Display body

Abstract

Provided is a technology capable of achieving a display body that does not require extremely high position accuracy in manufacturing, can be manufactured at relatively low cost, and produces a high forgery prevention effect. A display body (1) is provided with a base material (10) and pixels (PX). The pixels are arrayed in X and Y directions and have a dimension of 440 μm or less in the respective directions. Each pixel includes linear first to third regions (R1, R2, R3) each extending in the Y direction and arrayed in the X direction. At least a part of the pixel has a first coloring line (P1) in the first region, at least a part of the pixel has a second coloring line (PL2) exhibiting a color different from the first coloring line in the second region, and at least a part of the pixel has a third coloring line (PL3) exhibiting a color different from the first and second coloring lines. Each pixel is different from one or more other pixels in the dimension of one or more of the first to third coloring lines in the Y direction. Thus, a gradation display image is displayed.

Description

display body

[0001] The present invention relates to a display.

[0002] Conventionally, techniques have been developed to prevent the counterfeiting of printed matter such as banknotes, passports, securities, etc. One such anti-counterfeiting technique combines halftone dots or lines constituting a printed pattern with unevenness formed on a substrate or unevenness formed by ink buildup, thereby causing the color or shape of the image to change in response to changes in the observation angle, so that counterfeits can be easily determined by visual inspection.

[0003] An example of such a printed matter is described in Patent Document 1. This printed matter includes a base layer provided on a substrate for displaying a first image, a plurality of printing elements disposed thereon for displaying a second image, and a plurality of shielding elements provided on top of the printing elements to conceal them. When viewed from the front, this printed matter displays the first image, and when viewed from an oblique direction, for example, it displays the second image.

[0004] Patent Document 2 describes another example of a printed matter in which halftone dots or image lines are combined with concave and convex portions to produce changes in the color or shape of the image in response to changes in the viewing angle. In the printed matter described in Patent Document 2, a plurality of raised image lines, the same color as the substrate and having a convex cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, are arranged in a line pattern on a substrate. A plurality of colored image lines, each extending in the same longitudinal direction as the raised image lines and arranged at the same pitch as the raised image lines, are arranged on the array of raised image lines so that each colored image line at least partially overlaps one of the raised image lines. Each colored image line includes latent image elements and camouflage elements extending in the longitudinal direction and arranged in the width direction. At least a portion of the latent image elements exhibit a chromatic color, and the remaining portions of the latent image elements exhibit an achromatic color. The camouflage elements contained in each colored image line present a chromatic color complementary to the chromatic color of the latent image element contained in the colored image line at a position where the latent image element contained in the colored image line presents a chromatic color, and present an achromatic color similar to that of the latent image element at a position where the latent image element contained in the colored image line presents an achromatic color.

[0005] When this printed matter is observed from the front, the portions of the colored lines where the color of the latent image element and the color of the camouflage element are complementary to each other will exhibit the above-mentioned achromatic color. Therefore, when this printed matter is observed from the front, the entire print pattern consisting of the arrangement of these colored lines will exhibit the above-mentioned achromatic color.

[0006] When this printed matter is observed from an oblique direction parallel to a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the colored image lines, the influence of either the latent image element or the camouflage element on the display decreases as the angle of inclination of the observation direction increases. For example, under observation conditions where the influence of either the camouflage element on the display is small, a color image in which each region exhibits the color of the latent image element located there is displayed as a visible image.

[0007] In this printed matter, when the colored image lines are linear and the raised image lines are meandering, the extent of overlap between the colored image lines and the raised image lines varies depending on the location. Therefore, when viewed from an oblique direction, the extent of the influence of either the latent image element or the camouflage element on the display varies depending on the location. This printed matter utilizes this to enable the display of a gradation display image as the above-mentioned visible image.

[0008] Some printed materials that utilize anti-counterfeiting technology have a gloss, shine, or color (hue) that changes with changes in the direction of illumination or observation. Special processing is generally required to produce such printed materials. Therefore, this technology has the effect of preventing counterfeiting and imitation. This technology also has the effect of enhancing the merchantability of printed materials by imparting a unique aesthetic appearance.

[0009] Such a technique is described, for example, in Patent Document 3. In the technique described in Patent Document 3, a reflective rainbow hologram is first prepared by providing a relief structure corresponding to the interference fringes of light and then depositing a metal such as aluminum on the relief structure. Next, a thermoplastic resin is applied to part or the entire surface of the printed material, and the deposited surface of the rainbow hologram is heated and pressure-bonded to a resin layer. After the resin layer is cooled, the rainbow hologram is peeled off from the resin layer. In this way, a rainbow hologram is provided on the surface of the printed material.

[0010] Patent Document 4 describes the following technology: First, a base material is printed using colored ink to form a base layer on which arbitrary characters, designs, etc. are displayed. Next, a transparent ink is printed on this base layer to form a transparent layer having a linear concavo-convex structure on its surface. The transparent layer is formed by, for example, flexographic printing or silkscreen printing.

[0011] The transparent layer protects the surface of the base layer. The linear uneven structure on the surface of the transparent layer creates subtle changes in gloss depending on the viewing direction without interfering with the visibility of the image displayed by the base layer. This gloss adds a sense of luxury and interest to the printed matter. Furthermore, because the uneven structure cannot be reproduced even if the printed matter is copied, this technology also provides an anti-counterfeiting effect.

[0012] Patent Document 5 describes the following technology: First, colored inks are printed on a substrate by offset printing. Next, a transparent resin is applied to the surface of the substrate on which the colored inks have been printed, and this transparent resin layer is semi-dried. Next, the uneven structure is transferred to the surface of the transparent resin layer by pressure processing using a roll having a linear uneven structure on its outer surface. In this way, a printed matter is obtained whose gloss, brightness, or color tone changes with changes in the lighting direction or observation direction.

[0013] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2010-247460 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2018-199323 Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-186258 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2006-110782 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2009-226917

[0014] As described above, in the printed matter of Patent Document 1, it is necessary to provide shielding elements on all printing elements so that the printing elements are concealed when viewed from the front. If the relative positions of the shielding elements with respect to the printing elements deviate from the target positions, the first image will be visible when viewed from the front. Therefore, the production of this printed matter requires that the shielding elements be formed with extremely high positional accuracy.

[0015] In the printed matter of Patent Document 2, if the relative positions of the raised image lines and the colored image lines, or the relative positions of the latent image elements and the camouflage elements, deviate from the target positions, there is a possibility that an image with a different gradation expression from the original gradation display image will be displayed when viewed from an oblique direction. Therefore, the production of this printed matter also requires that the latent image elements and camouflage elements be formed with extremely high positional precision.

[0016] As described in Patent Document 3, the technique for forming a reflective rainbow hologram has the problem that the process is complicated and the manufacturing cost is relatively high.

[0017] As described in Patent Documents 4 and 5, a printed matter in which a transparent layer having a line-like uneven structure on its surface is provided on a printed layer made of colored ink does not require extremely high positional accuracy for production and can be produced at relatively low cost. However, because the line-like uneven structure can be easily provided on the transparent layer by transfer, the anti-counterfeiting effect achieved by this structure is not necessarily high.

[0018] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a technology that can realize a display that does not require extremely high positional accuracy in its manufacture, can be manufactured at relatively low cost, and has a high anti-counterfeiting effect.

[0019] According to one aspect of the present invention, a display device is provided which includes a substrate and a plurality of pixels arranged on the substrate, the plurality of pixels being arranged in first and second directions that intersect with each other, each having a dimension of 440 μm or less in each of the first and second directions, each of the plurality of pixels extending in the second direction and including linear first to third regions arranged in the first direction, at least some of the plurality of pixels being provided in the first region with a first color line that extends across the entire width of the first region and in the second direction, at least some of the plurality of pixels being provided in the second region with a second color line that extends across the entire width of the second region and in the second direction and has a color different from that of the first and second color lines, and each of the plurality of pixels is different from one or more of the other pixels in the plurality of pixels in terms of the dimension of one or more of the first to third color lines in the second direction, thereby providing a display device which displays a gradation display image.

[0020] According to another aspect of the present invention, the arithmetic mean W of the width W1 of the first region, the width W2 of the second region, and the width W3 of the third region is ＡＶ 1 and the absolute value of the difference between the width W1 and the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ Absolute value of the difference between 1 and the width W2, and the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ The absolute value of the difference between 1 and the width W3 is ＡＶ The indicator according to the above aspect is provided, wherein the ratio to 1 is within the range of 0 to 20%.

[0021] According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a display device relating to any of the above aspects, wherein each of the plurality of pixels further includes a linear fourth region extending in the second direction and arranged in the first direction relative to the first to third regions, and at least some of the plurality of pixels are provided with a fourth color line in the fourth region that spans the entire width of the fourth region, extends in the second direction, and is a color different from the first to third color lines.

[0022] According to still another aspect of the present invention, the arithmetic mean W of the width W1 of the first region, the width W2 of the second region, the width W3 of the third region, and the width W4 of the fourth region isＡＶ 2 and the absolute value of the difference between the width W1, the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ 2 and the absolute value of the difference between the width W2, the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ 2 and the absolute value of the difference between the width W3 and the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ The absolute values ​​of the differences between the width W2 and the width W4 are the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ The indicator according to the above aspect is provided, wherein the ratio to 2 is in the range of 0 to 20%.

[0023] According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device comprising: a substrate; and a plurality of pixels arranged on the substrate, the plurality of pixels being arranged in first and second directions intersecting each other, and each having a dimension of 440 μm or less in each of the first and second directions; each of the plurality of pixels extending in the second direction and including linear first to third regions arranged in the first direction; at least some of the plurality of pixels being provided in the first region with a first color line extending across the entire width thereof and in the second direction; at least some of the plurality of pixels being provided in the second region with a second color line extending across the entire width thereof and in the second direction and exhibiting a color different from that of the first color line; and at least some of the plurality of pixels being provided in the third region with a second color line extending across the entire width thereof and in the second direction and exhibiting a color different from that of the first color line. and a third color line having a color different from that of the second color line, and at least a portion of the plurality of pixels has a first region including a first portion where the first color line is not provided, a second region including a second portion where the second color line is not provided, or a third region including a third portion where the third color line is not provided, and one or more of the first to third portions has a fifth color line extending in the second direction and having a color different from that of the first to third color lines, and each of the plurality of pixels has one or more dimensions of the first to third color lines in the second direction different from those of one or more other of the plurality of pixels, and has a total area of ​​the fifth color line different from that of one or more other of the plurality of pixels, thereby providing a display device for displaying a gradation display image.

[0024] According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided the indicator according to the above aspect, wherein each of the first to third portions is provided with the fifth colored line over the entire length thereof.

[0025] Alternatively, according to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a display device according to the above aspect, in which the fifth coloring line is provided only in part of the first to third portions of at least some of the plurality of pixels.

[0026] Alternatively, according to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a display device relating to the above aspect, in which at least some of the plurality of pixels have the fifth color line only in a part of the first to third portions, and a sixth color line extending in the second direction and having a color different from that of the first to third color lines and the fifth color line is provided in the portion of the first to third portions where the fifth color line is not provided.

[0027] According to yet another aspect of the present invention, a display device relating to the above aspect is provided, in which, in each of the pixels including the sixth color line, the sum of the dimension of the first color line in the second direction and the dimension of the fifth color line provided in the first portion in the second direction, the sum of the dimension of the second color line in the second direction and the dimension of the fifth color line provided in the second portion in the second direction, and the sum of the dimension of the third color line in the second direction and the dimension of the fifth color line provided in the third portion in the second direction are all equal to each other.

[0028] According to yet another aspect of the present invention, the arithmetic mean W of the width W1 of the first region, the width W2 of the second region, and the width W3 of the third region is ＡＶ 1 and the absolute value of the difference between the width W1 and the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ Absolute value of the difference between 1 and the width W2, and the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ The absolute value of the difference between 1 and the width W3 is ＡＶ 1 is in the range of 0 to 20%, and the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ the difference between the width W5A of the fifth colored line located in the first region and the width W5A of the fifth colored line located in the first region, ＡＶ the difference between the width W5B of the fifth colored line located in the second region and the width W1 of the fifth colored line located in the second region, and the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ The difference between the width W5C of the fifth colored line located in the third region and the width W5C of the fifth colored line located in the third region is ＡＶThere is provided an indicator according to any of the above aspects, wherein the ratio to 1 is in the range of -20 to 34%.

[0029] According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a display device according to any of the above aspects, in which among the plurality of pixels, adjacent ones in the first direction have the same arrangement order of the first to third regions, and among the plurality of pixels, adjacent ones in the second direction have the same arrangement order of the first to third regions.

[0030] Alternatively, according to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a display device according to any of the above aspects, wherein among the plurality of pixels, those adjacent in the first direction have the same arrangement order of the first to third regions, and among the plurality of pixels, those adjacent in the second direction have different arrangement orders of the first to third regions.

[0031] According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided the indicator according to any one of the above aspects, wherein the width of the colored line is in the range of 2.0 to 100.0 μm.

[0032] According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a display device relating to any of the above aspects, in which each of the colored lines has a convex curved portion of the outline of a cross section perpendicular to the second direction that corresponds to the upper surface of the colored line.

[0033] According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided the indicator according to any one of the above aspects, wherein the height of the colored line is within a range of 0.2 to 12.0 μm.

[0034] According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided the indicator according to any one of the above aspects, wherein the root mean square roughness Rq of the colored line is 0.420 μm or less.

[0035] According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided the indicator according to any one of the above aspects, wherein the colored line is a printed line.

[0036] According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided the indicator according to any one of the above aspects, wherein the colored lines are formed by gravure offset printing.

[0037] According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided the display according to any one of the above aspects, wherein the colored lines include a vapor deposition layer provided on at least a part of the relief type diffraction grating.

[0038] According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a display according to the above aspect, wherein the plurality of pixels include a relief structure forming layer having the relief type diffraction grating provided on one surface thereof, and the vapor deposition layer partially covering the relief type diffraction grating.

[0039] FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a display according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an enlarged portion of the display shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the display shown in FIG. 2 taken along line III-III. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the display shown in FIG. 2 taken along line IV-IV. FIG. 5 is a plan view showing a further enlarged portion of the display shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 6 is a plan view showing an enlarged portion of a display according to a first modified example. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the display shown in FIG. 6 taken along line VII-VII. FIG. 8 is a plan view showing an enlarged portion of a display according to a second modified example. FIG. 9 is a plan view showing an enlarged portion of a display according to a third modified example. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the display shown in FIG. 9 taken along line X-X. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the display shown in FIG. 9 taken along line XI-XI. FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the display shown in FIG. 9 taken along line XII-XII. FIG. 13 is a plan view showing a further enlarged portion of the display shown in FIG. 9. FIG. 14 is a plan view showing an enlarged portion of a display according to a fourth modified example. FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the display body shown in FIG. 14 taken along line XV-XV. FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the display body shown in FIG. 14 taken along line XVI-XVI. FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of the display body shown in FIG. 14 taken along line XVII-XVII. FIG. 18 is a plan view showing a further enlarged portion of the display body shown in FIG. 14. FIG. 19 is a plan view showing a part of a display body according to a fifth modified example, where the enlarged portion is shown. FIG. 20 is a plan view showing a part of a display body according to a sixth modified example, where the enlarged portion is shown. FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of a display body according to a second embodiment of the present invention, where the enlarged portion is shown. FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of a transfer foil that can be used to manufacture the display body shown in FIG. 21. FIG. 23 is a plan view showing a part of a display body according to comparative example 4, where the enlarged portion is shown. FIG. 24 is a plan view showing a part of a display body according to comparative example 5, where the enlarged portion is shown. FIG. 25 is a plan view showing a part of a display body according to comparative example 6, where the enlarged portion is shown. FIG. 26 is a plan view showing a part of a display body according to comparative example 7, where the enlarged portion is shown.

[0040] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The embodiments described below are more specific embodiments of any of the above aspects. The following items can be incorporated into each of the above aspects, either singly or in combination. Furthermore, the embodiments shown below are merely examples of configurations for embodying the technical idea of ​​the present invention, and the technical idea of ​​the present invention is not limited by the materials, shapes, structures, etc. of the components described below. Various modifications can be made to the technical idea of ​​the present invention within the technical scope defined by the claims.

[0041] In the drawings, elements having the same or similar functions are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant explanations will be omitted. Furthermore, the drawings are schematic, and the relationship between dimensions in one direction and dimensions in another direction, and the relationship between the dimensions of one member and the dimensions of another member, etc. may differ from the actual relationship.

[0042] <1> First embodiment <1.1> Configuration of display body Fig. 1 is a plan view showing a display body according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view showing an enlarged portion of the display body shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III of the display body shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV of the display body shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a plan view showing a further enlarged portion of the display body shown in Fig. 1.

[0043] 1 to 5 is a printed matter. The display 1 includes a substrate 10 and a plurality of pixels PX arranged thereon.

[0044] The substrate 10 may be any substrate as long as it is printable. Here, the substrate 10 is a film or a plate. The substrate 10 may have other shapes as long as it has a printable area on its surface.

[0045] The substrate 10 includes a printing region PR shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 on its surface. Here, the printing region PR has a rectangular shape, but the printing region PR may have other shapes. Also, here, the printing region PR is provided only on a portion of one surface of the substrate 10, but the printing region PR may be provided on the entire one surface of the substrate 10. Also, here, the substrate 10 includes one printing region PR, but the substrate 10 may include multiple printing regions PR. Furthermore, here, the printing region PR is provided only on one surface of the substrate 10, but the printing region PR may be provided on both surfaces of the substrate 10.

[0046] The pixels PX are arranged in the X direction and the Y direction on the printing region PR. Here, the X and Y directions are first and second directions that intersect with each other, respectively. The X and Y directions are parallel to the printing surface of the substrate 10, and are orthogonal here. The X and Y directions may be directions that intersect at an angle. Furthermore, the Z direction is a direction perpendicular to the X and Y directions, and is the thickness direction of the substrate 10 here.

[0047] The pixels PX have the same shape and dimensions. Here, the pixels PX have a substantially square shape. The pixels PX may have other shapes. For example, each pixel PX may have a rectangular shape. Alternatively, each pixel PX may have a shape formed by arranging three or four rectangles in the length direction of the short sides, with the positions of adjacent rectangles shifted in the length direction of the long sides.

[0048] The pixel PX has a size or period of 440 μm or less in each of the X and Y directions. That is, the pixel PX has dimensions W and L shown in FIG. 5 each of 440 μm or less. If these dimensions are increased, the resolution decreases, and when the display 1 is observed with the naked eye, each of one or more pixels PX becomes visible and distinguishable from other adjacent pixels PX.

[0049] The dimensions of the pixel PX in each of the X and Y directions are preferably 440.0 μm or less, and the dimensions of the pixel PX in each of the X and Y directions are preferably 6.0 μm or more.

[0050] Each pixel PX includes a first region R1, a second region R2, and a third region R3. The first region R1, the second region R2, and the third region R3 are linear regions that extend in the Y direction and are arranged in the X direction.

[0051] As shown in Figure 5, the first region R1 has a dimension W1 in the X direction and a dimension LR in the Y direction. The second region R2 has a dimension W2 in the X direction and a dimension LR in the Y direction. The third region R3 has a dimension W3 in the X direction and a dimension LR in the Y direction. The dimensions W1, W2, and W3 may be equal to or different from one another. Note that, hereinafter, the dimensions W1, W2, and W3 may be referred to as widths W1, W2, and W3, respectively.

[0052] 2 , at least some of the pixels PX are provided with a first color line PL1 in a first region R1 that spans the entire width and extends in the Y direction. At least some of the pixels PX are provided with a second color line PL2 in a second region R2 that spans the entire width and extends in the Y direction and has a different color than the first color line PL1. At least some of the pixels PX are provided with a third color line PL3 in a third region R3 that spans the entire width and extends in the Y direction and has a different color than the first color line PL1 and the second color line PL2.

[0053] In other words, the array of pixels PX includes an array of first color lines PL1, an array of second color lines PL2, and an array of third color lines PL3. The first color lines PL1, second color lines PL2, and third color lines PL3 each have a linear shape extending in the Y direction and exhibit different colors. Each of the first color lines PL1 is located within one of the first regions R1 of the pixels PX. Each of the second color lines PL2 is located within one of the second regions R2 of the pixels PX. Each of the third color lines PL3 is located within one of the third regions R3 of the pixels PX.

[0054] In this embodiment, all the colored lines are printed lines, that is, each colored line is formed by printing ink.

[0055] 2, all pixels PX are provided with the first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, and the third color line PL3. One or more of the pixels PX may not include one or more of the first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, and the third color line PL3.

[0056] In each of the first regions R1 in which the first coloring lines PL1 are provided, the dimension in the X direction, i.e., the width W1P, of the first coloring lines PL1 is constant in the Y direction. The first coloring lines PL1 included in different pixels PX have the same width W1P. The width W1P of the first coloring lines PL1 is equal to the dimension W1.

[0057] In each second region R2 in which the second color line PL2 is provided, the dimension in the X direction of the second color line PL2, i.e., the width W2P, is constant in the Y direction. The second color lines PL2 included in different pixels PX have the same width W2P. The width W2P of the second color line PL2 is equal to the dimension W2.

[0058] In each of the third regions R3 in which the third coloring line PL3 is provided, the dimension in the X direction of the third coloring line PL3, i.e., the width W3P, is constant in the Y direction. The third coloring lines PL3 included in different pixels PX have the same width W3P. The W3P of the third coloring line PL3 is equal to the dimension W3.

[0059] The width W1P of the first colored line PL1, the width W2P of the second colored line PL2, and the width W3P of the third colored line PL3 are preferably in the range of 2 to 100 μm, and more preferably in the range of 2 to 50 μm. Colored lines with small widths and large heights are difficult to form with high shape accuracy. Increasing the width of a colored line shortens the distance between adjacent colored lines in the X direction.

[0060] It is preferable that the widths W1P, W2P, and W3P are approximately equal to each other. That is, it is preferable that the widths W1, W2, and W3 are approximately equal to each other. The arithmetic mean W of the widths W1, W2, and W3 is ＡＶ Absolute value of the difference between 1 and width W1, arithmetic mean W ＡＶ The absolute value of the difference between 1 and width W2, and the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ The absolute value of the difference between 1 and the width W2P is the arithmetic mean W ＡＶIt is preferable that the ratio to 1 is in the range of 0 to 20%. If this ratio is small, the observer may perceive a change in glossiness when the observation direction is changed from the Z direction to an oblique direction perpendicular to the Y direction.

[0061] Here, the first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, and the third color line PL3 each have a convex curved portion in the outline of a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that corresponds to the upper surface of the color line, as shown in Figure 3. This shape is advantageous in that it allows the viewer to sense that the portion of the display body 1 that corresponds to the printing region PR has a strong glossy appearance.

[0062] In each of the first regions R1 in which the first coloring lines PL1 are provided, the height H1 of the first coloring lines PL1 is constant in the Y direction. The heights H1 of the first coloring lines PL1 included in different pixels PX are equal to each other.

[0063] In each of the second regions R2 in which the second coloring lines PL2 are provided, the height H2 of the second coloring lines PL2 is constant in the Y direction. The heights H2 of the second coloring lines PL2 included in different pixels PX are equal to each other.

[0064] In each of the third regions R3 in which the third coloring lines PL3 are provided, the height H3 of the third coloring lines PL3 is constant in the Y direction. The heights H3 of the third coloring lines PL3 included in different pixels PX are equal to each other.

[0065] The height H1 of the first colored line PL1, the height H2 of the second colored line PL2, and the height H3 of the third colored line PL3 are preferably in the range of 0.2 to 12 μm, and more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 12 μm. If the height of the colored line is small, the particles contained in the colored line are likely to cause fine irregularities on the surface of the colored line. If the height of the colored line is large, the presence of the colored line is easily visible.

[0066] Even if an attempt is made to form colored lines so that each of the height and width is constant, unavoidable variations may occur in one or both of these. Even in such cases, it is preferable that colored lines exhibiting the same color have approximately similar cross-sectional shapes perpendicular to their length direction.

[0067] The root mean square roughness Rq of the colored line is preferably 0.420 μm or less, and more preferably 0.20 μm or less. A small surface roughness is advantageous for giving the observer a strong sense of gloss. The root mean square roughness Rq of the colored line is 0 or more, and in one example, 0.01 μm or more.

[0068] Here, the root-mean-square roughness Rq of the colored line is obtained using the following method. First, information about the three-dimensional characteristics of the printed surface of the display body 1 is obtained using a laser microscope. Next, the height of the printed region PR is set to 0, and the position of the colored line with the greatest height is identified, and the height of the colored line at that position is set to 100. Of the three-dimensional structure reproduced from the information about the three-dimensional characteristics, portions with heights ranging from 20 to 100 are identified. An average cross-section is obtained from the cross-sectional shapes of these portions perpendicular to the Y direction, and this average cross-section is fitted to each of the portions identified above. The difference between these cross-sections is then calculated, and the surface characteristics are converted into the surface characteristics of a plane. Then, from the surface characteristics of this plane, the root-mean-square roughness Rq specified in JIS B0601:2013 "Geometric Product Specifications (GPS) - Surface Normality: Profile Curve Method - Terms, Definitions, and Surface Texture Parameters" is obtained. The root mean square roughness Rq is the arithmetic mean of the values ​​obtained at 10 measurement positions.

[0069] Each pixel PX differs from one or more of the other pixels PX in one or more of the dimension L1 in the Y direction of the first color line PL1, the dimension L2 in the Y direction of the second color line PL2, and the dimension L3 in the Y direction of the third color line PL3. That is, each pixel PX differs from one or more of the other pixels PX in the area of ​​one or more of the first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, and the third color line PL3.

[0070] Therefore, each pixel PX has a different color from one or more other pixels PX, which is a result of mixing the color of the first region R1, the color of the second region R2, and the color of the third region R3. With this configuration, the display 1 displays a gradation display image at the position of the printing region PR.

[0071] 1 and 2, the outline of the pixel PX indicated by the dashed line is imaginary and is determined from the arrangement of the first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, and the third color line PL3. Here, the outline of the pixel PX is described as being present, but the actual display 1 may or may not have a structure corresponding to the outline of the pixel PX.

[0072] 2 and 5, the outlines of the first region R1, the second region R2, and the third region R3 shown by dashed lines are imaginary and are determined from the arrangement of the first to third colored lines. Here, the first region R1, the second region R2, and the third region R3 are described as having outlines, but the actual display 1 may or may not have structures corresponding to the outlines of the first region R1, the second region R2, and the third region R3.

[0073] The contours of the pixel PX and the contours of the first region R1, the second region R2, and the third region R3 are identified, for example, by the following method. First, the period of the pixel PX in the X and Y directions is determined from one or more of the arrangement of the first color lines PL1, the arrangement of the second color lines PL2, and the arrangement of the third color lines PL3. Next, the shape, dimensions, and position of the first color line PL1 with the largest dimension in the Y direction are determined as the shape, dimensions, and position of the first region R1 in which that first color line PL1 is located. From the shape, dimensions, and position of the first region R1 thus determined and the period of the pixel PX in the X and Y directions determined as described above, the shape, dimensions, and positions of all of the first regions R1 are determined. Similarly, the shape, dimensions, and positions of all of the second regions R2 and the third regions R3 are determined. Then, a plurality of unit regions, each consisting of one first region R1, one second region R2, and one third region R3, are identified, and the position equidistant from adjacent unit regions is set as the position of the contour of pixel PX. In this way, the contour of pixel PX and the contours of the first region R1, the second region R2, and the third region R3 can be identified.

[0074] <1.2> First Modification Fig. 6 is an enlarged plan view showing a part of a display according to a first modification, and Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VII-VII of the display shown in Fig. 6.

[0075] The display member 1A shown in Figures 6 and 7 is similar to the display member 1 described with reference to Figures 1 to 5, except that adjacent colored lines in the X direction are spaced apart from each other. If adjacent colored lines are in contact with each other, it is difficult to form the colored lines with high shape accuracy. Therefore, it is desirable that adjacent colored lines in the X direction do not overlap, and it is more desirable that they are spaced apart from each other.

[0076] The distance between adjacent colored lines in the X direction, for example, the distance D12 between the first colored line PL1 and the second colored line PL2 adjacent in the X direction, the distance D23 between the second colored line PL2 and the third colored line PL3 adjacent in the X direction, and the distance between the third colored line PL3 included in a pixel PX and the first colored line PL1 included in the pixel PX adjacent to it in the X direction, are preferably greater than 0, and more preferably 2 μm or more.

[0077] The distance between adjacent colored lines in the X direction is preferably 10 μm or less, more preferably 5 μm or less, since increasing this distance reduces the image density.

[0078] If the dimension LR is equal to the dimension L, adjacent colored lines in the Y direction may be connected to each other, even though they should be spaced apart. Therefore, it is preferable that the dimension L is smaller than the dimension LR. The difference between the dimensions LR and L is preferably 1 μm or more, and more preferably 3 μm or more.

[0079] <1.3> Second Modification Fig. 8 is an enlarged plan view showing a part of a display according to a second modification. The display 1B shown in Fig. 8 is similar to the display 1 described with reference to Figs. 1 to 5, except that the following configuration is adopted.

[0080] That is, in the display 1B, each pixel PX further includes a fourth region R4. The fourth region R4 extends in the Y direction. In each pixel PX, the fourth region R4 is arranged in the X direction relative to the first region R1, the second region R2, and the third region R3. The dimensions, shapes, and arrangements described above for the first region R1, the second region R2, and the third region R3 can also be applied to the fourth region R4.

[0081] The array of pixels PX further includes an array of fourth color lines PL4. The fourth color lines PL4 extend in the Y direction and exhibit a color different from the first color lines PL1, the second color lines PL2, and the third color lines PL3. The fourth color lines PL4 are provided in the fourth region R4 in at least a portion of the pixels PX. The fourth color lines PL4 are printed lines. The dimensions, shapes, and arrangements described above for the first color lines PL1, the second color lines PL2, and the third color lines PL3 can also be applied to the fourth color lines PL4.

[0082] For example, the arithmetic mean W of the width W1 of the first region R1, the width W2 of the second region R2, the width W3 of the third region R3, and the width W4 of the fourth region R4 is ＡＶ Absolute value of the difference between width W1 and width W2, arithmetic mean W ＡＶ Absolute value of the difference between width W2 and width W2, arithmetic mean W ＡＶ Absolute value of the difference between width W2 and width W3, and arithmetic mean W ＡＶ The absolute value of the difference between width W2 and width W4 is the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ Preferably, the ratio to 2 is in the range of 0 to 20%.

[0083] As explained with reference to display body 1A, it is preferable that adjacent color lines in the X and Y directions are spaced apart from each other in display body 1B as well. In this case, it is preferable that the distance between adjacent color lines is within the range explained with reference to display body 1A.

[0084] <1.4> Third Modification Fig. 9 is a plan view showing an enlarged portion of a display according to a third modification. Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the display shown in Fig. 9 taken along line X-X. Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the display shown in Fig. 9 taken along line XI-XI. Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the display shown in Fig. 9 taken along line XII-XII. Fig. 13 is a plan view showing a further enlarged portion of the display shown in Fig. 9.

[0085] The display 1C shown in FIGS. 9 to 13 is similar to the display 1A described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7, except that the following configuration is adopted.

[0086] That is, in the display body 1C, at least a portion of the pixels PX includes a first region R1 that includes a first portion where the first color line PL1 is not provided, a second region R2 that includes a second portion where the second color line PL2 is not provided, or a third region R3 that includes a third portion where the third color line PL3 is not provided. In each of these pixels PX, a fifth color line is provided in one or more of the first to third portions, the fifth color line extending across the entire width of the pixel PX, the fifth color line extending in the second direction (Y), and the fifth color line being a different color from the first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, and the third color line PL3. The fifth color line is a printed line.

[0087] 9 to 13 , the fifth color line PL5A is provided in the first portion, the fifth color line PL5B is provided in the second portion, and the fifth color line PL5C is provided in the third portion. In a pixel PX in which the first color line PL1 and the fifth color line PL5A are provided in the first region R1, the first color line PL1 and the fifth color line PL5A are aligned in the Y direction. In a pixel PX in which the second color line PL2 and the fifth color line PL5B are provided in the second region R2, the second color line PL2 and the fifth color line PL5B are aligned in the Y direction. In a pixel PX in which the third color line PL3 and the fifth color line PL5C are provided in the third region R3, the third color line PL3 and the fifth color line PL5C are aligned in the Y direction. The fifth color lines PL5A, PL5B, and PL5C are all the same color, which is different from the colors of the first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, and the third color line PL3.

[0088] In the display body 1C, the fifth color line is provided over the entire first to third portions. That is, the fifth color line PL5A is provided over the entire first portion, the fifth color line PL5B is provided over the entire second portion, and the fifth color line PL5C is provided over the entire third portion. In addition, in the display body 1C, in each pixel PX including the fifth color line, the sum of the dimension in the Y direction of the first color line PL1 and the dimension in the Y direction of the fifth color line PL5A provided in the first portion is equal to the sum of the dimension in the Y direction of the second color line PL2 and the dimension in the Y direction of the fifth color line PL5B provided in the second portion, and the sum of the dimension in the Y direction of the third color line PL3 and the dimension in the Y direction of the fifth color line PL5C provided in the third portion.

[0089] The dimensions, shapes, and arrangements described above for the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 can also be applied to the fifth colored lines PL5A, PL5B, and PL5C. As described above, the arithmetic mean W of the width W1 of the first region R1, the width W2 of the second region R2, and the width W3 of the third region R3 ＡＶ Absolute value of the difference between 1 and width W1, arithmetic mean W ＡＶ The absolute value of the difference between 1 and width W2, and the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ The absolute value of the difference between 1 and the width W3 is the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ It is preferable that the ratio to 1 is in the range of 0 to 20%. In this case, the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ The absolute value of the difference between the width W5A of the fifth colored line located in the first region R1 and the width W5A of the fifth colored line located in the first region R1, and the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ The absolute value of the difference between the width W5B of the fifth colored line located in the second region R2 and the width W5B of the fifth colored line located in the second region R2, and the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ The absolute values ​​of the differences between the width W5C of the fifth colored line located in the third region R3 and the width W5C of the fifth colored line located in the third region R3 are the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ The ratio to 1 is preferably in the range of 0 to 20%.

[0090] Each pixel PX differs from one or more other pixels PX in one or more of the dimension of the first color line PL1 in the Y direction, the dimension of the second color line PL2 in the Y direction, and the dimension of the third color line PL3 in the Y direction. Furthermore, each pixel PX differs from one or more other pixels PX in the total area of ​​the fifth color lines PL5A, PL5B, and PL5C. This allows the display 1C to display a gradation image.

[0091] Because the display body 1C further includes a fifth color line, the range of colors that can be reproduced is wider than that of the display body 1A. For example, if the first color line PL1 is made of cyan ink, the second color line PL2 is made of magenta ink, the third color line PL3 is made of yellow ink, and the fifth color lines PL5A, PL5B, and PL5C are made of black ink, the display body 1C can display a gradation display image with a high contrast ratio.

[0092] As explained with reference to display body 1A, it is preferable that adjacent colored lines in the X and Y directions are spaced apart from each other in display body 1C as well. In this case, it is preferable that the distance between adjacent colored lines is within the range explained with reference to display body 1A.

[0093] <1.5> Fourth Modification Fig. 14 is a plan view showing an enlarged portion of a display according to a fourth modification. Fig. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the display shown in Fig. 14 taken along line XV-XV. Fig. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the display shown in Fig. 14 taken along line XVI-XVI. Fig. 17 is a cross-sectional view of the display shown in Fig. 14 taken along line XVII-XVII. Fig. 18 is a plan view showing a further enlarged portion of the display shown in Fig. 14.

[0094] A display 1D shown in FIGS. 14 to 18 is similar to the display 1C described with reference to FIGS. 9 to 13, except that the following configuration is employed.

[0095] That is, in at least some of the pixels PX in the display body 1D, the fifth color line is provided only in part of the first to third portions. Specifically, in one or more pixels PX whose first region R1 includes the first portion, the fifth color line PL5A is provided only in part of the first portion. In one or more pixels PX whose second region R2 includes the second portion, the fifth color line PL5B is provided only in part of the second portion. And, in one or more pixels PX whose first region R1 includes the third portion, the fifth color line PL5C is provided only in part of the third portion.

[0096] In addition, in display 1D, as in display 1C, in each pixel PX including the fifth color line, the sum of the Y-direction dimension of the first color line PL1 and the Y-direction dimension of the fifth color line PL5A provided in the first portion, the sum of the Y-direction dimension of the second color line PL2 and the Y-direction dimension of the fifth color line PL5B provided in the second portion, and the sum of the Y-direction dimension of the third color line PL3 and the Y-direction dimension of the fifth color line PL5C provided in the third portion are all equal to each other.

[0097] In the display body 1D, for example, the brightness of each pixel PX can change depending on the difference between the total area of ​​the first to third portions and the total area of ​​the fifth colored lines PL5A, PL5B, and PL5C. Therefore, the display body 1D has a higher degree of freedom in terms of image expression than the display body 1C.

[0098] <1.6> Fifth Modification FIG. 19 is an enlarged plan view showing a part of a display according to a fifth modification.

[0099] A display 1E shown in FIG. 19 is similar to the display 1D described with reference to FIGS. 14 to 18, except that the following configuration is employed.

[0100] That is, in at least some of the display members 1E, the fifth color line is provided only in a portion of the first to third portions of the pixel PX, and a sixth color line is provided in the portions of the first to third portions where the fifth color line is not provided, spanning the entire width of the pixel PX, extending in the Y direction, and exhibiting a color different from the first, second, and third color lines PL1, PL2, PL3, and the fifth color lines PL5A, PL5B, and PL5C. Specifically, a sixth color line PL6A is provided in the portion of the first portion where the fifth color line PL5A is not provided. A sixth color line PL6B is provided in the portion of the second portion where the fifth color line PL5B is not provided. And a sixth color line PL6C is provided in the portion of the third portion where the fifth color line PL5C is not provided. The sixth color lines PL6A, PL6B, and PL6C are printed lines. The sixth color lines PL6A, PL6B, and PL6C are all the same color, which is different from the colors of the first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, the third color line PL3, and the fifth color lines PL5A, PL5B, and PL5C.

[0101] According to one example, the first color line PL1 is made of ink that exhibits one of the colors cyan, magenta, and yellow, the second color line PL2 is made of ink that exhibits another color of cyan, magenta, and yellow, the third color line PL3 is made of ink that exhibits the remaining color of cyan, magenta, and yellow, the fifth color lines PL5A, PL5B, and PL5C are made of ink that exhibits black, and the sixth color lines PL6A, PL6B, and PL6C are made of ink that exhibits white.

[0102] The dimensions, shapes, and arrangements described above for the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 can also be applied to the sixth colored lines PL6A, PL6B, and PL6C. As described above, the arithmetic mean W of the width W1 of the first region R1, the width W2 of the second region R2, and the width W3 of the third region R3 ＡＶ Absolute value of the difference between 1 and width W1, arithmetic mean W ＡＶ The absolute value of the difference between 1 and width W2, and the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ The absolute value of the difference between 1 and the width W3 is the arithmetic mean W ＡＶIt is preferable that the ratio to 1 is in the range of 0 to 20%. In this case, the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ The absolute value of the difference between the width W6A of the sixth colored line located in the first region R1 and the width W6A of the sixth colored line located in the first region R1, and the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ The absolute value of the difference between the width W6B of the sixth colored line located in the second region R2 and the width W6B of the sixth colored line located in the second region R2, and the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ The absolute values ​​of the differences between the width W6C of the sixth colored line located in the third region R3 and the width W6C of the sixth colored line located in the third region R3 are the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ The ratio to 1 is preferably in the range of 0 to 20%.

[0103] The display body 1D described with reference to Figures 14 to 18 does not include a sixth color line. Therefore, for example, if the substrate 10 is visible light transmissive, an object located on the back side of the display body 1D will affect the image displayed in the printing region PR by the display body 1D. Also, if the substrate 10 is visible light non-transmissive, the surface of the substrate 10 may affect the image displayed in the printing region PR by the display body 1D. The sixth color lines PL6A, PL6B, and PL6C included in the display body 1E can reduce the above-mentioned effects.

[0104] <1.7> Sixth Modification FIG. 20 is an enlarged plan view showing a part of a display according to a sixth modification.

[0105] A display 1F shown in FIG. 20 is similar to the display 1A described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7, except that the following configuration is employed.

[0106] That is, in the display body 1F, the arrangement order of the first region R1, the second region R2, and the third region R3 is the same for pixels PX that are adjacent to each other in the X direction, and the arrangement order of the first region R1, the second region R2, and the third region R3 is different for pixels PX that are adjacent to each other in the Y direction.

[0107] Here, the pixels PX form a plurality of pixel column groups, each extending in the X direction and arranged in the Y direction. Each pixel column group consists of first to third columns, each extending in the X direction and arranged in the Y direction. Each of the first to third columns consists of a plurality of pixels PX arranged in the X direction. In the pixels PX included in the first column, the first region R1, the second region R2, and the third region R3 are arranged in this order in the X direction. In the pixels PX included in the second column, the third region R3, the first region R1, and the second region R2 are arranged in this order in the X direction. In the pixels PX included in the third column, the second region R2, the third region R3, and the first region R1 are arranged in this order in the X direction.

[0108] The display 1F having such a configuration can also display a gradation display image similar to that of the display 1A.

[0109] <1.8> Other Modifications In the display bodies 1B to 1F, adjacent color lines in the X direction may be in contact with each other. Alternatively, adjacent ones of the first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, and the third color line PL3 in the X direction may be spaced apart from each other, and adjacent ones of the fifth color lines PL5A, PL5B, and PL5C in the X direction may be in contact with each other. Similarly, adjacent ones of the first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, and the third color line PL3 in the X direction may be spaced apart from each other, and adjacent ones of the sixth color lines PL6A, PL6B, and PL6C in the X direction may be in contact with each other.

[0110] Since the fifth colored lines PL5A, PL5B, and PL5C are of the same color, they may partially overlap. ＡＶ The difference between the width W5A of the fifth colored line PL5A and the width W5A of the fifth colored line PL5A, the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ The difference between the width W5B of the fifth colored line PL5B and the width W5B of the fifth colored line PL5B, and the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ The difference between the width W5C of the fifth colored line PL5C and the width W5C of the fifth colored line PL5C is the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ The ratio to 1 is preferably within the range of -20 to 34%.

[0111] Since the sixth colored lines PL6A, PL6B, and PL6C are also the same color, they may partially overlap each other. ＡＶThe difference between the width W6A of the sixth colored line PL6A and the width W6A of the sixth colored line PL6A, the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ 1 and the width W6B of the sixth colored line PL6B, and the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ The difference between the width W6C of the sixth colored line PL6C and the width W6C of the sixth colored line PL6C is the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ The ratio to 1 is preferably within the range of -20 to 34%.

[0112] The display 1 and 1C to 1E may adopt the arrangement order described above for the display 1F. That is, in the display 1 and 1C to 1E, the arrangement order of the first region R1, the second region R2, and the third region R3 may be the same for adjacent pixels PX in the X direction, and the arrangement order of the first region R1, the second region R2, and the third region R3 may be different for adjacent pixels PX in the Y direction. Also, in the display 1B, the arrangement order of the first region R1, the second region R2, the third region R3, and the fourth region R4 may be the same for adjacent pixels PX in the X direction, and the arrangement order of the first region R1, the second region R2, the third region R3, and the fourth region R4 may be different for adjacent pixels PX in the Y direction.

[0113] In addition, the display body 1B may have the sixth color line described above for the display body 1E in each of the first portion of the first region R1 where the first color line PL1 is not provided, the second portion of the second region R2 where the second color line PL2 is not provided, the third portion of the third region R3 where the third color line PL3 is not provided, and the fourth portion of the fourth region R4 where the fourth color line PL4 is not provided.

[0114] <1.4> Manufacturing of Display Members <1.4.1> Printing Method The display members 11A to 1F described above can be obtained by forming pixels PX on the substrate 10 using a printing method. Any known method can be used as the printing method. Intaglio printing, typified by gravure printing, is preferred, with gravure offset printing being particularly preferred. Any known printing device can also be used. For example, intaglio printing, typified by gravure printing, a printing device equipped with a metal intaglio plate having grooves on its surface corresponding to the colored lines can be used.

[0115] Gravure offset printing, also known as intaglio offset printing, uses a gravure plate (intaglio) with recesses corresponding to the printing pattern, a doctor blade that fills the recesses in the gravure plate with ink, and a blanket with a surface made of, for example, silicone rubber.

[0116] In gravure offset printing, ink is transferred from the recesses of the gravure plate to a blanket, which is then placed against the substrate and pressed together to transfer the ink from the blanket to the substrate.

[0117] When printing on multiple substrates using one blanket, it is also preferable to include a step of drying the blanket that has absorbed the solvent after printing. This drying step may be performed after each printing cycle or after multiple printing cycles, for example, after 5 to 20 printing cycles.

[0118] The ink transferred onto the substrate is cured by heating, for example, by applying hot air or infrared radiation. Alternatively, the ink transferred onto the substrate is cured by light irradiation or by leaving it to stand for several days. In this manner, a print pattern is formed on the substrate.

[0119] In gravure offset printing, a known gravure plate can be used. The gravure plate and blanket may be flat or cylindrical. High productivity can be achieved by using a plate cylinder as the gravure plate and a blanket cylinder formed by covering the surface of a highly rigid cylinder, such as a metal cylinder, with a blanket material.

[0120] Examples of blanket materials include elastic materials such as silicone resin, fluororesin, urethane resin, synthetic rubber, and natural rubber. Among these, silicone resins such as silicone rubber are preferred because they have high durability and oil resistance, sufficient elasticity, and appropriate stiffness. A blanket cylinder made of a silicone resin such as silicone rubber is particularly suitable for gravure offset printing on hard substrates. It is also possible to use a blanket cylinder made by forming a layer made of an elastic material such as a silicone rubber layer on a plastic film such as a polyester film, and wrapping the resulting composite material around a cylindrical body.

[0121] This printing method makes it possible to form, for example, colored lines having a large height-to-width ratio and a smooth surface on a substrate with high accuracy of shape and position.

[0122] <1.4.2> Substrate The substrate 10 can be paper, a polymer film, a glass plate, a metal plate, or a composite containing one or more of these. From the viewpoint of visibility of the image displayed by the printed pattern, it is preferable that the printing surface of the substrate 10 be made of paper or plastic. The substrate 103 can have a thickness of 10 μm or more and 3 mm or less, but is not limited to this. Furthermore, the length of the long side of the substrate 103 can be 3 cm or more and 3 m or less, but is not limited to this.

[0123] Examples of paper that can be used for the substrate 10 include various types of paper used for ordinary publication displays and advertising materials, which have excellent surface properties. Examples of such paper include mirror-coated paper, coated paper, art paper, and high-quality paper, but it can also be carton paper or paperboard used for packaging. Synthetic papers such as Yupo (registered trademark) available from Yupo Corporation and Peach Coat (registered trademark) available from Dio Postal Chemical Co., Ltd. are also preferred because they have little stretch.

[0124] The polymer film that can be used for the substrate 10 may be a plastic film. The plastic film may be a cast film. Examples of plastic films include polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN); polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polymethylpentene; cellulose esters or derivatives thereof such as cellophane, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate (TAC), cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), cellulose acetate phthalate, and cellulose nitrate; polyvinylidene chloride; polyvinyl alcohol; polyethylene vinyl alcohol; syndiotactic polystyrene; polycarbonate; polyether ketone; polyimide; polyethersulfone (PES); polyphenylene sulfide; polysulfones; polyetherimide; polyether ketone imide; polyarylate; acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA); and cycloolefin resins such as norbornene resin.

[0125] The glass plate that can be used for the substrate 10 can be a glass plate made of soda-lime glass, barium-strontium-containing glass, lead glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, barium borosilicate glass, or quartz glass.

[0126] The metal plate that can be used for the substrate 10 may be a copper plate, a brass plate, an aluminum plate, an aluminum alloy plate, a stainless steel plate, or a steel plate. These metal plates are preferably rolled plates.

[0127] <1.4.3> Ink According to one example, the inks used to form the first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, and the third color line PL3 are inks that exhibit the three primary colors of subtractive color mixing, i.e., cyan, magenta, and yellow. According to another example, the inks used to form the first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, and the third color line PL3 are inks that exhibit the three primary colors of additive color mixing, i.e., red, green, and blue. According to one example, the inks used to form the first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, the third color line PL3, and the fourth color line PL4 are inks that exhibit cyan, magenta, yellow, and black. According to one example, the inks used to form the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 are magenta and yellow inks, and the inks used to form the fifth colored lines PL5A, PL5B, and PL5C are black inks. According to another example, the inks used to form the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 are magenta and yellow inks, the inks used to form the fifth colored lines PL5A, PL5B, and PL5C are black inks, and the inks used to form the sixth colored lines PL6A, PL6B, and PL6C are white inks. The inks used to form the colored lines may be other colors.

[0128] Depending on the printing method used, inks such as offset ink, letterpress ink, and gravure ink can be used. Depending on the composition, examples of inks include resin ink, oil-based ink, and water-based ink. Depending on the drying method, examples of inks include oxidative polymerization ink, penetration drying ink, evaporation drying ink, and ultraviolet curing ink. Functional inks that change color depending on the lighting angle or observation angle may also be used. Examples of such functional inks include optically variable ink, color shift ink, and pearl ink.

[0129] The ink contains a colorant and a vehicle, and may further contain additives.

[0130] The colorant may be a pigment, a dye, or a combination thereof. The dye may be an acid dye, a basic dye, a solvent dye, a disperse dye, or a combination of two or more thereof.

[0131] The pigment may be an inorganic pigment, an organic pigment, or a combination thereof. The inorganic pigment may be a metal particle, an oxide, a hydroxide, a sulfide, a selenide, a ferrocyanide, a chromate, a sulfate, a carbonate, a silicate, a phosphate, or a carbon particle, or a particle containing two or more thereof, or a combination of two or more thereof. The oxide may be titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, or iron oxide.

[0132] The organic pigment may be a carbon compound, a nitroso compound, a nitro compound, an azo compound, a lake compound, a phthalocyanine compound, or a fused polycyclic material. For example, disazo yellow, brilliant carmine, and phthalocyanine blue may be used as the organic pigment.

[0133] The pigment or dye may be a fluorescent pigment, a phosphorescent pigment, a quantum dot, or a combination of two or more thereof.

[0134] In addition to these pigments and dyes for color display, the ink may contain a conductive material for the purpose of imparting conductivity to the printed pattern. Examples of conductive materials include metal particles, metal nanowires, conductive metal oxide particles, conductive polymer particles, and combinations of two or more thereof. Examples of conductive polymers include conductive polyaniline, conductive polypropylene, and conductive polythiophenes, such as a complex of polyethylenedioxythiophene and polystyrenesulfonic acid.

[0135] The vehicle is a medium for dispersing the colorant and contains at least one of an oil and a resin.

[0136] The oil may be a vegetable oil, a processed oil, a mineral oil, or a mixture of two or more thereof. The resin may be a natural resin, a natural product derivative, a synthetic resin, or a mixture of two or more thereof.

[0137] The vehicle contains, as at least a portion of the oil or resin, a curable material that hardens to a solid. The curable material can be a relatively low molecular weight curable compound or curable resin, such as an epoxy resin or a polyfunctional acrylic monomer or oligomer. Mixtures thereof can also be used. The oil may also include one that does not have a functional group that causes hardening.

[0138] Examples of oils and resins include polyesters, polycarbonates, polyvinyl chloride, copolymers of vinyl chloride and other unsaturated double bond-containing monomers, polyvinyl acetate, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, homopolymers of (meth)acrylic acid esters, copolymers of (meth)acrylic acid esters and other unsaturated double bond-containing monomers, polystyrene, copolymers of styrene and other unsaturated double bond-containing monomers, ketone-formaldehyde condensates or hydrogenated products thereof, epoxy resins, phenoxy resins, polyvinyl acetals or copolymers thereof, polyurethanes, polyureas, and polyamides. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0139] Other examples of the oils and resins include polymers similar to those described above, except that they have a curable functional group in a side chain or at a terminal. Particularly preferred curable compounds or curable resins are polyhydric alcohols, epoxy resins, glycidyl compounds, polycarboxylic acids, or (meth)acrylate monomers or oligomers.

[0140] The compounds described above for the oils and resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0141] The vehicle may further include a solvent, such as an organic solvent, which may be a hydrocarbon solvent, an alcohol solvent, a glycol ether or glycol ester solvent, a terpene solvent, or a combination of two or more thereof.

[0142] Examples of hydrocarbon solvents include saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds such as tetradecane, octadecane, heptamethylnonane, tetramethylpentadecane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, tridecane, methylpentane, normal paraffin, and isoparaffin; cyclic hydrocarbon compounds such as toluene and xylene; alicyclic hydrocarbon compounds such as limonene, dipentene, terpinene, nesol, sinene, orange flavor, terpinolene, phellandrene, menthadiene, terebene, dihydrocymene, mosulene, isoterpinene, chrytomene, cautusine, cajeptene, eulimene, pinene, turpentine, menthane, pinane, terpene, and cyclohexane; and combinations of two or more thereof.

[0143] Examples of alcohol solvents include aliphatic alcohols, such as saturated or unsaturated aliphatic alcohols having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, such as heptanol, octanol, decanol, lauryl alcohol, tetradecyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, octadecyl alcohol, hexadecenol, and oleyl alcohol; alicyclic alcohols, such as cyclohexanol, cresol, eugenol, myrtenol, sobrerol, menthol, carveol, perillyl alcohol, pinocarveol, sobrerol, and verbenol; and terpene alcohols, such as monoterpene alcohols, such as terpineol and dihydroterpineol; polyhydric alcohols, such as diols and triols, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and triethylene glycol. Examples of suitable alcohols include ethanol, tripropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 2-butene-1,4-diol, 1,2-hexanediol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 2,4-diethyl-1,5-pentanediol, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, glycerin, 1,2,4-butanetriol, and 1,2,6-hexanetriol; monoalcohols such as butyl triglycol, isobutyl diglycol, 2-butoxyethanol, 3-methoxy-3-methylbutanol, 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol, and 2-(2-hexyloxyethoxy)ethanol; and combinations of two or more thereof.

[0144] Examples of glycol ether or glycol ester solvents include tripropylene glycol-n-butyl ether, butyl carbitol, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, tripropylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monohexyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol diacetate, 1,4-butanediol divinyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, and combinations of two or more thereof.

[0145] In the case of quick-drying ink, a solvent with a low boiling point that evaporates at room temperature, such as methyl ethyl ketone, ethanol, or acetone, can be used as at least a portion of the solvent. In the case of aqueous ink, water, such as purified water, can be used as at least a portion of the solvent.

[0146] The ink may further include additives, examples of which include waxes, plasticizers, drying accelerators, surfactants, gelling agents, stabilizers, defoamers, and combinations of two or more thereof.

[0147] The size of the solid material contained in the ink may be smaller than the width and height of the colored line, and is preferably equal to or smaller than half the height of the colored line.

[0148] The solid content of the ink is preferably 50% by mass or more, and more preferably 70% by mass or more. A high solid content is advantageous in forming colored lines with high shape accuracy, since ink flow during transfer is suppressed.

[0149] <1.5> Effects The effects achieved by the above-described display members 1 and 1A to 1F will be explained below using the display member 1 as an example.

[0150] 1 to 5 is illuminated with white light, for example, from a direction perpendicular to the Y direction, part of the light is reflected by the surface of the first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, or the third color line PL3, and another part of the light passes through the first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, or the third color line PL3, is reflected by the substrate 10, and then passes through the first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, or the third color line PL3 again. Hereinafter, the light reflected by the surface of the first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, or the third color line PL3 will be referred to as the first light. In addition, hereinafter, light that passes through the first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, or the third color line PL3, is reflected by the substrate 10, and then passes through the first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, or the third color line PL3 again will be referred to as second light.

[0151] The first light is white light. The intensity of the first light emitted in a certain direction from each of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 is affected by the illumination direction and the surface shape of the colored line. Specifically, because the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 are linear, the direction in which each colored line emits the first light under the above illumination conditions is perpendicular to the length direction of the colored line, i.e., the Y direction, over its entire length. Furthermore, if the portion of the outline of each of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that corresponds to the upper surface of the first colored line PL1 is a convex curve, the direction in which each of these colored lines emits the first light will have a spread in a plane perpendicular to the Y direction.

[0152] On the other hand, the second light is colored light. When the substrate 10 has an uneven surface, such as when the substrate 10 is made of paper, the illumination direction does not have a significant effect on the intensity of the second light. Furthermore, the surface shapes of the first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, and the third color line PL3 have almost no effect on the intensity of the second light.

[0153] If the shapes of the cross sections perpendicular to the Y direction of the first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, and the third color line PL3 are not significantly different, the intensity ratio of the first light to the second light emitted from these color lines in one direction perpendicular to the Y direction will not differ significantly among the first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, and the third color line PL3 under the above-described illumination conditions. Furthermore, in this case, if the portion of the outline of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction of each color line corresponding to the upper surface of that color line is a convex curve, the intensity ratio of the first light to the second light emitted from each color line will be substantially constant within a relatively wide angle range in a plane perpendicular to the Y direction. Therefore, under the above-described illumination conditions, an observer observing the display body 1 from a direction perpendicular to the Y direction will perceive the display body 1 as glossy if the intensity of the first light is sufficiently high.

[0154] When the observation direction is changed in a plane perpendicular to the Y direction, the region where the intensity ratio is maximum moves within the display surface as the observation angle changes. Similarly, when the observation direction is changed in a plane perpendicular to the X direction, the region where the intensity ratio is maximum moves within the display surface as the observation angle changes. Therefore, the observer perceives a strong glossy appearance.

[0155] Furthermore, the first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, and the third color line PL3 contribute to the glossiness of the display body 1. Therefore, for example, if the surface of the substrate 10 does not give the observer a glossy appearance, the observer will perceive a strong glossiness in areas with high image density and a weak glossiness or no glossiness in areas with low image density.

[0156] Furthermore, as will be explained below, the glossiness that can be perceived by an observer when the observation direction of this display body 1 is perpendicular to the Y direction and tilted with respect to the X direction may differ from the glossiness that can be perceived by an observer when the observation direction is the Z direction or when the observation direction is perpendicular to the X direction and tilted with respect to the Y direction.

[0157] When the center line distances of the first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, and the third color line PL3 adjacent in the X direction are substantially equal, the reflected light from these color lines may cause constructive interference or destructive interference. Therefore, in this case, changing the observation direction from the Z direction to a direction perpendicular to the Y direction and tilted with respect to the X direction changes the wavelengths causing constructive interference or destructive interference. This change does not occur when the observation direction is changed from the Z direction to a direction perpendicular to the X direction and tilted with respect to the Y direction. Therefore, the glossiness perceived by the viewer when the observation direction is perpendicular to the Y direction and tilted with respect to the X direction may differ from the glossiness perceived when the observation direction is the Z direction or when the observation direction is perpendicular to the X direction and tilted with respect to the Y direction.

[0158] These optical effects are difficult to reproduce with other structures. Furthermore, even if the display body 1 is copied, it is not possible to form a printed pattern having the same shape as the colored lines, and therefore the optical effects cannot be reproduced. Furthermore, the optical effects can be confirmed without a verification tool. Furthermore, when observed through a lens with a magnification of several tens of times, the difference between the shape of the colored lines on the display body 1 and the shape of the printed pattern on the copy can be confirmed. Therefore, the display body 1 exhibits a high degree of anti-counterfeiting effect.

[0159] Furthermore, high positional accuracy is not required in manufacturing the display 1 because the colored lines can be spaced apart from each other. The display 1 can be manufactured without complex processes.

[0160] That is, the display 1 not only provides a high level of counterfeit prevention, but also does not require extremely high positional accuracy in its manufacture, and can be manufactured at a relatively low cost.

[0161] <2> Second Embodiment <2.1> Configuration of Display Body Fig. 21 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a portion of a display body according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The display body 1G shown in Fig. 21 is similar to the display body 1 described with reference to Figs. 1 to 5 except that the following structure is employed. That is, the display body 1G further includes a light-scattering layer 11, a transparent layer 12, a relief structure forming layer 22, a vapor deposition layer, and an adhesive layer 23.

[0162] The light-scattering layer 11 is provided on the back surface of the substrate 10. The light-scattering layer 11 is made of, for example, a mixture containing transparent particles and a transparent resin having a different refractive index. For example, when the substrate 10 is transparent, the light-scattering layer 11 improves the visibility of the gradation display image displayed by the collection of colored lines. The light-scattering layer 11 can be omitted.

[0163] The transparent layer 12 faces the substrate 10 with the colored lines and the like sandwiched therebetween. The surface of the transparent layer 12 forms the front surface of the display body 1G. The transparent layer 12 is made of, for example, a transparent resin. The transparent layer 12 protects the colored lines from damage. The transparent layer 12 can be omitted.

[0164] The relief structure forming layer 22 is interposed between the substrate 10 and the transparent layer 12. The relief structure forming layer 22 is made of a transparent resin. A relief type diffraction grating is provided as a relief structure on the surface of the relief structure forming layer 22 facing the substrate 10.

[0165] Specifically, a relief-type first diffraction grating is provided in a region corresponding to the first region R1 on the surface of the relief structure formation layer 22 facing the substrate 10. A first diffraction grating may be further provided in a region corresponding to a gap between adjacent first regions R1 in the Y direction on the surface of the relief structure formation layer 22 facing the substrate 10.

[0166] A relief-type second diffraction grating is provided in an area corresponding to the second region R2 on the surface of the relief structure formation layer 22 facing the substrate 10. A second diffraction grating may be further provided in an area corresponding to a gap between adjacent second regions R2 in the Y direction on the surface of the relief structure formation layer 22 facing the substrate 10.

[0167] A relief-type third diffraction grating is provided in an area corresponding to the third region R3 on the surface of the relief structure formation layer 22 facing the substrate 10. A third diffraction grating may be further provided in an area corresponding to a gap between adjacent third regions R3 in the Y direction on the surface of the relief structure formation layer 22 facing the substrate 10.

[0168] The first to third diffraction gratings are designed to emit diffracted light beams with different wavelengths in the same direction when illuminated with white light from one direction, and the first to third diffraction gratings have, for example, different grating constants, different arrangement directions of repeating structures such as grating lines, or both different from each other.

[0169] The vapor-deposited layer partially covers the surface of the relief structure forming layer 22 facing the substrate 10. The vapor-deposited layer is made of, for example, a metal, an alloy, or an inorganic compound. The material of the vapor-deposited layer is TiO ２ , Si ２ O ３ , SiO ２ , Fe ２ O ３ and ZnS, as well as materials with high reflectivity such as Al, Ag, Sn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Au, and alloys containing one or more of these. The vapor-deposited layer may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure.

[0170] As described above, the vapor deposition layer partially covers the surface of the relief structure formation layer 22 facing the substrate 10. Specifically, the vapor deposition layer partially covers the first diffraction grating, partially covers the second diffraction grating, and partially covers the third diffraction grating. Of the vapor deposition layer, the portion covering the first diffraction grating is the first color line PL1, the portion covering the second diffraction grating is the second color line PL2, and the portion covering the third diffraction grating is the third color line PL3. That is, in the display element 1G, instead of providing color lines made of ink, color lines including a vapor deposition layer are provided.

[0171] The adhesive layer 23 is interposed between the relief structure forming layer 22 provided with the vapor deposition layer and the substrate 10, and bonds them together. The adhesive layer 23 is made of, for example, a transparent resin.

[0172] <2.2> Transfer Foil A transfer foil can be used to manufacture the display member 1G. Fig. 22 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a part of a transfer foil that can be used to manufacture the display member shown in Fig. 21 .

[0173] The transfer foil 2 shown in FIG. 22 includes a support 21, a relief structure forming layer 22, a vapor deposition layer, and an adhesive layer 23.

[0174] The support 21 supports a laminate including a relief structure forming layer 22, a vapor deposition layer, and an adhesive layer 23 in a peelable manner.

[0175] It is preferable to use a material that is less likely to deform or deteriorate due to heat, pressure, and the like applied during transfer for the support 21. For example, the support 21 may be a rigid material such as a glass substrate, or a plastic film such as a polyethylene terephthalate film, a polyethylene naphthalate film, or a polypropylene film. Depending on the application or purpose, paper, synthetic paper, multi-layered plastic paper, resin-impregnated paper, and the like may also be used as the support 21.

[0176] The support 21 preferably has a release layer on the support surface that supports the laminate. Examples of materials that can be used for the release layer include resins and lubricants. Examples of resins that can be used include thermoplastic resins, thermosetting resins, ultraviolet-curable resins, and electron-beam-curable resins. Examples of resins that can be used include acrylic resins, polyester resins, and polyamide resins. Examples of lubricants that can be used include waxes such as polyethylene powder, paraffin wax, silicone, and carnauba wax. The release layer can be obtained by applying these materials to the support 21 using known methods such as gravure printing and microgravure printing. The thickness of the release layer is, for example, within the range of 0.5 to 5 μm.

[0177] The relief structure forming layer 22 is provided on the surface of the support 21 on which the release layer is formed. The relief structure described above is formed on the surface of the relief structure forming layer 22 by, for example, transfer.

[0178] As described above, the vapor deposition layer partially covers the surface of the relief structure formation layer 22 on which the relief structure is provided. The vapor deposition layer is formed, for example, by the following method. First, a vapor deposition material such as a metal, alloy, or inorganic compound is deposited on substantially the entire surface of the relief structure formation layer 22 to form a vapor deposition material layer. The vapor deposition material is deposited by a vapor phase deposition method such as vacuum vapor deposition, sputtering, or chemical vapor deposition. Next, an etching mask is formed on the vapor deposition material layer. The etching mask is formed, for example, by photolithography using a photosensitive resin. Subsequently, the portion of the vapor deposition material layer that is not covered by the etching mask is removed by etching to obtain the vapor deposition layer. Thereafter, if necessary, the etching mask is removed from the vapor deposition layer.

[0179] The adhesive layer 23 covers the relief structure forming layer 22 and the vapor deposition layer. The adhesive layer 23 is made of, for example, a thermoplastic resin. The adhesive layer 23 is obtained, for example, by applying an adhesive.

[0180] <2.3> Effects In the display 1G, the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 each function as a diffraction grating. Each pixel PX has a different area for one or more of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 from one or more of the other pixels PX. This allows the display 1G to display a gradation image using diffracted light. This optical effect cannot be obtained in a copy of the display 1G. Furthermore, the above optical effect can be confirmed without a verification tool. Furthermore, when observed through a lens with a magnification of several tens of times, the shape and arrangement of the colored lines of the display 1G can be confirmed. Therefore, the display 1G exhibits a high level of anti-counterfeiting effect.

[0181] Furthermore, in manufacturing the display 1G, the length of the colored lines can be adjusted simply by adjusting the pattern shape of the etching mask, and the display 1G can be manufactured without any complicated processes.

[0182] That is, the display 1G not only provides a high level of counterfeit prevention, but also does not require extremely high positional accuracy in its manufacture, and can be manufactured at a relatively low cost.

[0183] <2.4> Modifications The techniques described above for the display 1G may be applied to other display devices exemplified in the first embodiment. In this case, the same effects as those described above can be obtained.

[0184] The vapor deposition layer in the transfer foil 2 does not need to be patterned. In this case, after transferring a laminate including the relief structure forming layer 22, the vapor deposition layer, and the adhesive layer 23 from the support 21 to the base material 10, the vapor deposition layer is irradiated with infrared laser light to remove the portion of the vapor deposition layer irradiated with the laser light, thereby obtaining the display member 1G described above. This technique can also be applied to the other display members exemplified in the first embodiment.

[0185] Specific examples of the present invention and comparative examples are described below.

[0186] Example 1 The display member 1A described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7 was manufactured by the following method.

[0187] First, a square film piece having a length of 200 mm was cut out from a colorless and transparent polyethylene terephthalate film having a thickness of 125 μm. This film piece was used as the substrate 10.

[0188] Next, a first color line PL1, a second color line PL2, and a third color line PL3 were formed by gravure offset printing on the substrate 10. The first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, and the third color line PL3 were formed using blue ink, green ink, and red ink, respectively.

[0189] The display body 1A thus obtained was observed with a laser microscope, and the dimensions of the first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, and the third color line PL3, as well as the dimensions of the pixel PX, were measured. Specifically, the measurements were performed at 10 randomly selected locations. Ten locations were randomly selected from the portion of the display body 1A corresponding to the print region PR, and images were taken of each location using the laser microscope. The X and Y directions were identified from these images, and the arithmetic mean of the values ​​obtained for the 10 locations was taken as the measured value.

[0190] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 36 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first color line PL1 were 9.6 μm and 0.8 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second color line PL2 were 9.2 μm and 0.7 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third color line PL3 were 11.2 μm and 0.6 μm, respectively.

[0191] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 were spaced apart from one another within the pixel PX and between the pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in the pixel PX adjacent to it in the Y direction, respectively. Note that, as shown in FIG. 7 , the portions of the outlines of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convex curved.

[0192] 6 and 7 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the gravure plate was changed. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also carried out on this display member 1A.

[0193] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 48 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first color line PL1 were 9.5 μm and 2.5 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second color line PL2 were 11.9 μm and 2.3 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third color line PL3 were 14.3 μm and 1.7 μm, respectively.

[0194] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 were spaced apart from one another within the pixel PX and between the pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in the pixel PX adjacent to it in the Y direction, respectively. Note that, as shown in FIG. 7 , the portions of the outlines of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convex curved.

[0195] 9 to 13 was manufactured by the following method: In this example, the fifth coloring lines PL5B and PL5C were omitted from all pixels PX.

[0196] First, a square film piece having a length of 200 mm was cut out from a colorless and transparent polyethylene terephthalate film having a thickness of 125 μm. This film piece was used as the substrate 10.

[0197] Next, a first color line PL1, a second color line PL2, a third color line PL3, and a fifth color line PL5A were formed on the substrate 10 by gravure offset printing. The first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, the third color line PL3, and the fifth color line PL5A were formed using cyan ink, magenta ink, yellow ink, and black ink, respectively. The display member 1C obtained in this manner was also subjected to the same measurements as in Example 1.

[0198] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 48 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first color line PL1 were 9.5 μm and 2.5 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second color line PL2 were 11.9 μm and 2.3 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third color line PL3 were 14.3 μm and 1.7 μm, respectively. The width W5A and height H5A of the fifth color line PL5A were 9.5 μm and 0.7 μm, respectively.

[0199] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 were spaced apart from one another within the pixel PX and between the pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in the pixel PX adjacent to it in the Y direction. As shown in FIG. 10 , the portions of the outlines of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convexly curved. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 12 , the portions of the outlines of the fifth colored line PL5A in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convexly curved.

[0200] 9 to 13 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the gravure plate was changed. However, in this example, the fifth color lines PL5B and PL5C were omitted in all pixels PX. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display member 1C.

[0201] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 48 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first color line PL1 were 9.5 μm and 2.5 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second color line PL2 were 11.9 μm and 2.3 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third color line PL3 were 14.3 μm and 1.7 μm, respectively. The width W5A and height H5A of the fifth color line PL5A were 14.3 μm and 0.8 μm, respectively.

[0202] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 were spaced apart from one another within the pixel PX and between the pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in the pixel PX adjacent to it in the Y direction. As shown in FIG. 10 , the portions of the outlines of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convexly curved. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 12 , the portions of the outlines of the fifth colored line PL5A in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convexly curved.

[0203] 9 to 13 was manufactured by the same method as in Example 3, except that the gravure plate was changed. However, in this example, the fifth color-exhibiting line PL5C was not omitted, and the fifth color-exhibiting line PL5B was omitted in all pixels PX. Measurements similar to those in Example 1 were also performed on this display member 1C.

[0204] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 48 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first color line PL1 were 9.5 μm and 2.5 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second color line PL2 were 11.9 μm and 2.3 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third color line PL3 were 14.3 μm and 1.7 μm, respectively. The width W5A and height H5A of the fifth color line PL5A were 9.5 μm and 2.4 μm, respectively. The width W5C and height H5C of the fifth color line PL5C were 14.3 μm and 1.6 μm, respectively.

[0205] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 were spaced apart from one another within a pixel PX and between pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in the pixel PX adjacent to it in the Y direction. As shown in FIG. 10 , the portions of the outlines of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convexly curved. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 12 , the portions of the outlines of the fifth colored lines PL5A and PL5C in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convexly curved.

[0206] 9 to 13 was manufactured by the same method as in Example 3, except that the gravure plate was changed. However, in this example, the fifth color-exhibiting lines PL5B and PL5C were not omitted, and the fifth color-exhibiting line PL5A was omitted in all pixels PX. Measurements similar to those in Example 1 were also performed on this display member 1C.

[0207] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 48 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first color line PL1 were 9.5 μm and 2.5 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second color line PL2 were 11.9 μm and 2.3 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third color line PL3 were 14.3 μm and 1.7 μm, respectively. The sum of the width WP5B of the fifth color line PL5B and the width WP5C of the fifth color line PL5C, i.e., the width W5BC, was 31.9 μm, and their height H5 was 0.9 μm.

[0208] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 were spaced apart from one another within a pixel PX and between pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in the pixel PX adjacent to it in the Y direction, respectively. As shown in FIG. 10 , the portions of the outlines of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convex curved. Furthermore, in pixels PX that included both the fifth colored lines PL5B and PL5C, the fifth colored lines PL5B and PL5C were connected to one another. In a pixel PX that includes only one of the fifth color lines PL5B and PL5C, the portion of the cross-sectional contour perpendicular to the Y direction of the fifth color line that corresponds to the upper surface of the color line is a convex curve, as shown in Figure 12.

[0209] 9 to 13 was manufactured by the same method as in Example 3, except that the gravure plate was changed. However, in this example, the fifth color-exhibiting lines PL5B and PL5C were not omitted, and the fifth color-exhibiting line PL5A was omitted in all pixels PX. Measurements similar to those in Example 1 were also performed on this display member 1C.

[0210] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 48 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first color line PL1 were 9.5 μm and 2.5 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second color line PL2 were 11.9 μm and 2.3 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third color line PL3 were 14.3 μm and 1.7 μm, respectively. The sum of the width WP5B of the fifth color line PL5B and the width WP5C of the fifth color line PL5C, i.e., the width W5BC, was 19.0 μm, and their height H5 was 1.0 μm.

[0211] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 were spaced apart from one another within a pixel PX and between pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in the pixel PX adjacent to it in the Y direction, respectively. As shown in FIG. 10 , the portions of the outlines of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convex curved. Furthermore, the fifth colored lines PL5B and PL5C were spaced apart from one another within a pixel PX and between pixels PX. As shown in FIG. 12, the fifth colored line had a convex curve in the outline of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction, at a portion corresponding to the upper surface of the colored line.

[0212] 9 to 13 was produced in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the gravure plate was changed. However, in this example, the fifth color lines PL5B and PL5C were not omitted. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also carried out on this display member 1C.

[0213] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 48 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first color line PL1 were 9.5 μm and 2.5 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second color line PL2 were 11.9 μm and 2.3 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third color line PL3 were 14.3 μm and 1.7 μm, respectively. The sum of the width WP5A of the fifth color line PL5A, the width WP5B of the fifth color line PL5B, and the width WP5C of the fifth color line PL5C, i.e., the width W5ABC, was 47.8 μm, and their height H5 was 1.1 μm.

[0214] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 were spaced apart from one another within the pixel PX and between the pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in the pixel PX adjacent to it in the Y direction. As shown in FIG. 10 , the portions of the outlines of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convex curved. Furthermore, in pixels PX that included the fifth colored line PL5B and at least one of the fifth colored lines PL5A and PL5C, adjacent fifth colored lines were connected to one another. As shown in FIG. 12, the fifth colored lines that were not connected to each other had a convex curve in the outline of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction, in the portion corresponding to the upper surface of the colored line.

[0215] 9 to 13 was produced in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the gravure plate was changed. However, in this example, the fifth color lines PL5B and PL5C were not omitted. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also carried out on this display member 1C.

[0216] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 48 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first color line PL1 were 9.5 μm and 2.5 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second color line PL2 were 11.9 μm and 2.3 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third color line PL3 were 14.3 μm and 1.7 μm, respectively. The sum of the width WP5A of the fifth color line PL5A, the width WP5B of the fifth color line PL5B, and the width WP5C of the fifth color line PL5C, i.e., the width W5ABC, was 28.6 μm, and their height H5 was 1.5 μm.

[0217] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 were spaced apart from one another within the pixel PX and between the pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in the pixel PX adjacent to it in the Y direction. As shown in FIG. 10 , the portions of the outlines of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convex curved. Furthermore, in a pixel PX that included a fifth colored line PL5B and at least one of the fifth colored lines PL5A and PL5C, adjacent fifth colored lines were spaced apart from one another. As shown in FIG. 12, the fifth colored line had a convex curve in the outline of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction, at a portion corresponding to the upper surface of the colored line.

[0218] Example 10 The display element 1D described with reference to Figures 14 to 18 was manufactured. However, in this example, the fifth color-exhibiting line PL5A was omitted in all pixels PX.

[0219] First, a square film piece having a length of 200 mm was cut out from a white polycarbonate film having a thickness of 100 μm. This film piece was used as the substrate 10.

[0220] Next, a first color line PL1, a second color line PL2, a third color line PL3, and fifth color lines PL5B and PL5C were formed on the substrate 10 using a gravure offset printing method. The first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, and the third color line PL3 were formed using cyan ink, magenta ink, and yellow ink, respectively. The fifth color lines PL5B and PL5C were formed using black ink. Measurements similar to those in Example 1 were also performed on this display element 1D.

[0221] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 48 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first color line PL1 were 9.5 μm and 2.5 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second color line PL2 were 11.9 μm and 2.3 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third color line PL3 were 14.3 μm and 1.7 μm, respectively. Furthermore, the sum of the width WP5B of the fifth color line PL5B and the width WP5C of the fifth color line PL5C, i.e., the width W5BC, was 31.9 μm, and their height H5 was 0.9 μm.

[0222] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 were spaced apart from one another within a pixel PX and between pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in the pixel PX adjacent to it in the Y direction, respectively. As shown in FIG. 15 , the portions of the outlines of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convex curved. Furthermore, in pixels PX that included both the fifth colored lines PL5B and PL5C, the fifth colored lines PL5B and PL5C were connected to one another. In a pixel PX that includes only one of the fifth color lines PL5B and PL5C, the portion of the cross-sectional contour perpendicular to the Y direction of the fifth color line that corresponds to the upper surface of the color line is a convex curve, as shown in Figure 17.

[0223] Example 11 The display 1E described with reference to FIG. 19 was manufactured.

[0224] First, a square film piece having a length of 200 mm was cut out from a colorless and transparent polyethylene terephthalate film having a thickness of 125 μm. This film piece was used as the substrate 10.

[0225] Next, a first color line PL1, a second color line PL2, a third color line PL3, fifth color lines PL5A to PL5C, and sixth color lines PL6A to PL6C were formed on the substrate 10 using a gravure offset printing method. The first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, and the third color line PL3 were formed using cyan ink, magenta ink, and yellow ink, respectively. The fifth color lines PL5A to PL5C were formed using black ink. The sixth color lines PL6A to PL6C were formed using white ink. Measurements similar to those for Example 1 were also performed on this display element 1E.

[0226] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 48 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first color line PL1 were 9.5 μm and 2.5 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second color line PL2 were 11.9 μm and 2.3 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third color line PL3 were 14.3 μm and 1.7 μm, respectively. The sum of the width WP5A of the fifth color line PL5A, the width WP5B of the fifth color line PL5B, and the width WP5C of the fifth color line PL5C, i.e., the width W5ABC, was 28.6 μm, and their height H5 was 1.5 μm. The sum of the width WP6A of the sixth colored line PL6A, the width WP6B of the sixth colored line PL6B, and the width WP6C of the sixth colored line PL6C, i.e., the width W6PABC, was 47.8 μm, and the height H6 of these sixth colored lines was 3.4 μm.

[0227] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 were spaced apart from one another within a pixel PX and between pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in the pixel PX adjacent to it in the Y direction. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 each had a convex curved portion in the cross-sectional outline perpendicular to the Y direction that corresponded to the upper surface of the colored line. Furthermore, in a pixel PX that included a fifth colored line PL5B and at least one of the fifth colored lines PL5A and PL5C, adjacent fifth colored lines were spaced apart from one another. 17, the fifth color line had a convex curved portion of its outline in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that corresponded to the upper surface of the color line. Furthermore, in pixels PX that included the sixth color line PL6B and at least one of the sixth color lines PL6A and PL6C, adjacent sixth color lines were connected to each other. For the sixth color lines that were not connected to each other, the portion of their outline in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that corresponded to the upper surface of the color line was convex curved.

[0228] 6 and 7 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the gravure plate was changed. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also carried out on this display member 1A.

[0229] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 76 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first color line PL1 were 20.2 μm and 1.8 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second color line PL2 were 18.6 μm and 2.1 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third color line PL3 were 23.6 μm and 2.7 μm, respectively.

[0230] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 were spaced apart from one another within the pixel PX and between the pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in the pixel PX adjacent to it in the Y direction, respectively. Note that, as shown in FIG. 7 , the portions of the outlines of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convex curved.

[0231] 6 and 7 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the gravure plate was changed. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also carried out on this display member 1A.

[0232] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 8 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first color line PL1 were 2.0 μm and 0.6 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second color line PL2 were 2.2 μm and 0.4 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third color line PL3 were 1.8 μm and 0.5 μm, respectively.

[0233] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 were spaced apart from one another within the pixel PX and between the pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in the pixel PX adjacent to it in the Y direction, respectively. Note that, as shown in FIG. 7 , the portions of the outlines of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convex curved.

[0234] 9 to 13 was manufactured by the same method as in Example 3, except that the gravure plate was changed. However, in this example, the fifth color lines PL5B and PL5C were omitted in all pixels PX. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display member 1C.

[0235] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 8 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first colored line PL1 were 2.0 μm and 0.6 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 2.2 μm and 0.4 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 1.8 μm and 0.5 μm, respectively. The width W5A and height H5A of the fifth colored line PL5A were 2.0 μm and 0.2 μm, respectively.

[0236] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 were spaced apart from one another within the pixel PX and between the pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in the pixel PX adjacent to it in the Y direction. As shown in FIG. 10 , the portions of the outlines of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convexly curved. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 12 , the portions of the outlines of the fifth colored line PL5A in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convexly curved.

[0237] 9 to 13 was manufactured by the same method as in Example 3, except that the gravure plate was changed. However, in this example, the fifth color-exhibiting line PL5C was not omitted, and the fifth color-exhibiting line PL5B was omitted in all pixels PX. Measurements similar to those in Example 1 were also performed on this display member 1C.

[0238] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 8 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first color line PL1 were 2.0 μm and 0.6 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second color line PL2 were 2.2 μm and 0.4 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third color line PL3 were 1.8 μm and 0.5 μm, respectively. The width W5A and height H5A of the fifth color line PL5A were 2.0 μm and 0.2 μm, respectively. The width W5C and height H5C of the fifth color line PL5C were 2.0 μm and 0.2 μm, respectively.

[0239] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 were spaced apart from one another within a pixel PX and between pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in the pixel PX adjacent to it in the Y direction. As shown in FIG. 10 , the portions of the outlines of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convexly curved. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 12 , the portions of the outlines of the fifth colored lines PL5A and PL5C in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convexly curved.

[0240] 9 to 13 was manufactured by the same method as in Example 3, except that the gravure plate was changed. However, in this example, the fifth color-exhibiting lines PL5B and PL5C were not omitted, and the fifth color-exhibiting line PL5A was omitted in all pixels PX. Measurements similar to those in Example 1 were also performed on this display member 1C.

[0241] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 8 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first color line PL1 were 2.0 μm and 0.6 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second color line PL2 were 2.2 μm and 0.4 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third color line PL3 were 1.8 μm and 0.5 μm, respectively. The sum of the width WP5B of the fifth color line PL5B and the width WP5C of the fifth color line PL5C, i.e., the width W5BC, was 5.4 μm, and their height H5 was 0.2 μm.

[0242] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 were spaced apart from one another within a pixel PX and between pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in the pixel PX adjacent to it in the Y direction, respectively. As shown in FIG. 10 , the portions of the outlines of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convex curved. Furthermore, in pixels PX that included both the fifth colored lines PL5B and PL5C, the fifth colored lines PL5B and PL5C were connected to one another. In a pixel PX that includes only one of the fifth color lines PL5B and PL5C, the portion of the cross-sectional contour perpendicular to the Y direction of the fifth color line that corresponds to the upper surface of the color line is a convex curve, as shown in Figure 12.

[0243] 9 to 13 was produced by the same method as in Example 3, except that the gravure plate was changed. However, in this example, the fifth color lines PL5B and PL5C were not omitted. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also carried out on this display member 1C.

[0244] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 8 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first color line PL1 were 2.0 μm and 0.6 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second color line PL2 were 2.2 μm and 0.4 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third color line PL3 were 1.8 μm and 0.5 μm, respectively. The sum of the width WP5A of the fifth color line PL5A, the width WP5B of the fifth color line PL5B, and the width WP5C of the fifth color line PL5C, i.e., the width W5ABC, was 7.8 μm, and their height H5 was 0.2 μm.

[0245] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 were spaced apart from one another within the pixel PX and between the pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in the pixel PX adjacent to it in the Y direction. As shown in FIG. 10 , the portions of the outlines of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convex curved. Furthermore, in pixels PX that included the fifth colored line PL5B and at least one of the fifth colored lines PL5A and PL5C, adjacent fifth colored lines were connected to one another. As shown in FIG. 12, the fifth colored lines that were not connected to each other had a convex curve in the outline of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction, in the portion corresponding to the upper surface of the colored line.

[0246] Example 18 The display element 1D was manufactured as described with reference to Figures 14 to 18. However, in this example, the fifth coloring line PL5A was omitted in all pixels PX.

[0247] First, a square film piece having a length of 200 mm was cut out from a white polycarbonate film having a thickness of 100 μm. This film piece was used as the substrate 10.

[0248] Next, a first color line PL1, a second color line PL2, a third color line PL3, and fifth color lines PL5B and PL5C were formed on the substrate 10 using a gravure offset printing method. The first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, and the third color line PL3 were formed using cyan ink, magenta ink, and yellow ink, respectively. The fifth color lines PL5B and PL5C were formed using black ink. Measurements similar to those in Example 1 were also performed on this display element 1D.

[0249] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 8 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first color line PL1 were 2.0 μm and 0.6 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second color line PL2 were 2.2 μm and 0.4 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third color line PL3 were 1.8 μm and 0.5 μm, respectively. Furthermore, the sum of the width WP5B of the fifth color line PL5B and the width WP5C of the fifth color line PL5C, i.e., the width W5BC, was 5.4 μm, and their height H5 was 0.2 μm.

[0250] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 were spaced apart from one another within a pixel PX and between pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in the pixel PX adjacent to it in the Y direction, respectively. As shown in FIG. 15 , the portions of the outlines of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convex curved. Furthermore, in pixels PX that included both the fifth colored lines PL5B and PL5C, the fifth colored lines PL5B and PL5C were connected to one another. As shown in FIG. 17, the fifth colored lines that were not connected to each other had a convex curve in the outline of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction, in the portion corresponding to the upper surface of the colored line.

[0251] Example 19 The display element 1E described with reference to Fig. 19 was manufactured. However, in this example, the fifth color lines PL5B and PL5C were omitted.

[0252] First, a square film piece having a length of 200 mm was cut out from a colorless and transparent polyethylene terephthalate film having a thickness of 125 μm. This film piece was used as the substrate 10.

[0253] Next, a first color line PL1, a second color line PL2, a third color line PL3, a fifth color line PL5A, and sixth color lines PL6A to PL6C were formed on the substrate 10 using a gravure offset printing method. The first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, and the third color line PL3 were formed using cyan ink, magenta ink, and yellow ink, respectively. The fifth color line PL5A was formed using black ink. The sixth color lines PL6A to PL6C were formed using white ink. Measurements similar to those in Example 1 were also performed on this display element 1E.

[0254] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 8 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first color line PL1 were 2.0 μm and 0.6 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second color line PL2 were 2.2 μm and 0.4 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third color line PL3 were 1.8 μm and 0.5 μm, respectively. The width W5A and height H5A of the fifth color line PL5A were 2.0 μm and 0.2 μm, respectively. The sum of the width WP6A of the sixth color line PL6A, the width WP6B of the sixth color line PL6B, and the width WP6C of the sixth color line PL6C, i.e., the width W6PABC, was 7.8 μm, and the height H6 of these sixth color lines was 0.2 μm.

[0255] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 were spaced apart from one another within the pixel PX and between the pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in the pixel PX adjacent to it in the Y direction. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 each had a convex curved portion corresponding to the upper surface of the colored line in the outline of a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction. The fifth colored line PL5A also had a convex curved portion corresponding to the upper surface of the colored line in the outline of a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction. In addition, in a pixel PX including the sixth color line PL6B and at least one of the sixth color lines PL6A and PL6C, adjacent sixth color lines were connected to each other. In the sixth color lines that were not connected to each other, the portion of the outline of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that corresponded to the upper surface of the color line was a convex curve.

[0256] 6 and 7 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the gravure plate was changed. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also carried out on this display member 1A.

[0257] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 164 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first colored line PL1 were 56.0 μm and 3.4 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 43.2 μm and 4.5 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 52.5 μm and 3.2 μm, respectively.

[0258] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 were spaced apart from one another within the pixel PX and between the pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in the pixel PX adjacent to it in the Y direction, respectively. Note that, as shown in FIG. 7 , the portions of the outlines of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convex curved.

[0259] 6 and 7 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the gravure plate was changed. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also carried out on this display member 1A.

[0260] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 330 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first color line PL1 were 114.8 μm and 11.6 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second color line PL2 were 95.4 μm and 10.3 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third color line PL3 were 89.8 μm and 12.0 μm, respectively.

[0261] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 were spaced apart from one another within the pixel PX and between the pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in the pixel PX adjacent to it in the Y direction, respectively. Note that, as shown in FIG. 7 , the portions of the outlines of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convex curved.

[0262] 9 to 13 was manufactured by the same method as in Example 3, except that the gravure plate was changed. However, in this example, the fifth color lines PL5B and PL5C were omitted in all pixels PX. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display member 1C.

[0263] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 330 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first color line PL1 were 114.8 μm and 11.6 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second color line PL2 were 95.4 μm and 10.3 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third color line PL3 were 89.8 μm and 12.0 μm, respectively. The width W5A and height H5A of the fifth color line PL5A were 100.0 μm and 12.0 μm, respectively.

[0264] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 were spaced apart from one another within the pixel PX and between the pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in the pixel PX adjacent to it in the Y direction. As shown in FIG. 10 , the portions of the outlines of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convexly curved. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 12 , the portions of the outlines of the fifth colored line PL5A in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convexly curved.

[0265] 9 to 13 was manufactured by the same method as in Example 3, except that the gravure plate was changed. However, in this example, the fifth color-exhibiting line PL5C was not omitted, and the fifth color-exhibiting line PL5B was omitted in all pixels PX. Measurements similar to those in Example 1 were also performed on this display member 1C.

[0266] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 330 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first colored line PL1 were 114.8 μm and 11.6 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 95.4 μm and 10.3 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 89.8 μm and 12.0 μm, respectively. The width W5A and height H5A of the fifth colored line PL5A were 100.0 μm and 12.0 μm, respectively. The width W5C and height H5C of the fifth colored line PL5C were 100.0 μm and 12.0 μm, respectively.

[0267] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 were spaced apart from one another within a pixel PX and between pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in the pixel PX adjacent to it in the Y direction. As shown in FIG. 10 , the portions of the outlines of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convexly curved. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 12 , the portions of the outlines of the fifth colored lines PL5A and PL5C in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convexly curved.

[0268] 9 to 13 was manufactured by the same method as in Example 3, except that the gravure plate was changed. However, in this example, the fifth color-exhibiting lines PL5B and PL5C were not omitted, and the fifth color-exhibiting line PL5A was omitted in all pixels PX. Measurements similar to those in Example 1 were also performed on this display member 1C.

[0269] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 330 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first color line PL1 were 114.8 μm and 11.6 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second color line PL2 were 95.4 μm and 10.3 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third color line PL3 were 89.8 μm and 12.0 μm, respectively. The sum of the width WP5B of the fifth color line PL5B and the width WP5C of the fifth color line PL5C, i.e., the width W5BC, was 200.0 μm, and their height H5 was 12.0 μm.

[0270] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 were spaced apart from one another within a pixel PX and between pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in the pixel PX adjacent to it in the Y direction, respectively. As shown in FIG. 10 , the portions of the outlines of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convex curved. Furthermore, in pixels PX that included both the fifth colored lines PL5B and PL5C, the fifth colored lines PL5B and PL5C were connected to one another. In a pixel PX that includes only one of the fifth color lines PL5B and PL5C, the portion of the cross-sectional contour perpendicular to the Y direction of the fifth color line that corresponds to the upper surface of the color line is a convex curve, as shown in Figure 12.

[0271] 9 to 13 was produced in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the gravure plate was changed. However, in this example, the fifth color lines PL5B and PL5C were not omitted. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also carried out on this display member 1C.

[0272] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 330 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first color line PL1 were 114.8 μm and 11.6 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second color line PL2 were 95.4 μm and 10.3 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third color line PL3 were 89.8 μm and 12.0 μm, respectively. The sum of the width WP5A of the fifth color line PL5A, the width WP5B of the fifth color line PL5B, and the width WP5C of the fifth color line PL5C, i.e., the width W5ABC, was 300.0 μm, and their height H5 was 12.0 μm.

[0273] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 were spaced apart from one another within the pixel PX and between the pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in the pixel PX adjacent to it in the Y direction. As shown in FIG. 10 , the portions of the outlines of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convex curved. Furthermore, in pixels PX that included the fifth colored line PL5B and at least one of the fifth colored lines PL5A and PL5C, adjacent fifth colored lines were connected to one another. As shown in FIG. 12, the fifth colored lines that were not connected to each other had a convex curve in the outline of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction, in the portion corresponding to the upper surface of the colored line.

[0274] Example 26 The display element 1D described with reference to Figures 14 to 18 was manufactured. However, in this example, the fifth color-exhibiting line PL5A was omitted in all pixels PX.

[0275] First, a square film piece having a length of 200 mm was cut out from a white polycarbonate film having a thickness of 100 μm. This film piece was used as the substrate 10.

[0276] Next, a first color line PL1, a second color line PL2, a third color line PL3, and fifth color lines PL5B and PL5C were formed on the substrate 10 using a gravure offset printing method. The first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, and the third color line PL3 were formed using cyan ink, magenta ink, and yellow ink, respectively. The fifth color lines PL5B and PL5C were formed using black ink. Measurements similar to those in Example 1 were also performed on this display element 1D.

[0277] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 330 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first color line PL1 were 114.8 μm and 11.6 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second color line PL2 were 95.4 μm and 10.3 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third color line PL3 were 89.8 μm and 12.0 μm, respectively. Furthermore, the sum of the width WP5B of the fifth color line PL5B and the width WP5C of the fifth color line PL5C, i.e., the width W5BC, was 200.0 μm, and their height H5 was 12.0 μm.

[0278] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 were spaced apart from one another within a pixel PX and between pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in the pixel PX adjacent to it in the Y direction, respectively. As shown in FIG. 15 , the portions of the outlines of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convex curved. Furthermore, in pixels PX that included both the fifth colored lines PL5B and PL5C, the fifth colored lines PL5B and PL5C were connected to one another. As shown in FIG. 17, the fifth colored lines that were not connected to each other had a convex curve in the outline of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction, in the portion corresponding to the upper surface of the colored line.

[0279] Example 27 The display 1E described with reference to FIG. 19 was manufactured.

[0280] First, a square film piece having a length of 200 mm was cut out from a colorless and transparent polyethylene terephthalate film having a thickness of 125 μm. This film piece was used as the substrate 10.

[0281] Next, a first color line PL1, a second color line PL2, a third color line PL3, fifth color lines PL5A to PL5C, and sixth color lines PL6A to PL6C were formed on the substrate 10 using a gravure offset printing method. The first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, and the third color line PL3 were formed using cyan ink, magenta ink, and yellow ink, respectively. The fifth color lines PL5A to PL5C were formed using black ink. The sixth color lines PL6A to PL6C were formed using white ink. Measurements similar to those for Example 1 were also performed on this display element 1E.

[0282] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 330 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first color line PL1 were 114.8 μm and 11.6 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second color line PL2 were 95.4 μm and 10.3 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third color line PL3 were 89.8 μm and 12.0 μm, respectively. The sum of the width WP5A of the fifth color line PL5A, the width WP5B of the fifth color line PL5B, and the width WP5C of the fifth color line PL5C, i.e., the width W5ABC, was 300.0 μm, and their height H5 was 12.0 μm. The sum of the width WP6A of the sixth colored line PL6A, the width WP6B of the sixth colored line PL6B, and the width WP6C of the sixth colored line PL6C, i.e., the width W6PABC, was 300.0 μm, and the height H6 of these sixth colored lines was 12.0 μm.

[0283] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 were spaced apart from one another within a pixel PX and between pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in the pixel PX adjacent to it in the Y direction. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 each had a convex curved portion in the outline of a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that corresponded to the upper surface of the colored line. The fifth colored line also had a convex curved portion in the outline of a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that corresponded to the upper surface of the colored line. In addition, in a pixel PX including the sixth color line PL6B and at least one of the sixth color lines PL6A and PL6C, adjacent sixth color lines were connected to each other. In the sixth color lines that were not connected to each other, the portion of the outline of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that corresponded to the upper surface of the color line was a convex curve.

[0284] 6 and 7 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the gravure plate was changed. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also carried out on this display member 1A.

[0285] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 20 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first colored line PL1 were 4.3 μm and 0.2 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 3.8 μm and 0.8 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 5.1 μm and 0.7 μm, respectively.

[0286] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 were spaced apart from one another within the pixel PX and between the pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in the pixel PX adjacent to it in the Y direction, respectively. Note that, as shown in FIG. 7 , the portions of the outlines of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convex curved.

[0287] Example 29 The display member 1B described with reference to Fig. 8 was manufactured by the following method. Here, the display member 1B was manufactured so that the first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, the third color line PL3, and the fourth color line PL4, which were adjacent in the Y direction, were spaced apart from each other.

[0288] First, a square film piece having a length of 200 mm was cut out from a white polycarbonate film having a thickness of 100 μm. This film piece was used as the substrate 10.

[0289] Next, a first color line PL1, a second color line PL2, a third color line PL3, and a fourth color line PL4 were formed on the substrate 10 by gravure offset printing. The first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, the third color line PL3, and the fourth color line PL4 were formed using cyan ink, magenta ink, yellow ink, and black ink, respectively. Measurements similar to those in Example 1 were also performed on this display member 1B.

[0290] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 54 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first colored line PL1 were 8.6 μm and 0.8 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 9.3 μm and 0.7 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 11.2 μm and 0.6 μm, respectively. The width W4P and height H4 of the fourth colored line PL4 were 10.9 μm and 0.7 μm, respectively.

[0291] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, and the fourth colored line PL4 were spaced apart from one another within the pixel PX and between the pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, and the fourth colored line PL4 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, and the fourth colored line PL4 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. As in the other examples, the portions of the outlines of the cross sections perpendicular to the Y direction corresponding to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convex curved.

[0292] Example 30 The display member 1B described with reference to Fig. 8 was produced in the same manner as in Example 29, except that the gravure plate was changed. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also carried out on this display member 1B.

[0293] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 16 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first colored line PL1 were 2.4 μm and 0.2 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 1.8 μm and 0.4 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 1.6 μm and 0.4 μm, respectively. The width W4P and height H4 of the fourth colored line PL4 were 2.2 μm and 0.3 μm, respectively.

[0294] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, and the fourth colored line PL4 were spaced apart from one another within the pixel PX and between the pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, and the fourth colored line PL4 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, and the fourth colored line PL4 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. As in the other examples, the portions of the outlines of the cross sections perpendicular to the Y direction corresponding to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convex curved.

[0295] Example 31 The display member 1B described with reference to Fig. 8 was produced in the same manner as in Example 29, except that the gravure plate was changed. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also carried out on this display member 1B.

[0296] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 236 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first colored line PL1 were 56.0 μm and 2.3 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 43.2 μm and 2.9 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 52.5 μm and 2.8 μm, respectively. The width W4P and height H4 of the fourth colored line PL4 were 48.3 μm and 2.4 μm, respectively.

[0297] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, and the fourth colored line PL4 were spaced apart from one another within the pixel PX and between the pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, and the fourth colored line PL4 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, and the fourth colored line PL4 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. As in the other examples, the portions of the outlines of the cross sections perpendicular to the Y direction corresponding to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convex curved.

[0298] Example 32 The display member 1B described with reference to Fig. 8 was produced in the same manner as in Example 29, except that the gravure plate was changed. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also carried out on this display member 1B.

[0299] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 440 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first colored line PL1 were 116.3 μm and 11.7 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 85.0 μm and 10.3 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 95.0 μm and 10.4 μm, respectively. The width W4P and height H4 of the fourth colored line PL4 were 103.8 μm and 12.0 μm, respectively.

[0300] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, and the fourth colored line PL4 were spaced apart from one another within the pixel PX and between the pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, and the fourth colored line PL4 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, and the fourth colored line PL4 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. As in the other examples, the portions of the outlines of the cross sections perpendicular to the Y direction corresponding to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convex curved.

[0301] 6 and 7 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the gravure plate was changed. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also carried out on this display member 1A.

[0302] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 6 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first color line PL1 were 1.3 μm and 0.3 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second color line PL2 were 2.2 μm and 0.1 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third color line PL3 were 1.8 μm and 0.1 μm, respectively.

[0303] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 were spaced apart from one another within the pixel PX and between the pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in the pixel PX adjacent to it in the Y direction, respectively. Note that, as shown in FIG. 7 , the portions of the outlines of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convex curved.

[0304] 6 and 7 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the gravure plate was changed. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also carried out on this display member 1A.

[0305] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 106 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first colored line PL1 were 30.6 μm and 1.8 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 42.1 μm and 1.5 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 20.3 μm and 2.8 μm, respectively.

[0306] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 were spaced apart from one another within the pixel PX and between the pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in the pixel PX adjacent to it in the Y direction, respectively. Note that, as shown in FIG. 7 , the portions of the outlines of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 in a cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convex curved.

[0307] Example 35 The display member 1B described with reference to Fig. 8 was produced in the same manner as in Example 29, except that the gravure plate was changed. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also carried out on this display member 1B.

[0308] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 172 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first colored line PL1 were 39.0 μm and 0.7 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 27.0 μm and 1.9 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 45.0 μm and 1.7 μm, respectively. The width W4P and height H4 of the fourth colored line PL4 were 24.2 μm and 3.4 μm, respectively.

[0309] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, and the fourth colored line PL4 were spaced apart from one another within the pixel PX and between the pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, and the fourth colored line PL4 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, and the fourth colored line PL4 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. As in the other examples, the portions of the outlines of the cross sections perpendicular to the Y direction corresponding to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convex curved.

[0310] Example 36 The display member 1B described with reference to Fig. 8 was produced in the same manner as in Example 29, except that the gravure plate was changed. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also carried out on this display member 1B.

[0311] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 14 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first colored line PL1 were 1.2 μm and 0.1 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 1.5 μm and 0.1 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 1.4 μm and 0.1 μm, respectively. The width W4P and height H4 of the fourth colored line PL4 were 1.8 μm and 0.1 μm, respectively.

[0312] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, and the fourth colored line PL4 were spaced apart from one another within the pixel PX and between the pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, and the fourth colored line PL4 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, and the fourth colored line PL4 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. As in the other examples, the portions of the outlines of the cross sections perpendicular to the Y direction corresponding to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convex curved.

[0313] Comparative Example 1 A display similar to the display 1A described with reference to Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the gravure plate was changed. Measurements similar to those in Example 1 were also carried out on this display.

[0314] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 628 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first colored line PL1 were 196.0 μm and 14.9 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 165.4 μm and 9.4 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 120.3 μm and 6.4 μm, respectively.

[0315] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 were spaced apart from one another within the pixel PX and between the pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 included in the pixel PX adjacent to it in the Y direction. The portions of the outlines of the cross sections perpendicular to the Y direction of each of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, and the third colored line PL3 corresponding to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convex but not curved as shown in FIG. 7 . Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4 , both ends of the above-mentioned portions were curved, but the portions between them were linear.

[0316] Comparative Example 2 A display similar to the display 1B described with reference to Fig. 8 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 29, except that the gravure plate was changed. Measurements similar to those in Example 1 were also carried out on this display.

[0317] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 498 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first color line PL1 were 118.5 μm and 14.0 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second color line PL2 were 134.2 μm and 13.3 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third color line PL3 were 104.5 μm and 15.8 μm, respectively. The width W4P and height H4 of the fourth color line PL4 were 105.0 μm and 12.5 μm, respectively.

[0318] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, and the fourth colored line PL4 were spaced apart from one another within a pixel PX and between pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, and the fourth colored line PL4 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, and the fourth colored line PL4 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. The portions of the outlines of the cross sections perpendicular to the Y direction of each of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, and the fourth colored line PL4 that corresponded to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convex but not curved as shown in FIG. 7 . Specifically, the portion had curved ends, but a straight line between them, as shown in FIG.

[0319] Comparative Example 3 A display similar to the display 1B described with reference to Fig. 8 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 29, except that the gravure plate was changed. Measurements similar to those in Example 1 were also carried out on this display.

[0320] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 960 μm. The width W1P and height H1 of the first colored line PL1 were 185.0 μm and 18.0 μm, respectively. The width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 253.0 μm and 21.2 μm, respectively. The width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 223.0 μm and 17.5 μm, respectively. The width W4P and height H4 of the fourth colored line PL4 were 286.0 μm and 15.0 μm, respectively.

[0321] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, and the fourth colored line PL4 were spaced apart from one another within a pixel PX and between pixels PX. The distances between them in the X direction were approximately equal. The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, and the fourth colored line PL4 included in each pixel PX were spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, and the fourth colored line PL4 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. The portions of the outlines of the cross sections perpendicular to the Y direction of each of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, and the fourth colored line PL4 that corresponded to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convex but not curved as shown in FIG. 7 . Specifically, the portion had curved ends, but a straight line between them, as shown in FIG.

[0322] Comparative Example 4 Fig. 23 is a plan view showing an enlarged portion of a display according to Comparative Example 4. The display 1H shown in Fig. 23 is similar to the display 1B described with reference to Fig. 8, except for the following configuration. That is, in the display 1H shown in Fig. 23, the first region R1, the second region R2, the third region R3, and the fourth region R4 are each arc-shaped, and accordingly, the first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, the third color line PL3, and the fourth color line PL4 are each arc-shaped. The first region R1, the second region R2, the third region R3, and the fourth region R4 have the same shape and dimensions of the arc-shaped portions of their contours. Furthermore, in the display 1H, the width of the color lines is changed instead of the length of the color lines to enable the display of a gradation display image.

[0323] In this comparative example, the display member 1H described with reference to Fig. 23 was manufactured by the same method as in Example 29, except that the gravure plate was changed. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also carried out on this display member 1H.

[0324] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 560 μm. Ｉ , the width W of the second region R2 ＩＩ , the width W of the third region R3 ＩＩＩ and the width W of the fourth region R4 ＩＶ were all 80 μm. The first region R1, second region R2, third region R3, and fourth region R4 were spaced apart from one another. The average width W1P and average height H1 of the first colored line PL1 were 64.1 μm and 3.1 μm, respectively. The average width W2P and average height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 38.3 μm and 1.6 μm, respectively. The average width W3P and average height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 28.2 μm and 1.8 μm, respectively. The average width W4P and average height H4 of the fourth colored line PL4 were 70.7 μm and 4.3 μm, respectively.

[0325] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, and the fourth colored line PL4 included in each pixel PX were respectively spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, and the fourth colored line PL4 included in the pixel PX adjacent to it in the Y direction. Note that, as in the other examples, the portions of the outlines of the cross sections perpendicular to the Y direction of each of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, and the fourth colored line PL4 that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convex curved.

[0326] Comparative Example 5 FIG. 24 is a plan view showing an enlarged portion of a display according to Comparative Example 5. The display 1I shown in FIG. 24 is similar to the display 1H described with reference to FIG. 23 , except for the following configuration. That is, in the display 1I shown in FIG. 24 , the pixel PX further includes an arc-shaped fifth region R5, and an arc-shaped fifth coloring line PL5 is provided in the fifth region R5 in one or more pixels PX. The first region R1, the second region R2, the third region R3, the fourth region R4, and the fifth region R5 have the same shape and dimensions as each other in the arc-shaped portions of their contours. Furthermore, in the display 1I, similar to the display 1H, the width of the coloring line is changed instead of the length of the coloring line to enable the display of a grayscale image.

[0327] In this comparative example, the display member 1I described with reference to Fig. 24 was manufactured by the same method as in Comparative Example 4, except that the gravure plate was changed. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also carried out on this display member 1I.

[0328] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 640 μm. Ｉ , the width W of the second region R2 ＩＩ , the width W of the third region R3 ＩＩＩ , the width W of the fourth region R4 ＩＶ , and the width W of the fifth region R5 Ｖ were all 80 μm. The first region R1, second region R2, third region R3, fourth region R4, and fifth region R5 were spaced apart from one another. The average width W1P and average height H1 of the first colored line PL1 were 64.1 μm and 3.1 μm, respectively. The average width W2P and average height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 38.3 μm and 1.6 μm, respectively. The average width W3P and average height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 28.2 μm and 1.8 μm, respectively. The average width W4P and average height H4 of the fourth colored line PL4 were 70.7 μm and 4.3 μm, respectively. The average width W5 and average height H5 of the fifth colored line PL5 were 61.3 μm and 3.7 μm, respectively.

[0329] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, the fourth colored line PL4, and the fifth colored line PL5 included in each pixel PX were respectively spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, the fourth colored line PL4, and the fifth colored line PL5 included in the pixel PX adjacent to it in the Y direction. Note that, as in the other examples, the portions of the outlines of the cross sections perpendicular to the Y direction of each of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, the fourth colored line PL4, and the fifth colored line PL5 that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convex curved.

[0330] Comparative Example 6 FIG. 25 is a plan view showing an enlarged portion of a display according to Comparative Example 6. The display 1J shown in FIG. 25 is similar to the display 1B described with reference to FIG. 8 , except for the following configuration. That is, in the display 1J shown in FIG. 25 , the first region R1, the second region R2, the third region R3, and the fourth region R4 are each arc-shaped, and accordingly, the first color line PL1, the second color line PL2, the third color line PL3, and the fourth color line PL4 are each arc-shaped. The arc-shaped portions of the contours of the first region R1, the second region R2, the third region R3, and the fourth region R4 are parts of concentric circles. Furthermore, in the display 1J, the width of the color lines is changed instead of the length of the color lines to enable the display of a gradation display image.

[0331] In this comparative example, the display member 1J described with reference to Fig. 25 was manufactured by the same method as in Example 29, except that the gravure plate was changed. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also carried out on this display member 1J.

[0332] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 443 μm. Ｉ , the width W of the second region R2 ＩＩ , the width W of the third region R3 ＩＩＩ and the width W of the fourth region R4 ＩＶwere 64 μm, 74 μm, 93 μm, and 193 μm, respectively. The average width W1P and average height H1 of the first colored line PL1 were 24.5 μm and 1.9 μm, respectively. The average width W2P and average height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 35.2 μm and 2.2 μm, respectively. The average width W3P and average height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 54.6 μm and 3.4 μm, respectively. The average width W4P and average height H4 of the fourth colored line PL4 were 150.8 μm and 7.3 μm, respectively.

[0333] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, and the fourth colored line PL4 included in each pixel PX were respectively spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, and the fourth colored line PL4 included in the pixel PX adjacent to it in the Y direction. Note that, as in the other examples, the portions of the outlines of the cross sections perpendicular to the Y direction of each of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, and the fourth colored line PL4 that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convex curved.

[0334] Comparative Example 7 FIG. 26 is a plan view showing an enlarged portion of a display according to Comparative Example 7. The display 1K shown in FIG. 26 is similar to the display 1J described with reference to FIG. 25 , except for the following configuration. That is, in the display 1K shown in FIG. 26 , the pixel PX further includes an arc-shaped fifth region R5, and an arc-shaped fifth coloring line PL5 is provided in the fifth region R5 in one or more pixels PX. The arc-shaped portions of the outlines of the first region R1, the second region R2, the third region R3, the fourth region R4, and the fifth region R5 are parts of concentric circles. Furthermore, in the display 1K, similar to the display 1J, the width of the coloring line is changed instead of the length of the coloring line to enable the display of a grayscale image.

[0335] In this comparative example, display member 1K, which has been described with reference to Fig. 26, was manufactured by the same method as in comparative example 6, except that the gravure plate was changed. Measurements similar to those in example 1 were also carried out on this display member 1K.

[0336] As a result, the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 443 μm. Ｉ, the width W of the second region R2 ＩＩ , the width W of the third region R3 ＩＩＩ , the width W of the fourth region R4 ＩＶ and the width W of the fifth region R5 Ｖ were 54 μm, 64 μm, 78 μm, 92 μm, and 125 μm, respectively. The average width W1P and average height H1 of the first colored line PL1 were 24.5 μm and 1.3 μm, respectively. The average width W2P and average height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 35.2 μm and 2.2 μm, respectively. The average width W3P and average height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 54.6 μm and 3.4 μm, respectively. The average width W4P and average height H4 of the fourth colored line PL4 were 150.8 μm and 7.3 μm, respectively. The average width W5 and average height H5 of the fifth colored line PL5 were 81.4 μm and 10.4 μm, respectively.

[0337] The first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, the fourth colored line PL4, and the fifth colored line PL5 included in each pixel PX were respectively spaced apart from the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, the fourth colored line PL4, and the fifth colored line PL5 included in the pixel PX adjacent to it in the Y direction. Note that, as in the other examples, the portions of the outlines of the cross sections perpendicular to the Y direction of each of the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2, the third colored line PL3, the fourth colored line PL4, and the fifth colored line PL5 that correspond to the upper surfaces of the colored lines were convex curved.

[0338] <Evaluation> The image quality of the images displayed by the display bodies of Examples 1 to 36 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7 was evaluated as follows. That is, each display body was placed under a white light source and observed from a position 30 cm away from the printed surface in a direction perpendicular to the main surface of the substrate. When each pixel could not be distinguished from the other pixels, that is, when the square shape of each pixel was not recognized, it was judged as "A," and when a pixel could be distinguished from the other pixels, it was judged as "C."

[0339] Subsequently, the following evaluation was performed regarding the change in glossiness. That is, the direction perpendicular to the main surface of the substrate was set to 0°, and each display was observed while changing the observation direction within an angle range of approximately ±80° in a plane perpendicular to the Y direction. When the angle was changed from 0°, the case where the glossiness changed was judged as "A", and when such a change did not occur, it was judged as "B".

[0340] Next, the anti-counterfeiting effect was evaluated as follows: Each display was copied using the color copy function of a digital full-color multifunction printer IM C4500 manufactured by Ricoh Co., Ltd. If the image on the copy had changes due to unevenness or a decrease in clarity, it was rated as "A," and if there was no change in the image, it was rated as "C."

[0341] Furthermore, an overall evaluation was made based on the above evaluation results. Specifically, if all of the evaluations regarding image quality, change in glossiness, and anti-counterfeiting effect were "A," the overall evaluation was determined to be "AA." If the evaluations regarding image quality and anti-counterfeiting effect were "A" but the evaluation regarding change in glossiness was "B," the overall evaluation was determined to be "A." If the evaluation regarding anti-counterfeiting effect was "A," but the evaluation regarding change in glossiness was "C" and the evaluation regarding image quality was "C," the overall evaluation was determined to be "C." If the evaluation regarding change in glossiness was "A," but the evaluations regarding image quality and anti-counterfeiting effect were "C," the overall evaluation was determined to be "D." If the evaluation regarding change in glossiness was "B," but the evaluations regarding image quality and anti-counterfeiting effect were "C," the overall evaluation was determined to be "E."

[0342] The above evaluation results are shown in the table below along with various parameters. ＡＶ " is the arithmetic mean W of the widths W1, W2 and W3 ＡＶ 1, or the arithmetic mean W of the widths W1, W2, W3 and W4 ＡＶ 2. The widths W1, W2, W3, and W4 are equal to the widths W1P, W2P, W3P, and W4P, respectively.

[0343] "ΔW1" is the width W1 and the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ "ΔW2" represents the difference between the width W2 and the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ"ΔW3" represents the difference between the width W3 and the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ "ΔW4" represents the difference between the width W4 and the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ It represents the difference between

[0344] "ΔW5A" is the width W5A and the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ "ΔW5BC" represents the difference between half the width W5BC and the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ "ΔW5ABC" represents the difference between one-third of the width W5ABC and the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ "ΔW6ABC" represents the difference between one-third of the width W6ABC and the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ It represents the difference between

[0345]

[0346]

[0347]

[0348]

[0349]

[0350]

[0351]

[0352]

[0353]

[0354] As shown in Tables 1 to 9 above, the display bodies of Examples 1 to 36, in which the dimensions of pixel PX in the X and Y directions were small, displayed high-resolution images, and each pixel was indistinguishable from the other pixels with the naked eye. Furthermore, the display bodies of Examples 1 to 36, in which the width of the colored lines was small, displayed images that could not be reproduced in copies, demonstrating a high degree of anti-counterfeiting effectiveness. Furthermore, the display bodies of Examples 1 to 36, in which the difference in the width of the colored lines was small, exhibited a change in glossiness with changes in the viewing direction, which made it possible to visually determine their authenticity.

[0355] The root mean square roughness Rq of the colored line was also measured using the method described above, and some of the results are shown in Table 10 below.

[0356]

[0357] As shown in Table 10, in the indicators according to Examples 1, 12, 13, 20, 28 and 32, the root mean square roughness Rq of all the colored lines was 0.420 or less.

[0358] Example 37 The display 1G described with reference to FIG. 21 was manufactured by the following method.

[0359] First, a relief structure was formed on a resist layer provided on a substrate using an electron beam lithography system. Grooves corresponding to grating lines were formed at a spatial frequency of 1150 lines / mm in the portion of the resist layer corresponding to the first region R1. Grooves corresponding to grating lines were formed at a spatial frequency of 1310 lines / mm in the portion of the resist layer corresponding to the second region R2. Grooves corresponding to grating lines were formed at a spatial frequency of 1550 lines / mm in the portion of the resist layer corresponding to the third region R3. These grooves were formed so that a square image area measuring 30 mm in the X and Y directions and square pixels measuring 30 μm in the X and Y directions were obtained, with the length of each groove parallel to the X direction. A metal layer was formed on this resist layer by sputtering, and electroforming was then performed to obtain an electroformed plate.

[0360] Next, the transfer foil 2 described with reference to FIG. 22 was manufactured. First, a release layer was formed on a polyethylene terephthalate film to obtain a support 21. Next, an ultraviolet-curable resin was coated on the release layer to a thickness of approximately 3 μm. The electroformed plate was pressed against this ultraviolet-curable resin layer, and heating and ultraviolet irradiation were performed. This hardened the ultraviolet-curable resin, obtaining a relief structure forming layer 22 having the relief structure described above on its surface. After removing the electroformed plate, a vapor-deposited layer made of aluminum was formed on the entire surface of the relief structure forming layer 22. Then, an adhesive was applied to the vapor-deposited layer, and the coating was dried to obtain an adhesive layer 23.

[0361] Next, a laminate of the relief structure forming layer 22, the vapor deposition layer, and the adhesive layer 23 was transferred from the support 21 onto the substrate 10. The composite of this laminate and the substrate 10 was then sandwiched between a light-scattering layer 11 and a transparent layer 12 to obtain a blank medium. The substrate 10 was made of LEXAN® SD8B94 (thickness: 100 μm) manufactured by SABIC. The light-scattering layer 11 was made of LEXAN® SD8B24 (thickness: 200 μm) manufactured by SABIC. The transparent layer 12 was made of LEXAN® SD8B14 (thickness: 100 μm) manufactured by SABIC. The blank medium was irradiated with infrared laser light from the transparent layer 12 side, and the vapor deposition material was removed in the irradiated areas. In this manner, a display member 1G was obtained.

[0362] This display 1G was illuminated with white light from a direction perpendicular to the X direction and at an angle of 45° to the Y direction, and observed from the Z direction. As a result, a multi-color gradation display image could be visually recognized.

[0363] 1...Display body, 1A...Display body, 1B...Display body, 1C...Display body, 1D...Display body, 1E...Display body, 1F...Display body, 1G...Display body, 1H...Display body, 1J...Display body, 1K...Display body , 2... Transfer foil, 10... Base material, 11... Light scattering layer, 12... Transparent layer, 21... Support, 22... Relief structure forming layer, 23... Adhesive layer, PL1... First colored line, PL2... Second colored line, PL3...Third coloring line, PL4...Fourth coloring line, PL5...Fifth coloring line, PL5A...Fifth coloring line, PL5B...Fifth coloring line, PL5C...Fifth coloring line, PL6A...Sixth coloring line, P L6B...Sixth colored line, PL6C...Sixth colored line, PR...Print area, PX...Pixel, R1...First area, R2...Second area, R3...Third area, R4...Fourth area, R5...Fifth area.

Claims

1. a substrate and a plurality of pixels disposed on the substrate; the plurality of pixels are arranged in first and second directions that intersect with each other, and each dimension in the first and second directions is 440 μm or less; each of the plurality of pixels includes first to third linear regions that extend in the second direction and are arranged in the first direction; At least some of the pixels have a first coloring line in the first region that extends across the entire width of the first region and in the second direction; At least some of the pixels are provided with second color lines in the second region, the second color lines extending across the entire width of the second region, and the second color lines having a different color from the first color lines; a third color line extending across the entire width of at least some of the pixels in the third region, extending in the second direction, and exhibiting a color different from the first and second color lines; Each of the plurality of pixels has one or more dimensions of the first to third color lines in the second direction that are different from one or more of the other pixels of the plurality of pixels, thereby displaying a gradation display image.

2. The arithmetic mean W of the width W1 of the first region, the width W2 of the second region, and the width W3 of the third region ＡＶ 1 and the absolute value of the difference between the width W1 and the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ Absolute value of the difference between 1 and the width W2, and the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ The absolute value of the difference between 1 and the width W3 is ＡＶ 2. The display according to claim 1, wherein the ratio to 1 is in the range of 0 to 20%.

3. The display device described in claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of pixels further includes a linear fourth region extending in the second direction and arranged in the first direction relative to the first to third regions, and at least some of the plurality of pixels have a fourth color line in the fourth region that extends across the entire width of the fourth region, extends in the second direction, and is a color different from the first to third color lines.

4. The arithmetic mean W of the width W1 of the first region, the width W2 of the second region, the width W3 of the third region, and the width W4 of the fourth region ＡＶ 2 and the absolute value of the difference between the width W1, the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ 2 and the absolute value of the difference between the width W2, the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ 2 and the absolute value of the difference between the width W3 and the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ The absolute values ​​of the differences between the width W2 and the width W4 are the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ 4. The display according to claim 3, wherein the ratio to 2 is in the range of 0 to 20%.

5. a substrate and a plurality of pixels disposed on the substrate; the plurality of pixels are arranged in first and second directions that intersect with each other, and each dimension in the first and second directions is 440 μm or less; each of the plurality of pixels includes first to third linear regions that extend in the second direction and are arranged in the first direction; At least some of the pixels have a first coloring line in the first region that extends across the entire width of the first region and in the second direction; At least some of the pixels are provided with second color lines in the second region, the second color lines extending across the entire width of the second region, and the second color lines having a different color from the first color lines; a third color line extending across the entire width of at least some of the pixels in the third region, extending in the second direction, and exhibiting a color different from the first and second color lines; At least some of the pixels have a first region including a first portion where the first color line is not provided, a second region including a second portion where the second color line is not provided, or a third region including a third portion where the third color line is not provided, and one or more of the first to third portions are provided with a fifth color line that extends in the second direction and has a color different from that of the first to third color lines, Each of the plurality of pixels has one or more dimensions of the first to third color lines in the second direction that are different from those of one or more other pixels of the plurality of pixels, and has a total area of ​​the fifth color line that is different from those of one or more other pixels of the plurality of pixels, thereby resulting in a display that displays a gradation display image.

6. 6. The indicator according to claim 5, wherein each of the first to third portions is provided with the fifth colored line over its entire length.

7. The display according to claim 5 , wherein the fifth coloring line is provided only in a part of the first to third portions of at least some of the pixels.

8. The display device described in claim 5, wherein at least a portion of the plurality of pixels have the fifth color line only in a portion of the first to third portions, and a sixth color line extending in the second direction and exhibiting a color different from the first to third color lines and the fifth color line is provided in the portion of the first to third portions where the fifth color line is not provided.

9. The display device described in claim 8, wherein in each of the pixels including the sixth color line, the sum of the dimension of the first color line in the second direction and the dimension of the fifth color line provided in the first portion in the second direction, the sum of the dimension of the second color line in the second direction and the dimension of the fifth color line provided in the second portion in the second direction, and the sum of the dimension of the third color line in the second direction and the dimension of the fifth color line provided in the third portion in the second direction are all equal to each other.

10. The arithmetic mean W of the width W1 of the first region, the width W2 of the second region, and the width W3 of the third region ＡＶ 1 and the absolute value of the difference between the width W1 and the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ Absolute value of the difference between 1 and the width W2, and the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ The absolute value of the difference between 1 and the width W3 is ＡＶ the ratio to 1 is in the range of 0 to 20%; The arithmetic mean W ＡＶ the difference between the width W5A of the fifth colored line located in the first region and the width W5A of the fifth colored line located in the first region, ＡＶ the difference between the width W5B of the fifth colored line located in the second region and the width W1 of the fifth colored line located in the second region, and the arithmetic mean W ＡＶ The difference between the width W5C of the fifth colored line located in the third region and the width W5C of the fifth colored line located in the third region is ＡＶ 6. The display according to claim 5, wherein the ratio to 1 is within the range of -20 to 34%.

11. 6. The display device according to claim 1, wherein among the plurality of pixels, those adjacent to each other in the first direction have the same arrangement order of the first to third regions, and among the plurality of pixels, those adjacent to each other in the second direction have the same arrangement order of the first to third regions.

12. 6. The display device according to claim 1, wherein among the plurality of pixels, adjacent ones in the first direction have the same arrangement order of the first to third regions, and among the plurality of pixels, adjacent ones in the second direction have different arrangement orders of the first to third regions.

13. 6. The display according to claim 1, wherein the width of the colored line is in the range of 2.0 to 100.0 [mu]m.

14. 6. The display according to claim 1, wherein a portion of the outline of each of the colored lines in a cross section perpendicular to the second direction, which corresponds to an upper surface of the colored line, is a convex curve.

15. 6. The display according to claim 1, wherein the height of the colored line is in the range of 0.2 to 12.0 [mu]m.

16. 6. The display according to claim 1, wherein the root mean square roughness Rq of the colored line is 0.420 [mu]m or less.

17. 6. The indicator according to claim 1, wherein the colored lines are printed lines.

18. 6. The indicator according to claim 1, wherein the colored lines are formed by gravure offset printing.

19. 6. The display according to claim 1, wherein the colored lines include a vapor deposition layer provided on at least a portion of a relief type diffraction grating.

20. 20. The display according to claim 19, wherein the plurality of pixels include a relief structure forming layer having the relief type diffraction grating provided on one surface thereof, and the vapor deposition layer partially covering the relief type diffraction grating.