Ophthalmic treatment apparatus and method using an independent pressure source

Abstract

To provide a favorable apparatus to adjust the fluid pressure applied to left and right cavities located over left and right eyes of a patient.SOLUTION: An apparatus can include a left cover, sized and shaped to fit over a left eye of a patient to define a left cavity between the left cover and an anterior surface of the left eye, and a right cover, sized and shaped to fit over a right eye of the patient to define a right cavity between the right cover and an anterior surface of the right eye. The apparatus can include a left pressure source to apply a left working fluid to the left cavity, the left pressure source capable of generating a left cavity pressure including a left negative gauge pressure, and a right pressure source to apply a right working fluid to the right cavity, the right pressure source capable of generating a right cavity pressure including a right negative gauge pressure. The left pressure source can be configured to generate a left cavity pressure independently of the right pressure source, and the right pressure source can be configured to generate a right cavity pressure independently of the left pressure source.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

Description

Background Art

[0001] Bilateral eye diseases such as glaucoma or bilateral eye diseases related to papilledema can deprive the patient of vision without their awareness if proper care is not taken. When it is possible to detect different intraocular pressure (IOP) levels in the patient's left and right eyes, for example, measurement of the patient's asymmetric IOP levels may indicate the presence of an eye disease and the need for different treatment regimens, such as different treatment regimens for each of the patient's left and right eyes. Since the progression of bilateral eye diseases can affect the patient's left and right eyes at different rates, a device capable of applying separate treatment protocols, such as different treatment protocols for each of the left and right eyes, can significantly improve the patient's outcome.

[0002] Dupps (Patent Document 1) refers to a system for characterizing the biomechanical properties of tissue, comprising an imaging system and a disturbing element including a transparent chamber and a pump.

[0003] Kang (Patent Document 2) refers to a mini-nebulizer for treating the eye, comprising a goggle unit having air holes and at least one air chamber communicating with the air holes and adapted to fit over the user's eye. The goggle unit is provided with a plurality of exhaust holes for discharging air.

[0004] Skiba (Patent Document 3) refers to a mask worn around the eye, the mask comprising one or more mist outlets and an atomizer for atomizing a drug so that the mist is discharged from the mist outlet to deliver the drug to one or both eyes.

[0005] Guillon (Patent Document 4) refers to an eye cover adapted to provide a sealed area around the user's eye, means for holding the eye cover in place, and means for supplying dry air to the eye cover.

Prior Art Documents

[0006] [Patent Document 1] U.S. Patent No. 7935058 [Patent Document 2] U.S. Patent No. 5807357 [Patent Document 3] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2002 / 0124843 [Patent Document 4] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007 / 0265505 [Overview of the Initiative]

[0007] Eye diseases such as glaucoma and optic disc edema affect more than 60 million people worldwide (aged 40-80), and the number of patients is estimated to increase to 110 million by 2040. While eye diseases are often bilateral (for example, affecting both eyes of a patient), glaucoma and optic disc edema often do not develop equally or at the same rate of progression in both eyes. In practice, treating eye diseases with two different treatment regimens, such as a left treatment regimen for the left eye and a right treatment regimen for the right eye, allows caregivers to customize treatment procedures to the patient's specific disease, significantly improving patient outcomes.

[0008] The inventors have recognized, in particular, that in the art there is a need for systems and methods that can apply treatment regimens to the eyes, such as applying a left treatment regimen to the left eye and a right treatment regimen to the right eye, or applying a left treatment regimen to the left eye and a right treatment regimen to the right eye simultaneously, in order to treat, suppress, or prevent eye diseases. The apparatus and methods described herein can control, such as establishing, adjusting, and maintaining, an eye environment over a patient's eye, such as at least one of a left eye environment over the patient's left eye or a right eye environment over the patient's right eye. In one example, the control of the left eye environment can be independent of the right eye environment, and the control of the right eye environment can be independent of the left eye environment. In one example, the eye environment may include a working fluid, which may include working fluid properties such as at least one of working fluid pressure or working fluid composition.

[0009] Treatment regimens can be adapted to the eye diseases of individual patients, such as by improving disease management that can improve patient outcomes through independent control of the left eye environment and the right eye environment, which are applied to the patient's left eye and the patient's right eye, respectively. This specification describes, in particular, control devices and methods for treating, suppressing or preventing eye diseases, such as the simultaneous independent control of the left eye environment over the patient's left eye and the right eye environment over the patient's right eye.

[0010] The device may include a left cover that is sized and shaped to fit over the left eye so as to define a left cavity between the left cover and the front of the patient's left eye, and a right cover that is sized and shaped to fit over the right eye so as to define a right cavity between the right cover and the front of the patient's right eye. The device may include a left pressure source that supplies left working fluid to the left cavity, such as a left pressure source configured to adjust the fluid pressure in the left cavity. The left pressure source can generate left cavity pressure, such as left cavity gauge pressure, including positive left cavity gauge pressure and negative left cavity gauge pressure. The device may include a right pressure source that supplies right working fluid to the right cavity, such as a right pressure source configured to adjust the fluid pressure in the right cavity. The right pressure source can generate right cavity pressure, such as right cavity gauge pressure, including positive right cavity gauge pressure and negative right cavity gauge pressure. The right pressure source can be separate from the left pressure source. For example, the left pressure source can be configured to generate left cavity pressure independently of the right pressure source, and the right pressure source can be configured to generate right cavity pressure independently of the left pressure source. When generating left cavity pressure in the left cavity using the left pressure source and generating right cavity pressure in the right cavity using the right pressure source, this device can apply different gauge pressures independently to the left and right eyes, for example, to improve the treatment of eye diseases by applying therapeutic pressure regimens to each of the left and right eyes.

[0011] The following is an overview of some non-limiting aspects of this subject. Embodiment 1 includes or can use subject matter (apparatus, system, device, method, means for performing multiple actions, or device-readable medium including multiple instructions that, when performed by a device, cause a device to perform multiple actions) such as an apparatus for applying treatment regimens to the eyes, such as applying a left treatment regimen to the left eye and a right treatment regimen to the right eye, or simultaneously applying a left treatment regimen to the left eye and a right eye treatment regimen to the right eye, in order to treat, suppress or prevent an eye disease. A left cover, sized and shaped to fit over the patient's left eye, can define a left cavity between the left cover and the front surface of the left eye. A left pressure source communicating with the left cavity can be configured to adjust the fluid pressure within the left cavity. A right cover, sized and shaped to fit over the patient's right eye, can define a right cavity between the right cover and the front surface of the right eye. A right pressure source communicating with the right cavity can be configured to adjust the fluid pressure within the right cavity. A control circuit coupled to at least one of the left pressure source or the right pressure source can be configured such that the left pressure source can adjust the fluid pressure in the left cavity independently of the right pressure source, and the right pressure source can adjust the fluid pressure in the right cavity independently of the left pressure source.

[0012] Embodiment 2 may include or use, or may optionally combine with the subject of Embodiment 1, a left cavity sensor communicating with the left cavity for detecting an indicator of the left eye environment within the left cavity, a right cavity sensor communicating with the right cavity for detecting an indicator of the right eye environment within the right cavity, and a redundant sensor configured to detect at least one of the indicators of the left eye environment, the indicator of the right eye environment, or an indicator of the relationship between the indicators of the left eye environment and the indicator of the right eye environment.

[0013] Embodiment 3 may include or use an apparatus in which a left cavity sensor includes a left pressure sensor for detecting an index of left pressure in the left cavity, a right cavity sensor includes a right pressure sensor for detecting an index of right pressure in the right cavity, and a redundant sensor includes a redundant sensor for detecting an index of the relationship between an index of the left eye environment and an index of the right eye environment, or may optionally include or use such an apparatus in combination with the subject of one or any combination of Embodiments 1 or 2.

[0014] Embodiment 4 may include or use an apparatus that includes a differential pressure sensor configured to detect the difference between an index of left pressure in the left cavity by a left differential pressure sensor and an index of right pressure in the right cavity by a right differential pressure sensor, or may optionally include or use such an apparatus in any combination of the subjects of Embodiments 1 to 3.

[0015] Embodiment 5 may include or use a redundant sensor including a differential signal sensor configured to detect the difference between a left pressure index from a left cavity sensor by a left differential signal sensor and a right pressure index from a right cavity sensor by a right differential signal sensor, or may optionally include or use such a redundant sensor in combination with any subject from Embodiments 1 to 4 or any combination thereof.

[0016] Embodiment 6 may include or use a system control circuit configured to receive and process at least one of the following: an index of the left eye environment in the left cavity, an index of the right eye environment in the right cavity, or an index of the relationship between the left eye environment and the right eye environment, or may optionally include or use such a control circuit in combination with any subject from Embodiments 1 to 5.

[0017] Embodiment 7 may include or use a control circuit that includes a left control circuit coupled to a left pressure source, capable of receiving and processing at least one of an indicator of the left eye environment or an indicator of the relationship between the left eye environment and the right eye environment, and a right control circuit that communicates with a right pressure source, capable of receiving and processing at least one of an indicator of the right eye environment or an indicator of the relationship between the left eye environment and the right eye environment, or may optionally include or use such a control circuit in combination with any subject from Embodiments 1 to 6.

[0018] Embodiment 8 may include or use, or may optionally include or use, a left control circuit, which includes a left control circuit configured to adjust a left pressure source to generate non-atmospheric pressure in the left cavity toward a left target cavity pressure in the left cavity, and a right control circuit, which includes a right control circuit, which includes a right pressure source configured to adjust a right pressure source to generate non-atmospheric pressure in the right cavity toward a right target cavity pressure in the right cavity, or may optionally combine with a subject from one or any combination of Embodiments 1 to 7 to include or use.

[0019] Embodiment 9 may include or use a left biosensor configured to communicate with a left control circuit and detect at least one of the following: an indicator of left intraocular pressure (IOP) in the left eye or an indicator of cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) in the patient; and a right biosensor configured to communicate with a right control circuit and detect at least one of the following: an indicator of right IOP in the right eye or an indicator of CSFP in the patient, or may optionally include or use such a biosensor in any combination of the subjects of Embodiments 1 to 8.

[0020] Embodiment 10 may include or use, or may optionally include or use, a subject from one or any combination of Embodiments 1 to 9, for use with a left control circuit, which includes a left control circuit configured to receive an indicator of the left IOP and to adjust the left pressure source to generate non-atmospheric pressure toward a left target IOP level [G] based on the received left IOP indicator, and a right control circuit, which includes a right control circuit configured to receive an indicator of the right IOP and to adjust the right pressure source to generate non-atmospheric pressure toward a right target IOP level based on the received right IOP indicator.

[0021] Embodiment 11 may include or use a left control circuit that can be configured to generate non-atmospheric pressure toward a left target IOP level and includes a left target IOP level in the range of approximately 10 mmHg to approximately 21 mmHg in the left eye, and a right control circuit that can be configured to generate non-atmospheric pressure toward a right target IOP level and includes a right target IOP level in the range of approximately 10 mmHg to approximately 21 mmHg in the right eye, or may optionally include or use such a circuit in combination with any subject from Embodiments 1 to 10.

[0022] Embodiment 12 includes or may include, or may optionally combine with the subject of one or any combination of embodiments 1 to 11, to optionally include or use, a left control circuit configured to adjust a left pressure source to generate non-atmospheric pressure in the left cavity so as to equalize the index of the left translaminar pressure gradient (TLPG) related to the left eye, wherein equalizing the index of the left TLPG includes reducing the index of the left TLPG from a first left TLPG level to a lower second left TLPG level, and a right control circuit configured to adjust a right pressure source to generate non-atmospheric pressure in the right cavity so as to equalize the index of the right TLPG related to the right eye, wherein equalizing the index of the right TLPG includes reducing the index of the right TLPG from a first right TLPG level to a lower second right TLPG level.

[0023] Embodiment 13 includes or can include, or can optionally include, a left control circuit, which includes a left control circuit configured to adjust a left pressure source to generate non-atmospheric pressure in the left cavity to improve an indicator of axonal transport in the left optic nerve of the left eye, and a right control circuit, which includes a right control circuit, which includes a right pressure source configured to adjust a right pressure source to generate non-atmospheric pressure in the right cavity to improve an indicator of axonal transport in the right optic nerve of the right eye, or can optionally be combined with any subject from one or any combination of Embodiments 1 to 12 to optionally include or use, wherein improving the indicator of axonal transport includes increasing the rate of axonal transport from a first axonal transport level to a higher second axonal transport level.

[0024] Aspect 14 includes or can use a left control circuit configured to adjust a left pressure source to generate a non-atmospheric pressure in a left cavity so as to treat, suppress or prevent an eye disease of the left eye, and a right control circuit configured to adjust a right pressure source to generate a non-atmospheric pressure in a right cavity so as to treat, suppress or prevent an eye disease of the right eye, or can optionally include or use and can optionally be combined with the subject matter of one or any combination of Aspects 1 to 13 for inclusion or use.

[0025] Aspect 15 includes or can use a left passive cavity check valve configured to limit the left pressure in the left cavity communicating with the left cavity to a left cracking pressure, and a right passive cavity check valve configured to limit the right pressure in the right cavity communicating with the right cavity to a right cracking pressure, or can optionally include or use and can optionally be combined with the subject matter of one or any combination of Aspects 1 to 14 for inclusion or use.

[0026] Aspect 16 can include or use a subject matter (such as an apparatus, a system, a device, a method, a means for performing an act, or a device-readable medium including a plurality of instructions that can cause a device to perform a plurality of operations when executed by the device, etc.), or can optionally include or use a method of using the apparatus, and can optionally be combined with the subject matter of one or any combination of Aspects 1 to 15 for the purpose of including or using. The apparatus can include a left cover sized and shaped to fit over the left eye so as to define a left cavity between the left cover and the front surface of the patient's left eye, a left pressure source configured to adjust the fluid pressure within the left cavity and in communication with the left cavity, a right cover sized and shaped to fit over the right eye so as to define a right cavity between the right cover and the front surface of the patient's right eye, and a right pressure source configured to adjust the fluid pressure within the right cavity and in communication with the right cavity. The left pressure source is configured to adjust the fluid pressure within the left cavity independently of the right pressure source, and the right pressure source is configured to adjust the fluid pressure within the right cavity independently of the left pressure source. The method can include the step of receiving, by the apparatus, at least one of an indicator of the left eye environment, an indicator of the right eye environment, an indicator of the intraocular pressure (IOP) within the left eye, an indicator of the right IOP within the right eye, or an indicator of the cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) within the patient. The method can include the step of adjusting at least one of the left pressure source to generate a non-atmospheric pressure within the left cavity based on at least one of the received indicators, or the right pressure source to generate a non-atmospheric pressure within the right cavity based on at least one of the received indicators.

[0027] Embodiment 17 includes or can be used a method in which the step of receiving an indicator includes receiving an indicator of the left eye environment, including an indicator of left cavity pressure; the step of adjusting a pressure source includes adjusting a left pressure source based on the indicator of left cavity pressure; the step of receiving an indicator includes receiving an indicator of the right eye environment, including an indicator of right cavity pressure; and the step of adjusting a pressure source includes adjusting a right pressure source based on the indicator of right cavity pressure, or can be optionally included or used in combination with the subject of one or any combination of embodiments 1 to 16.

[0028] Embodiment 18 includes or can use a method in which the step of receiving an indicator includes receiving an indicator of the left IOP, the step of adjusting a pressure source includes adjusting a left pressure source based on the indicator of the left IOP, the step of receiving an indicator includes receiving an indicator of the right IOP, and the step of adjusting a pressure source includes adjusting a right pressure source based on the indicator of the right IOP, or can optionally include or use such a method in combination with any subject matter of one or any combination of Embodiments 1 to 17.

[0029] Embodiment 19 includes or can be used a method in which the steps of receiving an indicator include receiving an indicator of the left cavity pressure and the left IOP, adjusting a pressure source includes adjusting the left pressure source based on the indicators of the left cavity pressure and the left IOP, receiving an indicator includes receiving an indicator of the right cavity pressure and the right IOP, and adjusting a pressure source includes adjusting the right pressure source based on the indicators of the right cavity pressure and the right IOP, or can be optionally included or used in combination with the subject of one or any combination of embodiments 1 to 18.

[0030] Embodiment 20 includes or may use a method which includes, or may optionally include or use, a subject from one or any combination of embodiments 1 to 18 for, the indices of, the left translaminar pressure difference (TPD) related to the left eye, the pressure source adjustment step which includes adjusting the left pressure source to equalize the left TPD indices, the indices of, the right TPD related to the right eye, the pressure source adjustment step which includes adjusting the right pressure source to equalize the right TPD indices, and equalizing the TPD indices which includes lowering the TPD indices from a first TPD level to a lower second TPD level.

[0031] Embodiment 21 includes or can use a subject (apparatus, system, device, method, means for performing multiple actions, or device-readable medium including multiple instructions which, when performed by the device, cause the device to perform multiple actions) such as an apparatus for adjusting the fluid pressure applied to at least one of the left cavity located above the patient's left eye or the right cavity located above the patient's right eye, in order to treat, suppress or prevent eye diseases. The apparatus may include a differential sensor that communicates with the left cavity and the right cavity and is configured to detect at least one of the following: an index of the left eye environment in the left cavity, an index of the right eye environment in the right cavity, or an index of the relationship between the index of the left eye environment and the index of the right eye environment. The apparatus may include a control circuit that communicates with a system sensor and is configured to receive and process at least one of the following: an index of the left eye environment in the left cavity, an index of the right eye environment in the right cavity, or an index of the relationship between the index of the left eye environment and the index of the right eye environment.

[0032] Embodiment 22 may include or use at least one of the following, coupled to a system control circuit: a left cavity sensor for detecting an indicator of the left eye environment in the left cavity, or a right cavity sensor for detecting an indicator of the right eye environment in the right cavity, coupled to a system control circuit, or may optionally be included or used in combination with the subject matter of Embodiment 21.

[0033] Embodiment 23 may include or use a differential sensor, which includes a differential pressure sensor configured to detect the difference between an index of left pressure in the left cavity detected by a left differential pressure sensor and an index of right pressure in the right cavity detected by a right differential pressure sensor, or may optionally include or use a differential sensor, which may optionally be combined with the subject of one or any combination of Embodiments 21 or 22.

[0034] Embodiment 24 may include or use a differential sensor that includes a differential signal sensor configured to detect the difference between a left pressure index detected by a left differential signal sensor and a right pressure index detected by a right differential signal sensor from a right pressure sensor, or may optionally include or use a differential sensor that includes or uses a differential sensor that includes or may optionally be used in combination with one or any combination of the subjects from Embodiments 21 to 23.

[0035] Embodiment 25 may include or use a pressure source configured to apply non-atmospheric pressure to at least one of the left cavity or the right cavity, and communicating with at least one of the left cavity or the right cavity, or may optionally include or use such a pressure source in combination with any subject from Embodiments 21 to 24 or any combination thereof.

[0036] Embodiment 26 may include or use a pressure source configured to apply non-atmospheric pressure to the left cavity and the right cavity, or may optionally include or use such a pressure source in combination with any subject from Embodiments 21 to 25.

[0037] Embodiment 27 may include or use a left cavity valve, which communicates with the left cavity and is configured to adjust an indicator of the left pressure in the left cavity, and a right cavity valve, which communicates with the right cavity and is configured to adjust an indicator of the right pressure in the right cavity, or may optionally include or use such a valve in combination with one or any combination of the subjects from Embodiments 21 to 26.

[0038] Embodiment 28 may include or use a left valve including at least one of a passive left valve or an active left valve, and a right valve including at least one of a passive right valve or an active right valve, or may optionally include or use such a valve with a subject from one or any combination of embodiments 21 to 27.

[0039] Embodiment 29 may include or use a left cavity valve including an active left cavity valve configured to adjust a left pressure index based on at least one of the indices received by a system control circuit, and a right cavity valve including an active right cavity valve configured to adjust a right pressure index based on at least one of the indices received by a system control circuit, or may optionally include or use such a valve in combination with one or any combination of the subjects from Embodiments 21 to 28.

[0040] Embodiment 30 includes or may use a left biosensor configured to detect at least one of an indicator of left intraocular pressure (IOP) in the left eye or an indicator of intrapatient cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP), communicating with a system control circuit, and a right biosensor configured to detect at least one of an indicator of right IOP in the right eye or an indicator of intrapatient CSFP, communicating with a system control circuit, or may optionally include or use such a biosensor in one or any combination of the subjects from Embodiments 21 to 29, wherein the left cavity valve includes an active left cavity valve configured to adjust the left pressure indicator based on at least one of the indicators received from the left biosensor, and the right cavity valve includes an active right cavity valve configured to adjust the right pressure indicator based on at least one of the indicators received from the right biosensor.

[0041] Embodiment 31 may include or use a system control circuit that includes a left control circuit configured to receive an index of the left IOP and adjust the left pressure in the left cavity toward a left target IOP level by an active left valve based on the received index of the left IOP, and a right control circuit configured to receive an index of the right IOP and adjust the right pressure in the right cavity toward a right target IOP level by an active right valve based on the received index of the right IOP, or may optionally include or use such a system control circuit in any combination of the subjects of Embodiments 21 to 30.

[0042] Embodiment 32 may include or use a left control circuit configured to adjust the left pressure in the left cavity by a left active valve to equalize the index of the left transcribate pressure difference (TPD) related to the left eye, wherein equalizing the index of the left TPD includes lowering the index of the left TPD from a first left TPD level to a lower second left TPD level, and a right control circuit configured to adjust the right pressure in the right cavity by a right active valve to equalize the index of the right TPD related to the right eye, wherein equalizing the index of the right TPD includes lowering the index of the right TPD from a first right TPD level to a lower second right TPD level, or may optionally include or use such a control circuit in combination with any subject from Embodiments 21 to 31 or any combination thereof.

[0043] Embodiment 33 includes or may use a left control circuit configured to adjust the left pressure in the left cavity with a left active valve sufficient to improve an indicator of axonal transport in the left optic nerve of the left eye, and a right control circuit configured to adjust the right pressure in the right cavity with an active right valve sufficient to improve an indicator of axonal transport in the right optic nerve of the right eye, or may optionally include or use such a left control circuit in any combination of the subjects of Embodiments 21 to 32, wherein improving the indicator of axonal transport includes increasing the rate of axonal transport from a first axonal transport level to a higher second axonal transport level.

[0044] Embodiment 34 may include or use a system control circuit that includes a left control circuit configured to adjust the left pressure in the left cavity by an active left valve to treat, suppress or prevent an eye disease of the left eye, and a right control circuit configured to adjust the right pressure in the right cavity by an active right valve to treat, suppress or prevent an eye disease of the right eye, or may optionally include or use such a system control circuit in any combination of the subjects of Embodiments 21 to 33.

[0045] Embodiment 35 may include or use a passive left valve communicating with a left cavity and configured to limit the left pressure in the left cavity to a left cracking pressure, and a passive right valve communicating with a right cavity and configured to limit the right pressure in the right cavity to a right cracking pressure, or may optionally include or use such a valve in combination with any one or any combination of the subjects from Embodiments 21 to 34.

[0046] Embodiment 36 may include or use a subject (such as an apparatus, system, device, method, means for performing a plurality of operations, or a device-readable medium including a plurality of instructions that, when executed by the device, cause the device to perform a plurality of operations), or may optionally include or optionally combine with one or any combination of subjects from Embodiments 21 to 35 to use a method for using the apparatus. The apparatus may include a system sensor including a left pressure sensor communicating with the left cavity for detecting an index of left pressure in the left cavity, a right pressure sensor communicating with the right cavity for detecting an index of right pressure in the right cavity, and redundant sensors; a system control circuit communicating with the system sensor and configured to receive and process at least one of the left pressure index or the right pressure index; an active left valve communicating with the left cavity and communicating with the system control circuit; and an active right valve communicating with the right cavity and communicating with the system control circuit. The method may include the step of detecting an index of left pressure in the left cavity and an index of right pressure in the right cavity using the system sensor. This method may include the step of adjusting at least one of the active left valve based on the detected left pressure index, or the active right valve based on the detected right pressure index.

[0047] Embodiment 37 may include or use a left biosensor configured to detect at least one of an index of left intraocular pressure (IOP) in the left eye or an index of intrapatient cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP), communicating with a system control circuit, and a right biosensor configured to detect at least one of an index of right IOP in the right eye or an index of intrapatient CSFP, communicating with a system control circuit, or may optionally include or use such a biosensor in any combination of the subjects of Embodiments 21 to 36, wherein the method includes a step of adjusting at least one of an active left valve or an active right valve, adjusting the active left valve based on at least one of an index received from the left biosensor, or adjusting at least one of an active right valve based on at least one of an index received from the right biosensor.

[0048] Embodiment 38 includes or may use a method in which the step of adjusting at least one of an active left valve or an active right valve includes adjusting at least one of the active left valve to change the left pressure toward a left target IOP level based on an index of a received left IOP, or adjusting the right pressure toward a right target IOP level based on an index of a received right IOP, or may optionally include or use such a method in combination with any subject from one or any combination of Embodiments 21 to 37.

[0049] Embodiment 39 includes or may include, or may optionally combine, a subject from one or any combination of Embodiments 21 to 38 for the inclusion or use of, a method comprising the step of adjusting at least one of the active left valve or active right valve, the active left valve to equalize the index of the left transcribate pressure difference (TPD) related to the left eye, or the active right valve to equalize the index of the right TPD related to the right eye, wherein equalizing the TPD index comprises reducing the TPD index from a first TPD level to a lower second TPD level.

[0050] Embodiment 40 includes or may be used a method in which the step of adjusting at least one of the active left valve or the active right valve includes adjusting the active left valve to achieve a left pressure in the left cavity sufficient to improve the index of axonal transport in the left optic nerve of the left eye, or adjusting the active right valve to achieve a right pressure in the right cavity sufficient to improve the index of axonal transport in the right optic nerve of the right eye, wherein improving the index of axonal transport includes increasing the rate of axonal transport from a first axonal transport level to a higher second axonal transport level, or may be optionally included or used in combination with the subject of one or any combination of embodiments 21 to 39.

[0051] Embodiment 41 may include or use a subject (such as an apparatus, system, device, method, means for performing multiple actions, or a device-readable medium containing multiple instructions that, when executed by the device, cause the device to perform multiple actions), such as an apparatus for limiting the fluid pressure levels applied to the patient's left and right eyes. The apparatus may include a pressure source configured to adjust an index of fluid pressure in the left cavity and the right cavity, communicating with the left cavity located above the left eye and the right cavity located above the right eye. The apparatus may include a differential sensor configured to detect at least one of the following: an index of the left eye environment in the left cavity, an index of the right eye environment in the right cavity, or an index of the relationship between the index of the left eye environment and the index of the right eye environment, communicating with the left and right cavities.

[0052] Embodiment 42 may include or use at least one of the following: a left cavity sensor coupled to the left cavity for detecting an indicator of the left eye environment within the left cavity, or a right cavity sensor coupled to the right cavity for detecting an indicator of the right eye environment within the right cavity, or may optionally be included or used in combination with the subject matter of Embodiment 41.

[0053] Embodiment 43 may include or use an apparatus that includes a differential pressure sensor configured to detect the difference between an index of left pressure in the left cavity detected by a left differential pressure sensor and an index of right pressure in the right cavity detected by a right differential pressure sensor, or may optionally include or use such an apparatus in any combination of the subjects of Embodiment 41 or 42.

[0054] Embodiment 44 may include or use an apparatus that includes a differential signal sensor configured to detect the difference between a left pressure index from a left cavity sensor by a left differential signal sensor and a right pressure index from a right pressure sensor by a right differential signal sensor, or may optionally include or use such an apparatus in combination with any subject from one or any combination of embodiments 41 to 43.

[0055] Embodiment 45 may include or use a system control circuit configured to communicate with a pressure source to receive and process at least one of the following: an index of the left eye environment in the left cavity, an index of the right eye environment in the right cavity, or an index of the relationship between the index of the left eye environment and the index of the right eye environment, or may optionally include or use such a control circuit in combination with any subject from Embodiments 41 to 44 or any combination thereof.

[0056] Embodiment 46 includes or can be used an apparatus in which an index of the left eye environment includes an index of left pressure in the left cavity, an index of the right eye environment includes an index of right pressure in the right cavity, and an index of the relationship between the left eye environment and the right eye environment includes an index of the difference between the left pressure index and the right pressure index, or can be optionally included or used in combination with any subject from one or any combination of embodiments 41 to 45.

[0057] Embodiment 47 may include or use a system control circuit that includes a pressure source circuit configured to adjust the operation of the pressure source based on at least one of the received indicators, or may be optionally included or used in combination with one or any combination of the subjects from Embodiments 41 to 46.

[0058] Embodiment 48 may include or use a pressure source circuit that includes a pressure source logic circuit configured to cause a system failure based on at least one of the received indicators, or may optionally include or use such a pressure source circuit in combination with any subject from Embodiments 41 to 47.

[0059] Embodiment 49 may include or use a pressure source circuit that includes a pressure source circuit configured to cause a system failure in at least one of the cases where the left pressure index exceeds the left pressure safety level or the right pressure index exceeds the right pressure safety level, or may optionally include or use such a pressure source circuit in combination with any subject from Embodiments 41 to 48 or any combination thereof.

[0060] Embodiment 50 includes or can be used an apparatus in which an index of the relationship between the left eye environment and the right eye environment includes an index of the difference between an index of left pressure and an index of right pressure, and the pressure source circuit includes a pressure source circuit configured to cause a system failure when the index of the difference exceeds a safety level of pressure difference between the left pressure and the right pressure, or can be optionally included or used in combination with the subject of one or any combination of embodiments 41 to 49.

[0061] Embodiment 51 may include or use a left valve communicating with a left cavity and configured to limit the fluid pressure in the left cavity to a left pressure safety level, and a right valve communicating with a right cavity and configured to limit the fluid pressure in the right cavity to a right pressure safety level, or may optionally include or use such a valve in combination with one or any combination of the subjects from Embodiments 41 to 50.

[0062] Embodiment 52 includes or can use left and right valves, or can optionally combine with any subject from Embodiments 41 to 51, to optionally include or use left pressure safety level or right safety pressure level, in the range of about -50 mmHg to about 50 mmHg gauge.

[0063] Embodiment 53 includes or can use left and right valves, or can optionally combine with any subject from Embodiments 41 to 52, to include or use, at least one of the left pressure safety level or the right safety pressure level, in the range of about -35 mmHg to about 35 mmHg gauge.

[0064] Embodiment 54 includes or can use a left valve and a right valve, or can optionally combine with a subject from any combination of embodiments 41 to 53 to include or use a left valve and a right valve, or optionally include or use a left valve and a right valve.

[0065] Embodiment 54 includes or can use a left valve and a right valve, or can optionally include or use a subject from one or any combination of embodiments 41 to 53 to include or use an active valve, either the left valve or the right valve.

[0066] Embodiment 56 may include or use a subject (such as an apparatus, system, device, method, means for performing multiple operations, or a device-readable medium including multiple instructions that, when executed by the device, cause the device to perform multiple operations), or may optionally include or optionally combine with one or any combination of subjects from Embodiments 41 to 55 to use a method for using the apparatus. The apparatus may comprise a pressure source communicating with a left cavity located above the patient's left eye and a right cavity located above the patient's right eye, and a system sensor including a left cavity sensor for detecting an index of the left eye environment in the left cavity, a right cavity sensor for detecting an index of the right eye environment in the right cavity, and a redundant sensor for detecting the relationship between the index of the left eye environment and the index of the right eye environment. The method may include a step of using the system sensor to detect an index of left pressure in the left cavity and an index of right pressure in the right cavity. The method may include a step of limiting the pressure applied to the left cavity and the right cavity by the pressure source.

[0067] Embodiment 57 includes or can use a method that includes at least one of a left passive valve communicating with a left cavity or a right passive valve communicating with a right cavity, or can be optionally combined with any subject from Embodiments 41 to 56 or any combination thereof to include or use, wherein the step of limiting pressure includes selecting at least one of a left cracking pressure of a left passive valve or a right cracking pressure of a right passive valve.

[0068] Embodiment 58 includes or can use a method that includes at least one of a left active valve communicating with a left cavity and a right active valve communicating with a right cavity, or can be optionally combined with any subject from one or any combination of embodiments 41 to 57 to include or use, wherein the step of limiting pressure includes opening at least one of the left active valve or the right active valve based on at least one of a detected left pressure index or a detected right pressure index.

[0069] Embodiment 59 includes or may use a method which includes opening at least one of the left active valve or the right active valve based on the difference between a detected left pressure index and a detected right pressure index, or may optionally include or use such a method in combination with any subject from Embodiments 41 to 57 or any combination thereof.

[0070] Embodiment 60 may include or use a method in which the step of limiting pressure includes adjusting the operation of a pressure source based on at least one of a detected left pressure index or a detected right pressure index, or may optionally include or use such a method in combination with any subject from Embodiments 41 to 57 or any combination thereof.

[0071] This summary is intended to provide an overview of the subject matter of this patent application. It is not intended to provide an exclusive or exhaustive description of the invention. A more detailed description is included to provide further information relating to this patent application.

[0072] In drawings that are not necessarily drawn to an accurate scale, similar numbers may represent similar components in different drawings. Similar numbers with different letter suffixes may represent different examples of similar components. The drawings schematically illustrate the various embodiments discussed herein, not as limitations but as examples. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0073] [Figure 1] An example of a device that controls the environment above a patient's eye is shown by at least one example of this disclosure. [Figure 1A] An example of a device including an example of a manual pressure source is shown, according to at least one example of the present disclosure. [Figure 2A-2B]The image shows a side view of an example of a positive pressure cavity check valve in the closed and open positions, according to at least one example of the present disclosure. [Figure 3A-3B] The image shows a side view of an example of a negative pressure cavity check valve in a closed position and an open position, according to at least one example of the present disclosure. [Figure 4] An example of a check valve assembly is shown according to at least one example of the present disclosure. [Figure 5A] An example of a conduit, such as a first double-lumen conduit, is shown according to at least one example of this disclosure. [Figure 5B] An example of a conduit, such as a second double-lumen conduit, is shown according to at least one example of this disclosure. [Figure 5C] An example of a conduit, such as a third double-lumen conduit, is shown according to at least one example of this disclosure. [Figure 6] An example of a device capable of controlling the left eye environment over a patient's left eye and the right eye environment over a patient's right eye is shown by at least one example of the present disclosure. [Figure 7] A schematic diagram of an example device that may include sensors such as redundant sensors, according to at least one example of this disclosure, is shown. [Figure 8] This is an example of a device that can independently control the left eye environment above the patient's left eye and the right eye environment above the patient's right eye using a single pressure source. [Figure 9] A schematic diagram of an example of a device that can control the ocular environment above a patient's eye using at least one of a main pressure source, a left pressure source, or a right pressure source is shown. [Figure 10] A schematic diagram of a second example of a device is shown, which can control the eye environment above the patient's eye via a one-way valve that communicates with the main pressure source. [Figure 11] A schematic diagram of a third example of a device capable of controlling the eye environment above the patient's eye by a main pressure source and a one-way valve communicating with at least one of the left cavity valve or the right cavity valve is shown. [Figure 12] This example demonstrates how to use a device to receive an indicator and adjust the pressure source based on the received indicator. [Figure 13]This example demonstrates a method for using a device to detect indicators and adjust a valve based on those indicators. [Figure 14] This example demonstrates how to use a device to detect indicators and limit the pressure applied to the cavity. [Figure 15] An example block diagram of a computer that can be used as a control circuit is shown. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0074] Figure 1 shows an example of a device 100 for controlling the environment above a patient's eye. In one example, the patient's eye may include the organs of the visual system, a portion of the organs such as the anterior surface of the eye, and the surrounding tissue. The device 100 may include a cover 110, a fluid regulator 120, a sensor 130, a control circuit 140, and a pressure source 150.

[0075] The cover 110 can be sized and shaped to surround the eye and be positioned at a distance from the eye without contacting the eye, including the front of the eye. The cover 110 can be sized and shaped to surround and cover both of the patient's eyes, such as the left and right eyes. In one example, the cover 110 may include a mask such as a cover 110 that is similar in shape and function to a diving or snorkeling mask. The cover 110 may include a lens portion 182 to allow the patient to look outward through the cover 110, or to allow observation of the inside of the eye, such as the external structure of the eye including the cornea or the intraocular structure of the eye including the retina, through the cover 110. The lens portion 182 can serve as a corrective lens for the patient, such as to correct astigmatism. The lens portion 182 may include a lens blank, such as an A8 lens blank, which can be shaped as a prescription lens for the patient. The lens portion 182 may include a replaceable lens portion 182, for example, the first lens portion of the device 100 may be replaced with a second lens portion to change the lens magnification presented to the patient. The inner surface of the lens portion 182 may be treated with an anti-fog coating or the like to prevent condensation from obscuring the patient's vision.

[0076] The cover 110 can define a sealed cavity 112, for example, when it is positioned over the eye and in contact with the patient. The cavity 112 can define a sealed cavity 112 over both eyes, for example, when the cover 110 includes a mask positioned over the patient's left eye and right eye. In one example, the cavity 112 can define a spatial volume, such as a spatial volume defined between the inner surface 188 of the cover 110 and the front surface of the patient's eye. The cavity 112 can contain a working fluid, such as a liquid or gaseous fluid, which can form an eye environment in contact with the patient's eye. In one example, the eye environment can be used to characterize the physiological state of the patient's eye, and for example, the eye environment may include physiological components, such as biomarkers released from the eye. Information detected by the device 100, such as biomarkers detected from the working fluid in the cavity 112, can provide patient information to medical professionals for purposes such as diagnosing eye diseases related to the patient's eye. In one example, the eye environment can be used to treat a patient's eye, for instance, the device 100 can adjust the eye environment to change at least one of the pressure or working fluid composition within the cavity 112 in order to treat an eye disease.

[0077] An eye disease can describe an eye condition, such as a physiological state of the eye, that may affect a patient's vision. An eye disease may include at least one of the following: acute eye diseases, such as eye diseases that may persist over periods measured in seconds, minutes, or days; or chronic eye diseases, such as eye diseases that may persist over periods measured in days, weeks, months, or years. For example, an eye disease may include abnormal eye conditions such as pathological eye conditions. Examples of pathological eye conditions include at least one of the following: glaucoma, papilledema such as optic nerve head edema, Fuchs dystrophy, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration such as exudative or atrophic macular degeneration, cataracts, dry eye, corneal infection, meibomian gland disease, demodectic mange, corneal dilation, or periorbital laxity.

[0078] The device 100 can act on eye diseases by exposing the patient's eye, including the anterior portion of the eye, to the ocular environment within the cavity 112. For example, glaucoma can be treated, suppressed, or prevented by exposing the eye to an ocular environment containing negative gauge pressure. For example, optic nerve head edema can be treated, suppressed, or prevented by exposing the eye to an ocular environment containing positive gauge pressure. For example, aerobic eye infections can be treated, suppressed, or prevented by exposing the eye to an aerobic environment (e.g., an oxygen-free environment) to address the underlying cause of the aerobic eye infection.

[0079] By exposing the eye to the environment within the cavity 112, the device 100 can act on one or more eye diseases, for example, simultaneously. For example, if a patient may have one or more eye diseases such as glaucoma and optic disc edema, the device 100 can treat, suppress, or prevent multiple eye diseases by exposing the patient's eye to an eye environment that includes a negative gauge pressure aerobic eye environment, such as a negative pressure environment for treating glaucoma and an aerobic environment for treating an aerobic eye infection.

[0080] The visual environment can be defined by indicators of working fluid characteristics, such as indicators of working fluid characteristics within the cavity 112. Examples of working fluid characteristics include the working fluid flow within the cavity 112, such as the working fluid volume flow rate including at least one of the volume flow rate entering or leaving the cavity 112; the working fluid humidity within the cavity 112, such as the relative humidity of the working fluid within the cavity 112; the working fluid temperature within the cavity 112; the working fluid pressure within the cavity 112, such as the working fluid gauge pressure within the cavity, which includes the pressure difference between the working fluid pressure within the cavity and the atmospheric pressure of the environment surrounding the cavity; or the working fluid composition within the cavity 112, such as the working fluid composition measured by at least one of the constituent fluid concentration or partial fluid pressure.

[0081] The cover 110 can retain the working fluid for the patient, such as by contacting the anterior portion of the patient's eye and forming an ocular environment within the cavity 112. Exposing the patient's eye to the ocular environment can act as an eye treatment, such as at least one of the following: a diagnostic procedure of the eye, such as a diagnostic examination, or a therapeutic procedure of the eye, such as treating, suppressing, or preventing eye-related eye diseases. For example, an eye treatment could be at least one of the following: exposing the eye to the working fluid pressure within the cavity 112, such as applying force to the anterior portion of the eye, or exposing the eye to the working fluid composition within the cavity 112, such as a working fluid consisting of one or more constituent fluids, including one or more therapeutic fluids.

[0082] The cover 110 can maintain the gauge pressure within the cavity 112, such as the fluid pressure difference between the working fluid in the cavity and the ambient atmosphere. For example, the gauge pressure can be defined as the pressure difference between the working fluid pressure in the cavity 112 and the atmospheric pressure surrounding the cover 110. When the working fluid pressure in the cavity 112 is higher than atmospheric pressure, a positive gauge pressure can result in a compressive working fluid force on the front of the eye, such as increasing the intraocular pressure (IOP) inside the eye. When the working fluid pressure in the cavity 112 is lower than atmospheric pressure, a negative gauge pressure can result in a negative (i.e., "vacuum") working fluid force on the front of the eye, such as decreasing the IOP inside the eye.

[0083] The working fluid force applied to the front of the eye may include a perturbation force, such as a force for diagnostic testing, which can be applied to the front of the eye for a period of time sufficient to allow measurement of the deflection of the eye from a first position to a second position. For example, applying a perturbation force for a period of time measured in seconds or minutes may be sufficient for deflection measurement. The perturbation force may be generated by positive gauge pressure in the cavity 112 to apply a positive perturbation force to the eye, such as to reduce the curvature of the eye for diagnostic testing, including diagnostic measurements. The perturbation force may be generated by negative gauge pressure in the cavity 112 to apply a negative perturbation force to the eye, such as to increase the curvature of the eye for diagnostic testing, including diagnostic measurements.

[0084] The force applied to the front of the eye can include therapeutic forces, such as the force applied to the front of the eye for a sufficient period to treat an eye disease, including acute or chronic eye diseases. For example, applying therapeutic forces over a period measured in days, weeks, months, or years may be applied depending on the eye disease being treated. Therapeutic forces can be generated by positive gauge pressure to apply a positive therapeutic compressive force to the eye, such as increasing intraocular pressure (i.e., IOP) to suppress, treat, or prevent eye diseases, including optic disc edema. Therapeutic forces can also be generated by negative gauge pressure to apply a negative therapeutic force to the eye, such as decreasing IOP to suppress, treat, or prevent eye diseases, including glaucoma.

[0085] The working fluid may consist of one or more constituent fluids, such as a combination of one or more liquids or gases. The working fluid may include a combination of two constituent fluids, such as a combination of gaseous nitric oxide or gaseous carbon dioxide. The constituent fluids may include therapeutic fluids, for example, components of which may be absorbed through the eye to suppress, treat, or prevent eye diseases. For example, the working fluid may include a combination of nitrogen and nitric oxide, for example, the nitric oxide component may be absorbed through the surface of the eye to promote vasodilation of blood vessels in the eye to treat eye diseases, including glaucoma.

[0086] The therapeutic fluid may include gaseous therapeutic fluids such as hydrocarbons including carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), nitric oxide (NO), ozone (O3), nitrogen (N2), helium (He), fluorocarbons and perfluorocarbons, sulfur hexafluoride, cannabinoids including tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), and combinations of two or more gaseous therapeutic fluids. For example, the therapeutic gas may include a mixture of at least one of carbon dioxide, oxygen, or nitric oxide for treating eye diseases, etc. For example, the therapeutic gas may include a mixture of nitric oxide and oxygen including a mixture of 50% nitric oxide and 50% oxygen, a mixture of helium and oxygen (also known as heliox), and medical air including medical grade air USP. For example, a therapeutic gas mixture may include a mixture of nitric oxide and oxygen, such as a mixture of 50% nitric oxide and 50% oxygen, including the gas from The BOC Group plc under the trade name ENTONOX, for treating eye diseases, etc. For example, a therapeutic gas combination may include a mixture of helium and oxygen, such as a mixture of 21% oxygen and 79% helium, also known as Heliox, for treating eye diseases, etc. For example, a therapeutic gas combination may include a mixture of at least one of fluorine or chlorine, for treating eye diseases, including eye infections, etc. For example, a therapeutic gas combination may include at least one of the following: a mixture containing oxygen at a volume fraction lower than ambient air, such as a mixture containing O2 at a volume fraction of less than approximately 21%, or a mixture containing oxygen at a volume fraction higher than ambient air, such as a mixture containing O2 at a volume fraction greater than approximately 21%, for treating aerobic eye infections, etc.

[0087] The therapeutic fluid may include a liquid therapeutic fluid such as a therapeutic solution. The therapeutic solution may include a solvent such as water (H2O) and a solute such as a therapeutic solute. The therapeutic solute may include at least one of the following: vitamin A, B vitamins such as riboflavin (vitamin B2), vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, beta-carotene, zinc, lutein, or folic acid. The therapeutic solution can be converted from a liquid therapeutic fluid to a gaseous therapeutic fluid by a nebulizer or atomizer that forms a therapeutic mist or fog so that it is delivered to the cavity 112 and comes into contact with the patient's eye. In one example, the patient's eye may be exposed to a gaseous therapeutic fluid such as a therapeutic mist containing vitamin A to achieve a first therapeutic outcome, such as the treatment of a corneal ulcer. In another example, the patient's eye may be exposed to a gaseous therapeutic fluid such as a therapeutic mist containing riboflavin to achieve a second therapeutic outcome, such as promoting corneal crosslinking to treat keratoconus, and then exposed to enhanced energy such as ultraviolet light.

[0088] The cover 110 may include a first port 114. The first port 114 may be located on the surface of the cover 110, for example, extending from the outer surface 187 of the cover 110 to the inner surface 188 of the cover 110 to allow access to the eye environment within the cavity 112. The first port 114 may include a septum, such as a flexible septum, located above the first port 114 to isolate the cavity 112 from the surrounding environment. The flexible septum can maintain a gauge pressure within the cavity 112, such as at least one of positive or negative gauge pressure.

[0089] The flexible diaphragm may include a resealable diaphragm, such as one formed from a self-sealing material that includes a self-sealing polymer material capable of allowing insertion and withdrawal of an instrument into and out of the cavity 112 through the diaphragm while maintaining the gauge pressure within the cavity 112. In one example, the resealable diaphragm allows a subcutaneous injection needle to be inserted and withdrawn through the resealable diaphragm while maintaining the gauge pressure within the cavity 112 (e.g., positive or negative gauge pressure). For example, the resealable diaphragm allows a subcutaneous injection needle to be positioned close to the eye, such as to bring a therapeutic fluid into contact with the eye, while maintaining the gauge pressure within the cavity 112.

[0090] The flexible diaphragm may include a measuring diaphragm, such as a diaphragm that allows a sensor, such as sensor 130, to detect an indicator of the eye environment within the cavity 112 without contacting the eye environment. In one example, a pressure sensor may be positioned to contact a measuring diaphragm covering the first port 114 of the cover 110 in order to detect an indicator of the working fluid pressure within the cavity 112 through the pressure measuring diaphragm.

[0091] The cover 110 may include a second port 116 extending from the outer surface 187 to the inner surface 188 of the cover 110. In one example, the second port 116 can connect the cavity 112 to a pressure source 150 via a conduit 117 or the like.

[0092] The cover 110 may include a seal 119 to improve patient comfort when the device 100 is attached, such as by providing a contact surface between the cover 110 and the patient, including a cover-patient contact surface. The seal can also function as a barrier, such as by isolating the eye environment within the cavity 112 from the surrounding environment. The seal 119 can be attached around the cover 110, such as on at least a portion of the cover 110. In one example, the seal 119 may extend continuously around the cover to form a sealing surface between the cover 110 and the patient, such as by isolating the volume portion of the cavity 112 from the surrounding environment.

[0093] The device 100 may include a cavity check valve 189. The cavity check valve 189 may be located in the device 100 so as to communicate with the cavity 112 in at least one of the cover 110, including any face of the cover 110, the conduit 117, the control circuit 140, or the pressure source 150. In one example, the cavity check valve 189 may be located in close proximity to the first port 114, such as in, above, or above the first port 114.

[0094] The cavity check valve 189 can limit the working fluid pressure applied to the cavity 112. In one example, the cavity check valve 189 can be used as a safety valve to ensure that the pressure inside the cavity 112 does not exceed a cavity pressure level that could cause eye damage. In another example, the cavity check valve 189 can limit the pressure inside the cavity 112 to a target cavity pressure level.

[0095] The cavity check valve 189 may include a cracking pressure, such as a characteristic of the cavity check valve 189, that can control the initiation of fluid flow through the valve. For example, the cracking pressure may indicate the inlet pressure level of the cavity check valve 189 at which fluid flow through the cavity check valve 189 can be initiated. The working fluid pressure in the cavity 112 can be limited to a target cavity pressure level by selecting or setting the cracking pressure of the cavity check valve 189, for example, by selecting or setting the cracking pressure of the cavity check valve 189 to be equal to a target cavity pressure level.

[0096] The cavity check valve 189 may include a passive cavity check valve such as a flapper valve or a poppet valve. The cracking pressure of a passive cavity check valve can be adjusted by changing the dimensions or components of the passive cavity check valve. For example, the cracking pressure of a flapper cavity check valve can be adjusted by changing at least one of the following: the dimensions of the flapper check valve (e.g., length, width, thickness), the materials of the flapper check valve (e.g., type of material, material durometer, single-layer or multi-layer material, valve stiffness), or the flapper check valve hinge. For example, the cracking pressure of a poppet cavity check valve can be adjusted by changing at least one of the dimensions of the poppet valve (e.g., spring stiffness, poppet diameter).

[0097] Figures 2A and 2B show side views of an example of a positive pressure cavity check valve, such as a flapper valve, configured to control the pressure in the cavity 112 to a positive target cavity pressure level. The positive target cavity pressure level may be specified by a medical professional for purposes such as treating, suppressing, or preventing eye diseases. The positive pressure cavity check valve may be located on the cover 110, such as on the outer surface 187 of the cover 110, to allow the positive pressure working fluid to flow from the cavity 112 to the ambient environment.

[0098] As shown in Figure 2A, the cavity check valve 189 can be in a closed position, so that, for example, the working fluid cannot escape from the cavity 112 through the cavity check valve 189 to the surrounding environment. In the closed position, the device 100 can maintain a positive gauge pressure environment within the cavity 112, such as a positive gauge pressure level lower than the positive target cavity pressure level. The positive target cavity pressure level can be controlled by setting the cracking pressure of the positive pressure cavity check valve to be equal to the positive target cavity pressure level, for example.

[0099] As shown in Figure 2B, the cavity check valve 189 can be in an open position, allowing the working fluid to exit the cavity 112 through the cavity check valve 189 into the surrounding environment, for example, when the positive gauge pressure in the cavity 112 is equal to or greater than the positive target cavity pressure level. In the open position, the device 100 can limit the positive gauge pressure environment in the cavity 112 to a pressure level approximately equal to the positive target cavity pressure level, for example, to protect the eyes from excessive working fluid pressure.

[0100] Figures 3A and 3B show side views of an example of a negative pressure cavity check valve, such as a flapper valve, configured to control the pressure in the cavity 112 to a negative target cavity pressure level. The negative target cavity pressure level may be specified by a medical professional for purposes such as treating, suppressing, or preventing eye diseases. The negative pressure cavity check valve may be located on the cover 110, such as on the inner surface 188 of the cover 110, to allow fluid from the ambient environment to flow into the cavity 112 from the ambient environment.

[0101] As shown in Figure 3A, the cavity check valve 189 can be in a closed position, so that, for example, ambient fluid cannot enter the cavity 112 from the ambient environment through the cavity check valve 189. In the closed position, the device 110 can maintain a negative gauge pressure environment in the cavity 112, such as a negative gauge pressure level higher than the negative target cavity pressure level. The negative target cavity pressure level can be controlled by setting the cracking pressure of the negative pressure cavity check valve to be equal to the negative target cavity pressure level, for example.

[0102] As shown in Figure 3B, the cavity check valve 189 can be in an open position, allowing ambient fluid to enter the cavity 112 from the ambient environment through the cavity check valve 189, for example, when the negative gauge pressure in the cavity 112 is below the negative target cavity pressure level. In the open position, the device 100 can limit the negative gauge pressure environment in the cavity 112 to a pressure level approximately equal to the negative target cavity pressure level, for example, to prevent potential eye damage due to excessive working fluid pressure.

[0103] If a patient's eye condition changes, such as improving or worsening, a healthcare professional may adjust the prescribed treatment regime, such as by changing at least one of a positive or negative target cavity pressure level. The device 100 may include a check valve assembly 190, such as a replaceable check valve assembly 190 for adjusting the target cavity pressure level within the cavity 112. For example, the device 100, which includes a first check valve assembly containing a first cavity check valve with a first cracking pressure set to a first target pressure level, may be replaced with a second check valve assembly containing a second cavity check valve with a second cracking pressure set to a second target pressure level, such as to embody a change in the prescribed patient treatment regime, such as by changing the target cavity pressure level.

[0104] Figure 4 shows a side view of an example of a check valve assembly 190, such as a flapper check valve assembly, in the open position. The cavity check valve assembly 190 may include a base 192 having a first surface 193, a second surface 194 parallel to the first surface 193, a base peripheral portion 195 extending from the first surface 193 to the second surface 194, and a base port 196 extending from the first surface 193 to the second surface 194 through the base 192, and a cavity check valve 189 located on the first surface 193 above the base port 196, such as at least a portion of the base port 196.

[0105] The check valve assembly 190 can be located in the device 100 in communication with the cavity 112, over at least one of the cover 110, conduit 117, control circuit 140, or pressure source 150, including any face of the cover 110. The cavity check valve assembly 190 can be located in contact with the cover 110, for example, the base peripheral portion 195 can be in contact with at least a portion of the cover 110, for example, at least one of the face of the port 114, outer surface 187, or inner surface 188. The cavity check valve assembly 190, such as a positive pressure check valve assembly, can be configured to control the pressure in the cavity 112 to a positive target cavity pressure level, for example, the check valve assembly 190 can be located in the port 114 so that the cavity check valve 189 can be located outside the cavity 112. A cavity check valve assembly 190, such as a negative pressure check valve assembly, can be configured to control the pressure in the cavity 112 to a negative target cavity pressure level. For example, the check valve assembly 190 can be located in port 114 so that the cavity check valve 189 can be located inside the cavity 112.

[0106] Referring again to Figure 1, the fluid regulator 120 can regulate the fluid flow rate between two reservoirs, such as the fluid flow rate between the cavity 112 and the fluid source 170, such as a pressurized gas cylinder. The fluid regulator 120 may include a regulator valve that regulates the flow rate between the first reservoir and the second reservoir. The regulator valve may include a passive valve, such as a check valve, that closes when the pressure exceeds a critical value. In one example, the fluid regulator 120 with a check valve may be located between the cover 110 and the fluid source 170, and if the pressure of the fluid source 170 exceeds a critical value, such as a pressure that could cause damage to the patient's eye, the check valve may close to isolate the pressure of the fluid source 170 from the patient's eye, for example, to protect the patient's eye from excessive force. The regulator valve may include an active valve, such as an electrically operated valve including a servo valve, or a proportional valve, such as a piezoelectric proportional valve. In one example, the regulator valve can receive control signals from a control circuit 140 or the like to adjust the position of the electrically-modulated spool relative to the valve body, for example, to regulate the fluid flow rate through the electrically operated valve.

[0107] The fluid regulator 120 can be attached to the fluid source 170 to adjust the flow rate of fluid from the fluid source 170 to the cavity 112, etc. The fluid source 170 may include a fluid container such as a storage container for pressurized gaseous fluid. The fluid source 170 may include a generating device such as an apparatus for concentrating or distilling a constituent fluid from another fluid. In one example, the generating device may include a concentrator such as an oxygen concentrator or a carbon dioxide concentrator. In another example, the generating device may include an atomizer such as an ultrasonic humidifier or an aerosolizer that converts a liquid therapeutic fluid such as a mistable solution or colloidal suspension into a gaseous working fluid such as a therapeutic mist or fog.

[0108] The fluid regulator 120 can communicate with the device 100, for example, the fluid regulator 120 can communicate with the cavity 112. In one example, the fluid regulator 120 can be connected to the cover 110 by a conduit 117 that communicates directly with the cover 110 through a second port 116. In another example, the fluid regulator 120 can be connected to the conduit 117 that communicates with the cover 110 by a tube connector 118 such as a Y connector. In another example, the fluid regulator 120 can be connected to the control circuit 140 to receive control signals from the control circuit 140 to adjust the position of the servo valve.

[0109] The sensor 130 can detect indicators of the ocular environment within the cavity 112, such as at least one of the characteristics of the working fluid within the cavity 112 or indicators of the patient's physiological parameters. The sensor 130 may include sensor circuits, such as a sensor circuit that receives the physical parameter indicators detected by the sensor 130, processes the received indicators, and converts them into indicators including electrical signals suitable for reception by at least one of the control circuit 140 or the pressure source 150.

[0110] The sensor 130 can be located close to the device 100, such as communicating with the cavity 112 or being at least partially attached to the patient. In one example, the sensor 130 may be separate from the device 100. For example, the sensor 130 may include a handheld pressure gauge, such as being pressed against a measuring diaphragm located above the port 114 to detect an indicator of the working fluid pressure in the cavity 112. In one example, the sensor 130 can be fluidly communicating with the cavity 112, for example, the sensor 130 can be located within the cavity 112 or located on the control circuit 140 in fluid communication with the cavity 112. In one example, the sensor 130 can be at least partially attached to the patient, such as the surface of the eye including the anterior surface of the eye, or patient tissue covering the skull, including tissue over the frontal bone, parietal bone, sphenoid bone, temporal bone, zygomatic bone, maxilla, occipital bone, and mandible. For example, the sensor 130 may include an electroretinography device, part of which may include electrodes attached to patient tissue to detect indicators of electrical activity within the patient, including electrical activity related to pattern electroretinography (i.e., PERG) examination. The sensor 130 can communicate with the device, such as at least one of the control circuit 140 or the pressure source 150. The sensor 130 can provide at least one of continuous or periodic (e.g., intermittent) detection of the working fluid for monitoring indicators of the ocular environment by the sensor 130, or indicators of patient-related physiological parameters such as IOP or CSFP.

[0111] Sensor 130 may include a flow sensor, such as a device that detects an indicator of working fluid flow rate, including at least one of volumetric flow rate or mass flow rate, entering or leaving the cavity 112. Sensor 130 may include a humidity sensor, such as a device that detects an indicator of the relative humidity of the working fluid in the cavity 112. Sensor 130 may include a thermometer, such as a device that detects an indicator of the temperature of the working fluid in the cavity 112. Sensor 130 may include a displacement sensor, such as a device that detects an indicator of displacement, including an optical coherence tomography apparatus configured to detect displacement of structures related to a patient's eye.

[0112] The sensor 130 may include a pressure sensor, such as a device that detects an indicator of the working fluid pressure in the cavity 112. The pressure sensor can be located in close proximity to the cavity 112, such as by communicating with the cavity 112. In one example, the pressure sensor can be located inside the cavity 112.

[0113] The static cavity pressure level within the cavity 112, such as the pressure level detected by the pressure sensor when the pressure source 150 is not adjusting the working fluid pressure within the cavity 112, can be the same at any point within the cavity 112. The dynamic cavity pressure level, such as the pressure level detected by the pressure sensor when the pressure source 150 is adjusting the working fluid pressure within the cavity 112, can be changed depending on the position of the pressure sensor communicating with the cavity 112.

[0114] Sensor 130 may include a pressure sensor combined with another indicator, such as an indicator of the operating state of the pressure source 150, to estimate the static cavity pressure level in the cavity 112. For example, a pressure sensor such as a pressure-flow sensor may be placed close to the pressure source 150, such as at the inlet or outlet port of the pressure source 150, and capable of measuring both working fluid pressure (static and dynamic) and working fluid flow rate at the measurement location, including a circuit such as a sensor circuit that detects an indicator of dynamic pressure at the location of the pressure sensor and receives an indicator of the operating state of the pressure source 150, including an indicator of flow rate (for example, pump speed may be proportional to flow rate). The pressure-flow sensor may process at least one of the indicator of dynamic pressure or an indicator of flow rate to generate a control signal that the pressure source 150 can receive to achieve a static cavity pressure such as a target pressure level in the cavity 112. The control signal may be based on a relationship between an indicator of dynamic pressure and an indicator of flow rate, such as a relationship between pressure and flow rate, including a relationship described by a pQ (e.g., pressure-flow rate) chart that can take into account the operating characteristics of the pressure source 150.

[0115] In one example, the pressure sensor may be positioned close to the pressure source 150. The control circuit 140 may be configured to receive an index of dynamic pressure from the pressure sensor and an index of the operating status of the pressure source 150, including an index of pump speed. The control circuit 140 may process at least one of the index of dynamic pressure or the index of the operating status of the pressure source 150 in order to form a control signal that the pressure source 150 can receive to achieve a static cavity pressure level, such as a target pressure level, in the cavity 112.

[0116] Sensor 130 may include concentration sensors such as devices that detect indicators of chemical components in the working fluid. For example, the concentration sensor may be configured to detect indicators of the therapeutic fluid, such as one of the following: (CO2), oxygen (O2), nitric oxide (NO), ozone (O3), nitrogen, helium (He), hydrocarbons including fluorocarbons and perfluorocarbons, sulfur hexafluoride, cannabinoids including tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), or a combination of therapeutic gases.

[0117] Sensor 130 may include a biomarker sensor, such as a device that detects indicators of biomarkers in a working fluid containing biomarkers emitted from or detected within the patient's eye. The biomarkers may indicate the physiological state of the eye, such as the state of distress at a site where medical intervention may be necessary. The biomarker sensor may include a volatile gas sensor, such as a quartz crystal nanobalance (QCN) sensor, which detects indicators of ketones in the working fluid. The biomarker sensor may include a glucose sensor, such as an optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging system, which detects indicators of blood glucose levels within the patient. The biomarker sensor may include an oxygen sensor, such as a non-invasive optical oxygen sensor, which detects indicators of oxygen in the patient's eye or in the working fluid. The biomarker sensor may include a salinity sensor, such as one that detects indicators of dissolved salts in the patient's eye or in the working fluid. Biomarker sensors may include aptamer-based sensors that detect indicators of vascular endothelial growth factor (i.e., VEGF) in the patient's eye or in the working fluid. Biomarker sensors may include enzyme sensors that detect enzymes, including matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MPP-9) enzyme, in the patient's eye or in the working fluid. Biomarker sensors may include protein sensors that detect proteins, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein, in the patient's eye or in the working fluid.

[0118] Sensor 130 may include a biosensor, such as a sensor configured to detect indicators of patient-related physiological parameters. These physiological parameters may include indicators of patient-related physiological processes, such as processes related to the patient's eye or processes related to the physiological activity of the patient's eye. For example, the physiological parameters may include at least one of the following: an indicator of intraocular pressure (IOP) in the patient's eye (e.g., IOP level), an indicator of patient-related cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) (e.g., CSFP level), or an indicator of cardiac activity, such as at least one of systemic blood pressure or heart rate. The physiological parameters may also include indicators of retinal activity, such as those measured by an electroretinography device, including a pattern electroretinography (i.e., PERG) device.

[0119] The control circuit 140 can enable and adjust the operation of the device 100. For example, the control circuit 140 can be coupled to at least one of the fluid regulator 120, sensor 130, pressure source 150, or fluid source 170, such as by communicating with it.

[0120] The control circuit 140 may include a data interface configured to receive signals, such as at least one of the indicators of the eye environment detected by the sensor 130. For example, the detected indicators may include at least one of the indicators of the eye environment, such as the indicators detected from the sensor 130, or an indicator of the relationship between the indicators of the left eye environment and the indicators of the right eye environment. The control circuit 140 may process the received signals to obtain processed signals and transmit the processed signals to one or more components of the device 100. The control circuit 140 may communicate with the fluid regulator 120, for example, to adjust the position of the regulator valve to control the working fluid composition. The control circuit 140 may communicate with the sensor 130, for example, to receive and process indicators of the eye environment, including detection data from the sensor 130. The control circuit 140 may communicate with the pressure source 150, for example, to adjust at least one of the working fluid pressure or working fluid flow rate in the device 100.

[0121] The control circuit 140 may provide a communication interface to enable the user to operate and interact with the device 100. The communication interface may include a graphical user interface (i.e., GUI) that transmits information to the user, including information about the device 100 (e.g., readings of detected indicators, fault status, etc.), or receives information from the user. The information received from the user may include information for managing the basic functions of the device 100, such as circulating power to the device 100, or at least one of user preference indicators, such as operating parameters including target levels that define a treatment protocol, and safety parameters such as maximum and minimum limits. For example, the communication interface may receive a safety pressure level, such as at least one of the maximum or minimum pressure levels in the cavity 112 selected by the user to prevent injury to the patient's eye.

[0122] The control circuit 140 may include a data acquisition unit (i.e., DAC) that monitors and records indicators such as indicators of the eye environment detected by the sensor 130. The control circuit 140 can monitor and record the indicators of the eye environment over a period of time such as seconds, minutes, hours, days, years, or the patient's lifespan.

[0123] The control circuit 140 may include a processing unit such as a programmable central processing unit (CPU). The CPU can execute a number of instructions that carry out a method of using the device 100 for purposes such as treating, suppressing, or preventing a patient's eye disease. For example, the CPU may be a component of a computer such as a computer 1500.

[0124] The CPU can be configured as a control circuit, such as a feedback control circuit. The feedback control circuit can receive information such as at least one of the following: an indicator detected by the sensor 130, an indicator of user preference from the communication interface, or an indicator of a processed signal including a signal processed by the CPU, and can process the detected indicator in order to form a control signal.

[0125] The CPU can be configured as a pressure feedback control circuit, for example, by generating a control signal (for example, a pressure source control signal) for the pressure source 150 to adjust the pressure level in the cavity 112 based on an indicator of the cavity pressure level from a pressure sensor communicating with the cavity 112.

[0126] In one example, the pressure source control signal may be based on an indicator of cavity pressure, such as the pressure in the cavity 112, to achieve a target pressure level in the cavity 112. The pressure feedback control circuit can receive an indicator of the working fluid pressure in the cavity 112, such as an indicator of the cavity pressure level detected by a sensor 130, which includes a pressure sensor communicating with the cavity 112. The pressure feedback control circuit can process the received pressure level indicator to form a control signal, such as a control signal that adjusts the pressure source 150 to achieve a target pressure level in the cavity 112.

[0127] Processing of received pressure indicators may include calculating indicators such as the difference between a cavity pressure level indicator and a user preference indicator, including the cavity pressure setpoint level received from the communication interface to form an indicator of the cavity pressure difference value. Processing of received indicators may also include generating a control signal based on the cavity pressure difference value indicator using a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm executed by the CPU to adjust the pressure source 150. Generating a control signal may include generating a control signal that minimizes the difference between the received pressure level indicator and the cavity pressure setpoint level.

[0128] In one example, the pressure source control signal may be based on indicators of patient-related physiological parameters, such as an indicator of IOP in the patient's eye, in order to achieve a target IOP level in the patient's eye. The pressure feedback control circuit may receive an indicator of the IOP level in the patient's eye, such as an indicator of the IOP level detected by a sensor 130, which includes a biosensor configured to detect IOP. The pressure feedback control circuit may process the received IOP level indicator and form a control signal, such as a control signal that adjusts the pressure source 150 to achieve a target cavity pressure level in the cavity 112, such as a target cavity pressure level sufficient to achieve the target IOP level in the patient's eye.

[0129] Processing of received IOP indicators may include calculating the difference between the IOP level indicator and a user preference indicator, including the IOP setpoint level received from the communication interface, to generate an IOP difference value. Processing of received indicators may also include generating a control signal based on the IOP difference value using a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm executed by the CPU to adjust the pressure source 150. Generating a control signal may include generating a control signal that minimizes the difference between the received pressure level indicator and the cavity pressure setpoint level.

[0130] The CPU can be configured as a concentration feedback control circuit that generates regulator control signals to adjust the levels of chemical components within the cavity 112. In one example, the regulator control signal may be based on an indicator of a chemical component related to the working fluid, such as an indicator of nitric oxide (NO) concentration, to achieve a target NO concentration level in the working fluid. The concentration feedback control circuit can receive an indicator of the NO concentration level in the working fluid, such as an indicator of the NO level detected by a sensor 130, which includes a concentration sensor configured to detect NO. The concentration feedback control circuit can process the received NO level indicator to form a control signal, such as a control signal that adjusts the regulator 120 to achieve a target NO concentration level in the cavity 112.

[0131] Processing of the received NO concentration index may include calculating the difference between the NO concentration index and a user preference index, including the NO setpoint level received from the communication interface, to generate an NO difference value. Processing of the received index may also include generating a control signal based on the NO difference value. Processing of the received index may also include generating a control signal based on the NO difference value using a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm executed by the CPU to adjust the regulator 120. Generating the control signal may include generating a control signal that minimizes the difference between the received NO concentration index and the NO setpoint level.

[0132] The control circuit 140 may include a pressure source circuit, such as a pressure source circuit configured to adjust the operation of the pressure source 150 based on at least one of the indicators detected by the sensor 130. The pressure source circuit may include a pressure source logic circuit, such as a pressure source logic circuit configured to generate a system fault based on at least one of the detected indicators received at the data interface or the user-preferred indicators received through the communication interface. For example, the pressure source logic circuit may generate a system fault when a fault event occurs, such as when the indicator of cavity pressure in the cavity 112 exceeds a pressure safety level, such as a pressure safety level set by the user through the communication interface.

[0133] The control circuit 140 may include a power supply that provides electrical energy to the device 100. For example, the power supply may include a battery such as a lithium-ion battery and a transformer for receiving power from a wall outlet so that it is used in the device 100 at a specified voltage and current. The control circuit 140 may include heating elements that communicate with the therapeutic fluid, such as heating elements located on the surface of the cover 110, including the inner surface 188 of the cover 110, which raise the temperature of the therapeutic fluid.

[0134] The pressure source 150 can be configured to generate a volumetric fluid flow within the apparatus 100, for example, to move the working fluid from the pressure source 150 to the cavity 112, or to move the working fluid from the cavity 112 to at least one of the pressure source 150 or the surrounding environment. The pressure source 150 can be configured to apply non-atmospheric pressure to the cavity 112, for example, to adjust a fluid pressure indicator, including an indicator of the pressure level in the cavity 112, from a first pressure level to a second pressure level different from the first pressure level.

[0135] The pressure source 150 may include a pump capable of generating at least one of positive or negative gauge pressure. The pressure source 150 may include an electric pressure source, such as a pump including a positive displacement pump or a centrifugal pump. For example, the pressure source 150 may include a diaphragm vacuum pump. The pressure source 150 may include a manual pressure source, such as a hand pump including a bellows-style pump. In one example, the pressure source 150 may be incorporated into a component of the device 100, such as a cover 110.

[0136] Figure 1A shows an example of apparatus 101 including an example of a manual pressure source. In one example, apparatus 101 may include all the components of apparatus 100. Apparatus 101 may include a bellows cover 111, such as at least one of a left bellows cover 111A or a right bellows cover 111B; a cavity check valve 189, such as at least one of a left cavity check valve 189A or a right cavity check valve 189B; and a seal 119, such as at least one of a left seal 119A or a right seal 119B.

[0137] The bellows cover 111 can be sized and shaped to surround the patient's eye without contacting the eye, including the front of the eye, while also being positioned at a distance from the eye. The bellows cover 111 can be sized and shaped to surround and cover both of the patient's eyes, such as the left and right eyes. In one example, the bellows cover 111 may include a mask such as a bellows cover 111 that is similar in shape and function to a diving or snorkeling mask.

[0138] The bellows cover 111 may include a bellows portion, such as the portion of the bellows cover 111 between the lens 182 and the seal 119. The bellows portion may take a first bellows position, defined by a first bellows distance between the lens 182 and the seal 119. The bellows portion may take a second bellows position, such as a position displaced from the first bellows position. The bellows portion may exhibit resistance to movement, for example, requiring an external force to displace the bellows portion from the first bellows position to the second bellows position. The level of resistance to movement can be controlled through the selection of the bellows material and the design of the bellows portion, including the number of bellows folds. The bellows portion may exhibit elasticity, such as a tendency to return to an equilibrium position, including a force equilibrium position after the removal of an external force.

[0139] The second bellows position may include a compression bellows position that generates negative gauge pressure (e.g., a vacuum) over the patient's eye. In one example, the distance between the lens 182 and the seal 119 can be reduced from the first bellows position when a compressive force is applied to the bellows cover 111 to the compression bellows position, etc. As the bellows cover 111 moves from the first bellows position to the compression bellows position, the volume of the cavity 112 can be reduced, such as by increasing the working fluid pressure in the cavity 112, after which the cavity 112 can discharge a certain volume of working fluid through a check valve 189, etc. When the compressive force is removed, the bellows portion can recover by the elasticity of the bellows portion to a third bellows position, such as a position between the first bellows position and the compression bellows position, to create "suction" or negative gauge pressure over the patient's eye, etc.

[0140] The second bellows position may include an extended bellows position that generates positive gauge pressure (e.g., an increase in pressure compared to atmospheric pressure) over the patient's eye. In one example, the distance between the lens 182 and the seal 119 can be increased from the first bellows position to the extended bellows position, etc., when an expansion force is applied to the bellows cover 111. As the bellows cover 111 moves from the first bellows position to the extended bellows position, the volume of the cavity 112 can increase, such as by decreasing the working fluid pressure within the cavity 112, and the cavity 112 can then receive a certain volume of ambient air from the surrounding environment through a check valve 189, etc. When the external force is removed, the bellows portion can be restored by the elasticity of the bellows portion to a third bellows position, such as a position between the first bellows position and the extended bellows position, to "pressure" or generate positive gauge pressure over the patient's eye.

[0141] The pressure source 150 may include a pressurized gas cylinder or a separate pressurized fluid source from the device 100 that can be used to adjust the working fluid pressure in the cavity 112. The pressure source 150 may include a pressure source used in combination with an auxiliary device that adjusts the pressure in the cavity. In one example, the pressure source 150 may include a venturi-type pump, such as a venturi jet pump, in combination with a pressure source that adjusts the fluid pressure in the cavity 112.

[0142] The pressure source 150 can be characterized by its physical properties, such as the relationships between its physical characteristics. A useful criterion for comparing the performance of several sources of flow is the volume-pressure characteristic, such as the relationship between the volume of the working fluid flow from the flow source and the pressure, such as static pressure, resulting from the fluid flow. For example, the pressure source 150 can be characterized by its volume-pressure characteristics, such as a pQ chart.

[0143] The pressure source 150 can generate pressure within the cavity 112 to adjust the pressure within the cavity 112 to a target cavity pressure or to achieve a target cavity pressure within the cavity 112. The target cavity pressure may include a cavity pressure acting on a measurement procedure, including a diagnostic procedure, on the patient's eye. In one example, the pressure within the cavity 112 can be adjusted by the pressure source 150 toward a target cavity pressure, such as a first target cavity pressure acting on a first displacement in front of the patient's eye. An index of the first displacement can be detected by a sensor 130, which includes a displacement sensor. Subsequently, a second target cavity pressure can act on a second displacement in front of the patient's eye, such as an index of the second displacement, which can be detected by the displacement sensor. Physiological parameters, such as an index of IOP in the patient's eye, can be estimated from the difference in the index of displacement between the first target pressure and the second target pressure.

[0144] The target cavity pressure may include a cavity pressure acting on the treatment of the patient's eye, such as a cavity pressure directed by a medical professional to treat, suppress, or prevent an eye disease. In one example, the pressure in the cavity 112 can be adjusted by the pressure source 150 toward a target cavity pressure, such as a target cavity pressure acting on an indicator of physiological parameters of the patient's eye, including an indicator of the IOP level in the patient's eye, which can be detected by a sensor 130 including a biosensor configured to detect an indicator of IOP. The treatment of the patient's eye can be acted upon by the pressure source 150, for example, by adjusting the pressure source to achieve a target cavity pressure in the cavity 112 that acts on a desired indicator of the IOP level in the patient's eye.

[0145] The target cavity pressure may include the target IOP cavity pressure, such as the pressure applied to cavity 112 to achieve the target IOP level in the patient's eye. The target IOP cavity pressure may include the cavity pressure that can adjust or achieve the IOP level in the patient's eye, such as increasing or decreasing the IOP level in the patient's eye. The target IOP level may include IOP levels in the range of approximately 5 mmHg to approximately 30 mmHg, IOP levels in the range of approximately 10 mmHg to approximately 21 mmHg, and IOP levels in the range of approximately 12 mmHg to approximately 18 mmHg.

[0146] Translaminar pressure describes the pressure difference across the lamina cribrosa. The translaminar pressure difference (TPD) can be defined as the difference between the intraocular pressure in the patient's eye and the cerebrospinal fluid pressure in the patient's body. The translaminar pressure gradient (TPG), related to TPD, can be defined as the difference between IOP and CSFP per unit thickness of the lamina cribrosa. TPD indicators, such as TPD levels, can indicate the physiological health of the patient's eye, including the presence or absence of eye disease. Physiologically normal eyes, such as those of patients without eye disease, can be characterized by normal TPD levels, such as those in the range of approximately -4 mHg to approximately 4 mmHg. In contrast, abnormal eyes, such as those of patients with eye diseases including glaucoma, can be characterized by TPD levels that fall outside the normal TPD range, for example, such TPD levels may be below approximately -4 mmHg or above approximately 4 mmHg.

[0147] The target cavity pressure may include a target equalizing cavity pressure, such as the pressure applied to cavity 112 that can equalize the intraocular TPD level. The cavity pressure that can equalize the intraocular TPD level may include any pressure applied to cavity 112 that can reduce the intraocular TPD level, such as from a first TPD level to a second TPD level, including cases where the absolute value of the second TPD level may be less than the absolute value of the first TPD level.

[0148] The target cavity pressure may include the target transcribed pressure difference (TPD) cavity pressure, such as the pressure applied to cavity 112 that allows the target TPD level to be achieved within the patient's eye. The target TPD cavity pressure may include the pressure level applied to cavity 112 that is sufficient to adjust the TPD level of the patient's eye to a certain range, such as the target TPD level range. The target TPD level range may include TPD levels in at least one range between approximately -4 mmHg and approximately 4 mmHg, TPD levels in the range between approximately -7 mmHg and approximately 7 mmHg, or TPD levels in the range between approximately -10 mmHg and approximately 10 mmHg. For example, the normal TPD level range may include TPD levels in the range between approximately -4 mmHg and approximately 4 mmHg.

[0149] Adjusting TPD (transient palpebrae per minute) in a patient's eye, such as from a first TPD level to a second TPD level lower than the first, can improve physiological processes within the patient's eye, thereby enhancing the patient's eye health. Axonal transport, such as the collection of cellular processes that play a role in maintaining cell viability in the patient's optic nerve, may be adversely affected by elevated TPD, for example, if the TPD indicator in the patient's eye is not within the normal TPD level range. Indicators of axonal transport levels in the optic nerve can be detected by a sensor 130 including an axonal transport sensor. For example, the axonal transport sensor may include at least one of an optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging system or a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (CSLO) system.

[0150] The target cavity pressure may include the target axonal transport cavity pressure, such as the cavity pressure applied to cavity 112 to achieve the target axonal transport level within the patient's eye. The target axonal transport cavity pressure may include the cavity pressure that can improve (or increase) the index of axonal transport levels within the eye, such as from the first index of axonal transport level to the second index of axonal transport level, where the index of the second axonal transport level may be higher than the index of the first axonal transport level.

[0151] The rate of axonal transport can vary depending on the physiological components being transported. For example, "slow" axonal transport may represent the movement of cytoplasmic components along the axon, such as the cytoskeleton and soluble enzymes of intermediate metabolism. For slow-moving axonal transport components, the target axonal transport level may range from approximately 0.2 mm / day to approximately 2 mm / day. For example, "fast" axonal transport may represent the movement of mitochondrial polypeptides, such as synaptic vesicle polypeptides, and neuropeptides along the axon. For fast-moving axonal transport components, the target axonal transport level may range from approximately 50 mm / day to approximately 100 mm / day for mitochondrial polypeptides, and from approximately 100 mm / day to approximately 200 mm / day for neuropeptides.

[0152] The target cavity pressure may include a target therapeutic cavity pressure that treats, suppresses, or prevents ocular disease within the patient's eye. The target therapeutic cavity pressure for treating eye diseases may include a cavity pressure selected to adjust an index of physiological parameters, such as physiological parameters detected by the sensor 130. For example, adjusting an index of physiological parameters may include alleviating patient discomfort or other subjective symptoms, or improving patient function, such as patient function that has been reduced due to the eye disease or condition.

[0153] The target therapeutic cavity pressure for suppressing ocular disease may include a cavity pressure selected to maintain patient function, such as halting or delaying further decline in patient function due to the diagnosed ocular disease. For example, maintaining an indicator of patient function may include minimizing fluctuations in an indicator of physiological parameters of the patient's eye. For instance, the target therapeutic cavity pressure for suppressing ocular disease may include a cavity pressure selected to minimize fluctuations in an IOP indicator over a period of time.

[0154] The target therapeutic cavity pressure for preventing eye disease may include the cavity pressure selected as a preventive measure applied to the patient's eye before the onset of eye disease. For example, in patients exhibiting atypical characteristics of eye disease, such as an abnormal cup-to-disc ratio as a potential indicator of glaucoma, the device 100 can apply cavity pressure to the patient's eye at a pressure level suitable for the patient's physiological function, so that physiological processes do not progress to a clinical diagnosis of eye disease. Therefore, the target cavity pressure level may include a cavity pressure level sufficient to adjust the cup-to-disc ratio within the patient's eye from a first cup-to-disc ratio to a second cup-to-disc ratio lower than the first cup-to-disc ratio, in order to reduce the cup-to-disc ratio within the patient's eye.

[0155] The conduit 117 can provide a patient fluid transmission path between one or more components of the device 100, such as a continuously open fluid transmission path between the cavity 112 and the sensor 130 or between the cavity 112 and the pressure source 150. The conduit 117 may include one or more lumens.

[0156] Figure 5A shows a cross-section of an example of a conduit 117, such as a first double-lumen conduit. The first double-lumen conduit may include a first lumen 113A defined by a first lumen wall 115A and a second lumen 113B defined by a second lumen wall 115B, for example, the first lumen 115A may be located adjacent to the second lumen 115B. In one example, the first lumen 113A may provide a fluid passage between a pressure source 150 and a cavity 112, for example, the pressure source 150 may transfer working fluid through the lumen 113A to the cavity 112 in order to achieve a target cavity pressure level. In one example, the second lumen 113B can be used as a feedback signal to control the operation of the pressure source 150, and a fluid communication passage can be provided between the cavity 112 and a sensor 130, such as a working fluid pressure sensor located in the control circuit 140, so that the sensor 130 can detect an indicator of the cavity pressure level in the cavity 112.

[0157] Potential operational hazards of the device 100 include blockages of the conduit 117, such as a kink in the conduit 117, which could interrupt an open fluid transmission path. For example, a kink could include a blockage caused by bending force applied to the conduit 117, which could cause at least one of the first lumen 113A or the second lumen 113B to bend and collapse, for example, by a first portion of the inner surface of the lumen coming into contact with a second portion of the inner surface of the lumen, thus preventing fluid transmission through the lumen. A kink in the conduit 117 between the cavity 112 and a sensor 130, such as a working fluid pressure sensor located in the control circuit 140, could result in the pressure source 150 becoming uncontrollable, for example, the control circuit 140 could instruct the pressure source 150 to generate a cavity pressure level based on an incorrect indicator of the cavity pressure level from the sensor 130.

[0158] For example, a kink in the first lumen 113A could disrupt fluid communication between the cavity 112 and the working fluid pressure sensor, causing the working fluid pressure sensor to detect an incorrect indication of the cavity pressure level, including a state where there is no cavity pressure level (for example, an indication of a cavity pressure level of approximately 0 mmHg). An incorrect indication of the cavity pressure level could cause the control circuit 140 to instruct the pressure source 150 to adjust the fluid transfer to the cavity 112, such as increasing or decreasing it, to compensate for the cavity pressure level within the cavity 112 in order to achieve or maintain a target cavity pressure level. Continuous detection of incorrect indications of the cavity pressure level could cause the pressure source 150 to operate in a "runaway" (i.e., uncontrolled) state, potentially generating cavity pressure levels that could damage the patient's eye. To avoid a runaway condition, the conduit 117 may include one or more features designed to improve the safety of the device 100, such as operational safety of the device 100 resulting from blockage of the conduit 117.

[0159] Figure 5B shows a cross-section of an example of a second double-lumen conduit, such as a conduit 117, in which the first lumen wall 115A can come into contact with the second lumen wall 115B in order to form the first lumen 113A and the second lumen 113B within the second lumen wall 115B.

[0160] Figure 5C shows an example of a third double-lumen conduit, such as conduit 117, in which the first lumen 113A can be completely located within the second lumen 113B, and the first lumen wall 115A can be separate from the second lumen wall 115B.

[0161] The patency of the conduit 117 can be controlled by the orientation of the first lumen 113A relative to the second lumen 113B, etc. For example, a kink in at least one of the conduit examples 117 shown in Figure 5B or Figure 5C may block the first lumen 113A, such as preventing fluid transfer from the pressure source 150 to the cavity 112, but the second lumen 113B can remain open. For example, the outer surface of the first lumen wall 115A can prevent the first part of the inner surface of the second lumen 113B from coming into contact with the second part of the inner surface of the second lumen 113B, thereby preventing the second lumen 113B from collapsing.

[0162] The patency of the conduit 117 can be controlled by the design of the conduit 117, including the design of at least one of the first lumen 113A or the second lumen 113B. The dimensions of the conduit 117 can be selected to maintain the patency of the second lumen 113B, for example. For example, the thickness of the first lumen wall 115A may differ from the thickness of the second lumen wall 115B to prevent the first part of the second lumen 113B from collapsing when the conduit 117 is subjected to bending forces. The material used to construct the conduit 117 can be selected to maintain the patency of the second lumen 113B. For example, the type or durometer hardness of the material used to form the first lumen wall 115A may differ from the type or durometer hardness of the material used to form the second lumen wall 115B to prevent the first part of the second lumen 113B from collapsing when the conduit 117 is subjected to bending forces.

[0163] The conduit 117 may include a reinforcing structure to prevent obstruction of at least one of the first lumen 113A or the second lumen 113B. The reinforcing structure may include a wire coil or the like located in the first lumen wall 115A or the second lumen wall 115B and extending around at least one of the first lumen wall 115A or the second lumen wall 115B.

[0164] The cross-sectional shape of the conduit 117 can be any shape that does not affect the function of the conduit 117. The cross-sectional shapes of the conduit 117, such as the cross-sectional shape of the first lumen 113A and the cross-sectional shape of the second lumen 113B, may include at least one of circular, elliptical, crescent-shaped, triangular, rectangular, or any polygonal cross-sectional shape.

[0165] The flexibility of the conduit 117, such as the overall stiffness of the conduit 117 due to the stiffness of the first lumen wall 115A and the second lumen wall 115B, can be controlled. For example, the stiffness of the conduit 117 can be reduced by the structural configuration of the conduit 117, such as a structural configuration that minimizes the moment of inertia related to the cross-sectional shape of the conduit 117. For example, a first double-lumen conduit having a first moment of inertia, such as when the first moment of inertia is greater than the second or third moment of inertia, can demonstrate higher overall stiffness in bending or torsion compared to at least one of a second double-lumen conduit having a second moment of inertia or a third double-lumen conduit having a third moment of inertia. For example, a second or third double-lumen conduit can minimize torsional biasing, such as torsional biasing that may result from at least one of bonding or extrusion, compared to a first double-lumen conduit.

[0166] Figure 6 shows an example of a device 600 capable of controlling the eye environment over a patient's eye, such as at least one of the left eye environment over the patient's left eye or the right eye environment over the patient's right eye. Control of the eye environment may include at least one of establishing, adjusting, or maintaining indicators of the eye environment over the patient's eye, such as an indicator of the working fluid cavity pressure in the cavity 112. In one example, the control of the left eye environment may be independent of the right eye environment, and the control of the right eye environment may be independent of the left eye environment.

[0167] The device 600 may include a left system 602 comprising a left cover 110A, the left cover 110A being sized and shaped to fit over the patient's left eye so as to define a left cavity 112A between the left cover 110A and the front surface of the left eye; a right system 604 comprising a right cover 110B, the right cover 110B being sized and shaped to fit over the patient's right eye so as to define a right cavity 112B between the right cover 110B and the front surface of the right eye; and a bridge 606 for positioning the left system 602 relative to the right system 604, etc. In one example, the left system 602 may include at least one of the devices 100, and the right system 604 may include at least one of the devices 100.

[0168] The device 600 may include a system control circuit 640 that facilitates, adjusts, and controls the operation of the device 600. The system control circuit 640 may be configured to receive and process indicators of the eye environment, such as at least one of the following: an indicator of the left eye environment, an indicator of the right eye environment, or an indicator of the relationship between the indicators of the left eye environment and the indicators of the right eye environment.

[0169] The system control circuit 640 may include at least one of the following: a left control circuit 140A, such as a left control circuit 140A, which enables, adjusts, and controls the operation of the left system 602; or a right control circuit 140B, such as a right control circuit 140B, which enables, adjusts, and controls the operation of the right system 602. For example, the left control circuit 140A may be configured to control the operation of the left system 602 independently of the right system 604, and the right system 604 may be configured to control the operation of the right system 604 independently of the left system 602. For example, the left control circuit 140A may be able to receive and process at least one of an index of the left eye environment or an index of the relationship between the left eye environment and the right eye environment. For example, the right control circuit 140B may be able to receive and process at least one of an index of the right eye environment or an index of the relationship between the left eye environment and the right eye environment.

[0170] The system control circuit 640 may include a pressure source circuit, such as a pressure source circuit, configured to adjust the operation of the pressure source based on at least one of the following: an index of the left eye environment, an index of the right eye environment, or an index of the relationship between the left eye environment index and the right eye environment. For example, the pressure source circuit may include at least one of a left pressure source circuit, such as one coupled to the left control circuit 140A, or a right pressure source circuit, such as one coupled to the right control circuit 140B.

[0171] The pressure source circuit may include a pressure source logic circuit, such as a pressure source logic circuit, configured to generate a system failure based on at least one of the received indicators, such as an indicator received by the system control circuit 640. In one example, the pressure source logic circuit can generate a system failure when a failure event occurs, for example, at least one of the following: the indicator for the left pressure in the left cavity 112A exceeds the left pressure safety level, or the indicator for the right pressure in the right cavity 112B exceeds the right pressure safety level. In another example, the pressure source logic circuit can generate a system failure when the relationship between the indicator for the left eye environment and the indicator for the right eye environment exceeds a "relational safety level". For example, the pressure source logic circuit can generate a system failure when the difference between the pressure indicator in the left cavity 112A and the pressure indicator in the right cavity 112B exceeds a relational safety pressure level. The relational safety pressure level can be defined by the user through a communication interface associated with the control circuit 140.

[0172] The system control circuit 640 can be configured to enable, adjust, and control the operation of the device 600 in a master-slave control configuration or the like. For example, the first control circuit can receive and process indicators of the eye environment, and the second control circuit can communicate with the first control circuit to receive processed indicators from the first control circuit and adjust the operation of the device 600, such as at least one of the left system 602 or the right system 604. For example, the first control circuit may include the left control circuit 140A, and the second control circuit may include the right control circuit 140B. For example, the first control circuit may include the right control circuit 140B, and the second control circuit may include the left control circuit 140A.

[0173] For example, the left control circuit 140A can control the cavity pressure in the left cavity 112A by adjusting the left pressure source 150A to achieve a target cavity pressure in the left cavity 112A. For instance, the left control circuit 140A may include a control mechanism such as a feedback control mechanism based on physiological parameter indicators from the left sensor 130A, such as an indicator of the IOP level in the left eye detected by the left biosensor, and may be configured to process the received physiological parameters, such as an indicator of the left IOP level, in order to adjust the left pressure source 150A to achieve a target cavity pressure level in the left cavity 112A.

[0174] For example, the left control circuit 140A can control the left working fluid composition in the left cavity 112A by adjusting the left fluid regulator 120A to achieve a target fluid composition in the left cavity 112A. For instance, the left control circuit 140A receives indicators of the left eye environment from the left sensor 130A, such as an indicator of the nitric oxide (NO) level in the left cavity detected by the left NO concentration sensor, and can process the received indicators of the left eye environment in order to adjust the left fluid regulator 120A to achieve a target fluid concentration level in the cavity 112 based on the received physiological parameters, such as an indicator of the NO level in the left cavity 112A.

[0175] The right control circuit 140B can operate independently of the left control circuit 140A, enabling, adjusting, and controlling the operation of the right system 604, including the right eye environment within the right cavity 112B. For example, the right control circuit 140B can control the right working fluid composition by adjusting the right pressure source 150B to achieve a target cavity pressure in the cavity 112B, thereby controlling the cavity pressure of at least one cavity in the right cavity 112B, or by adjusting the right fluid regulator 120B to achieve a target fluid composition in the cavity 112B.

[0176] The device 600 can control the left eye environment in the left cavity 112A independently of the right eye environment in the right cavity 112B, and control the right eye environment in the right cavity 112B independently of the left eye environment in the left cavity 112A. In one example, the left system 602 can control at least one of the left cavity pressure or left working fluid concentration in the left cavity 112A independently of the right system 604, and the right system 604 can control at least one of the right cavity pressure or right working fluid concentration in the right cavity 112B independently of the left system 602.

[0177] The left eye environment may include the left cavity pressure in the left cavity 112A, as detected by the left pressure sensor 130A through the left conduit 117A. The right eye environment may include the right cavity pressure in the right cavity 112B, as detected by the right pressure sensor 130B through the right conduit 117B.

[0178] For example, the left pressure source 150A can control the left cavity pressure in the left cavity 112A, such as by establishing, adjusting, and maintaining it. For instance, the left pressure source 150A and the left fluid regulator 120A can communicate with the left cavity 112A through a second left port 116A, etc., and generate a positive left gauge pressure in the left cavity 112A for purposes such as transporting constituent fluid from the left fluid regulator 120A into the left cavity 112A. The left cavity check valve 189A, which is in communication with the left cavity 112A, can be configured to limit the left cavity pressure in the left cavity 112A to a target left cavity pressure level, including a target positive left cavity pressure level or a target negative left cavity pressure level.

[0179] In one example, the right pressure source 150B can control the first right cavity pressure in the right cavity 112B, such as by establishing, adjusting, and maintaining it. For example, the right pressure source 150B and the right fluid regulator 120B can communicate with the right cavity 112B through a second right port 116B, etc., and generate a positive right gauge pressure in the right cavity 112B for purposes such as transporting constituent fluid from the right fluid regulator 120B into the right cavity 112B. The right cavity check valve 189B, which is in communication with the right cavity 112B, can be configured to limit the right cavity pressure in the right cavity 112B to a target right cavity pressure level, etc. In one example, the first left cavity pressure can be adjusted, such as by increasing or decreasing it, independently of the right pressure source 150B, and the first right cavity pressure can be adjusted, such as by increasing or decreasing it, independently of the left pressure source 150A.

[0180] The left eye environment may include the left working fluid composition in the left cavity 112A, and the right eye environment may include the right working fluid composition in the right cavity 112B. In one example, the left fluid regulator 120A can control the first left working fluid composition in the left cavity 112A. In one example, the right fluid regulator 120B can control the first right working fluid composition in the right cavity 112B, such as by establishing and maintaining it. In one example, the first left working fluid composition can be adjusted independently of the right fluid regulator 120B, such as by increasing or decreasing the concentration of the components of the first left working fluid, and the first right working fluid composition can be adjusted independently of the left fluid regulator 120A, such as by increasing or decreasing the concentration of the components of the first right working fluid.

[0181] The device 600 can detect the left eye environment above the left eye using the left sensor 130A, etc., and detect the right eye environment above the right eye using the right sensor 130B, etc. In one example, the left sensor 130A can detect the left eye environment independently of the right environment, and the right sensor 130B can detect the right eye environment independently of the left environment.

[0182] In one example, a left sensor 130A, such as a left cavity sensor communicating with the left cavity 112A, can detect an indicator of the left eye environment within the left cavity 112A. The left cavity sensor may include at least one of the following: a left flow sensor for detecting an indicator of fluid flow rate within the left cavity 112A; a left humidity sensor for detecting an indicator of humidity within the left cavity 112A; a left temperature sensor for detecting an indicator of temperature within the left cavity 112A; a left pressure sensor for detecting an indicator of pressure within the left cavity 112A; or a left composition sensor for detecting an indicator of working fluid composition, such as the concentration of working fluid components within the left cavity 112A.

[0183] In one example, a right sensor 130B, such as a right cavity sensor communicating with the right cavity 112B, can detect an indicator of the right eye environment within the right cavity 112B. The right cavity sensor may include at least one of the following: a right flow sensor for detecting an indicator of the fluid flow rate within the right cavity 112B; a right humidity sensor for detecting an indicator of the humidity within the right cavity 112B; a right temperature sensor for detecting an indicator of the temperature within the right cavity 112B; a right pressure sensor for detecting an indicator of the pressure within the right cavity 112B; or a right working fluid composition such as the right working fluid component concentration. In one example, a left sensor 130A can independently detect an indicator of the left eye environment within the left cavity 112A, and a right sensor 130B can independently detect an indicator of the right eye environment within the right cavity 112B, separate from the left sensor 130A.

[0184] Referring to Figure 7, the device 600 can process indicators of the eye environment detected by sensors 130, such as at least one of the left sensor 130A, the right sensor 130B, or the redundant sensor 732, via the control circuit 140. In one example, the control circuit 140 may include a left control circuit including a left display capable of processing and displaying at least one of the indicators of the left sensor 130A or the redundant sensor 732, and a right control circuit including a right display capable of processing and displaying at least one of the indicators of the right sensor 130B or the redundant sensor 732.

[0185] Figure 7 shows a schematic diagram of an example device 600 that can include sensors 130 such as a redundant sensor 732. The redundant sensor 732 can communicate with cavity 112, for example, by communicating with at least one of the left cavity 112A, the right cavity 112B, the left sensor 130A, or the right sensor 130B.

[0186] The redundant sensor 732 can be configured to detect at least one of the following indicators of the eye environment: an indicator of the left eye environment in the left cavity 112A, an indicator of the right eye environment in the right cavity 112B, or an indicator of the relationship between the indicators of the left eye environment and the indicator of the right eye environment. In one example, the redundant sensor 732 can be configured to verify or otherwise confirm the proper operation of at least one of the left sensor 130A or the right sensor 130B that is monitored by the redundant sensor 732.

[0187] The redundant sensor 732 may include differential sensors such as a differential sensor that includes a left differential sensor communicating with the left cavity and a right differential sensor communicating with the right cavity, which detect at least one of the following: an indicator of the left eye environment, an indicator of the right eye environment, or an indicator of the relationship between the indicator of the left eye environment and the indicator of the right eye environment. For example, the differential sensor can detect the difference between an indicator of the left eye environment, such as an indicator of pressure in the left cavity 112A, and an indicator of the right eye environment, such as an indicator of pressure in the right cavity 112B.

[0188] The left differential sensor may include at least one of the following: a left differential flow sensor for detecting an indicator of fluid flow rate in the left cavity 112A; a left differential humidity sensor for detecting an indicator of humidity in the left cavity 112A; a left temperature sensor for detecting an indicator of temperature in the left cavity 112A; a left differential pressure sensor for detecting an indicator of pressure in the left cavity 112A; or a left differential composition sensor for detecting an indicator of working fluid composition, such as the concentration of working fluid components in the left cavity 112A. The left differential sensor may also include a left differential signal sensor that communicates with sensor 130, such as at least one of the left sensor 130A or the right sensor 130B, and receives an indicator of the eye environment detected by sensor 130, such as an electrical signal representing an indicator of the eye environment detected by sensor 130.

[0189] The right differential sensor may include at least one of the following: a right differential flow sensor for detecting an indicator of fluid flow rate in the right cavity 112B; a right differential humidity sensor for detecting an indicator of humidity in the right cavity 112B; a right differential temperature sensor for detecting an indicator of temperature in the right cavity 112B; a right differential pressure sensor for detecting an indicator of pressure in the right cavity 112B; or a right differential composition sensor for detecting an indicator of working fluid composition, such as the concentration of working fluid components in the right cavity 112B. The right differential sensor may also include a right differential signal sensor that communicates with sensor 130, such as at least one of the left sensor 130A or the right sensor 130B, and receives an indicator of the eye environment detected by sensor 130, such as an electrical signal representing an indicator of the eye environment detected by sensor 130.

[0190] Figure 8 shows an example of a device 800 that can independently control the left eye environment above the patient's left eye and the right eye environment above the patient's right eye using a single pressure source or the like. The device 800 may include at least one of a cavity valve 890 or a cavity reservoir 892.

[0191] The device 800 may include a cavity valve 890, such as a cavity valve 890 communicating with the cavity 112. The cavity valve 890 may communicate with at least one of the sensor 130, the control circuit 140, or the pressure source 150, such as by coupling with it. In one example, the cavity valve 890 may include at least one of a left control valve 890A communicating with the left cavity 112A, or a right control valve 890B communicating with the right cavity 112B.

[0192] The cavity valve 890 can control the working fluid pressure in the cavity 112 to achieve a target cavity pressure within the cavity 112, for example. Referring to Figure 8, the left control valve 890A can control the working fluid pressure in cavity 112A, and the right control valve 890B can control the working fluid pressure in cavity 112B.

[0193] The cavity valve 890 may include a passive cavity valve such as the passive cavity check valve 189 described above in this application. The cavity valve 890 may include a single passive cavity check valve 189 to maintain pressure in the cavity 112 when the pressure source 850 is not operating continuously. The absence of continuous operation of the pressure source 850 has many advantages, such as increasing the battery life of the battery-powered pressure source 850.

[0194] The passive cavity check valve 189 may include a positive pressure cavity check valve. In one example, the pressure source 850 can be actuated to produce a positive gauge pressure in the cavity 112, such as when a working fluid flows from the pressure source 850 through the positive pressure cavity check valve into the cavity 112. If the power to the pressure source 850 is cut off, such as when the pressure source 850 is turned off for a period of time, the positive pressure cavity check valve can be closed to maintain the positive gauge pressure in the cavity 112. A sensor 130, which communicates with at least one of the control circuit 840 or the pressure source 850, can detect the pressure in the cavity 112 and react the pressure source 850 if the positive gauge pressure in the cavity 112 can fall below a threshold pressure level, including a target positive cavity pressure level.

[0195] The passive cavity check valve 189 may include a negative pressure cavity check valve. In one example, the pressure source 850 can be actuated to bring negative gauge pressure into the cavity 112, for example, by drawing working fluid from the cavity 112 through the negative pressure cavity check valve to the pressure source 850. If the power to the pressure source 850 is cut off, for example, if the pressure source 850 is turned off for a period of time, the negative pressure cavity check valve can be closed to maintain negative gauge pressure in the cavity 112. A sensor 130, which communicates with at least one of the control circuit 840 or the pressure source 850, can detect the pressure in the cavity 112 and actuate the pressure source 850 again if, for example, the negative gauge pressure in the cavity 112 rises above a threshold pressure level, including a target negative cavity pressure level.

[0196] The cavity valve 890 may include a combination of one or more passive cavity check valves 189, such as a passive combination cavity valve, to achieve a target cavity pressure range within the cavity 112. In one example, the cavity valve 890 may include at least one of a left passive combination cavity valve 890A or a right passive combination cavity valve 890B. The target cavity pressure range may be defined by a higher target cavity pressure level and a lower target cavity pressure level, such that the higher target cavity pressure level is greater than the lower target cavity pressure level. In one example, the passive combination cavity valve may include a first passive cavity check valve having a first cracking pressure selected as the higher target cavity pressure level, and a second passive cavity check valve having a second cracking pressure selected as the lower target cavity pressure level.

[0197] A passive combination cavity valve can be used as a safety device to prevent injury to a patient's eye from excessive positive or negative pressure, including excessive pressure resulting from improper or unpredictable operation of the pressure source 850. In one example, a positive gauge pressure can be applied to a cavity 112 communicating with a passive combination cavity valve that acts as a safety device, having a first cracking pressure selected to be higher than a positive target cavity pressure level, including levels 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50% higher than the positive target cavity pressure level, and a second cracking pressure selected at a gauge pressure of approximately 0 mmHg. In this configuration, the device 800 can be protected from excessive positive pressure due to the first cracking pressure and excessive negative pressure due to the second cracking pressure. In one example, a negative gauge pressure can be applied to a cavity 112 that communicates with a passive combination cavity valve acting as a safety device, having a first cracking pressure selected to be lower than a negative target cavity pressure level, including levels 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50% lower than the negative target cavity pressure level, and a second cracking pressure selected at a gauge pressure of approximately 0 mmHg. In this configuration, the device 800 can be protected from excessive negative pressure due to the first cracking pressure and excessive positive pressure due to the second cracking pressure.

[0198] A passive combination cavity valve can be used as a measuring device to change the pressure in the cavity 112 based on the flow rate of the working fluid from the pressure source 850 and the orifice area of ​​the cavity valve 890. In one example, the passive combination cavity valve can be specified to produce a pressure in the cavity 112 based on the volume-pressure characteristics of the pressure source 850, including a pQ curve.

[0199] The cavity valve 890 may include an active cavity valve. In one example, the cavity valve 890 may include at least one of the left control valve 890A or the right control valve 890B. The active cavity valve may include a flow measuring part, such as a valve component that controls the flow rate through the active cavity valve, and an operating part, such as an actuator component that adjusts the flow measuring part. In one example, the active cavity valve may include at least one of a servo valve or a proportional valve, such as a servo valve or proportional valve configured to be used with at least one of a hydraulic working fluid or a pneumatic working fluid.

[0200] An active cavity valve can control the pressure inside the cavity 112, such as a target cavity pressure, by adjusting the active cavity valve, for purposes such as controlling the fluid flow rate between the cavity 112 and the surrounding environment. In one example, the active cavity valve can be adjusted to allow at least one of the following: fluid flow from the cavity 112 to the surrounding environment when the cavity pressure is higher than the surrounding environment, or fluid flow from the surrounding environment into the cavity 112 when the cavity pressure is lower than the surrounding environment.

[0201] The active cavity valve can be configured to adjust the pressure within the cavity 112, such as from a first cavity pressure level to a second cavity pressure level different from the first cavity pressure level. The active cavity valve can adjust the pressure within the cavity 112 based on detected indicators, such as detected indicators received and processed by the control circuit 140. In one example, the left active cavity valve can be configured to adjust the left cavity pressure indicator based on at least one of the indicators received from the left biosensor, such as an indicator of the relationship between left IOP and CSFP, such as an indicator of the left IOP level, an indicator of the CSFP level, an indicator of the left TPD, or at least one of the indicators of cardiac activity, such as systemic blood pressure or heart rate. For example, the right active cavity valve may be configured to adjust the right cavity pressure index based on at least one of the indices received from the right biosensor, such as an index of the right IOP level, an index of the CSFP level, an index of the right TPD, or an index of the relationship between the right IOP and CSFP, or at least one of the indices of cardiac activity, such as systemic blood pressure or heart rate.

[0202] In one example, the control circuit 840 can control the cavity pressure in the left cavity 112A by adjusting at least one of the pressure source 850 or the left control valve 890A to achieve a target cavity pressure in the left cavity 112A. For example, the left control circuit 140A includes a control mechanism such as a feedback control mechanism based on an index of physiological parameters received from the left sensor 130A, such as an index of the IOP level in the left eye detected by the left biosensor, and can be configured to process the received physiological parameters, such as an index of the received left IOP level, by adjusting at least one of the pressure source 850 or the left control valve 890A to achieve a target cavity pressure level in the left cavity 112A.

[0203] In one example, the control circuit 840 can control the cavity pressure in the right cavity 112B by adjusting at least one of the pressure source 850 or the right control valve 890B to achieve a target cavity pressure in the right cavity 112B. For example, the control circuit 840 may include a control mechanism such as a feedback control mechanism based on an index of physiological parameters received from the right sensor 130B, such as an index of the IOP level in the right eye detected by the right biosensor, and may be configured to process the received physiological parameters, such as an index of the received right IOP level, to adjust at least one of the pressure source 850 or the right control valve 890B to achieve a target cavity pressure level in the right cavity 112B.

[0204] The apparatus 800 may include a cavity check valve 189 similar to the cavity check valve 189 described herein. In one example, the cavity check valve 189 may include at least one of a left cavity check valve 189A, such as a left passive cavity check valve, or a right cavity check valve 189B, such as a right passive cavity check valve.

[0205] The apparatus 800 may include a cavity reservoir 892, such as a cavity reservoir 892 that communicates with the cavity 112. The cavity reservoir 892 may include at least one of a left cavity reservoir 892A and a right cavity reservoir 892B.

[0206] The cavity reservoir 892 can play a role in adjusting the system elastance index in the device 800, such as improving the device 800's ability to achieve the target cavity pressure. System elastance can be characterized by at least one of the following: the ratio of the change in pressure to a given change in volume, such as E = ΔP / ΔV, or the reciprocal of system compliance, such as C = 1 / E = ΔV / ΔP. For example, the index of system elastance can be equivalent to the index of component elastance, and the index of system compliance can be equivalent to the index of component compliance. A "high" elastance fluid system means a fluid system in which there can be a rapid change in pressure as a function of the change in volume. For example, an active cavity valve may not be able to achieve the target cavity pressure in a high-elastance device 800 due to a slow feedback response that results in exceeding the target cavity pressure. The control of the device 800 can be improved by adjusting the elastance, such as by reducing the system elastance or increasing the system compliance, thereby reducing the rate of pressure change due to volume change to minimize feedback tracking errors.

[0207] The cavity reservoir 892 may include an auxiliary volumetric section, such as a volumetric space communicating with the cavity 112, which includes at least one of a fluid accumulator or an expansion chamber. In one example, the auxiliary volumetric section may be defined as any additional volumetric section of the cavity 112, such as any component that fluidly communicates with the cavity 112, exceeding the minimum volume required to deliver pressure to the patient's eye.

[0208] The amount of auxiliary volume in the cavity reservoir 892 can be selected, for example, to adjust the system elastance to change the system delay and error when the device 800 is pressurized. The auxiliary volume can be adjusted from a first auxiliary volume level to a second auxiliary volume level. In one example, the second auxiliary volume level can be made smaller than the first auxiliary volume level to increase the system elastance. When increasing the system elastance, the system delay to the device 800, including the pressure system delay, can be reduced. In another example, the second auxiliary volume level can be made larger than the first auxiliary volume level to decrease the system elastance. When decreasing the system elastance, the system delay to the device 800, including the pressure system delay, can be increased.

[0209] The cavity reservoir 892 may include high-compliance portions of the apparatus 800, such as high-compliance portions of the apparatus 800 that are in communication with the cavity 112. The high-compliance portions may include portions of the apparatus 800 that are in fluid communication with the cavity 112, such as portions of the apparatus 800 that demonstrate a higher variation in component compliance than the lowest-compliance component of the cavity 112 or any component that is in fluid communication with the cavity 112. The variation in component compliance may be in the range of about 1% to about 25%, about 25% to about 50%, about 50% to about 75%, or about 75% to about 100% compared to the lowest-compliance component of the system.

[0210] The high-compliance portion may include an elastic portion, such as a part of the device 800 that communicates with cavity 112, demonstrating a higher rate of variation in component compliance than the lowest-compliance component of the system. In one example, the elastic portion may include a membrane, such as a flexible diaphragm, as described above in this specification.

[0211] The device 800 may include a system control circuit 840 similar to the control circuit 140, which includes the left control circuit 140A and the right control circuit 140B as described above. The control circuit 840 may be configured to include a left system control circuit, such as a left system control circuit configured to receive indicators of the left eye environment from a left sensor 130A, including a left biosensor, and adjust the pressure in the left cavity toward the left target IOP using a left control valve 890A based on at least one of the received indicators of the left eye environment, such as the received indicator of the left IOP. The control circuit 140 may be configured to include a right system control circuit, such as a right system control circuit configured to receive indicators of the right eye environment from a right sensor 130A, including a right biosensor, and adjust the pressure in the right cavity toward the right target IOP using a right control valve 890B based on at least one of the received indicators of the right eye environment, such as the received indicator of the right IOP.

[0212] The left control circuit can be configured to adjust the left pressure in the left cavity 112A by a left active valve to equalize the index of the left transcribate pressure difference (TPD) associated with the left eye. The right control circuit can be configured to adjust the right pressure in the right cavity by a right active valve to equalize the index of the right transcribate pressure difference (TPD) associated with the right eye. In one example, equalizing the TPD index may include reducing the TPD index to a second TPD level lower than a first TPD level, such as at least one of a second left TPD level lower than a first left TPD level or a second right TPD level lower than a first right TPD level.

[0213] The left control circuit can be configured to adjust the left pressure in the left cavity with a left active valve sufficient to improve the axonal transport index in the left optic nerve of the left eye, and the right control circuit can be configured to adjust the right pressure in the right cavity with a right active valve sufficient to improve the axonal transport index in the right optic nerve of the right eye. For example, improving the axonal transport index may include adjusting the axonal transport rate, for example, by increasing the axonal transport rate from the first axonal transport level to the second axonal transport level if the second axonal transport level may be higher than the first axonal transport level. For example, improving the axonal transport index may include adjusting the axonal transport rate, for example, by decreasing the axonal transport rate from the first axonal transport level to the second axonal transport level if the second axonal transport level may be lower than the first axonal transport level.

[0214] The apparatus 800 may include a pressure source 850 similar to the pressure source 150 described herein. The pressure source 850 may be configured to apply non-atmospheric pressure to at least one of the left cavity 112A or the right cavity 112B of the apparatus 800. In one example, the pressure source 850 may be configured to pressurize both the left cavity 112A and the right cavity 112B simultaneously, or to apply non-atmospheric pressure to them in other ways.

[0215] Figure 9 shows a schematic diagram of an example device 900 in which the eye environment above a patient's eye, such as at least one of the left eye environment above the patient's left eye or the right eye environment above the patient's right eye, can be controlled by at least one of the main pressure source, left pressure source, or right pressure source.

[0216] The device 900 may include a left pressure source 950A, such as a pressure source similar to the left pressure source 150A, and a main pressure source 950, such as a pressure source similar to the right pressure source 150, which is in communication with the right pressure source 950B, such as a pressure source similar to the right pressure source 150. The main pressure source 950 can draw working fluid from the surrounding environment at a port 951, etc.

[0217] The apparatus 900 may include a manifold 975 that directs a working fluid flow from a pressure source, such as a main pressure source 950, a left pressure source 950A, or a right pressure source 950B, to at least one of the left cavity 112A of the left cover 110A or the right cavity 112B of the right cover 110B. The manifold 975 may include a left column 977A having an inlet port 979A and an outlet port 981A, a right column 977B having an inlet port 979B and an outlet port 981B, and a central column 977C communicating with the left column 977A and the right column 977B. The manifold 975 may include control valves such as electrically operated control valves, including servo valves or proportional valves, which include a left control valve 983A located near the left inlet port 979A to control the left working fluid flow entering the left column 977A, a right control valve 983 located near the right inlet port 979B to control the right working fluid flow entering the right column 977B, and a central control valve 983C communicating with the central column 977C to control the left and right working fluid flows between the left column 977A and the right column 977B.

[0218] The device 900 can control indicators of the eye environment above the patient's left and right eyes. For example, the control of the left pressure indicator in the left cavity 112A can be independent of the right pressure indicator in the right cavity 112B, and the right pressure indicator in the right cavity 112B can be independent of the left pressure indicator in the left cavity 112B. In one example, the left control valve 983A and the right control valve 983B can be in an open state to maximize the volume flow through the left and right control valves 983A and 983B, respectively, while the central control valve 983C can be in a closed state to block the volume flow through the central control valve 983C, in order to isolate the left cavity 112A from the right cavity 112B, and similarly isolate the right cavity 112B from the left cavity 112A. The main pressure source 950 can be operated to generate a main volume fluid flow within the apparatus 900, for example, to bring about approximately equal main volume fluid flow in the left column 977A and the right column 977B. The main pressure source 950 can be operated to generate at least one of a positive or negative gauge pressure in the left cavity 112A and the right cavity 112B.

[0219] Each of the left cover 110A and the right cover 110B may include seals 119A and 119B that control the fluid flow in and out of the cavities 112A and 12B. For example, seals 119A and 119B can control the entry of ambient air into the left cavity 112A and the right cavity 112B, for example, when negative gauge pressure is applied to the left cavity 112A and the right cavity 112B. For example, seals 119A and 119B can control the release of working fluid into the ambient environment, for example, when positive gauge pressure is applied to the left cavity 112A and the right cavity 112B. The seal permeability can be controlled to a range from approximately 0% permeability (e.g., sealed) to approximately 100% permeability. For example, the seal permeability can be controlled to at least one of the following ranges: approximately 0% to approximately 25% permeability, approximately 25% to approximately 50% permeability, approximately 50% to approximately 75% permeability, or approximately 75% to approximately 100% permeability.

[0220] Seal permeability can be controlled by adjusting the properties of the cover-patient contact surface, such as the seal surface that comes into contact with the patient. A smooth seal surface, such as a seal surface that is in full contact with the patient, can form a continuous seal around the patient's eyes, such as providing a tight seal between the cover 110A, 110B and the patient. A non-smooth surface, such as a seal surface that is not in full contact with the patient, can form a semi-continuous seal around the patient's eyes, such as providing a semi-permeable seal between the cover 110A, 110B and the patient. The non-smooth surface may include a surface formed from a material with a non-smooth finish, including synthetic leather and an elastomer having surface features, such as an elastomer having at least one or more molded protrusions or molded depressions formed on the surface of the elastomer that prevent the formation of a continuous seal around the patient's eyes.

[0221] The seal permeability can be influenced by properties of the seal material, such as the porosity of the seal material, the diameter of the pores in the seal material, or the distribution of pore diameters in the seal material, at least one of these properties. For example, the seal material can be formed with a specified total porosity, such as in the range of approximately 0% to approximately 100% porosity.

[0222] The features of covers 110A and 110B can act on the eye environment within cavities 112A and 112B. For example, the cover features can act on changes in the eye environment similar to the effect of seal permeability. In one example, the cover features may include one or more exhaust ports, such as exhaust ports, that extend from the outer surface 187 to the inner surface 188 of the cover 110, so as to communicate the cavity 112 with the surrounding environment.

[0223] The adjustment of the visual environment can be influenced by the characteristics of the exhaust ports, such as the total surface area of ​​the exhaust ports or at least one of the number of exhaust ports in covers 110A and 110B. The surface area of ​​the exhaust ports can affect the rate of fluid exchange between the cavity 112 and the surrounding environment; for example, the rate of fluid exchange may be determined by the surface area of ​​the exhaust ports. The number of exhaust ports can also affect the rate of fluid exchange; for example, the number of exhaust ports can affect the total surface area of ​​the exhaust ports, in which case the rate of fluid exchange between the cavity 112 and the surrounding environment may be determined by the total surface area of ​​the exhaust ports.

[0224] The pressure in the left cavity 112A and the right cavity 112B can be changed by adjusting the resistance presented to the main volumetric fluid flow in the device 900. For example, the opening state of at least one of the left control valve 983A or the right control valve 983B can be adjusted within a range of approximately 0% to 100% open to present resistance to the main volumetric fluid flow, thereby adjusting the main volumetric fluid flow in the left column 977A and the right column 977B. As a result, the gauge pressure in the left cavity 112A and the right cavity 112B can be changed according to the opening area presented by the left control valve 983A and the right control valve 983B.

[0225] The pressures in the left cavity 112A and the right cavity 112B can be changed by altering the total volumetric fluid flow in the device 900. For example, the left pressure source 950A and the right pressure source 950B can be operated to generate a left volumetric fluid flow originating from the left pressure source 950A and a right volumetric fluid flow originating from the right pressure source 950B. The left pressure source 950A and the right pressure source 950B can be operated independently, and for example, the left volumetric flow originating from the left pressure source 950A may differ from the right volumetric flow originating from the right pressure source 950B. When adjusting the amount of energy applied to each of the left pressure source 950A and the right pressure source 950B, the independent left volumetric flow and right volumetric flow allow for independent control of the indicator of the left pressure in the left cavity 112A and the indicator of the right pressure in the right cavity 112B.

[0226] Similarly, the device 900 can control indicators of the eye environment above the patient's left and right eyes. For example, the control of the left pressure indicator in the left cavity 112A can depend on the right pressure indicator in the right cavity 112B, and the right pressure indicator in the right cavity 112B can depend on the left pressure indicator in the left cavity. In one example, the central control valve 983C can be opened in a range of approximately 0% open to approximately 100% open to connect the left cavity 112A to the right cavity 112B and the right cavity 112B to the left cavity 112A. When adjusting the amount of energy applied to the left pressure source 950A and the right pressure source 950B, the independent left volume flow and right volume flow can be mixed through the central control valve 983C. For example, the left pressure in the left cavity 112A can depend on the right pressure source 950B, and the right pressure in the right cavity 112B can depend on the left pressure source 950A. In one example, the left control valve 983A and the right control valve 983B can be opened in a range of approximately 0% open to approximately 100% open to restrict at least one of the left volume flow originating from the left pressure source 950A or the right volume flow originating from the right pressure source 950B. For example, the left pressure in the left cavity 112A can depend on the right pressure source 950B, and the right pressure in the right cavity 112B can depend on the left pressure source 950A.

[0227] Figure 10 shows a schematic diagram of a second example device 1000 that can control the eye environment above a patient's eye by a one-way valve communicating with the main pressure source 950, such as at least one of the left eye environment above the patient's left eye or the right eye environment above the patient's right eye. Device 1000 can be similar to device 900 and may include a one-way valve 1091, such as a valve that allows fluid flow in the forward direction but blocks fluid flow in the reverse direction. The one-way valve 1091 can be positioned to communicate with the main pressure source 950, the left pressure source 950A, and the right pressure source 950B, such as between the main pressure source 950 and the left pressure source 950A and the right pressure source 950B.

[0228] The one-way valve 1091 can be directed forward toward the left cavity 112A and the right cavity 112B. When the main pressure source 950 is activated (for example, by turning the pressure source 950 "on"), the one-way valve 1091 can be opened by the flow from the main pressure source 950 into the left cavity 112A and the right cavity 112B, for example, to generate positive gauge pressure in the cavities 112A and 112B. When the power to the main pressure source 950 is cut off (for example, by turning the pressure source 950 "off"), the one-way valve 1091 can be closed, for example, to maintain positive gauge pressure in the left cavity 112A and the right cavity 112B. The gauge pressure in the left cavity 112A and the right cavity 112B can be adjusted, for example, by operating the left pressure source 950A and the right pressure source 950B, in order to generate a volume flow into the apparatus 900 (for example, the gauge pressure in the cavity can be increased) or to generate a volume flow from the apparatus 900 (for example, the gauge pressure in the cavity can be decreased).

[0229] For example, the positive gauge pressure on the left in the left cavity 112A and the positive gauge pressure on the right in the right cavity 112B can be independently adjusted by closing control valves 983A, 983B, and 983C, such as by generating a positive gauge pressure with the main pressure source 950 and maintaining and isolating the positive gauge pressures in the left cavity 112A and the right cavity 112B. The left pressure source 950A and the right pressure source 950B can be operated independently to adjust the gauge pressures in the left cavity 112A and the right cavity 112B, such as by increasing or decreasing the positive gauge pressure in the left cavity 112A independently of the right cavity 112B.

[0230] The one-way valve 1091 can be directed forward toward the main pressure source 950. When the main pressure source 950 is activated (for example, by turning the pressure source 950 "on"), the one-way valve 1091 can be opened by the flow from the left cavity 112A and the right cavity 112B toward the main pressure source 950, for example, to generate negative gauge pressure in the cavities 112A and 112B. When the power to the main pressure source 950 is cut off (for example, by turning the pressure source 950 "off"), the one-way valve 1091 can be closed, for example, to maintain the negative gauge pressure in the left cavity 112A and the right cavity 112B.

[0231] For example, the left pressure in the left cavity 112A and the right pressure in the right cavity 112B can be independently adjusted by closing control valves 983A, 983B, and 983C, such as by generating a negative gauge pressure with the main pressure source 950 and maintaining and isolating the negative gauge pressure in the left cavity 112A and the right cavity 112B. The left pressure source 950A and the right pressure source 950B can be operated independently to adjust the gauge pressure in the left cavity 112A and the right cavity 112B, such as by increasing or decreasing the negative gauge pressure in the left cavity 112A independently of the right cavity 112B.

[0232] Figure 11 shows a schematic diagram of a third example of a device 1100, in which the eye environment above the patient's eye, such as at least one of the left eye environment above the patient's left eye or the right eye environment above the patient's right eye, can be controlled by a one-way valve 1091 communicating with a main pressure source and at least one of the left control valve 890A or the right control valve 890B. The device 1100 can be the same as the device 1000 and may include the cavity valve 890 described herein, including the left control valve 890A and the right control valve 890B.

[0233] The left control valve 890A can communicate with the left cavity 112A, for example, by being attached to the manifold 975 at the left port 984A. In one example, the left port 984A can communicate with column 977A, for example, by connecting the left port 984A to the left cavity 112A. The right control valve 890B can communicate with the right cavity 112A, for example, by being attached to the manifold 975 at the right port 984B. In one example, the right port 984B can communicate with column 977B, for example, by connecting the right port 984B to the right cavity 112B.

[0234] Using devices such as at least one of devices 100, 600, 800, 900, 1000, or 1100, a patient's eye disease can be treated, suppressed, or prevented. Processes such as diagnostic regimens or treatment regimens can be implemented for patients, such as patients involved in an eye disease or the potential presence of an eye disease. For example, a patient may be admitted by a healthcare professional, for instance, the patient may initiate contact with a healthcare professional to receive at least one of the following: screening, diagnosis, or treatment for an eye disease. For example, a patient may be selected by a healthcare professional, for instance, the patient may be contacted or otherwise invited by a healthcare professional to receive at least one of the following: screening, diagnosis, or treatment for an eye disease. Selection by a healthcare professional may include selection based on screening criteria, such as criteria for identifying patients at "risk" from the general population for examination by a healthcare professional. Screening criteria may include patient screening criteria (or criteria specific to individual patients), such as patient physiological parameters including age, weight, stress level, or genetic markers. Screening criteria may include environmental screening criteria (or criteria specific to the patient's living environment), such as the patient's place of residence, occupation, or potential exposure to substances identified by the eye disease.

[0235] Eye diseases may manifest as symptoms in patients with eye diseases. These symptoms may include discomfort such as pain or other visual disturbances including blurred vision, or physiological conditions of the patient's eye, such as abnormal indicators including abnormal IOP, CSFP, or cupped-optic disc diameter ratio.

[0236] Figure 12 shows an example 1200 of a method using a device such as device 100 that receives an indicator and adjusts the pressure source based on the received indicator. The device 100 may include a left cover which is sized and shaped to fit over the patient's left eye so as to define a left cavity 112A between the left cover 110A and the front surface of the left eye, a left pressure source 150A which is in communication with the left cavity 112A and configured to adjust the fluid pressure in the left cavity 112A, and a right cover 110B which is sized and shaped to fit over the patient's right eye so as to define a right cavity 112B between the right cover 110B and the front surface of the right eye, and a right pressure source 150B which is in communication with the right cavity 112B and configured to adjust the fluid pressure in the right cavity 112B, wherein the left pressure source 150A may be configured to adjust the fluid pressure in the left cavity 112A independently of the right pressure source 150B, and the right pressure source 150B may be configured to adjust the fluid pressure in the right cavity 112B independently of the left pressure source 150A.

[0237] In 1202, the device 100, for example, at least one of the left pressure source 150A and the right pressure source 150B, can receive indicators of the eye environment, such as the left eye environment in the left cavity 112A detected by the left sensor 130A, or the right eye environment in the right cavity 112B detected by the right sensor 130B; indicators of IOP, such as the left intraocular pressure (IOP) in the patient's left eye detected by the left sensor 130A, or the right IOP in the patient's right eye detected by the right sensor 130B; or indicators of cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) in the patient detected by the left sensor 130A or the right sensor 130B. In one example, the left pressure source 150A may include a left control circuit 140A that receives the detected left indicators, and the right pressure source 150B may include a right control circuit 140B that receives the detected right indicators.

[0238] In 1204, at least one of the left pressure source 150A or the right pressure source 150B can be adjusted based on at least one of the received indicators. For example, the left pressure source 150A can be adjusted to generate left non-atmospheric pressure in the left cavity 112A based on one of the received left indicators, and the right pressure source 150B can be adjusted to generate right non-atmospheric pressure in the right cavity 112B based on at least one of the received right indicators.

[0239] For example, the left pressure source 150A can receive indicators of the left eye environment, such as the left pressure indicator in the left cavity 112A, and can be adjusted based on the received left pressure indicator in the left cavity 112A. The right pressure source 150B can receive indicators of the right eye environment, such as the right pressure indicator in the right cavity 112A, and can be adjusted based on the received right pressure indicator in the right cavity 112B.

[0240] In one example, the left pressure source 150A can receive an indicator of the left IOP from the patient's left eye via a sensor 130A such as a left IOP sensor, and the left pressure source 150A can be adjusted based on the received indicator of the left IOP in the patient's left eye. The right pressure source 150B can receive an indicator of the right IOP from the patient's right eye via a sensor 130B such as a right IOP sensor, and the right pressure source 150B can be adjusted based on the received indicator of the right IOP in the patient's right eye.

[0241] In one example, the left pressure source 150A can receive indicators of the left eye environment, such as the left pressure index in the left cavity 112A and the left IOP index from the patient's left eye. Subsequently, the left pressure source 150A can be adjusted based on the received left pressure index in the left cavity 112A and the received left IOP index in the left eye. The right pressure source 150B can receive indicators of the right eye environment, such as the right pressure index in the right cavity 112A, and the right pressure source 150B can be adjusted based on the received right pressure index in the right cavity 112B. The right pressure source 150B can receive indicators of the right eye environment, such as the right pressure index in the right cavity 112B and the right IOP index from the patient's right eye. Subsequently, the right pressure source 150B can be adjusted based on the received right pressure index in the right cavity 112B and the received right IOP index in the right eye.

[0242] In one example, the left pressure source 150A can receive indicators for the left IOP and CSFP via the left control circuit 140A, etc. The left control circuit 140A can process the received indicators, such as forming an indicator for the left transcribed plate pressure difference (TPD). Subsequently, the left pressure source 150A can adjust the indicators, such as equalizing the left TPD indicators based on the received left TPD indicators. The right pressure source 150B can receive indicators for the right IOP and CSFP via the right control circuit 140B, etc. The right control circuit 140B can process the received indicators, such as forming an indicator for the right transcribed plate pressure difference (TPD). Subsequently, the right pressure source 150B can adjust the indicators, such as equalizing the right TPD indicators based on the received right TPD indicators.

[0243] Equalization of the TPD index may include changing the TPD index, such as lowering the TPD index from a first TPD level to a lower TPD level. Figure 13 shows an example 1300 of a method for using a device to detect an indicator and adjust a valve based on the detected indicator. The device may include at least one of the devices 100, 600, 800, or a combination of the components of the devices described above. The device may include a left sensor 130A, which communicates with the left cavity 112A and includes a left pressure sensor for detecting an indicator of the left pressure in the left cavity 112A; a right sensor 130B, which communicates with the right cavity 112B and includes a right pressure sensor for detecting an indicator of the right pressure in the right cavity 112B; a system sensor including redundant sensors; a system control circuit 640, which communicates with the system sensor and is configured to receive and process at least one of the left pressure indicator or the right pressure indicator; a left control valve 890A, which communicates with the left cavity 112A and the system control circuit 640; and a right control valve 890B, which communicates with the right cavity 112B and the system control circuit 640.

[0244] In 1302, the device can detect indicator pressures such as left pressure indicators and right pressure indicators. The left cavity 112A and the right cavity 112B can be pressurized to positive or negative non-atmospheric pressure levels by the pressure source 850. The device can detect indicators of the eye environment, such as pressure indicators, from system sensors. In one example, the device can detect the left pressure indicator in the left cavity 112A using the left pressure sensor, and detect the right pressure indicator in the right cavity 112B using the right pressure sensor.

[0245] In 1304, the device can adjust the valves based on detected pressure indicators, such as the detected left pressure indicator and the detected right pressure indicator. Left valves, such as the left control valve 890A which is in communication with the left cavity 112A, can be adjusted based on the detected left pressure indicator in the left cavity 112A. When adjusting the left control valve 890A, the pressure in the left cavity 112A can be changed to achieve the target cavity pressure in the left cavity 112A. Right valves, such as the right control valve 890B which is in communication with the right cavity 112B, can be adjusted based on the detected right pressure indicator in the right cavity 112B. When adjusting the right control valve 890B, the pressure in the right cavity 112A can be changed to achieve the target cavity pressure in the right cavity 112B.

[0246] In one example, the left sensor 130A may include a left biosensor configured to detect at least one of the following: an index of left intraocular pressure (IOP) in the left eye or an index of cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) in the patient, which communicates with the system control circuit 640. A left valve, such as the left control valve 890A communicating with the left cavity 112A, can be adjusted based on at least one of the detected left pressure index in the left cavity 112A, the detected left IOP index, or the detected CSFP index. When adjusting the left control valve 890A, the pressure in the left cavity 112A can be adjusted to change the left pressure toward a left target IOP level. For example, the left pressure in the left cavity 112A can be adjusted to achieve a left IOP level that includes a left target IOP level in the left eye, based on the received left IOP index.

[0247] In one example, the right sensor 130B may include a right biosensor configured to detect at least one of the following: an index of right intraocular pressure (IOP) in the right eye or an index of cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) in the patient, communicating with the system control circuit 640. A right valve, such as the right control valve 890B communicating with the right cavity 112B, can be adjusted based on at least one of the following: an index of right pressure in the left cavity 112A, an index of right IOP, or an index of detected CSFP. When adjusting the right control valve 890B, the pressure in the right cavity 112B can be adjusted to change the right pressure toward a right target IOP level. For example, the right pressure in the right cavity 112B can be adjusted to achieve a right IOP level, including a right target IOP level in the right eye, based on the received right IOP index.

[0248] For example, adjustment of the active left valve may include adjusting the active left valve to change the left pressure in the left cavity 112A, such as equalizing the index of the left transcribate pressure difference (TPD) related to the left eye. Adjustment of the active right valve may include adjusting the active right valve to change the right pressure in the right cavity 112B, such as equalizing the index of the right transcribate pressure difference (TPD) related to the right eye. Equalization of the TPD index may include changing the TPD index, such as lowering the TPD index from a first TPD level to a lower second TPD level.

[0249] For example, adjustment of the active left valve may include adjusting the active left valve to change the left pressure in the left cavity 112A, such as achieving a left pressure sufficient to improve an indicator of axonal transport in the left optic nerve of the left eye. Adjustment of the active right valve may include adjusting the active right valve to change the right pressure in the right cavity 112B, such as achieving a right pressure sufficient to improve an indicator of axonal transport in the right optic nerve of the right eye.

[0250] Figure 14 shows an example 1400 of a method for using a device to detect indicators and limit the pressure applied to the cavity. The device may include at least one of the devices 100, 600, 800, or combinations of the components of the devices described above. The device may include a pressure source 150 communicating with a left cavity 112A located above the patient's left eye and a right cavity 112B located above the patient's right eye, and a system sensor including a left cavity sensor 130 for detecting indicators of the left eye environment in the left cavity, a right cavity sensor 130B for detecting indicators of the right eye environment in the right cavity, and a redundant sensor 732 for detecting the relationship between the indicators of the left eye environment and the indicators of the right eye environment.

[0251] In 1402, the device can detect indicator pressures such as left pressure indicators and right pressure indicators. The left cavity 112A and the right cavity 112B can be pressurized to positive or negative non-atmospheric pressure levels by the pressure source 850. The device can detect indicators of the eye environment, such as pressure indicators from system sensors. In one example, the device can detect the left pressure indicator in the left cavity 112A using the left pressure sensor, and the right pressure indicator in the right cavity 112B using the right pressure sensor.

[0252] In 1404, the device can limit the pressure applied to the left cavity 112A and the right cavity 112B, etc. A valve 890, such as a passive valve, can be selected to limit the working fluid pressure in the cavity 112, based on the characteristics of the valve 890, including the valve's cracking pressure. Limiting the pressure applied to the left cavity 112A may include selecting a left control valve 890A, such as a passive left valve, that communicates with the left cavity 112A, or selecting a left cracking pressure associated with a left passive valve, such as limiting the left pressure applied to the left eye within the left cavity 112A. The left cracking pressure may be selected to include a left target pressure, such as the left target cavity pressure level. Limiting the pressure applied to the right cavity 112B may include selecting a right control valve 890B, such as a passive right valve, that communicates with the right cavity 112B, or selecting a right cracking pressure associated with a right passive valve, such as limiting the right pressure applied to the right eye within the right cavity 112B. The right cracking pressure may be selected to include a right target pressure, such as the right target cavity pressure level.

[0253] A valve 890, such as an active valve, that communicates with cavity 112 can be selected to limit the working fluid pressure in cavity 112. Limiting the pressure applied to the left cavity 112A may include opening an active left valve based on an index of the left pressure in the left cavity 112A detected by a left sensor 130A, including a left pressure sensor. The index of the left pressure in the left cavity 112A may include an index of the difference between the index of the left pressure in the left cavity 112A and a left safety pressure level, such as at least one of the maximum or minimum pressure level in the left cavity 112A. Limiting the pressure applied to the right cavity 112B may include opening an active right valve based on an index of the right pressure in the right cavity 112B detected by a right sensor 130B, including a right pressure sensor. The index of right pressure in the right cavity 112B may include an index of the difference between the index of right pressure in the right cavity 112B and a right safety pressure level, such as at least one of the maximum or minimum pressure levels in the right cavity 112A.

[0254] The pressure source 150 can be adjusted, for example, to limit the working fluid pressure in the cavity 112. Adjusting the operation of the pressure source 150 may include adjusting the pressure in the cavity 112 by adjusting the working fluid flow rate index provided by the pressure source 150. The working fluid flow rate index may include changing the operation of the pressure source 150, such as increasing or decreasing the pump speed to affect the working fluid flow rate of the pump. Limiting the pressure applied to the left cavity 112A may include adjusting the operation of the left pressure source 150A based on at least one of the left pressure in the left cavity 112A, or the difference between the left pressure index in the left cavity 112A and the left safety pressure level. Limiting the pressure applied to the right cavity 112B may include adjusting the operation of the right pressure source 150B based on at least one of the right pressure in the right cavity 112B, or the difference between the right pressure index in the right cavity 112B and the right safety pressure level.

[0255] Various notes and examples The above detailed description includes references to accompanying drawings that form part of the detailed description. The drawings illustrate certain embodiments in which the present invention can be carried out. These embodiments are also referred to herein as “Examples.” Such Examples may include elements in addition to those shown or described. However, the inventors also intend to provide examples in which only the shown or described elements are provided. Furthermore, the inventors also intend to provide examples using any combination or substitution of the shown or described elements (or one or more of their embodiments) with respect to a particular example (or one or more of their embodiments) shown or described herein, or to other examples (or one or more of their embodiments).

[0256] In the event of any conflict between usage in this specification and any document referenced herein, the usage in this specification shall prevail. In this specification, the term “a, an” is used to include one or more, without regard to any other examples or uses such as “at least one” or “one or more,” as is common in patent literature. In this specification, the term “or” is used to refer to exclusive OR, and “A or B” includes “A but not B,” “B but not A,” and “A and B,” unless otherwise indicated. In this specification, the terms “including” and “in which” are used as plain English synonyms for “comprising” and “wherein,” respectively. Furthermore, in the following claims, the terms “including” and “comprising” are open-ended, meaning that a system, device, article, composition, formulation, or process that includes elements in addition to those described after such terms in a given claim is still considered to be within the scope of that claim. Furthermore, in the following claims, terms such as “first,” “second,” and “third” are used merely as labels and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on those objects.

[0257] The examples of methods described herein can be implemented, at least in part, by machines or computers. Some examples may include computer-readable or machine-readable media encoded with instructions that can be operated to configure an electronic device to perform the methods described above. Implementations of such methods may include code such as microcode, assembly language code, or higher-level language code. Such code may include computer-readable instructions that perform various methods. The code may form part of a computer program product. Furthermore, in one example, the code may be tangibly stored in one or more volatile, non-temporary, or non-volatile tangible computer-readable media during execution or at some other point in time. Examples of such tangible computer-readable media include, but are not limited to, hard disks, removable magnetic disks, removable optical disks (e.g., compact disks and digital video disks), magnetic cassettes, memory cards or memory sticks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), and the like.

[0258] Figure 15 shows an example block diagram of a computer example 1500 that can be used as a control circuit 140. The method can be implemented in the control circuit 140. The control circuit 140 may include a computer 1500 that can implement any one or more of the techniques or methods discussed herein. The machine 1500 may be a processing node in a local or remote computer, or in an on-the-go (OTG) device such as a smartphone, tablet, or wearable device. The machine 1500 may operate as a standalone device or may be connected to other machines (e.g., networked). In one example, the machine may be directly coupled to or integrated with a device 100, for example, any component of device 100. When the processor 1502 is directly coupled to device 100, some components of the machine 1500 may be omitted to provide a lightweight and flexible device (e.g., a display device, a UI navigation device, etc.). In a networked configuration, the machine 1500 may operate as a server machine, a client machine, or both in a server-client network environment. In one example, machine 1500 can function as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (P2P) (or other distributed) network environment. Machine 1500 may be a personal computer (PC), tablet PC, set-top box (STB), personal digital assistant (PDA), mobile phone, web appliance, network router, switch or bridge, or any machine that can be executed by instructions (sequentially or otherwise) specifying the actions to be performed by the machine. In one example, machine 1500 may include circuits designed to serve purposes, such as a printed circuit board, that can perform the functions and methods disclosed herein.Furthermore, although only a single machine is given as an example, the term “machine” can also be interpreted to include any collection of machines that individually or collectively execute one or more sets of instructions that implement any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, such as cloud computing, software as a service (SaaS), and other computer cluster configurations.

[0259] Examples described herein may include or be operated by logic or a set of components or mechanisms. A circuit may include a collection of circuits (e.g., simple circuits, gates, logic, etc.) implemented in a tangible entity including hardware. Membership in a circuit configuration may be flexible over time and with respect to the variability of the underlying hardware. A circuit configuration includes members that can perform specified operations individually or in combination while operating. In one example, the hardware of a circuit configuration may be designed (e.g., wired) immutably to perform a given operation. In one example, the hardware of a circuit configuration may include variably connected physical components (e.g., execution units, transistors, simple circuits, etc.) including a computer-readable medium (e.g., a magnetically, electrically, or movable arrangement of particles of invariant mass) that has been physically modified to encode instructions for a given operation. When connecting physical components, the underlying electrical properties of the hardware components may be changed, for example, from insulator to conductor or vice versa. Instructions allow embedded hardware (e.g., an execution unit or loading mechanism) to generate members of the hardware's circuit configuration via variable connections to perform certain parts of a predetermined operation during operation. Thus, computer-readable media are communicatively coupled to other components of the circuit configuration while the device is operating. For example, any physical component can be used by two or more members of two or more circuit configurations. For instance, during operation, an execution unit may be used by a first circuit of a first circuit configuration at one point in time, and then reused by a second circuit of the first circuit configuration or a third circuit of a second circuit configuration at a different point in time.

[0260] The machine (e.g., a computer system) 1500 may include a hardware processor 1502 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof), main memory 1504, and static memory 1506, some or all of which can communicate with each other via an interconnection (e.g., a bus) 1508. The machine 1500 may further include a display unit 1510, an alphanumeric input device 1512 (e.g., a keyboard), and a user interface (UI) navigation device 1514 (e.g., a mouse). In one example, the display unit 1510, the input device 1512, and the UI navigation device 1514 may be touchscreen displays. The machine 1500 may further include a memory device (e.g., a drive unit) 1516, a signal generating device 1518 (e.g., a speaker), a network interface device 1520, and one or more sensors 1521 such as a Global Positioning System (GPS) sensor, a compass, an accelerometer, or other sensors. In one example, the sensors 1521, including, for example, sensor 130, may include wearable assistance device-based sensors and environmental sensors as described above. The machine 1500 may include an output controller 1528, such as a serial (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB)), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared (IR), near-field communication (NFC)) connection, to communicate with or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., a printer, a card reader, etc.).

[0261] The storage device 1516 may include a machine-readable medium 1522 which stores one or more sets of data structures or instructions 1524 (e.g., software) that embody or are utilized by any one or more of the techniques or functions described herein. The instructions 1524 may reside, fully or at least partially, in the main memory 1504, in the static memory 1506, or in the hardware processor 1502 while they are being executed by the machine 1500. In one example, one or any combination of the hardware processor 1502, the main memory 1504, the static memory 1506, or the storage device 1516 may constitute the machine-readable medium.

[0262] Although the machine-readable medium 1522 is exemplified as a single medium, the term “machine-readable medium” may include a single or multiple mediums configured to store one or more instructions 1524 (for example, a centralized or distributed database, or associated caches and servers).

[0263] The term “machine-readable medium” can include any medium capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions executed by machine 1500, causing machine 1500 to implement any one or more of the techniques of the Disclosure, or storing, encoding, or carrying data structures used by or related to such instructions. Non-limiting machine-readable storage mediums include solid memory, as well as optical and magnetic media. In one example, a machine-readable medium with mass includes a machine-readable medium having a plurality of particles having constant (e.g., stationary) mass. Thus, a machine-readable medium with mass is not a transient propagating signal. Certain examples of machine-readable mediums with mass include non-volatile memory such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices, magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical disks, and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.

[0264] Multiple instructions 1524 can further be sent and received via a communication network 1526 using a transmission medium via a network interface device 1520 that utilizes any one of several transmission protocols (e.g., Frame Relay, Internet Protocol (IP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), etc.). Examples of communication networks include, among others, local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), packet data networks (e.g., the Internet), mobile phone networks (e.g., cellular networks), plain old telephone (POTS) networks, wireless data networks (e.g., the IEEE 802.11 standard family known as Wi-Fi®, the IEEE 802.16 standard family known as WiMax®), the IEEE 802.15.4 standard family, and peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. For example, the network interface device 1520 may include one or more physical jacks (e.g., Ethernet jacks, coaxial jacks, or telephone jacks) or one or more antennas for connecting to the communication network 1526. For example, the network interface device 1520 may include multiple antennas for wireless communication using at least one of the single-input multiple-output (SIMO), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), or multiple-input single-output (MISO) techniques. The term “transmission medium” is interpreted to include any intangible medium capable of storing, encoding, or carrying multiple instructions executed by the machine 1500, and includes digital or analog communication signals or other intangible mediums that facilitate the communication of such software.

[0265] The above description is intended to be illustrative, not restrictive. For example, the examples (or one or more of them) described above can be used in combination with each other. Other embodiments can be used by those skilled in the art who have considered the above description. An abstract is provided in accordance with U.S. Patent Law Enforcement Rules 1.72(b) so that readers can quickly confirm the nature of this technical disclosure. The abstract is submitted with the understanding that it is not to be used to interpret or limit the claims or their meaning. In addition, in the above detailed description, various features may be grouped together for the sake of simplification of the disclosure. This should not be interpreted as meaning that any disclosed feature not related to a claim is essential to any claim. Rather, the subject matter of the invention may lie in features that are not all of the particular disclosed embodiments. Accordingly, the following claims are incorporated into the detailed description as examples or embodiments, and each claim stands alone as a separate embodiment, and it is intended that these embodiments can be combined with each other in various combinations or substitutions. The scope of the invention should be determined by referring to the appended claims together with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are granted. The technical concepts included in this disclosure are described below. (Note 1) It is a device, The left cover is sized and shaped to fit over the left eye so as to define a left cavity between the left cover and the front of the patient's left eye, A left pressure source is configured to communicate with the left cavity and to adjust the fluid pressure within the left cavity, The right cover is sized and shaped to fit over the right eye so as to define a right cavity between the right cover and the front of the patient's right eye, A right pressure source is configured to communicate with the right cavity and to adjust the fluid pressure within the right cavity, A device comprising: a control circuit connected to at least one of the left pressure source and the right pressure source, wherein the system control circuit is configured such that the left pressure source can adjust the fluid pressure in the left cavity independently of the right pressure source, and the right pressure source can adjust the fluid pressure in the right cavity independently of the left pressure source. (Note 2) A left cavity sensor that communicates with the left cavity and detects an indicator of the left eye environment within the left cavity, A right cavity sensor that communicates with the right cavity and detects an indicator of the right eye environment within the right cavity, A redundant sensor configured to detect at least one of the following: an indicator of the left eye environment, an indicator of the right eye environment, and an indicator of the relationship between the indicator of the left eye environment and the indicator of the right eye environment; The apparatus described in Appendix 1, which includes a system sensor. (Note 3) The left cavity sensor includes a left pressure sensor that detects an indicator of the left pressure within the left cavity. The right cavity sensor includes a right pressure sensor that detects an indicator of the right pressure within the right cavity. The apparatus according to Appendix 2, wherein the redundant sensor includes a redundant sensor that detects an index of the relationship between the index of the left eye environment and the index of the right eye environment. (Note 4) The apparatus according to Appendix 2, wherein the redundant sensor includes a differential pressure sensor configured to detect the difference between an index of the left pressure in the left cavity obtained by a left differential pressure sensor and an index of the right pressure in the right cavity obtained by a right differential pressure sensor. (Note 5) The apparatus according to Appendix 2, wherein the redundant sensor includes a differential signal sensor configured to detect the difference between an index of left pressure from the left cavity sensor by a left differential signal sensor and an index of right pressure from the right cavity sensor by a right differential signal sensor. (Note 6) The apparatus according to Appendix 2, wherein the system control circuit is configured to receive and process at least one of the following: an index of the left eye environment in the left cavity, an index of the right eye environment in the right cavity, and an index of the relationship between the left eye environment and the right eye environment. (Note 7) The aforementioned system control circuit A left control circuit coupled to the left pressure source and capable of receiving and processing at least one of the indicators of the left eye environment and the indicators of the relationship between the left eye environment and the right eye environment, The apparatus according to Appendix 6, comprising a right control circuit that communicates with the right pressure source and can receive and process at least one of the indicators of the right eye environment and the indicators of the relationship between the left eye environment and the right eye environment. (Note 8) The left control circuit includes a left control circuit configured to adjust the left pressure source to generate non-atmospheric pressure in the left cavity toward the left target cavity pressure in the left cavity, The apparatus according to Appendix 7, wherein the right control circuit is configured to adjust the right pressure source to generate non-atmospheric pressure in the right cavity toward the right target cavity pressure in the right cavity. (Note 9) A left biosensor configured to communicate with the left control circuit and to detect at least one of the indicators of left intraocular pressure (IOP) within the left eye and the indicator of cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) within the patient, The apparatus according to Appendix 7, comprising a right biosensor configured to communicate with the right control circuit and to detect at least one of the right IOP index in the right eye and the CSFP index in the patient. (Note 10) The left control circuit includes a left control circuit configured to receive an indicator of the left IOP and to adjust the left pressure source to generate non-atmospheric pressure toward a left target IOP level [G] based on the received indicator of the left IOP, The apparatus according to appended claim 9, comprising a right control circuit configured to receive an index of the right IOP and adjust the right pressure source to generate a non-atmospheric pressure toward a right target IOP level [G] based on the received index of the right IOP. (Appended claim 11) The left control circuit configured to generate a non-atmospheric pressure toward the left target IOP level includes the left target IOP level in the range of about 10 mmHg to about 21 mmHg in the left eye. The apparatus according to appended claim 10, wherein the right control circuit configured to generate a non-atmospheric pressure toward the right target IOP level includes the right target IOP level in the range of about 10 mmHg to about 21 mmHg in the right eye. (Appended claim 12) The left control circuit includes a left control circuit configured to adjust the left pressure source to generate a non-atmospheric pressure in the left cavity so as to equalize an index of a left translaminar pressure gradient (TLPG) associated with the left eye. Equalizing the index of the left TLPG includes reducing the index of the left TLPG from a first left TLPG level to a lower second left TLPG level. The apparatus according to appended claim 9, wherein the right control circuit includes a right control circuit configured to adjust the right pressure source to generate a non-atmospheric pressure in the right cavity so as to equalize an index of a right TLPG associated with the right eye. Equalizing the index of the right TLPG includes reducing the index of the right TLPG from a first right TLPG level to a lower second right TLPG level. (Appended claim 13) The left control circuit includes a left control circuit configured to adjust the left pressure source to generate a non-atmospheric pressure in the left cavity so as to improve an index of axonal transport in the left optic nerve of the left eye. The right control circuit includes a right control circuit configured to adjust the right pressure source to generate a non-atmospheric pressure in the right cavity so as to improve an index of axonal transport in the right optic nerve of the right eye. The device according to appended claim 9, wherein improving the axonal transport index includes increasing the axonal transport speed from a first axonal transport level to a higher second axonal transport level. (Appended claim 14) The left control circuit includes a left control circuit configured to adjust the left pressure source to generate a non-atmospheric pressure in the left cavity so as to treat, suppress or prevent the eye disease of the left eye. The device according to appended claim 9, wherein the right control circuit includes a right control circuit configured to adjust the right pressure source to generate a non-atmospheric pressure in the right cavity so as to treat, suppress or prevent the eye disease of the right eye. (Appended claim 15) The device according to appended claim 1, comprising a left passive cavity check valve configured to communicate with the left cavity and limit the left pressure in the left cavity to a left cracking pressure, and a right passive cavity check valve configured to communicate with the right cavity and limit the right pressure in the right cavity to a right cracking pressure. (Appended claim 16) A method of using a device, wherein the device comprises a left cover sized and shaped to fit over the left eye so as to define a left cavity between the left cover and the front surface of the patient's left eye, a left pressure source configured to communicate with the left cavity and adjust the fluid pressure in the left cavity, a right cover sized and shaped to fit over the right eye so as to define a right cavity between the right cover and the front surface of the patient's right eye, and a right pressure source configured to communicate with the right cavity and adjust the fluid pressure in the right cavity, the left pressure source being configured to adjust the fluid pressure in the left cavity independently of the right pressure source, and the right pressure source being configured to adjust the fluid pressure in the right cavity independently of the left pressure source. In the method, receiving, by the device, at least one of an index of the left eye environment, an index of the right eye environment, an index of the intraocular pressure (IOP) in the left eye, an index of the right IOP in the right eye, and an index of the cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) in the patient; A method comprising the steps of adjusting the left pressure source to generate non-atmospheric pressure in the left cavity based on at least one of the received indicators, and adjusting at least one of the right pressure sources to generate non-atmospheric pressure in the right cavity based on at least one of the received indicators. (Note 17) The step of receiving an indicator includes receiving an indicator of the left eye environment, including an indicator of the left pressure source, and the step of adjusting the pressure source includes adjusting the left pressure source based on the indicator of the left cavity pressure. The method according to Appendix 16, wherein the step of receiving an indicator includes receiving an indicator of the right eye environment, including an indicator of the right pressure source, and the step of adjusting the pressure source includes adjusting the right pressure source based on the indicator of the right cavity pressure. (Note 18) The step of receiving an indicator includes receiving an indicator of the left IOP, and the step of adjusting the pressure source includes adjusting the left pressure source based on the indicator of the left IOP. The method according to Appendix 16, wherein the step of receiving an indicator includes receiving an indicator of the right IOP, and the step of adjusting the pressure source includes adjusting the right pressure source based on the indicator of the right IOP. (Note 19) The step of receiving indicators includes receiving indicators for the left cavity pressure and left IOP, and the step of adjusting the pressure source includes adjusting the left pressure source based on the indicators for the left cavity pressure and left IOP. The method according to Appendix 16, wherein the step of receiving indicators includes receiving indicators of the right cavity pressure and the right IOP, and the step of adjusting the pressure source includes adjusting the right pressure source based on the indicators of the right cavity pressure and the right IOP. (Note 20) The step of receiving an index includes receiving an index of the left transcribate pressure difference (TPD) related to the left eye, and the step of adjusting the pressure source includes adjusting the left pressure source to equalize the index of the left TPD. The step of receiving an indicator includes receiving an indicator of the right TPD related to the right eye, and the step of adjusting the pressure source includes adjusting the right pressure source to equalize the indicator of the right TPD. The method according to Appendix 16, wherein equalizing the TPD index includes lowering the TPD index from a first TPD level to a lower second TPD level. (Note 21) A device for adjusting the fluid pressure applied to at least one of a left cavity located above a patient's left eye and a right cavity located above the patient's right eye, for the purpose of treating, suppressing, or preventing eye diseases, A differential sensor that communicates with the left cavity and the right cavity and is configured to detect at least one of the following: an index of the left eye environment in the left cavity, an index of the right eye environment in the right cavity, and an index of the relationship between the index of the left eye environment and the index of the right eye environment. A device comprising: a control circuit configured to communicate with the system sensor and to receive and process at least one of the following: an index of the left eye environment in the left cavity, an index of the right eye environment in the right cavity, and an index of the relationship between the index of the left eye environment and the index of the right eye environment. (Note 22) The apparatus according to Appendix 21, comprising at least one of the following: a left cavity sensor coupled to the system control circuit and detecting an indicator of the left eye environment within the left cavity; and a right cavity sensor coupled to the system control circuit and detecting an indicator of the right eye environment within the right cavity. (Note 23) The apparatus according to Appendix 21, wherein the differential sensor includes a differential pressure sensor configured to detect the difference between an index of the left pressure in the left cavity detected by a left differential pressure sensor and an index of the right pressure in the right cavity detected by a right differential pressure sensor. (Note 24) The apparatus according to Appendix 21, wherein the differential sensor includes a differential signal sensor configured to detect the difference between an index of left pressure from a left pressure sensor detected by a left differential signal sensor and an index of right pressure from a right pressure sensor detected by a right differential signal sensor. (Note 25) The apparatus according to Appendix 21, comprising a pressure source configured to communicate with at least one of the left cavity and the right cavity and to apply non-atmospheric pressure to at least one of the left cavity and the right cavity. (Note 26) The apparatus according to Appendix 25, wherein the pressure source includes a pressure source configured to apply non-atmospheric pressure to the left cavity and the right cavity. (Note 27) A left cavity valve is configured to communicate with the left cavity and to adjust the indicator of the left pressure within the left cavity, The apparatus according to Appendix 22, further comprising a right cavity valve configured to communicate with the right cavity and to adjust an indicator of the right pressure within the right cavity. (Note 28) The apparatus according to Appendix 27, wherein the left valve includes at least one of a passive left valve and an active left valve, and the right valve includes at least one of a passive right valve and an active right valve. (Note 29) The apparatus according to Appendix 28, wherein the left cavity valve includes an active left cavity valve configured to adjust the left pressure index based on at least one of the indicators received by the system control circuit, and the right cavity valve includes an active right cavity valve configured to adjust the right pressure index based on at least one of the indicators received by the system control circuit. (Note 30) A left biosensor configured to communicate with the system control circuit and to detect at least one of the indicators of left intraocular pressure (IOP) within the left eye and the indicator of cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) within the patient, The system includes a right biosensor configured to communicate with the system control circuit and to detect at least one of the right IOP index in the right eye and the CSFP index in the patient, The apparatus according to Appendix 27, wherein the left cavity valve includes an active left cavity valve configured to adjust the left pressure index based on at least one of the indices received from the left biosensor, and the right cavity valve includes an active right cavity valve configured to adjust the right pressure index based on at least one of the indices received from the right biosensor. (Note 31) The system control circuit includes a left control circuit configured to receive an indicator of the left IOP and adjust the left pressure in the left cavity toward a left target IOP level by the active left valve based on the received indicator of the left IOP, The apparatus according to Appendix 30, wherein the system control circuit includes a right control circuit configured to receive an index of the right IOP and adjust the right pressure in the right cavity toward a right target IOP level by the active right valve based on the received index of the right IOP. (Note 32) The system control circuit includes a left control circuit configured to adjust the left pressure in the left cavity by the left active valve so as to equalize the index of the left transcribate pressure difference (TPD) associated with the left eye, wherein equalizing the index of the left TPD includes lowering the index of the left TPD from a first left TPD level to a lower second left TPD level. The apparatus according to Appendix 30, wherein the system control circuit includes a right control circuit configured to adjust the right pressure in the right cavity by the right active valve so as to equalize the index of the right TPD associated with the right eye, and equalizing the index of the right TPD includes lowering the index of the right TPD from a first right TPD level to a lower second right TPD level. (Note 33) The system control circuit includes a left control circuit configured to adjust the left pressure in the left cavity by the left active valve sufficient to improve the indicator of axonal transport in the left optic nerve of the left eye, The system control circuit includes a right control circuit configured to adjust the right pressure in the right cavity by the active right valve sufficient to improve the indicator of axonal transport in the right optic nerve of the right eye, The apparatus according to Appendix 30, wherein improving the indicator of axonal transport includes increasing the rate of axonal transport from a first axonal transport level to a higher second axonal transport level. (Note 34) The system control circuit includes a left control circuit configured to adjust the left pressure in the left cavity by the active left valve to treat, suppress or prevent an eye disease of the left eye, The apparatus according to Appendix 30, wherein the system control circuit includes a right control circuit configured to adjust the right pressure in the right cavity by the active right valve to treat, suppress or prevent an eye disease of the right eye. (Note 35) The apparatus according to Appendix 21, comprising a passive left valve that communicates with the left cavity and is configured to limit the left pressure in the left cavity to a left cracking pressure, and a passive right valve that communicates with the right cavity and is configured to limit the right pressure in the right cavity to a right cracking pressure. (Note 36) A method of using the apparatus, wherein the apparatus comprises a system sensor including a left pressure sensor communicating with a left cavity and detecting an indicator of left pressure in the left cavity, a right pressure sensor communicating with a right cavity and detecting an indicator of right pressure in the right cavity, and a redundant sensor; a system control circuit communicating with the system sensor and configured to receive and process at least one of the left pressure indicator and the right pressure indicator; an active left valve communicating with the left cavity and communicating with the system control circuit; and an active right valve communicating with the right cavity and communicating with the system control circuit, The system sensor detects an index of the left pressure in the left cavity and an index of the right pressure in the right cavity. Adjusting at least one of the active left valve based on the detected left pressure indicator and the active right valve based on the detected right pressure indicator. (Appendix 37) The apparatus includes a left biosensor configured to communicate with the system control circuit and detect at least one of an indicator of intraocular pressure (IOP) in the left eye and an indicator of cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) in the patient, and a right biosensor configured to communicate with the system control circuit and detect at least one of an indicator of right IOP in the right eye and an indicator of CSFP in the patient. The method according to Appendix 36, wherein the step of adjusting at least one of the active left valve and the active right valve includes adjusting at least one of the active left valve based on at least one of the indicators received from the left biosensor and the active right valve based on at least one of the indicators received from the right biosensor. (Appendix 38) The method according to Appendix 37, wherein the step of adjusting at least one of the active left valve and the active right valve includes adjusting at least one of the active left valve to change the left pressure towards a left target IOP level based on the received left IOP indicator and the active right valve to change the right pressure towards a right target IOP level based on the received right IOP indicator. (Appendix 39) The step of adjusting at least one of the active left valve and the active right valve includes adjusting at least one of the active left valve to equalize an indicator of left translaminar pressure difference (TPD) related to the left eye and the active right valve to equalize an indicator of right translaminar pressure difference (TPD) related to the right eye, The method according to Appendix 37, wherein equalizing the TPD indicator includes reducing the TPD indicator from a first TPD level to a lower second TPD level. (Appendix 40) The step of adjusting the active left valve and the active right valve includes adjusting the active left valve to achieve a left pressure in the left cavity sufficient to improve the indicator of axonal transport in the left optic nerve of the left eye, and adjusting the active right valve to achieve a right pressure in the right cavity sufficient to improve the indicator of axonal transport in the right optic nerve of the right eye, The method according to Appendix 37, wherein improving the indicator of axonal transport increases the rate of axonal transport from a first axonal transport level to a higher second axonal transport level. (Note 41) A device that limits the fluid pressure levels applied to a patient's left and right eyes, A pressure source that communicates with the left cavity located above the left eye and the right cavity located above the right eye, and is configured to adjust the fluid pressure indicators within the left cavity and the right cavity, A device comprising: a differential sensor that communicates with the left cavity and the right cavity and is configured to detect at least one of the following: an index of the left eye environment in the left cavity, an index of the right eye environment in the right cavity, and an index of the relationship between the index of the left eye environment and the index of the right eye environment. (Note 42) The apparatus according to Appendix 41, comprising at least one of a left cavity sensor coupled to the left cavity and detecting an indicator of the left eye environment within the left cavity, and a right cavity sensor coupled to the right cavity and detecting an indicator of the right eye environment within the right cavity. (Note 43) The apparatus according to Appendix 41, wherein the differential sensor includes a differential pressure sensor configured to detect the difference between an index of the left pressure in the left cavity detected by a left differential pressure sensor and an index of the right pressure in the right cavity detected by a right differential pressure sensor. (Note 44) The apparatus according to Appendix 41, wherein the differential sensor includes a differential signal sensor configured to detect the difference between an index of left pressure from a left cavity sensor by a left differential signal sensor and an index of right pressure from a right pressure sensor by a right differential signal sensor. (Note 45) The apparatus according to Appendix 41, comprising a system control circuit configured to communicate with the pressure source and receive and process at least one of the following: an index of the left eye environment in the left cavity, an index of the right eye environment in the right cavity, and an index of the relationship between the index of the left eye environment and the index of the right eye environment. (Note 46) The apparatus as described in Appendix 45, wherein the indicator for the left eye environment includes an indicator for the left pressure in the left cavity, the indicator for the right eye environment includes an indicator for the right pressure in the right cavity, and the indicator for the relationship between the left eye environment and the right eye environment includes an indicator for the difference between the indicator for the left pressure and the indicator for the right pressure. (Note 47) The apparatus according to Appendix 45, wherein the system control circuit includes a pressure source circuit configured to adjust the operation of the pressure source based on at least one of the received indicators. (Note 48) The apparatus according to Appendix 47, wherein the pressure source circuit includes a pressure source logic circuit configured to generate a system failure based on at least one of the received indicators. (Note 49) The apparatus according to Appendix 8, wherein the pressure source circuit is configured to cause the system failure when at least one of the following occurs: the left pressure index exceeds the left pressure safety level or the right pressure index exceeds the right pressure safety level. (Note 50) The index of the relationship between the left eye environment and the right eye environment includes an index of the difference between the left pressure index and the right pressure index. The apparatus according to Appendix 48, wherein the pressure source circuit is configured to generate the system failure when the index of the difference exceeds a safety level of the pressure difference between the left pressure and the right pressure. (Note 51) The apparatus according to Appendix 41, comprising a left valve that communicates with the left cavity and is configured to limit the fluid pressure in the left cavity to a left pressure safety level, and a right valve that communicates with the right cavity and is configured to limit the fluid pressure in the right cavity to a right pressure safety level. (Note 52) The apparatus as described in Appendix 51, wherein at least one of the left pressure safety level and the right safety pressure level is in the range of approximately -50 mmHg to approximately 50 mmHg gauge. (Note 53) The apparatus as described in Appendix 51, wherein at least one of the left pressure safety level and the right pressure safety level is in the range of approximately -35 mmHg to approximately 35 mmHg gauge. (Note 54) The apparatus according to Appendix 51, wherein at least one of the left valve and the right valve includes a passive valve. (Note 55) The apparatus according to Appendix 51, wherein at least one of the left valve and the right valve includes an active valve. (Note 56) A method of using a device, wherein the device comprises a pressure source communicating with a left cavity located above the patient's left eye and a right cavity located above the patient's right eye, and a system sensor including a left cavity sensor for detecting an indicator of the left eye environment within the left cavity, a right cavity sensor for detecting an indicator of the right eye environment within the right cavity, and a redundant sensor for detecting the relationship between the indicator of the left eye environment and the indicator of the right eye environment, The system sensor detects an indicator of the left pressure in the left cavity and an indicator of the right pressure in the right cavity. A method comprising the step of limiting the pressure applied to the left cavity and the right cavity by the pressure source. (Note 57) The device includes at least one of a left passive valve communicating with the left cavity and a right passive valve communicating with the right cavity, The method according to Appendix 56, wherein the step of limiting the pressure includes selecting at least one of the left cracking pressure of the left passive valve and the right cracking pressure of the right passive valve. (Note 58) The device includes at least one of a left active valve communicating with the left cavity and a right active valve communicating with the right cavity, The method according to Appendix 56, wherein the step of limiting the pressure includes opening at least one of the left active valve and the right active valve based on at least one of the detected left pressure index and the detected right pressure index. (Note 59) The method according to Appendix 58, wherein opening at least one of the left active valve and the right active valve is based on the difference between the detected left pressure index and the detected right pressure index. (Note 60) The method according to Appendix 56, wherein the step of limiting the pressure includes adjusting the operation of the pressure source based on at least one of the detected left pressure index and the detected right pressure index.

Claims

1. Activating a left pump communicating with the left cavity to change the fluid pressure within the left cavity, wherein the left cavity is defined by a left cover, and the left cover is sized and shaped to fit over the patient's left eye so as to form the left cavity between the left cover and the front surface of the patient's left eye, and activating the left pump. Activating a right pump communicating with the right cavity to change the fluid pressure within the right cavity, wherein the right cavity is defined by a right cover, and the right cover is sized and shaped to fit over the patient's right eye so as to form the right cavity between the right cover and the front surface of the patient's right eye, and activating the right pump. A non-temporary computer-readable medium containing program instructions configured to cause a control circuit to execute, The left cavity and the right cavity are not in fluid communication so that they can be pressurized separately and independently. The aforementioned program instruction is, Independent of the right pump, the left pump is used to adjust the fluid pressure in the left cavity. A non-temporary computer-readable medium that can be operated independently of the left pump to adjust the fluid pressure in the right cavity using the right pump.

2. The control circuit includes a left control circuit coupled to the left pump and a right control circuit coupled to the right pump. The aforementioned program instruction is, The left control circuit is configured to adjust the left pump to generate non-atmospheric pressure in the left cavity in order to treat, suppress, or prevent the condition of the patient's left eye, The non-temporary computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the right control circuit is configured to adjust the right pump to generate non-atmospheric pressure in the right cavity in order to treat, suppress, or prevent an eye condition in the patient's right eye.

3. The control circuit includes a left control circuit coupled to the left pump and a right control circuit coupled to the right pump. The aforementioned program instruction is, The left control circuit is to receive at least one of the indicators of left intraocular pressure (IOP) in the patient's left eye and the indicator of cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) in the patient, The non-temporary computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the right control circuit is configured to receive at least one of the indicators of the right IOP in the patient's right eye and the indicator of the CSFP in the patient.

4. The aforementioned program instruction is, The left control circuit is to adjust the left pump to generate non-atmospheric pressure in the left cavity toward the left target cavity pressure, based on at least one of the received indicators of the left IOP and the CSFP within the patient. The non-temporary computer-readable medium according to claim 3, wherein the right control circuit is configured to adjust the right pump to generate non-atmospheric pressure in the right cavity toward the right target cavity pressure, based on at least one of the received indicators of the right IOP or the received indicators of the CSFP in the patient.

5. The left target cavity pressure includes the left target cavity pressure for generating a left target IOP level in the range of approximately 10 mmHg to approximately 21 mmHg in the patient's left eye. The non-transient computer-readable medium according to claim 4, wherein the right target cavity pressure includes the right target cavity pressure for generating a right target IOP level in the range of about 10 mmHg to about 21 mmHg in the patient's right eye.

6. The aforementioned program instruction is, The left control circuit is to adjust the left pump to equalize the index of the left transcribate pressure difference (TPD) related to the patient's left eye by generating non-atmospheric pressure in the left cavity, wherein equalizing the index of the left TPD includes adjusting the left pump to lower the index of the left TPD from a first left TPD level to a second left TPD level lower than the first left TPD level. The non-temporary computer-readable medium according to claim 3, wherein the right control circuit is configured to adjust the right pump to equalize the index of the right TPD related to the patient's right eye by generating non-atmospheric pressure in the right cavity, wherein equalizing the index of the right TPD includes adjusting the right pump to reduce the index of the right TPD from a first right TPD level to a second right TPD level lower than the first right TPD level.

7. The aforementioned program instruction is, The left control circuit is to adjust the left pump to equalize the index of the left transcribate pressure gradient (TLPG) related to the patient's left eye by generating non-atmospheric pressure in the left cavity, wherein equalizing the index of the left TLPG includes adjusting the left pump to lower the index of the left TLPG from a first left TLPG level to a second left TLPG level lower than the first left TLPG level. The non-temporary computer-readable medium according to claim 3, wherein the right control circuit is configured to adjust the right pump to equalize the index of the right TLPG related to the patient's right eye by generating non-atmospheric pressure in the right cavity, wherein equalizing the index of the right TLPG includes adjusting the right pump to lower the index of the right TLPG from a first right TLPG level to a second right TLPG level lower than the first right TLPG level.

8. The control circuit includes a left cavity sensor communicating with the left cavity and a right cavity sensor communicating with the right cavity. The aforementioned program instruction is, The control circuit is configured to receive an indicator of the left eye environment within the left cavity using the left cavity sensor. The non-temporary computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to receive an indicator of the right eye environment within the right cavity using the right cavity sensor.

9. The non-temporary computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the left cavity sensor includes a left pressure sensor for detecting an indicator of left pressure in the left cavity, and the right cavity sensor includes a right pressure sensor for detecting an indicator of right pressure in the right cavity.

10. The control circuit includes a redundant sensor configured to detect at least one of the following: an indicator of the left eye environment, an indicator of the right eye environment, and an indicator of the relationship between the indicator of the left eye environment and the indicator of the right eye environment. The aforementioned program instruction is, The non-temporary computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the control circuit is configured to receive at least one of the indicators of the left eye environment, the indicators of the right eye environment, and the indicators of the relationship between the indicators of the left eye environment and the indicators of the right eye environment from the redundant sensor.

11. The non-temporary computer-readable medium according to claim 10, wherein the redundant sensor includes a differential pressure sensor configured to detect the difference between an index of left pressure in the left cavity and an index of right pressure in the right cavity.

12. The aforementioned program instruction is, The aforementioned control circuit, The system processes at least one of the indicators of the left eye environment in the left cavity and the indicators of the right eye environment in the right cavity. A non-temporary computer-readable medium according to claim 8, configured to calculate an index of the relationship between the left eye environment and the right eye environment.

13. The aforementioned control circuit is A left control circuit, coupled to the left pump, is capable of receiving and processing at least one of the indicators of the left eye environment and the indicators of the relationship between the left eye environment and the right eye environment. The non-temporary computer-readable medium according to claim 12, comprising a right control circuit that communicates with the right pump and can receive and process at least one of the indicators of the right eye environment and the indicators of the relationship between the left eye environment and the right eye environment.

14. The aforementioned program instruction is, The left control circuit is instructed to adjust the left pump so as to generate non-atmospheric pressure within the left cavity toward the left target cavity pressure within the left cavity. The non-temporary computer-readable medium according to claim 13, wherein the right control circuit is configured to adjust the right pump to generate non-atmospheric pressure in the right cavity toward the right target cavity pressure in the right cavity.

15. The control circuit includes a left biosensor communicating with the left control circuit and a right biosensor communicating with the right control circuit. The aforementioned program instruction is, The left control circuit is made to receive at least one of the following using the left biosensor: an index of left intraocular pressure (IOP) in the patient's left eye and an index of cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) in the patient. The non-temporary computer-readable medium according to claim 13, wherein the right control circuit is configured to receive at least one of the indicators for the right IOP in the patient's right eye and the indicator for the CSFP in the patient using the right biosensor.

16. The aforementioned program instruction is, The left control circuit is instructed to adjust the left pump to generate non-atmospheric pressure toward the left target IOP level based on the received left IOP index. The non-temporary computer-readable medium according to claim 15, wherein the right control circuit is configured to adjust the right pump to generate non-atmospheric pressure toward the right target IOP level based on the received right IOP index.

17. The left control circuit is configured to generate non-atmospheric pressure toward the left target IOP level, and the left target IOP level includes a left target IOP level in the range of approximately 10 mmHg to approximately 21 mmHg within the patient's left eye. The non-temporary computer-readable medium according to claim 16, wherein the right control circuit is configured to generate non-atmospheric pressure toward the right target IOP level, and the right target IOP level includes the right target IOP level in the range of about 10 mmHg to about 21 mmHg within the patient's right eye.

18. The aforementioned program instruction is, The left pump is adjusted to equalize the index of the left transcribate pressure gradient (TLPG) related to the patient's left eye by generating non-atmospheric pressure in the left cavity, wherein equalizing the index of the left TLPG includes adjusting the left pump to lower the index of the left TLPG from a first left TLPG level to a lower second left TLPG level. A non-temporary computer-readable medium according to claim 15, configured to perform the following: adjusting the right pump to equalize the index of the right TLPG related to the patient's right eye by generating non-atmospheric pressure in the right cavity, wherein equalizing the index of the right TLPG includes adjusting the right pump to reduce the index of the right TLPG from a first right TLPG level to a lower second right TLPG level.

19. The aforementioned program instruction is, The left pump is adjusted to improve the indicator of axonal transport in the left optic nerve of the patient's left eye by generating non-atmospheric pressure within the left cavity. The right pump is configured to adjust to improve an indicator of axonal transport in the right optic nerve of the patient's right eye by generating non-atmospheric pressure within the right cavity. The non-temporary computer-readable medium according to claim 15, wherein improving the axonal transport index includes increasing the axonal transport rate from a first axonal transport level to a second axonal transport level higher than the first axonal transport level.

20. The aforementioned program instruction is, In order to treat, suppress, or prevent the condition of the left eye of the patient, the left pump is adjusted to generate non-atmospheric pressure in the left cavity. The non-temporary computer-readable medium according to claim 13, configured to adjust the right pump to generate non-atmospheric pressure in the right cavity in order to treat, suppress, or prevent an eye condition in the right eye of the patient.

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