Push switch

Abstract

This push switch comprises: a housing that has a first accommodation portion; a central fixed contact provided to a bottom section of the first accommodation portion; a movable contact member that is disposed inside the first accommodation portion, and performs an inversion operation by receiving a pushing force from above, thereby bringing a central section thereof into contact with the central fixed contact; and a cover member that covers an upper section of the first accommodation portion, wherein the movable contact member is formed by superimposing a plurality of metal sheets on each other, a lowermost layer metal sheet among the plurality of metal sheets has a rotation stop part provided so as to protrude outward from an outer peripheral edge portion, the housing has a second accommodation portion that accommodates the rotation stop part, the rotation stop part abuts an inner wall surface of the second accommodation portion to thereby stop the rotation of the bottom layer metal sheet, and an uppermost layer metal sheet among the plurality of metal sheets does not have a rotation stop part, but rather includes a pressing member that presses a surface of the uppermost layer metal sheet from above to thereby suppress rotation of the uppermost layer metal sheet.

Description

Push switch

[0001] The present invention relates to a push switch.

[0002] The following Patent Document 1 discloses a technology for a push switch having multiple metal contacts (movable contact members) stacked on top of each other, which can prevent rotation of all of the multiple metal contacts by providing a pair of rotation stoppers protruding from the outer periphery of each of the multiple metal contacts.

[0003] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2021-174722

[0004] However, with the technology of Patent Document 1, when a pressing operation is performed by a pressing member and multiple metal contacts are reversed, the rotation prevention portion of the topmost metal contact closest to the cover sheet arranged to cover the multiple metal contacts may jump up, which may damage the cover sheet.

[0005] A push switch according to one embodiment comprises a housing having a first accommodating portion, a central fixed contact provided at the bottom of the first accommodating portion, a movable contact member disposed within the first accommodating portion and reversing when subjected to a pressing force from above, so that its central portion comes into contact with the central fixed contact, and a cover member covering the upper part of the first accommodating portion, wherein the movable contact member is constructed by stacking a plurality of metal plates, and the bottommost metal plate of the plurality of metal plates has a rotation stopper portion protruding outward from its outer peripheral edge, the housing has a second accommodating portion that accommodates the rotation stopper portion, and the rotation stopper portion abuts against the inner wall surface of the second accommodating portion to prevent rotation of the bottommost metal plate, and the topmost metal plate of the plurality of metal plates does not have a rotation stopper portion and comprises a pressing member disposed between the cover member and the topmost metal plate that presses against the surface of the topmost metal plate from above to prevent rotation of the topmost metal plate.

[0006] According to one embodiment, wear of the movable contact member and damage to the cover member can be suppressed.

[0007] 1. An external perspective view of a push switch according to one embodiment; 2. An exploded perspective view of a push switch according to one embodiment; 3. A plan view of a push switch according to one embodiment; 4. A cross-sectional view of a push switch according to one embodiment;

[0008] An embodiment will be described below with reference to the drawings. For convenience, in the following description, the Z-axis direction in the drawings is the up-down direction, the Y-axis direction in the drawings is the left-right direction, and the X-axis direction in the drawings is the front-rear direction. However, the positive Z-axis direction is the up direction, the positive Y-axis direction is the right direction, and the positive X-axis direction is the front.

[0009] (Overview of Push Switch 100) FIG. 1 is an external perspective view of a push switch 100 according to one embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the push switch 100 has an overall thin rectangular parallelepiped shape extending in the up-down direction (Z-axis direction) and a rectangular shape with its longitudinal direction extending in the left-right direction (Y-axis direction) when viewed from above. As shown in FIG. 1, the push switch 100 has a housing 160 whose top surface 160A is covered by an insulator 110. A protruding portion 111 that protrudes upward (in the positive Z-axis direction) is formed in the center of the insulator 110. A pressing body 120 is bonded to the back side of the protruding portion 111. This allows the push switch 100 to be pressed downward (in the negative Z-axis direction) by the pressing body 120, which switches the switch from an off state to an on state.

[0010] 2 is an exploded perspective view of the push switch 100 according to one embodiment. As shown in FIG. 2, the push switch 100 includes, in order from the bottom (negative side of the Z axis) in the drawing, a housing 160, a movable contact member 150, and an insulator 110.

[0011] The housing 160 is a container-like member having a thin rectangular parallelepiped shape in the up-down direction (Z-axis direction). When viewed from above in a plan view, the housing 160 has a rectangular shape with the left-right direction (Y-axis direction) as the longitudinal direction and the front-rear direction (X-axis direction) as the lateral direction. The housing 160 has a first accommodating portion 160B that is recessed downward from the top surface 160A. The movable contact member 150 is accommodated within the first accommodating portion 160B. For example, the housing 160 is formed by insert molding using a relatively hard insulating material (e.g., hard resin, etc.).

[0012] A central fixed contact 161 and four peripheral fixed contacts 162 are provided on bottom 160C of first accommodating portion 160B of housing 160. Central fixed contact 161 is provided in the center of bottom 160C. The four peripheral fixed contacts 162 are provided on the periphery of bottom 160C. Central fixed contact 161 and peripheral fixed contacts 162 are both formed using a conductive material (e.g., a metal material).

[0013] The movable contact member 150 is disposed within the first accommodating portion 160B of the housing 160. The movable contact member 150 has a dome shape that is convex upward (in the positive direction of the Z axis) with a top portion 150A in the center. When the movable contact member 150 receives a pressing force from above, it reverses, and the center portion contacts a central fixed contact 161 provided on the bottom portion 160C of the first accommodating portion 160B of the housing 160. The movable contact member 150 is placed on the four peripheral fixed contacts 162 so that its circular outer periphery contacts each of the four peripheral fixed contacts 162 provided on the bottom portion 160C of the first accommodating portion 160B of the housing 160.

[0014] The movable contact member 150 is a so-called "reversal spring." When a pressing operation is performed by the pressing body 120, the top portion 150A is pressed downward by the pressing body 120, and when a predetermined operating load is exceeded, the top portion 150A suddenly elastically deforms (reverses) into a concave shape. As a result, the movable contact member 150 contacts the central fixed contact 161 at the back side of the top portion 150A and is electrically connected to the central fixed contact 161. As a result, the movable contact member 150 can electrically connect the central fixed contact 161 and the peripheral fixed contacts 162 to each other via the movable contact member 150. When the pressing force from the pressing body 120 is released, the movable contact member 150 returns to its original convex shape due to its elastic force.

[0015] The movable contact member 150 is configured by stacking a bottom-most metal plate 151, which is located at the bottom, and a top-most metal plate 152, which is located at the top. Both the bottom-most metal plate 151 and the top-most metal plate 152 have a circular shape when viewed from above, and are dome-shaped members that are convex upward (in the positive direction of the Z axis). Both the bottom-most metal plate 151 and the top-most metal plate 152 are formed into a dome shape using thin metal plates.

[0016] In this embodiment, the movable contact member 150 is expressed as multiple metal plates stacked on top of each other, but another way of expressing this is to regard one metal plate as one movable contact member 150, and to express it as multiple movable contact members 150 stacked on top of each other.

[0017] The insulator 110 is a thin sheet-like member disposed on the upper surface 160A of the housing 160. The insulator 110 is an example of a "cover member that covers the upper portion of the first accommodating section." The insulator 110 is formed using a resin material such as PET. When viewed from above, the insulator 110 has a generally rectangular shape with the longitudinal direction extending in the left-right direction (Y-axis direction) and the lateral direction extending in the front-rear direction (X-axis direction). That is, when viewed from above, the insulator 110 has substantially the same shape as the upper surface 160A of the housing 160 so as to cover substantially the entire upper surface 160A of the housing 160. The insulator 110 is bonded to the upper surface 160A of the housing 160 by any bonding means (e.g., laser welding) while covering the upper surface 160A of the housing 160. The insulator 110 seals the first accommodating portion 160B by closing the upper opening of the first accommodating portion 160B of the housing 160. A protruding portion 111 that protrudes upward (in the positive direction of the Z axis) is formed in the center of the insulator 110. As shown in Fig. 3, a pressing body 120 is bonded to the back side of the protruding portion 111.

[0018] The pressing body 120 is a member disposed on the top 150A of the movable contact member 150 and in the space behind the raised portion 111 of the insulator 110. The pressing body 120 has a circular shape in a plan view from above (see FIG. 3 ) and a three-dimensional shape protruding upward from the top 130A of the movable contact member 150. The pressing body 120 is formed using a resin material such as PA. The pressing body 120 has a curved upper surface portion that conforms to the raised portion 111 of the insulator 110, and the upper surface portion is bonded to the rear portion of the raised portion 111 of the insulator 110 by any bonding method (e.g., laser welding). In this embodiment, the pressing body 120 has a three-dimensional shape resembling a hemisphere that has been crushed in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction) (see FIG. 4 ). However, the pressing body 120 is not limited thereto, and may be cylindrical, ellipsoidal, or the like. Furthermore, the pressing body 120 is not limited to having a circular shape when viewed from above.

[0019] (Operation of Push Switch 100) In push switch 100 according to one embodiment, when no pressing operation is performed by pressing body 120, movable contact member 150 is in an initial state in which it is convex upward, so that movable contact member 150 is in contact with peripheral fixed contacts 162 but not with central fixed contact 161. In other words, peripheral fixed contacts 162 and central fixed contact 161 are not electrically connected to each other. For this reason, push switch 100 according to one embodiment is in a switch-off state when no pressing operation is performed by pressing body 120.

[0020] In the push switch 100 according to one embodiment, when a pressing operation is performed by the pressing body 120, the pressing body 120 presses down on the top portion 150A of the movable contact member 150. Then, when the operating load of the pressing operation by the pressing body 120 exceeds a predetermined threshold, the top portion 150A of the movable contact member 150 elastically deforms (reverses) into a concave shape. As a result, the rear side of the top portion 150A of the movable contact member 150 comes into contact with the central fixed contact 161, thereby electrically connecting the central fixed contact 161. As a result, the central fixed contact 161 and the peripheral fixed contacts 162 are electrically connected to each other via the movable contact member 150, and the push switch 100 enters an ON state. At this time, the reversal of the movable contact member 150 allows the push switch 100 according to one embodiment to provide a clicking sensation in response to the pressing operation by the pressing body 120. Therefore, the push switch 100 according to one embodiment allows the operator to tactilely know that the switch has been switched to the on state.

[0021] In the push switch 100 according to one embodiment, when the pressing operation by the pressing body 120 is released, the movable contact member 150 returns to its original convex shape due to its own elastic force, and as a result, the push switch 100 returns to the switch-off state.

[0022] (Rotation Stop Structure) The rotation stop structure of the push switch 100 according to one embodiment will now be described with reference to Figures 3 and 4. Figure 3 is a plan view of the push switch 100 according to one embodiment. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the push switch 100 according to one embodiment. Note that in Figure 4, the insulator 110 is not shown so that the pressing body 120 can be seen from above.

[0023] The bottom-layer metal plate 151 has rotation stoppers 151A that protrude radially outward from the circular outer periphery. In the present embodiment, as an example, the bottom-layer metal plate 151 has two rotation stoppers 151A arranged 180° apart (i.e., arranged point-symmetrically). Of the two rotation stoppers 151A, one rotation stopper 151A protrudes in the positive direction of the Y axis, and the other rotation stopper 151A protrudes in the negative direction of the Y axis. Both rotation stoppers 151A are tongue-shaped and extend horizontally (i.e., parallel to the XY plane) from the outer periphery of the bottom-layer metal plate 151.

[0024] The housing 160 has a second accommodating portion 163 that is recessed outward from the inner wall surface of the first accommodating portion 160B (outward in the radial direction of the circle formed by the lowest-layer metal plate 151). The second accommodating portion 163 accommodates the rotation stopper 151A of the lowest-layer metal plate 151. In this embodiment, since the lowest-layer metal plate 151 has two rotation stopper portions 151A, the housing 160 has two second accommodating portions 163. That is, the housing 160 has a second accommodating portion 163 on each of the inner wall surface on the Y-axis positive side of the first accommodating portion 160B and the inner wall surface on the Y-axis negative side of the first accommodating portion 160B.

[0025] 3 and 4 , two rotation stop portions 151A of bottom-layer metal plate 151 are accommodated in two second accommodation portions 163 of housing 160, respectively. As a result, in push switch 100 according to one embodiment, even if bottom-layer metal plate 151 rotates when pressing body 120, each of two rotation stop portions 151A of bottom-layer metal plate 151 abuts against the inner wall surfaces of two second accommodation portions 163 of housing 160, thereby preventing rotation of bottom-layer metal plate 151. Therefore, push switch 100 according to one embodiment can prevent wear of top-layer metal plate 152 and bottom-layer metal plate 151 due to friction between top-layer metal plate 152 and bottom-layer metal plate 151.

[0026] Here, if a similar rotation stopper is provided on the top layer metal plate 152, when the movable contact member 150 reverses, the rotation stopper on the top layer metal plate 152 closest to the insulator 110 may jump up, potentially damaging the insulator 110.

[0027] Therefore, in the push switch 100 according to one embodiment, the top metal plate 152 does not have a rotation stopper, which prevents damage to the insulator 110 when the movable contact member 150 is reversed.

[0028] In push switch 100 according to one embodiment, top layer metal plate 152 does not have a rotation stopper, but top layer metal plate 152 can be pressed from above by pressing body 120, thereby preventing rotation of top layer metal plate 152. Therefore, push switch 100 according to one embodiment can prevent wear of top layer metal plate 152 and bottom layer metal plate 151 due to friction between top layer metal plate 152 and bottom layer metal plate 151.

[0029] In push switch 100 according to one embodiment, even if rotation stopper 151A of bottom metal plate 151 bounces up when movable contact member 150 is reversed, a sufficient distance is provided between rotation stopper 151A and insulator 110 so that rotation stopper 151A does not come into contact with insulator 110. This makes it possible for push switch 100 according to one embodiment to prevent damage to insulator 110 when movable contact member 150 is reversed.

[0030] Another Embodiment FIG. 5 is a perspective cross-sectional view of a push switch 100-2 according to another embodiment. The push switch 100-2 according to another embodiment shown in FIG. 5 is a modified example of the push switch 100 according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 5, the push switch 100-2 is similar to the push switch 100 according to the first embodiment in that it includes a housing 160, an insulator 110, and a pressing body 120. However, the push switch 100-2 differs from the push switch 100 in that it includes, in order from the bottom, a movable contact member 150, an insulating sheet 140, and a second movable contact member 130 within a first storage portion 160B of the housing 160.

[0031] The second movable contact member 130 is disposed above the movable contact member 150 within the first accommodating portion 160B of the housing 160. The second movable contact member 130 has a dome shape with a peak 130A at its center and a convex shape that is upwardly convex (in the positive direction of the Z axis). The second movable contact member 130 is formed into a dome shape using a thin metal plate. The second movable contact member 130 contacts and is electrically connected to a second peripheral fixed contact (not shown) provided within the first accommodating portion 160B of the housing 160. The second movable contact member 130 is a so-called "reversal spring." When a pressing operation is performed with the pressing body 120, the peak 130A is pressed downward by the pressing body 120. When a predetermined operating load is exceeded, the peak 130A suddenly elastically deforms into a concave shape (reversal movement). As a result, the second movable contact member 130 comes into contact with the top portion 150A of the movable contact member 150 at the rear side of the top portion 130A, and is electrically connected to the peripheral fixed contacts 162 via the movable contact member 150. When the pressing force from the pressing body 120 is released, the second movable contact member 130 returns to its original convex shape due to its elastic force.

[0032] The insulating sheet 140 is a sheet-like member made of an insulating material. The insulating sheet 140 is disposed between the second movable contact member 130 and the movable contact member 150 within the first accommodating portion 160B of the housing 160. The insulating sheet 140 insulates the second movable contact member 130 and the movable contact member 150 from each other to prevent electrical conduction between them when the push switch 100 is not being pressed. A circular opening 141 is formed in the center of the insulating sheet 140. When the pressing body 120 is pressed against the insulating sheet 140, the rear side of the top portion 130A of the second movable contact member 130 can abut against the top portion 150A of the movable contact member 150 through the opening 141.

[0033] (Operation of Push Switch 100-2) In another embodiment of the push switch 100-2, when the pressing body 120 is half-pressed, the pressing body 120 presses down the top portion 130A of the second movable contact member 130, elastically deforming (inverting) the top portion 130A of the second movable contact member 130 into a concave shape. As a result, the back side of the top portion 130A of the second movable contact member 130 comes into contact with the top portion 150A of the movable contact member 150, electrically connecting the second peripheral fixed contact member 130 to the peripheral fixed contact 162 via the movable contact member 150. As a result, the second peripheral fixed contact member 130 and the peripheral fixed contact 162 are electrically connected to each other via the movable contact member 150 and the second movable contact member 130, thereby establishing a first switch-on state. At this time, the push switch 100-2 according to another embodiment can provide a clicking sensation in response to a half-press operation by the pressing body 120 due to the reversal movement of the second movable contact member 130. Therefore, the push switch 100-2 according to another embodiment allows the operator to tactilely recognize that the switch has been switched to the first switch-on state.

[0034] In another embodiment of the push switch 100-2, when the pressing body 120 is fully pressed, the pressing body 120 further presses down the top 130A of the second movable contact member 130. As a result, the back side of the top 130A of the second movable contact member 130 presses down the top 150A of the movable contact member 150, elastically deforming (inverting) the top 150A of the movable contact member 150 into a concave shape. As a result, the back side of the top 150A of the movable contact member 150 comes into contact with the central fixed contact 161, thereby electrically connecting the central fixed contact 161. As a result, the push switch 100-2 is brought into a second switch-on state by the central fixed contact 161 and the peripheral fixed contacts 162 becoming electrically connected to each other via the movable contact member 150. At this time, the push switch 100-2 according to one embodiment can provide a clicking sensation in response to the full press operation of the pressing body 120 due to the reversal movement of the movable contact member 150. Therefore, the push switch 100-2 according to another embodiment can allow the operator to tactilely recognize that the switch has been switched to the second switch-on state.

[0035] In the push switch 100-2 according to another embodiment, when the halfway press or full press by the pressing body 120 is released, the movable contact member 150 returns to its original convex shape due to its own elastic force, and the second movable contact member 130 also returns to its original convex shape due to its own elastic force, so that the push switch 100-2 returns to the switch-off state.

[0036] (Rotation Stop Structure) In a push switch 100-2 according to another embodiment, the movable contact member 150 includes a bottom-most metal plate 151 located at the bottom, a top-most metal plate 152 located at the top, and an intermediate metal plate 153 located between the bottom and top metal plates 151, 152. That is, in the push switch 100-2 according to another embodiment, the movable contact member 150 is configured by stacking three metal plates. The bottom-most metal plate 151, the top-most metal plate 152, and the intermediate metal plate 153 are all circular in plan view from above and are dome-shaped components that are convex upward (in the positive direction of the Z axis). The bottom-most metal plate 151, the top-most metal plate 152, and the intermediate metal plate 153 are all formed into a dome shape using thin metal plates.

[0037] In a push switch 100-2 according to another embodiment, the bottom metal plate 151 has a rotation stopper 151A that protrudes radially outward from the circular outer periphery. Similarly, the middle metal plate 153 has a rotation stopper 153A that protrudes radially outward from the circular outer periphery.

[0038] 5 , the two rotation stop portions 151A of the bottom layer metal plate 151 and the two rotation stop portions 153A of the intermediate layer metal plate 153 are accommodated in the two second accommodation portions 163 of the housing 160. As a result, in the push switch 100-2 according to another embodiment, even if the bottom layer metal plate 151 and the intermediate layer metal plate 153 rotate when a pressing operation is performed by the pressing body 120, the two rotation stop portions 151A of the bottom layer metal plate 151 and the two rotation stop portions 153A of the intermediate layer metal plate 153 abut against the inner wall surfaces of the two second accommodation portions 163 of the housing 160, thereby preventing the rotation of the bottom layer metal plate 151 and the intermediate layer metal plate 153. Therefore, according to another embodiment of the push switch 100-2, wear of the top layer metal plate 152, the middle layer metal plate 153, and the bottom layer metal plate 151 due to friction between the middle layer metal plate 153 and the bottom layer metal plate 151, and friction between the top layer metal plate 152 and the middle layer metal plate 153, can be suppressed.

[0039] In addition, in a push switch 100-2 according to another embodiment, the top metal plate 152 does not have a rotation stopper, which makes it possible to prevent damage to the insulating sheet 140 (another example of a "cover member") when the movable contact member 150 is reversed.

[0040] In push switch 100-2 according to another embodiment, top-layer metal plate 152 does not have a rotation stopper, but top-layer metal plate 152 can be pressed from above with insulating sheet 140 (another example of a "pressing member"), thereby preventing rotation of top-layer metal plate 152. Therefore, push switch 100-2 according to another embodiment can prevent wear of top-layer metal plate 152 and intermediate-layer metal plate 153 due to friction between top-layer metal plate 152 and intermediate-layer metal plate 153.

[0041] As described above, when the movable contact member 150 has the intermediate layer metal plate 153, it is preferable to provide the rotation stopper 153A on the intermediate layer metal plate 153. Furthermore, when the movable contact member 150 has a plurality of intermediate layer metal plates 153, it is preferable to provide the rotation stopper 153A on each of the plurality of intermediate layer metal plates 153.

[0042] Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and various modifications and changes are possible within the scope of the gist of the present invention described in the claims.

[0043] This international application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2022-114922, filed on July 19, 2022, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0044] 100, 100-2 Push switch 110 Insulator 111 Protruding portion 120 Pressing body 130 Second movable contact member 130A Top portion 140 Insulating sheet 141 Opening 150 Movable contact member 150A Top portion 151 Bottom layer metal plate 151A Rotation stop portion 152 Top layer metal plate 153 Intermediate layer metal plate 153A Rotation stop portion 160 Housing 160A Top surface 160B First storage portion 160C Bottom portion 161 Central fixed contact 162 Peripheral fixed contact 163 Second storage portion

Claims

1. a housing having a first receiving portion; A central fixed contact provided at a bottom of the first housing portion; a movable contact member that is disposed in the first housing portion and that reverses when pressed from above so that a central portion of the movable contact member comes into contact with the central fixed contact; a cover member for covering an upper portion of the first storage portion; Equipped with The movable contact member is configured by stacking a plurality of metal plates, Among the plurality of metal plates, a lowermost metal plate disposed at the lowermost position has a rotation stopper provided so as to protrude outward from an outer peripheral edge portion thereof, the housing has a second accommodating portion that accommodates the rotation stopper, and the rotation stopper abuts against an inner wall surface of the second accommodating portion to prevent rotation of the bottom metal plate; Among the plurality of metal plates, a top layer metal plate disposed at the uppermost side does not have the rotation stopper portion, a pressing member provided between the cover member and the top layer metal plate, pressing a surface of the top layer metal plate from above to suppress rotation of the top layer metal plate; The pressing member is an insulating sheet that covers the movable contact member. A push switch characterized by the above.

2. A housing having a first storage portion; A central fixed contact provided at a bottom of the first housing portion; a movable contact member that is disposed in the first housing portion and that reverses when pressed from above so that a central portion of the movable contact member comes into contact with the central fixed contact; a cover member for covering an upper portion of the first storage portion; Equipped with The movable contact member is configured by stacking a plurality of metal plates, Among the plurality of metal plates, a lowermost metal plate disposed at the lowermost position has a rotation stopper provided so as to protrude outward from an outer peripheral edge portion thereof, the housing has a second accommodating portion that accommodates the rotation stopper, and the rotation stopper abuts against an inner wall surface of the second accommodating portion to prevent rotation of the bottom metal plate; Among the plurality of metal plates, a top layer metal plate disposed at the uppermost side does not have the rotation stopper portion, a pressing member provided between the cover member and the top layer metal plate, pressing a surface of the top layer metal plate from above to suppress rotation of the top layer metal plate; The movable contact member is An intermediate layer metal plate is disposed between the bottom layer metal plate and the top layer metal plate, The intermediate layer metal plate has the rotation stopper portion. A push switch characterized by the above.

3. The movable contact member has a dome-shaped portion, The pressing member is a pressing body that presses the top of the dome-shaped portion of the movable contact member.

3. The push switch according to claim 2.

4. The outer shape of the movable contact member is substantially circular.

3. The push switch according to claim 1 or 2.

5. The rotation stopper portion extends horizontally from the outer peripheral edge portion of the lowermost metal plate.

3. The push switch according to claim 1 or 2.

6. The lowermost metal plate has two of the rotation stoppers arranged point symmetrically.

3. The push switch according to claim 1 or 2.