Earth retaining panels, earth retaining structures, and construction methods for earth retaining structures

Abstract

To provide an earth retaining panel, an earth retaining structure, and a construction method for an earth retaining structure, in which a vertical beam for joining a strut can be arranged inside an excavated hole without reducing an internal space of an excavated hole.SOLUTION: An earth retaining panel includes a skin plate facing a wall of an excavated hole, a pair of main girders provided at one opposing end of the skin plate, a pair of joint plates provided at the other opposing ends of the skin plate, and a longitudinal beam provided inside the skin plate, the main girder, and the joint plate and having a flat surface to which struts can be joined.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to earth retaining panels, earth retaining structures, and construction methods for earth retaining structures.

Background Art

[0002] Conventionally, as disclosed in Patent Document 1 for example, there is known an earth retaining structure constructed by assembling corrugated steel sheets in a vertical excavation hole formed by excavating the ground. The earth retaining structure is constructed by stacking, in the hole axis direction, a structure formed by annularly arranging a plurality of corrugated steel sheets along the wall surface of the excavation hole.

[0003] In the earth retaining structure, as the depth of the excavation hole increases, the earth pressure from the ground side increases, and the rigidity of only the corrugated steel sheets may not be sufficient. Also, regardless of the depth, there may be a large earth pressure depending on soil conditions and the like. Further, as the depth in the hole axis direction increases, the self-weight of the annular body arranged above acts on the annular body arranged below. Therefore, in the earth retaining structure, at a deep location, an H-shaped steel called a reinforcing ring is sandwiched between adjacent corrugated steel sheets in the vertical direction to increase the rigidity.

[0004] Furthermore, in the earth retaining structure, since the corrugated steel sheets may be deflected by the earth pressure of the excavation hole, vertical beams extending in the hole axis direction are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the excavation hole on the inner surface side of the corrugated steel sheets, and the strength against the earth pressure is increased by connecting the opposing vertical beams with cross beams.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0005]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0006] However, if vertical beams are installed on the inner side of the corrugated steel sheet, the internal space of the borehole is reduced by the amount the vertical beams protrude from the corrugated steel sheet, limiting the size of the structure that can be built inside the borehole. It is possible to design the outer circumference of the borehole to be larger to accommodate the dimensions of the vertical beams, but this may interfere with existing pipes such as water pipes and power distribution pipes buried in the ground, and furthermore, there are public-private boundaries, so it may not be possible to freely design the outer circumference of the borehole.

[0007] The present invention aims to solve the above problems and to provide a retaining wall panel, a retaining wall structure, and a method for constructing a retaining wall structure that allows for the placement of longitudinal beams for joining bracing inside an excavation hole without reducing the internal space of the excavation hole. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The earth retaining panel according to the present invention is an earth retaining panel used to construct an earth retaining structure in an excavation hole formed by excavating the ground, and comprises a skin plate facing the wall surface of the excavation hole, a pair of flat main girders provided at one opposing end of the skin plate, a pair of joint plates provided at the other opposing end of the skin plate, and vertical beams provided inside the area enclosed by the skin plate, the main girders, and the joint plates, and having a plane to which bracing can be joined.

[0009] The earth retaining structure according to the present invention is an earth retaining structure constructed by installing earth retaining panels in an excavation hole formed by excavating the ground, and comprises a first earth retaining structure in which a plurality of earth retaining panels are arranged in a ring along the wall surface of the excavation hole, and at least one stage is constructed in the direction of the hole axis, wherein the earth retaining panel has a skin plate facing the wall surface of the excavation hole, a pair of main girders provided at one opposing end of the skin plate, and a pair of joint plates provided at the other opposing end of the skin plate, and at least some of the earth retaining panels of the plurality of earth retaining panels have longitudinal beams provided inside the area surrounded by the skin plate, the main girders and the joint plates, and having a plane to which bracing can be joined, wherein the longitudinal beams are arranged facing each other in the circumferential direction of the excavation hole, and the longitudinal beams facing each other are connected by the bracing.

[0010] The construction method for an earth retaining structure according to the present invention is a construction method for an earth retaining structure, wherein when arranging a plurality of earth retaining panels sequentially along the wall surface of the excavation hole, the plurality of earth retaining panels are arranged and joined so that the vertical beams are continuous with each other along the hole axis direction of the excavation hole and the vertical beams face each other in the circumferential direction of the excavation hole, and the vertical beams that face each other in the circumferential direction of the excavation hole are connected by the bracing. [Effects of the Invention]

[0011] In this invention, since a longitudinal beam having a plane to which a brace can be joined is provided inside the area enclosed by the skin plate, main girder, and joint plate, the longitudinal beam for joining the brace can be placed inside the excavation hole without reducing the internal space of the excavation hole. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0012] [Figure 1] This is a schematic front view showing an earth retaining structure according to an embodiment. [Figure 2] This is a plan view showing the first earth retaining structure of an earth retaining structure according to an embodiment. [Figure 3]It is a plan view showing the second earth retaining structure part of the earth retaining structure according to the embodiment. [Figure 4] It is a perspective view showing an example of an earth retaining panel used for the earth retaining structure according to the embodiment. [Figure 5] (A) to (D) are plan views showing various shapes of the earth retaining panel used for the earth retaining structure according to the embodiment. [Figure 6] It is a perspective view showing the earth retaining panel according to the embodiment. [Figure 7] (A) to (D) are explanatory views showing the earth retaining panel according to the embodiment. [Figure 8] It is an explanatory view schematically showing a state where the earth retaining panel according to the embodiment is arranged in the hole axis direction of the excavation hole. [Figure 9] [[ID=Q18]]It is an explanatory view schematically showing a state where a cross beam is installed in the first earth retaining structure part of the earth retaining structure according to the embodiment. [Figure 10] (A) and (B) are explanatory views showing an example of a corrugated steel sheet used for the earth retaining structure according to the embodiment. [Figure 11] It is a cross-sectional view showing an enlarged view of the arrow view taken along the line XI-XI shown in FIG. 10(A). [Figure 12] It is an enlarged view of part XII of FIG. 1. [Figure 13] It is an explanatory view schematically showing a state where a vertical beam and a cross beam are installed in the second earth retaining structure part of the earth retaining structure according to the embodiment. [Figure 14] It is a cross-sectional view showing different forms of the corrugated steel sheet according to the embodiment. [Figure 15] It is an explanatory view schematically showing an example of a construction method of the earth retaining structure according to the embodiment.

MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0013] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In each figure, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted or simplified as appropriate. In addition, regarding the configurations shown in each figure, the shape, size, arrangement, etc. thereof can be appropriately changed within the scope of the present invention. In addition, for the sake of easy understanding, terms indicating directions (for example, up, down, left, right, etc.) are used as appropriate, but their notations are for the convenience of explanation and do not limit the arrangement, direction, and orientation of devices, instruments, or parts, etc.

[0014] Embodiment. FIG. 1 is a front view schematically showing a retaining structure 100 according to an embodiment. FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a first retaining structure portion 101 of the retaining structure 100 according to the embodiment. FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a second retaining structure portion 102 of the retaining structure 100 according to the embodiment. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the retaining structure 100 according to the present embodiment is a shaft constructed in a rectangular shape in plan view by installing retaining panels 1 and 2 and corrugated steel plates 4 in a vertical excavation hole 300 formed by excavating the ground. Specifically, the retaining structure 100 includes a first retaining structure portion 101 and a second retaining structure portion 102.

[0015] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the first retaining structure portion 101 is configured by stacking a plurality of structures 101A formed in a rectangular shape in plan view by arranging the retaining panels 1 and 2 annularly along the wall surface of the excavation hole 300 in the axial direction (Y direction) of the hole. The first retaining structure portion 101 is assembled by arranging the retaining panels 1 and 2 in a staggered manner. As shown in FIG. 1, a housing 200 is constructed in the internal space of the first retaining structure portion 101 formed by the retaining panels 1 and 2 of the retaining structure . The number of the retaining panels 1 and 2 in the circumferential direction (X direction) of the retaining structure 100 shown in FIG. 2 is an example and is not limited thereto.

[0016] On the other hand, as shown in Figures 1 and 3, the second earth retaining structure 102 is constructed by stacking multiple layers of a structure 102A, which is formed in a rectangular shape in plan view by arranging corrugated steel plates 4 in a ring shape along the wall surface of the excavation hole 300, in the direction of the hole axis (Y direction). The second earth retaining structure 102 is assembled by arranging the corrugated steel plates 4 in a staggered pattern. In addition, the main body may be constructed within the internal space of the second earth retaining structure 102. Furthermore, the number of corrugated steel plates 4 in the circumferential direction (X direction) of the earth retaining structure 100 shown in Figure 3 is just an example and is not limited thereto.

[0017] First, the first earth retaining structure 101 will be described based on Figures 4 to 9, with reference to Figures 1 to 3. Figure 4 is a perspective view showing an example of an earth retaining panel 1 used in the earth retaining structure 100 according to the embodiment. Figures 5(A) to 5(D) are plan views showing various shapes of the earth retaining panel 1 used in the earth retaining structure 100 according to the embodiment. As shown in Figure 4, the earth retaining panel 1 comprises a rectangular skin plate 10 facing the wall surface of the excavation hole 300, a pair of flat main girders 11 provided at one opposing end of the skin plate 10, and a pair of joint plates 12 provided at the other opposing end of the skin plate 10. The pair of main girders 11 are provided at the upper and lower ends of the skin plate 10 to form the upper and lower surfaces. The pair of joint plates 12 are provided at both the left and right ends of the skin plate 10 to form the left and right sides. In this embodiment, up and down refers to the axial direction of the excavation hole 300, and left and right refers to the circumferential direction of the excavation hole 300.

[0018] The earth retaining panel 1 is formed in a concave shape that opens toward the interior of the excavation hole 300, consisting of a skin plate 10, a main girder 11, and a joint plate 12. The skin plate 10, the main girder 11, and the joint plate 12 are joined together by welding. The height of the main girder 11 varies depending on the soil type and depth of the excavation hole 300, but is typically around 150mm to 400mm. The height of the earth retaining panel 1 in the hole axis direction (Y direction) is designed to be in the range of approximately 500mm to 1000mm, with a standard of 500mm, taking into consideration the safety and efficiency of the workers constructing the earth retaining structure 100.

[0019] The main girder 11 has multiple connecting holes 11a formed therein for connecting adjacent earth retaining panels 1 stacked vertically in the hole axis direction (Y direction), or for connecting earth retaining panels 1 with corrugated steel plates 4. Adjacent earth retaining panels 1 are connected by butting the main girder 11 together and fastening the shafts of bolts inserted through the connecting holes 11a with nuts, for example. Note that the means for connecting the main girder 11 of adjacent earth retaining panels 1 is not limited to bolts and nuts; other fasteners such as clips may also be used. Also, the number of connecting holes 11a shown is just an example and is not limited thereto.

[0020] The joint plate 12 has multiple connecting holes 12a formed therein for connecting adjacent earth retaining panels 1 arranged in the circumferential direction (X direction) of the excavated hole 300. Adjacent earth retaining panels 1 are connected by butting the joint plate 12 together and fastening the shafts of bolts inserted through the connecting holes 12a with nuts, for example. Note that the means for connecting the joint plates 12 of adjacent earth retaining panels 1 may also be a connecting device such as a clip. Note that the number of connecting holes 12a shown is just an example and is not limited thereto.

[0021] Furthermore, the retaining wall panel 1 may be provided with a shape-retaining member 13 positioned between the upper main girder 11 and the lower main girder 11 to maintain the shape of the retaining wall panel 1 during manufacturing, transportation, and construction. The shape-retaining member 13 is composed of a plate-shaped member made of steel plate or the like, as shown in the figure, or a rod-shaped member made of reinforcing bars or the like, although not shown in the figure. The shape and number of shape-retaining members 13 are determined by considering, for example, the size and shape of the retaining wall panel 1. Also, the shape-retaining member 13 is not necessarily required and may be omitted.

[0022] As shown in Figure 2, the first retaining wall structure 101 uses retaining wall panels 1 of different shapes and lengths depending on where they are placed. The retaining wall panels 1 shown in Figures 5(A) to 5(D) are examples of configurations formed according to the placement location. For example, at the rectangular corners of the first retaining wall structure 101 shown in Figure 2, L-shaped retaining wall panels 1 for corners are placed, as shown in Figures 5(B) and 5(D). In addition, retaining wall panels 1 and 2 are placed sequentially along the circumferential direction (X direction) of the excavation hole 300, and finally, the small retaining wall panel 1 shown in Figure 5(A) is placed. One end face in the longitudinal direction of the small retaining wall panel 1 shown in Figure 5(A) is inclined with respect to the radial direction of the excavation hole 300. The end face of the retaining wall panel 1 opposite to the end face of the small retaining wall panel 1 is also inclined with respect to the radial direction. This is because the last retaining wall panel 1 to be installed is slid and fitted into the space formed between the already installed retaining wall panels 1 in the circumferential direction (X direction) from the inside to the outside of the structure 101A. This improves the workability of assembling the retaining wall panels 1.

[0023] Figure 6 is a perspective view showing the earth retaining panel 2 according to the embodiment. Figure 7 is an explanatory diagram showing the earth retaining panel 2 according to the embodiment. Figure 7(A) is a plan view, Figure 7(B) is a front view, Figure 7(C) is a left side view, and Figure 7(D) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line DD shown in (B).

[0024] Of the multiple earth retaining panels 1 and 2 constituting the first earth retaining structure 101, some earth retaining panels 2 are provided with vertical beams 14 having a plane to which bracing 3 can be joined, within a recess surrounded by a skin plate 10, a main girder 11, and a joint plate 12, as shown in Figures 6 and 7. The vertical beams 14 are, for example, H-shaped steel and have a web 14c, a first flange 14a provided at one end of the web 14c, and a second flange 14b provided at the other end of the web 14c. One of the first flanges 14a is positioned on the side of the excavation hole 300, and the other second flange 14b is positioned opposite the skin plate 10. The first flange 14a positioned on the side of the excavation hole 300 becomes the plane for joining the bracing 3. A plate-shaped main girder reinforcing member 15 is provided between the upper end surface of the vertical beam 14 and the upper main girder 11. A plate-shaped main girder reinforcing member 15 is also provided between the lower end surface of the vertical beam 14 and the lower main girder 11. The main girder reinforcement member 15 is provided to suppress deformation of the main girder 11 due to the load of the bracing 3. The upper and lower ends of the vertical beam 14 are welded to the main girder reinforcement member 15, respectively. The main girder reinforcement member 15 is welded to the inner surface of the main girder 11. The vertical beam 14 is provided to fit inside the recess formed by the skin plate 10, the main girder 11, and the joint plate 12. The vertical beam 14 is transported to the construction site already attached to the main girder 11 via the main girder reinforcement member 15, for example, at a factory. This reduces the amount of work required at the construction site and allows for construction in a shorter period. Note that the main girder reinforcement member 15 is not necessarily required and may be omitted. In this case, the upper and lower ends of the vertical beam 14 are welded to the main girder 11, respectively. Furthermore, the main girder reinforcement member 15 may be provided only between the upper end surface of the vertical beam 14 and the upper main girder 11, or it may be provided only between the lower end surface of the vertical beam 14 and the lower main girder 11.

[0025] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 7(A), the main girder 11 has a dense arrangement of connecting holes 11a in the area where the main girder reinforcement members 15 are placed. This is to increase the connection strength by increasing the number of bolt connections with the upper and lower adjacent earth retaining panels 2, and to support the load of the bracing 3 connected to the vertical beam 14. As shown in Figure 6, the main girder reinforcement members 15 have through holes 15a that communicate with the connecting holes 11a and allow the bolt shafts to pass through. In addition, the number of connecting holes 11a in the area where the main girder reinforcement members 15 are placed is not limited to the 8 shown in Figure 7(A), but may be changed as appropriate depending on the size and shape of the earth retaining panels 2, the size and shape of the bracing 3, etc.

[0026] Furthermore, two or more vertical beams 14 may be provided for each earth retaining panel 2. Although not shown in the illustration, the earth retaining panel 2 may also be provided with the shape-retaining member 13 shown in Figure 4.

[0027] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating the arrangement of the earth retaining panel 2 according to the embodiment in the hole axis direction (Y direction) of the excavation hole 300. As shown in Figure 8, the earth retaining panels 1 and 2 are assembled in a staggered arrangement. The vertical beams 14 of vertically adjacent earth retaining panels 2 are aligned in the circumferential direction (X direction) of the excavation hole 300 so that they are continuous along the hole axis direction (Y direction) of the excavation hole 300. Therefore, the vertical beams 14 are appropriately adjusted and positioned within the recess formed by the skin plate 10, the main girder 11, and the joint plate 12, such as by shifting their position from the center. Note that aligning in the circumferential direction (X direction) of the excavation hole 300 does not require exact coincidence, but includes dimensional tolerances.

[0028] Figure 9 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing the state in which a brace 3 is installed in the first earth retaining structure section 101 of the earth retaining structure 100 according to the embodiment. The vertical beams 14 of the earth retaining panel 2 are arranged facing each other in the circumferential direction (X direction) of the first earth retaining structure section 101, as shown in Figure 2. In the first earth retaining structure section 101 shown in Figure 2, the vertical beams 14 are arranged to face each other at three locations in the circumferential direction (X direction). In the first earth retaining structure section 101, as shown in Figures 2 and 9, brace 3 is provided to connect the opposing vertical beams 14. The brace 3 is made of, for example, an H-shaped steel. The longitudinal ends of the brace 3 are welded or bolted to the first flange 14a of the vertical beam 14. Alternatively, the first flange 14a and the brace 3 may be joined by bringing one end of the brace 3 into contact with the plane of the first flange 14a and bracing it using a jack or the like. Although not shown in the diagram, holes may be formed in the first flange 14a of the vertical beam 14 for bolting the bracing 3. Alternatively, holes may be formed in the first flange 14a of the vertical beam 14 for fitting and positioning the end of the bracing 3 into the vertical beam 14. Multiple bracing 3 are provided along the hole axis direction (Y direction) of the excavated hole 300, as shown in Figure 9.

[0029] The arrangement of retaining wall panels 1 and 2 is not limited to the configuration shown in Figure 2, and may be appropriately modified according to the size and shape of the retaining wall structure 100. Furthermore, the vertical beams 14 are not limited to H-shaped steel, but may be any configuration having a plane for joining the bracing beams 3 to the excavation hole 300 side. Specifically, the vertical beams 14 may be T-shaped steel, L-shaped steel, channel steel, or square steel, or they may be formed by combining flat plates into an H-shape, T-shape, L-shape, concave shape, or square shape. Similarly, the bracing beams 3 are not limited to H-shaped steel, but may be T-shaped steel, L-shaped steel, channel steel, or square steel, or they may be formed by combining flat plates into an H-shape, T-shape, L-shape, concave shape, or square shape. In short, the vertical beams 14 and bracing beams 3 may be any shape as long as they fulfill their function.

[0030] Next, the second earth retaining structure 102 will be described based on Figures 10 to 14, with reference to Figures 1 to 9. Figures 10(A) and 10(B) are explanatory diagrams showing an example of corrugated steel plate 4 used in the earth retaining structure 100 according to the embodiment. Figure 11 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line XI-XI shown in Figure 10(A). Figure 12 is an enlarged view of section XII in Figure 1. Figure 13 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing the state in which the longitudinal beam 6 and bracing 7 are installed in the second earth retaining structure 102 of the earth retaining structure 100 according to the embodiment.

[0031] The corrugated steel sheet 4 is composed of a liner plate with a sine wave-shaped cross-section, as shown in Figures 10 and 11, for example. The corrugated steel sheet 4 has a thickness of approximately 2.7 mm to 7 mm. The corrugated steel sheet 4 has circumferential flange portions 40 provided along the upper and lower edges, and axial flange portions 41 provided along both longitudinal edges. The circumferential flange portions 40 are formed by bending the corrugated steel sheet 4 so that it protrudes from the upper and lower edges toward the interior of the borehole 300. The axial flange portions 41 are formed by plates welded to both longitudinal edges of the corrugated steel sheet 4.

[0032] Multiple connecting holes 40a are formed along the circumferential direction (X direction) of the excavated hole 300 in the circumferential flange portion 40 for connecting adjacent corrugated steel plates 4 stacked vertically in the hole axis direction (Y direction), or connecting corrugated steel plates 4 to earth retaining panels 1. Adjacent corrugated steel plates 4 are connected by butting the circumferential flange portions 40 together and fastening the shafts of bolts inserted through the connecting holes 40a with nuts, for example. Adjacent earth retaining panels 1 or 2 and corrugated steel plates 4 are connected by butting the main girder 11 and the circumferential flange portion 40 together and fastening the shafts of bolts inserted through the connecting holes 11a and 40a with nuts. Note that the means for connecting the circumferential flange portions 40 of adjacent corrugated steel plates 4 are not limited to bolts and nuts; for example, connecting devices such as clips may be used. Furthermore, the means for connecting the vertically adjacent earth retaining panels 1 or 2 with the corrugated steel plate 4 are not limited to bolts and nuts; for example, connectors such as clips may be used. Also, the number of connecting holes 40a shown in the figure is just an example and is not limited thereto.

[0033] Multiple connecting holes 41a are formed along the hole axis direction (Y direction) of the axial flange portion 41 for connecting adjacent corrugated steel plates 4 arranged in the circumferential direction (X direction) of the borehole 300. Adjacent corrugated steel plates 4 in the circumferential direction (X direction) are connected by butting the axial flange portions 41 together and fastening the shafts of bolts inserted through the connecting holes 41a with nuts. Note that the means for connecting the axial flange portions 41 of adjacent corrugated steel plates 4 in the circumferential direction (X direction) are not limited to bolts and nuts, and connecting devices such as clips may be used. Also, the number of connecting holes 41a shown is an example and is not limited thereto.

[0034] Furthermore, as shown in Figures 1 and 12, among the multiple structural elements 102A arranged along the hole axis direction (Y direction) of the borehole 300, an annular reinforcing member 5 is provided between some of the vertically adjacent structural elements 102A. The reinforcing member 5 is provided to increase the rigidity of the structural elements 102A. As shown in Figures 3 and 12, the reinforcing member 5 has multiple H-shaped steel beams 50 divided along the circumferential direction (X direction) and a joint plate 51 that connects the H-shaped steel beams 50 adjacent in the circumferential direction (X direction). The reinforcing member 5 is arranged so that the web 50a of each H-shaped steel beam 50 is sandwiched between the circumferential flange portions 40 of the vertically arranged corrugated steel plates 4, and the web 50a and the upper and lower circumferential flange portions 40 are bolted together 52 to attach it to the corrugated steel plates 4. The bolted joint 52 is constructed by tightening a nut onto the shaft of a bolt that is passed through both the connecting hole 40a and the bolt hole formed in the web 50a of the H-shaped steel 50.

[0035] As shown in Figures 3 and 12, the joint plate 51 is positioned so as to straddle the ends of the H-shaped steel beams 50 that are butted together in the circumferential direction (X direction), and is in contact with the flange 50b of the H-shaped steel beams 50, and is bolted 53 to the flange 50b of each H-shaped steel beam 50. The bolted connection 53 is configured by tightening a nut on the shaft of a bolt that is passed through a bolt hole formed in the joint plate 51 and a bolt hole formed in the flange 50b of the H-shaped steel beam 50, which are common to both.

[0036] Furthermore, as shown in Figures 3 and 13, the second earth retaining structure 102 is provided with vertical beams 6 arranged along the hole axis direction (Y direction) of the excavation hole 300. The vertical beams 6 are, for example, H-shaped steel and are arranged on the inner side of the corrugated steel plate 4. One flange of the vertical beams 6 abuts against the flange 50b of the reinforcing member 5 and is bolted or welded to it. As shown in Figure 3, the vertical beams 6 are arranged facing each other in the circumferential direction (X direction) of the second earth retaining structure 102. In the second earth retaining structure 102 shown in Figure 3, the vertical beams 6 are arranged to face each other at three locations in the circumferential direction (X direction). The opposing vertical beams 6 are connected by bracing 7. The bracing 7 is made of, for example, H-shaped steel. Both ends of the bracing 7 in the longitudinal direction are bolted or welded to the flanges of the vertical beams 6. Although not shown in the illustration, holes for bolting the bracing 7 may be formed in the flanges of the vertical beams 6. Alternatively, holes may be formed in the flange of the vertical beam 6 for fitting and positioning the ends of the bracing 7 into the vertical beam 6. Multiple bracing 7 are provided along the axial direction (Y direction) of the excavated hole 300.

[0037] Furthermore, in the second earth retaining structure 102, it is not necessarily required to provide the longitudinal beams 6 and bracing beams 7, and they may be omitted. Also, the longitudinal beams 6 are not limited to H-shaped steel, and any configuration with a plane for joining the bracing beams 7 is acceptable. Similarly, the bracing beams 7 are not limited to H-shaped steel. The longitudinal beams 6 and bracing beams 7 may be T-shaped steel, L-shaped steel, channel steel, or square steel, or they may be constructed by combining flat plates to form an H-shape, T-shape, L-shape, concave shape, or square shape. In short, the longitudinal beams 6 and bracing beams 7 may be of any shape as long as they have the function.

[0038] Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view showing different forms of the corrugated steel plate 4 according to the embodiment. The corrugated steel plate 4 may also be a plank plate that has been bent so that its corrugated cross section is angular. Plank plates have the characteristic of being more rigid than the liner plates described above. In the earth retaining structure 100, the earth pressure from the ground side increases as the depth of the excavation hole 300 increases, and furthermore, the self-weight of the structure 102A located above acts on the structure 102A located below. Therefore, depending on the shape and size of the earth retaining structure 100 and the magnitude of the earth pressure from the ground side, the corrugated steel plate 4 made of a liner plate and the corrugated steel plate 4 made of a plank plate are appropriately selected and used.

[0039] Next, an example of a construction method for the earth retaining structure 100 described above will be explained based on Figure 15. Figure 15 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing an example of a construction method for an earth retaining structure according to an embodiment.

[0040] In the construction method for the earth retaining structure 100 according to this embodiment, the second earth retaining structure 102 is constructed first, and then the first earth retaining structure 101 is constructed below the second earth retaining structure 102. First, as shown in Figure 15(A), an excavation hole 300 for constructing the earth retaining structure 100 is formed in the ground. The excavation hole 300 is formed with an outer diameter that is, for example, about 20 cm larger than the outer diameter of the earth retaining structure 100. The depth of the excavation hole 300 is, for example, about 0.5 m to 1.5 m. Then, corrugated steel plates 4 are arranged in a ring along the wall surface of the excavation hole 300 to assemble the structure 102A.

[0041] Structure 102A is assembled by sequentially arranging corrugated steel plates 4 along the circumferential direction (X direction) of the wall surface of the borehole 300, and bolting adjacent corrugated steel plates 4 in the circumferential direction (X direction). The corrugated steel plates 4 of the upper structure 102A and the corrugated steel plates 4 of the lower structure 102A are bolted together. The corrugated steel plates 4 of the upper structure 102A and the corrugated steel plates 4 of the lower structure 102A are arranged in a staggered pattern, with their positions in the circumferential direction (X direction) being offset. In addition, among the multiple structures 102A arranged along the borehole axis direction (Y direction) of the borehole 300, annular reinforcing members 5 are provided along the circumferential direction (X direction) between some of the vertically adjacent structures 102A. As shown in Figure 12, the reinforcing members 5 are positioned by sandwiching the webs 50a of each H-shaped steel beam 50 between the circumferential flange portions 40 of the corrugated steel plates 4 which are arranged above and below each other, and are attached to the corrugated steel plates 4 by bolting the webs 50a and the circumferential flange portions 40 together 52. In this way, a part of the second earth retaining structure 102 is constructed by stacking multiple layers of the structure 102A along the hole axis direction (Y direction).

[0042] Next, as shown in Figure 15(B), the uppermost structure 102A is fixed to the ground with a grid 400, and then the excavated hole 300 outside the structure 102A is backfilled with excavated soil. Note that the means for fixing the uppermost structure 102A to the ground is not limited to the grid 400; for example, concrete may be used.

[0043] Then, as shown in Figure 15(C), while excavating the ground, structures 102A and 101A are assembled to construct the second retaining wall structure 102 and the first retaining wall structure 101, and the excavation continues to a predetermined depth. After fixing the uppermost structure 102A with a crisscross 400, corrugated steel plates 4 are placed at the lower end of the lowest structure 102A along the circumferential direction (X direction) of the wall surface of the excavation hole 300, and these corrugated steel plates 4 are bolted to the lowest corrugated steel plate 4, and adjacent corrugated steel plates 4 in the circumferential direction (X direction) are bolted to each other to construct the structure 102A. In addition, concrete or mortar is filled between the corrugated steel plates 4 and the excavation hole 300 as backfill material. Then, as shown in Figures 3 and 13, vertical beams 6 made of H-shaped steel are provided on the inner surface side of the corrugated steel plates 4 along the hole axis direction (Y direction) of the excavation hole 300. The vertical beams 6 are attached to the reinforcing members 5 by welding or bolting. As shown in Figure 3, the vertical beams 6 are arranged facing each other in the circumferential direction (X direction) of the second earth retaining structure 102. Then, bracing beams 7 are placed between the opposing vertical beams 6, and both ends of the bracing beams 7 in the longitudinal direction are welded or bolted to the vertical beams 6. Note that the vertical beams 6 and bracing beams 7 are not necessarily required in the second earth retaining structure 102, and they may be omitted.

[0044] As shown in Figure 15(C), the first retaining wall structure 101 is constructed at the lower end of the second retaining wall structure 102 after the second retaining wall structure 102 has been constructed. Structure 101A is assembled by sequentially arranging retaining wall panels 1 and 2 along the circumferential direction (X direction) of the wall surface of the excavation hole 300, as shown in Figure 2. The retaining wall panels 1 and 2 arranged on the wall surface of the excavation hole 300 are bolted to the upper corrugated steel plate 4 or the upper retaining wall panel (1 or 2), and are also bolted to adjacent retaining wall panels (1 or 2) in the circumferential direction (X direction). The upper corrugated steel plate 4 or the upper retaining wall panel (1 or 2) and the lower retaining wall panel (1 or 2) are arranged in a staggered configuration, with their positions in the circumferential direction (X direction) being offset. At this time, as shown in Figure 8, the vertical beams 14 of the vertically adjacent earth retaining panels 2 are aligned in the circumferential direction (X direction) of the excavation hole 300 so that they are continuous along the hole axis direction (Y direction) of the excavation hole 300. Also, as shown in Figure 2, the vertical beams 14 of the earth retaining panels 2 are arranged facing each other in the circumferential direction (X direction) of the first earth retaining structure 101. Then, bracing 3 is placed between the opposing vertical beams 14, and both ends of the bracing 3 in the longitudinal direction are welded or bolted to the vertical beams 14.

[0045] In this manner, the first earth retaining structure 101 is constructed by stacking multiple layers of structure 101A along the hole axis direction (Y direction). Concrete or mortar is filled between the earth retaining panel 1 and the excavated hole 300 as backfill material.

[0046] Furthermore, the first retaining wall structure 101 and the second retaining wall structure 102 are not limited to the number of layers shown in the figures, and one or more layers are sufficient. Also, the retaining wall structure 100 according to this embodiment is not limited to having a second retaining wall structure 102 constructed of corrugated steel plates 4 and a first retaining wall structure 101 constructed of retaining wall panels 1, and although not shown in the figures, it may consist only of the first retaining wall structure 101 constructed of retaining wall panels 1 and 2.

[0047] Furthermore, the excavation hole 300 is not limited to a vertically positioned configuration; for example, the hole axis may be inclined. Also, the excavation hole 300 is not limited to a hole where the entire perimeter is a wall; for example, it may also include a shape where part of the wall is open. In addition, the earth retaining structure 100 is not limited to the rectangular configuration in plan view shown in Figures 1 to 3. The earth retaining structure 100 may be constructed in a circular or elliptical shape in plan view. In this case, the earth retaining panel 1 and corrugated steel plate 4 are formed in an arc shape in plan view. Also, the earth retaining structure 100 may be, for example, an oval shape like an oval or a U-shape like a horseshoe in plan view. The earth retaining panel 1 and corrugated steel plate 4 shall be constructed in a shape corresponding to the shape of the earth retaining structure 100.

[0048] As described above, the earth retaining panel 2 according to this embodiment comprises a skin plate 10 facing the wall surface of the excavation hole 300, a pair of main girders 11 provided at one opposing end of the skin plate 10, a pair of joint plates 12 provided at the other opposing end of the skin plate 10, and a vertical beam 14 provided inside the area enclosed by the skin plate 10, the main girders 11, and the joint plates 12, and having a plane to which the bracing 3 can be joined.

[0049] Furthermore, the earth retaining structure 100 according to this embodiment includes a first earth retaining structure 101 in which a structure 101A formed by arranging a plurality of earth retaining panels 1 and 2 along the wall surface of the excavation hole 300 is constructed in at least one stage in the hole axis direction (Y direction). The earth retaining panels 1 and 2 each have a skin plate 10 facing the wall surface of the excavation hole 300, a pair of main girders 11 provided at one opposing end of the skin plate 10, and a pair of joint plates 12 provided at the other opposing end of the skin plate 10. Of the plurality of earth retaining panels 1 and 2, at least some of the earth retaining panels 2 have vertical beams 14 that are provided inside the area surrounded by the skin plate 10, main girders 11, and joint plates 12, and have a plane to which bracing 3 can be joined. The vertical beams 14 are arranged facing each other in the circumferential direction of the excavation hole 300, and the vertical beams 14 facing each other are connected by bracing 3.

[0050] Therefore, in this embodiment, the retaining wall panel 2 and retaining wall structure 100 are provided with vertical beams 14 having a plane to which bracing 3 can be joined inside the area surrounded by the skin plate 10, main girder 11, and joint plate 12. As a result, the vertical beams 14 for joining the bracing 3 can be placed inside the excavation hole 300 without reducing the internal space of the excavation hole 300.

[0051] Although the retaining wall panel 2 and the retaining wall structure 100 have been described above based on embodiments, the configuration is not limited to the embodiments described above. The configuration of the retaining wall panel 2 and the retaining wall structure 100 described above is just an example, and some of the components may be omitted or other components may be included. Furthermore, the construction method of the retaining wall structure 100 described with reference to Figure 15 is just an example and is not limited to the embodiments described above. In short, the retaining wall panel 2, the retaining wall structure 100, and the construction method of the retaining wall structure 100 include design changes and variations in application that are normally performed by those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical concept.

[0052] The various aspects of this disclosure are summarized below as an appendix.

[0053] (Note 1) A retaining wall panel used to construct a retaining wall structure in an excavated hole formed by excavating the ground, A skin plate facing the wall surface of the aforementioned borehole, A pair of flat main girders are provided at one of the opposing ends of the skin plate, A pair of joint plates provided at the other opposing end of the skin plate, A retaining wall panel comprising: a skin plate, a main girder, and a joint plate, the skin plate, a vertical beam provided inside the enclosure, and having a plane to which bracing can be joined; and a vertical beam having a plane to which bracing can be joined.

[0054] (Note 2) The earth retaining panel according to Appendix 1, further comprising a shape-retaining member provided between a pair of main girders and maintaining the shape of the main girders.

[0055] (Note 3) The earth retaining panel according to Appendix 1 or 2, further comprising a main girder reinforcing member provided between the main girder and the longitudinal beam to reinforce the main girder.

[0056] (Note 4) The earth retaining panel according to any one of the appendices 1 to 3, wherein the vertical beam has a web and a first flange provided at one end of the web to which the bracing can be joined.

[0057] (Note 5) The earth retaining panel as described in Appendix 4, wherein the vertical beam further has a second flange provided at the other end of the web and positioned opposite the skin plate.

[0058] (Note 6) A retaining wall structure constructed by installing retaining wall panels in an excavation hole formed by excavating the ground, A structure formed by arranging a plurality of earth-retaining panels in a ring along the wall surface of the excavation hole comprises a first earth-retaining structure constructed in at least one stage in the direction of the hole axis, The earth retaining panel comprises a skin plate facing the wall surface of the excavation hole, a pair of main girders provided at one opposing end of the skin plate, and a pair of joint plates provided at the other opposing end of the skin plate. Of the multiple earth retaining panels, at least some of the earth retaining panels have longitudinal beams that are provided inside the area enclosed by the skin plate, the main girder, and the joint plate, and have a plane to which bracing can be joined. The aforementioned vertical beams are arranged facing each other in the circumferential direction of the excavation hole, and the opposing vertical beams are connected to each other by the bracing, forming an earth retaining structure.

[0059] (Note 7) The structure formed by arranging multiple corrugated steel plates in a ring along the wall surface of the aforementioned borehole further comprises a second earth retaining structure constructed in at least one stage in the direction of the borehole axis. The first retaining wall structure is the retaining wall structure described in Appendix 6, which is constructed below the second retaining wall structure.

[0060] (Note 8) The corrugated steel plate is configured such that its corrugated cross-section is sine-curve-shaped, or bent to form a corrugated cross-section, as described in Appendix 7, for the earth-retaining structure.

[0061] (Note 9) A construction method for earth retaining structures described in any one of the appendices 6 to 8, When arranging a plurality of earth retaining panels sequentially along the wall surface of the excavation hole, the plurality of earth retaining panels are arranged and joined such that the vertical beams are continuous along the axial direction of the excavation hole and the vertical beams face each other in the circumferential direction of the excavation hole. A method for constructing an earth retaining structure, wherein the longitudinal beams facing each other in the circumferential direction of the excavated hole are connected by the bracing. [Explanation of symbols]

[0062] 1, 2 Earth retaining panel, 3 Bracing, 4 Corrugated steel plate, 5 Reinforcement member, 6 Longitudinal beam, 7 Bracing, 10 Skin plate, 11 Main girder, 11a Connecting hole, 12 Joint plate, 12a Connecting hole, 13 Shape-retaining member, 14 Longitudinal beam, 14a First flange, 14b Second flange, 14c Web, 15 Main girder reinforcement, 15a Through hole, 40 Circumferential flange section, 40a Connecting hole, 41 Axial flange section, 41a Connecting hole, 50 H-shaped steel, 50a Web, 50b Flange, 51 Joint plate, 52, 53 Bolt connection, 100 Earth retaining structure, 101 First earth retaining structure section, 101A Structure, 102 Second earth retaining structure section, 102A Structure, 200 Frame, 300 Excavation hole, 400 Grid.

Claims

1. A retaining wall panel used to construct a retaining wall structure in an excavated hole formed by excavating the ground, A skin plate facing the wall surface of the aforementioned borehole, A pair of flat main girders are provided at one of the opposing ends of the skin plate, A pair of joint plates provided at the other opposing end of the skin plate, A retaining wall panel comprising: a skin plate, a main girder, and a joint plate, the skin plate, a vertical beam provided inside the enclosure, and having a plane to which bracing can be joined; and a vertical beam having a plane to which bracing can be joined.

2. The earth retaining panel according to claim 1, further comprising a shape-retaining member provided between a pair of main girders and maintaining the shape of the main girders.

3. The earth retaining panel according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a main girder reinforcing member provided between the main girder and the longitudinal beam to reinforce the main girder.

4. The earth retaining panel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the vertical beam has a web and a first flange provided at one end of the web, to which the bracing can be joined.

5. The retaining panel according to claim 4, wherein the vertical beam further has a second flange provided at the other end of the web and positioned opposite the skin plate.

6. A retaining wall structure constructed by installing retaining wall panels in an excavation hole formed by excavating the ground, A structure formed by arranging a plurality of earth-retaining panels in a ring along the wall surface of the excavation hole comprises a first earth-retaining structure constructed in at least one stage in the direction of the hole axis, The earth retaining panel comprises a skin plate facing the wall surface of the excavation hole, a pair of main girders provided at one opposing end of the skin plate, and a pair of joint plates provided at the other opposing end of the skin plate. Of the multiple earth retaining panels, at least some of the earth retaining panels have longitudinal beams that are provided inside the area enclosed by the skin plate, the main girder, and the joint plate, and have a plane to which bracing can be joined. The aforementioned vertical beams are arranged facing each other in the circumferential direction of the excavation hole, and the opposing vertical beams are connected to each other by the bracing, forming an earth retaining structure.

7. The structure formed by arranging a plurality of corrugated steel plates in a ring along the wall surface of the aforementioned borehole further comprises a second earth retaining structure constructed in at least one stage in the direction of the borehole axis. The retaining wall structure according to claim 6, wherein the first retaining wall structure is constructed below the second retaining wall structure.

8. The earth retaining structure according to claim 7, wherein the corrugated steel plate has a configuration in which the corrugated cross section is formed in the shape of a sine curve, or a configuration in which the corrugated cross section is bent to form a angular wave shape.

9. A method for constructing an earth retaining structure as described in any one of claims 6 to 8, When arranging a plurality of earth retaining panels sequentially along the wall surface of the excavation hole, the plurality of earth retaining panels are arranged and joined such that the vertical beams are continuous along the axial direction of the excavation hole and the vertical beams face each other in the circumferential direction of the excavation hole. A method for constructing an earth retaining structure, wherein the longitudinal beams facing each other in the circumferential direction of the excavated hole are connected by the bracing.

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