High-speed three-dimensional X-ray imaging using an X-ray flexible bending panel detector with multiple motion-compensated pulsed X-ray sources.

Abstract

An X-ray imaging system using multiple pulsed-actuated X-ray sources in motion is presented to perform highly efficient and ultra-fast 3D X-ray imaging using an X-ray flexible curved panel detector. There are multiple pulsed-actuated X-ray sources mounted on a moving structure to form an array of sources. The sources move simultaneously relative to the subject on a predefined arcuate track at a constant speed as a group. Each individual X-ray source can also move around a stationary X-ray source position at a small distance. The individual sources and detectors are actuated when the individual X-ray sources have a speed that is equal to the group speed but in the opposite direction of movement. This allows the sources to remain relatively stationary during actuation. This operation results in a reduction in the source travel distance for each individual source. 3D X-ray imaging image data can be acquired at a much wider sweep angle in a much shorter time, and image analysis can also be performed in real time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention claims priority to Provisional Application No. 63182426, filed Apr. 30, 2021; Provisional Application No. 63226508, filed Jul. 28, 2021; Provisional Application No. 63170288, filed Apr. 2, 2021; Provisional Application No. 63175952, filed Apr. 16, 2021; Provisional Application No. 63194071, filed May 27, 2021; Provisional Application No. 63188919, filed May 14, 2021; Provisional Application No. 63225194, filed Jul. 23, 2021; Provisional Application No. 63209498, filed Jun. 11, 2021; Provisional Application No. 63214913, filed Jun. 25, 2021; Provisional Application No. 63220924, filed Jul. 12, 2021; Provisional Application No. 63222847, filed Jul. 16, 2021; Provisional Application No. 63224521, filed Jul. 22, 2021; and U.S. Application No. 17149133, filed Jan. 24, 2021, which claims priority to Provisional Application No. 62967325, filed Jan. 29, 2020, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] This patent specification is in the field of three-dimensional (3D) x-ray imaging systems and methods, and more particularly, to the use of a pulsed x-ray source and a wide-field, flexible digital panel x-ray detector.

Background Art

[0003] Digital tomosynthesis (DTS) is a type of digital 3D imaging, similar to mammography, that performs high-resolution, limited-angle tomography at a radiation dose level comparable to conventional X-ray imaging. These digital tomosynthesis systems typically use an X-ray source mounted on one end of a rotatable assembly and a digital flat-panel detector on the other end. Between the X-ray source and the detector is a device that can compress and fix the breast. Breast compression is necessary to reduce X-ray scattering, lower radiation dose, achieve a more uniform optical density across the detector, and improve the visualization of anatomical structures. Tomosynthesis can be used to screen for early signs of breast cancer in asymptomatic women. This type of imaging can also be used as a diagnostic tool in women with breast cancer symptoms. Tomosynthesis is an advanced type of tomosynthesis beyond mammography. Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) detects more cancers, has fewer false positives, and provides more accurate lesion localization than 2D mammography. When tomosynthesis is performed, the X-ray source needs to move in an arc around the breast.

[0004] A series of low-dose X-ray images are acquired at different angles while the X-ray source moves around the breast. The collected dataset allows for the reconstruction of parallel planes. Each plane is in focus, while those that are tissue images outside the plane are blurred. Generally, a wider sweep angle will generate more data projections and result in better 3D resolution, but this will take longer. Data processing is manufacturer-specific, as various reconstruction algorithms may be used. It should be emphasized that these types of digital tomosynthesis systems and methods can be applied to X-ray 3D imaging applications such as X-ray 3D chest diagnostic systems for COVID, X-ray 3D non-destructive testing (NDT) systems, and X-ray 3D security inspection systems. There is prior art that uses a single X-ray source and a single flat panel to perform X-ray 3D imaging.

[0005] However, conventional technologies have drawbacks. The main drawback is that a single X-ray source takes a very long time to acquire a good data projection. A second drawback is that everything is too slow, making real-time reconstruction difficult. A third drawback is that using rigid X-ray flat panel detectors exacerbates geometric distortion. Due to the daily advancements in technology, today's electronics can become flexible, faster, more compact, and more efficient. Just like flexible solar panel chargers, X-ray detectors can also become flexible. A typical modern X-ray panel detector consists of thin-film transistors (TFTs), a layer of X-ray scintillator, and readout electronics. While current technology cannot make the readout electronics substrate flexible, a TFT-based detector can be made flexible using a flexible substrate. Scintillation materials, or layers of scintillator, such as Gd2O2S:Tb (GOS or GADOX), have already been fabricated to be somewhat flexible decades ago for mounting on flexible films for X-ray imaging purposes. [Overview of the Initiative] [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] In a first embodiment, a system for providing high-speed 3D X-ray imaging, which uses a plurality of moving pulse-actuated X-ray sources together with a primary motor stage having a predetermined shape and moving freely on an arc-shaped rail, a primary motor that engages with the primary motor stage and controls the speed of the primary motor stage, a plurality of secondary motor stages coupled to the primary motor stage and moving along the direction of the arc-shaped rail, a plurality of secondary motors, each of which engages with a secondary motor stage and controls the speed of the secondary motor stage, a plurality of X-ray sources, each of which is moved by the secondary motor stage, a support frame structure providing housing for the primary motor arm stage and the secondary motor stages, and a flexible curved panel detector for receiving X-ray imaging data.

[0007] In a second embodiment, a method for high-speed 3D X-ray imaging using multiple moving pulse-operated X-ray sources includes positioning a primary motor stage and one or more secondary motor stages at predetermined initial locations; sweeping the primary motor stage at a predetermined constant speed by the primary motor; vibrating each of the secondary motor stages in a predetermined sequence by the corresponding secondary motor; electrically activating the X-ray sources and flexible bending panel detectors as the secondary motor stages move in the opposite direction to the primary motor arm stage and at a selected speed of the primary motor stage; and acquiring image data from the X-ray sources with the flexible bending panel detectors.

[0008] In another embodiment, an X-ray imaging system is presented that performs ultrafast, highly efficient 3D X-ray imaging using multiple moving pulsed-actuated X-ray sources. In this system, multiple pulsed-actuated X-ray sources are mounted on a structure that moves to form an array of sources. The multiple X-ray sources move simultaneously around the subject on a predetermined track at a constant group velocity. Each individual X-ray source can also move rapidly around a stationary position of a short distance. When an individual X-ray source has a velocity equal to the group velocity but in the opposite direction of movement, the individual X-ray source is triggered via an external exposure control unit. This arrangement allows the X-ray sources to remain relatively stationary during the X-ray pulse-triggered exposure duration. Multiple X-ray sources result in a significant reduction in the source travel distance for each individual X-ray source. The X-ray receptor is an X-ray flexible bending panel detector. 3D X-ray imaging image projection data can be acquired over a much shorter period and with a much wider sweep overall. Image analysis can also be performed in real time while the scan is progressing.

[0009] In another embodiment, an X-ray imaging system that performs highly efficient and ultrafast 3D X-ray imaging using multiple moving pulsed-actuated X-ray sources includes multiple pulsed-actuated X-ray sources mounted on a moving structure to form an array of sources. The multiple X-ray sources move simultaneously relative to the subject on a predetermined arc-shaped track at a constant velocity as a group. Each individual X-ray source can also move rapidly around the stationary position of the X-ray source at a short distance. The individual X-ray sources and X-ray detectors are actuated via an external exposure control unit when the individual X-ray sources have a velocity equal to the group velocity but in the opposite direction of movement. This arrangement allows the X-ray sources to remain relatively stationary during X-ray source actuation and X-ray detector exposure. The X-ray receptor is an X-ray flexible bending panel detector. The operation of multiple moving X-ray sources results in a significant reduction in the source travel distance of the individual X-ray sources. 3D X-ray imaging data can be acquired overall with a wider sweep angle in a much shorter time, and image analysis can also be performed in real time while the scan progresses.

[0010] In another embodiment, an X-ray flexible curved panel detector would allow for a curved geometric shape to minimize distortion. In implementations, X-rays can also be activated randomly from any one of the sources in the array using a random emission scheme. The results of each and the accumulated analyses determine the conditions for the next X-ray source and exposure. 3D X-ray images are reconstructed based on each image with an angled geometric arrangement of the X-ray exposure sources. Broader applications include 3D mammography or tomosynthesis, 3D chest X-rays for COVID, or 3D NDT, high-speed 3D X-ray security inspections.

[0011] The advantages of the above system include one or more of the following: Various embodiments of multiple moving X-ray sources are used in a novel ultrafast 5 3D radiography system. The first advantage is that the entire system is several times faster. Each X-ray source only needs to mechanically move a small portion of the total distance in an arc-shaped trajectory. This significantly reduces the data acquisition time required for patients by the radiographer. The second advantage is that image analysis can be performed in real time as the scan progresses. Decisions made on the acquired images will influence the X-ray source position for the next scan. It is not necessary to wait until the acquisition of the entire image is complete in order to perform layered image reconstruction. The third advantage is that it is possible to acquire high-resolution and high-contrast images due to the reduction of motion artifacts. Each X-ray source is also mounted on a substructure that vibrates the source around the X-ray source origin. The combination of the vibration velocity and track velocity results in the relative stationary position of the X-ray sources when the individual X-ray sources are activated. The fourth advantage is that the system can perform a much wider sweep, allowing for faster acquisition of more data projections. More data projections mean better image composition, leading to a reduction in the misdiagnosis rate. The fifth advantage is that, due to the wider angles and faster imaging acquisition, it is possible to add a time component to 3D spatial imaging to form a 4D imaging dataset. The sixth advantage is that the geometry of the X-ray flexible bending panel detector results in much less image distortion.

[0012] The present invention is described in terms of preferred embodiments and is recognized as being within the scope of the appended claims, with possible equivalents, substitutes, and modifications other than those expressly stated. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0013] [Figure 1] This example illustrates an ultrafast 3D digital X-ray imaging system with multiple moving X-ray sources, utilizing an X-ray flexible bending panel detector. [Figure 2]This example illustrates a scenario where the primary and secondary motor stages are moving in opposite directions but at the same speed, and each X-ray source momentarily emits an X-ray beam from a stationary position. [Figure 3] This example illustrates a configuration in which a 5X-ray source system acquires 25 sets of projection data by using X-ray flexible bending panel detectors, each moving only one-fifth of the total distance. [Figure 4] An exemplary configuration is illustrated, combining three sets of independent systems that can be used in parallel to cover a much larger X-ray scanning angle. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0014] From here on, the present invention will be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings illustrating exemplary embodiments. From here on, various embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings, and reference numerals throughout will refer to such elements. In the following description, for illustrative purposes, numerous specific details will be outlined to provide a complete understanding of one or more embodiments. However, it may be apparent that such embodiments(s) may be carried out without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices will be shown in the form of block diagrams to facilitate the description of one or more embodiments.

[0015] Therefore, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that, for example, figures, schematic diagrams, illustrations, etc., represent conceptual diagrams or processes illustrating systems and methods embodying the present invention. The functions of the various elements shown in the figures may be provided through the use of dedicated hardware and hardware capable of running associated software. Similarly, any switches shown in the figures are purely conceptual. Their functions may be performed through the operation of programmed logic, through dedicated logic, through the interaction of programmed control and dedicated logic, or even manually, and this particular technique may be selectable by the entity implementing the present invention. Those skilled in the art will further understand that the exemplary hardware, software, processes, methods, and / or operating systems described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are therefore not intended to be limited to any particular manufacturer.

[0016] Figure 1 illustrates an ultrafast 3D digital radiography system using an X-ray flexible bending panel detector 7 with multiple moving X-ray sources 5. A primary motor 1 is engaged with a primary motor stage 2, on which are secondary motors 3, a secondary motor stage 4, and multiple X-ray sources 5. All motors, all motor stages, and X-ray sources 5 are mounted on a support frame structure 6. Each secondary motor 3 is engaged with a secondary motor stage 4. All secondary motor stages 4 are mounted on the primary motor stage 2. All X-ray sources are mounted on the secondary motor stages 4. All motors are controlled by programmable motion control hardware, which can move the motor stages back and forth at a predetermined speed. The secondary motor stages 4 are positioned so that they are equally spaced to adjacent stages. As a result, all X-ray sources 5 move together with the primary motor stage 2, but each individual X-ray source 5 can move individually with the secondary motor stage 4. The X-ray flexible bending panel detector 7 can be mounted on an additional linear stage. The X-ray flexible bending panel detector 7 can move back and forth based on the position of the X-ray source 5 to obtain images with wider coverage.

[0017] A primary motor 1, having a moving encoder and a position control system, is mounted on a frame structure 6 to provide movement along an arc-shaped rail which can have any predetermined shape. One or more secondary motors 3, coupled to the primary motor 1 via couplings and rotatable about their own axis, are positioned around the primary motor 1 and engage with the primary motor stage 2 to drive the secondary motor stage 4. Multiple X-ray sources 5 are mounted on the secondary motor stage 4 and driven by the secondary motors 3 to move along the arc-shaped rail together with the primary motor 1. The X-ray sources 5 can be operated via an external exposure control unit connected to the secondary motors 3. In one embodiment, an X-ray flexible curved panel detector 7 may be used as the X-ray receptor. The primary motor 1 may be mounted on an electric stage having a moving encoder and a position control system and is operated by a primary motor controller to sweep around the arc-shaped rail at a constant speed in one direction.

[0018] The primary motor stage 2 provides translational motion to the X-ray source 5. The secondary motor stage 4 provides left or right oscillation motion to each individual X-ray source 5. 3D image reconstruction based on an iterative approach: Each individual X-ray source 5 generates a 3D dataset containing all projections along the arc segment. The presence of multiple X-ray sources 5 allows for acquiring projection data with a wider sweep than can be achieved with a single X-ray source. X-ray data in different fields and views is highly sensitive to distortion caused by the heterogeneity of X-ray absorption by different parts of body tissue. All images can be acquired under similar conditions of the subject being imaged to form good image reconstruction data. The sweep angle between individual images is very small to ensure consistent quality across all imaging data. The entire image acquisition process of the present invention uses motion-compensated image processing techniques.

[0019] The primary motor stage 2 is coupled to the primary motor 1 by planetary gears mounted on a structure that moves along an arc-shaped trajectory defined by rails. The X-ray sources initially move at the same speed as the group, and each individual X-ray source 5 can also move rapidly around a stationary position of a short distance. The number of X-ray sources 5 mounted on this structure is illustrative; depending on the implementation, there may be more or fewer than 5 sources. The secondary motor stage 4 is coupled to the secondary motor 3. Each secondary motor stage 4 moves along the arc-shaped trajectory of the rails in the forward and backward direction of the movement of the primary motor stage 2. The X-ray sources 5 move at a predetermined speed relative to the object. The transmission of X-rays through the object yields a projection dataset that can be used to form an image of the object.

[0020] Multiple X-ray sources 5 are each mounted on a secondary motor stage 4. The X-ray sources 5 are triggered by a programmed sequence, and each is turned on sequentially by an external exposure control unit. When the speed of the secondary motor stage 4 is substantially equal to the speed of the primary motor stage 2, the active individual X-ray sources may remain relatively stationary during the X-ray pulse-triggered exposure duration. In another embodiment, an X-ray flexible bending panel detector 7 may be mounted on the outer surface of a rigid structure. Each of the multiple X-ray sources 5 is configured to operate continuously for the duration that these X-ray sources 5 emit X-rays through an object detected by the X-ray flexible bending panel detector 7.

[0021] Multiple X-ray sources 5 on the array move at a constant velocity in different directions relative to the subject. Each individual X-ray source can also move rapidly around the stationary position of a short distance, when the individual X-ray source has a velocity equal to the group velocity but in the opposite direction of movement. Each individual X-ray source is triggered via an external exposure control unit. This arrangement allows the X-ray sources to remain relatively stationary during the X-ray pulse trigger exposure duration. Multiple X-ray sources result in a significant reduction in the source travel distance for each individual X-ray source. 3D X-ray imaging data can be acquired over a much shorter time and with a wider sweep angle overall, and image analysis can also be performed in real time. While scanning proceeds with the above system, the 3D X-ray receptor is an X-ray flexible curved panel detector 7, which is made to have a curved geometric shape to minimize distortion. The 3D X-ray receptor detects the X-ray images projected from the various X-ray sources 5.

[0022] A support frame structure 6 can be used to support and hold a primary motor stage 2, a plurality of secondary motor stages 4, and an X-ray source 5 in relative positions. Each of the secondary motor stages 4 can be driven by a corresponding secondary motor 3, which is driven by a power supply. The support frame structure 6 may be a tubular framework or a rectangular parallelepiped frame having sufficient space for the primary motor stage 2, the secondary motor stages 4, and the X-ray source 5. The primary motor stage 2 can be driven by a corresponding primary motor 1, which is driven by a power supply. The primary motor 1 can engage with the primary motor stage 2 so that when the primary motor stage 2 rotates, the primary motor stage 2 also rotates. In some embodiments, the primary motor 1 may rotate at a constant speed, while the secondary motors 3 may rotate at various speeds based on various movement commands provided by the user. The support frame structure 6 may have sufficient mechanical strength and rigidity to provide structural support to the system.

[0023] The X-ray flexible curved panel detector 7 receives an X-ray beam from an array of moving X-ray sources 5 for performing ultra-fast, high-efficiency 3D X-ray imaging. In this system, there are a plurality of pulsed X-ray sources 5 mounted on a structure that moves to form an array of the sources. The plurality of X-ray sources 5 move simultaneously around a subject on a predefined track at a constant group velocity. Each individual X-ray source can also move rapidly around the stationary position of the X-ray source at a short distance. When each individual X-ray source has a velocity equal to but in the opposite direction of movement of the group velocity, the individual X-ray source 5X-ray flexible curved panel detector 7 is triggered via an external exposure control unit. This arrangement enables the X-ray source 5 to remain relatively stationary during the X-ray pulse trigger exposure duration. The plurality of X-ray sources 5 results in a significant reduction in the source movement distance for each individual X-ray source 5.

[0024] Figure 2 illustrates how individual X-ray sources emit an X-ray beam in a momentary stationary position at the instant that the primary motor stage 2 and secondary motor stage 4 are moving in opposite directions but at the same speed. For one data acquisition cycle, the primary motor stage 2 moves in one direction at a constant speed and then returns to its initial position. While the primary motor stage 2 is moving at a constant speed, each secondary motor stage 4 is oscillating at a predetermined speed. When the secondary motor stage 4 moves in the opposite direction to the primary motor stage 1 and at the same constant speed, the X-ray source 5 and the X-ray flexible bending panel detector 7 are triggered. At this moment of triggering, the X-ray source 5 operates as if it were stationary while emitting an X-ray beam. Therefore, the dynamic placement of the stationary state of the X-ray source 5 allows the X-ray imaging system to acquire numerous images from locations at different spatial angles in a very short time. The duration of the constant-speed movement of the secondary motor stage 4 can be programmed by software to match the X-ray exposure time. When one secondary motor stage 4 is at a constant speed, the other secondary motor stage 4 may be accelerating, decelerating, or returning to its initial position in preparation for the next constant speed of the other secondary motor stage 4. The X-ray source 5 can also be programmed to perform exposures on demand based on each independent external trigger pulse in a random sequence. Given the widespread availability of ultrafast computers, image acquisition and real-time image analysis can be performed. Decisions made on the acquired images will influence the position of the X-ray source 5 for the next shot. It is not necessary to wait until the entire image acquisition is complete to perform image reconstruction.

[0025] The primary motor stage 2 moves along an arcuate rail together with one or more secondary motor stages 4 and performs ultra-fast, high-efficiency three-dimensional 3D X-ray imaging using an array of pulsed X-ray sources 5. This concept functions by moving an entire structure on a given arcuate track at a constant group velocity. One or more secondary motor stages 4 to which the array of pulsed X-ray sources 5 is attached can form a group. Each individual X-ray source 5 can also move rapidly around the stationary position of the X-ray source 5 over a small distance at a speed proportional to the group velocity. When each individual X-ray source 5 has a velocity equal to but in the opposite direction of movement of the group velocity, each individual X-ray source 5 is triggered via an external exposure control unit. This arrangement enables the X-ray source 5 to remain relatively stationary during the X-ray pulse trigger exposure duration. The plurality of X-ray sources 5 results in a significant shortening of the source movement distance for each individual X-ray source 5. The array of pulsed X-ray sources 5 is adapted to generate a set of projection data sets. The X-ray detector is a flexible curved panel detector 7, and the curvature of the flexible curved panel detector 7 can be changed on-site based on application needs. The X-ray receptor is the X-ray flexible curved panel detector 7. 3D X-ray imaging image projection data can be acquired with an overall much wider sweep in a much shorter period. Image analysis can also be performed in real time while the scanning progresses.

[0026] At this point, the secondary motor 3 will begin to move along the direction of movement of the primary motor. The X-ray source 5 will begin to emit X-rays, and at the same time, the X-ray receptor will receive X-ray imaging data or charge packets generated by the radiation. At the end of the movement of the primary motor 1, the primary motor begins to rotate to return to the starting position of the primary motor. The secondary motor 3 also begins to return to its original position after the X-ray source 5 has finished emitting X-rays.

[0027] One or more secondary motor stages 4 are structurally mounted for each array of X-ray sources 5. Each secondary motor stage 4 is designed to move its associated X-ray source 5 in a predetermined sequence. The predetermined sequence allows the associated X-ray source 5 to be swept around an arc-shaped track of a predetermined shape at a constant group speed. The secondary motor stages 4 can also move their associated X-ray sources 5 at high speed around a stationary position of the X-ray source 5, which is a short distance from the initial location of the X-ray source 5. Each secondary motor stage 4 is coupled with a speed control unit that enables independent control of the speed of the secondary motor stage 4. This provides the ability to control the speed of the secondary motor stage 4.

[0028] X-rays moving with the group are triggered only when the X-rays have a velocity equal to the group velocity but in the opposite direction of movement. Each individual X-ray source can also move rapidly around a stationary position of a short distance when there is no opposing movement by another X-ray source 5. When an individual X-ray source 5 has a velocity equal to the group velocity but in the opposite direction of movement, the individual X-ray source 5 and the X-ray flexible bending panel detector 7 are actuated via an external exposure control unit. This arrangement allows the X-ray sources 5 to remain relatively stationary during the X-ray pulse-triggered exposure duration. The primary motor stage 2 and one or more secondary motor stages 4 are positioned at predetermined initial locations. The primary motor 1 is configured to sweep the primary motor stage 2 at a predetermined constant speed. The primary motor stage 2 and secondary motor stages 4 are configured to be coupled to each other by gears or belts, or other coupling means such as chains, cables, or ropes. One or more individual pulse-activated X-ray sources 5 are configured to be mounted on a moving structure to form an array of sources. Multiple X-ray sources 5 move simultaneously as a group at a constant speed along a predetermined arc-shaped track relative to the subject. Each individual X-ray source 5 can also move rapidly around the stationary position of another X-ray source 5 at a short distance.

[0029] The X-ray flexible bending panel detector 7 is a new form of X-ray detector that is much thinner than conventional X-ray film plates. Furthermore, the X-ray flexible bending panel detector 7 is highly flexible and can easily bend to many different curvatures. For example, in some embodiments, the detector can even be bent circularly to acquire images around a human chest. The detector exhibits minimal geometric distortion and is highly sensitive. The simultaneous use of multiple sources makes this combination suitable for mammography or 3D X-ray security examinations. The detector can be positioned centrally in an array, allowing simultaneous detection of all sources. Large arrays of sources enable random emission schemes that reduce exposure time per source while achieving high overall image quality. The X-ray flexible bending panel detector 7, with its various pixel sizes, is a new type of X-ray detector that includes variable pixel sizes through binning. This would allow a single detector to provide sufficient data resolution for a variety of applications.

[0030] Figure 3 illustrates the total exposure position. In this case, there are five X-ray sources 5, and the five X-ray sources 5 perform a total of 25 X-ray exposures at different angular positions. However, each secondary motor stage 4 only needs to move one-fifth of the total travel distance. Therefore, when multiple X-ray tubes 5 operate in parallel, a large amount of projection data can be acquired in a short time. The X-ray flexible bending panel detector 7 is an X-ray receiver. In this case, the total number of X-ray sources 5 is 5 per set. In practice, the total number of X-ray sources 5 can range from 2 to 8 or more per set. Electronic signals always travel faster than mechanical motion. The bottleneck rate-limiting factor is always the movement of the motor stage itself. The next bottleneck is the limit of the detector's readout, because the detector also needs some time to read out a lot of megapixel data and transfer it to the computer.

[0031] The X-ray sources 5 are mounted on a moving structure to form an array of sources. Each X-ray source 5 can also be rapidly moved around the stationary position of an X-ray source 5 at a short distance, when the individual X-ray source 5 has a velocity equal to the group velocity but in the opposite direction of movement. The individual X-ray sources 5 and the X-ray flexible bending panel detector 7 are operated via an external exposure control unit. This arrangement allows the X-ray sources 5 to remain relatively stationary during the X-ray pulse trigger exposure duration. Multiple X-ray sources result in a significant reduction in the source travel distance for each individual X-ray source 5. The X-ray receptor is the X-ray flexible bending panel detector 7. 3D X-ray imaging data can be acquired over a much wider sweep overall in a much shorter time, and image analysis can also be performed in real time while the scan progresses. The X-ray detector, as an example of an imaging receptor, is highly flexible due to the properties of the substrate material, allowing for greater robustness against some undesirable effects such as vibration shock and strong magnetic fields. The X-ray flexible bending panel detector 7 is typically formed from a single continuous material.

[0032] The X-ray flexible curved panel detector 7 is coupled to the X-ray source 5 via a high-voltage cable, which connects the X-ray source 5 to an exposure control unit that provides a trigger signal to the source. Similarly, the flexible cable couples the X-ray detectors to an acquisition control unit that generates exposure and timing signals for detecting multiple X-ray sources 5 and detectors that are structurally mounted and moved along an arc-shaped rail at a constant group velocity. The X-ray sources 5 produce pulsed beams with typical peak power and average power. Each detector typically collects a large amount of data during one pulse width. The detector signal processing unit converts the signals from each detector into digital image data using common 3D X-ray detector system methods known in the art. This high-speed 3D X-ray imaging technique and equipment provides both wide-angle coverage and high-speed imaging.

[0033] Figure 4 illustrates a configuration of three sets of independent X-ray imaging systems that can be used in parallel as a combination to cover larger sweep angles. If the sweep angle coverage of each individual set is relatively small, for example less than 100 degrees, the three sets can be placed in the same plane to cover nearly 360 degrees. However, in a three-set combination configuration, the three sets do not need to be in the same plane. In addition to the one-set and three-set combinations, a two-set combination can also be used in practice. One advantage of a two-set configuration is that they are most likely to be in the same plane. The present invention has been described in detail with particular reference to currently preferred embodiments. Nevertheless, it will be understood that variations and modifications can be brought about within the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, the embodiments currently disclosed are considered illustrative and not limiting in all respects. The scope of the invention is thus indicated by the appended claims, and all modifications that fall within the meaning and scope of the equivalents of the claims are intended to be encompassed therein.

[0034] The flexible curved panel detector 7 includes a photoreceiving area having a curved surface and forming a curved geometric shape. A gantry supports an X-ray source 5 at one end of the detector and moves the X-ray source 5 along an arc-shaped trajectory relative to the sample being examined. The sample may be, for example, a part of the human body or a part of an electronic device. A fixed motor-driven detector table may also be mounted behind the detector. The array of multiple X-ray sources 5 is supported by a structure that allows the array to be moved simultaneously in the opposite direction to the motor-driven X-ray source table. The moving X-ray sources 5 include five sources indicated by numbers. Each light source is spaced a degree apart in a semicircular pattern around the arc-shaped rail. The sources are spaced a degree apart. Each source is coupled to a corresponding controller such that the source is triggered to emit X-rays when the source has a velocity equal to the group velocity but in the opposite direction of movement.

[0035] The sweep angle and radius can vary. The radius of the arc-shaped path determines the maximum subject size. The maximum subject size can also be measured in terms of the length of the track or the time for complete movement. Each of the X-ray sources 5 has its own motion control system. Multiple motion systems, one for each X-ray source 5, can be configured to move simultaneously around the subject on a predetermined track at a constant group velocity. Individual X-ray sources 5 can also move rapidly around a stationary position of a short distance. When an individual X-ray source 5 has a velocity equal to the group velocity but in the opposite direction of movement, the individual X-ray source 5 is triggered via an external exposure control unit. This arrangement allows the X-ray sources 5 to remain relatively stationary during the X-ray pulse trigger exposure duration. Each of the X-ray sources 5 is controlled by its own independent motion control system. A panel detector structure provides detection of multiple pulse-actuated X-ray sources 5 in motion. For example, a flexible bending panel detector or another type of X-ray detector. An X-ray flexible bending panel detector 7 would allow for a curved geometric shape to minimize image distortion.

[0036] The present invention relates to ultrafast 3D X-ray imaging and can be used in different fields such as medical diagnosis, industrial process inspection, transportation safety inspection, and X-ray security inspection. The patent also provides several embodiments. In the first embodiment, a 3D X-ray imaging system that uses a plurality of moving pulse-actuated X-ray sources together with a primary motor stage 2 that moves freely on an arc-shaped rail having a predetermined shape includes a primary motor that engages with the primary motor stage and controls the speed of the primary motor stage 2, a plurality of secondary motor stages 4 coupled to the primary motor stage 2 and moving along the direction of the arc-shaped rail, a plurality of secondary motors 3, each of which engages with the secondary motor stage 4 and controls the speed of the secondary motor stage 4, a plurality of X-ray sources 5, each of which is moved by the secondary motor stage 4, a support frame structure 6 that provides housing for the primary motor stage 1 and the secondary motor stage 4, and an X-ray flexible bending panel detector 7 for receiving X-ray beams and generating imaging data.

[0037] A primary motor 1 engages with and controls the speed of the primary motor stage 2, wherein the structure of the primary motor 1 is movably coupled to the primary motor stage 2 and coupled to the secondary motor stage 4. One embodiment of the present invention provides high-speed 3D dimensional X-ray imaging by using an array of X-ray sources 5 to move each X-ray source 5 on a predetermined track. The main drive structure is used to move one or more X-ray sources 5 simultaneously in two orthogonal directions while scanning a subject. The X-ray sources 5 may move in opposite directions around the subject, and when one X-ray source 5 moves in one direction, another X-ray source 5 moves in the opposite direction. Multiple motors control individual motors to control the individual movement of each X-ray source 5. Each X-ray source 5 moves at the same speed as the other X-ray sources 5 but in a different time frame. Each X-ray source 5 can also move rapidly around its stationary position at a short distance, and when an individual X-ray source 5 has a velocity equal to the group velocity but in the opposite direction of movement, the individual X-ray source 5 is triggered via an external exposure control unit. This arrangement allows the X-ray sources 5 to remain relatively stationary during the X-ray pulse triggered exposure duration. A flexible curved panel detector would allow for a curved geometric shape to minimize distortion.

[0038] A first embodiment of the present invention includes a system for providing high-speed 3D X-ray imaging, which uses a plurality of moving pulse-actuated X-ray sources together with a primary motor stage that moves freely on an arc-shaped rail having a predetermined shape, a primary motor 1 that engages with the primary motor stage 2 and controls the speed of the primary motor stage 2, a plurality of secondary motor stages 4 coupled to the primary motor stage 2 and moving along the direction of the arc-shaped rail, a plurality of secondary motors 3, each of which engages with the secondary motor stage 4 and controls the speed of the secondary motor stage 4, a plurality of X-ray sources 5, each of which is moved by the secondary motor stage 4, a support frame structure 6 that provides housing for the primary motor stage 2 and the secondary motor stage 4, and an X-ray flexible bending panel detector 7 for receiving X-ray beams and generating imaging data.

[0039] A primary motor 1 moves a primary motor stage 2. Multiple secondary motors 3 engage with a secondary motor stage 4, each controlling the speed of the secondary motor stage 4. The secondary motor stage 4 has a set of secondary motors 3 that control it to move along the direction of an arc-shaped rail. Each secondary motor stage 4 may have one or more X-ray sources 5 mounted on it. The X-ray flexible bending panel detector 7 receives X-ray beams from multiple X-ray sources 5 moving simultaneously around a subject on a predetermined track at a constant group speed. Each individual X-ray source 5 can also move rapidly around a stationary position of a short distance. When an individual X-ray source 5 has a speed equal to the group speed but in the opposite direction of movement, the individual X-ray source 5 is triggered via an external exposure control unit. This arrangement allows the X-ray sources 5 to remain stationary for a moment during the X-ray pulse trigger exposure duration.

[0040] Next, the support frame structure 6 will be described in detail. The support frame structure 6 consists of three sets of mounting brackets, namely a primary motor stage set, a secondary motor stage set, and a detector set. The primary motor stage set supports one or more motor secondary stages attached to one or more X-ray sources 5. The primary motor stage has a motor for the primary motor stage, and the primary motor stage moves along an arc-shaped rail by engagement with the rail and is controlled by the speed of the primary motor. The motor may be an electric stepping motor or a servo motor, etc. One or more secondary motor stages 4 support each X-ray source 5 and move along the direction of the arc-shaped rail. There may be several pairs of secondary motor stages 4 to enable simultaneous movement of each primary motor stage 2 and the secondary motor stage 4 associated with the primary motor stage 2. At least one flexible curved panel detector 7 (X-ray receptor) is mounted on the detector stage and receives the X-ray beam. The first drive unit and the second drive unit drive the first and second motor stages, respectively. The first drive unit includes a first gearbox connected to a primary motor stage set and a first speed control module connected to the first gearbox.

[0041] The present invention is described in terms of an ultrafast, highly efficient 3D X-ray imaging system having multiple pulse-actuated X-ray sources 5 moving at a constant speed. The multiple pulse-actuated X-ray sources 5 are mounted on a moving structure to form an array of sources. The array moves along a predetermined arc-shaped track, sweeping the subject with a wide field of view overall. Each X-ray source 5 can also move rapidly around its stationary position. When an individual X-ray source 5 has a speed equal to the group speed but in the opposite direction of movement, the individual X-ray source 5 is triggered via an external exposure control unit. This arrangement allows the X-ray sources 5 to remain relatively stationary during the X-ray pulse-triggered exposure duration. Image data is acquired from the X-ray sources 5 by an X-ray flexible bending panel detector 7. 3D projection data acquisition is performed when the secondary motor stage 4 moves in the opposite direction to the primary motor stage 2 and at a selected speed of the primary motor stage 2. This configuration allows the X-ray source 5 to remain relatively stationary during the X-ray pulse-triggered exposure duration.

[0042] This description focuses on systems and methods for performing high-speed dimensional X-ray imaging, but these techniques and devices may be applied to other uses, for example, in mammography or in other forms of dimensional imaging using X-rays, such as X-ray flexible bending panel detectors 7. In one embodiment, a plurality of pulsed-actuated X-ray sources 5 are mounted on a moving structure so as to form an array of X-ray sources 5. The plurality of X-ray sources move simultaneously with respect to the subject on a predetermined arc-shaped track at a constant velocity as a group. Each individual X-ray source 5 can also be moved rapidly around a stationary position of the X-ray source 5 at a short distance. When the individual X-ray sources 5 have a velocity equal to the group velocity but in the opposite direction of movement, the individual X-ray sources 5 and the X-ray flexible bending panel detector 7 are actuated via an external exposure control unit. This arrangement allows the X-ray sources 5 to remain relatively stationary while the X-ray sources 5 are acting and the X-ray detectors are exposed. A further embodiment of the present invention includes an X-ray flexible bending panel detector 7 for detecting X-ray photons emitted from an X-ray source 5 positioned on a structure moving relative to an imaged subject, the flexible bending panel detector 7 including a front surface having an X-ray scintillator for receiving X-ray photons.

[0043] Sweeping the primary motor stage 2 is performed by engaging the primary motor 1 with the primary motor stage 2, and then rotating the primary motor 1 to engage with a predetermined number of gears and shafts, thereby providing the primary motor stage 2 with free movement of an arc-shaped rail having a predetermined shape. This method further includes sweeping the primary motor stage 2 with the primary motor 1 at a predetermined constant speed.

[0044] This patent application describes a system and method for high-speed 3D X-ray imaging using three X-ray sources 5, namely, multiple X-ray sources 5 moving simultaneously around a subject on a predetermined rack at a constant group speed, together with a primary motor stage 2 that moves freely on an arc-shaped rail having a predetermined shape, a primary motor 1 that engages with the primary motor stage 2 and controls the speed of the primary motor stage 2, multiple secondary motor stages 4 coupled to the primary motor stage 2 and moving along the direction of the arc-shaped rail, multiple secondary motors 3, each of which engages with the secondary motor stage 4 and controls the speed of the secondary motor stage 4, multiple X-ray sources, each of which is moved by the secondary motor stage 4, a support frame structure 6 that provides housing for the multiple X-ray sources, the primary motor stage 2 and the secondary motor stage 4, and an X-ray flexible bending panel detector 7 for receiving X-ray beams to form imaging data.

[0045] Various modifications and changes to the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be noted that the steps listed in the claims of any of the following methods do not necessarily have to be performed in the order they are listed. Those skilled in the art will recognize variations in order when performing the steps. In addition, the absence of mention or description of features, steps, or components provides a basis for a claim in which non-existent features or components are excluded by proviso or similar claim language.

[0046] While various embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it should be understood that they are presented only as examples and not as limitations. Various figures may depict exemplary architectures or other configurations for the present invention, and this is done to aid in understanding the features and functionalities that may be included in the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the exemplary architectures or configurations illustrated, and desired features may be implemented using a variety of alternative architectures and configurations. In fact, how alternative functional, logical, or physical divisions and configurations may be implemented to implement desired features of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Furthermore, many different configuration module names other than those expressed herein may be applied to various divisions. In addition, with respect to flowcharts, operation descriptions, and method claims, the order in which the steps are presented herein does not obligate various embodiments to implement the listed functionalities in the same order, unless the context indicates otherwise.

[0047] The terms and phrases used in this document, as well as their variations, should be interpreted as open-ended, rather than restrictive, unless otherwise explicitly stated. For example, the term “including” should be interpreted as “including, but not limited to,” the term “example” should be used to provide illustrative examples of the items under discussion, rather than an exhaustive or restrictive list, the terms “a” or “an” should be interpreted as “at least one,” “one or more,” and similar adjectives and terms such as “conventional,” “traditional,” “usual,” “standard,” and “known” should not be interpreted as limiting the items listed in the items available in a given period or at a given time, but rather as encompassing conventional, traditional, usual, or standard techniques that are available or known now or at any future time. Therefore, where this document refers to a technique that is obvious or known to those skilled in the art, such a technique encompasses a technique that is obvious or known now or at any future time.

Claims

1. A system for providing high-speed 3D X-ray imaging using an X-ray flexible bending panel detector together with multiple motion-compensated pulsed X-ray sources, A primary motor stage that moves freely on an arc-shaped rail having a predetermined shape, A primary motor coupled to the primary motor stage and controlling the speed of the primary motor stage, Multiple secondary motor stages are coupled to the primary motor stage, move together with the primary motor stage, and are capable of individually vibrating along the direction of the arc-shaped rail, Multiple secondary motors, each engaging with a secondary motor stage and controlling the speed of the secondary motor stage, Multiple X-ray sources, each moved by a secondary motor stage, A support frame structure providing housings for the primary motor stage and the secondary motor stage, A system comprising an X-ray flexible bending panel detector for receiving an X-ray beam.

2. The system according to claim 1, comprising: a source array including a plurality of pulse-operated X-ray sources mounted on a moving secondary motor stage, wherein each of the plurality of pulse-operated X-ray sources moves simultaneously around a subject along the arc rail at the same speed as the primary motor stage, and when an individual X-ray source has a speed equal to the speed of the primary motor stage but in the opposite direction of movement, the individual X-ray source and the X-ray flexible bending panel detector are triggered via an exposure control unit.

3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the speed or position of the primary motor stage or secondary motor stage is adjustable by software.

4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the exposure time of the X-ray source is adjustable by software.

5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the X-ray source remains stationary relative to the X-ray flexible bending panel detector during the X-ray pulse trigger exposure duration.

6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the results of real-time image analysis determine the next X-ray source and exposure conditions.

7. The system according to claim 1, wherein the X-ray flexible bending panel detector acquires 3D X-ray imaging image projection data with a predetermined sweep over a predetermined period of time, and image analysis is performed in real time during scanning.

8. The system according to claim 1, wherein 3D X-ray images are reconstructed based on each image associated with the angled geometric arrangement of the X-ray source.

9. A method for high-speed 3D X-ray imaging using an X-ray flexible bending panel detector together with multiple motion-compensated pulsed X-ray sources, Positioning the primary motor stage and one or more secondary motor stages in predetermined initial locations, The primary motor sweeps the primary motor stage at a predetermined constant speed, Each of the aforementioned secondary motor stages is to be made to vibrate by the corresponding secondary motor in a predetermined sequence, When the secondary motor stage vibrates in the opposite direction to the primary motor stage and at the same speed as the primary motor stage, the X-ray source and the X-ray flexible bending panel detector are electrically activated. A method comprising receiving an X-ray beam from an X-ray source and then acquiring image data using an X-ray flexible bending panel detector.

10. The method according to claim 9, comprising using a stage table for scanning the subject.

11. The method according to claim 9, comprising randomly activating the X-ray source from any one of the sources in the array using a random emission scheme.

12. The method according to claim 9, comprising reconstructing a 3D X-ray image based on each image associated with an angled geometric arrangement of X-ray sources.

13. The method according to claim 9, wherein the X-ray flexible bending panel detector acquires 3D X-ray imaging image projection data over a predetermined time period with a predetermined sweep while performing image analysis in real time during scanning.

14. The method according to claim 9, comprising changing the sweep angle based on the region of interest.

15. The method according to claim 9, wherein the X-ray detector is coupled to a linear stage for adjusting its position based on the location of the X-ray source.

16. The method according to claim 9, wherein 4D imaging is performed by adding a time component to 3D spatial imaging data.

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