sheet 29, other than the width and length, are the same as those of the water guide sheet 20 of the first embodiment, and therefore will not be described here.

[0067] The water guide sheet 29 may be implemented as any one or a combination of the water guide sheet 20, space retaining sheet 26, or space retainer set 26 of the first to third embodiments. In this case, it is also possible to first attach any one or a combination of the water guide sheet 20, space retaining sheet 26, or space retainer set 26 to the back surface of the solar panel 10, thereby implementing the solar panel 10 with the water guide sheet 20 or the like already attached.

[0068] 9 shows the third stage, which illustrates the state in which five solar panels 10 are placed on the water guide sheet 29. 8 shows five solar panels 10 placed at appropriate intervals on top of a hydration-hardening material-containing sheet 32 ​​and a water-conducting sheet 29 laid one on top of the other on the slope 7, and fasteners 40 with pressure plates 41 attached are used to penetrate the water-conducting sheet 29 and the hydration-hardening material-containing sheet 32 ​​before the hydration-hardening material-containing sheet 32 ​​absorbs moisture and hardens on the slope 7. The solar panels 10 are the same as those in the first embodiment, and so a description thereof will be omitted.

[0069] The five solar panels 10 are installed with an appropriate distance between them, but this is to make it easier for water to be evenly distributed by sprinkling water or rainwater from the water-guiding sheet 29, and there is no need to install them as far apart as in the first embodiment shown in Figure 4. Furthermore, the spacing between the solar panels 10 is only an issue for maintenance reasons, and it may require a large amount of water to harden the entire hydrate-hardening material-containing sheet 32, or it may take a long time for the entire sheet to harden. Therefore, if these issues can be addressed, for example, if the number of solar panels 10 is small, the solar panels 10 may be installed without any large distance between them.

[0070] By laying the solar panel 1 in the above manner, a wide area of ​​the ground surface of the slope can be covered with the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 32 ​​and the water-conducting sheet 29, which reduces the overlapping area of ​​the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 32 ​​and simplifies the laying work when installing on a wide slope. It also reduces the possibility of the slope collapsing at the overlapping area and the overgrowth of vegetation.

[0071] The presence of the water-conducting sheet 29 allows water to be evenly distributed over the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 30 by sprinkling water or rainwater, even in areas covered by the solar panels 10, so the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 32 ​​can be laid in an unhardened state. This allows the fasteners 40 to be passed through the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet 32 ​​in its soft state, making the work easier.

[0072] Furthermore, because the hydration-hardening material-containing sheet 32 ​​hardens by deforming in a manner suitable for the solar panel 10 while the solar panel 10 and the water-guiding sheet 29 are in close contact with each other, excessive force such as a protrusion from the ground or twisting is unlikely to be applied to the back surface of the solar panel 10. Furthermore, the water-guiding sheet 29 itself is flexible and easily deformable, so excessive force such as a protrusion from the ground or twisting is unlikely to be applied to the back surface of the solar panel 10. Furthermore, because the water-guiding sheet 29 has water-retaining properties, it has a cooling effect due to evaporation of water, which can contribute to improving the power generation efficiency of the solar panel 10.

[0073] Although the present invention has been described above based on the first to fourth embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the configurations of these embodiments. For example, the first to fourth embodiments can be combined in various ways.

[0074] Furthermore, the present invention is not limited to these, but includes the inventions described in the claims and their equivalents. The inventions described in the claims of this application are as follows: (Addendum) [1] Appendix 1 is a direct-mounted solar panel comprising a solar panel, a water-conducting means provided on the back of the solar panel, and a sheet containing a hydration-hardening material provided on the back of the water-conducting means. [2] Appendix 2 is the direct-mounted solar panel according to claim 1, wherein the water guide means is a water guide sheet. [3] Appendix 3 is the direct placement solar panel according to claim 1, wherein the water guide means is a space retaining member. [4] Appendix 4 is a solar panel installation method in which a hydrated hardening material-containing sheet is laid on a slope, a water-conducting means is laid on the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet before the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet hardens, a solar panel is laid on the water-conducting means before the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet hardens, and a fastener is passed through the solar panel to the water-conducting means and the hydrated hardening material-containing sheet and laid on the slope. [5] Appendix 5 is a method for installing solar panels on a slope according to claim 4, wherein the water guide means is a water guide sheet. [6] Appendix 6 is a method for laying solar panels on a slope as described in claim 4, wherein the water guide means is a space-retaining member. [7] Appendix 7 is a direct placement solar panel or a solar panel installation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the solar panel is a flexible solar panel. [Industrial Applicability]

[0075] This is a method of compounding and fixing solar panels to slopes, which reduces material costs and enables slope construction, shortening the construction period. It also increases the strength of the solar panels against the natural environment, such as wind and rain loads, and protects them from heavy rain such as typhoons in the mountainous areas that make up 70% of the country's land area, while generating electrical energy, making it suitable for industrial use. [Explanation of symbols]

[0076] 1, 2, 3: Directly placed solar panels 7: Slope 10: Solar panel 11: Hole 20, 29: Water guide sheet 21: Space preservation sheet 22: Square hole 23: Lattice frame part 24:Protrusion with hole 25: Protrusion 26: Space-retaining material set 27: Space holder with hole 28: Space holder 30, 32: Hydration curing material inclusion sheet 31: Overlap 40: Fastener 41: Retaining plate

Claims

1. Solar panels and a water guide means which is a space retaining member provided on the back surface of the solar panel; A sheet containing a hydration hardening material is provided on the back of the water guide means. Direct-mounted solar panel

2. A surface-mounted solar panel as described in claim 1, wherein the solar panel is a flexible solar panel.

3. A sheet containing a hydration hardening material is laid on a slope, A solar panel installation method comprising: laying a water-conducting means on the hydrated-hardening material-containing sheet before the hydrated-hardening material-containing sheet hardens; laying a solar panel on the water-conducting means before the hydrated-hardening material-containing sheet hardens; and using fasteners to penetrate the water-conducting means and the hydrated-hardening material-containing sheet from the solar panel and lay it on a slope.

4. 4. The method for installing solar panels on a slope according to claim 3, wherein the water guide means is a water guide sheet.

5. 4. The method for installing solar panels on a slope according to claim 3, wherein the water guide means is a space maintaining member.

6. The solar panel installation method according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the solar panel is a flexible solar panel.

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