MESH NETWORK COMMUNICATION, INTEGRATED SENSOR-BASED WEARABLE PERSONNEL PROTECTION, TRACKING AND EVACUATION GUIDANCE SYSTEM FOR UNDERGROUND AND SURFACE MINING.

Abstract

This invention is an integrated protection system developed to increase the chances of survival for workers trapped in accident scenarios such as cave-ins and rockfalls in underground and surface mining. It aims to solve technical problems such as the inability of existing personal protective equipment to monitor vital functions, transmit hazardous gas levels to a control center, and autonomously determine location during an accident. The system includes D3O-based intelligent impact protection panels integrated into the miner's suit, autonomous health monitoring with PPG sensors, and environmental sensor networks monitoring CO2, CO, O2, H2S, and CH4 gases. Telemetry modules used as the communication infrastructure establish a wireless mesh network enabling direct data transfer between miners, ensuring uninterrupted data monitoring to the control center even during a cave-in.The collected location and health data are analyzed via an integrated AI routing algorithm to prevent disorientation during moments of panic; it autonomously guides the miner to the nearest shelter or safe exit using RGB LEDs on their shoulders and voice guidance.

Description

1 TARIFF MESH NETWORK FOR UNDERGROUND AND SURFACE MINING. COMMUNICATION-ENABLED, INTEGRATED SENSOR-EQUIPPED WEARABLE PERSONNEL PROTECTION, TRACKING AND EVACUATION GUIDANCE SYSTEM 5 Technical Area The invention aims to ensure occupational health and safety in underground and surface mining. Developed with impact protection, thermal management, energy efficiency, gas measurement and dust filtration 10 combining their functions in a single wearable platform; also tracking personnel's location and vital signs. transmitting data to the center without relying on fixed infrastructure and providing personnel in case of emergency A wearable personal protection device that guides to a safe zone, tracking, and evacuation guidance system. It is related to the system. More specifically, the invention involves smart polymer panels that harden upon impact, and multi-channel gas. sensor group, physiological sensor module, multi-hop (mesh) telemetry module and visual and auditory guidance units are integrated into a single 20-inch network to exchange data with each other. It relates to a system that integrates wearable protective equipment onto a body. The invention is also relevant to tunnel and subway construction, shipyards, heavy industrial facilities, and search and rescue operations. It relates to a system that can also be applied in closed-space operations of the units. State of the Art Mining accounts for approximately 1% of the world's workforce, yet 30% of fatal work-related accidents occur in this sector. It is one of the activity areas with the highest sectoral risk intensity, covering approximately 8%. The death rate per 100,000 workers is 3.7 in Australia, 9.3 in Poland, and in America. While it is 14.1 in the United States, it is 44.0 in Türkiye. Landslides, rockfalls, 2 The most critical element lost in incidents such as methane gas explosions and toxic gas accumulation is... It is the severing of the connection between the worker underground and the control center above ground; this connection When the fuse blows, the worker's location, vital signs, and the air quality of the environment are all the same. It becomes unknowable at that moment. Protective equipment and monitoring systems used under the known state of the art are functional. Based on this, they are grouped into four separate, independent categories: a) Personal protective equipment: Consisting of a helmet, flame-retardant coverall, and reflective vest. This group provides purely passive protection. Protection is primarily directed towards the head area; 10 Critical areas such as the shoulders, back, and rib cage remain vulnerable. Standard coverall fabrics. Because of its thick and non-breathable structure, it causes sweating and movement during high-intensity work. This creates limitations. These products include electronics, telemetry, positioning, and active pulse. It has no damping function. b) Personal gas measuring devices: Portable gas detectors are only used where the device is located. It measures the gas concentration at that point and usually only displays the measurement result on the device itself. It notifies the user via screen or audible alert. The measured data center is connected to a monitoring unit. Because it is not automatically transferred, the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to which the worker is exposed or Methane (CH4) levels cannot be monitored from above ground. These devices require body protection, physiological 20 There are no monitoring or evacuation directions. c) Underground personnel tracking (RTLS / UWB) systems: These systems provide highly accurate positioning. In addition to generating information, it also utilizes the fiber optic backbone laid throughout the gallery and specific It relies on fixed base stations positioned at intervals. During the collapse, cable 25 If the power line is broken or the base station's power is cut off, the entire system will be affected. It becomes disabled; that is, the system does not work exactly when it is needed. Also, every new The infrastructure needs to be rebuilt in the production area, and the investment cost per furnace is... It is high. In these systems, there is a physical layer of protection that the worker wears, and No physiological monitoring is available. 30 c) Smart helmets and wearable occupational health and safety platforms: These products protect against impacts and It includes fatigue warning and partial biometric tracking, as well as head protection. 3 It is limited, multi-channel gas measurement is partial, and underground infrastructure-free communication capability is restricted. There isn't any. The combined use of these four groups of equipment requires personnel to wear helmets, radios, personal gas gauges, and monitoring devices. This requires carrying the device separately. This places an additional burden on the staff, 5 This leads to carrying a separate battery for each device, resulting in separate purchases for the business. This creates a separate burden for calibration, separate training, and separate failure management, and most importantly, It's an integrated situation because neither device can see the other's data. This makes assessment impossible. Furthermore, it is carried out externally and independently. The fact that electronic devices are unprotected against the high temperatures and humidity inside the mine, this 10 This increases the failure rate of the devices. In the known state of the art, the following patent documents also exist: Document number CN112690529A (CN201911004399.XA) concerns gas and oxygen sensors, 15 a unit that includes a positioning unit, a wireless communication unit and a voice guidance unit This document describes the mining safety helmet. The functions of the helmet are detailed in the document. It is assembled from a shock-absorbing panel array spread across the body, and a multi-hop relay architecture. and the escape route calculated from environmental map data on the wearable body It is not integrated with the routing hardware. 20 Document number US10235857B2 (US15 / 505,258) concerns personnel tracking and self-organization. A computerized monitoring system that provides security alerts over a wireless network. This document explains how hazard data is processed using a digital environment model. 25 visual and auditory guidance units on the worker in a closed loop It does not have transfer capability or active body protection. Document number CN110367612A (CN201910815384.5A) concerns gas and carbon dioxide. An underground smart security vest featuring sensing, communication, and shock-absorbing physical structure. The document explains that the electronic units and antenna structure withstand a pulse of 30. ergonomically designed shoulder strap with thermal insulation within a protective layer. There are no independent directional indicator units located in the area. 4 Document number KR102811256B1 (KR1020220191326A) gas detection, illuminated indicator. It describes a smart security vest that shares data with nearby vests. This The document states that the safe escape route is calculated from environmental map data using a vest. Directional differentiation is shown via two separate shoulder indicators on it. Not available. 5 Document number WO2025105574A1 (PCT / KR2023 / 020416) concerns motion sensors and The document describes a shock-absorbing garment containing conductive textiles. The document specifically addresses the impact... Adapting the protection to mining risks, multi-channel gas sensor network and sub-GHz Telemetry integration is not available. 10 In conclusion, in the current state of the technology; physical impact protection, physiological monitoring, multi Channel gas monitoring, communication independent of fixed infrastructure, and autonomous evacuation guidance. All their functions will be on a single wearable body, exchanging data with each other. There is no solution that integrates these elements in this way. Therefore, in the aforementioned technical field, 15 We need a structure that will eliminate the negative aspects described above. It is heard. Purpose of the Invention The purpose of the invention is to replace the helmets, radios, and other equipment currently carried independently in mining. A personal gas gauge and personnel tracking device functions in a single wearable protective housing. gathering it all on one side, thus reducing the clutter and weight of equipment on the worker and the business. The goal is to create a system that reduces the burden of separate purchasing, separate calibration, and separate training. Another purpose of the invention is to create a protective casing that is flexible under normal conditions and withstands impacts of 25°C. The molecular structure changes instantaneously depending on the rate of increase of the force applied instantly. The interlocking, hardening smart polymer panels can be attached and removed from the back and rib areas. By positioning it in this way, the kinetic energy from the falling object, impact, and fall is transferred to the body. The goal is to ensure that it is attenuated before it is transmitted. Another objective of the invention is to provide abrasion and tear resistance on the outer surface of the protective casing. High-performance, flame-retardant and antistatic technical fabric with a three-dimensional woven structure. By using a ventilation layer together, during long-term and high-intensity work The aim is to reduce sweating and restrict movement, thereby increasing user comfort. Another aim of the invention is to create a system that does not require a fixed base station and fiber optic backbone. The goal is to establish a communication architecture. In this invention, each protective casing transmits its own data. It also functions as a relay, transmitting data from neighboring bodies; thus preventing collapses. Even if the cable line is broken due to this reason, data flow continues by jumping between employees. 5 It can reach the gateway from above. Another objective of the invention is to transmit the employee's pulse and mobility data in raw form to the center. The failure to move it is evaluated in the processing unit on the body, and only the threshold exceedance is detected. By sending the status flag indicating the situation, both the communication bandwidth is increased by 10%. This includes both reducing the number of cases and protecting the privacy of personal health data. Another purpose of the invention is to prevent employees from experiencing panic and disorientation in emergency situations. Accordingly, the calculated safe escape route is directed to the right and left shoulder areas of the protective body. Through two separate, independent display units and an audible warning unit, 15 direct view without the employee needing to turn their head or look at a screen It is reported in the surrounding area. Another purpose of the invention is to protect electronic components from the high temperatures, humidity, and conditions of underground environments. The purpose is to protect against dust conditions. For this purpose, electronic enclosures and shock-absorbing panels are used. 20 a thermal pad made of phase-change material placed in the region between them and It is thermally balanced with a heat-conducting cooling plate. Another aim of the invention is to eliminate the need to carry a separate battery for each device. The lamp and the electronic units on the protective housing share a common and low power consumption 25 to supply energy through a single unit and this energy unit to an exposed conductive end The goal is to make them rechargeable in shelter rooms via a contactless interface that does not require physical contact. Another purpose of the invention is to facilitate the maintenance of the system with a modular and detachable structure. By ensuring that only the faulty module is replaced during the repair process, thus extending the product life by 30 The aim is to extend its lifespan and reduce the amount of electronic waste. Explanation of the Figures 6 Figure 1: Front view of the wearable protective body included in the system described in the invention. appearance. Figure 2: Rear view of the wearable protective body. Figure 3: AA cross-sectional view of the layered structure of the wearable protective body. Figure 4: Circuit diagram of the electronic components located on the wearable protective housing. 5 Figure 5: Block connection diagram of electronic components. Figure 6: Layout of the system within the mine gallery and its communication architecture. schematic view. Explanation of References in Figures 10 1: Wearable protective body 2: Outer shell fabric layer 3: Ventilation interlayer 4: Inner lining layer 15 5: Back shock-absorbing panel 6: Rib shock absorber panel 7: Panel slot 8: Thermal pad 9: Electronic enclosure 20 10: Unit of operation 11: Physiological sensor module 12: Unit of measurement for inertia 13: Gas sensor group 14: Methane sensor 25 15: Carbon monoxide sensor 16: Carbon dioxide sensor 17: Oxygen sensor 18: Hydrogen sulfide sensor 19: Temperature and humidity sensor 30 20: Telemetry module 21: Anten 22: Emergency button 23: Right shoulder indicator unit 7 24: Left shoulder indicator unit 25: Status indicator unit 26: Audible warning unit 27: Vibration alert unit 28: Headlamp 5 29: Unit of energy 30: Power management unit 31: Contactless charging interface 32: Local memory unit 33: Identity unit 10 34: Flexible conductor connection line 35: Sealed connector 36: Wireless relay node 37: Above-ground gateway 38: Ground control station 15 39: Monitoring interface unit 40: Shelter room reader unit 41: Shelter room charging pad 42: Environmental map database unit 43: Route calculation unit 20 44: Cooling plate 45: Dust filter element 46: Sulfur dioxide sensor 47: Acoustic sensor 48: Headlamp power supply line 25 A: Gallery B: User Description of the Invention General Structure The wearable personnel protection, tracking and evacuation guidance system described in the invention is based on the following principles: a wearable protective body (1) worn by user (B), this body (1) 8 The security and electronic units located on it are placed inside gallery (A). wireless relay nodes (36), an above-ground gateway (37) and a ground control station (38) consists of. The wearable protective body (1) protects the user (B), as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2. a vest or jumpsuit top that wraps around the torso from shoulder level to waist level 5 It is structured in the form of a part. The body (1) has a front opening and adjustable closure. It consists of a two-part front surface closed with a group of pieces and a single-part back surface. It comes with adjustable tension bands at the waist and collar areas to fit your body size. It includes. Thanks to this structure, the body (1) accommodates users of different body sizes. (B) can be adapted and the position of the panels (5, 6) it carries on the body 10 Protection is provided throughout the shift. Layer Structure The wearable protective body (1) consists of three main layers, as shown in Figure 3. It has a structure. On the outermost layer, it has high abrasion and tear resistance, flame retardant and antistatic properties. There is a special outer shell fabric layer (2). This layer (2) is preferably high high-strength polyamide-based woven fabric (Cordura) or meta-aramid-based flame retardant Made from (Nomex) technical fabric. Layer (2), friction in the underground environment and In addition to providing mechanical resistance against entanglement, it also offers static resistance of 20 in gassy environments. It reduces the risk of sparks by preventing electrical buildup. On the inside of the outer shell fabric layer (2), there is a three-dimensional woven structure The ventilation intermediate layer (3) is located. This layer (3) is between the outer shell layer (2) and the inner It is structured to create a continuous air gap between the primer layer (4). The air gap in question is 25 that is released during the user's (B) high-effort work. By allowing moisture to be carried away from the body (1), it reduces the loss of comfort due to sweating and It also acts as a thermal buffer between the electronic devices and the body. On the inside, an inner lining layer that is in direct contact with the skin and has moisture-absorbing properties (4) This layer (4) prevents the hard edges of the panels (5, 6) from coming into contact with the skin. It is sewn with rounded edges to prevent obstruction. 30 Shock Absorbing Panel Assembly 9 On the rear surface of the wearable protective body (1), the user's (B) spine and scapula a back shock absorber panel positioned to cover the bone area (5); side and rib shock absorbers positioned on their surfaces to cover the rib area. There are panels (6). Panels (5, 6) are flexible under normal operating conditions and It has a flexible structure, and during impact, its strength varies depending on the rate of increase of the applied force. Its molecular structure locks instantly, causing it to harden, and it regains its original flexibility after impact. It is made of rotating smart polymer material. Thanks to this behavior of the panels (5, 6), the user (B) can bend, squat and It can perform movements such as passing through narrow openings without restriction; however, In case of impact from a falling part or user (B) falling, panel (5, 6) 10 It hardens, spreading the impact energy over a wider surface and transmitting the peak force to the body. It reduces [the impact of the invention]. The protection targeted within the scope of this invention is against crushing in the event of being trapped under rubble. It's not about protection against falling objects; it's about reducing trauma caused by falling debris, impacts, and falls. The panels (5, 6) fit into the panel slots (7) on the wearable protective body (1) It is installed. Panel slots (7), outer shell fabric layer (2) and ventilation space 15 a pocket-shaped structure created between layers (3) that can be opened and closed from one side These are the configurations. Thanks to this configuration, the panels (5, 6) can be removed from the body (1); Thus, it is possible to wash both the body (1) and a damaged panel (5, 6) It is ensured that it is changed individually, and also differently according to the risk level of the site. The level of protection can be adjusted by installing panels of thickness (5, 6). 20 Electronic Enclosure and Thermal Management On the rear surface of the wearable protective body (1), with the lower edge of the back impact absorbing panel (5) An electronic housing (9) is located in the area between the waist and waist level. 25 The electronic enclosure (9) is sealed against dust and water ingress and impact. It has a robust casing structure and can be attached to and removed from the body (1). It is fixed. Between the surface of the electronic housing (9) facing the body and the inner lining layer (4), certain 30 phase changers that store heat by changing from a solid to a liquid state within a temperature range There is a thermal pad (8) made of the material. The thermal pad (8) is made of the ambient by absorbing the heat released from electronic components when the temperature rises delays the temperature inside the housing (9) from going outside the operating range and at the same time It also prevents the user's (B) back area from warming up. Inside the electronic housing (9), the temperature of the processing unit (10) and the telemetry module (20) a cooling plate with a high heat transfer coefficient in contact with the producing surfaces (44) It is located. The cooling plate (44) spreads the point heat to the retaining surface (9) transfers to the thermal pad (8); thus, a two-stage thermal management together with the thermal pad (8). The structure has been created. 5 The area of ​​the electronic enclosure (9) between the shock absorbing panels (5, 6) This placement ensures that the electronic units are kept outside the impulse line, as well as This ensures that the center of gravity of the torso (1) is positioned close to the user's (B) spine. This arrangement creates the effect of the body (1) weight on user (B) during long-term use. It reduces the moment effect. 10 Processing Unit and Sensors Inside the electronic enclosure (9) is a process that performs all data processing tasks of the system. The processing unit (10) is located. The processing unit (10) is a 15 low-power microcontroller. This microcontroller is configured on a board that houses its peripherals. The board It has serial bus interfaces to which sensors are connected, digital input / output pins, and There is a serial communication interface to which the telemetry module (20) is connected. The processing unit (10) comes into contact with the user's (B) skin on the shoulder strap or chest band. A physiological sensor module (11) is connected, positioned to do so. Physiological 20 The sensor module (11) detects the change in the reflected component of the light it sends to the skin surface. It contains an optical sensor that measures the user's (B) pulse rate and blood oxygen level. It produces a satiety signal and a stress indicator based on pulse variability. The electronic housing (9) also contains a three-axis acceleration and angular velocity measurement device. There is an inertia measurement unit (12). The inertia measurement unit (12) is the user's 25 (B) Fall events in which sudden changes in acceleration occur and position over a specified period It detects states of immobility that remain unchanged. On the front surface of the wearable protective body (1), below shoulder level and respiratory A gas sensor group (13) is located near the area. Gas sensor group (13); methane sensor (14), carbon monoxide sensor (15), carbon dioxide sensor (16), 30 It includes an oxygen sensor (17) and a hydrogen sulfide sensor (18). Methane sensor (14), It does not contain hot surfaces or heated elements that pose a risk of ignition in a gassy environment. It was chosen because it operates on the principle of infrared absorption. 11 Gas sensor group (13), in an application of the invention, in the environment after collapse and fire. also a sulfur dioxide sensor (46) which measures the sulfur dioxide concentration that may be formed It includes. In the area where the gas sensor group (13) is located, the measured gas concentrations are also related to temperature. and a temperature and humidity sensor (19) 5 that enables it to be corrected according to the effect of humidity. It is located. Positioning the gas sensor group (13) close to the breathing zone, the measured concentration Ensures that the value represents the air that user (B) actually breathes. Gas sensor in front of the group (13) an opening made on the outer shell fabric layer (2) There is a porous dust filter element (45) placed inside. The dust filter element (45) is 10 while allowing gas molecules to reach the sensors, coal and rock dust from inside the mine accumulating on the sensor surface reduces measurement accuracy and shortens sensor life. obstacles. The collar area of ​​the wearable protective shell (1) has an acoustic sensor that measures the ambient sound level. Acoustic sensor (47) is located. Acoustic sensor (47) detects events such as collapses and rockfalls. It detects the sudden change in sound pressure and reports it to the processing unit (10); the processing unit (10) by evaluating this information together with the acceleration data from the inertial measurement unit (12) It reduces the false positive rate of event detection. The acoustic sensor (47) also allows the user (B) recording situations where they are exposed to high noise levels for extended periods It provides. 20 Data Processing and Privacy Processing unit (10); from physiological sensor module (11), inertia measurement unit (12), Raw data from the gas sensor group (13) and acoustic sensor (47) body (1) 25 It is structured to evaluate on the processing unit (10), raw physiological It does not export the data; instead, it uses a predefined threshold for each measurement channel. By comparing the values, only the measurement can be determined to be normal, warning, or critical. It generates a status flag indicating which range it is in. This structure provides two distinct technical benefits. Firstly, 30 transmitted over the communication line The amount of data is greatly reduced; this situation, coupled with the limited bandwidth in the underground environment, and enables efficient use of the energy budget. Secondly, the user's (B) pulse Since personal health data such as stress data does not leave the body (1), data privacy This is preserved at the hardware architecture level. 12 The raw data is stored in a local memory unit (32) located inside the electronic enclosure (9). It is recorded with a timestamp. Local memory unit (32), post-event investigation and It stores the data required for the registration obligation under the legislation and the trunk (1) place It can be read via wired or wireless connection when placed on top of it. The electronic enclosure (9) also contains the unique identifier for each body (1). There is an identification unit (33) that carries. The identification unit (33) is which body (1) determines that it is assigned to user (B) and counts made at the entrances of the shelter rooms It is read. Telemetry and Multi-Hop Networking 10 In an electronic enclosure (9), in a sub-gigahertz unlicensed frequency band, preferably There is a telemetry module (20) operating in the 915 MHz band. This frequency The reason for its selection is that the wavelength is approximately 0.33 meters and within the gallery cross-section. Exhibiting waveguide-like propagation behavior, it produces approximately 15 watts per meter in straight lines. It produces an attenuation as low as 0.036 dB. The telemetry module (20) is a wearable protective The body (1) is attached to an antenna (21) sewn along the shoulder strap. The antenna (21) positioned at shoulder level and parallel to the body (1) surface, the body signal It reduces the absorption effect and ensures a more stable diffusion within the gallery (A) section. The telemetry module (20) not only sends the data it produces; its range is 20 data received from other bodies (1) and wireless relay nodes (36) inside it It creates a multi-hop network by retransmitting packets. Thus, each user (B) has the same Over time, it becomes a relay of the network. Wireless relays are installed in Gallery (A), especially at sharp turns and intersections. Nodes (36) are placed. The reason for this placement is that 25 is low in straight lines. The attenuation is approximately 67.6 dB per corner during sharp ninety-degree turns. reaching a high value and the connection breaking point after a single corner turn Therefore, relay nodes (36) are sparse along straight lines, turns and junctions. They are positioned in a dense manner at certain points. This structure, gallery (A) laying a continuous fiber optic backbone along the route and fixed base stations at regular intervals 30 It eliminates the need for construction. Data packets jump over trunks (1) and relay nodes (36) to an above-ground network It reaches the gateway (37). The above-ground gateway (37) connects the underground communication network with ground control. It acts as a bridge between station (38). Due to the collapse, one or more relays 13 If node (36) becomes inactive, the network will automatically reconfigure itself and the data The remaining nodes and other users continue to transmit via (B). Ground Control Station and Route Calculation Ground control station (38); collects and records data from above-ground gateway (37) and is a functioning unit. A monitoring interface unit (39) connected to the ground control station (38), a single system showing the location, status flags and gas levels of all users (B) in the field It displays the information on the screen and generates a visual and audible warning if the threshold is exceeded. Within the ground control station (38), the layout of the mine gallery (A), elevation information, 10 an environment that contains refuge room locations and escape routes as a digital model There is a map database unit (42). Route within the ground control station (38). The calculation unit (43) is based on the digital model in the environmental map database unit (42), taking into account the location where the collapse was determined and the gas status flags from users (B). By taking this, it determines the route that leads each user (B) to the nearest safe zone. Route 15 During the selection process, routes that pass through sections where the gas threshold has been exceeded are eliminated. The route determined by the route calculation unit (43) is converted into a digital direction command. converted and returned to the trunk (1) of the relevant user (B) over the same multi-hop network is sent. Thus, the data flow ceases to be a one-way monitoring flow; the measurement goes upward, It becomes a closed loop where the command flows down. 20 Guidance and Warning Units A right shoulder indicator unit (23) in the right shoulder region of the wearable protective body (1), On the left shoulder area, a left shoulder indicator unit (24) is located. Both 25 The display unit (23, 24) is also of the type that can produce light in different colors and is connected to the processing unit (10) It depends. The processing unit (10) displays the direction command it receives from the ground control station (38). Drives units (23, 24) separately. In case of need to turn right, only the right shoulder Indicator unit (23), left shoulder indicator unit 30 only in case of need to turn left (24) lights up. Thanks to this configuration, the user (B) can do so without looking at a screen and without using his hand Without using an indicator, it can perceive the direction it will go directly at the edge of its field of vision. The positioning of the units (23, 24) on the shoulder is also important in dusty and smoky environments. This allows it to be seen by other remaining users (B). 14 There is also a status indicator unit (25) on the front and rear surfaces of the body (1). Status indicator unit (25) indicates when the user (B) is proceeding on the correct route. It produces light continuously, and intermittently if the course is deviated from. The same unit (25), By making the user's (B) status flag visible from the outside, in post-collapse intervention It allows the rescue team to prioritize. 5 An audible warning unit (26) connected to the processing unit (10) is located in the collar area of ​​the body (1). It is located. The audible warning unit (26) reports the direction command verbally and the throttle It produces an audible warning in critical situations, such as exceeding a threshold. The body (1) also contains a vibrating warning unit (27) inside the shoulder strap. The vibrating warning unit (27) is used when the machine noise is high and the audible warning is 10 It enables the transmission of warning signals via touch in environments where hearing is impossible. Right and left shoulder. The individual driving of the vibrating elements in the belts allows for directional information to be conveyed tactilely as well. It allows for transfer. On the front surface of the body (1), there is a size that the user (B) can press even with his gloved hand. and an emergency 15 located in a protective casing to prevent accidental pressing. There is a button (22). If the emergency button (22) is pressed, the operation unit (10), all sensor data and location information at that moment are packaged as the highest priority. It sends via the telemetry module (20). This button (22) manually sends the radio in case of collapse. In situations where communication becomes impossible, the user is given an alarm with a single action (B). It provides the opportunity. 20 Energy Management Inside the electronic enclosure (9), there is a power unit (29) that supplies all the units and this The unit has a power management unit (30) that monitors the charging and discharging processes. 25 The power unit (29), along with the electronic units on the housing (1), is a headlamp. via the supply line (48) the headlamp (28) attached to the user’s (B) helmet. It supplies. The headlamp supply line (48) exits from the collar area of ​​the body (1) and is sealed. It consists of a cable group that can be separated via a connector (35). This configuration Thanks to this, in the known state of the art, there are 30 separate items for headlamp, gas gauge and monitoring device. The batteries carried are collected into a single energy unit (29) and the user (B) The total weight is being reduced. The power management unit (30) monitors the instantaneous load status of the energy unit (29) and the remaining energy by deactivating non-critical units (27, 28) when the level falls below the defined threshold a power saving mode that ensures uninterrupted communication and gas measurement functions It passes. The energy unit (29) is charged via a contactless charging interface (31) located on the body (1). It is being charged. The contactless charging interface (31) ensures that there are no exposed conductive ends. Because of this, it eliminates the risk of sparks forming in a gassy environment and reduces dust and moisture by 5%. It prevents malfunctions caused by the accumulation of deposits on the connector surface. In shelter rooms, shelter room charging pads (41) that match the contactless charging interface (31) It is located. Thus, the body (B) of the user (1) waiting in the shelter room is charged and communication can be maintained until the rescue team arrives. is provided. 10 At the entrances to the shelter rooms, they also read the identification units (33) on the bodies (1). A refuge room reader unit (40) is located. The refuge room reader unit (40), It automatically counts the users (B) entering the room and checks the result. report to the station (38) so that the rescue team can count the number of people in the shelter room and He knows their identities before the intervention begins. 15 Inter-unit Connection The units are located scattered on the wearable protective body (1) (11, 13, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 47), 20 flexible conductor connection lines (34) to the electronic enclosure (9). Flexible conductor connection lines (34) are connected with the outer shell fabric layer (2). Between the ventilation interlayer (3), the body (1) will not cut the bending axes. The conductors are routed through channels in this manner. This arrangement results in conductivity due to repeated bending. It delays the fatigue of the line. 25 at the entry points of the flexible conductor connection lines (34) into the electronic enclosure (9) There are sealed connectors (35). The sealed connectors (35) are located in each module. It makes it possible to detach and reattach it separately from the body (1); thus, in case of malfunction, only The relevant module is replaced; there is no need to renew the entire system. This modular structure is the product. It extends the lifespan of electronic waste and reduces the amount of electronic waste. Figure 4 shows the circuit connections of the processing unit (10) with the sensors and peripherals. This is shown in Figure 5, which illustrates the functional block connections of the units that make up the system. It has been given. 16 Working Principle During the operation of the system, at the beginning of the shift, user (B) must wear the wearable protective body (1) It is worn and activated by separating the body (1) from the charging unit at the stove inlet. Identity unit (33) By reading the fuselage (1), the ground control station (38) 5 reported to which user (B) it belongs. It is recorded. In normal operating mode, the processing unit (10) consists of gas sensor group (13), physiological sensor certain from the module (11), the inertia measurement unit (12) and the acoustic sensor (47) It takes measurements at intervals, compares these measurements with threshold values, and analyzes the resulting situation. by saving the flags to the local memory unit (32) and sending them via the telemetry module (20) 10 sends. If a threshold overshoot occurs in any channel of the gas sensor group (13) The processing unit (10) increases the data transmission frequency by shortening the measurement interval, and provides an audible alert. activates the unit (26) and the vibrating warning unit (27) and raises the status flag to critical. signs. 15 In the event of a collapse, fall or impact, the shock-absorbing panels (5, 6) harden and convert kinetic energy. damping. At the same time, the inertia measurement unit (12) detects the sudden change in acceleration, the acoustic sensor (47) detects sudden changes in sound pressure; if both data are confirmed together and If inactivity continues for the specified period, the processing unit (10) automatically switches to emergency mode. It generates an emergency packet. If the user (B) is aware, he / she can press the emergency button (22) and receive the same packet 20 It can also be triggered manually. Emergency kit, via telemetry module (20) to neighboring trunks (1) and relay nodes (36) by jumping through the above-ground gateway (37) and from there to the ground control station (38) reaches. Ground control station (38) monitors the user's (B) icon on the interface unit (39) It displays a critical status color. 25 Route calculation unit (43), digital model in environmental map database unit (42) on it, taking into account the location of the collapse and the gas status flags for user (B) It calculates the safe route. The calculated direction command is transmitted to the trunk (1) over the same network and The processing unit (10) can control the right shoulder indicator unit (23) or the left shoulder indicator unit according to the command. It turns on the unit (24), reports route compliance from the status indicator unit (25) and gives an audible warning 30 It provides verbal guidance with unit (26). When User (B) reaches the shelter room, the shelter room reader unit (40) ID It performs the count by reading the unit (33); body (1) refuge chamber charging pad (41) By placing it, the energy unit (29) is charged and communication is maintained without interruption. 17 The rescue team determined the location of users (B) via ground control station (38), By viewing the number, status flags, and ambient gas levels, the intervention plan is based on the data. It is created based on... Industrial Applications of the Invention 5 The invention concerns a wearable personnel protection, tracking, and evacuation guidance system; wearable production of technical textiles and personal protective equipment in terms of protective body (1) in its facilities, printed circuit board production and assembly in terms of electronic components in their facilities, and in terms of software components, in embedded software development environments, 10 It can be manufactured in a way suitable for mass production. The wearable protective body of the system (1) is panelled on existing workwear patterns. Since they can be produced by creating slots (7) and flexible conductor connection line (34) channels, They can be manufactured on standard garment lines. Impact absorbing panels (5, 6) molded in 15 by shaping method, electronic housing (9) by injection molding or additive molding It can be produced using manufacturing methods. The invention applies to underground coal and metal mines and open-pit operations, within the existing infrastructure. It can be implemented without requiring radical and costly changes. Wireless relay nodes 20 (36) The system can be put into operation by placing it at the gallery (A) junctions; currently in operation The existing low-frequency radio infrastructure can be preserved. The invention is also applicable in tunnel and subway construction, shipyards, heavy industrial facilities, and enclosed spaces. It can be used as industrial safety equipment in storage and silo facilities. This 25 Since there is no risk of methane explosion in the areas, the system uses fewer gas channels. It is configurable. The invention is also used in confined space operations by search and rescue and fire units. It can be used. In the event of an accident or collapse, information about whether the personnel are alive, their location, and 30 The ambient air quality is transmitted externally via a multi-throw network, enabling the rescue operation. This ensures that planning is based on data, not guesswork. 18 The system enables the employer to monitor personnel and the environment within the scope of occupational health and safety legislation. in a way that will allow it to fulfill its monitoring obligations, the records are stored in local memory. unit (32) and ground control station (38) keep records and these records are used in audits It can be documented. Thanks to the modular structure of the invention, the system can be adapted to the risk profile of the area where it will be used. It can be configured. For example, in an open-pit mining operation where there is no risk of methane explosion, methane can be produced. The sensor (14) can be deactivated; in a tunnel application where there is a high risk of falling. Thicker shock-absorbing panels (5, 6) can be fitted into the panel slots (7). This flexibility is the same This allows the basic body (1) to be used in different sectors. 10

Claims

19 REQUESTS 1. The invention concerns the protection and monitoring of personnel working in underground and surface mining. and for guidance, a wearable protective body (1) worn by user (B) It is a wearable personnel protection, tracking and evacuation guidance system that includes; 5 features. - on the wearable protective body (1), at least in the back and rib areas impact-resistant, smart polymer material Panel slots (7) in which the absorber panels (5, 6) are installed in a removable manner, - on the wearable protective body (1), excluding the impact absorbing panels (5, 6) located in a region and containing a processing unit (10) and a telemetry module 10 (20) containing a dust and water-proof electronic enclosure (9), - wearable protective with the surface of the electronic housing (9) facing the user (B) from the phase-changing material located between the inner lining layer (4) of the body (1) a manufactured thermal pad (8), - located near the respiratory area of ​​the wearable protective body (1) and 15 at least methane sensor (14), carbon monoxide sensor (15), carbon dioxide sensor (16), a gas sensor group including oxygen sensor (17) and hydrogen sulfide sensor (18) (13), - with a physiological sensor module (11) that measures the user's (B) pulse value an inertia measurement 20 that detects the fall and immobility of the user (B). unit (12), - from the physiological sensor module (11), inertia measurement unit (12) and gas raw data from sensor group (13) on wearable protective body (1) by evaluating and only sending out the status flag generated as a result of the threshold comparison. The aforementioned processing unit (10) is structured to transfer, 25 - other wearable protective housings (1) within its range and wireless relay By retransmitting the data packets it receives from its nodes (36), it forms a multi-hop network structured to generate, operating in a sub-gigahertz frequency band with the mentioned telemetry module (20) and the connected and positioned along the shoulder strap an antenna (21), 30 - a right shoulder located in the right shoulder region of the wearable protective body (1) The indicator unit (23) is located in the left shoulder area and the right shoulder indicator a left shoulder indicator unit (24) driven independently of the unit (23), - the processing unit (10) from a ground control station via the telemetry module (20) (38) according to the direction command received, the right shoulder indicator unit (23) and the left shoulder indicator It will only light one of the units (24) and simultaneously activate an audible warning unit. (26) must be configured to run It includes. 5 2. According to Claim 1, it is a wearable personnel protection, tracking and evacuation guidance system, Its feature is that the wearable protective body (1) has an outer flame retardant and antistatic property. outer shell fabric layer (2), ventilation with three-dimensional woven structure in the middle It is made of three layers, an intermediate layer (3) and an inner lining layer (4) inside. It is structured.

3. A wearable personnel protection, tracking and evacuation guidance system according to Claim 2. its feature is that the outer shell fabric layer (2) is based on high-strength polyamide. 15 made of woven fabric or meta-aramid based flame retardant fabric It is the fact that.

4. A wearable personnel protection, tracking and evacuation guidance system according to Claim 2. its feature is that the ventilation interlayer (3), outer shell fabric layer (2) and inner lining structured to create a continuous air gap between the layers (4) 20 It is the fact that.

5. A wearable personnel protection, tracking and evacuation guidance system according to Claim 2. its feature is that the panel slots (7), the outer shell fabric layer (2) and the ventilation gap 25 created in the form of a pocket that can be opened and closed from one side between the layers (3). It is the fact that.

6. A wearable personnel protection, tracking and evacuation guidance system according to Claim 2. its feature is; wearable protective body (1) units (11, 13, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 47) flexible conductor connection lines (34) connecting to the electronic enclosure (9), external 30 Between the shell fabric layer (2) and the ventilation interlayer (3), the bending of the body (1) The problem is that they are passed through channels that are opened in such a way that they do not intersect their axes. 21 7. A wearable personnel protection, tracking and evacuation guidance system according to Claim 6. Its feature is that flexible conductive connection lines (34) enter the electronic housing (9). leak-proof at these points, allowing each unit to be disassembled and reassembled separately. the presence of connectors (35).

8. According to Claim 1, it is a wearable personnel protection, tracking and evacuation guidance system, Its feature is that the processing unit (10) and the telemetry module are located inside the electronic housing (9). (20) contacting the heat-generating surfaces and transferring the released heat to the thermal pad (8) is the presence of a cooling plate (44).

9. According to Claim 1, it is a wearable personnel protection, tracking and evacuation guidance system, Its feature is that the methane sensor (14) in the gas sensor group (13) does not create a hot surface. It is of the type that operates on the principle of infrared absorption.

10. A wearable personnel protection, tracking and evacuation guidance system according to Claim 15 Its feature is that the gas sensor group (13) also includes a sulfur dioxide sensor (46).

11. A wearable personnel protection, tracking and evacuation guidance system according to Claim 1. its feature is that the measured gas concentrations in the area where the gas sensor group (13) is located It is the presence of a temperature and humidity sensor (19) that enables its correction. 20 12. A wearable personnel protection, tracking and evacuation guidance system according to Claim 1. Its feature is that it is located in front of the gas sensor group (13), allowing gas passage while preventing dust ingress. The presence of a porous dust filter element (45) that prevents dust from entering.

13. A wearable personnel protection, tracking and evacuation guidance system according to Claim 1. its feature is that the wearable protective body (1) in the collar area, in ambient sound pressure The presence of an acoustic sensor (47) that detects sudden changes and the processing unit (10), acoustic data from the sensor (47) and data from the inertial measurement unit (12) together It is structured in a way that allows it to identify incidents by evaluating them. 30 14. A wearable personnel protection, tracking and evacuation guidance system according to Claim 1. Its feature is that the telemetry module (20) is in the unlicensed band with a center frequency of 915 MHz. It is of the working type. 22 15. A wearable personnel protection, tracking and evacuation guidance system according to Claim 1. Its feature is that it stores the raw data from the sensors in the electronic housing (9) over time. It is the presence of a local memory unit (32) that stores the stamped memory.

16. A wearable personnel protection, tracking and evacuation guidance system according to Claim 1. its feature is that the wearable protective body (1) carries its own unique identifier. containing an identity unit (33) and a shelter room located at the entrance of the shelter room Automatic personnel counting by reading the aforementioned identity unit (33) by the reader unit (40). It is to do. 10 17. A wearable personnel protection, tracking and evacuation guidance system according to Claim 1. its feature is that it is on the wearable protective body (1), the user’s (B) route compliance and The status flag is made visible from the outside by a status indicator unit (25).

18. A wearable personnel protection, tracking and evacuation guidance system according to Claim 1. its feature is that the wearable protective body (1) is located inside the right and left shoulder straps, Vibrating alerts that are driven independently and transmit directional information via touch. The units (27) are found.

19. A wearable personnel protection, tracking and evacuation guidance system according to Claim 1. Its feature is that when pressed on the wearable protective body (1), the processing unit (10) o This enables it to send all sensor data at that moment as a high-priority packet. An emergency switch located in a protective casing to prevent accidental pressing. The button (22) is located. 25 20. A wearable personnel protection, tracking and evacuation guidance system according to Claim 1. its feature is that an energy unit (29) is located inside an electronic housing (9), a sealed connector (35) exiting from the collar area of ​​the wearable protective body (1) via a detachable headlamp supply line (48), the user (B) 30 It is configured to power the headlamp (28) attached to his helmet.

21. A wearable personnel protection, tracking and evacuation guidance system according to Claim 20. its characteristic is that when the remaining charge of the energy unit (29) falls below the determined threshold, it starts 23 By deactivating the lamp (28) and the vibrating warning unit (27), communication and gas measurement a power management system configured to switch to a power-saving mode while maintaining its functions The unit is (30).

22. A wearable personnel protection, tracking and evacuation guidance system according to claim 20. 5 its feature is that the energy unit (29) is exposed conductive on the wearable protective housing (1). charging via a contactless charging interface (31) that does not contain a terminal and sheltering a refuge room charging pad matching the contactless charging interface (31) mentioned in the room (41) is the presence of.

23. A wearable personnel protection, tracking and evacuation guidance system according to Claim 1. Its characteristic is that it is located in gallery (A), with infrequent sharp turns and intersections in straight lines. wireless relay nodes (36) are positioned in such a way that they will be concentrated at the points and a above-ground network that forms a bridge between these nodes (36) and the ground control station (38) The presence of the passage (37). 15 24. A wearable personnel protection, tracking and evacuation guidance system according to Claim 23. Its feature is that the ground control station (38), gallery (A) layout, elevation information, shelter a perimeter map data containing room locations and escape routes as a digital model With the base unit (42) on this model, the routes passing through the sections where the gas threshold is exceeded are 20 It includes a route calculation unit (43) that determines the safe route by eliminating.

25. A wearable personnel protection, tracking and evacuation guidance system according to claim 24. its feature is that it is connected to the ground control station (38) and the location of all users (B). 25 monitoring interface units that display status flags and gas levels on a single screen (39) is the presence of.

26. A wearable personnel protection, tracking and evacuation guidance system according to Claim 1. its feature is that the processing unit (10) has a threshold in any channel of the gas sensor group (13). When an overshoot occurs, shorten the measurement interval and increase the data transmission frequency. It is structured in this way.

27. A wearable personnel protection, tracking and evacuation guidance system according to Claim 1. its feature is that the processing unit (10) is determined by the inertia measurement unit (12). 24 If immobility is detected for a period longer than the specified time, user (B) does not need to intervene. It is configured to generate an emergency package without delay.

Images