Surface material, method for manufacturing the same, and mold

Abstract

Provided is a skin material that is capable of achieving moderate air permeability and design improvement with a simple configuration and also achieving moderate stretchability while maintaining durability.　A skin material 1 is provided with through-holes 10 and non-through holes 20, and is configured to satisfy formula (1): 0.90 ≤ D2 / D1, where D1 represents the mean diameter of the openings of the through-holes 10, and D2 represents the mean diameter of the openings of the non-through holes 20, and satisfy formula (2): 0.04 ≤ H2 / H1 ≤ 0.99, where H1 represents the mean length of the through-holes 10, and H2 represents the mean depth of the non-through holes 20.

Description

[Technical Field] 【0001】 The present invention relates to a surface material having through holes and non-through holes, and a mold used in the manufacture of the surface material. [Background technology] 【0002】 Conventionally, in surface materials, particularly those for vehicle seats, multiple pores have been formed for the purpose of improving aesthetics and breathability (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). 【0003】 Patent Document 1 discloses a vehicle seat surface material in which, for the purpose of further improving design, the pores formed in the surface material are equipped with a phosphorescent material that stores light such as sunlight or artificial light, and are configured to emit light spontaneously. In the surface material of Patent Document 1, pores that narrow in stages or continuously are formed, and a resin layer containing a phosphorescent material is provided on the inner surface of the pores. 【0004】 Patent Document 2 discloses a vehicle seat surface material in which, in order to make the elongation characteristics of the deformable portion better than those of other portions, through holes and non-through holes are appropriately combined in the deformable portion of the surface material. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents] 【0005】 [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2009-262393 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2009-66208 [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve] 【0006】 The surface material described in Patent Document 1 has the problem of having a complex structure because it requires a phosphorescent material and a resin layer to enclose the phosphorescent material. 【0007】 While the surface material described in Patent Document 2 can be given extensibility by appropriately combining through-holes and non-through-holes, there is a risk that durability cannot be maintained depending on the average diameter of the openings of the through-holes and non-through-holes, the average length of the through-holes, the average depth of the non-through-holes, etc. 【0008】 This invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a surface material that can achieve adequate breathability and improved design with a simple structure, while maintaining durability and achieving adequate stretchability, and a mold used for manufacturing the surface material. [Means for solving the problem] 【0009】 The characteristic configuration of the surface material according to the present invention, which solves the above problems, is A surface material having through holes and non-through holes, When the average diameter of the openings of the through holes is D1 and the average diameter of the openings of the non-through holes is D2, the following equation (1): 0.90 ≤ D2 / D1 ··· (1) Satisfying the conditions, When the average length of the through-holes is H1 and the average depth of the non-through-holes is H2, the following equation (2): 0.04 ≦ H2 / H1 ≦ 0.99 (2) The objective is that it is configured to satisfy the following conditions. 【0010】 The surface material of this configuration is designed to have both through-holes and non-through-holes. This configuration ensures adequate breathability, and the through-holes and non-through-holes form a pattern, with the through-holes and non-through-holes contrasting with each other in terms of brightness, thus creating a design accent and improving aesthetic appeal. This effect can be achieved with a simple configuration that combines through-holes and non-through-holes. Furthermore, the ratio (D2 / D1) of the average diameters (D1, D2) of the through-holes and non-through-holes satisfies formula (1) above, and the ratio (H2 / H1) of the average length (H1) of the through-holes to the average depth (H2) of the non-through-holes satisfies formula (2) above, and is set within an optimal range. This allows for appropriate stretchability while maintaining durability. Needless to say, providing through-holes in the surface material also reduces the weight of the surface material. 【0011】 In the surface material according to the present invention, It is constructed as a multilayer sheet having a surface layer and a back layer. Preferably, the through-holes and non-through-holes have openings on the surface layer side. 【0012】 The surface material of this configuration is composed of a multilayer sheet with a surface layer and a back layer. Therefore, the surface material can be designed according to the customer's needs, for example, by using a material that feels good to the touch for the surface layer and a material with excellent shock absorption for the back layer. Furthermore, the through holes and non-through holes have openings on the surface layer side. That is, the through holes and non-through holes are opened on the side that is visible when in use, and the through holes and non-through holes can be clearly seen as a pattern. In addition, for example, when the surface material of the present invention is used as a surface material for a vehicle seat, the through holes and non-through holes are opened on the side where the user sits, resulting in excellent breathability, which can more effectively improve stuffiness and stickiness caused by perspiration. 【0013】 In the surface material according to the present invention, It is preferable that the shortest distance between the opening of the through hole and the opening of the non-through hole is set to 2 mm or more. 【0014】 According to the skin material of this configuration, the shortest distance between the opening of the through hole and the opening of the non-through hole is set to 2 mm or more. Thereby, the pressure for forming the through hole and the tension for forming the non-through hole can be appropriately applied. Therefore, the through hole and the non-through hole can be reliably formed into arbitrary shapes. 【0015】 Moreover, the characteristic configuration of the skin material according to the present invention for solving the above problems is a skin material obtained by performing an embossing process in which a sheet (thickness: x) serving as a raw material is sandwiched between an embossing roll having a first mold part (diameter: d1, height: h1) and a second mold part (diameter: d2, height: h2) and a receiving roll having an elastic part, and rotating the embossing roll and the receiving roll while heating the embossing roll, wherein the first mold part, the second mold part, and the sheet satisfy the following formulas (3), (4), and (5): 0.90 ≦ d2 / d1 ··· (3) 0.10 ≦ h2 / h1 ≦ 0.99 ··· (4) x ≦ h1 ··· (5) and are configured to satisfy the above. 【0016】 The skin material of this structure is obtained by performing an embossing process in which a sheet as a raw material is sandwiched between an embossing roll having a first mold part and a second mold part and a receiving roll having an elastic part, and rotating the embossing roll and the receiving roll while heating the embossing roll. According to the skin material of this structure, with respect to the first mold part (diameter: d1, height: h1), the second mold part (diameter: d2, height: h2), and the sheet (thickness: x), the above formulas (3), (4), and (5) are satisfied. Therefore, the obtained skin material includes through holes formed by the first mold part and non-through holes formed by the second mold part, and the ratio (D2 / D1) regarding the average diameters (D1, D2) of each of the through holes and the non-through holes satisfies the above formula (1), and the ratio (H2 / H1) regarding the average length (H1) of the through holes and the average depth (H2) of the non-through holes satisfies the above formula (2). Therefore, it is possible to achieve ensuring appropriate air permeability and improving designability with a simple configuration, and to realize appropriate extensibility while maintaining durability. 【0017】 Furthermore, the characteristic configuration of the skin material according to the present invention for solving the above problems is an arranging step of arranging a sheet (thickness: x) as a raw material between a pressing member having a first mold part (diameter: d1, height: h1) and a second mold part (diameter: d2, height: h2) and a receiving member having an elastic part, a pressing step of pressing the pressing member against the receiving member while heating the pressing member, a recovering step of releasing the pressing of the first mold part and the second mold part and taking out the sheet, and the skin material obtained by performing wherein the first mold part, the second mold part, and the sheet are configured to satisfy the following formulas (6), (7), and (8): 0.90 ≦ d2 / d1 ··· (6) 0.10 ≦ h2 / h1 ≦ 0.99 ··· (7) x ≦ h1 ··· (8) 【0018】 ​The surface material of this configuration is obtained by performing an arrangement step of placing the raw material sheet between a pressing member having a first mold part and a second mold part and a receiving member having an elastic part; a pressing step of pressing the pressing member against the receiving member while heating it; and a recovery step of releasing the pressing of the first mold part and the second mold part and taking out the sheet. With the surface material of this configuration, the first mold part (diameter: d1, height: h1), the second mold part (diameter: d2, height: h2), and the sheet (thickness: x) satisfy the above equations (6), (7), and (8). Therefore, the obtained surface material has through holes formed by the first mold part and non-through holes formed by the second mold part, the ratio (D2 / D1) of the average diameters (D1, D2) of the through holes and non-through holes respectively satisfies the above equation (1), and the ratio (H2 / H1) of the average length (H1) of the through holes to the average depth (H2) of the non-through holes satisfies the above equation (2). Therefore, it is possible to achieve adequate breathability and improved design with a simple structure, while maintaining durability and achieving appropriate stretchability. 【0019】 Next, the characteristic configuration of the mold according to the present invention for solving the above problem is as follows: A roll-shaped embossing die used in the manufacture of a surface material having through holes and non-through holes, The mold has a first mold section (diameter: d1, height: h1) and a second mold section (diameter: d2, height: h2), The following equations (9) and (10): 0.90 ≤ d² / d1 ··· (9) 0.10 ≦ h2 / h1 ≦ 0.99 (10) The objective is that it is configured to satisfy the following conditions. 【0020】 With this mold configuration, the first mold section (diameter: d1, height: h1) and the second mold section (diameter: d2, height: h2) satisfy equations (9) and (10) above. The surface material obtained using such a mold configuration has through holes formed by the first mold section and non-through holes formed by the second mold section, and the ratio (D2 / D1) of the average diameters (D1, D2) of the through holes and non-through holes, respectively, satisfies equation (1) above, and the ratio (H2 / H1) of the average length (H1) of the through holes to the average depth (H2) of the non-through holes satisfies equation (2) above. Therefore, it is possible to achieve adequate breathability and improved design with a simple configuration, and to obtain a surface material that can achieve adequate stretchability while maintaining durability. Furthermore, with this mold configuration, through holes and non-through holes can be formed simultaneously by the first mold section and the second mold section, thus reducing the workload. 【0021】 Furthermore, the characteristic configuration of the mold according to the present invention for solving the above problems is as follows: A flat embossing die used in the manufacture of a surface material having through holes and non-through holes, The mold has a first mold section (diameter: d1, height: h1) and a second mold section (diameter: d2, height: h2), The following equations (11) and (12): 0.90 ≤ d2 / d1 ··· (11) 0.10 ≦ h2 / h1 ≦ 0.99 (12) The objective is that it is configured to satisfy the following conditions. 【0022】 With this mold configuration, the first mold section (diameter: d1, height: h1) and the second mold section (diameter: d2, height: h2) satisfy equations (11) and (12) above. The surface material obtained using such a mold configuration has through holes formed by the first mold section and non-through holes formed by the second mold section, and the ratio (D2 / D1) of the average diameters (D1, D2) of the through holes and non-through holes, respectively, satisfies equation (1) above, and the ratio (H2 / H1) of the average length (H1) of the through holes to the average depth (H2) of the non-through holes satisfies equation (2) above. Therefore, it is possible to achieve adequate ventilation and improved design with a simple configuration, and to obtain a surface material that can achieve adequate stretchability while maintaining durability. Furthermore, with this mold configuration, through holes and non-through holes can be formed simultaneously by the first mold section and the second mold section, thus reducing the workload. [Brief explanation of the drawing] 【0023】 [Figure 1] Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the laminated structure of a surface material according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a textured surface material according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a method for manufacturing a substrate that is a raw material for a surface material according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] Figure 4 schematically shows the structure of a roll-shaped embossing apparatus used for manufacturing a surface material according to one embodiment of the present invention, where (a) is a side view and (b) is an enlarged view of part A in (a). [Figure 5] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a flat plate-shaped embossing apparatus used in the manufacture of a surface material according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] Figure 6 is an explanatory diagram of a method for manufacturing a surface material according to one embodiment of the present invention using a roll-shaped embossing die, where (a) is a side view and (b) is an enlarged view of part B of (a). [Figure 7]Figure 7 is an explanatory diagram of a method for manufacturing a surface material according to one embodiment of the present invention using a flat embossing die, where (a) is a diagram showing the placement process, (b) is a diagram showing the pressing process, and (c) is a diagram showing the recovery process. [Figure 8] Figure 8 shows a surface material according to an embodiment of the present invention, and is a plan view of the main part of the diamond pattern formed on one side surface. [Modes for carrying out the invention] 【0024】 The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In the following embodiments, the explanation will focus particularly on a surface material used as a surface component for a vehicle seat, and a mold used in the manufacture of the surface material. However, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments and configurations described below or shown in the drawings. 【0025】 The present invention can employ various configurations within the same technical concept. For example, some of the configurations shown in the following embodiments may be omitted or replaced with other configurations, or other configurations may be included. The figures used in the following description of the embodiments schematically represent a predetermined configuration. Therefore, the correspondence between each figure and other figures, or the correspondence with the numerical values ​​that specify the configuration in the figures as described later, may not be accurate. In particular, in Figures 1, 3, 6, and 7, the thickness relationships of each layer showing the layer structure of the surface material have been appropriately exaggerated or simplified for the sake of ease of explanation, and do not strictly reflect the magnitude relationship (scale) of each layer in the actual surface material. Also, in Figures 1, 3, 6, and 7, hatching indicates a cross-section. 【0026】 <Overall composition of the surface material> Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the laminated structure of a surface material according to one embodiment of the present invention. The surface material 1 shown in Figure 1 includes a base material 3, through holes 10, and non-through holes 20. 【0027】 <Base material> The base material 3 is a sheet that serves as the raw material for the surface material 1. Various sheet materials can be used as the base material 3. For example, various sheet materials with different thicknesses can be used as the base material 3. In the example shown in Figure 1, the base material 3 is configured as a multilayer sheet (a three-layer laminate) with cushioning properties, comprising a surface layer 5, a back layer 7, and a backing fabric 9. In this case, the surface material 1 is also a three-layer laminate with cushioning properties, comprising a surface layer 5, a back layer 7, and a backing fabric 9. However, the base material 3 may be a laminate of two or more layers, or four or more layers. In this case, the surface material 1 is also a laminate with the same structure, consisting of the same number and type of layers as the base material 3. For example, if the base material 3 is a two-layer laminate, this base material 3 may be a laminate of a surface layer 5 and a back layer 7. Alternatively, the base material 3 may be a single-layer sheet material that is not a laminate. That is, the base material 3 may be a thick sheet material with cushioning properties. 【0028】 In the following explanation, in the surface material 1 and the base material 3, the surface on the side where the surface layer 5 is provided (the upper surface in Figure 1) is referred to as the "one-side surface," and the surface on the side where the backing layer 7 (backing fabric 9) is provided (the lower surface in Figure 1) is referred to as the "other-side surface." 【0029】 One side surface of the base material 3 becomes one side surface of the surface material 1, and the other side surface of the base material 3 becomes the other side surface of the surface material 1. In other words, one side surface of the surface material 1 and one side surface of the base material 3 refer to the same surface. In the surface material 1, one side surface refers to the side that is visible when used as a covering material for a vehicle seat (the design side). In the surface material 1, the through holes 10 and non-through holes 20 are provided on one side surface of the base material 3 and have openings on the surface layer 5 side. Thus, the through holes 10 and non-through holes 20 are opened on the side that is visible when in use, and the through holes 10 and non-through holes 20 can be clearly seen as a pattern. Furthermore, for example, when the surface material 1 is used as a surface material for a vehicle seat, the through holes 10 and non-through holes 20 are opened on the side where the user sits, resulting in excellent breathability, which can more effectively improve stuffiness and stickiness caused by perspiration. 【0030】 In the surface material 1, the portion where the non-through hole 20 is formed becomes a recess 31, and the area around the recess 31 becomes relatively convex, forming a convex portion 33. These recesses 31 and convex portions 33 form an uneven surface 35 on one side surface of the base material 3. 【0031】 The thickness (x) of the base material 3 is preferably, for example, 0.5 to 11 mm. A thickness of 0.5 mm or more of the base material 3 allows for easy formation of non-through holes 20. A thickness of 11 mm or less of the base material 3 allows for easy formation of through holes 10. The thickness of the base material 3 is more preferably 1 to 6 mm. If the base material 3 is a laminate formed by laminating cushion members, the thickness of the cushion members is not particularly limited. From the viewpoint of forming through holes 10, forming non-through holes 20, and shaping the uneven portion 35, the thickness of the cushion members is preferably 10 mm or less, and more preferably 5 mm or less. 【0032】 The base material 3 preferably contains a thermoplastic material in part, from the viewpoint of forming through holes 10 and non-through holes 20, and the shapeability of the uneven portion 35. The base material 3 may be a single-layer sheet material consisting only of a surface layer 5, or it may be a laminate in which other members (e.g., a back layer 7, a backing cloth 9, etc.) are laminated on the surface layer 5. The method of forming the laminate is not particularly limited, and examples include a method using an adhesive or a method using frame lamination. Among these, the method using frame lamination is preferred from the viewpoint of process load and weight reduction. 【0033】 The base material 3 may be colored with known dyes or pigments. The base material 3 may be subjected to pre-treatment such as pre-setting or scouring, or post-treatment such as functional processing to impart water repellency, stain resistance, or flame retardancy, or heat setting. 【0034】 <Surface layer> The surface layer 5 is not particularly limited and can include, for example, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, artificial leather, synthetic leather (including PU leather and PVC leather), and natural leather (including split leather). A composite of two or more of these is also acceptable. 【0035】 The surface layer 5 preferably contains fibers as a component. The fibrous material constituting the surface layer 5 is not particularly limited, but thermoplastic fibers are preferred from the viewpoint of forming through holes 10 and non-through holes 20, as well as the shapeability and durability of the uneven surface 35. Examples of thermoplastic fibers include synthetic fibers such as polyester, polypropylene, and nylon, and semi-synthetic fibers such as acetate and triacetate. These can be used individually or in combination of two or more. Among these, synthetic fibers are more preferred from the viewpoint of physical properties, particularly strength, abrasion resistance, and heat resistance, polyester fibers are even more preferred, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers are particularly preferred. The fibrous material is preferably composed mainly of thermoplastic fibers, but it may also be a combination of fibers other than thermoplastic fibers, such as natural fibers and regenerated fibers, by methods such as blending, filament blending, twisting, weaving, and knitting, as long as it does not affect its physical properties. 【0036】 <Underlayer> Examples of the backing layer (cushioning material) 7 include synthetic resin foam, woven fabric, knitted fabric, nonwoven fabric, etc. Among these, synthetic resin foam is preferred from the viewpoint of shapeability, and polyurethane foam is preferred from the viewpoint of versatility. 【0037】 <Lining> Examples of the lining fabric 9 include woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, and nonwoven fabrics. The lining fabric 9 is used with consideration to preventing soiling of the receiving roll 43 and receiving member 63 (described later) when forming the through holes 10 and non-through holes 20, reducing the process load (for example, allowing the outer material 1 to slide smoothly during sewing), and preventing damage to the backing layer 7. 【0038】 [Definition of through-hole and non-through-hole] The through-hole 10 provided in one side surface of the base material 3 (one side surface of the surface material 1) is a hole that penetrates from one side surface to the other surface of the base material 3 (surface material 1). The non-through-hole 20 provided in one side surface of the base material 3 (one side surface of the surface material 1) is a bottomed recess 31 that does not penetrate the base material 3 (surface material 1). 【0039】 <Ratio of average hole diameter (D2 / D1)> In the through-holes 10 and non-through-holes 20, when the average diameter of the opening of the through-holes 10 is D1 and the average diameter of the opening of the non-through-holes is D2, D1 and D2 are set such that the following equation (1) is satisfied. 0.90 ≤ D2 / D1 (1) Preferably, 0.97 ≤ D2 / D1 ≤ 1.24, and more preferably, 1.08 ≤ D2 / D1 ≤ 1.10. 【0040】 Here, the average diameters D1 and D2 can be determined by observing one side surface of the substrate 3 (surface material 1) at 20x magnification using a microscope (VHX-200 / 100F manufactured by Keyence Corporation), measuring the diameter at 10 arbitrary locations, and calculating the average value of these measurements. Note that the diameter of the hole opening is the diameter of the circle if the cross-sectional shape of the opening is circular, and the diameter of an equivalent circle with the same area as the area of ​​the non-circular figure if it is not circular. 【0041】 <Ratio of average length of through-holes to average depth of non-through-holes (H2 / H1)> In the through-holes 10 and non-through-holes 20, when the average length of the through-holes 10 is H1 and the average depth of the non-through-holes 20 is H2, H1 and H2 are set to satisfy the following equation (2). 0.04 ≦ H2 / H1 ≦ 0.99 (2) Preferably, 0.13 ≤ H2 / H1 ≤ 0.21. 【0042】 Here, the average length H1 of the through holes 10 and the average depth H2 of the non-through holes 20 can be determined by observing the vertical cross-section of the base material 3 (surface material 1) at 20x magnification using a microscope (VHX-200 / 100F manufactured by Keyence Corporation), measuring the length / depth at any 10 locations, and calculating the average value of these measurements. 【0043】 <Shortest distance between through-holes and non-through-holes> The shortest distance (L) between the through-hole 10 and the non-through-hole 20, that is, the shortest distance (L) between the opening (open end) of the through-hole 10 and the opening (open end) of the non-through-hole 20 adjacent to the through-hole 10, is preferably 2 mm or more, and more preferably 3 mm or more. By having a shortest distance (L) of 2 mm or more, the aesthetic appeal can be improved. If the shortest distance (L) is less than 2 mm, the pressure required to form the through-hole 10 and the tension required to form the non-through-hole 20 are dispersed, and in particular, the shape of the through-hole 10 becomes distorted, making it impossible to form the through-hole 10 in an arbitrary shape. Therefore, the aesthetic appeal may be impaired. 【0044】 Furthermore, it is preferable that the shortest distance (L) is at least 0.5 times the thickness (x) of the base material 3. By having the shortest distance (L) be at least 0.5 times the thickness (x) of the base material, the base material 3 between the through hole 10 and the non-through hole 20 can be made less susceptible to deformation due to pressure. As a result, a design with a textured surface can be obtained, and the tactile feel will be excellent. 【0045】 [Through hole shape] The shape of the through-hole 10 is not particularly limited, and examples include prisms, frustums, and cones such as circular, elliptical, polygonal, cloud-shaped, star-shaped, and flower-shaped holes. That is, the through-hole 10 may have an opening end that is, for example, circular, elliptical, polygonal, cloud-shaped, star-shaped, or flower-shaped. Furthermore, the through-hole 10 may have opening ends on one side surface of the base material 3 and opening ends on the other side surface that are the same shape or different shapes (including similar shapes). In addition, the through-hole 10 may be such that, when viewed directly from one side surface of the base material 3, the center of the opening end shape on one side surface and the center of the opening end shape on the other side surface are offset from each other. When multiple through-holes 10 are provided, the shape of either one or both of the opening ends on one side surface and the other side surface of the base material 3 in the through-hole 10 may be different in some or all of the multiple through-holes 10. The inner wall of the through-hole 10 may be inclined, stepped, concave, convex, or straight, or a combination of these. From the viewpoint of the strength and breathability of the resulting surface material 1, and the shape of the hole (reproducibility of the shape of the first mold part 51 described later), the through-hole 10 is preferably a frustum or a cone. 【0046】 [Size of the through-hole] The size of the through-hole 10 (opening area on one side surface) should be 0.19 to 7.07 mm from a strength standpoint. 2 (If the opening end shape is round (circular), it is preferable that it corresponds to an opening area with an average diameter of 0.5 to 3 mm.) 【0047】 [Distribution of through-holes (average density)] The distribution of through-holes 10 (average density) is 100 holes / (25.4 mm) from a strength perspective. 2 Preferably, the following, and more preferably, from the viewpoint of breathability, 8 to 100 pieces / (25.4 mm) 2 That is the case. 【0048】 [Opening ratio of through holes] From the viewpoint of strength, the opening ratio of the through-holes 10 is preferably 2.77 to 14.26%, and from the viewpoint of breathability, the lower limit is preferably 10.5% or more. The opening ratio of the through-holes 10 is the ratio of the total area of ​​the multiple through-holes 10 to the unit area. The total area of ​​the multiple through-holes 10 is the sum of the opening areas of all the through-holes 10 present in a unit area of ​​the surface material 1. Here, "unit area" refers to the area (1 repeat area) of the rectangle (including squares) surrounding the multiple through-holes 10 when the multiple through-holes 10 appearing on one side surface of the base material 3 are viewed directly. 【0049】 [Non-through hole shape] The shape of the non-through hole 20 is not particularly limited, and examples include prisms, frustums, and cones of circular, elliptical, polygonal, cloud-shaped, star-shaped, and flower-shaped forms. That is, the non-through hole 20 may be a recess 31 whose bottom surface and opening end are, for example, circular, elliptical, polygonal, cloud-shaped, star-shaped, or flower-shaped. Alternatively, the non-through hole 20 may be a recess 31 whose bottom surface and opening end are the same shape or different shapes (including similar shapes). Furthermore, the non-through hole 20 may be a recess 31 in which, when the recess 31 appearing on one side surface of the base material 3 is viewed directly, the center of the bottom surface and the center of the opening end shape are offset from each other. 【0050】 The non-through hole 20 may be a recess 31 whose bottom surface is not parallel to one side surface (or the other side surface) of the base material 3. Alternatively, the non-through hole 20 may be a recess 31 that has a bottom point or base instead of a bottom surface, and whose opening end is, for example, circular, elliptical, polygonal, cloud-shaped, star-shaped, or flower-shaped. 【0051】 The inner wall of the non-through hole 20 may be, for example, inclined, stepped, concave, convex, or straight, or a combination thereof. If multiple non-through holes 20 are provided, the shape of the non-through hole 20 may be such that the shape of either the bottom surface or the opening end, or both, differs for some or all of the multiple non-through holes 20. 【0052】 [Size of non-penetrating holes] The size of the non-through holes 20 (opening area on one side surface), the distribution of the non-through holes 20 (average density), and the opening ratio of the non-through holes 20 are not particularly limited and can be set appropriately according to the desired shape of the uneven surface 35. 【0053】 In the surface material 1 of the present invention, the thickness of the protrusions 33 in the uneven surface portion 35 of the surface material 1 is 0.5 to 11 mm, which makes it possible to have one or more through holes 10 and one or more non-through holes 20. If the thickness of the protrusions 33 is less than 0.5 mm, it becomes difficult to form the non-through holes 20. If the thickness of the protrusions 33 exceeds 11 mm, it becomes difficult to form the through holes 10. Note that the protrusions 33 are locations in the base material 3 that are neither through holes 10 nor non-through holes 20. Therefore, the height (thickness) of the protrusions 33 will be the same as the thickness (x) of the base material 3. 【0054】 Figure 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an uneven pattern in a surface material according to one embodiment of the present invention. In Figures 2(a) to (g), the black dots indicate through holes 10 and non-through holes 20 arranged in various patterns, representing areas that are relatively concave in the surface material 1. In Figures 2(a) to (g), the white areas indicate areas in the surface material 1 that are neither through holes 10 nor non-through holes 20, representing convex portions 33 (see Figure 1) that are relatively convex in the surface material 1. Examples of uneven patterns that appear on the surface material 1 due to these concave portions formed by the through holes 10 and non-through holes 20 and the convex portions 33 include the diamond pattern in Figure 2(a), the stripe pattern in Figure 2(b), the full-surface pattern in Figure 2(c), the honeycomb pattern in Figure 2(d), the grid pattern in Figure 2(e), the random pattern in Figure 2(f), and the gradient pattern in Figure 2(g). Other arrangement patterns for the through-holes 10 and non-through-holes 20 include, for example, border patterns, scale patterns, plover patterns, Shippo patterns, and wavy line patterns. 【0055】 In the surface material 1, by providing through holes 10 and non-through holes 20, adequate breathability can be ensured, and the through holes 10 and non-through holes 20 form a pattern, and in terms of brightness, the through holes 10 and non-through holes 20 stand out from each other, creating a design accent and improving the aesthetic appeal. Furthermore, by changing the arrangement pattern of the through holes 10 and non-through holes 20, the aesthetic appeal of the surface material 1 can be further improved. 【0056】 The surface material 1 is constructed as a multi-layered sheet comprising a surface layer 5, a backing layer 7, and a backing fabric 9. Therefore, the surface material 1 can be designed according to the customer's needs, for example, by using a material that feels good to the touch for the surface layer 5 and a material with excellent shock absorption for the backing layer 7. Furthermore, the through holes 10 and non-through holes 20 have openings on the side of the surface layer 5. That is, the through holes 10 and non-through holes 20 are opened on the side that is visible during use, and the through holes 10 and non-through holes 20 can be clearly seen as a pattern. In addition, for example, when the surface material 1 is used as a surface material for a vehicle seat, the through holes 10 and non-through holes 20 are opened on the side where the user sits, resulting in excellent breathability and more effectively improving stuffiness and stickiness caused by perspiration. 【0057】 In the surface material 1, the shortest distance (L) between the opening of the through hole 10 and the opening of the non-through hole 20 is set to 2 mm or more. This allows the pressure required to form the through hole 10 and the tension required to form the non-through hole 20 to be applied appropriately. Therefore, the through hole 10 and the non-through hole 20 can be reliably formed in any desired shape. 【0058】 <Method for manufacturing the base material> Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a method for manufacturing a base material that is a raw material for a surface material according to one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 3, a polyurethane foam sheet, for example, that constitutes the backing layer 7 is fed out from a first drum (not shown), and a polyester knitted sheet, for example, that constitutes the backing fabric 9 is fed out from a second drum (not shown). The surface of the polyurethane foam sheet is heated with a heating means (burner 101), and the polyester knitted sheet is fed downstream while being held between pinch rolls 103 and 105 so as to bond the molten surface of the polyurethane foam sheet. In a two-layer sheet (laminated sheet) in which the polyester knitted sheet and the polyurethane foam sheet are overlapped and welded together, the surface of the polyurethane foam sheet is heated with a heating means (burner 107), and the polyester woven sheet, for example, that constitutes the surface layer 5, which is fed out from a third drum (not shown), is fed downstream while being held between pinch rolls 105 and 109 so as to bond the molten surface of the polyurethane foam sheet. Then, a three-layer sheet, formed by overlapping and welding a polyester woven sheet, a polyurethane foam sheet, and a polyester knitted sheet, is wound onto a winding roll (not shown) as the base material 3 for the surface material 1. 【0059】 <Roll-shaped embossing die> Figure 4 schematically shows the structure of a roll-shaped embossing apparatus used for manufacturing a surface material according to one embodiment of the present invention, where (a) is a side view and (b) is an enlarged view of part A in (a). The embossing apparatus 300 shown in Figure 4(a) includes a roll-shaped embossing die 40. The embossing die 40 includes an embossing roll 41 in which a body portion 41a has a ridged forming portion 41b corresponding to the shape of the through hole 10 and the non-through hole 20, and a receiving roll (backup roll) 43 having an elastic portion 43b, which will be described later. Furthermore, the embossing apparatus 300 includes a heating portion 45 for heating the embossing roll 41 from the outside or inside. 【0060】 <Embossed Roll> The main body 41a of the embossing roll 41 has a roll shape that extends in the horizontal axis direction and is made of a metal material such as steel, similar to known embossing dies. 【0061】 <First mold part, second mold part> During the embossing process described later, the molding section 41b contacts the surface of the base material 3 and presses against the surface of the base material 3. Accordingly, the molding section 41b forms through holes 10 and non-through holes 20 on the surface of the base material 3. As shown in Figure 4(b), the molding section 41b includes a first mold section 51 (diameter: d1, height: h1) and a second mold section 52 (diameter: d2, height: h2). The first mold section 51 is the convex portion of the molding section 41b corresponding to the through holes 10. The second mold section 52 is the convex portion of the molding section 41b corresponding to the non-through holes 20. The embossing die 40 is configured such that the first mold section 51 and the second mold section 52 satisfy the following equations (9) and (10). 0.90 ≤ d² / d1 ··· (9) 0.10 ≦ h2 / h1 ≦ 0.99 (10) In equation (9), preferably 0.90 ≤ d2 / d1 ≤ 1.1. Also, in equation (10), preferably 0.40 ≤ h2 / h1 ≤ 0.99, and more preferably 0.80 ≤ h2 / h1 ≤ 0.96. 【0062】 In the first mold section 51, the first diameter (d1) is the average value of the maximum and minimum diameters of the penetration portion into the base material 3. The diameter of the penetration portion into the base material 3 in the first mold section 51 is the diameter of the circle if the cross-sectional shape of the portion that penetrates the base material 3 in the first mold section 51 is circular, and if it is not circular, it is the diameter of an equivalent circle with the same area as the area of ​​the non-circular figure. In the second mold section 52, the second diameter (d2) is the average value of the maximum and minimum diameters of the penetration portion into the base material 3. The diameter of the penetration portion into the base material 3 in the second mold section 52 is the diameter of the circle if the cross-sectional shape of the portion that penetrates the base material 3 in the second mold section 52 is circular, and if it is not circular, it is the diameter of an equivalent circle with the same area as the area of ​​the non-circular figure. 【0063】 In the first mold section 51 and the second mold section 52, the difference between the first height (h1) and the second height (h2) is preferably 80% or less of the thickness (x) of the base material. By having a difference of 80% or less between the first height (h1) and the second height (h2), a non-through hole 20 can be formed. 【0064】 For example, when the thickness (x) of the base material 3 is 11 mm, the first height (h1) of the first mold part 51 is 0.1 to 10.9 mm higher than the second height (h2) of the second mold part 52. By having a difference of 0.1 mm or more between the first height (h1) and the second height (h2), through holes 10 and non-through holes 20 are formed simultaneously. In this way, the processing load can be reduced and the productivity of the surface material 1 can be increased. By having a difference of 10.9 mm or less between the first height (h1) and the second height (h2), non-through holes 20 can be formed. The difference between the first height (h1) and the second height (h2) is preferably 0.1 to 2.0 mm, and more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 mm. 【0065】 The shape of the first molded portion 51 is not particularly limited, and examples include prisms, frustums, and cones of circular, elliptical, polygonal, cloud-shaped, star-shaped, and flower-shaped forms. That is, the first molded portion 51 may be a molded portion whose top surface (the part that forms the open end on the other surface side of the through hole 10) is, for example, circular, elliptical, polygonal, cloud-shaped, star-shaped, or flower-shaped. 【0066】 In the first mold portion 51, the top surface and the base (the portion that forms the opening end on one side surface of the through hole 10) may be molded portions of the same shape or different shapes (including similar shapes). Also, in the first mold portion 51, when viewed straight from the top surface toward the base, the centers of the top surface and the base may be offset from each other. Furthermore, the side surface of the first mold portion 51 (the portion that forms the inner wall of the through hole 10) may be, for example, inclined, stepped, concave, convex, or straight, or a combination of these shapes. 【0067】 In particular, the first mold portion 51 is preferably a frustum or a cone, from the viewpoint of facilitating the formation of the through hole 10. Also, for the same reason, the top surface of the first mold portion 51 is preferably circular, and more preferably, the part of the first mold portion 51 other than the periphery of the top surface (the inside of the top surface) is a concave portion 51a (see Figure 4(b)). The top surface of the first mold portion 51 may also be a slope (a shape like the cross-section of a single blade). This makes it easier for the first mold portion 51 to penetrate the base material 3, and facilitates the formation of the through hole 10. When multiple first mold portions 51 are provided, the shape of the first mold portion 51 may be such that the shape of either the top surface or the base, or both, differs for some or all of the multiple first mold portions 51. 【0068】 The size of the top surface of the first mold portion 51 is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of facilitating the formation of the through hole 10, it is preferable that it be smaller than the size of the top surface of the second mold portion 52. 【0069】 The shape of the second mold portion 52 is not particularly limited, and examples include prisms, frustums, and cones of circular, elliptical, polygonal, cloud-shaped, star-shaped, and flower-shaped forms. That is, the second mold portion 52 may be an imprinted portion whose top surface (the part that forms the bottom surface of the non-through hole 20) is, for example, circular, elliptical, polygonal, cloud-shaped, star-shaped, or flower-shaped. 【0070】 In the second mold portion 52, the top surface and the base (the portion forming the opening end of the non-through hole 20) may be molded portions of the same shape or different shapes (including similar shapes). Also, in the second mold portion 52, when viewed straight from the top surface towards the base, the centers of the top surface and the base may be offset from each other. Furthermore, the side surface of the second mold portion 52 (the portion forming the inner wall of the non-through hole 20) may be, for example, inclined, stepped, concave, convex, or straight, or a combination of these shapes. 【0071】 When multiple second molded sections 52 are provided, the shape of the second molded section 52 may be such that the shape of either the top surface or the base, or both, differs for some or all of the multiple second molded sections 52. 【0072】 <Receiving role> The receiving roll 43 includes a main body portion 43a with a circular cross-section extending in the horizontal axis direction, and an elastic portion 43b provided on the outer circumferential surface of the main body portion 43a. The elastic portion 43b is integral with the main body portion 43a on its outer circumferential surface. The main body portion 43a is formed from the same material (e.g., steel) as the main body portion 41a of the embossing roll. The outer circumferential surface of the elastic portion 43b is a smooth surface. "Smooth" means, for example, a state without height differences or without irregularities. Therefore, "smooth surface" includes, for example, a smooth flat surface, a smooth curved surface, and a smooth inclined surface. In the roll-shaped receiving roll 43, the outer circumferential surface of the elastic portion 43b is a smooth curved surface. 【0073】 The elastic portion 43b is formed from, for example, a known resin or rubber. The resin forming the elastic portion 43b is not particularly limited and includes, for example, thermoplastic elastomers or plastics. Examples of rubber include silicone rubber, nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber, butyl rubber, urethane rubber, fluororubber, or natural rubber. Among these, silicone rubber or fluororubber is preferred from the viewpoint of heat resistance. From the viewpoint of durability, nitrile rubber, urethane rubber, or natural rubber is preferred. From the viewpoint of versatility, silicone rubber is preferred. As mentioned above, silicone rubber has excellent heat resistance. Silicone rubber is inexpensive. The rubber forming the elastic portion 43b may be one or more rubbers selected from the group including the aforementioned multiple rubbers. Examples of thermoplastic elastomers include polyurethane elastomers, nylon elastomers, and polyvinyl chloride elastomers. Examples of plastics include acrylic resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polypropylene resin, polystyrene resin, polyethylene resin, and polyethylene terephthalate resin. 【0074】 The elastic part 43b is preferably formed from a resin with a hardness of A30 to D95. More preferably, the elastic part 43b is preferably formed from a resin with a hardness of A45 to D90. The above values ​​are the average values ​​of hardness obtained by the hardness test method shown below, in accordance with JIS K6253-3:2012 (Vulcanized rubber and thermoplastic rubber - Method for determining hardness - Part 3: Durometer hardness). The difference in the hardness test method due to the difference between types A and D is the testing machine; the specimen shape, test environment, test time, and number of test points are the same. [Hardness Testing Method] Testing machine Type A: Type A Durometer (Polymer Instruments Co., Ltd. Digital Rubber Hardness Tester DD4-A) Type D: Type D Durometer (Polymer Instruments Co., Ltd. Digital Rubber Hardness Tester DD4-D) Specimen dimensions (width x height x thickness): 40mm x 60mm x 11mm Test environment (temperature, relative humidity): 23±2℃, 50±5%RH Measurement time: instantaneous Number of measurement points: 5 points 【0075】 By using a receiving roll 43 having an elastic portion 43b, the clearance described later can be achieved. Furthermore, in the embossing die 40, when the base material 3 passes between the embossing roll 41 and the receiving roll 43, the elastic portion 43b deforms (elastically deforms), thereby increasing the area of ​​the elastic portion 43b that contacts the back surface of the base material 3. Accordingly, through holes 10 with a shape through which the first mold portion 51 penetrates, and non-through holes 20 with a shape matching the second mold portion 52 can be formed on the surface of the base material 3. 【0076】 <Heating part> The heating section 45 is attached to the inside or outside of the embossing roll 41. The heating section 34 heats the embossing roll 41 (forming section 41b) to a predetermined temperature. The heating temperature of the embossing roll 41 (i.e., the heat treatment temperature of the base material 3 during heating and pressing) can be set appropriately according to the material of the base material 3. For example, if the material of the base material 3 is polyethylene terephthalate (melting point: 260°C), the heating temperature is preferably 100 to 210°C, and more preferably 120 to 180°C. By setting the heating temperature to 100°C or higher, through holes 10 can be formed and a clear uneven shape (uneven design) can be formed, and the durability, especially the heat resistance, of the formed uneven shape is good. By setting the heating temperature to 210°C or lower, it is possible to suppress glossiness on the inner surface of the non-through holes 20, which impairs the design, and the texture becomes rough and hard. 【0077】 The time for pressing the heated embossing roll 41 onto the substrate 3 varies depending on the desired uneven surface shape, but the pressing time is preferably 0.01 to 5 seconds, and more preferably 0.1 to 2 seconds. Furthermore, a pressing time above the lower limit allows for the formation of through holes 10 and a clear uneven surface shape, while also ensuring good durability, particularly heat resistance, of the formed uneven surface. A pressing time below the upper limit prevents the surface from becoming rough and hard. 【0078】 When processing using the embossing die 40, the processing speed is usually 0.1 to 10 m / min, preferably 0.3 to 5 m / min. 【0079】 When processing using the embossing die 40, the pressing pressure is preferably 8 to 20 MPa, and more preferably 10 to 15 MPa. A pressure of 8 MPa or higher allows for easy formation of through holes 10. A pressure of 20 MPa or lower prevents glossiness from occurring on the inner surface of non-through holes 20, which impairs the design and prevents the texture from becoming rough and hard, and also improves productivity. 【0080】 The clearance between the top surface of the first mold portion 51 of the embossing roll 41 and the receiving roll 43 having the elastic portion 43b is preferably -2.0 mm to 0 mm, and more preferably -1.5 mm to -0.5 mm. By controlling the clearance within this range, through holes 10 can be formed, and a clear uneven shape can be created. 【0081】 <Flat embossing die> Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a flat plate embossing apparatus used for manufacturing a surface material according to one embodiment of the present invention. In the flat plate embossing apparatus 500 shown in Figure 5, parts that are the same as or similar to the roll-shaped embossing apparatus 300 shown in Figures 4(a) and (b) are simply given the same reference numerals in Figure 5, and their detailed explanation is omitted. 【0082】 The embossing apparatus 500 shown in Figure 5 includes a flat plate-shaped embossing die 60. The embossing die 60 includes a pressing member 61 having a main body 61a with a ridged molding portion 61b corresponding to the shape of the through hole 10 and the non-through hole 20, and a receiving member 63 having an elastic portion 63b, which will be described later. Furthermore, the embossing apparatus 500 includes a heating unit 65 that heats the pressing member 61 from the inside. 【0083】 <Pressing member> The main body 61a of the pressing member 61 is flat and made of a metal material such as steel, similar to known embossing dies. 【0084】 <First mold part, second mold part> During the embossing process described later, the molding section 61b contacts the surface of the base material 3 and presses against the surface of the base material 3. As a result, the molding section 61b forms through holes 10 and non-through holes 20 on the surface of the base material 3. The molding section 61b includes a first mold section 51 (diameter: d1, height: h1) and a second mold section 52 (diameter: d2, height: h2). The first mold section 51 is the convex portion of the molding section 61b corresponding to the through holes 10. The second mold section 52 is the convex portion of the molding section 61b corresponding to the non-through holes 20. The embossing die 60 is configured such that the first mold section 51 and the second mold section 52 satisfy the following equations (11) and (12). 0.90 ≤ d2 / d1 ··· (11) 0.10 ≦ h2 / h1 ≦ 0.99 (12) In equation (11), preferably 0.90 ≤ d2 / d1 ≤ 1.1. Also, in equation (12), preferably 0.40 ≤ h2 / h1 ≤ 0.99, and more preferably 0.80 ≤ h2 / h1 ≤ 0.96. 【0085】 <Support member> The receiving member 63 includes a flat main body portion 63a and an elastic portion 63b provided on the upper surface of the main body portion 63a. The main body portion 63a is made of the same material (for example, steel) as the main body portion 61a of the pressing member 61. The elastic portion 63b is integral with the main body portion 63a on its upper surface side. In the flat receiving member 63, the upper surface of the elastic portion 63b is a smooth plane. The elastic portion 63b is made of the same material as the elastic portion 43b described above. 【0086】 <Heating part> The heating unit 65 is installed inside the main body 61a of the pressing member 61. The heating unit 65 heats the pressing member 61 (molding part 61b) to a predetermined temperature. The heating temperature of the pressing member 61 (i.e., the heat treatment temperature of the base material 3 during heating and pressing) can be set appropriately according to the material of the base material 3. For example, if the material of the base material 3 is polyethylene terephthalate (melting point: 260°C), the heating temperature is preferably 100 to 210°C, and more preferably 120 to 180°C. By setting the heating temperature to 100°C or higher, through holes 10 can be formed and a clear uneven shape (uneven design) can be formed, and the durability, especially the heat resistance, of the formed uneven shape is good. By setting the heating temperature to 210°C or lower, it is possible to suppress glossiness on the inner surface of the non-through holes 20, which impairs the design, and the texture becomes rough and hard. 【0087】 The time for pressing the heated pressing member 61 onto the base material 3 varies depending on the desired uneven surface shape, but the pressing time is preferably 30 to 120 seconds, and more preferably 50 to 90 seconds. A pressing time above the lower limit allows for the formation of through holes 10 and a clear uneven surface shape, while also ensuring good durability, particularly heat resistance, of the formed uneven surface. A pressing time below the upper limit prevents the surface from becoming rough and hard. 【0088】 When processing using the embossing die 60, the processing speed is usually 0.5 to 6 m / min, preferably 0.6 to 3 m / min. 【0089】 When processing using the embossing die 60, the pressing pressure is preferably 8 to 20 MPa, and more preferably 10 to 15 MPa. A pressure of 8 MPa or higher allows for easy formation of through holes 10. A pressure of 20 MPa or lower prevents glossiness from occurring on the inner surface of non-through holes 20, which impairs the design and prevents the texture from becoming rough and hard, and also improves productivity. 【0090】 The clearance between the top surface of the first mold portion 51 of the pressing member 61 and the receiving member 63 having the elastic portion 63b is preferably -2.0 mm to 0 mm, and more preferably -1.5 mm to -0.5 mm. By controlling the clearance within this range, a through hole 10 can be formed, and a clear uneven shape can be created. 【0091】 <Manufacturing method for surface material using a roll-shaped embossing die> Figure 6 is an explanatory diagram of a method for manufacturing a surface material according to one embodiment of the present invention using a roll-shaped embossing die, where (a) is a side view and (b) is an enlarged view of part B in (a). As shown in Figures 6(a) and (b), the embossing roll 41 is in contact with one side surface of the base material 3, and the receiving roll 43 is in contact with the other side surface of the base material 3. In the embossing die 40, the base material 3 is sandwiched between the embossing roll 41 and the receiving roll 43. The receiving roll 43 rotates in accordance with the rotation of the embossing roll 41 while in contact with the other side surface of the base material 3. 【0092】 The surface material 1 is manufactured from the base material 3 by performing an embossing process as shown in Figures 6(a) and (b). In the embossing process, a sheet (thickness: x) of the base material 3, which is the raw material, is sandwiched between an embossing roll 41 having a first mold part 51 (diameter: d1, height: h1) and a second mold part 52 (diameter: d2, height: h2) and a receiving roll 43 having an elastic part. The embossing roll 41 and the receiving roll 43 are rotated while the embossing roll 41 is heated by a heating unit 45. 【0093】 Here, the first mold part 51, the second mold part 52, and the base material sheet 3 satisfy the following equations (3), (4), and (5). 0.90 ≤ d² / d1 ··· (3) 0.10 ≦ h2 / h1 ≦ 0.99 (4) x ≤ h1 ··· (5) In equation (3), preferably 0.90 ≤ d2 / d1 ≤ 1.1. Also, in equation (4), preferably 0.40 ≤ h2 / h1 ≤ 0.99, and more preferably 0.80 ≤ h2 / h1 ≤ 0.96. 【0094】 <Manufacturing method for surface material using a flat embossing die> Figure 7 is an explanatory diagram of a method for manufacturing a surface material according to one embodiment of the present invention using a flat embossing die, where (a) is a diagram showing the placement process, (b) is a diagram showing the pressing process, and (c) is a diagram showing the recovery process. As shown in Figures 7(a) to (c), the pressing member 61 is in contact with one side surface of the base material 3, and the receiving member 63 is in contact with the other side surface of the base material 3. In the embossing die 60, the base material 3 is sandwiched between the pressing member 61 and the receiving member 63. 【0095】 The surface material is manufactured from the base material 3 by performing the placement, pressing, and recovery processes shown in Figures 7(a) to 7(c). First, as shown in Figure 7(a), a sheet (thickness: x) of the base material 3, which is the raw material, is placed between a pressing member 61 having a first mold part 51 (diameter: d1, height: h1) and a second mold part 52 (diameter: d2, height: h2), and a receiving member 63 having an elastic part (placement process). Next, as shown in Figure 7(b), the pressing member 61 is lowered while being heated by a heating unit 65, and the pressing member 61 is pressed against the receiving member 63 (pressing process). Then, as shown in Figure 7(c), the pressing member 61 is raised to release the pressure on the first mold part 51 and the second mold part 52, and the sheet (base material 3) is removed (recovery process). 【0096】 Here, the first mold part 51, the second mold part 52, and the base material sheet 3 satisfy the following equations (6), (7), and (8). 0.90 ≤ d² / d1 ··· (6) 0.10 ≦ h2 / h1 ≦ 0.99 (7) x ≤ h1 ··· (8) In equation (6), preferably 0.90 ≤ d2 / d1 ≤ 1.1. Also, in equation (7), preferably 0.40 ≤ h2 / h1 ≤ 0.99, and more preferably 0.80 ≤ h2 / h1 ≤ 0.96. 【0097】 Although the above manufacturing method shows a configuration in which through holes 10 and non-through holes 20 are formed simultaneously, the through holes 10 and non-through holes 20 may also be formed in a two-step hole-forming process, such as forming the non-through holes 20 first and then the through holes 10, or forming the through holes 10 first and then the non-through holes 20. [Examples] 【0098】 The following describes examples of the surface material and mold of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples. 【0099】 [Example 1] The following base material 3 was used to manufacture the surface material of Example 1. Base material 3 was a three-layer laminate. The configurations of the surface layer 5, back layer 7 (cushioning material), and backing fabric 9 were as follows. The surface layer 5, back layer 7, and backing fabric 9 were bonded together by frame lamination. The thickness (x) of the obtained base material 3 was 4.0 mm. <Base material> Surface layer 5 (material, thickness x1): Woven fabric (twill weave structure, warp: interlaced yarn made of 110dtex / 144f polyester multifilament yarn and 65dtex / 24f polyester multifilament yarn, weft: 330dtex / 96f polyester multifilament false twist yarn), 1.0mm Backing layer 7 (material, thickness x2): Soft polyurethane foam (made by PT. INOAC POLYTECHNO INDONESIA), 2.5mm Backing fabric 9 (material, thickness x3): Knitted fabric (polyester circular knit fabric (made by PTHATTORI INDONESIA)), 0.5mm 【0100】 In the production of the surface material 1 of Example 1, the following embossing die 60 was used, and embossing was performed under the following conditions. Specifically, the base material 3 was placed between the pressing member 61 and the receiving member 63 so that one side of the surface faced the pressing member 61, and by pressing, through holes 10 and non-through holes 20 were formed simultaneously to obtain the surface material 1 of the present invention. <Embossed type> Specifications of the first type section 51 Shape (top surface, base): Circular, Circular Dimensions (top surface d1, base, height h1): Diameter 1.8mm, Diameter 1.8mm, 4.15mm Specifications of the second type section 52 Shape (top surface, base): Circular, Circular Dimensions (top surface d2, base, height h2): Diameter 1.8mm, Diameter 1.8mm, 4mm <Processing conditions for embossing> Surface temperature of the embossing die (pressing member 61): 190℃ Embossing receiving mold (material and hardness of elastic part 63b): Acrylic resin, D85 Conveying speed: 1m / min Pressing force: 1MPa Clearance between the top surface of the first mold part 51 and the receiving member 63: -1.5 mm In the embossing method described above, the pressing force, i.e., the pressure applied when using the embossing die 60, is applied for 0.2 seconds. At this time, the embossing device is set to a pressing force of 1 MPa, but because a plastic plate is sandwiched between the base material 3 and the receiving member 63, and the clearance is set to -1.5 mm, the actual pressing force is approximately 10 times greater. Therefore, although the device applies a force of 1 MPa, the actual pressing force applied is 10 MPa. 【0101】 Figure 8 shows a surface material according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, and is a plan view of the main part of the diamond pattern formed on one side surface. The surface material 1 of Embodiment 1 obtained had through holes 10, indicated by white circles, and non-through holes 20, indicated by black circles, formed in Figure 8. The through holes 10 had an average diameter (D1) of 1.55 mm, an average length (H1) of 3.92 mm, and a size of 1.89 mm.2 The number of particles is / , and the distribution density is 19 particles / (25.4 mm). 2 The opening ratio was 5.7%. Furthermore, the non-through holes 20 had an average diameter (D2) of 1.68 mm, an average depth (H2) of 0.68 mm, and a size (size of the opening end on one side surface) of 2.22 mm. 2 The distribution density is 7 items / (25.4 mm) 2 The aperture ratio was 2.5%. The shortest distance (L) between the through hole 10 and the adjacent non-through hole 20 was 3.92 mm. 【0102】 In the surface material 1 of Example 1, there was no variation in the size of the obtained through-holes 10 and non-through-holes 20, no fraying was observed around the openings of the through-holes 10, the glossiness of the non-through-holes 20 was uniform, and both the obtained through-holes 10 and non-through-holes 20 were clearly formed. Furthermore, no tears occurred in the backing fabric 9 corresponding to the back surface of the non-through-holes 20, and the design quality was good. The ratio (D2 / D1) of the average diameters (D1, D2) of the through-holes 10 and non-through-holes 20 was 1.08, and the ratio (H2 / H1) of the average length (H1) of the through-holes 10 to the average depth (H2) of the non-through-holes was 0.17, resulting in a surface material with excellent design quality while ensuring adequate breathability. Furthermore, the surface material had appropriate stretchability while maintaining durability. In addition, the through-holes 10 and non-through-holes 20 could be formed simultaneously, reducing the workload. 【0103】 [Examples 2-11, Comparative Example 1] In the pressing member 61, the specifications of the first mold part 51 and the second mold part 52 were changed as shown in Tables 1 to 4 below, and the pressing force in the processing conditions of the embossing method was changed to 2 MPa. Except for these changes, everything was the same as in Example 1 to obtain the surface material 1 of Examples 2 to 11 and Comparative Example 1. As in Example 1, a plastic plate was sandwiched between the base material 3 and the receiving member 63, and the clearance was processed to -1.5 mm, so in reality, the pressing force acting was approximately 10 times greater. Therefore, although the pressing force is 2 MPa, the actual pressing force acting was 20 MPa. 【0104】 [Example 12] Instead of using flat embossing dies and embossing receiving dies, roll-shaped embossing dies and embossing receiving dies were used, and the surface material 1 of Example 12 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the pressing force in the processing conditions of the embossing method was changed to 2 MPa. 【0105】 [Comparative Examples 2 to 4] The specifications of the first die part 51 and the second die part 52 in the base material 3 and the pressing member 61 were changed as described in Table 4 below, and the surface materials of Comparative Examples 2 and 3 were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the pressing force in the processing conditions of the embossing method was changed to 2 MPa. The specifications of the base material 3 were changed as described in Table 4 below, and the surface material 1 of Comparative Example 4 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the pressing force in the processing conditions of the embossing method was changed to 2 MPa. 【0106】 [Method for Measuring Air Permeability and Evaluation Criteria] (Measurement Method) Measurement was carried out in accordance with JIS L1096 8.26.A method (Frazee method). Judgment was made according to the following evaluation criteria. In the following evaluation criteria, evaluation "A" indicates that it is very good, evaluation "B" indicates passing, reaching a certain quality that does not pose a practical problem, and evaluation "C" indicates failing to reach a certain quality. (Evaluation Criteria) A: 3 cm 3 / cm 2 ·s or more B: 2 cm 3 / cm 2 ·s or more, less than 3 cm 3 / cm 2 ·s C: Less than 2 cm 3 / cm 2 ·s 【0107】 [Method for Judging Designability and Evaluation Criteria] (Judgment Method) The through-holes 10 and non-through-holes 20 were visually inspected and judged according to the following evaluation criteria. The lowest judgment was used as the design quality evaluation. That is, if, for example, even one of the evaluation items (1) to (6) below was judged as "C", the design quality evaluation was set to "C". (Evaluation Criteria) (1) Regarding the variation in the size of the through-hole 10 A: No variation B: There is a slight variation. C: Variability is noticeable. (2) Regarding fraying around the opening of the through hole 10 A: No fraying B: Slightly frayed C: Noticeable fraying (3) Regarding the shaping properties of the through hole 10 A: Clear B: Somewhat unclear C: Unclear (4) Regarding the variation in the size of the non-through holes 20 A: No variation B: There is a slight variation. C: Variability is noticeable. (5) Regarding the glossiness of the non-through holes 20 A: It has no shine and the gloss is uniform. B: Slightly shiny C: Shiny appearance is noticeable (6) Regarding the shaping properties of the non-through hole 20 A: Clear B: Somewhat unclear C: Unclear 【0108】 [Methods for measuring and evaluating durability] (Measurement method) One test specimen measuring 50 mm in width and 200 mm in length was taken from both the warp and weft directions. An isosceles trapezoidal mark with a top edge of 100 mm and a base edge of 150 mm was marked on each specimen, and a 10 mm cut perpendicular to the edge was made in the center of the top edge of the mark. The specimen was then mounted tautly on the grips of a tensile testing machine, Autograph AG-100A (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), with a grip width of 50 mm and a grip spacing of 100 mm, under conditions of room temperature (20 ± 2°C) and humidity (65 ± 5% RH). The specimen was torn at a moving speed of 200 m / min, and the load (N) was measured. The peak value read from the graph of the measured values ​​was used as the tear strength value. The results were judged according to the following evaluation criteria. (Evaluation Criteria) A:200N or more B: Less than 200N, 98N or more C: Less than 98N 【0109】 [Measurement methods and evaluation criteria for elongation] (Measurement method) Five test specimens measuring 80 mm in width and 250 mm in length were taken from each of the warp, weft, and bias directions. Markings were made at 100 mm intervals along the center of each specimen in the longitudinal direction. The specimens were mounted tautly on the grips of a constant-load elongation test apparatus (Martens type) (manufactured by Daiei Kagaku Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) with a gripping distance of 150 mm, under conditions of room temperature (23 ± 2°C) and humidity (50 ± 5% RH). A load of 10 kg was applied to the lower grips, including the lower grips themselves. The distance (L) between the markings was measured after 10 minutes, and the constant-load elongation rate (%) was calculated using the following formula. Constant load elongation rate (%) = (L - 100) / 100 × 100 After evaluating the maximum value in each direction according to the criteria, the worse of the two evaluations was used as the tensile strength of the test specimen. The evaluation was performed according to the following criteria. (Evaluation Criteria) A: 5% or more B: 3% or more, less than 5% C: Less than 3% 【0110】 [Table 1] 【0111】 [Table 2] 【0112】 [Table 3] 【0113】 [Table 4] 【0114】 In the embossing dies 40 and 60 used in Examples 1 to 12, the ratio (d2 / d1) of the first mold part 51 (diameter: d1, height: h1) and the second mold part 52 (diameter: d2, height: h2) is 0.90 to 1.10, and the ratio (h2 / h1) is 0.10 to 0.99, satisfying the conditions 0.90 ≤ d2 / d1 and 0.10 ≤ h2 / h1 ≤ 0.99 according to formulas (3), (6), (9), and (11) defined in the present invention. Furthermore, the base material 3 (thickness: x), which is a sheet that is the raw material for the surface material 1, and the first mold part 51 (diameter: d1, height: h1) satisfy the conditions x ≤ h1 according to formulas (5) and (8) defined in the present invention. 【0115】 The surface material 1 of Examples 1 to 12, obtained by performing an embossing process on the above sheet (base material 3) using embossing dies 40 and 60, had a ratio (D2 / D1) of 0.97 to 1.24 for the average diameters (D1, D2) of the through holes 10 and non-through holes 20, satisfying the condition 0.90 ≤ D2 / D1 according to formula (1) defined in the present invention. Furthermore, the surface material 1 of Examples 1 to 12 had a ratio (H2 / H1) of 0.04 to 0.95 for the average length (H1) of the through holes 10 and the average depth (H2) of the non-through holes, satisfying the condition 0.04 ≤ H2 / H1 ≤ 0.99 according to formula (2) defined in the present invention. The surface material 1 of Examples 1 to 12, which satisfy both the conditions of formula (1) and formula (2) as defined in the present invention, showed good results, with evaluations of "A" or "B" for breathability, design, durability, and elongation. In particular, the surface material 1 of Examples 1 to 3, 6, 7, 10 to 12, which have a ratio (D2 / D1) of 0.97 to 1.24 and a ratio (H2 / H1) of 0.13 to 0.21, showed very good results, with evaluations of "A" for breathability, design, durability, and elongation. 【0116】 In the surface material 1 of Examples 1-3, 6, 7, and 10-12, the through holes 10 and non-through holes 20 were uniform in size, well-formed and clear, there was no fraying around the openings of the through holes 10, and the non-through holes 20 were glossy and uniform. In the surface material 1 of Example 4, although most of the non-through holes 20 were glossy and uniform, some were slightly glossy, and the shape of the non-through holes 20 was somewhat unclear, resulting in a design evaluation of "B," but this did not pose any practical problems. In the surface material 1 of Example 5, the shapes of the through holes 10 and non-through holes 20 were somewhat unclear, and although there was little variation in the size of most of the non-through holes 20, there were some that varied slightly in size. In addition, although most of the non-through holes 20 were uniform and glossy without any shine, some that were slightly glossy, resulting in a rating of "B" for design, durability, and extensibility, but this did not pose any practical problems. In the surface material 1 of Example 8, although the shapes of most of the non-through holes 20 were neat and clear, some that were somewhat unclear in shape, resulting in a rating of "A" or "B" for design, but this did not pose any practical problems. In the surface material 1 of Example 9, the shapes of the non-through holes 20 were somewhat unclear, and there was some variation in size, as well as some that were slightly glossy, resulting in a rating of "B" for design, but this did not pose any practical problems. 【0117】 On the other hand, in the embossing die 60 used in Comparative Example 1, the ratio (d2 / d1) between the first mold part 51 (diameter: d1, height: h1) and the second mold part 52 (diameter: d2, height: h2) was 0.80, which was smaller than the lower limit of the range 0.90 ≤ d2 / d1 given by formulas (3), (6), (9), and (11) specified in the present invention. In the embossing die 60 used in Comparative Example 2, the ratio (h2 / h1) between the first mold part 51 (diameter: d1, height: h1) and the second mold part 52 (diameter: d2, height: h2) was 0.05, which was smaller than the lower limit of the range 0.10 ≤ h2 / h1 ≤ 0.99 given by formulas (4), (7), (10), and (12). In the embossing die 60 used in Comparative Example 3, the ratio (h2 / h1) between the first mold part 51 (diameter: d1, height: h1) and the second mold part 52 (diameter: d2, height: h2) was 1.00, which was greater than the upper limit of the condition 0.10 ≤ h2 / h1 ≤ 0.99 as defined by formulas (4), (7), (10), and (12). In the embossing die 60 used in Comparative Example 4, the condition x ≤ h1 as defined by formulas (5) and (8) of the present invention was not satisfied with respect to the base material 3 (thickness: x) and the first mold part 51 (diameter: d1, height: h1). 【0118】 Thus, in Comparative Examples 1 to 4, the embossing molds 60 did not satisfy the conditions specified by formulas (3) to (12) of the present invention in at least one of the ratio (d2 / d1), ratio (h2 / h1), and thickness x of the base material 3. 【0119】 The surface material 1 of Comparative Example 1, obtained by performing an embossing process using the embossing die 60 used in Comparative Example 1, had a ratio (D2 / D1) of 0.85 relating to the average diameters (D1, D2) of the through holes 10 and non-through holes 20, respectively, which was smaller than the lower limit of the condition 0.90 ≤ D2 / D1 defined by formula (1) in the present invention. The surface material 1 of Comparative Example 2, obtained by performing an embossing process using the embossing die 60 used in Comparative Example 2, had a ratio (H2 / H1) of 0.00 relating to the average length (H1) of the through holes 10 and the average depth (H2) of the non-through holes, which was smaller than the lower limit of the condition 0.04 ≤ H2 / H1 ≤ 0.99 defined by formula (2) in the present invention. In Comparative Example 3, the surface material 1 obtained by performing an embossing process using the embossing die 60 used in Comparative Example 3 had a ratio (H2 / H1) of 1.00 between the average length (H1) of the through holes 10 and the average depth (H2) of the non-through holes, which was greater than the upper limit of the condition 0.04 ≤ H2 / H1 ≤ 0.99 defined by formula (2) in the present invention. In Comparative Example 4, the surface material 1 obtained by performing an embossing process on the base material 3 (thickness: x ≤ h1) using the embossing die 60 used in Comparative Example 4 had a ratio (H2 / H1) of 1.00 between the average length (H1) of the through holes 10 and the average depth (H2) of the non-through holes, which was greater than the upper limit of the condition 0.04 ≤ H2 / H1 ≤ 0.99 defined by formula (2) in the present invention. 【0120】 Thus, in Comparative Examples 1 to 4, the surface material 1 did not satisfy the conditions specified by formulas (1) and (2) defined in the present invention in at least one of the ratios (D2 / D1) and (H2 / H1). 【0121】 In Comparative Example 1, the surface material 1 showed noticeable variations in the size of the through-holes 10, and the shape of the through-holes 10 was unclear in some areas, resulting in an aesthetic evaluation of "B" or "C". In Comparative Example 2, the surface material 1 had almost no non-through-holes 20, resulting in an aesthetic evaluation of "B" or "C". In Comparative Example 3, the surface material 1 had almost no through-holes 10, resulting in insufficient breathability and an evaluation of "C", as well as an aesthetic evaluation of "C". In Comparative Example 4, the surface material 1 showed noticeable variations in the size of the through-holes 10 and non-through-holes 20, their shapes were irregular and unclear, fraying was noticeable around the openings of the through-holes 10, and glossiness was noticeable around the non-through-holes 20, resulting in an aesthetic and durability evaluation of "C", and an elongation evaluation of "B" or "C". The surface materials 1 of Comparative Examples 3 and 4 had inferior aesthetic qualities. [Industrial applicability] 【0122】 The surface material of the present invention is suitably usable as upholstery for the seat and back of seats in automobiles, railway vehicles, aircraft, etc., but can also be used as upholstery for the seat and back of chairs used in offices and general households. [Explanation of symbols] 【0123】 1 Skin material 3. Base material (sheet) 5 Surface layer 7. Underlayer 10 Through holes 20 Non-through hole 40 Embossing mold (roll type) 41 Embossing Roll 43 Receiving Roll 45 Heating section 51 First mold section 52 Second mold section 60 Embossing molds (flat type) 61 Pressing member 63 Receiving member 65 Heating section

Claims

[Claim 1] A surface material having through holes and non-through holes, When the average diameter of the openings of the through holes is D1 and the average diameter of the openings of the non-through holes is D2, the following equation (1): 0.90≦D2 / D1... (1) Satisfying the conditions, When the average length of the through-holes is H1 and the average depth of the non-through-holes is H2, the following equation (2): 0.04 ≦ H2 / H1 ≦ 0.99... (2) A surface material configured to satisfy the requirements. [Claim 2] It is constructed as a multilayer sheet having a surface layer and a back layer. The surface material according to claim 1, wherein the through holes and non-through holes have openings on the surface layer side. [Claim 3] The surface material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the shortest distance between the opening of the through hole and the opening of the non-through hole is set to 2 mm or more. [Claim 4] A method for manufacturing a surface material, comprising an embossing step in which a sheet to be used as raw material (thickness: x) is sandwiched between an embossing roll having a first mold part (diameter: d1, height: h1) and a second mold part (diameter: d2, height: h2) and a receiving roll having an elastic part, and the embossing roll and the receiving roll are rotated while the embossing roll is heated, The first mold section, the second mold section, and the sheet are defined by the following formulas (3), (4), and (5): 0.90≦d2 / d1... (3) 0.10≦h2 / h1≦0.99... (4) x ≦ h1... (5) A method for manufacturing a surface material that satisfies the requirements. [Claim 5] The process involves placing a sheet (thickness: x) to be used as raw material between a pressing member having a first mold part (diameter: d1, height: h1) and a second mold part (diameter: d2, height: h2), and a receiving member having an elastic part. A pressing step in which the pressing member is heated and pressed against the receiving member, A recovery step involves releasing the pressure on the first mold part and the second mold part and removing the sheet. A method for manufacturing a surface material containing, The first mold section, the second mold section, and the sheet are defined by the following formulas (6), (7), and (8): 0.90≦d2 / d1... (6) 0.10 ≦ h2 / h1 ≦ 0.99... (7) x ≦ h1... (8) A method for manufacturing a surface material that satisfies the requirements. [Claim 6] A roll-shaped embossing die used in the manufacture of a surface material having through holes and non-through holes, The mold has a first mold section (diameter: d1, height: h1) and a second mold section (diameter: d2, height: h2), The following equations (9) and (10): 0.90≦d2 / d1... (9) 0.10 ≦ h2 / h1 ≦ 0.99 (10) A mold configured to satisfy the requirements. [Claim 7] A flat embossing die used in the manufacture of a surface material having through holes and non-through holes, The mold has a first mold section (diameter: d1, height: h1) and a second mold section (diameter: d2, height: h2), The following equations (11) and (12): 0.90≦d2 / d1... (11) 0.10 ≦ h2 / h1 ≦ 0.99 (12) A mold configured to satisfy the requirements.

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