An air-type photovoltaic thermal wall structure and its usage method

Abstract

The invention discloses an air—type photovoltaic thermal wall structure and its method of use, including a window partition assembly and a window photovoltaic thermal cover assembly. The window photovoltaic thermal cover assemblies are spaced on the outer side of the building wall, and the window partition assemblies are arranged around the window photovoltaic thermal cover assemblies, connecting them to the building wall. The window photovoltaic thermal cover assembly includes a first photovoltaic panel, a window body, a first exhaust grille, a first intake grille, and a heat dissipation grille. The window body is positioned directly in front of the window on the building wall. The first photovoltaic panel is arranged below the window body. The first exhaust grille is vertically arranged between the first photovoltaic panel and the window body. The first intake grille is set at the lower end of the first photovoltaic panel. The heat dissipation grille is horizontally arranged between the first photovoltaic panel and the window body and is located above the first exhaust grille. This invention achieves rapid heat discharge and storage from the photovoltaic panels, enabling control of the thermal environment of the building’s wall facade. It ensures an effective integration of the photovoltaic modules with the building wall at the window location.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD This invention belongs to the eld of building engineering technology and particularly relates to . BACKGROUND With the sustained high-speed development of the economy, in order to address the population surge caused by urbanization, residential buildings have provided the foundational guarantee for cities to accommodate more residents. However, the thermal performance of the facades of existing residential buildings is relatively weak and can no longer meet the thermal comfort needs of urban residents. To maintain a relatively comfortable indoor thermal environment, a large amount of energy is required for cooling or heating. Traditional solutions to building thermal comfort primarily include: installing insulation boards, changing the reectivity of surface coatings, modifying shading, and implementing three-dimensional greening. However, these solutions often have the following issues: they can only delay the convergence of indoor and outdoor temperatures, they only address single-season issues such as summer heat or winter cold, and they encounter problems like leaf drop in winter and difculties in daily maintenance. Considering that the renovation of existing buildings requires not only suitable thermal environments for different seasons but also practical solutions for ease of construction and maintenance, the airtype photovoltaic thermal wall proposed in this invention, which can comprehensively reduce building cooling and heating loads while providing clean energy, has gradually become an important solution for improving building thermal comfort. Currently, the existing airtype photovoltaic thermal wall structures mainly include: (1) setting up a vertically penetrating air layer between the photovoltaic panels and the building wall, such as in the Chinese patent application Lightweight Shell-type External Insulation Photovoltaic Thermal Integrated Wall Structure (application number: CN202111246811.6); (2) setting a certain distance between photovoltaic panels and establishing a vertically penetrating air layer between the panels and the wall; (3) dividing the photovoltaic modules into independent units of a certain size, setting a vertically penetrating air layer between the photovoltaic panels and the building wall, and adjusting the direction of the vent openings to be perpendicular to the wall through partitions. In methods (1) and (2), the chimney effect of the air layer can expel the waste heat generated by the photovoltaic panels during power generation, while also reducing the solar radiation received by the building facade, thereby lowering the summer cooling load and providing clean electricity. However, these two methods fail to effectively utilize the heat generated by the photovoltaic panels to warm the buildings enclosure in winter. Additionally, the construction method in (2) may damage the integrity of the building facade. Method (3) can meet the requirements for a through-wall structure but does not address the integration of the photovoltaic modules with windows, which are typically exposed outside the photovoltaic thermal wall system. As windows are a weak link in the buildings thermal performance, the design of the photovoltaic thermal wall system must consider how to integrate it with windows. Moreover, the lack of construction methods for photovoltaic modules at the window and window sill locations also hinders the maintenance of the unity and integrity of the building facade, causing unnecessary difficulties in later maintenance. SUMMARY To address the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an airtype photovoltaic thermal wall structure and its usage method, aimed at solving the issue where existing photovoltaic thermal wall systems cannot effectively integrate photovoltaic modules with building wall windows. To achieve the above objective, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The present invention provides an airtype photovoltaic thermal wall structure, which includes a photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the window location. The photovoltaic thermal cover unit is installed at the window position of the building wall. The photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the window includes a window partition component and a window photovoltaic thermal cover component. The window photovoltaic thermal cover component is spaced on the exterior side of the building wall. The window partition component is arranged around the window photovoltaic thermal cover component and connected to the building wall. The window photovoltaic thermal cover component includes a rst photovoltaic panel, a window body, a rst exhaust grille, a rst intake grille, and a heat dissipation grille. The window body is positioned in front of the building walls window. The rst photovoltaic panel is positioned below the window body. The rst exhaust grille is vertically arranged between the rst photovoltaic panel and the window body. The rst intake grille is positioned at the lower end of the rst photovoltaic panel. The heat dissipation grille is horizontally arranged between the rst photovoltaic panel and the window body and is located above the rst exhaust grille. The rst photovoltaic panel includes a base layer, a conductive layer photovoltaic active layer, an electron transport layer, a packaging layer, and an outer layer, which are arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The base layer uses a glass substrate, the conductive layer uses transparent conductive oxide, the photovoltaic active layer uses perovskite materials, the electron transport layer uses titanium dioxide, the packaging layer uses ethyleneVinyl alcohol copolymer, and the outer layer uses a glass layer. Further, the window partition component includes a rst horizontal partition, a second horizontal partition, a third horizontal partition, and two rst vertical partitions. The rst horizontal partition is horizontally arranged at the upper side of the window on the exterior side of the building wall, the second horizontal partition is horizontally arranged at the lower side of the window on the exterior side of the building wall, and the third horizontal partition is horizontally arranged at the upper side of the next level window on the exterior side of the building wall or at the bottom side of the building wall. The two rst vertical partitions are arranged vertically in parallel. One rst vertical partition has its upper end connected to one end of the rst horizontal partition, and its lower end connected to one end of the third horizontal partition. The other rst vertical partition has its upper end connected to the other end of the rst horizontal partition, and its lower end connected to the other end of the third horizontal partition. One end of the second horizontal partition is connected to the middle of one rst vertical partition, and the other end is connected to the middle of the other rst vertical partition. The second horizontal partition is provided with a grille installation opening, and the heat dissipation grille is horizontally installed in the grille installation opening. The rst exhaust grille is arranged below the second horizontal partition. Further, the rst intake grille is positioned at the upper side of the window on the next level or near the bottom of the building wall at a position close to the ground. Further, the air-type photovoltaic thermal wall structure also includes a through-wall photovoltaic thermal cover unit. The through-wall photovoltaic thermal cover unit is installed at the through-wall location of the building wall. The through-wall photovoltaic thermal cover unit includes a through-wall partition component and a through-wall photovoltaic thermal cover component. The through-wall photovoltaic thermal cover component is spaced on the exterior side of the building wall. The through-wall partition component is arranged around the through-wall photovoltaic thermal cover component and connected to the building wall. The throughwall photovoltaic thermal cover component includes a second photovoltaic panel, a second intake grille, and a second exhaust grille. The second photovoltaic panel is vertically spaced on the exterior side of the throughwall building wall. The second photovoltaic panel is connected to the throughwall partition component on all sides. The second intake grille is vertically arranged at the lower end of the second photovoltaic panel, and the second exhaust grille is vertically arranged at the upper end of the second photovoltaic panel. The invention provides an airtype photovoltaic thermal wall structure and its usage method, which includes the following steps: The through-wall partition assembly includes a fourth horizontal partition, a fth horizontal partition, and two second vertical partitions; The fourth horizontal partition is horizontally set at the upper end of the second exhaust grille, one side of the fourth horizontal partition is xedly connected to the outer side of the through-wall surface of the building wall, and the other side is xedly connected to the upper end of the second exhaust grille; The fth horizontal partition is horizontally set at the lower end of the second intake grille, one side of the fth horizontal partition is xedly connected to the outer side of the through-wall surface of the building wall, and the other side is xedly connected to the lower end of the second intake grille; The two second vertical partitions are vertically parallel, one of the second vertical partitions has its upper end connected to one end of the fourth horizontal partition, and its lower end connected to one end of the fth horizontal partition; The upper end of the other second vertical partition is connected to the other end of the fourth horizontal partition, and its lower end is connected to the other end of the fth horizontal partition. Further, in the photovoltaic thermal cover units at the window and through-wall surface of the same oor, the rst intake grille and the second intake grille are positioned on the same horizontal line. Further, the window body adopts a sliding window; the sliding window includes a window frame and a glass body, and the window frame is made of broken bridge aluminum or plastic steel materials; the glass body is made of hollow glass. Further, the rst exhaust grille, the rst intake grille, the heat dissipation grille, the second intake grille, and the second exhaust grille all adopt openable ventilation grilles; The openable ventilation grille includes a grille frame and a louver blade installed within the grille frame; In the rst intake grille and the second intake grille, the maximum opening angle of the louver blades is 45°, the opening direction of the louver blades is tilted downward, and the upper end of the louver blades is positioned near the building wall side; In the rst exhaust grille and the second exhaust grille, the maximum opening angle of the louver blades is 45°, the opening direction of the louver blades is tilted downward, and the upper end of the louver blades is positioned away from the building wall side; In the heat dissipation grille, the maximum opening angle of the louver blades is set to be parallel to the outer side of the building wall. The invention also provides a usage method for the air-type photovoltaic thermal wall structure, including the following steps: When the building has a cooling load or when the indoor temperature of the building is higher than the rst preset temperature in the summer, close the heat dissipation grille, open the rst exhaust grille and the rst intake grille, and keep the window open; When the building has a cooling load or when the indoor temperature of the building is lower than the second preset temperature in the winter, open the heat dissipation grille, close the rst exhaust grille and the rst intake grille, and keep the window closed. Further, it also includes: When the building has a cooling load or when the indoor temperature of the building is higher than the rst preset temperature in the summer, open the second intake grille and the second exhaust grille; When the building has a cooling load or when the indoor temperature of the building is lower than the second preset temperature in the winter, close the second intake grille and the second exhaust grille. Compared with the prior art, the benecial effects of the invention are: The invention provides an airtype photovoltaic thermal wall structure and its usage method, by setting the photovoltaic thermal cover units at the window, adjusting the opening and closing state of the rst exhaust grille, the rst intake grille, and the heat dissipation grille according to the buildings cooling and heating loads, achieving rapid discharge and storage of the heat generated by the photovoltaic panels, making it convenient to adjust and control according to the outdoor thermal environment and indoor heating or cooling needs, effectively reducing building heating or cooling energy consumption; at the same time, satisfying the effective integration of the photovoltaic module with the window area of the building wall. Further, setting the rst intake grille at the upper edge of the window on the next oor or near the bottom of the building wall near the ground ensures that the intake grille temperature of the photovoltaic module on the same level is basically uniform, reducing the cross-thermal effect of the intake and exhaust grilles; at the same time, it can ensure the integrity of the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the window area of the building, avoiding a messy facade due to the setting of the intake grille. Further, by setting the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the through-wall surface, adjusting the opening and closing state of the second intake grille and the second exhaust grille, and coordinating with the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the window, achieving rapid heat discharge and storage of the photovoltaic panels, effectively reducing building heating or cooling energy consumption; at the same time, ensuring the unity of the building facade design. Further, setting the rst intake grille and the second intake grille on the same horizontal line in the same oor ensures that the intake grille temperatures of the photovoltaic modules on the same horizontal layer and different facades are basically uniform, reducing the cross-thermal effect of the intake and exhaust grilles. Further, the upper end of the louver blades in the intake grilles is set near the building wall side, the upper end of the louver blades in the exhaust grilles is set away from the building wall side, and the maximum opening angle of the louver blades in the heat dissipation grille is set to be parallel to the outer side of the building wall, ensuring that when the intake grille, exhaust grille, and heat dissipation grille are open, there is a sufciently large ventilation ow path. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Figure l is a longitudinal section of the photovoltaic heat shield unit at the window in the embodiment; Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of the photovoltaic heat shield unit at the through-type wall in the embodiment; Figure 3 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the photovoltaic heat shield unit at the window in the embodiment; Figure 4 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the photovoltaic heat shield unit at the through-type wall in the embodiment; Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the rst photovoltaic panel in the embodiment. Among them, 101. rst horizontal partition, 102. second horizontal partition, 103. third horizontal partition, 104. rst photovoltaic panel, 1041. base layer, 1042. conductive layer, 1043. photovoltaic active layer, 1044. electron transport layer, 1045. encapsulation layer, 1046. outer layer, 105. window, 106. rst air intake grille, 107. rst exhaust grille, 108. heat dissipation grille, 109. rst vertical partition, 110. rst xed keel; 201. fourth horizontal partition, 20. fth horizontal partition, 203. second vertical partition, 204. second photovoltaic panel, 205. second air intake grille, 206. second exhaust grille, 207. second xed keel, 20. reinforcement keel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and benecial effects solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail in the following specic embodiments. It should be understood that the specic embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Embodiment As shown in Figures 15, the present embodiment provides an airtype photovoltaic thermal wall structure, including photovoltaic thermal cover units at the window and throughwall surface locations; wherein the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the Window is installed at the window position of the building wall; the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the throughwall surface is installed at the through-wall surface position of the building wall; by uniformly designing the photovoltaic thermal cover units at the window and through-wall surface, the unity of the buildings facade design is ensured, meeting the requirements for renovation of all building facades to comply with photovoltaic power generations sunlight conditions. In this embodiment, the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the window includes a window partition assembly and a window photovoltaic thermal cover assembly; the window photovoltaic thermal cover assembly is spaced on the outer side of the building wall, and the window partition assembly is arranged around the window photovoltaic thermal cover assembly and connected to the building wall; the window partition assembly includes a rst horizontal partition 101, a second horizontal partition 102, a third horizontal partition 103, and two rst vertical partitions 109; the window photovoltaic thermal cover assembly includes a rst photovoltaic panel 104, a window body 105, a rst exhaust grille 106, a rst intake grille 107, and a heat dissipation grille 108. The rst photovoltaic panel 104 includes a base layer 1041, a conductive layer 1042, a photovoltaic active layer 1043, an electron transport layer 1044, a packaging layer 1045, and an outer layer 1046, arranged from bottom to top; the base layer 1041 uses a glass substrate, the conductive layer 1042 uses transparent conductive oxide, the photovoltaic active layer 1043 uses perovskite material, the electron transport layer 1044 uses titanium dioxide, the packaging layer 1045 uses ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, and the outer layer 1046 uses a glass layer. The conductive layer 1042 uses transparent conductive oxide to collect and transmit the current generated by the photovoltaic active layer; the photovoltaic active layer 1043 uses perovskite material to achieve photoelectric conversion; the electron transport layer 1044 uses titanium dioxide to mainly transport electrons and suppress electron backow; the packaging layer 1045 uses ethylenevinyl alcohol copolymer to protect the internal electronic components of the photovoltaic panel from external environmental corrosion. The rst photovoltaic panel 104 realizes the photoelectric conversion process through its unique multilayer structure. When sunlight irradiates the surface of the photovoltaic panel, photons penetrate the outer layer 1046 and the packaging layer 1045, entering the photovoltaic active layer 1043. The photons are absorbed by the perovskite material in the photovoltaic active layer 1043, exciting electron-hole pairs. Under the action of the electric eld, electrons are transferred to the conductive layer 1042 through the electron transport layer 1044 and eventually collected and utilized by the external circuit. The packaging layer 1045 and outer layer 1046 jointly protect the internal electronic components of the photovoltaic panel from environmental erosion. The multi-layer structure makes the rst photovoltaic panel 104 have high photoelectric conversion efciency and good durability. The rst horizontal partition 101 is horizontally arranged on the outer side of the upper edge of the building walls window, the second horizontal partition 102 is horizontally arranged on the outer side of the lower edge of the building walls window, and the third horizontal partition 103 is horizontally arranged on the outer side of the upper edge of the window of the next oor or on the outer side of the building walls bottom; the two rst vertical partitions 109 are vertically arranged in parallel, with one rst vertical partition 109 having its upper end connected to one end of the rst horizontal partition 101, and its lower end connected to one end of the third horizontal partition 103; the other rst vertical partition 109 has its upper end connected to the other end of the rst horizontal partition 101, and its lower end connected to the other end of the third horizontal partition 103; one end of the second horizontal partition 102 is connected to the middle of one of the rst vertical partitions 109, and the other end is connected to the middle of the other rst vertical partition 109. The window body 105 is arranged facing the building walls window; one end of the rst horizontal partition 101 is xedly connected to the upper outer side of the building walls window, and the other end of the rst horizontal partition 101 is xedly connected to the upper end of the window body 105; one end of the second horizontal partition 102 is xedly connected to the lower outer side of the building walls window, and the other end of the second horizontal partition 102 is xedly connected to the lower end of the window body 105; preferably, the window body 105 adopts a sliding window; the sliding window includes a window frame and a glass body mounted in the window frame; the window frame is made of brokenbridge aluminum or plastic steel materials; the glass body is made of hollow glass. As shown in Figures 1-5, this embodiment provides an air-type photovoltaic thermal wall structure, including photovoltaic thermal cover units at window areas and through- wall areas. The photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the window area is installed at the window position of the building wall. The photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the through-wall area is installed at the through-wall position of the building wall. By uniformly designing the photovoltaic thermal cover units at both the window area and the through-wall area of the building wall, it helps ensure the unity of the building facade design and meets the requirement for transforming all building facades to meet the solar radiation conditions needed for photovoltaic power generation. In this embodiment, the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the window area includes a window partition component and a window photovoltaic thermal cover component. The window photovoltaic thermal cover component is spaced on the outside of the building wall, while the window partition component is arranged around the window photovoltaic thermal cover component and connected to the building wall. The window partition component includes a rst horizontal partition 101, a second horizontal partition 102, a third horizontal partition 103, and two rst vertical partitions 109. The window photovoltaic thermal cover component includes a rst photovoltaic panel 104, a window body 105, a rst exhaust grille 106, a rst intake grille 107, and a heat dissipation grille 108. The rst photovoltaic panel 104 includes a base layer 1041, a conductive layer 1042, a photovoltaic active layer 1043, an electron transport layer 1044, an encapsulation layer 1045, and an outer layer 1046, arranged in this order from bottom to top. The base layer 1041 uses a glass substrate, the conductive layer 1042 uses transparent conductive oxide, the photovoltaic active layer 1043 uses perovskite material, the electron transport layer 1044 uses titanium dioxide, the encapsulation layer 1045 uses ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, and the outer layer 1046 uses a glass layer. The conductive layer 1042 uses transparent conductive oxide to collect and transmit the current generated by the photovoltaic active layer. The photovoltaic active layer 1043 uses perovskite material to achieve photoelectric conversion. The electron transport layer 1044 uses titanium dioxide, which is primarily responsible for electron transport and suppressing electron backow. The encapsulation layer 1045 uses ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer to protect the electronic components inside the photovoltaic panel from external environmental damage. The rst photovoltaic panel 104 achieves the photoelectric conversion process through its unique multi-layer structure. When sunlight hits the surface of the photovoltaic panel, photons penetrate the outer layer 1046 and encapsulation layer 1045, entering the photovoltaic active layer 1043. The photons are absorbed by the perovskite material in the photovoltaic active layer 1043, exciting electron-hole pairs. Under the action of the electric eld, electrons are transported through the electron transport layer 1044 to the conductive layer 1042 and ultimately collected and utilized by the external circuit. The encapsulation layer 1045 and outer layer 1046 jointly protect the internal electronic components of the photovoltaic panel from external environmental damage, and the multi-layer structure allows the rst photovoltaic panel 104 to have high photoelectric conversion efciency and excellent durability. The rst horizontal partition 101 is horizontally positioned on the outer side of the top edge of the window in the building wall. The second horizontal partition 102 is horizontally positioned on the outer side of the bottom edge of the window in the building wall. The third horizontal partition 103 is horizontally positioned on the outer side of the top edge of the next oors window or the outer side of the bottom of the building wall. Two rst vertical partitions 109 are arranged vertically and in parallel. One rst vertical partition 109 connects its upper end to one end of the rst horizontal partition 101, while its lower end connects to one end of the third horizontal partition 103. The other rst vertical partition 109 connects its upper end to the other end of the rst horizontal partition 101, while its lower end connects to the other end of the third horizontal partition 103. One end of the second horizontal partition 102 connects to the middle of one rst vertical partition 109, while the other end connects to the middle of the other rst vertical partition 109. The window body 105 is positioned facing the window of the building wall. One end of the rst horizontal partition 101 is xedly connected to the outer side of the upper edge of the window in the building wall, while the other end of the rst horizontal partition 101 is xedly connected to the upper end of the window body 105 . One end of the second horizontal partition 102 is xedly connected to the outer side of the lower edge of the window in the building wall, while the other end of the second horizontal partition 102 is xedly connected to the lower end of the window body 105. Preferably, the window body 105 is a sliding window, which includes a window frame and a glass window body installed in the window frame. The window frame is made of bridge-cut aluminum or plastic steel materials, and the glass window body is made of double-glazed glass. Two second vertical partitions 203 are arranged vertically and in parallel. One second vertical partition 203 has its upper end connected to one end of the fourth horizontal partition 201, while its lower end is connected to one end of the fth horizontal partition 202. The other second vertical partition 203 has its upper end connected to the other end of the fourth horizontal partition 201, while its lower end is connected to the other end of the fth horizontal partition 202. The two second vertical partitions 203 are xedly connected to both sides of the second photovoltaic panel 204, both sides of the second intake grille 205, and both sides of the second exhaust grille 206. In this embodiment, the fourth horizontal partition 201, fth horizontal partition 202, second vertical partitions 203, second photovoltaic panel 204, rst intake grille 205, and second exhaust grille 206 are all xedly connected to the building wall using a second xed keel 207. The middle of the second photovoltaic panel 204 is also provided with a reinforcing keel 208. One end of the reinforcing keel 208 is xedly connected to the outer side of the throughwall of the building wall, while the other end is xedly connected to the second photovoltaic panel 204. By providing the reinforcing keel 208, the installation stability of the second photovoltaic panel 204 is improved, effectively enhancing the safety of the system structure. In this embodiment, the rst intake grille 107 is located at the upper edge of the next lower oor window or near the ground level at the bottom of the building wall. Among the photovoltaic thermal cover units located at the window area and the through-wall area in the same oor, the rst intake grille 107 and the second intake grille 205 are positioned on the same horizontal plane. The rst exhaust grille 106, rst intake grille 107, heat dissipation grille 108, second intake grille 205, and second exhaust grille 206 all adopt ventilated grilles that can be opened or closed. The ventilated grilles consist of a grille frame and louver blades mounted within the frame. In the rst intake grille 107 and the second intake grille 205, the maximum opening angle of the louver blades is 45°, and the opening direction is inclined downward. The upper ends of the louver blades are positioned closer to the building wall side. In the rst exhaust grille 106 and the second exhaust grille 206, the maximum opening angle of the louver blades is also 45°, and the opening direction is inclined downward. The upper ends of the louver blades are positioned away from the building wall side. In the heat dissipation grille 108, the maximum opening angle of the louver blades is parallel to the outer side of the building wall. The arrangement ensures that the intake grilles, exhaust grilles, and heat dissipation grilles have sufciently large ventilation channels when in the open state. Working Principle and Usage Method: In this embodiment, the airtype photovoltaic thermal wall structure is designed for use when the building experiences a cooling load or when the indoor temperature exceeds 26°C during summer. In such cases, the heat dissipation grille 108 is closed, while the rst exhaust grille 106, rst intake grille 107, second intake grille 205, and second exhaust grille 206 are opened, and the window body 105 is kept open. When the building experiences a heating load or the indoor temperature falls below 22°C during winter, the heat dissipation grille 108 is opened, while the rst exhaust grille 106, rst intake grille 107, second intake grille 205, and second exhaust grille 206 are closed, and the window body 105 remains closed. Specically: For the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the window, when there is a cooling load in the building or when the indoor summer temperature exceeds 26°C, the heat dissipation grille 108 is closed, and the rst exhaust grille 106 and rst intake grille 107 are opened. The temperature difference at the rst exhaust grille 106 and the rst intake grille 107 accelerates the discharge of heat generated by the rst photovoltaic panel 104. Through the rst photovoltaic panel 104, shortwave radiation on the building wall is effectively reduced. When there is a heating load in the building or when the indoor winter temperature is below 22°C, the heat dissipation grille 108 is opened, and the rst exhaust grille 106 and rst intake grille 107 are closed. The additional heat generated by the rst photovoltaic panel 104 is used to heat the air in the window sill wall and the air around the window through the heat dissipation grille 108. The window body 105 can be opened or closed according to the requirements of the two operating modes to promote building ventilation or insulation. In the case of a cooling load or indoor summer temperatures above 26°C, the window should remain open. In the case of a heating load or indoor winter temperatures below 22°C, the window should remain closed. In other cases, the windows open or closed status can be determined based on the indoor ventilation needs. This conguration allows the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the window to specically regulate the buildings cooling and heating loads. For the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the throughwall, when there is a cooling load in the building or when the indoor summer temperature exceeds 26°C, the second intake grille 205 and second exhaust grille 206 are opened. The temperature difference at the second intake grille 205 and second exhaust grille 206 accelerates the discharge of additional heat generated by the second photovoltaic panel 204. Through the second photovoltaic panel 204, shortwave radiation on the building wall is reduced. When there is a heating load in the building or when the indoor winter temperature is below 22°C, the second intake grille 205 and second exhaust grille 206 are closed. The additional heat generated by the second photovoltaic panel 204 is used to increase the air temperature between the building wall and the second photovoltaic panel 204. This conguration allows the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the through-wall to specically regulate the buildings cooling and heating loads. The air-type photovoltaic thermal wall structure in this embodiment includes the photovoltaic thermal cover units at the window and at the through-wall. The photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the window is installed at the window of the building wall and the window sill wall below it. The rst horizontal partition 101, second horizontal partition 102, third horizontal partition 103, rst photovoltaic panel 104, rst exhaust grille 106, rst intake grille 107, and rst vertical partition 109 are xed to the building wall using a rst xed keel 110. By placing the heat dissipation grille at the lower edge of the window of the building wall, the windows photovoltaic thermal cover unit is divided into upper and lower air regions, surrounded by a window partition assembly. The rst intake grille 107 is located at the upper edge of the next lower oor window or near the ground level at the bottom of the building wall. The rst exhaust grille 106 is placed below the lower edge of the oor window and the heat dissipation grille 108. In the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the through-wall, the fourth horizontal partition 201, fth horizontal partition 202, second vertical partition 203, second photovoltaic panel 204, rst intake grille 205, and second exhaust grille 206 are xed to the building wall using a second xed keel 207. Depending on the actual force condition of the second photovoltaic panel 204, a reinforcing keel 208 is added between the second photovoltaic panel 204 and the building wall to enhance stability. The throughwall partition assembly surrounds the unit. In the same oor arrangement, the rst intake grille 107 and second intake grille 205 are aligned horizontally, and the second exhaust grille is positioned at the highest point of the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the throughwall in the vertical direction. In this embodiment, the vertical height of the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the window location and the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the through-wall location is determined by the distance between the highest window sill of the Nth oor and the highest window sill of the N+1th oor of the building wall. The rst exhaust grille is arranged adjacent to the rst horizontal partition, and the second exhaust grille is arranged adjacent to the fourth horizontal partition. The rst horizontal partition, second horizontal partition, third horizontal partition, fourth horizontal partition, fth horizontal partition, rst vertical partition, and second vertical partition are all made of re- resistant materials with a low thermal conductivity coefcient; the combustion performance of the low thermal conductivity re-resistant material is rated as Class A. The adjustable ventilation grilles are all louver-type. When the intake grille is opened, the louver blades should reach 45° and be higher on the side closer to the building wall; when the exhaust grille is opened, the louver blades should reach 45° and be higher on the side farther from the building wall. The louver blades of the heat dissipation grille should be perpendicular to the building wall to ensure a sufciently large ventilation channel when opened. The rst and second photovoltaic panels include photovoltaic panel assemblies, external frames, and their xed components, with the photovoltaic panel assemblies being thin-lm photovoltaic modules. In this embodiment, all connections between photovoltaic thermal cover units, as well as between the photovoltaic thermal cover unit and the building wall, are sealed with sealing strips. The glass body and window frame are made from materials with preset insulation performance according to the design requirements. A horizontal or vertical partition may be placed between adjacent photovoltaic thermal cover units. All connection components used for installation should not be exposed to the outside of the partitions, meaning they should not be exposed to the air. If exposure to the air is necessary due to installation conditions, the components should be sealed with building sealant to isolate them from the air. The air-type photovoltaic thermal facade structure described in the invention maintains the uniformity of the buildings facade design while meeting energy efciency requirements and providing electrical power. For the through-wall location: vertical adjustable ventilation grilles are arranged on both the upper and lower sides of the photovoltaic components, surrounded by partitions and assembled using connecting components to form the air-type photovoltaic thermal cover unit for the through-wall location. For the window location: vertical adjustable ventilation grilles are arranged on both the upper and lower sides of the photovoltaic components, with a horizontal adjustable ventilation grille placed at the upper part of the photovoltaic component, surrounded by partitions. The size of the photovoltaic thermal cover unit at the window location is equal to the size of the window sill wall below the window, slightly wider than the window. A sliding window of the same size as the window is set above the horizontal partition, with partitions used to surround the sliding window. The complete air-type photovoltaic thermal facade structure is formed by setting the window photovoltaic thermal cover unit and the through-wall photovoltaic thermal cover unit and connecting them to the building wall using installation components. The facade system of the invention addresses the practical situation where both large numbers of windows and through-wall facades exist on the exterior of residential buildings. It combines the two architectural facade characteristics at the window and through-wall locations, proposing corresponding photovoltaic component and ventilation port congurations for each, using a unied design structure to ensure consistency in the buildings exterior facade. The system operates in different modes depending on the season, by adjusting the ventilation ports, thereby meeting the thermal requirements for the buildings envelope in accordance with energy efciency regulations. It reduces energy consumption in residential buildings and optimizes the energy structure. By placing photovoltaic thermal covers on the exterior of the building, clean electrical energy is provided, and through adjusting the ventilation grilles opening and closing in winter and summer, heat generated by the photovoltaic panels is quickly dissipated and stored. This makes it easier to control based on the outdoor thermal environment and indoor heating and cooling needs. By adjusting the opening and closing status of different adjustable ventilation grilles, the heat generated by the photovoltaic panels is discharged and collected, optimizing the buildings thermal environment. The systems operation mode is adjusted according to the actual cooling and heating loads of the building in different seasonal climate conditions, achieving targeted regulation of the thermal environment of the buildings facade and reducing energy consumption for heating and cooling. In the present invention, by setting a photovoltaic panel with a preset distance from the building wall as the main structure, and setting targeted openable and closable grilles at the through-type wall and the window and window sill walls, an air-type photovoltaic thermal wall structure that can meet the needs of various areas of the building facade is realized. By opening and closing the ventilation grilles, the heat generated by the photovoltaic panel backplane can be quickly discharged and effectively closed in summer and winter; in summer, the photovoltaic panel is used to block solar radiation and quickly discharge the heat generated by the photovoltaic backplane to reduce the heating of the building wall; in winter, the closed grille is used to store the waste heat of the photovoltaic panel to warm the building wall; thereby, while photovoltaic power generation is being carried out, the photovoltaic waste heat is fully utilized to reduce the energy consumption of building heating and cooling. The above embodiment is only one of the embodiments that can realize the technical solution of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, but also includes changes, replacements and other embodiments that can be easily thought of by any technician familiar with the technical eld within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention. -zo-

Claims

1. Air-type photovoltaic-thermal wall structure, characterized by the include a photovoltaic-thermal cover unit at the window location; where the photovoltaic-thermal cover unit is located at the window installed on the window position of the building wall; the photovoltaic- thermal cover unit at the location of the window a window partition wall construction and a window photovoltaic-thermal cover construction includes; the window photovoltaic-thermal cover construction on the placed on the outside of the building wall; the window partition wall construction the four sides of the window photovoltaic- thermal cover structure surrounds and is connected to the building wall; the window photovoltaic-thermal cover construction a first photovoltaic panel (104), a window body (105), a first outlet grille (106), a first inlet grille (107) and a heat dissipation grille (108); the window body (105) for the window on the building wall has been installed; the first photovoltaic panel (104) is placed below the window body (105); the first outlet grille (106) is vertical positioned between the first photovoltaic panel (104) and the window body (105) is; the first inlet grille (107) is placed at the lower end of the first photovoltaic panel (104); the heat dissipation grille (108) horizontally between the first photovoltaic panel (104) and the window body (105) are placed and above the first exhaust grille ( 106) is located; the first photovoltaic panel (104) has a substrate layer (1041), a conductive layer (1042), a photovoltaic active layer (1043), a electron transport layer (1044), a packaging layer (1045) and an outer layer (1046) comprises, which are arranged in order from bottom to top; the substrate layer (1041) made of glass, the conductive layer (1042) is made of transparent conductive oxide is, the photovoltaic active layer (1043) is made of perovskite material, the electron transport layer (1044) is made of titanium dioxide, the packaging layer (1045) is made of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer and the outer layer (1046) is made of glass is made.

2. Air-type photovoltaic-thermal wall structure according to claim 1, characterized because the window partition wall construction with a first horizontal partition wall -21- (101), a second horizontal partition (102), a third horizontal partition wall (103) and two first vertical partition walls (109); wherein the first horizontal partition wall (101) horizontally on the outside of the top edge of the window is placed on the wall of the building, the second horizontal partition wall (102) horizontally on the outside of the bottom edge of the window of the building wall is placed and the third horizontal partition wall (103) horizontally on the outside of the top edge of the window of the next floor of the building wall or the outside of the bottom of the building wall is placed; the first two vertical partition walls (109) are arranged vertically and parallel, with one first vertical partition wall (109) has its top end connected to one end of the first horizontal partition (101), and its lower end with one end of the third horizontal partition (103) is connected; the top end of the other first vertical partition (109) with the other end of the first horizontal partition (101) is connected, and its lower end is connected to the other end of the third horizontal partition (103); one end of the second horizontal partition wall (102) is connected to the middle of a first vertical partition (109), and the other end with the center of the other first vertical partition wall (109) is connected; the second horizontal partition wall ( 102) has a grille installation opening, wherein the heat dissipation grille (108) is installed horizontally in the grille installation opening; the first exhaust grille (106) under the second horizontal partition (102) is positioned.

3. Air-type photovoltaic thermal wall structure according to claim 1, characterized because the first inlet grille (107) is at the top edge of the window of the next floor or at the lower end of the building wall, close to the ground, has been placed.

4. Air-type photovoltaic thermal wall structure according to claim 1, characterized because the air-type photovoltaic wall structure also has a through-the-wall through-wall photovoltaic-thermal cover unit includes; the through-wall through-wall photovoltaic-thermal cover unit at the through-wall location -22- installed on the building wall; the beam passing through the wall photovoltaic-thermal cover unit a through-the-wall partition wall construction and a through-wall photovoltaic-thermal cover construction includes; the photovoltaic-thermal element passing through the wall spaced-apart covering structure on the outside of the building wall is placed; the partition wall construction that goes through the wall covers the four sides of the photovoltaic-thermal cover structure that goes through the wall and surrounds it with the wall of the building is connected; the photovoltaic light passing through the wall thermal cover structure comprises a second photovoltaic panel (204), a second inlet grille (205) and a second outlet grille (206); the second photovoltaic panel (204) is placed vertically at intervals on the outside of the wall of the building at the location through the wall, with the four sides of the second photovoltaic panel (204) are connected to the through-wall partition wall construction; the second inlet grille (205) is positioned vertically at the lower end of the second photovoltaic panel (204), and the second exhaust grille (206) is positioned vertically at the top end of the second photovoltaic panel (204).

5. Air-type photovoltaic-thermal wall structure according to claim 4, characterised because the partition wall construction that goes through the wall provides a fourth horizontal partition wall (201), a fifth horizontal partition wall (202) and two second vertical partitions (203); the fourth horizontal partition (201) is positioned horizontally at the top end of the second exhaust grille (206), whereby one side of the fourth horizontal partition (201) is fixedly connected to the outside of the wall location of the wall of the building and the other side is firmly connected to the top end of the second exhaust grille (206); the fifth horizontal partition (202) horizontally to the lower end of the second inlet grille (205) is placed, with one side of the fifth horizontal partition (202) is firmly connected to the outside of the through-the-wall wall location of the building wall and the other side is firmly connected to the lower end of the second inlet grille (205); the two second vertical partition walls (203) are arranged vertically and parallel, whereby the upper end of the one second vertical partition (203) with the one -23- end of the fourth horizontal partition (201) is connected and the lower end of it with one end of the fifth horizontal partition (202) is connected; the top end of the other second vertical partition (203) with the other end of the fourth horizontal partition (201) is connected, and its lower end to the other end of the fifth horizontal partition wall (202) is connected.

6. Air-type photovoltaic-thermal wall structure according to claim 4, characterised because the first inlet grille (107) and the second inlet grille (205) are located on the same horizontal line is located in the window photovoltaic-thermal cover unit and the Through-the-wall photovoltaic-thermal cover unit on the same floor has been added.

7. Air-type photovoltaic-thermal wall structure according to claim 1, characterised because the window body (105) is a sliding window; the sliding window being a window frame and a glass body, the window frame being thermally is made of interrupted aluminum or PVC materials, and the glass body of double glazing is made.

8. Air-type photovoltaic-thermal wall structure according to claim 4, characterised because the first exhaust grille (106), the first inlet grille (107), the heat exhaust grille (108), the second inlet grille (205) and the second exhaust grille (206) all adjustable ventilation grilles are; the adjustable ventilation grille is a grid frame and louvers mounted in the grid frame includes; the maximum opening angle of the slats in the first inlet grille (107) and the second inlet grille (205) 450, with the opening direction of the slats towards is tilted down and the upper end of the slats are near the wall of the building; the maximum opening angle of the louvers in the first exhaust grille (106) and the second exhaust grille (206) is 45°, whereby the opening direction of the slats is tilted downwards and the upper end of the louvers are located on the building wall; in the heat extraction grille (108) is the maximum opening angle of the slats parallel to the outside of the wall of the building. -24- 9. Method of using the air type photovoltaic-thermal wall structure according to claim 4 comprises the following steps: when the building has a cooling load or the indoor temperature is higher than the first preset temperature in summer, then close the heat dissipation grille (108), the opening the first exhaust grille (106) and the first inlet grille (107), and the keeping the window body open (105); when the building has a cooling load or the indoor temperature is lower than the second preset temperature in winter, then opening the heat dissipation grille (108), and closing the first exhaust grille (106) and the first inlet grille (107), the window body (105) remains closed.

10. Method of using the air type photovoltaic-thermal wall structure according to claim 9, characterised by further comprising: when there is a cooling load in the building is whether the interior temperature of the building is higher than the first preset temperature in summer, opening the second air inlet grille (205) and the second exhaust grille (206); when there is a cooling load in the building or the the building's indoor temperature is lower than the second preset temperature in winter, closing the second air intake grille (205) and the second exhaust grille (206). 1 / 4 Figure1 Figure2