DRILLING SYSTEM FOR RECOVERING ALMOST UNDISTURTED DRILL CORES FROM LOOSE TO SOLID SOILS

Abstract

The device is operated by a conventional rotary drive with a hammer. The torque and impacts from the drill head are transmitted to a drill pipe (8) containing a drill bit. Inside the rotating drill pipe (8) is a non-rotating sleeve (17). This sleeve rests on the inside of the drill bit, which rotates below. As a special feature, the sleeve (17) is connected to the rotating drill head by means of a sleeve adapter (21) with axially consecutive sections that can rotate against each other, and a pressure, flushing, and recovery (PFR) tube (19) connected to them. The PFR (19) rotates with the drill head and drill pipe, and the sleeve adapter (21) communicates with the non-rotating sleeve (17).First, the PFR is used to apply a compressive force to the sleeve (17) from above, second, to flush it by guiding the flushing water for drilling into the PFR (19) and pressing it out of the sleeve (17), and third, to allow the sleeve (17) to be retrieved for a nearly undisturbed drilling proof.

Description

DRILLING SYSTEM FOR RECOVERING ALMOST UNDISTURTED DRILL CORES FROM LOOSE TO SOLID SOILS This drilling system refers to a method and a device for recovering drill cores, in particular from loose soil, but also from solid soil, so that drill core samples can be recovered and deposited almost undisturbed. This means that a cylindrical drill core is extracted from the ground in a hollow cylindrical sleeve, the so-called drill core collector or drill sample collector, and brought to the surface. These cores are, for example, approximately one meter long and 10 to 20 cm in diameter. However, they can also be considerably larger or smaller, depending on the requirements and the dimensions of the drilling rig. At the surface, this drill core is ejected from the hollow cylindrical sleeve and then placed in a freely accessible horizontal position, for example, in the inner casing of a half-cylinder or on a flat surface. To the extent that such a soil sample partially disintegrates due to the consistency of the material when it is ejected from the sleeve, it is no longer 100% undisturbed. However, the sleeve can also be equipped internally with a 52 / 1825 / 23 A lining made, for example, of rigid PVC or another suitable material that fits its inner wall, so that this lining is also pushed onto the soil material with the casing during the drilling operation. In this case, once the casing is retrieved, the lining is ejected from it, with the drill core inside, just as it was in the soil, and can be subsequently opened, for example, by making diametrical cuts, in sections, so that the sample is then completely undisturbed. One of the advantages of using a lining is that, after the casing is retrieved, the volatile contaminants present in the drill core are trapped in it and preserved within the core. However, the use of linings is more complex and also more expensive than drilling without such linings. Soil samples recovered in this way provide information about soil properties and, in particular, about the contaminants that have penetrated it over time. This allows for the creation of reliable records of damage and the implementation of appropriate measures for soil remediation. For agriculture, in particular, it is important to know the soil's qualities, the mineral composition of humus-rich soils, and their nutrient content, or to understand the MÁ / a / ZUZJ / UUJ l OJ 52 / 1825 / 23 potential soil deficiencies. This allows us to determine which soils are suitable for each crop and how fertilizers should be applied, ultimately promoting ecological and high-yield management of agricultural land. These core drilling methods are also suitable for taking soil samples from former landfills, soils suspected of being contaminated, and loose rock formations, including layers of fine sand, peat, and marine chalk. The drilling method also works in soil layers found in groundwater. Soil sampling for geotechnical evaluations of solid soil is a well-established and frequently used method. An internationally recognized Standard Penetration Test (SPT) exists, as defined in ASTM D1586. The test utilizes a thick-walled sample tube with an outer diameter of 50.8 mm, an inner diameter of 35 mm, and a length of approximately 650 mm. This tube is driven into the soil at the bottom of a borehole by blows from a 63.5 kg slide hammer falling from a height of 760 mm. The sample tube is driven 150 mm into the soil, and the number of blows is then recorded. ML / a / ZUZ l OJ 52 / 1825 / 23 blows are required for the pipe to penetrate 150 mm at a time to a depth of 450 mm. The sum of the number of blows required for the second and third penetrations of 152.5 mm (6 inches) is called the standard penetration resistance or N-value, expressed in blows per foot (bpf). This value is fundamental to many types of geotechnical calculations, such as bearing capacity and settlement estimates. In cases where 50 blows are insufficient to advance the penetration through a 150 mm interval, penetration is recorded after 50 blows. The blow count provides an indication of soil density and is used in many empirical formulas in geotechnical engineering. Thus, while drilling in solid soil is well established in the state of the art, drilling and especially core recovery in loose soil proves particularly challenging. This is because, in addition to the rotating drill bit, driving is necessary—that is, a strong impact on the drill head, which then has to transfer these force impacts to the entire drill string, including the drill pipes, the core extractor, and the drill bit attached to it. Consequently, all the parts MÁ / a / ZUZJ / UUJ l OJ 52 / 1825 / 23 core barrels are subjected to enormous mechanical and thermal stress, so their lifespan often leaves much to be desired. For this reason, there is still no truly convincing drilling system that provides reasonably acceptable core quality and, above all, also offers an acceptable lifespan for the drilling system used. Until now, the extraction of cylindrical soil samples from loose soil has been carried out using specially designed drilling equipment. This equipment includes a drill pipe with a starter tube and a drill bit at the lower end. Drilling is performed by rotating the drill pipe, and therefore the starter tube and drill bit, while simultaneously applying percussion, thus driving the core. A tight-fitting sleeve is inserted inside the starter tube to collect the drill core. This sleeve is located at the bottom of the drill bit on a projection that extends radially into the drill bit. This drilling method is described in document EP 2 050 923. It describes it as essential that the core collector or sleeve be fixed inside the starter tube to prevent its rotation and 52 / 1825 / 23 proposes for this purpose a special fixing rod, which runs from top to bottom along the drill pipe in a rotationally fixed manner—that is, without rotation—and is therefore intended to secure the sleeve in a rotationally fixed manner. Practice shows, however, that a fixing rod is not at all necessary to hold the sleeve in the drilling rig so that it cannot rotate, because in any case the sleeve is held in place by the drill core itself, which enters the sleeve as the sleeve is lowered or sunk, and this reliably prevents the sleeve from rotating. Therefore, in principle, the sleeve does not rotate during drilling, but is pressed against the drilled core in an axial direction without rotation, along with the rotational movement of the starting pipe, which rotates around it and sinks onto it.Practice thus demonstrates that the problem PE 2 050 923 was intended to solve was not real; in other words, it did not exist at all. The drill core, which grows inside the plunge sleeve, will hardly rotate, or at most very slightly, simply due to its connection with the ground. Therefore, a fixturing rod to hold the sleeve in place and prevent it from rotating is superfluous. It can even have a negative effect, namely when the sleeve rotates a few degrees in the direction of the drill bit's rotation. 52 / 1825 / 23 of drilling under certain substrate conditions despite the rotation-resistant anchor rod. This does not affect the quality of the drill core, but when such an anchor rod is used, it cannot absorb the resulting torque and breaks. This leads to lengthy, unforeseen drilling interruptions and strenuous work to somehow recover the core. However, work is normally stopped after reaching a drilling section, and the sleeve is pulled upwards from the starter tube along with the drill core. The drill core is then pushed out of the sleeve in a horizontal position, and the empty sleeve can be reinserted into the starter tube. For deeper drilling, the starter tube with the drill bit can be taken to deeper positions using sectional drill pipe extensions, as specified in EP 2 050 923. In the prior art, so-called wireline core drilling methods are known, which allow for the easy retrieval of drill cores from solid rock or solid soil. These methods operate with devices that include a clinker seal, which involves a complex construction unsuitable for drilling in loose soils, as a result of 52 / 1825 / 23 The necessary driving impacts would cause these core recovery devices to break very quickly. Furthermore, a core sleeve or collector cannot be pressed down with ropes onto an exposed core. The difficulties in extracting these cores from loose soil are numerous and are usually greatly underestimated. The drilling equipment develops up to 28,000 Nm of torque, and the impacts of the hammers generate enormous force shocks—that is, those with very high force peaks and individual impact energies of up to 500 Nm—used at frequencies of, for example, 2400 min⁻¹. This places extreme demands on the structure and its stability, which are difficult to determine through calculation alone. Many of the parts used for testing were found to be worn out and unusable after a short period of use. This refers, for example, to the Sonnic hammer drill, or more generally to all hammer drill drives and percussion drills available on the market, for all of which this applies. Less suitable drilling methods can also cause contamination from certain depths of strata to be drawn down by the drill bit or core extractor during the course of the 52 / 1825 / 23 drilling operation. In these cases, a recovered drill core sample can no longer be described as approximately undisturbed. To date, no drilling equipment exists that can be considered truly suitable for obtaining virtually undisturbed soil samples, not only from solid bedrock but especially from loose bedrock in the form of drill cores. No known device operates reliably over extended periods while allowing for the efficient and straightforward extraction and retrieval of drill cores, particularly from loose subsoil, enabling the recovery of numerous cores in the most intact state possible per unit of time. In this context, the present invention aims to specify a drilling system, that is, a method and device for taking nearly undisturbed soil samples, particularly from loose soil, but also from solid soil, whose drilling system is clearly superior to conventional methods in several respects. The drilling itself should proceed more quickly, and drilling interruptions should be reduced to a minimal time window. The device is intended to offer a significantly longer service life than conventional drill pipes and their components. ML / a / ZUZ l OJ 52 / 1825 / 23 components. Drilled holes must provide almost undisturbed soil samples and, depending on their nature, must be able to be secured in such a way that, in case of disintegration due to the consistency of the material, the informative value of the examination of the sample does not change or changes only imperceptibly. This task is solved with a method according to the characteristics of claim 1 of the patent and with the device for carrying it out according to the characteristics of claim 6. The following description presents this drilling system, that is, the apparatus and the method operated with it, and describes in a clear and understandable manner the individual characteristics and aspects of the method and the apparatus. The specific characteristics and operation of the apparatus and its components are explained in detail. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1: A hammer drill with drive and hammer for percussive rotation of the drilling head; Figure 2: The hammer drill in a recumbent position, viewed from below; Figure 3: The hammer drill with the head of MÁ / a / ZUZJ / UUJ l OJ 52 / 1825 / 23 drilling in vertical position; Figure 4: A drill head shown separately, with its external thread for being screwed onto a drill pipe; Figure 5: The drilling head shown in Figure 4 in longitudinal section, with a central axial hole for washing and a radial hole for ventilation; Figure 6: The assembled drilling system consisting of the drill head, drill pipe, starter pipe, and drill bit attached to it; Figure 7: The assembled drilling system of Figure 6, viewed from below at an angle; Figure 8: A drill pipe as an extension piece, viewed diagonally from below; Figure 9: The drill pipe of Figure 8 as an extension piece viewed diagonally from above; Figure 10: Enlarged view of the drill bit, viewed from below; Figure 11: Assembled and viewed from top to bottom: A pressure, flush, and recovery tube adapter (PFR adapter), followed by a PFR pressure, flush, and recovery tube, and at the bottom of the PFR pressure, flush, and recovery tube a 52 / 1825 / 23 core barrel or core collector; Figure 12: The PER adapter to be placed on top of the PFR pressure, flush and recovery tube; Figure 13: A PFR pressure, flush and recovery tube as an extension piece, viewed from below at an angle; Figure 14: A sleeve adapter for impact pressure resistant connection of the drill core sleeving or collector to the pressure, flushing and recovery tube, viewed from diagonally above to diagonally below; Figure 15: The sleeve adapter of Figure 14 for the shock pressure resistant connection of the sleeve or drill core collector to the pressure, flushing and recovery tube, viewed from diagonally below to diagonally above; Figure 16: The individual parts of the sleeve adapter from Figures 14 and 15 in a linear exploded view; Figure 17: A core barrel or core collector viewed diagonally from below; Figure 18: A core barrel or core collector viewed from above at an angle; Figure 19: An unwound spring retainer in the sleeve to retain the drill core; 52 / 1825 / 23 ML / a / ZUZ l OJ Figure 20: Above the drill head, below the pressure tube, washing and recovery with the initial tube below, into which the sleeve is inserted before removing it from the initial tube; Figure 21: The pressure, wash and recovery tube, when pulled upwards to remove the sleeve or core collector from the starter tube; Figure 22: The pressure, wash and recovery tube after the sleeve or core collector is removed from the initial tube; Figure 23: The sleeve adapter removed from the sleeve at the bottom of the pressure, wash and recovery tube; Figure 24: The lower part of the sleeve adapter is shown in an enlarged view, with a view of the inside of the fixing bolt hole, as well as the fixing bolt next to it; Figure 25: The pressure, wash and recovery tube with sleeve adapter when connected with an empty or drained sleeve; Figure 26: The pressure, wash and recovery tube with the sleeve adapter and the empty sleeve before insertion into the initial tube; Figure 27: The pressure, washing, and recovery tube 52 / 1825 / 23 with sleeve adapter and empty sleeve inserted into the initial tube, when placing a drill pipe into the initial tube; Figure 28: The downward movement of a drill pipe over the pressure pipe, washing and recovery to the initial pipe; Figure 29: Screwing a drill pipe onto the starter pipe; Figure 30: A drill pipe already screwed into the initial pipe; Figure 31: The PFR adapter on top of the pressure, wash and recovery tube when placed over the upper end of the pressure, wash and recovery tube; Figure 32: The PFR adapter of the pressure, flushing and recovery tube already in place; Figure 33: The drill head above the upper end of the pressure, wash and recovery tube and the upper drill pipe; Figure 34: The lower threaded section of the drill head and PFR adapter with the pressure, flushing and recovery tube connected at the bottom inside the drill pipe in enlarged view; Figure 35: The drive flange drill head being lowered onto the upper end ML / a / ZUZ l OJ 52 / 1825 / 23 of the pressure, wash and recovery tube to screw onto the drill pipe; Figure 36: The drill head with the drive flange being screwed onto the drill pipe. Figure 1 shows a hammer drill with a drive and hammer for percussive rotation of the drill head, as is the case with commercially available hammer drills. The drive shaft (1), which has a thread (3) and is rotated by a laterally mounted hydraulic actuator (2), protrudes from the bottom. The hammer drill houses a percussion mechanism that delivers impact blows to the drive shaft (1) from above. The drive's rotation speeds range from approximately 50 to 1000 rpm. The lower the speed, the greater the torque applied to the drive shaft (1), reaching approximately 15 kNm at 50 rpm. The impacts are generated at hydraulic pressures up to 200 bar and have impact energies up to 500 Nm, with impact rates up to 2400 min⁻¹.Figure 2 shows this hammer drill in a view from below with the drive shaft (1) protruding from below and in Figure 3 in a vertical use position, as the hammer drill is used, with the drilling head (5). MÁ / a / ZUZJ / UUJ l OJ 52 / 1825 / 23 connected to the drive shaft (1) from below, for which purpose the thread (3) of the drive shaft (1) has been screwed into the drill head. Figure 4 shows a separate, enlarged drill head with its external thread for screwing into a drill pipe, and in Figure 5 this drill head is also shown in a longitudinal section. The central axial flushing hole (6), the axial hole (37) with its inner wall visible from below, and a radial vent hole 7 can be seen. Starting with Figure 6, the drilling system according to the invention is presented and described. Here, the drilling system (4) can be seen in its entirety from the outside. In principle, it consists of only eight parts, namely, the following, visible from the outside from top to bottom: 1. Drill head (5). One or more sections of drill pipe screwed together form the drill pipe (9). 3. Initial tube (8) 4. Drill bit (10) Inside the drill pipe (9) or drill pipe sections and the starter pipe (8), and therefore not visible in Figure 6, are the following parts, from top to bottom, as shown in Figure 11: MÁ / a / ZUZJ / UUJ l OJ 52 / 1825 / 23 5. Pressure, flush and recovery tube adapter (PFR adapter) (18) 6. One or more threaded pressure, flush and recovery (PFR) tubes (19) 7. Sleeve adapter (21) 8. Sleeve (17) First, Figure 6 shows the assembled drilling system (4) with the drill head (5) for drive at the top. This screws onto an internal thread of the adjacent drill pipe (9) and can then drive and rotate it clockwise, as viewed from above. Here, the lower external thread of the drill pipe (9) screws onto a corresponding internal thread located at the top of the initial pipe (8). These threads are relatively coarse, milled into the pipe material. The threads are preferably re-greased after each threading performed with the rotating drill head 5. With one or more drill pipe sections, the drill pipe (9) can be extended to advance to a corresponding depth in the ground. The drill pipe sections are advantageously approximately 1 meter long.In this way they are practical and can be carried by one person. 52 / 1825 / 23 deposited as a stack in the drilling device for insertion. The starting tube (8) carries a drill bit (10) at its lower end. Figure 7 shows this compound drilling system viewed diagonally from below, while Figure 8 shows a single drill tube (9) viewed diagonally from below. At its lower end, it has a relatively coarse external thread (11), which can be screwed into a corresponding internal thread (12) on the next drill tube (9), as shown in Figure 9, or screwed into the lowest tube, i.e., the starting tube (8). Viewed from above, the hammer drill drive rotates clockwise when drilling, i.e., in the tightening direction of these connecting threads (11, 12).Of course, it is also possible to drill counterclockwise in the same way, but then the threads used would also have to go in the opposite direction. Finally, Figure 10 shows an enlarged view of the drill bit (10) seen diagonally from below. The offset drill segments (13) with carbide pins are welded to the bottom of the drill bits, and the outer side clearance elements (15) with sloped surfaces (14) provide upward clearance. The volume of 52 / 1825 / 23 Material located axially beneath the drill bit segments (13) of the drill bit (10), i.e., directly beneath the rotating ring formed by the drill bit (10), is partly injected into the drill core, partly into the surrounding ground, and some is carried upward as debris on the outside of the drill bit (10) and the starter tube (8) and drill pipe (9). In the lower portion of the drill bit (10), a projection (16) is formed internally, projecting radially inward, upon which rests the sleeve or drill core collector, which, however, is not shown here. This sleeve is flush with the inside of this projection.Thus, as the drill bit (10) advances in the drilling process, the plunge sleeve or core catcher slides over the exposed drill core and tightly encloses it. Other commercially available drill bits, such as diamond bits or bits with different tips, can be used. Starting from the bottom, Figure 11 shows a core barrel (17) or drill core collector. Then, at the top, you can see the ML / a / ZUZ l OJ 52 / 1825 / 23 sleeve adapter (21), then the pressure, wash, and recovery tube (19) with its upper pressure, wash, and recovery tube adapter (18), on which the hammer drill blows act. In the example shown, this pressure, wash, and recovery tube (19) rotates uniformly with the starter tube (8) and any drill pipe section inserted for the drill pipe (9) (Figure 6). A very special and highly essential element is the sleeve adapter (21) shown here between the pressure, wash, and retrieval tube (19) and the sleeve (17) or drill core collector. While the pressure, wash, and retrieval tube (19) rotates and strikes, the sinking sleeve (17) encloses the drill core that grows within it during non-rotating drilling. Only the impacts of strong, high-frequency blows from the pressure, wash, and retrieval tube (19) act upon the sleeve (17) and subject this sleeve adapter (21) to enormous force peaks. Therefore, this adapter must mediate between the rotating pressure, wash, and retrieval tube (19) and the non-rotating sleeve (17) and, at the same time, on the one hand, it must be able to permanently absorb and withstand enormous impacts at a high impact rate and, on the other hand, convert the 52 / 1825 / 23 rotation of the pressure, wash and recovery tube (19) on a non-rotating support on the sleeve (17). This is not possible without sliding friction and, therefore, it is evident that large amounts of frictional heat are also generated. This must be able to be thermally absorbed by the sleeve adapter (21) and, at the same time, the sleeve adapter (21) must be adequately cooled to cope with this continuously generated frictional heat and to dissipate it to the outside. Figure 12 shows an enlarged view of the upper pressure, wash, and recovery tube adapter (18) or the PFR adapter of the pressure, wash, and recovery tube (19). Through the axial bore with its inner wall 52, the wash water flows down the inside of the pressure, wash, and recovery tube (19) and is directed outward within the sleeve adapter (21), to the outside of the starting tube (8). A circumferential annular groove (54) can be seen on the pressure, wash, and recovery tube adapter (18), into which an O-ring is inserted to seal against the inner wall of the axial bore (37) of the drill head (5). Figure 13 shows a section of a hollow pressure, flush and recovery (PFR) tube (53) as a MÁ / a / ZUZJ / UUJ l OJ 52 / 1825 / 23 extension tube, if required, for the hollow pressure, wash and recovery tube (19), which simply screws its lower external thread into the corresponding upper internal thread of the pressure, wash and recovery tube (19) connected below. The extension tube (53) therefore essentially corresponds to the actual pressure, wash and recovery tube (19), which in the example shown has an internal thread at the top for extension. The essential and special element of this drilling system, namely the sleeve adapter (21), which ensures the connection of the PFR (19) to the sleeve (17), is presented below. Figure 14 shows this sleeve adapter (21) for the impact-resistant connection of the sleeve (17) or the drill core collector to the PFR pressure, flush, and recovery tube (19) in a diagonal top view. A threaded lug (35) protrudes from the top of the sleeve adapter (21), terminating at the bottom in a base body (22) of the sleeve adapter. This base body (22) forms a plate or protrusion (44) at the top. The pressure, flush, and recovery tube (19) is screwed onto this base body (22) via its lower internal thread, and thus rotates uniformly with the tube. 52 / 1825 / 23 drilling (9) and with the pressure, wash, and recovery tube (19) rotating. Below it is a sealing ring (36), preferably made of hard plastic rubber, which can rotate with the base body (22). Between the base body (22) and the stationary receiving ring (23), the rotation of the pressure, wash, and recovery tube (19) is thus absorbed, so that the stationary lower part (24) of the adapter (21) is connected to the sleeve (17) in such a way that the pressure is locked, but it does not rotate. Above the visible part of the lower part (24), a sliding sleeve (25) can be seen, the purpose of which will be clarified. The sleeve (17) or the core catcher is pushed onto this lower part (24) from below with a precise fit until the upper edge of the sleeve (17) abuts the sliding sleeve (25) at the bottom.At the bottom of the adapter's retaining ring (23) is also a hardened steel pressure ring (33). At the bottom of the lower part (24) of the base body (22), a rubber washer (27) can be seen protruding slightly radially from the lower part (24) to seal the sleeve adapter (21) against the inner wall of the sleeve (17). In Figure 15, the sleeve adapter (21) is shown in a diagonal view from below. Here it can be 52 / 1825 / 23 See again, from top to bottom, first the threaded heel (35) for screwing on the pressure, flushing, and recovery tube (19) from above, then the protrusion (44) of the base body (22) of the sleeve adapter (21), followed first by the hard rubber plastic sealing ring (36), which rests on the receiving ring (23). Next comes the sliding sleeve (25), and below it, the pressure ring (33) made of hardened steel can be seen. The rubber washer (27), which projects slightly radially to seal the sleeve adapter (21) against the inner wall of the sleeve (17), is secured to the bottom (24) with a steel washer (29) and four axial screws (31). You can also see the diametral hole (43) for the fixing bolt, which then extends through this diametral hole on the underside (24), as well as a hole (38) for a locking bolt, as will be seen in the following figures. The detailed construction of the sleeve adapter (21) can be seen in Figure 16, which shows this sleeve adapter (21) in an exploded view with the parts separated along its central axis. Starting from the top, the base body (22) of the adapter (21), intended for rotation, is visible first, followed by the sealing ring (36), the hard rubber or plastic ring for sealing over the initial tube. 52 / 1825 / 23 (8). This is then supported by the receiving ring (23) shown below. This receiving ring (23) is stationary in operation, i.e., it does not rotate, and is joined at the bottom to a tapered section. This tapered section has radial holes (41) around its circumference into which cylindrical pins (32), shown below in the lower section (24), fit. Their function will become immediately clear. Below the retaining ring (23), a Seeger ring (26) is shown as a retaining ring, which fits into the annular groove (45) of the base body (22) when assembled.This lower part (24) of the sleeve adapter (21), which is also stationary, is pushed over this tapered portion of the receiver ring (23) from below. Then, the cylindrical pins (32), drawn around its entire circumference, are pressed in from the outside into the radial holes (42) of the lower part (24), as well as into the radial holes (41) of the receiver ring (23) that align with them. These two parts (23, 24) are thus permanently connected by rotation. After these cylindrical pins (32) are inserted, the sliding sleeve (25) slides onto this tapered lower portion of the receiver ring (23), thereby covering and securing these cylindrical pins (32). ML / a / ZUZ l OJ 52 / 1825 / 23 The retaining ring 26 is then inserted into the annular groove (45) at the lower end of the base body (22), so that it seats against the base body (22) with the receiving ring (23) secured axially. The lower part (24) of the adapter (21) has a diametral hole (43) to receive a locking pin (not shown). At right angles to this diametral hole (43) are two radial holes (38) on a common axis, into which the locking bolts (34) are inserted to secure the inserted locking bolt. Each of these two locking bolts (34) has a pressure ball (40) at its front, which engages in a longitudinal groove of the inserted locking bolt and fits into a cavity (56), for example, halfway along the groove, thus securing it. Once inserted into the holes (38), the fixing bolts (34) are secured by a safety / Seeger ring (39).Through the axially drilled fixing bolt in the hole (43), the wash water, which flows downwards from above through the hollow pressure, wash, and recovery tube (19), flows out, as will be clarified. This wash water flows first through the sleeve adapter (21) and then radially out of its lower part (24), i.e., on both sides through the fixing bolt in its 52 / 1825 / 23 MÁ / a / ZUZJ / UUJ l OJ axial hole in its faces at the ends and therefore to the outside. The pressure ring (33) absorbs the axial forces acting on the sliding sleeve (25) and distributes them evenly to the receiving ring (23), which is made of a bronze and aluminum alloy. The rubber washer (27) and the somewhat smaller steel washer (29) are held in place by four washers (28) and by the four screws (31) shown and their corresponding spring washers (30) to fix them to the lower part (24). Figure 17 shows the core catcher (17) viewed diagonally from below. At its lower edge, the core catcher (17) is fitted internally with a series of spring steel elements (20) distributed around its circumference, which project upwards in an arc towards the central axis of the core catcher (17). When the core catcher (17), which is subjected to impacts from above in the same way as the drill pipe (8) and drill bit (10), is inverted from above onto an exposed drill core by the advancing drill bit (10) and drill pipe (8), these spring steel elements (20) are pressed against the inner wall of the core catcher (17) by the drill core, and the core catcher (17) is then repositioned. 52 / 1825 / 23 on the stationary drill core without rotation, with a purely axial movement, with the spring steel elements (20) thus applied to its inner side. However, when the sleeve (17) is pulled with the pressure, wash, and retrieval tube (19), these spring steel elements (20) act as prongs. If the drill core does not develop sufficient adhesion force when the sleeve (17) is pulled upward, these spring steel elements (20) radially engage the drill core at the slightest slippage of the sleeve (17) on the drill core, bend toward the central axis of the sleeve (17), and form a retaining basket for the drill core, so that it is held securely in the sleeve (17) and is prevented from slipping downward, i.e., the loss of the core in the loose rock is safely avoided.In the area of ​​the upper edge of the sleeve (17) a radial hole (46) can be seen for the washing water coming out of the sleeve adapter (21). Figure 18 shows the sleeve (17) or core catcher viewed diagonally from above, and here you can see that there are two diametrically aligned holes (46) made in the area of ​​the upper edge of the sleeve (17). When the sleeve (17) slides onto the lower piece (24) of the sleeve adapter (21), these 52 / 1825 / 23 Two holes (46) are located above the radial holes (43) of the lower part (24), so that the wash water, which exits through the end faces of the fixing pin inserted there, finally penetrates from the inside of the adapter (21) to the outside, and through these aligned holes (46) in the upper part of the sleeve (17) to the outside as well. This wash water serves several functions. First, it cools the sleeve adapter (21), which heats up due to the sliding friction between the rotating base body 22, the hard rubber plastic sliding ring (36) and the stationary receiving ring (23) and the lower part (24), and also due to impacts from shocks.Furthermore, it lubricates between the outside of the non-rotating sleeve (17) and the inside of the starter tube (8) that rotates around the sleeve, and finally, it carries the debris from the bottom of the drill bit (10) outwards radially and then upwards on the outside of the starter tube (8). In this way, the borehole is continuously washed, and the outside of the starter tube (8) is also lubricated and cooled. However, depending on the conditions, dry drilling is also possible. Figure 19 shows an unwound insert in a relaxed state with spring steel elements (20), 52 / 1825 / 23 ML / a / ZUZ l OJ which here form a comb, so to speak. This comb is wound longitudinally and then inserted into the lower part of the sleeve (17), where it rests on an internal projection 58, as can be seen in figure 17. In this way, the individual parts of the drilling system are shown and described. So, how does drilling and retrieving a core sample from loose soil work with this drilling system? The entire procedure is explained using a sequence of figures, for example, as shown in Figures 20 to 36. Figure 20 shows the exposed starter tube (8) with the sleeve (17) inside and the hollow pressure, flushing, and recovery tube (19) screwed onto it by means of the sleeve adapter (21). Above is the drill head (5), which is rotated by the hydraulic drive of the hammer drill (2) via a flange (47). Between this drill head (5) and the lower section, the starter tube (8), drill pipe sections can be inserted as required, such as extension tubes for the drill pipe (9), depending on the desired drilling depth. The drill head (5) is screwed directly onto the starter tube (8) initially. Drilling then proceeds until the starter tube (8) has 52 / 1825 / 23 The drill bit (5) is then unscrewed from the starter tube (8) by turning it in the opposite direction. If the starter tube (8), when in the ground, is exposed as shown here, i.e., with the drill bit (5) with the drive flange (47) removed, the pressure, wash, and recovery tube (19) with the sleeve (17) hanging from it at the bottom can be pulled axially upwards out of the starter tube (8), as shown in Figure 21, where the sleeve adapter (21) is barely visible. In Figure 22, the adapter (21) has been completely removed from the starter tube (8) by the pressure, wash, and recovery tube (19) together with the sleeve (17) or core catcher hanging from it. Here you can see one side of the fixing bolt (48), which securely fastens the sleeve (17) to the sleeve adapter (21).In this state, the sleeve (17) is extracted from the initial tube (8) with the help of the pressure, washing and recovery tube (19), until it finally reaches the surface. Once on the surface, the locking bolt (48) is removed by tapping, pulling, or pushing it out of the hole (43) in the lower part (24) of the sleeve adapter (21), as shown in Figure 23, as has already been done in the view shown. Only the 52 / 1825 / 23 empty diametral hole (43) in the lower part (24) of the sleeve adapter (21). Locking pins (34) are inserted into two holes (38) made at right angles to the hole (43), which have a ball (40) at the front that is pressed in by a compression spring, as can be seen in figure 16. The fixing bolt (48) comes out of the diametral hole (43) against the resistance of these pressure-loaded balls (40) at the front of the fixing bolt (34), as can be clearly seen in figure 24. Figure 24 shows the lower part (24) of the sleeve adapter (21) enlarged with a view of the diametral hole (43) for the locking pin (48), which is shown separately next to it. However, in order to be inserted into the lower part (24) of the sleeve adapter (21), the adapter must first be rotated 45° around its longitudinal axis, as indicated by an arrow. From this locking pin (48), on two opposite sides, are recessed longitudinal grooves (50) in the form of a channel, the bottom of which has a curved cavity (56) midway along the locking pin (48). The spring-loaded balls (40) (Figure 16) of the retaining pins (34) fit into these cavities (56), and only when the locking pin (48) receives a sufficiently strong impact in the longitudinal direction is it able to overcome its locking mechanism. 52 / 1825 / 23 pushing back the spring-loaded balls (40) and can then be pushed in or out of the hole (43) while its longitudinal grooves (50) slide outwards past the balls (40). As can be seen, a central transverse hole (49) is formed in the fixing bolt (48), which communicates with an axial hole (55). These holes (49, 55) serve to guide the washing water, which passes in the sleeve adapter (21) from above through the axial hole (51) through the transverse hole (49) into the fixing bolt (48) and is then guided in the latter along the axial hole (55) to the outside of its end faces. In the sleeve (17) of figure 25, one of the holes (46) where the fixing bolt (48) was previously hooked and held can still be seen, through which the washing water comes out. Once the sleeve (17) or core collector has been placed horizontally on the surface and the core inside has been carefully pushed out of the sleeve (17) by a mechanical or hydraulic piston into a jug-shaped core carrier, the core is virtually undisturbed. The empty sleeve (17) can then be immediately reinserted for the extraction of the next core. MÁ / a / ZUZJ / UUJ l OJ 52 / 1825 / 23 drilling, or an empty sleeve (17) that is ready can be reinserted immediately. In one variant, a liner can be inserted into the sleeve (17), which then lines the inside of the sleeve (17) and in which a drill core grows. In this case, the recovered drill core is pushed out of the sleeve (17) along with the liner and then remains completely intact like a sausage. Individual slices can be cut into sections to study the structure of the drill core and how it changes along its entire length.If in the process a sleeve (17) is brought to the surface together with the drill core, then after the sleeve (17) has been separated from the sleeve adapter (21), an empty sleeve (17) can be immediately and without any delay connected to the sleeve adapter (21) and this can be lowered immediately back into the starter pipe (8) in the drill hole and, therefore, drilling can continue without requiring an interruption of the drilling work as a result of the removal of the drill core from the retrieved sleeve (17). Figure 25 shows how the sleeve adapter (21) connects to an empty sleeve (17) that is lowered into it, and when the hole (43) of the sleeve adapter (21) aligns with the hole (46) of the sleeve 52 / 1825 / 23 (17), the fixing bolt (48) can be inserted and the sleeve (17) is ready to be lowered into the starter tube (8) with the pressure, wash, and recovery tube (19). This lowering is shown in Figure 26. As soon as the sleeve (17) is fully inserted into the starter tube (8), i.e., is in contact with the bottom of the drill bit (10), the next step is carried out, as shown in Figure 27. A drill pipe (9) is slid over the pressure, wash, and recovery tube (19) as an extension pipe and lowered into the starter tube (8), as shown in Figure 28, and then screwed onto the starter tube (8), as shown in Figure 29. After screwing, the situation is as shown in Figure 30.Finally, as shown in Figure 31, the pressure, wash and recovery tube adapter (18) is first placed or screwed onto the pressure, wash and recovery tube (19), and then, starting from the position shown in Figure 32, the drill head (5) is screwed onto the drive flange (47), as shown in Figure 33. Details of this are shown in Figures 34 to 36. As this description and the figures show, the pressure, flushing, and recovery tube (19) is correctly named. First, it rotates evenly with the drill pipe (9) or the tube MÁ / a / ZUZJ / UUJ l OJ 52 / 1825 / 23 initial (8) during drilling, and the sleeve adapter (21) at its lower end provides transmission to the stationary sleeve (17) or drill core collector. The strong impacts of the blows on the pressure, wash, and recovery tube (19) are reliably and directly transmitted to the sleeve (17) or drill core collector by the sleeve adapter (21). Therefore, the latter is pressed down with the same pressure as the drill bit (10), ensuring the continuous sinking of the sleeve (17) onto the exposed drill core. Thus, the pressure, wash, and recovery tube (19) primarily serves a pressing function.During drilling, wash water can be pumped downwards through the pressure, wash, and recovery tube (19) and directed outwards through the sleeve adapter (21), i.e., first axially through the pressure, wash, and recovery tube (19), then axially through the sleeve adapter (21), and finally radially, i.e., axially through the fixing bolt (48) inserted diametrically into its two end faces and then outwards through the hole (46) in the sleeve (17). Therefore, the pressure, wash, and recovery tube (19) also serves a secondary function. ML / a / ZUZ l OJ 52 / 1825 / 23 Washing. When it is necessary to retrieve the sleeve (17), filled with the drill core trapped inside, the sleeve (17) with the drill core inside is retrieved with the help of the pressure, wash, and retrieval tube (19) after loosening the drill head (5). Therefore, thirdly, the pressure, wash, and retrieval tube (19) also has a retrieval function. It integrally combines these three important functions. In the embodiment described so far, the pressure, flushing, and recovery tube (19) rotates with the drill head (5) and the drill pipe (9), and the sleeve adapter (21) connects to the non-rotating or rotating sleeve (17) by having two consecutive axially rotating parts. A hard rubber sealing ring (36) is preferably arranged between these consecutive axial parts. In an alternative embodiment, a rotating disc body constructed similarly to this sleeve adapter—hereafter referred to as the drill head adapter—is screwed at the top with its threaded heel into the hole of the drill head (5), which has an internal thread for this purpose. The upper part of this rotating disc body or drill head adapter then rotates with the drill head. 52 / 1825 / 23 perforation (5), while the lower part, which can rotate relative to the upper part, remains stationary. It is connected to the now upper end of the swivel, wash, and recovery tube (19) in the same way as the already presented lower part of the sleeve adapter (21), with a fixing bolt, which then, however, does not require an axial hole, but only a transverse hole to allow the wash water to descend. At the bottom, the pressure, wash, and recovery tube (19) is screwed onto only a lower part of a sleeve adapter (21), for which this lower part forms a threaded lug at the top and the swivel wash and recovery tube (19) has a corresponding internal thread at the bottom. The lower part of the sleeve adapter (21) is connected to the sleeve (17) via the fixing bolt (48) with its axial hole 55, as already presented.The washing, as already mentioned, takes place from the drill head (5) through the pressure, washing, and recovery tube (19) and the lower part of the sleeve adapter (21) and then through the fixing bolt (48) to the outside. In this alternative mode as well, the pressure, washing, and recovery tube (19) performs the three functions mentioned above, namely, firstly, to exert pressure on the sleeve (17), secondly, MÁ / a / ZUZJ / UUJ l OJ 52 / 1825 / 23 washing and therefore cooling, and, thirdly, recovering the sleeve (17) when it is full, i.e., bringing it out. And despite the fact that the pressure, washing and recovery tube (19) in this mode remains non-rotating, if the sleeve (17) rotates a few angular degrees in the course of sinking onto a drill core, it can rotate with it and the drill head adapter as a rotating disc body at the top with its two parts axially consecutive and rotatably relative to each other, leading in this case to the rotating drill head (5). With the method according to the invention for drilling cores in loose to solid soils and for taking core or soil samples therefrom, as well as the device according to the invention for carrying out this method, almost undisturbed core or soil samples can be taken, allowing for optimal evaluation and analysis of their content. List of numbers Hammer drill drive shaft. Hydraulic drilling drive of the hammer drill. Thread on the drive shaft (1). Drilling system. 52 / 1825 / 23 Drilling head. Axial hole in the drill head. Radial hole in the drill head (ventilation). Starter tube. Drill pipe, drill pipe extension. Drill bit. External thread on the bottom of the drill / extension tube (9). Internal thread on the top of the drill / extension tube (9). Drill bit segments with tungsten carbide tips. Beveled surface on the debris removal elements (15). Clearance elements. Radial projection, protrusion. Sleeve, core collector. Pressure, wash and recovery tube adapter. Pressure, washing and recovery tube. Steel spring elements on the lower inner edge of the drill core collector (17). 52 / 1825 / 23 ML / a / ZUZ l OJ Sleeve adapter between the pressure, wash and recovery tube and the drill core sleeve / collector (17). Base body at the top for the sleeve adapter (21). Retaining ring for sleeve adapter (21). Bottom part for sleeve adapter (21). Slip sleeve for sleeve adapter (21). Safety ring, preferably DIN 47165 x 2.5. Lower rubber washer for sleeve adapter (21). Washer for sleeve adapter (21). Steel washer at the bottom of the sleeve adapter (21). Spring washers, preferably DIN 128-A8. Screw, preferably hexagonal with thread to the head ISO 4017 - M8 x 20. Parallel pin, preferably NW 8 x 25 mm with M5 internal thread. Pressure ring for sleeve adapter (21). Safety bolt with pressure ball (40). 52 / 1825 / 23 Threaded heel on top of sleeve adapter (21). Upper sealing ring, preferably made of hard rubber or plastic. Axial hole in the drill head (5). Safety bolt hole (34). Safety ring / Seeger for safety bolt (34). Pressure-loaded ball in front of the safety pin (34). Radial holes around the stationary receiving ring (23) of the sleeve adapter (21). Radial holes around the stationary lower body 24 of the sleeve adapter (21). Hole in the stationary lower part for the fixing bolt (48). Highlight on the top of the base body (22) of the sleeve adapter (21). Annular groove on the lower part of the base body (22). Diametral hole in the lower part of the sleeve (17). Drive flange on the drill head (5). Fixing bolt on the lower part (24) of the 52 / 1825 / 23 sleeve adapter (21). Transverse hole in the fixing bolt (48). Longitudinal groove in the fixing bolt (48). 51 Axial hole in the lower part (24) of the sleeve adapter (21) for wash water. Inner wall of the axial hole in the pressure, wash and recovery adapter (18). Pressure, wash and recovery tube section 10 as an extension tube. O-ring groove on pressure, flush and recovery tube adapter (18). Axial hole in the fixing bolt (48). Cavity in the middle of the longitudinal groove 50. 15

Claims

1. A method for drilling cores in loose to firm soils and for taking samples thereof, wherein the initial tube (8) drills into the soil by means of a drilling system (4) with an initial tube (8) and a drill bit (10) fixed thereto at the bottom, and with a possible attachable drill tube (9) consisting of one or more sections of drill tube, by rotation and overlapping blows, wherein a sleeve (17) or a core collector is axially displaced with the initial tube (8) within the initial tube (8), characterized in that: a) the initial tube (8) with its drill bit (10) disposed at the end, as well as the possible drill tube (9), drills into the soil in a rotary and percussive manner by means of an actuatable drill head (5) that can be subjected to percussive impacts,Whereas the sleeve (17) in the starter tube (8) is held by the latter without rotation as a result of the relative growth of the drill core within the sleeve (17) and is pressed from top to bottom by a pressure, wash and retrieval tube (19), such that the sleeve (17) moves downwards in the axial direction 52 / 1825 / 23 with the starter tube (8) and thus a drill core grows inside the sleeve (17), wherein the pressure, wash and retrieval tube (19) rotates with the starter tube (8) and the possible drill tube (9) and presses the sleeve (17) without rotation through a sleeve adapter (21) with parts that can rotate relative to each other, or a rotating disc body, while the drill head adapter rotates at the top and is connected to the rotating drill head (5) and the pressure, wash and retrieval tube (19) presses the sleeve (17) without rotation,b) After the sleeve (17) has been filled, the drill head (5) is pulled upwards from the starter tube (8) or any drill pipe (9) and, by unscrewing any drill pipe (9) that is still above the bottom on the starter tube (8), the pressure, wash and recovery tube (19) is exposed and is pulled out of the starter tube (8) together with the sleeve (17) and the sleeve (17) is separated from the pressure, wash and recovery tube (19).

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that after step b): c) an empty sleeve (17) is connected at the bottom to the pressure, wash, and recovery tube (19) and, suspended from the pressure, wash, and recovery tube (19), is lowered into the initial tube (8) and, depending on the drilling depth, one or more sections of the pressure, wash, and recovery tube (19) are inserted as extension tubes ((53)) and, correspondingly, one or more sections of drill pipe for the drill pipe (9) are inserted and coupled to the drill head (5), d) drilling continues until the sleeve (17) is filled, after which step b) is repeated, and wherein, in parallel or with a time delay to these processes, the drill cores are ejected from the recovered sleeves (17) in the horizontal position of the mechanically shaped sleeves (17),hydraulic or pneumatic in suitable horizontal tubular sections.

3. The method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at the lower end of the sleeve (17), the spring steel elements (20), initially directed inward from its lower mouth area toward the center, are rotated upward by the rotation of the drill core and grow within the sleeve (17) as the sleeve (17) descends, and the spring steel elements (20) retain the drill core in the sleeve (17) when the sleeve (17) is withdrawn. ML / a / ZUZ l OJ 52 / 1825 / 23 4. The method in accordance with any of the preceding claims, characterized in that no fixing rod is installed to retain the sleeve (17).

5. The method in accordance with any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the initial tube (8) and any drilling tube (9) and the pressure, washing, and recovery tube (19) are connected and disconnected by screwing and unscrewing the drilling head (5) mechanically driven by a rotary actuator.

6. A device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, having a rotary actuator with a rotating drill head (5) that can be impacted from above by means of a hammer, the torque of which can be transmitted to a starter tube (8) with a drill bit (10) disposed at the end and to a possible drill tube (9) formed by one or more sections of drill pipe connected to the top of the starter tube (8), characterized in that within the starter tube (8) a sleeve (17) or core catcher is respectively free from rotation, whereby the sleeve (17) by means of a sleeve adapter (21) with parts that can rotate relative to each other, and a pressure, flushing and recovery tube (19) connected thereto, is connected by a snap-lock and a pull-lock to the rotating drill head (5), whereby the pressure tube,The washing and recovery unit (19) is rotatably connected to the drill head (5) and the sleeve (17) can be impacted by the pressure, washing and recovery tube (19) through the sleeve adapter (21) which is separable from the sleeve (17), or the pressure, washing and recovery tube (19) is non-rotatingly connected to the drill head (5) and the sleeve (17) can be pressure-impacted by the pressure, washing and recovery tube (19), while a rotating disc body is positioned as a drill head adapter with mutually rotating parts on top of the pressure, washing and recovery tube (19) and connects to the rotating drill head (5).

7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the sleeve (17) is placed with its lower end in contact without rotation with a projection (16) that projects radially inwards at the upper end of the drill bit (10) that rotates at the bottom of the initial tube (8).

8. The device according to any one of claims 6 to 7, characterized in that no fixing rod is installed to secure the sleeve (17). 52 / 1825 / 23 9. The device according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the sleeve (17) has, in its lower mouth region, spring steel elements (20) that project inwards to secure the received drill core.

10. The device according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the sleeve adapter parts (21) or the rotating disc body that can rotate relative to each other are axially consecutive as a drill head adapter, with an interposed sealing ring (36) of hard rubber or plastic.

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