Magazine impact absorber for a projectile launcher

Abstract

A projectile launcher may comprise a magazine configured to receive one or more cartridges. The magazine may comprise a body comprising a first end opposite a second end. The magazine may comprise a bore defining an opening through the body. The bore may be configured to receive a cartridge. The magazine may comprise an impact absorber positioned within the bore. In response to the bore receiving the cartridge, an axially forward surface of the cartridge may be configured to contact the impact absorber. The impact absorber may be configured to receive a force in response to a deployment of the cartridge.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a projectile launcher. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0002] The subject matter of the present disclosure is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the concluding portion of the specification. A more complete understanding of the present disclosure, however, may best be obtained by referring to the detailed description and claims when considered in connection with the following illustrative figures. In the following figures, like reference numbers refer to similar elements and steps throughout the figures.

[0003] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a conducted electrical weapon (“CEW”), in accordance with various embodiments;

[0004] FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a CEW, in accordance with various embodiments;

[0005] FIG. 3A is a front perspective view of a magazine, in accordance with various embodiments;

[0006] FIG. 3B is a rear perspective view of a magazine, in accordance with various embodiments;

[0007] FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view of a magazine with an impact absorber, in accordance with various embodiments;

[0008] FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view of a magazine with an impact absorber further comprising a cartridge inserted into a bore of the magazine, in accordance with various embodiments;

[0009] FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view of a magazine with a strike plate comprising a forward plate and a retaining plate, in accordance with various embodiments;

[0010] FIG. 5B is a side perspective view of the strike plate of FIG. 5A, in accordance with various embodiments; and

[0011] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a magazine with a strike plate comprising a forward plate and an aft plate, in accordance with various embodiments.

[0012] Elements and steps in the figures are illustrated for simplicity and clarity and have not necessarily been rendered according to any particular sequence. For example, steps that may be performed concurrently or in different order are illustrated in the figures to help to improve understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] The detailed description of exemplary embodiments herein makes reference to the accompanying drawings, which show exemplary embodiments by way of illustration. While these embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the disclosures, it should be understood that other embodiments may be realized and that logical changes and adaptations in design and construction may be made in accordance with this disclosure and the teachings herein. Thus, the detailed description herein is presented for purposes of illustration only and not of limitation.

[0014] The scope of the disclosure is defined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents rather than by merely the examples described. For example, the steps recited in any of the method or process descriptions may be executed in any order and are not necessarily limited to the order presented. Furthermore, any reference to singular includes plural embodiments, and any reference to more than one component or step may include a singular embodiment or step. Also, any reference to attached, fixed, coupled, connected, or the like may include permanent, removable, temporary, partial, full, and / or any other possible attachment option. Surface shading lines may be used throughout the figures to denote different parts but not necessarily to denote the same or different materials.

[0015] In various embodiments, a projectile launcher may be configured to launch one or more projectiles towards a target. A projectile launcher may comprise any platform, device, weapon, gun, system, and / or the like configured to deploy (or cause deployment of) a projectile. For example, a projectile launcher may comprise one or more electronic devices configured to deploy a projectile. As a further example, a projectile launcher may comprise a conducted electrical weapon (CEW), a modular conducted electrical weapon (MCEW), a payload launcher, a projectile device configured to deploy entangling projectiles, a paintball gun, and / or the like. In that regard, the projectile launcher may comprise a standalone device, a device mounted or in communication with a second device, a platform, device, or system in electronic communication with a second electronic device, and / or the like.

[0016] In various embodiments, a projectile launcher may be configured to be held and operated by a human user. For example, the projectile launcher may comprise a handle, a grip, a barrel, a stock, and / or the like configured to be held in a hand of the human user.

[0017] In various embodiments, a projectile launcher may be mounted on or proximate to a platform. In that regard, the projectile launcher may be remotely operated. For example, a human user may remotely operate the projectile launcher. The platform may comprise any suitable object, structure, or the like.

[0018] For example, in some embodiments the platform may comprise a remote vehicle. The remote vehicle may comprise any object capable of traveling by land (e.g., surfaces), water, or air. The remote vehicle may be operated by a human user. The remote vehicle may comprise an autonomous vehicle. The remote vehicle may comprise an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone), an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV), an unmanned surface vessel (USV) (e.g., unmanned surface vehicle, autonomous surface vehicle, etc.), a robot, a car, or the like. A ground vehicle may comprise one or more wheels, a continuous track (e.g., tank tread, caterpillar track, etc.), functional legs, or the like configured to enable movement of the vehicle on land-based terrain. The remote vehicle may be operable via a separate control interface (e.g., user controller). The remote vehicle may be operable via a short-range electronic communication and / or via a long-range electronic communication. In various embodiments, the decision to remotely deploy a projectile launcher from a platform may be received directly from a human operator.

[0019] A projectile launcher may be configured to launch any suitable type of projectile. A projectile may include any object, payload, capsule, and / or the like configured to be deployed from a projectile launcher. For example, and in accordance with various embodiments, a projectile may comprise a non-lethal or less-lethal projectile. In that regard a projectile may comprise or be configured to deploy a dart, a paintball, a rubber projectile (e.g., a rubber bullet), a conducted electrical weapon (CEW) electrode, a modular conducted electrical weapon (MCEW) electrode or payload, an entangling projectile configured to entangle a target (e.g., a tether-based entangling projectile, a net, etc.), a scent-based projectile, a liquid-based projectile, a gas-based projectile, pepper spray or a pepper spray projectile (e.g., oleoresin capsicum, OC spray), tear gas or a tear gas cannister or projectile (e.g., 2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile, CS spray), a flashbang projectile, a glass-breaker projectile, and / or any other non-lethal or less-lethal projectile.

[0020] In various embodiments, an electrode for a CEW may include a spear portion, designed to pierce or attach proximate a tissue of a target in order to provide a conductive electrical path between the electrode and the tissue. For example, the electrode may be electrically coupled to a handle of the projectile launcher via a conductive filament wire. The handle may provide an electrical current through the filament wire, the electrode, the spear, and to the target.

[0021] In some embodiments, a projectile may be configured to deliver an inhibitory substance (e.g., to at least partially inhibit a target). In some embodiments, a projectile may be configured to deliver a marking substance (e.g., to mark or designate a target).

[0022] In various embodiments, a projectile launcher may be used to interfere with voluntary locomotion (e.g., walking, running, moving, etc.) of a target. For example, a projectile launcher may comprise a CEW. A CEW may be used to deliver a current (e.g., stimulus signal, pulses of current, pulses of charge, etc.) through tissue of a human or animal target. Although typically referred to as a conducted electrical weapon, as described herein a “CEW” may refer to a conducted electrical weapon, a conducted energy weapon (or “energy weapon”), an electronic control device, an electroshock weapon, and / or any other similar device or apparatus configured to provide a stimulus signal through one or more deployed projectiles (e.g., electrodes), such as those offered by Axon Enterprise, Inc. under its famous TASER® trademark.

[0023] A CEW may be configured to deliver a stimulus signal to a target. The stimulus signal carries a charge into target tissue. The stimulus signal may interfere with voluntary locomotion of the target. The stimulus signal may cause pain. The pain may also function to encourage the target to stop moving. The stimulus signal may cause skeletal muscles of the target to become stiff (e.g., lock up, freeze, etc.). The stiffening of the muscles in response to a stimulus signal may be referred to as neuromuscular incapacitation (“NMI”). NMI disrupts voluntary control of the muscles of the target. The inability of the target to control its muscles interferes with locomotion of the target.

[0024] A stimulus signal may be delivered through the target via terminals coupled to the CEW. Delivery via terminals may be referred to as a local delivery (e.g., a local stun, a drive stun, etc.). During local delivery, the terminals are brought close to the target by positioning the CEW proximate to the target. The stimulus signal is delivered through the target’s tissue via the terminals. To provide local delivery, the user of the CEW is generally within arm’s reach of the target and brings the terminals of the CEW into contact with or proximate to the target.

[0025] A stimulus signal may be delivered through the target via one or more (typically at least two) wire-tethered electrodes. Delivery via wire-tethered electrodes may be referred to as a remote delivery (e.g., a remote stun). During a remote delivery, the CEW may be separated from the target up to the length (e.g., 15 feet, 20 feet, 30 feet, etc.) of the wire tether. The CEW launches the electrodes towards the target. As the electrodes travel toward the target, the respective wire tethers deploy behind the electrodes. The wire tether electrically couples the CEW to the electrode. The electrode may electrically couple to the target thereby coupling the CEW to the target. In response to the electrodes connecting with, impacting on, or being positioned proximate to the target’s tissue, the current may be provided through the target via the electrodes (e.g., a circuit is formed through the first tether and the first electrode, the target’s tissue, and the second electrode and the second tether).

[0026] Electrodes that contact or are proximate to the target’s tissue deliver the stimulus signal through the target. Contact of an electrode with the target’s tissue establishes an electrical coupling (e.g., circuit) with the target’s tissue. Electrodes may include a spear that may pierce the target’s tissue to contact the target. An electrode that is proximate to the target’s tissue may use ionization to establish an electrical coupling with the target’s tissue. Ionization may also be referred to as arcing.

[0027] In use (e.g., during deployment), an electrode may be separated from the target’s tissue by the target’s clothing or a gap of air. In various embodiments, a signal generator of the CEW may provide the stimulus signal (e.g., current, pulses of current, etc.) at a high voltage (e.g., in the range of 40,000 to 100,000 volts) to ionize the air in the clothing or the air in the gap that separates the electrode from the target’s tissue. Ionizing the air establishes a low impedance ionization path from the electrode to the target’s tissue that may be used to deliver the stimulus signal into the target’s tissue via the ionization path. The ionization path persists (e.g., remains in existence, lasts, etc.) as long as the current of a pulse of the stimulus signal is provided via the ionization path. When the current ceases or is reduced below a threshold (e.g., amperage, voltage), the ionization path collapses (e.g., ceases to exist) and the electrode is no longer electrically coupled to the target’s tissue. Lacking the ionization path, the impedance between the electrode and target tissue is high. A high voltage in the range of about 50,000 volts can ionize air in a gap of up to about one inch.

[0028] A CEW may provide a stimulus signal as a series of current pulses. Each current pulse may include a high voltage portion (e.g., 40,000 – 100,000 volts) and a low voltage portion (e.g.,500– 6,000 volts). The high voltage portion of a pulse of a stimulus signal may ionize air in a gap between an electrode and a target to electrically couple the electrode to the target. In response to the electrode being electrically coupled to the target, the low voltage portion of the pulse delivers an amount of charge into the target’s tissue via the ionization path. In response to the electrode being electrically coupled to the target by contact (e.g., touching, spear embedded into tissue, etc.), the high portion of the pulse and the low portion of the pulse both deliver charge to the target’s tissue. Generally, the low voltage portion of the pulse delivers a majority of the charge of the pulse into the target’s tissue. In various embodiments, the high voltage portion of a pulse of the stimulus signal may be referred to as the spark or ionization portion. The low voltage portion of a pulse may be referred to as the muscle portion.

[0029] In various embodiments, a signal generator of the CEW may provide the stimulus signal (e.g., current, pulses of current, etc.) at a low voltage (e.g., less than 2,000 volts). The low voltage stimulus signal may not ionize the air in the clothing or the air in the gap that separates the electrode from the target’s tissue. A CEW having a signal generator providing stimulus signals at only a low voltage (e.g., a low voltage signal generator) may require deployed electrodes to be electrically coupled to the target by contact (e.g., touching, spear embedded into tissue, etc.).

[0030] The likelihood that the stimulus signal will cause NMI increases when the electrodes that deliver the stimulus signal are spaced apart at least 6 inches (15.24 centimeters) so that the current from the stimulus signal flows through the at least 6 inches of the target’s tissue. In various embodiments, the electrodes preferably should be spaced apart at least 12 inches (30.48 centimeters) on the target.

[0031] A series of pulses may include two or more pulses separated in time. Each pulse delivers an amount of charge into the target’s tissue. In response to the electrodes being appropriately spaced (as discussed above), the likelihood of inducing NMI increases as each pulse delivers an amount of charge in the range of 55 microcoulombs to 71 microcoulombs per pulse. The likelihood of inducing NMI increases when the rate of pulse delivery (e.g., rate, pulse rate, repetition rate, etc.) is between 11 pulses per second (“pps”) and 50 pps. Pulses delivered at a higher rate may provide less charge per pulse to induce NMI. Pulses that deliver more charge per pulse may be delivered at a lesser rate to induce NMI.

[0032] In various embodiments, a CEW may use a battery, or batteries, to provide the pulses of the stimulus signal. In response to the amount of charge per pulse being high and the pulse rate being high, the CEW may use more energy than is needed to induce NMI. Using more energy than is needed depletes batteries more quickly. Empirical testing has shown that the power of the battery may be conserved with a high likelihood of causing NMI in response to the pulse rate being less than 44 pps and the charge per a pulse being about 63 microcoulombs. Empirical testing has shown that a pulse rate of 22 pps and 63 microcoulombs per a pulse via a pair of electrodes will induce NMI when the electrode spacing is at least 12 inches (30.48 centimeters).

[0033] In various embodiments, a CEW may include a handle and one or more magazines (e.g., deployment units, etc.). The handle may include one or more bays for receiving the magazine(s). Each magazine may be removably positioned in (e.g., inserted into, coupled to, etc.) a bay. Each magazine may releasably electrically, electronically, and / or mechanically couple to a bay. A deployment of the CEW may launch one or more electrodes from the magazine and toward a target to remotely deliver the stimulus signal through the target.

[0034] In various embodiments, a magazine may include two or more electrodes (e.g., projectiles, cartridges, etc.) that are launched at the same time. In various embodiments, a magazine may include two or more electrodes that may each be launched individually at separate times. In various embodiments, a magazine may include a single electrode configured to be launched from the magazine. Launching the electrodes may be referred to as activating (e.g., firing) a magazine or electrode. After use (e.g., activation, firing), a magazine may be removed from the bay and replaced with an unused (e.g., not fired, not activated) magazine to permit launch of additional electrodes.

[0035] In various embodiments, and with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, a CEW 1 is disclosed. CEW 1 may be similar to, or have similar aspects and / or components with, any CEW discussed herein. Although referred to herein as a CEW, CEW 1 may comprise a projectile launcher, including a projectile launcher configured to launch one or more projectiles that do not carry electrical current. CEW 1 may comprise a housing 10 and a magazine 12. It should be understood by one skilled in the art that FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of CEW 1, and one or more of the components of CEW 1 may be located in any suitable position within, or external to, housing 10.

[0036] Housing 10 may be configured to house various components of CEW 1 that are configured to enable deployment of magazine 12, provide an electrical current to magazine 12, and otherwise aid in the operation of CEW 1, as discussed further herein. Although depicted as a firearm in FIG. 1, housing 10 may comprise any suitable shape and / or size. Housing 10 may comprise a handle end opposite a deployment end. A deployment end may be configured, and sized and shaped, to receive one or more magazine 12. A handle end may be sized and shaped to be held in a hand of a user. For example, a handle end may be shaped as a handle to enable hand-operation of CEW 1 by the user. In various embodiments, a handle end may also comprise contours shaped to fit the hand of a user, for example, an ergonomic grip. A handle end may include a surface coating, such as, for example, a non-slip surface, a grip pad, a rubber texture, and / or the like. As a further example, a handle end may be wrapped in leather, a colored print, and / or any other suitable material, as desired.

[0037] In various embodiments, housing 10 may comprise various mechanical, electronic, and / or electrical components configured to aid in performing the functions of CEW 1. For example, housing 10 may comprise one or more triggers 15, control interfaces 17, processing circuits 35, power supplies 40, and / or signal generators 45. Housing 10 may include a guard (e.g., trigger guard). A guard may define an opening formed in housing 10. A guard may be located on a center region of housing 10 (e.g., as depicted in FIG. 1), and / or in any other suitable location on housing 10. Trigger 15 may be disposed within a guard. A guard may be configured to protect trigger 15 from unintentional physical contact (e.g., an unintentional activation of trigger 15). A guard may surround trigger 15 within housing 10.

[0038] In various embodiments, trigger 15 may be coupled to an outer surface of housing 10, and may be configured to move, slide, rotate, or otherwise become physically depressed or moved upon application of physical contact. For example, trigger 15 may be actuated by physical contact applied to trigger 15 from within a guard. Trigger 15 may comprise a mechanical or electromechanical switch, button, trigger, or the like. For example, trigger 15 may comprise a switch, a pushbutton, and / or any other suitable type of trigger. Trigger 15 may be mechanically and / or electronically coupled to processing circuit 35. In response to trigger 15 being activated (e.g., depressed, pushed, etc. by the user), processing circuit 35 may enable deployment of (or cause deployment of) one or more magazine 12 from CEW 1, as discussed further herein.

[0039] In various embodiments, power supply 40 may be configured to provide power to various components of CEW 1. For example, power supply 40 may provide energy for operating the electronic and / or electrical components (e.g., parts, subsystems, circuits, etc.) of CEW 1 and / or one or more magazine 12. Power supply 40 may provide electrical power. Providing electrical power may include providing a current at a voltage. Power supply 40 may be electrically coupled to processing circuit 35 and / or signal generator 45. In various embodiments, in response to a control interface comprising electronic properties and / or components, power supply 40 may be electrically coupled to the control interface. In various embodiments, in response to trigger 15 comprising electronic properties or components, power supply 40 may be electrically coupled to trigger 15. Power supply 40 may provide an electrical current at a voltage. Electrical power from power supply 40 may be provided as a direct current (“DC”). Electrical power from power supply 40 may be provided as an alternating current (“AC”). Power supply 40 may include a battery. The energy of power supply 40 may be renewable or exhaustible, and / or replaceable. For example, power supply 40 may comprise one or more rechargeable or disposable batteries. In various embodiments, the energy from power supply 40 may be converted from one form (e.g., electrical, magnetic, thermal) to another form to perform the functions of a system.

[0040] Power supply 40 may provide energy for performing the functions of CEW 1. For example, power supply 40 may provide the electrical current to signal generator 45 that is provided through a target to impede locomotion of the target (e.g., via magazine 12). Power supply 40 may provide the energy for a stimulus signal. Power supply 40 may provide the energy for other signals, including an ignition signal, as discussed further herein.

[0041] In various embodiments, processing circuit 35 may comprise any circuitry, electrical components, electronic components, software, and / or the like configured to perform various operations and functions discussed herein. For example, processing circuit 35 may comprise a processing circuit, a processor, a digital signal processor, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device, logic circuitry, state machines, MEMS devices, signal conditioning circuitry, communication circuitry, a computer, a computer-based system, a radio, a network appliance, a data bus, an address bus, and / or any combination thereof. In various embodiments, processing circuit 35 may include passive electronic devices (e.g., resistors, capacitors, inductors, etc.) and / or active electronic devices (e.g., op amps, comparators, analog-to-digital converters, digital-to-analog converters, programmable logic, SRCs, transistors, etc.). In various embodiments, processing circuit 35 may include data buses, output ports, input ports, timers, memory, arithmetic units, and / or the like.

[0042] In various embodiments, processing circuit 35 may include signal conditioning circuity. Signal conditioning circuitry may include level shifters to change (e.g., increase, decrease) the magnitude of a voltage (e.g., of a signal) before receipt by processing circuit 35 or to shift the magnitude of a voltage provided by processing circuit 35.

[0043] In various embodiments, processing circuit 35 may be configured to control and / or coordinate operation of some or all aspects of CEW 1. For example, processing circuit 35 may include (or be in communication with) memory configured to store data, programs, and / or instructions. The memory may comprise a tangible, non-transitory computer-readable memory. Instructions stored on the tangible non-transitory memory may allow processing circuit 35 to perform various operations, functions, and / or steps, as described herein.

[0044] The term “non-transitory” is to be understood to remove only propagating transitory signals per se from the claim scope and does not relinquish rights to all standard computer-readable media that are not only propagating transitory signals per se. Stated another way, the meaning of the terms “non-transitory computer-readable memory” and “non-transitory computer-readable storage medium” should be construed to exclude only those types of transitory computer-readable media which were found in In re Nuijten to fall outside the scope of patentable subject matter under 35 U.S.C. § 101.

[0045] In various embodiments, the memory may comprise any hardware, software, and / or database component capable of storing and maintaining data. For example, a memory unit may comprise a database, data structure, memory component, or the like. A memory unit may comprise any suitable non-transitory memory known in the art, such as, an internal memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), solid state drive (SSD), etc.), removable memory (e.g., an SD card, an xD card, a CompactFlash card, etc.), or the like.

[0046] Processing circuit 35 may be configured to provide and / or receive electrical signals whether digital and / or analog in form. Processing circuit 35 may provide and / or receive digital information via a data bus using any protocol. Processing circuit 35 may receive information, manipulate the received information, and provide the manipulated information. Processing circuit 35 may store information and retrieve stored information. Information received, stored, and / or manipulated by processing circuit 35 may be used to perform a function, control a function, and / or to perform an operation or execute a stored program.

[0047] Processing circuit 35 may control the operation and / or function of other circuits and / or components of CEW 1. Processing circuit 35 may receive status information regarding the operation of other components, perform calculations with respect to the status information, and provide commands (e.g., instructions) to one or more other components. Processing circuit 35 may command another component to start operation, continue operation, alter operation, suspend operation, cease operation, or the like. Commands and / or status may be communicated between processing circuit 35 and other circuits and / or components via any type of bus (e.g., SPI bus) including any type of data / address bus.

[0048] In various embodiments, processing circuit 35 may be mechanically and / or electronically coupled to trigger 15. Processing circuit 35 may be configured to detect an activation, actuation, depression, input, etc. (collectively, an “activation event”) of trigger 15. In response to detecting the activation event, processing circuit 35 may be configured to perform various operations and / or functions, as discussed further herein. Processing circuit 35 may also include a sensor (e.g., a trigger sensor) attached to trigger 15 and configured to detect an activation event of trigger 15. The sensor may comprise any suitable sensor, such as a mechanical and / or electronic sensor capable of detecting an activation event in trigger 15 and reporting the activation event to processing circuit 35.

[0049] In various embodiments, processing circuit 35 may be mechanically and / or electronically coupled to control interface 17. Processing circuit 35 may be configured to detect an activation, actuation, depression, input, etc. (collectively, a “control event”) of control interface 17. In response to detecting the control event, processing circuit 35 may be configured to perform various operations and / or functions, as discussed further herein. Processing circuit 35 may also include a sensor (e.g., a control sensor) attached to control interface 17 and configured to detect a control event of control interface 17. The sensor may comprise any suitable mechanical and / or electronic sensor capable of detecting a control event in control interface 17 and reporting the control event to processing circuit 35.

[0050] In various embodiments, processing circuit 35 may be electrically and / or electronically coupled to power supply 40. Processing circuit 35 may receive power from power supply 40. The power received from power supply 40 may be used by processing circuit 35 to receive signals, process signals, and transmit signals to various other components in CEW 1. Processing circuit 35 may use power from power supply 40 to detect an activation event of trigger 15, a control event of control interface 17, or the like, and generate one or more control signals in response to the detected events. The control signal may be based on the control event and the activation event. The control signal may be an electrical signal.

[0051] In various embodiments, processing circuit 35 may be electrically and / or electronically coupled to signal generator 45. Processing circuit 35 may be configured to transmit or provide control signals to signal generator 45 in response to detecting an activation event of trigger 15. Multiple control signals may be provided from processing circuit 35 to signal generator 45 in series. In response to receiving the control signal, signal generator 45 may be configured to perform various functions and / or operations, as discussed further herein.

[0052] In various embodiments, processing circuit 35 may comprise or be in electronic communication with a communications unit. The communications unit may be similar to, or comprise similar components with, any other communications unit, short-range communications unit, long-range communications unit, or the like disclosed here. The communications unit may enable electronic communications between devices and systems. The communications unit may enable communications over a network. For example, the communications unit may include a modem, a network interface (such as an Ethernet card), a communications port, or the like. Data may be transferred via the communications unit in the form of signals which may be electronic, electromagnetic, optical, or other signals capable of being transmitted or received by a communications unit. The communications unit may be configured to communicate via any wired protocol, wireless protocol, or other protocol capable of transmitting information via a wired or wireless connection. In various embodiments, the communications unit may be configured to enable short-range communications between devices. In various embodiments, the communications unit may be configured to enable long-range communications between devices or systems. In various embodiments, the communications unit may be configured to enable both short-range communications and long-range communications.

[0053] In various embodiments, signal generator 45 may be configured to receive one or more control signals from processing circuit 35. Signal generator 45 may provide an ignition signal to magazine 12 based on the control signals. Signal generator 45 may be electrically and / or electronically coupled to processing circuit 35 and / or magazine 12. Signal generator 45 may be electrically coupled to power supply 40. Signal generator 45 may use power received from power supply 40 to generate an ignition signal. For example, signal generator 45 may receive an electrical signal from power supply 40 that has first current and voltage values. Signal generator 45 may transform the electrical signal into an ignition signal having second current and voltage values. The transformed second current and / or the transformed second voltage values may be different from the first current and / or voltage values. The transformed second current and / or the transformed second voltage values may be the same as (e.g., equivalent to, equal to, etc.) the first current and / or voltage values. Signal generator 45 may temporarily store power from power supply 40 and rely on the stored power entirely or in part to provide the ignition signal. Signal generator 45 may also rely on received power from power supply 40 entirely or in part to provide the ignition signal, without needing to temporarily store power.

[0054] Signal generator 45 may be controlled entirely or in part by processing circuit 35. In various embodiments, signal generator 45 and processing circuit 35 may be separate components (e.g., physically distinct and / or logically discrete). Signal generator 45 and processing circuit 35 may be a single component. For example, a control circuit within housing 10 may at least include signal generator 45 and processing circuit 35. The control circuit may also include other components and / or arrangements, including those that further integrate corresponding function of these elements into a single component or circuit, as well as those that further separate certain functions into separate components or circuits.

[0055] Signal generator 45 may be controlled by the control signals to generate an ignition signal having a predetermined current value or values. For example, signal generator 45 may include a current source. The control signal may be received by signal generator 45 to activate the current source at a current value of the current source. An additional control signal may be received to decrease a current of the current source. For example, signal generator 45 may include a pulse width modification circuit coupled between a current source and an output of the control circuit. A second control signal may be received by signal generator 45 to activate the pulse width modification circuit, thereby decreasing a non-zero period of a signal generated by the current source and an overall current of an ignition signal subsequently output by the control circuit. The pulse width modification circuit may be separate from a circuit of the current source or, alternatively, integrated within a circuit of the current source. Various other forms of signal generators 45 may alternatively or additionally be employed, including those that apply a voltage over one or more different resistances to generate signals with different currents. In various embodiments, signal generator 45 may include a high-voltage module configured to deliver an electrical current having a high voltage. In various embodiments, signal generator 45 may include a low-voltage module configured to deliver an electrical current having a lower voltage, such as, for example, 2,000 volts.

[0056] Responsive to receipt of a signal indicating activation of trigger 15 (e.g., an activation event), a control circuit provides an ignition signal to magazine 12 (or an electrode or cartridge in magazine 12). For example, signal generator 45 may provide an electrical signal as an ignition signal to magazine 12 in response to receiving a control signal from processing circuit 35. In various embodiments, the ignition signal may be separate and distinct from a stimulus signal. For example, a stimulus signal in CEW 1 may be provided to a different circuit within magazine 12, relative to a circuit to which an ignition signal is provided. Signal generator 45 may be configured to generate a stimulus signal. In various embodiments, a second, separate signal generator, component, or circuit (not shown) within housing 10 may be configured to generate the stimulus signal. Signal generator 45 may also provide a ground signal path for magazine 12, thereby completing a circuit for an electrical signal provided to magazine 12 by signal generator 45. The ground signal path may also be provided to magazine 12 by other elements in housing 10, including power supply 40.

[0057] In various embodiments, a bay 11 of housing 10 may be configured to receive one or more magazine 12. Bay 11 may comprise an opening in an end of housing 10 sized and shaped to receive one or more magazine 12. Bay 11 may include one or more mechanical features configured to removably couple one or more magazine 12 within bay 11. Bay 11 of housing 10 may be configured to receive a single magazine, two magazines, three magazines, nine magazines, or any other number of magazines.

[0058] In various embodiments, magazine 12 may comprise a housing sized and shaped to be inserted into bay 11. The housing may define one or more bores. Each bore may define an opening through the housing (e.g., a chamber). Each bore may be configured to receive a projectile, a payload, or the like, such as a cartridge (e.g., cartridges 56). Each bore may be sized and shaped accordingly to receive and house a projectile, a payload, or the like prior to and during deployment of the projectile, a payload, or the like from magazine 12. Each bore may comprise any suitable deployment angle. One or more bores may comprise similar deployment angles. One or more bores may comprise different deployment angles. The housing may comprise any suitable or desired number of bores, such as, for example, two bores, five bores, nine bores, ten bores (e.g., as depicted), and / or the like.

[0059] In various embodiments, magazine 12 may be configured to receive one or more cartridges 56, such as, for example, a first cartridge 56-0, a second cartridge 56-1, a third cartridge 56-2, an “Nth” cartridge 56-n, and / or the like. Magazine 12 may be configured to receive a number of cartridges 56 equal to a number of bores in magazine 12. Each cartridge 56 may comprise a body configured to house an electrode (or other projectile) and one or more components necessary to deploy the electrode from the body. The electrode may be similar to any other electrode, projectile, or the like disclosed herein. The propulsion module may be similar to any other propulsion module, primer, or the like disclosed herein. For example, first cartridge 56-0 may comprise a first electrode E0 and a first propulsion module 25-0, second cartridge 56-1 may comprise a second electrode E1 and a second propulsion module 25-1, third cartridge 56-2 may comprise a third electrode E2 and a third propulsion module 25-2, Nth cartridge 56-n may comprise an Nth electrode En and an Nth propulsion module 25-n, etc.

[0060] As referred to herein, cartridges 56-0, 56-1, 56-2, 56-n may be generally referred to individually as a “cartridge 56” or collectively together as “cartridges 56.” As referred to herein, electrodes E0, E1, E2, En may be generally referred to individually as an “electrode E” or collectively together as “electrodes E.” As referred to herein, propulsion modules 25-0, 25-1, 25-2, 25-n may be referred to individually as a “propulsion module 25” or collectively together as “propulsion modules 25.”

[0061] In various embodiments, each propulsion module 25 may be coupled to, or in communication with a respective electrode in a cartridge 56. For example, first propulsion module 25-0 may be in communication (e.g., electrical communication, fluid communication, etc.) with first electrode E0, second propulsion module 25-1 may be in communication (e.g., electrical communication, fluid communication, etc.) with second electrode E1, third propulsion module 25-2 may be in communication (e.g., electrical communication, fluid communication, etc.) with third electrode E2, Nth propulsion module 25-n may be in communication (e.g., electrical communication, fluid communication, etc.) with Nth electrode En, etc.

[0062] A propulsion module 25 may comprise any device, propellant (e.g., air, gas, etc.), primer, or the like capable of providing a propulsion force. The propulsion force may include an increase in pressure caused by rapidly expanding gas within an area or chamber (e.g., an interior of a cartridge body). The propulsion force may be applied to one or more electrodes E to cause the deployment of the one or more electrodes E. A propulsion module 25 may provide the propulsion force in response to a respective cartridge receiving an ignition signal, as previously discussed.

[0063] In various embodiments, the propulsion force may be directly applied to one or more electrodes E. For example, a propulsion force from first propulsion module 25-0 may be provided directly to first electrode E0, a propulsion force from second propulsion module 25-1 may be provided directly to second electrode E1, a propulsion force from third propulsion module 25-2 may be provided directly to third electrode E2, a propulsion force from Nth propulsion module 25-n may be provided directly to Nth electrode En, etc. A propulsion module 25 may be in fluid communication with one or more electrodes E to provide the propulsion force. For example, a propulsion force from a propulsion module 25 may travel within a housing or channel of a respective cartridge 56 to an electrode E. The propulsion force may travel via a manifold in the respective cartridge 56.

[0064] In various embodiments, the propulsion force may be provided indirectly to one or more electrodes E. For example, the propulsion force may be provided to a secondary source of propellant within the propulsion module 25. The propulsion force may launch the secondary source of propellant within the propulsion module 25, causing the secondary source of propellant to release propellant. A force associated with the released propellant may in turn provide a force to one or more electrodes E. A force generated by a secondary source of propellant may cause the one or more electrodes E to be deployed from the respective cartridge 56.

[0065] In various embodiments, each electrode E0, E1, E2, En may comprise any suitable type of projectile. For example, one or more electrodes E may be or include a projectile, an electrode (e.g., an electrode dart), an entangling projectile (e.g., a tether-based entangling projectile, a net, etc.), a payload projectile (e.g., comprising a liquid or gas substance), or the like. An electrode may include a spear portion, designed to pierce or attach proximate a tissue of a target in order to provide a conductive electrical path between the electrode and the tissue, as previously discussed herein.

[0066] In various embodiments, signal generator 45 may be in electrical series with one or more cartridges 56 received by magazine 12. For example, signal generator 45 may be in electrical series with one or more electrical contacts 46 (e.g., first electrical contact 46-0, second electrical contact 46-1, third electrical contact 46-2, “Nth” electrical contact 46-n, etc.) (e.g., a handle contact, a handle electrical contact, etc.). Electrical contacts 46 may be at least partially exposed within bay 11. In response to magazine 12 being inserted within bay 11, electrical contacts 46 may engage one or more cartridges 56 loaded within magazine 12 (e.g., as depicted in FIG. 2). Each electrical contact 46 may be configured to be in electrical series with one or more cartridges 56, including a same cartridges 56 or separate cartridges 56. For example, first electrical contact 46-0 may be in electrical series with signal generator 45 and first cartridge 56-0, second electrical contact 46-1 may be in electrical series with signal generator 45 and second cartridge 56-1, third electrical contact 46-2 may be in electrical series with signal generator 45 and third cartridge 56-2, Nth electrical contact 46-n may be in electrical series with signal generator 45 and Nth cartridge 56-n, etc.

[0067] Signal generator 45 may be configured to provide one or more electrical signals to one or more cartridges 56 via one or more electrical contacts 46. For example, signal generator 45 and / or processing circuit 35 may control provision of electrical signals to electrical contacts 46. Signal generator 45 and / or processing circuit 35 may control provision of electrical signals by enabling and / or disabling an electrical connection (e.g., a first electrical connection, a second electrical connection, a next electrical connection, etc.). The electrical connection may define the electrical coupling between signal generator 45 and one or more respective electrical contacts 46. Signal generator 45 and / or processing circuit 35 may enable and / or disable electrical connections using any suitable technique or process, such as, for example, by selectively providing electrical signals, opening and / or closing circuits or switches, and / or the like. In some embodiments, providing an electrical signal may include providing a low voltage detection signal, an ignition signal, a stimulus signal, and / or the like.

[0068] In various embodiments, a cartridge 56 may comprise an electrical contact (e.g., a cartridge contact, a cartridge electrical contact, etc.) on an end of its respective cartridge body. The electrical contact may be configured to allow the cartridge 56 to receive an electrical signal from signal generator 45, via a contact 46.

[0069] For example, the electrical contact may be configured to enable the completion of an electrical circuit between the cartridge 56 and signal generator 45. In that regard, the electrical contact may be configured to transmit (or provide) a stimulus signal from signal generator 45, via an electrical contact46, to a respective electrode E. As a further example, the electrical contact may be configured to transmit (or provide) an electrical signal (e.g., an ignition signal) from signal generator 45, via an electrical contact 46, to a respective propulsion module 25. For example, the electrical contact may be configured to transmit (or provide) the electrical signal to a conductor of the propulsion module 25, thereby causing the conductor to heat up and ignite a pyrotechnic material inside the propulsion module. Ignition of the pyrotechnic material may cause the propulsion module to deploy (e.g., directly or indirectly) the respective electrode E from the cartridge 56.

[0070] In various embodiments, the electrical contact for a cartridge 56 may comprise one or more electrical components configured to electrically couple to a respective handle electrical contact 46 in response to magazine 12 being inserted into bay 11. The electrical contact for a cartridge 56 may be configured to provide electrical signals to a respective cartridge 56, as previously discussed. Each electrical contact 46 may comprise one or more electrical connectors such as a pogo pin, a spring-loaded pin, an electrical contact, an electrical probe, and / or the like. For example, one or more electrical contacts 46 may comprise a signal pin. The signal pin may be positioned and configured to provide an electrical signal to a cartridge electrical contact of a cartridge electrically coupled to the handle contact 46. The signal pin may be configured to electrically couple to the cartridge electrical contact on a center point of an end of a cartridge.

[0071] As a further example, one or more electrical contacts 46 may comprise a ground pin. In some embodiments, the ground pin may be positioned and configured to provide an electrical signal to a cartridge electrical contact of a cartridge electrically coupled to the handle contact 46. In some embodiments, the ground pin may be positioned and configured to provide electrical grounding. The ground pin may be located radially outward from the signal pin and may be configured to contact the cartridge electrical contact at a location different from the signal pin on the end of the cartridge.

[0072] In various embodiments, the signal pin may be configured to contact a cartridge at a first location on the cartridge and the ground pin may be configured to contact the cartridge at a second location on the cartridge. The first location may be radially inward from the second location. The first location may comprise a substantially center location on an end of the cartridge. The second location may comprise an outer edge of an end of the cartridge. In various embodiments, the signal pin and / or the ground pin may be electrically coupled to (directly or in series) to one or more components of handle 10, such as, for example processing circuit 35, signal generator 45, and / or power supply 40.

[0073] In various embodiments, control interface 17 of CEW 1 may comprise, or be similar to, any control interface disclosed herein. In various embodiments, control interface 17 may be configured to control selection of firing modes in CEW 1. Controlling selection of firing modes in CEW 1 may include disabling firing of CEW 1 (e.g., a safety mode, etc.), enabling firing of CEW 1 (e.g., an active mode, a firing mode, an escalation mode, etc.), controlling deployment of magazine 12, and / or similar operations, as discussed further herein. In various embodiments, control interface 17 may also be configured to perform (or cause performance of) one or more operations that do not include the selection of firing modes. For example, control interface 17 may be configured to enable the selection of operating modes of CEW 1, selection of options within an operating mode of CEW 1, or similar selection or scrolling operations, as discussed further herein.

[0074] Control interface 17 may be located in any suitable location on or in housing 10. For example, control interface 17 may be coupled to an outer surface of housing 10. Control interface 17 may be coupled to an outer surface of housing 10 proximate trigger 15 and / or a guard of housing 10. Control interface 17 may be electrically, mechanically, and / or electronically coupled to processing circuit 35. In various embodiments, in response to control interface 17 comprising electronic properties or components, control interface 17 may be electrically coupled to power supply 40. Control interface 17 may receive power (e.g., electrical current) from power supply 40 to power the electronic properties or components.

[0075] Control interface 17 may be electronically or mechanically coupled to trigger 15. For example, and as discussed further herein, control interface 17 may function as a safety mechanism. In response to control interface 17 being set to a “safety mode,” CEW 1 may be unable to launch electrodes from magazine 12. For example, control interface 17 may provide a signal (e.g., a control signal) to processing circuit 35 instructing processing circuit 35 to disable deployment of electrodes from magazine 12. As a further example, control interface 17 may electronically or mechanically prohibit trigger 15 from activating (e.g., prevent or disable a user from depressing trigger 15; prevent trigger 15 from launching an electrode; etc.).

[0076] Control interface 17 may comprise any suitable electronic or mechanical component capable of enabling selection of firing modes. For example, control interface 17 may comprise a fire mode selector switch, a safety switch, a safety catch, a rotating switch, a selection switch, a selective firing mechanism, and / or any other suitable mechanical control. As a further example, control interface 17 may comprise a slide, such as a handgun slide, a reciprocating slide, or the like. As a further example, control interface 17 may comprise a touch screen, user interface or display, or similar electronic visual component.

[0077] The safety mode may be configured to prohibit deployment of an electrode from magazine 12 in CEW 1. For example, in response to a user selecting the safety mode, control interface 17 may transmit a safety mode instruction to processing circuit 35. In response to receiving the safety mode instruction, processing circuit 35 may prohibit deployment of an electrode from magazine 12. Processing circuit 35 may prohibit deployment until a further instruction is received from control interface 17 (e.g., a firing mode instruction). As previously discussed, control interface 17 may also, or alternatively, interact with trigger 15 to prevent activation of trigger 15. In various embodiments, the safety mode may also be configured to prohibit deployment of a stimulus signal from signal generator 45, such as, for example, a local delivery.

[0078] The firing mode may be configured to enable deployment of one or more electrodes from magazine 12 in CEW 1. For example, and in accordance with various embodiments, in response to a user selecting the firing mode, control interface 17 may transmit a firing mode instruction to processing circuit 35. In response to receiving the firing mode instruction, processing circuit 35 may enable deployment of an electrode from magazine 12. In that regard, in response to trigger 15 being activated, processing circuit 35 may cause the deployment of one or more electrodes. Processing circuit 35 may enable deployment until a further instruction is received from control interface 17 (e.g., a safety mode instruction). As a further example, and in accordance with various embodiments, in response to a user selecting the firing mode, control interface 17 may also mechanically (or electronically) interact with trigger 15 of CEW 1 to enable activation of trigger 15.

[0079] In various embodiments, CEW 1 may comprise other modes operable into by control interface 17. For example, CEW 1 may comprise modes including a training mode, a manufacturing mode, a functional test mode, a stealth mode, a virtual reality mode, and / or the like. In these modes, one or more features or components of CEW 1 may be enabled or disabled compared to the standard firing mode and / or safety mode. For example, in the training mode a provision of a stimulus signal may be disabled. As a further example, in the stealth mode audio and / or light components may be disabled. As a further example, in the virtual reality mode, signals for deploying cartridges and / or provisional of a stimulus signal may be disabled.

[0080] In various embodiments, CEW 1 may deliver a stimulus signal via a circuit that includes signal generator 45 positioned in the handle of CEW 1. An interface (e.g., cartridge interface, magazine interface, etc.) on or within each magazine 12 inserted into housing 10 electrically couples to an interface (e.g., handle interface, housing interface, etc.) in handle housing 10. Signal generator 45 couples to each magazine 12, and thus to the electrodes E, via the handle interface and the magazine interface. A first filament couples to the interface of the magazine 12 and to a first electrode. A second filament couples to the interface of the magazine 12 and to a second electrode. The stimulus signal travels from signal generator 45, through the first filament and the first electrode, through target tissue, and through the second electrode and second filament back to signal generator 45.

[0081] In various embodiments, CEW 1 may further comprise one or more user interfaces 37. A user interface 37 may be configured to receive an input from a user of CEW 1 and / or transmit an output to the user of CEW 1. User interface 37 may be located in any suitable location on or in housing 10. For example, user interface 37 may be coupled to an outer surface of housing 10, or extend at least partially through the outer surface of housing 10. User interface 37 may be electrically, mechanically, and / or electronically coupled to processing circuit 35. In various embodiments, in response to user interface 37 comprising electronic or electrical properties or components, user interface 37 may be electrically coupled to power supply 40. User interface 37 may receive power (e.g., electrical current) from power supply 40 to power the electronic properties or components.

[0082] In various embodiments, user interface 37 may comprise one or more components configured to receive an input from a user. For example, user interface 37 may comprise one or more of an audio capturing module (e.g., microphone) configured to receive an audio input, a visual display (e.g., touchscreen, LCD, LED, etc.) configured to receive a manual input, a mechanical interface (e.g., button, switch, etc.) configured to receive a manual input, and / or the like. In various embodiments, user interface 37 may comprise one or more components configured to transmit or produce an output. For example, user interface 37 may comprise one or more of an audio output module (e.g., audio speaker) configured to output audio, a light-emitting component (e.g., flashlight, laser guide, etc.) configured to output light, a visual display (e.g., touchscreen, LCD, LED, etc.) configured to output a visual, and / or the like.

[0083] In various embodiments, and with reference to FIGS. 3A and 3B, a magazine 312 for a CEW is disclosed. Magazine 312 may be similar to any other magazine or the like disclosed herein.

[0084] Magazine 312 may comprise a housing 350 sized and shaped to be inserted into the bay of a CEW handle, as previously discussed. Housing 350 may comprise a first end 351 (e.g., a deployment end, a front end, etc.) opposite a second end 352 (e.g., a loading end, a rear end, etc.). Magazine 312 may be configured to permit deployment of one or more cartridges from first end 351 (e.g., electrodes from respective cartridges are launched through first end 351). Magazine 312 may be configured to permit loading of one or more cartridges from second end 352. Second end 352 may also be configured to permit provision of electrical signals (e.g., ignition signals, stimulus signals, etc.) from the CEW to the one or more cartridges. In some embodiments, magazine 312 may also be configured to permit loading of one or more cartridges from first end 351.

[0085] In various embodiments, housing 350 may define one or more bores 353. A bore 353 may comprise an axial opening through housing 350, defined and open on first end 351 and / or second end 352. Each bore 353 may be configured to receive a cartridge. Each bore 353 may be sized and shaped accordingly to receive and house a cartridge prior to and during deployment of the cartridge. Each bore 353 may comprise any suitable deployment angle. One or more bores 353 may comprise similar deployment angles. One or more bores 353 may comprise different deployment angles. Housing 350 may comprise any suitable or desired number of bores 353, such as, for example, two bores, five bores, nine bores, ten bores (e.g., as depicted), and / or the like.

[0086] In various embodiments, cartridge 355 may comprise a cylindrical outer body 356 defining a hollow inner portion. The hollow inner portion may house an electrode (e.g., an electrode, a spear, filament wire, etc.), or any other projectile disclosed herein. The hollow inner portion may house a propulsion module configured to deploy the electrode from a first end of the cylindrical outer body 356. Cartridge 355 may include a piston positioned adjacent a second end of the electrode. Cartridge 355 may have the propulsion module positioned such that the piston is located between the electrode and the propulsion module. Cartridge 355 may also have a wad positioned adjacent the piston, where the wad is located between the propulsion module and the piston.

[0087] In various embodiments, a cartridge 355 may comprise a contact 357 on an end of body 356. Contact 357 may be configured to allow cartridge 355 to receive an electrical signal from a CEW handle. For example, contact 357 may comprise an electrical contact configured to enable the completion of an electrical circuit between cartridge 355 and a signal generator of the CEW handle. In that regard, contact 357 may be configured to transmit (or provide) a stimulus signal from the CEW handle to the electrode. As a further example, contact 357 may be configured to transmit (or provide) an electrical signal (e.g., an ignition signal) from the CEW handle to a propulsion module within the cartridge 355. For example, contact 357 may be configured to transmit (or provide) the electrical signal to a conductor of the propulsion module, thereby causing the conductor to heat up and ignite a pyrotechnic material inside the propulsion module. Ignition of the pyrotechnic material may cause the propulsion module to deploy (e.g., directly or indirectly) the electrode from the cartridge 355.

[0088] In operation, a cartridge 355 may be inserted into a bore 353 of a magazine 312. The magazine 312 may be inserted into the bay of a CEW handle. The CEW may be operated to deploy an electrode from the cartridge 355 in magazine 312. Magazine 312 may be removed from the bay of the CEW handle. The cartridge 355 (e.g., a used cartridge, a spent cartridge, etc.) may be removed from the bore 353 of magazine 312. A new cartridge 355 may then be inserted into the same bore 353 of magazine 312 for additional deployments. The number of cartridges 355 that magazine 312 is capable of receiving may be dependent on a number of bores 353 in housing 350. For example, in response to housing 350 comprising ten bores 353, magazine 312 may be configured to receive at most ten cartridges 355 at the same time. As a further example, in response to housing 350 comprising two bores 353, magazine 312 may be configured to receive at most two cartridges 355 at the same time.

[0089] In various embodiments, activation of a CEW may cause deployment of one or more cartridges of a magazine (e.g., deployment of a projectile from the cartridge). For example, activation of a CEW may cause deployment of a single cartridge, two cartridges, three cartridges, etc. The cartridges may be deployed from a same magazine. The cartridges may be deployed from different magazines. Subsequent activations may cause deployment of additional one or more cartridges. For example, a first activation may cause deployment of a first set of one or more cartridges, a second activation may cause deployment of a second set of one or more cartridges, and the like. The number of activations may be limited in a single instance to a number of deployed cartridges equal to or less than the cartridges loaded into the magazine without reloading (or plurality of magazines received by a CEW handle).

[0090] Subsequent activations may occur during different periods of time. For example, a first activation may occur during a first period of time (or a first event) and a second activation may occur during a second period of time (or a second event), a first activation and a second activation may occur during a first period of time (or a first event) and a third activation may occur during a second period of time (or a second event), and / or the like. Between the first period of time and the second period of time, spent cartridges may be removed from the magazine and new or different cartridges may be inserted into the magazine.

[0091] Repeated deployments of cartridges from a magazine may degrade and / or wear components over time. Degradation and / or wear caused by repeated deployments may occur within the magazine and / or the handle of the CEW. Degradation and / or wear of components may lead to component failure, a shortened component lifespan, and / or the like. For example, deployment of a cartridge may cause movement of the cartridge against one or more components of the handle. Movement of the cartridge may include an axial impact of the cartridge against the bay of the handle (e.g., recoil). As previously discussed, a cartridge may be electrically coupled to one or more components of a handle via a handle electrical contact. The handle electrical contact may be in physical contact with the cartridge during deployment of the cartridge. Movement of the cartridge during deployment may cause the cartridge to impact or otherwise provide a force against the respective handle electrical contact. Repeated impact and / or provided force of cartridges against a handle electrical contact may cause degradation and / or wear to the handle electrical contact.

[0092] In various embodiments, a CEW may comprise one or more components configured to decrease degradation and / or wear caused by deployments of cartridges. The one or more components may be configured to receive a force (e.g., recoil force) caused by deployment of a cartridge. Receiving the force may include compressing, distributing the force, and / or the like. Receiving the force may decrease an amount of force imparted by the cartridge to a handle electrical contact. Decreasing the amount of force imparted to the handle electrical contact may decrease degradation and / or wear of the handle electrical contact. Decreasing the amount of force imparted to the handle electrical contact may increase a life span of the handle electrical contact.

[0093] For example, and in accordance with various embodiments, a magazine may comprise an impact absorber (e.g., a first impact absorber, a magazine impact absorber, etc.). The impact absorber may comprise a spring (e.g., a first spring, a magazine spring, etc.), such as, for example, a wave spring, a coil spring, and / or the like. The impact absorber may be positioned within a bore of the magazine. In response to a cartridge being inserted into the bore of the magazine, the body of the cartridge may pass through the impact absorber while an axial surface of the cartridge may contact an aft surface of the impact absorber. In response to a deployment of the cartridge, forward movement from the cartridge (e.g., the recoil force) may be received by the impact absorber.

[0094] As a further example, and in accordance with various embodiments, a cartridge may comprise an impact absorber (e.g., a second impact absorber, a cartridge impact absorber, etc.). The impact absorber may comprise a spring (e.g., a second spring, a cartridge spring, etc.), a plastic material, a rubber material, and / or the like. The impact absorber may be positioned on the cartridge body. The impact absorber may be positioned against an axial surface of the cartridge body. In response to a cartridge being inserted into the bore of the magazine, the impact absorber may contact an axial surface within the magazine. The impact absorber may compress between the axial surface of the magazine and the axial surface of the cartridge body. In response to a deployment of the cartridge, forward movement from the cartridge (e.g., the recoil force) may be received by the impact absorber.

[0095] As a further example, and in accordance with various embodiments, a CEW may comprise a magazine comprising a first impact absorber and a cartridge comprising a second impact absorber. The first impact absorber may be positioned within a bore of the magazine. The second impact absorber may be positioned on a body of the cartridge. In response to the cartridge being inserted into the bore of the magazine, the cartridge may insert through the first impact absorber and the first impact absorber may be positioned against the second impact absorber. In response to a deployment of the cartridge, forward movement from the cartridge (e.g., the recoil force) may be received by the first impact absorber and the second impact absorber.

[0096] The first impact absorber may be different from the second impact absorber. For example, the first impact absorber and the second impact absorber may comprise different physical dimensions (e.g., the first impact absorber comprises first physical dimensions, the second impact absorber comprises second physical dimensions, and the first physical dimensions are different from the second physical dimensions). As a further example, the first impact absorber and the second impact absorber may comprise different physical attributes (e.g., the first impact absorber comprises first physical attributes, the second impact absorber comprises second physical attributes, and the first physical attributes are different from the second physical attributes). As a further example, the first impact absorber and the second impact absorber may comprise different materials (e.g., the first impact absorber comprises first materials, the second impact absorber comprises second materials, and the first materials are different from the second materials).

[0097] The first impact absorber may comprise a metal spring whereas the second impact absorber may comprise a non-metallic band. The first impact absorber may comprise a metal material whereas the second impact absorber may comprise a non-metallic material such as plastic, rubber, or the like.

[0098] In various embodiments, and with reference to FIGS. 4A and 4B, a magazine 412 is disclosed. Magazine 412 may be similar to any other magazine disclosed herein. Magazine 412 may comprise a housing 450 (e.g., a body) having a first end 451 (e.g., a deployment end, a front end, etc.) opposite a second end 452 (e.g., a loading end, a rear end, etc.). Housing 450 may comprise one or more bores 453. Each bore 453 may define an opening through housing 450. For example, each bore 453 may be defined by one or more walls 454 of housing 450. Each wall 454 may define an interior surface of housing 450 separating the one or more bores 453.

[0099] In various embodiments, a bore 453 may comprise a coating or secondary material. The coating or secondary material may cover at least a portion of the inner surface of a bore 453. For example, a bore 453 may comprise a rubber gasket configured to provide waterproofing and / or shock absorption. As a further example, a bore 453 may comprise an O-ring, radial seal, or the like. A bore 453 may comprise any suitable size or shape configured to receive a cartridge 490 such as, for example, a square shape, a cylindrical shape, a hexagonal shape, and / or the like.

[0100] In various embodiments, a bore 453 may comprise a first cartridge stop 465. First cartridge stop 465 may define a radially inward protrusion in the bore 453 between first end 451 and second end 452. First cartridge stop 465 may be configured to contact cartridge 490 at a first location on cartridge 490 to position cartridge 490 within bore 453 (e.g., as depicted in FIG. 4B).

[0101] The bore 453 may define one or more portions (e.g., inner portions, sections, etc.) relative to first cartridge stop 465. For example, the bore 453 may define a first portion 461. First portion 461 may be defined from second end 452 to first cartridge stop 465. The bore may define a second portion. The second portion may be defined from first cartridge stop 465 to first end 451. First portion 461 may comprise different dimensions than the second portion.

[0102] In various embodiments, a bore 453 may comprise first cartridge stop 465 and a second cartridge stop 466. As previously discussed, first cartridge stop 465 may define a radially inward protrusion (e.g., a first radially inward protrusion) in the bore 453 between first end 451 and second end 452. First cartridge stop 465 may be configured to contact cartridge 490 at a first location on the cartridge to position the cartridge within bore 453 (e.g., as depicted in FIG. 4B). Second cartridge stop 466 may define a radially inward protrusion (e.g., a second radially inward protrusion) in the bore 453 proximate first end 451. Second cartridge stop 466 may be configured to contact cartridge 490 at a second location on the cartridge (e.g., as depicted in FIG. 4B). The second location may be different from the first location. The second location may comprise an end (e.g., a deployment end) of cartridge 490. In that regard, first cartridge stop 465 may be configured to contact cartridge 490 at a first location on the body of cartridge 490 whereas second cartridge stop 466 may be configured to contact cartridge 490 at a second location on an end of cartridge 490.

[0103] The bore 453 may define one or more portions (e.g., inner portions, sections, etc.) relative to first cartridge stop 465 and second cartridge stop 466. For example, the bore 453 may define first portion 461, a second portion 462, and a third portion 463. As previously discussed, first portion 461 may be defined from second end 452 to first cartridge stop 465. Second portion 462 may be defined from first cartridge stop 465 to second cartridge stop 466. Third portion 463 may be defined from second cartridge stop 466 to first end 451. Each of first portion 461, second portion 462, and third portion 463 may comprise different dimensions.

[0104] In various embodiments, housing 450 may comprise a plurality of structures. For example, housing 450 may comprise a forward body 456 (e.g., forward end, first magazine end, etc.), a strike plate 470, and / or an aft body 458 (e.g., aft end, second magazine end, etc.). Forward body 456 may define first end 451 of housing 450. Aft body 458 may define second end 452 of housing 450. Strike plate 470 may be coupled to forward body 456 and aft body 458. For example, a forward surface of strike plate 470 may be coupled to forward body 456 and an aft surface of strike plate 470 may be coupled to aft body 458.

[0105] In various embodiments, couplings of the plurality of structures of housing 450 (e.g., couplings of forward body 456 to strike plate 470, strike plate 470 to aft body 458, etc.) may include sealants, coatings, secondary materials, layers, and / or the like for weatherproofing, waterproofing, and / or hermetic sealing of an interior of housing 450. For example, one or more couplings of the plurality of structure of housing 450 may include an adhesive seal, a sealing tape, a rubber gasket, an O-ring or radial seal, and / or the like.

[0106] In various embodiments, bores 453 may be defined through each of forward body 456, strike plate 470, and aft body 458. Walls 454 may be defined through each of forward body 456, strike plate 470, and aft body 458. Each first cartridge stop 465 may be defined within a respective bore 453 within strike plate 470. Each second cartridge stop 466 may be defined within a respective bore 453 within forward body 456.

[0107] In various embodiments, magazine 412 may comprise an impact absorber 480 (e.g., a magazine impact absorber). Impact absorber 480 may be similar to any other impact absorber, magazine impact absorber, or the like disclosed herein. Impact absorber 480 may be configured to receive a force in response to a deployment of a cartridge. Impact absorber 480 may comprise any suitable size, shape, orientation, material, and / or the like configured to receive the force. For example, impact absorber 480 may comprise a spring. Impact absorber 480 may comprise a wave spring, a coil spring, and / or the like.

[0108] In various embodiments, impact absorber 480 may comprise an opening. The opening may be defined through impact absorber 480. The opening may be sized and shaped to receive an end of a cartridge. For example, the opening may be sized and shaped to receive a first end and / or an elongated portion of a cartridge, as discussed further herein. The opening may comprise any suitable shape. For example, the opening may comprise a cylindrical shape.

[0109] In various embodiments, impact absorber 480 may be positioned within a bore 453. In that respect, impact absorber 480 may be sized and shaped to be positioned within a bore 453. Impact absorber 480 may comprise an outer diameter smaller than an inner diameter of a bore 453. Impact absorber 480 may be positioned within a bore 453 within strike plate 470. Impact absorber 480 may be positioned against a first cartridge stop 465. For example, a forward surface of impact absorber 480 may be positioned against the first cartridge stop 465.

[0110] In some embodiments, an impact absorber 480 may be positioned within each bore 453 of magazine 412. In that regard, a number of impact absorbers in magazine 412 may be equal to a number of bores of magazine 412.

[0111] In some embodiments, an impact absorber 480 may be positioned within less than each bore 453 of magazine 412. In that regard, a number of impact absorbers in magazine 412 may be less than a number of bores of magazine 412.

[0112] In some embodiments, a plurality of impact absorbers 480 may be positioned within a same bore 453 of magazine 412. For example, a first impact absorber may be positioned within bore 453 at a first location and a second impact absorber may be positioned within bore 453 at a second location. The first location may be different from the second location. For example, the first location may be against a first cartridge stop 465 and the second location may be against a second cartridge stop 466. In that regard, a number of impact absorbers in magazine 412 may be greater than a number of bores of magazine 412.

[0113] In various embodiments, cartridge 490 may be similar to any other cartridge disclosed herein. Cartridge 490 may comprise a body having a first end 491 (e.g., a deployment end) opposite a second end 492 (e.g., a contact end). Cartridge 490 may comprise a cylindrical shape. Cartridge 490 may comprise a monolithic structure. Cartridge 490 may comprise separate structures coupled together to form a singular body. Cartridge 490 may be sized and shaped to be received within a bore 453.

[0114] Cartridge 490 may comprise a wide portion 494 (e.g., a base) and an elongated portion 496 (e.g., a firing tube). Wide portion 494 may define second end 492. Elongated portion 496 may define first end 491. Wide portion 494 and elongated portion 496 may comprise different dimensions. Cartridge 490 may define a step between (and separating) wide portion 494 and elongated portion 496. The step may define an outer surface of cartridge 490 extending radially inward relative to wide portion 494. The step may define an outer surface of cartridge 490 extending radially outward relative to elongated body 576. In that regard, wide portion 494 may define a portion of cartridge 490 from second end 552 to the step and elongated portion 496 may define a portion of cartridge 490 from first end 551 to the step.

[0115] The step may define an axial surface of cartridge 490 configured to contact an impact absorber. In various embodiments, the step may define an axial surface configured to contact a magazine impact absorber. In various embodiments, the step may define an axial surface configured to contact a cartridge impact absorber.

[0116] In various embodiments, cartridge 490 may comprise a cartridge impact absorber 498. Cartridge impact absorber 498 may be similar to any impact absorber, cartridge impact absorber, and / or the like disclosed herein. Cartridge impact absorber 498 may be slidably coupled to cartridge 490. Cartridge impact absorber 498 may be sized and shaped to couple to an outer surface of cartridge 490. For example, cartridge impact absorber 498 may comprise a ring shape, a partial ring shape, a full ring shape, and / or the like. Cartridge impact absorber 498 may be configured to couple to elongated portion 496. In some embodiments, cartridge impact absorber 498 may be configured to slide over elongated portion 496 to couple to elongated portion 496. Cartridge impact absorber 498 may couple to elongated portion 496 proximate the step. Cartridge impact absorber 498 may contact the step while coupled to elongated portion 496. In various embodiments, cartridge impact absorber 498 may be coupled to cartridge 490 radially outward from elongated portion 496. Cartridge impact absorber 498 may be coupled to cartridge 490 axially forward wide portion 494. Cartridge impact absorber 498 may be configured to receive a force in response to a deployment of cartridge 490.

[0117] Although depicted in FIG. 4B as comprising a cartridge impact absorber 498, in various embodiments a cartridge 490 may not comprise a cartridge impact absorber. In that regard, in response to the cartridge 490 being inserted within a bore 453 the step of the cartridge 490 may be configured to contact an impact absorber 480 within the bore 453.

[0118] In operation, and in accordance with various embodiments, a cartridge 490 may be inserted into a bore 453. As cartridge 490 is inserted into bore 493, first end 491 and / or elongated portion 496 may insert into and pass through an opening of impact absorber 480. In some embodiments, impact absorber 480 may contact a step of cartridge 490 defining wide portion 494. An aft surface of impact absorber 480 may contact and position against a forward surface of the step of cartridge 490. In some embodiments, impact absorber 480 may contact cartridge impact absorber 498 of cartridge 490. An aft surface of impact absorber 480 may contact and position against a forward surface of cartridge impact absorber 498 of cartridge 490.

[0119] In that regard, and in accordance with various embodiments, a forward surface of impact absorber 480 may contact a first cartridge stop 465 while an aft surface of impact absorber 480 may contact cartridge 490 (or cartridge impact absorber 498 of cartridge 490). Impact absorber 480 may at least partially compress between first cartridge stop 465 and cartridge 490 (or cartridge impact absorber 498 of cartridge 490).

[0120] In response to a deployment of cartridge 490, cartridge 490 may translate in a forward direction within bore 453 (e.g., recoil imparted by the deployment). As cartridge 490 translates in the forward direction, impact absorber 480 may compress. Compression of impact absorber 480 may cause impact absorber 480 to receive and distribute the recoil force from cartridge 490.

[0121] In various embodiments, impact absorber 480 may comprise an inner diameter greater than an outer diameter of elongated portion 496. Impact absorber 480 may comprise an inner diameter less than an outer diameter of wide portion 494. Impact absorber 480 may comprise an inner diameter less than an outer diameter of wide portion 494 at the step of cartridge 490.

[0122] In some embodiments, impact absorber 480 may comprise an outer diameter similar to an outer diameter of wide portion 494. In some embodiments, impact absorber 480 may comprise an outer diameter greater than an outer diameter of wide portion 494. In some embodiments, impact absorber 480 may comprise an outer diameter less than an outer diameter of wide portion 494.

[0123] In various embodiments, and with reference to FIGS. 5A and 5B, a magazine 512 is disclosed. Magazine 512 may be similar to any other magazine disclosed herein. Magazine 512 may be similar to magazine 412, with brief reference to FIGS. 4A and 4B. Magazine 512 may comprise housing 450 having first end 451 and second end 452. Housing 450 may define bores 453. Bores 453 may be defined by walls 454. Each bore 453 may comprise various portions including first portion 461, second portion 462, and / or third portion 464. Each bore 453 may comprise first cartridge stop 465. In some embodiments, each bore 453 may also comprise second cartridge stop 466. Housing 450 may comprise a plurality of structures. For example, housing 450 may comprise forward body 456, a strike plate 570, and / or aft body 458.

[0124] In various embodiments, strike plate 570 may be similar to any other strike plate disclosed herein. Strike plate 570 may comprise a forward plate 572 and a retaining plate 582. A forward surface of forward plate 572 may be coupled to an aft surface of forward body 456. An aft surface of forward plate 572 may be coupled to a forward surface of retaining plate 582. An aft surface of forward plate 572 may be coupled to a forward surface of aft body 458. A radially inner surface of forward plate 572 proximate the coupling of forward plate 572 and aft body 458 may be coupled to a radially outer surface of retaining plate 582. A forward surface of retaining plate 582 may be coupled to an aft surface of forward plate 572. An aft surface of retaining plate 582 may be coupled to a forward surface of aft body 458. A radially outer surface of retaining plate 582 between the coupling of retaining plate 582 and forward plate 572 and the coupling of retaining plate 582 and aft body 458 may be coupled to a radially inner surface of forward plate 572.

[0125] In various embodiments, couplings of the plurality of structures of housing 450 (e.g., couplings of forward body 456 to strike plate 570, strike plate 570 to aft body 458, forward body 456 to forward plate 572, forward plate 572 to retaining plate 582, forward plate 572 to aft body 458, retaining plate 582 to aft body 458, etc.) may include sealants, coatings, secondary materials, layers, and / or the like for weatherproofing, waterproofing, and / or hermetic sealing of an interior of housing 450. For example, one or more couplings of the plurality of structure of housing 450 may include an adhesive seal, a sealing tape, a rubber gasket, an O-ring or radial seal, and / or the like.

[0126] In various embodiments, bores 453 may be defined through each of forward body 456, strike plate 570 (including forward plate 572 and retaining plate 582), and aft body 458. Walls 454 may be defined through each of forward body 456, strike plate 570 (including forward plate 572), and aft body 458. Each first cartridge stop 465 may be defined within a respective bore 453 within strike plate 570. Each first cartridge stop 465 may be defined within a respective bore 453 within forward plate 572. Each second cartridge stop 466 may be defined within a respective bore 453 within forward body 456.

[0127] In various embodiments, forward plate 572 may comprise a plurality of forward plate openings 573. Each forward plate opening 573 may extend through forward plate 572. Each forward plate opening 573 may be aligned with a bore 453. Each forward plate opening 573 may form a portion of each bore 453. For example, a passage through forward body 456, a forward plate opening 573, a passage through retaining plate 582 (e.g., retaining plate opening 583), and a passage through aft body 458 may collectively form a bore 453. In that regard, a number of forward plate openings 573 may be equal to a number of bores 453 of magazine 512.

[0128] In various embodiments, forward plate 572 may comprise a recessed surface 574. Recessed surface 574 may be defined on an aft surface of forward plate 572. Recessed surface 574 may sized and shaped to receive retaining plate 582. Recessed surface 574 may be sized and shaped to receive retaining plate 582 such that a radial border of the aft surface of forward plate 572 that defines recessed surface 574 may be at least partially aligned with an aft surface of retaining plate 582 in response to forward plate 572 being coupled to retaining plate 582. In some embodiments, recessed surface 574 may be configured to receive and align retaining plate 582.

[0129] In various embodiments, retaining plate 582 may be configured to position and / or retain one or more impact absorbers 480. For example, retaining plate 582 may be configured to retain an impact absorber 480 against a first cartridge stop 465 in response to a bore 453 receiving a cartridge. Retaining plate 582 may be configured to retain an impact absorber 480 against a first cartridge stop 465 before, during, and after deployment of a cartridge from a bore 453. Retaining plate 582 may be configured to retain an impact absorber 480 against a first cartridge stop 465 between separate deployments of different cartridges from a same bore 453. As a further example, retaining plate 582 may be configured to retain an impact absorber 480 in position within a bore 453 in response to the bore 453 receiving a cartridge. Retaining plate 582 may be configured to retain an impact absorber 480 in position within a bore 453 before, during, and after deployment of a cartridge from a bore 453. Retaining plate 582 may be configured to retain an impact absorber 480 in position within a bore 453 between separate deployments of different cartridges from a same bore 453.

[0130] In various embodiments, retaining plate 582 may comprise a plurality of retaining plate openings 583. Each retaining plate opening 583 may extend through retaining plate 582. Each retaining plate opening 583 may be aligned with a bore 453. Each retaining plate opening 583 may be coaxial with a bore 453. Each retaining plate opening 583 may be aligned with a forward plate opening 573. Each retaining plate opening 583 may be aligned with a forward plate opening 573 in response to retaining plate 582 being coupled within recessed surface 574 of forward plate 572. Each retaining plate opening 583 may be coaxial with a forward plate opening 573.

[0131] In various embodiments, each retaining plate opening 583 may form a portion of each bore 453. For example, a passage through forward body 456, a forward plate opening 573, retaining plate opening 583, and a passage through aft body 458 may collectively form a bore 453. In that regard, a number of retaining plate openings 583 may be equal to a number of bores 453 of magazine 512. A diameter of each retaining plate opening 583 may be similar to or equal to a diameter of each bore 453.

[0132] In various embodiments, each retaining plate opening 583 may be configured to retain an impact absorber 480. For example, each retaining plate opening 583 may comprise a diameter smaller than a diameter of bore 453 (e.g., a retaining plate opening 583 comprises a first diameter, a bore comprises a second diameter, and the first diameter is less than the second diameter). In that regard, a portion of the surface defining each retaining plate opening 583 may extend radially inward within each bore 453. Each retaining plate opening 583 may comprise a diameter smaller than an outer diameter of an impact absorber 480 (e.g., a retaining plate opening 583 comprises a first diameter, an impact absorber comprises an outer diameter, and the first diameter is less than the outer diameter). In that regard, the portion of the surface defining each retaining plate opening 583 may extend radially inward within each impact absorber 480. The portion of the surface may interfere with movement of impact absorber 480 to retain impact absorber 480.

[0133] In various embodiments, retaining plate 582 may comprise a plurality of retaining tabs 586. Each retaining tab 596 may be positioned within a retaining plate opening 583. Each retaining tab 596 may extend radially inward within a retaining plate opening 583. In that regard, a diameter of retaining plate opening 583 at a retaining tab 596 may be less than a diameter of retaining plate opening 583 without a retaining tab 596. In some embodiments, each retaining tab 596 may be positioned within a retaining plate opening 583. In that regard, a number of retaining tabs 596 may be equal to a number of retaining plate openings 583. In some embodiments, a plurality of retaining tabs 596 may be positioned within each retaining plate opening 583. In that regard, a number of retaining tabs 596 may be greater than a number of retaining plate openings 583.

[0134] In various embodiments, a retaining tab 586 may be configured to retain an impact absorber 480. For example, each retaining plate opening 583 at a retaining tab 586 may comprise a diameter smaller than an outer diameter of an impact absorber 480 (e.g., a retaining plate opening 583 at a retaining tab 586 comprises a first diameter, an impact absorber comprises an outer diameter, and the first diameter is less than the outer diameter). In that regard, the retaining tab 586 may extend radially inward within each impact absorber 480. The retaining tab 586 may interfere with movement of impact absorber 480 to retain impact absorber 480.

[0135] In various embodiments, and with reference to FIG. 6, a magazine 612 is disclosed. Magazine 612 may be similar to any other magazine disclosed herein. Magazine 612 may be similar to magazine 412, with brief reference to FIGS. 4A and 4B. Magazine 612 may be similar to magazine 512, with brief reference to FIGS. 5A and 5B. Magazine 612 may comprise housing 450 having first end 451 and second end 452. Housing 450 may define bores 453. Bores 453 may be defined by walls 454. Each bore 453 may comprise various portions including first portion 461, second portion 462, and / or third portion 464. Each bore 453 may comprise first cartridge stop 465. In some embodiments, each bore 453 may also comprise second cartridge stop 466. Housing 450 may comprise a plurality of structures. For example, housing 450 may comprise forward body 456, a strike plate 670, and / or aft body 458.

[0136] In various embodiments, strike plate 670 may be similar to any other strike plate disclosed herein. Strike plate 670 may comprise a forward plate 672 and an aft plate 682. A forward surface of forward plate 672 may be coupled to an aft surface of forward body 456. An aft surface of forward plate 672 may be coupled to a forward surface of aft plate 682. A forward surface of aft plate 682 may be coupled to an aft surface of forward plate 672. An aft surface of aft plate 682 may be coupled to a forward surface of aft body 458.

[0137] In various embodiments, couplings of the plurality of structures of housing 450 (e.g., couplings of forward body 456 to strike plate 670, strike plate 670 to aft body 458, forward body 456 to forward plate 672, forward plate 672 to aft plate 682, aft plate 682 to aft body 458, etc.) may include sealants, coatings, secondary materials, layers, and / or the like for weatherproofing, waterproofing, and / or hermetic sealing of an interior of housing 450. For example, one or more couplings of the plurality of structure of housing 450 may include an adhesive seal, a sealing tape, a rubber gasket, an O-ring or radial seal, and / or the like.

[0138] In various embodiments, bores 453 may be defined through each of forward body 456, strike plate 670 (including forward plate 672 and aft plate 682), and aft body 458. Walls 454 may be defined through each of forward body 456, strike plate 670 (including forward plate 672 and aft plate 682), and aft body 458. Each first cartridge stop 465 may be defined within a respective bore 453 within strike plate 670. Each first cartridge stop 465 may be defined within a respective bore 453 within forward plate 672. Each second cartridge stop 466 may be defined within a respective bore 453 within forward body 456.

[0139] In various embodiments, forward plate 672 may be similar to any other forward plate disclosed herein. In various embodiments, aft plate 682 may be similar to any other aft plate or the like disclosed herein.

[0140] In various embodiments, forward plate 672 may comprise a plurality of forward plate openings 673. The forward plate openings 673 may be similar to any other forward plate opening disclosed herein. Each forward plate opening 673 may extend through forward plate 672. Each forward plate opening 673 may be aligned with a bore 453. Each forward plate opening 673 may form a portion of each bore 653. For example, a passage through forward body 456, a forward plate opening 673, a passage through aft plate 682 (e.g., aft plate opening 683), and a passage through aft body 458 may collectively form a bore 453. In that regard, a number of forward plate openings 673 may be equal to a number of bores 453 of magazine 612.

[0141] In various embodiments, forward plate 672 may comprise a recessed surface 674 (e.g., a forward plate recessed surface, a forward recessed surface, etc.). Recessed surface 674 may be defined on an aft surface of forward plate 672. Recessed surface 674 may define first cartridge stop 465. Recessed surface 674 may be configured and sized and shaped to receive a forward end of an impact absorber 480. In some embodiments, recessed surface 674 may be configured to receive a forward half of an impact absorber 480. A diameter of recessed surface 674 (e.g., a forward plate recessed surface diameter) may be smaller than a diameter of forward plate opening 673 (e.g., a forward plate opening diameter) (e.g., recessed surface 674 comprises a first diameter, forward plate opening 673 comprises a second diameter, and the first diameter is less than the second diameter).

[0142] In various embodiments, aft plate 682 may comprise a plurality of aft plate openings 683. The aft plate openings 683 may be similar to any other aft plate opening disclosed herein. Each aft plate opening 683 may extend through aft plate 682. Each aft plate opening 683 may be aligned with a bore 453. Each aft plate opening 683 may be aligned with a forward plate opening 673. Each aft plate opening 683 may form a portion of each bore 653. For example, a passage through forward body 456, a forward plate opening 673, an aft plate opening 683, and a passage through aft body 458 may collectively form a bore 453. In that regard, a number of aft plate openings 683 may be equal to a number of bores 453 of magazine 612.

[0143] In various embodiments, aft plate opening 683 and forward plate opening 673 may comprise different dimensions. For example, aft plate opening 683 and forward plate opening 673 may comprise different diameters. A diameter of aft plate opening 683 may be larger than a diameter of forward plate opening 673 (e.g., aft plate opening 683 comprises a first diameter, forward plate opening 673 comprises a second diameter, and the first diameter is greater than the second diameter).

[0144] In various embodiments, aft plate 682 may comprise a recessed surface 684 (e.g., an aft plate recessed surface, an aft recessed surface, etc.). Recessed surface 684 may be defined on a forward surface of aft plate 682. Recessed surface 684 may be configured and sized and shaped to receive an aft end of an impact absorber 480. In some embodiments, recessed surface 684 may be configured to receive an aft half of an impact absorber 480. A diameter of recessed surface 684 (e.g., an aft plate recessed surface diameter) may be smaller than a diameter of aft plate opening 683 (e.g., an aft plate opening diameter) (e.g., recessed surface 684 comprises a first diameter, aft plate opening 683 comprises a second diameter, and the first diameter is less than the second diameter).

[0145] In that regard, and in accordance with various embodiments, forward recessed surface 674 and aft recessed surface 684 may be configured to position and / or retain an impact absorber. Forward recessed surface 674 and aft recessed surface 684 may be configured to limit movement of impact absorber 480 in axial or radial directions. For example, forward recessed surface 674 and aft recessed surface 684 may be configured to retain an impact absorber 480 against a first cartridge stop 465 in response to a bore 453 receiving a cartridge. Forward recessed surface 674 and aft recessed surface 684 may be configured to retain an impact absorber 480 against a first cartridge stop 465 before, during, and after deployment of a cartridge from a bore 453. Forward recessed surface 674 and aft recessed surface 684 may be configured to retain an impact absorber 480 against a first cartridge stop 465 between separate deployments of different cartridges from a same bore 453. As a further example, forward recessed surface 674 and aft recessed surface 684 may be configured to retain an impact absorber 480 in position within a bore 453 in response to the bore 453 receiving a cartridge. Forward recessed surface 674 and aft recessed surface 684 may be configured to retain an impact absorber 480 in position within a bore 453 before, during, and after deployment of a cartridge from a bore 453. Forward recessed surface 674 and aft recessed surface 684 may be configured to retain an impact absorber 480 in position within a bore 453 between separate deployments of different cartridges from a same bore 453.

[0146] In various embodiments, forward recessed surface 674 and aft recessed surface 684 may comprise similar dimensions. For example, an inner diameter of forward recessed surface 674 may be similar to or the same as (e.g., equivalent to, equal to, etc.) an inner diameter and aft recessed surface 684. As a further example, an inner width of forward recessed surface 674 may be similar to or the same as (e.g., equivalent to, equal to, etc.) an inner width and aft recessed surface 684. In that regard, forward recessed surface 674 and aft recessed surface 684 may define a chamber having consistent and symmetrical dimensions. The chamber may be configured and sized and shaped to receive the impact absorber 480. The chamber may be configured and sized and shaped to retain the impact absorber 480.

[0147] In various embodiments, a magazine for a projectile launcher is disclosed. The magazine may comprise a body comprising a first end opposite a second end. The magazine may comprise a bore defining an opening through the body. The bore may be configured to receive a cartridge. The magazine may comprise an impact absorber positioned within the bore. In response to the bore receiving the cartridge an axially forward surface of the cartridge may be configured to contact the impact absorber.

[0148] In various embodiments of the above magazine, in response to the bore receiving the cartridge a deployment end of the cartridge may be configured to insert through the impact absorber. The impact absorber may comprise an inner diameter, and the inner diameter may be greater than a diameter of the cartridge at the deployment end of the cartridge. The impact absorber may comprise an inner diameter, the cartridge may comprise a contact end opposite the deployment end, and the inner diameter may be less than a diameter of the cartridge at the contact end of the cartridge. The impact absorber may comprise an inner diameter, the cartridge may comprise a contact end opposite the deployment end, the inner diameter may be greater than a first diameter of the cartridge at the deployment end of the cartridge, and the inner diameter may be less than a second diameter of the cartridge at the contact end of the cartridge.

[0149] In various embodiments of the above magazine, in response to a deployment of the cartridge the impact absorber may be configured to receive a recoil force from the cartridge. In response to receiving the recoil force the impact absorber may be configured to compress. The magazine may further comprise a cartridge stop defined in the bore, and a forward surface of the impact absorber may be positioned against the cartridge stop. The impact absorber may comprise a spring. The impact absorber may comprise a wave spring.

[0150] In various embodiments, a projectile launcher is disclosed. The projectile launcher may comprise a handle and a magazine configured to couple to the handle. The magazine may comprise a body comprising a first end opposite a second end. The magazine may comprise a bore defining an opening through the body. The bore may be configured to receive a cartridge. The magazine may comprise an impact absorber positioned within the bore. In response to the bore receiving the cartridge an axially forward surface of the cartridge may be configured to contact the impact absorber.

[0151] In various embodiments of the above projectile launcher, in response to the bore receiving the cartridge a deployment end of the cartridge may be configured to insert through the impact absorber. The impact absorber may comprise an inner diameter, and the inner diameter may be greater than a diameter of the cartridge at the deployment end of the cartridge. The impact absorber may comprise an inner diameter, the cartridge may comprise a contact end opposite the deployment end, and the inner diameter may be less than a diameter of the cartridge at the contact end of the cartridge. The impact absorber may comprise an inner diameter, the cartridge may comprise a contact end opposite the deployment end, the inner diameter may be greater than a first diameter of the cartridge at the deployment end of the cartridge, and the inner diameter may be less than a second diameter of the cartridge at the contact end of the cartridge.

[0152] In various embodiments of the above projectile launcher, in response to a deployment of the cartridge the impact absorber may be configured to receive a recoil force from the cartridge. In response to receiving the recoil force the impact absorber may be configured to compress. The magazine may further comprise a cartridge stop defined in the bore, and a forward surface of the impact absorber may be positioned against the cartridge stop. The impact absorber may comprise a spring. In response to the magazine being coupled to the handle, the impact absorber may be configured to compress against the cartridge.

[0153] In various embodiments, a magazine for a projectile launcher is disclosed. The magazine may comprise a body. The body may comprise a forward body end opposite an aft body end. The body may comprise a strike plate positioned between the forward body end and the aft body end. The strike plate may comprise a retaining plate. The magazine may comprise a bore defining an opening through the body. The bore may be configured to receive a cartridge. The magazine may comprise an impact absorber positioned within the bore and within the strike plate. The impact absorber may be retained within the bore by the retaining plate.

[0154] In various embodiments of the above magazine, in response to the bore receiving the cartridge an axially forward surface of the cartridge may be configured to contact an aft surface of the impact absorber. In response to the bore receiving the cartridge a deployment end of the cartridge may be configured to insert through the impact absorber. The strike plate may further comprise a forward plate coupled to at least one of a forward axial surface of the retaining plate or a radially outer surface of the retaining plate. The forward plate may comprise a cartridge stop defined in the bore within the forward plate, and a forward surface of the impact absorber may be positioned against the cartridge stop.

[0155] In various embodiments of the above magazine, the retaining plate may comprise a retaining plate opening, and the retaining plate opening may be aligned with the bore. The impact absorber may comprise an outer diameter, the retaining plate opening may comprise a diameter, and the diameter may be less than the outer diameter. The impact absorber may comprise an inner diameter, the retaining plate opening may comprise a diameter, and the diameter may be greater than or equal to the inner diameter. An outer surface of the retaining plate opening may extend radially inward to retain the impact absorber. The retaining plate may comprise a retaining tab extending radially inward from the retaining plate opening, and the retaining plate may be configured to retain the impact absorber.

[0156] In various embodiments, a projectile launcher is disclosed. The projectile launcher may comprise a handle and a magazine configured to couple to the handle. The magazine may comprise a body. The body may comprise a forward body end opposite an aft body end. The body may comprise a strike plate positioned between the forward body end and the aft body end. The strike plate may comprise a retaining plate. The magazine may comprise a bore defining an opening through the body. The bore may be configured to receive a cartridge. The magazine may comprise an impact absorber positioned within the bore and within the strike plate. The impact absorber may be retained within the bore by the retaining plate.

[0157] In various embodiments of the above projectile launcher, in response to the bore receiving the cartridge an axially forward surface of the cartridge may be configured to contact an aft surface of the impact absorber. In response to the bore receiving the cartridge a deployment end of the cartridge may be configured to insert through the impact absorber. The strike plate may further comprise a forward plate coupled to at least one of a forward axial surface of the retaining plate or a radially outer surface of the retaining plate. The forward plate may comprise a cartridge stop defined in the bore within the forward plate, and a forward surface of the impact absorber may be positioned against the cartridge stop.

[0158] In various embodiments of the above projectile launcher, the retaining plate may comprise a retaining plate opening, and the retaining plate opening may be aligned with the bore. The impact absorber may comprise an outer diameter, the retaining plate opening may comprise a diameter, and the diameter may be less than the outer diameter. The impact absorber may comprise an inner diameter, the retaining plate opening may comprise a diameter, and the diameter may be greater than or equal to the inner diameter. An outer surface of the retaining plate opening may extend radially inward to retain the impact absorber. The retaining plate may comprise a retaining tab extending radially inward from the retaining plate opening, and the retaining plate may be configured to retain the impact absorber.

[0159] In various embodiments, a magazine for a projectile launcher is disclosed. The magazine may comprise a body. The body may comprise a forward body end opposite an aft body end. The body may comprise a strike plate positioned between the forward body end and the aft body end. The strike plate may comprise a forward plate and an aft plate. The magazine may comprise a bore defining an opening through the body. The bore may be configured to receive a cartridge. The magazine may comprise an impact absorber positioned within the bore within the strike plate. The impact absorber may be retained in position between the forward plate and the aft plate.

[0160] In various embodiments of the above magazine, a forward surface of the impact absorber may be positioned against an aft surface of the forward plate. An aft surface of the impact absorber may be positioned against a forward surface of the aft plate. A forward surface of the impact absorber may be positioned in contact with the forward plate, and an aft surface of the impact absorber may be positioned in contact with the aft plate. The forward plate may comprise a forward plate opening, the aft plate may comprise an aft plate opening, and the forward plate opening and the aft plate opening may be aligned with the bore. The forward plate opening may comprise a first diameter, the aft plate opening may comprise a second diameter, the impact absorber may comprise an outer diameter, and the outer diameter may be greater than each of the first diameter and the second diameter.

[0161] In various embodiments of the above magazine, the forward plate may define a forward plate recessed surface, the aft plate may define an aft plate recessed surface, and the impact absorber may be positioned within the forward plate recessed surface and the aft plate recessed surface. The forward plate may comprise a forward plate opening, the aft plate may comprise an aft plate opening, and the forward plate opening and the aft plate opening may be aligned with the bore. The forward plate opening at the forward plate recessed surface may comprise a first diameter, the aft plate opening at the aft plate recessed surface may comprise a second diameter, and the first diameter may be the same as the second diameter. The forward plate opening may comprise a first diameter, the aft plate opening may comprise a second diameter, and the first diameter may be less than the second diameter.

[0162] In various embodiments, a projectile launcher is disclosed. The projectile launcher may comprise a handle and a magazine configured to couple to the handle. The magazine may comprise a body. The body may comprise a forward body end opposite an aft body end. The body may comprise a strike plate positioned between the forward body end and the aft body end. The strike plate may comprise a forward plate and an aft plate. The magazine may comprise a bore defining an opening through the body. The bore may be configured to receive a cartridge. The magazine may comprise an impact absorber positioned within the bore within the strike plate. The impact absorber may be retained in position between the forward plate and the aft plate.

[0163] In various embodiments of the above projectile launcher, a forward surface of the impact absorber may be positioned against an aft surface of the forward plate. An aft surface of the impact absorber may be positioned against a forward surface of the aft plate. A forward surface of the impact absorber may be positioned in contact with the forward plate, and an aft surface of the impact absorber may be positioned in contact with the aft plate. The forward plate may comprise a forward plate opening, the aft plate may comprise an aft plate opening, and the forward plate opening and the aft plate opening may be aligned with the bore. The forward plate opening may comprise a first diameter, the aft plate opening may comprise a second diameter, the impact absorber may comprise an outer diameter, and the outer diameter may be greater than each of the first diameter and the second diameter.

[0164] In various embodiments of the above projectile launcher, the forward plate may define a forward plate recessed surface, the aft plate may define an aft plate recessed surface, and the impact absorber may be positioned within the forward plate recessed surface and the aft plate recessed surface. The forward plate may comprise a forward plate opening, the aft plate may comprise an aft plate opening, and the forward plate opening and the aft plate opening may be aligned with the bore. The forward plate opening at the forward plate recessed surface may comprise a first diameter, the aft plate opening at the aft plate recessed surface may comprise a second diameter, and the first diameter may be the same as the second diameter. The forward plate opening may comprise a first diameter, the aft plate opening may comprise a second diameter, and the first diameter may be less than the second diameter.

[0165] In various embodiments, a magazine for a projectile launcher is disclosed. The magazine may comprise a body comprising a first end opposite a second end. The magazine may comprise a bore defining an opening through the body. The bore may be configured to receive a cartridge. The cartridge may comprise a cartridge impact absorber positioned on a deployment end of the cartridge. The magazine may comprise a magazine impact absorber positioned within the bore. In response to the bore receiving the cartridge an axially forward surface of the cartridge impact absorber may be configured to contact an axially aft surface of the magazine impact absorber.

[0166] In various embodiments of the above magazine, in response to the bore receiving the cartridge the deployment end of the cartridge may be configured to insert through the magazine impact absorber. In response to a deployment of the cartridge the magazine impact absorber and the cartridge impact absorber may be configured to receive a recoil force from the cartridge. The magazine impact absorber may be different from the cartridge impact absorber. The magazine impact absorber may comprise a first physical dimension, the cartridge impact absorber may comprise a second physical dimension, and the first physical dimension may be different from the second physical dimension. The magazine impact absorber may comprise a first physical attribute, the cartridge impact absorber may comprise a second physical attribute, and the first physical attribute may be different from the second physical attribute. The magazine impact absorber may comprise a first material, the cartridge impact absorber may comprise a second material, and the first material may be different from the second material. The magazine impact absorber may comprise a spring, and the cartridge impact absorber may comprise a non-metallic band. The magazine impact absorber may comprise a wave spring, and the cartridge impact absorber may comprise a plastic band. The magazine impact absorber may comprise a first inner diameter, the cartridge impact absorber may comprise a second inner diameter, and the first inner diameter may be greater than or equal to the second inner diameter.

[0167] In various embodiments, a projectile launcher is disclosed. The projectile launcher may comprise a handle and a magazine configured to couple to the handle. The magazine may comprise a body comprising a first end opposite a second end. The magazine may comprise a bore defining an opening through the body. The bore may be configured to receive a cartridge. The cartridge may comprise a cartridge impact absorber positioned on a deployment end of the cartridge. The magazine may comprise a magazine impact absorber positioned within the bore. In response to the bore receiving the cartridge an axially forward surface of the cartridge impact absorber may be configured to contact an axially aft surface of the magazine impact absorber.

[0168] In various embodiments of the above projectile launcher, in response to the bore receiving the cartridge the deployment end of the cartridge may be configured to insert through the magazine impact absorber. In response to a deployment of the cartridge the magazine impact absorber and the cartridge impact absorber may be configured to receive a recoil force from the cartridge. The magazine impact absorber may be different from the cartridge impact absorber. The magazine impact absorber may comprise a first physical dimension, the cartridge impact absorber may comprise a second physical dimension, and the first physical dimension may be different from the second physical dimension. The magazine impact absorber may comprise a first physical attribute, the cartridge impact absorber may comprise a second physical attribute, and the first physical attribute may be different from the second physical attribute. The magazine impact absorber may comprise a first material, the cartridge impact absorber may comprise a second material, and the first material may be different from the second material. The magazine impact absorber may comprise a spring, and the cartridge impact absorber may comprise a non-metallic band. The magazine impact absorber may comprise a wave spring, and the cartridge impact absorber may comprise a plastic band. The magazine impact absorber may comprise a first inner diameter, the cartridge impact absorber may comprise a second inner diameter, and the first inner diameter may be greater than or equal to the second inner diameter.

[0169] Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described herein with regard to specific embodiments. Furthermore, the connecting lines shown in the various figures contained herein are intended to represent exemplary functional relationships and / or physical couplings between the various elements. It should be noted that many alternative or additional functional relationships or physical connections may be present in a practical system. However, the benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any elements that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become more pronounced are not to be construed as critical, required, or essential features or elements of the disclosures. The scope of the disclosure is accordingly to be limited by nothing other than the appended claims and their legal equivalents, in which reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless explicitly so stated, but rather “one or more.” Moreover, where a phrase similar to “at least one of A, B, or C” is used in the claims, it is intended that the phrase be interpreted to mean that A alone may be present in an embodiment, B alone may be present in an embodiment, C alone may be present in an embodiment, or that any combination of the elements A, B, and C may be present in a single embodiment; for example, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C.

[0170] Systems, methods, and apparatus are provided herein. In the detailed description herein, references to “various embodiments,”“one embodiment,”“an embodiment,”“an example embodiment,” etc., indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described. After reading the description, it will be apparent to one skilled in the relevant art(s) how to implement the disclosure in alternative embodiments. Furthermore, no element, component, or method step in the present disclosure is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether the element, component, or method step is explicitly recited in the claims. No claim element is intended to invoke 35 U.S.C. 112(f) unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for.” As used herein, the terms “comprises,”“comprising,” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Claims

1. A magazine for a projectile launcher comprising: a body comprising a first end opposite a second end;a bore defining an opening through the body, wherein the bore is configured to receive a cartridge; andan impact absorber positioned within the bore, wherein in response to the bore receiving the cartridge an axially forward surface of the cartridge is configured to contact the impact absorber.

2. The magazine of claim 1, wherein in response to the bore receiving the cartridge a deployment end of the cartridge is configured to insert through the impact absorber.

3. The magazine of claim 2, wherein the impact absorber comprises an inner diameter, and wherein the inner diameter is greater than a diameter of the cartridge at the deployment end of the cartridge.

4. The magazine of claim 2, wherein the impact absorber comprises an inner diameter, wherein the cartridge comprises a contact end opposite the deployment end, and wherein the inner diameter is less than a diameter of the cartridge at the contact end of the cartridge.

5. The magazine of claim 2, wherein the impact absorber comprises an inner diameter, wherein the cartridge comprises a contact end opposite the deployment end, wherein the inner diameter is greater than a first diameter of the cartridge at the deployment end of the cartridge, and wherein the inner diameter is less than a second diameter of the cartridge at the contact end of the cartridge.

6. The magazine of claim 1, wherein in response to a deployment of the cartridge the impact absorber is configured to receive a recoil force from the cartridge.

7. The magazine of claim 6, wherein in response to receiving the recoil force the impact absorber is configured to compress.

8. The magazine of claim 1, further comprising a cartridge stop defined in the bore, wherein a forward surface of the impact absorber is positioned against the cartridge stop.

9. The magazine of claim 1, wherein the impact absorber comprises a spring.

10. The magazine of claim 1, wherein the impact absorber comprises a wave spring.

11. A projectile launcher comprising: a handle; anda magazine configured to couple to the handle, the magazine comprising: a body comprising a first end opposite a second end; a bore defining an opening through the body, wherein the bore is configured to receive a cartridge; and an impact absorber positioned within the bore, wherein in response to the bore receiving the cartridge an axially forward surface of the cartridge is configured to contact the impact absorber.

12. The projectile launcher of claim 11, wherein in response to the bore receiving the cartridge a deployment end of the cartridge is configured to insert through the impact absorber.

13. The projectile launcher of claim 12, wherein the impact absorber comprises an inner diameter, and wherein the inner diameter is greater than a diameter of the cartridge at the deployment end of the cartridge.

14. The projectile launcher of claim 12, wherein the impact absorber comprises an inner diameter, wherein the cartridge comprises a contact end opposite the deployment end, and wherein the inner diameter is less than a diameter of the cartridge at the contact end of the cartridge.

15. The projectile launcher of claim 12, wherein the impact absorber comprises an inner diameter, wherein the cartridge comprises a contact end opposite the deployment end, wherein the inner diameter is greater than a first diameter of the cartridge at the deployment end of the cartridge, and wherein the inner diameter is less than a second diameter of the cartridge at the contact end of the cartridge.

16. The projectile launcher of claim 11, wherein in response to a deployment of the cartridge the impact absorber is configured to receive a recoil force from the cartridge.

17. The projectile launcher of claim 16, wherein in response to receiving the recoil force the impact absorber is configured to compress.

18. The projectile launcher of claim 11, wherein the magazine further comprises a cartridge stop defined in the bore, wherein a forward surface of the impact absorber is positioned against the cartridge stop.

19. The projectile launcher of claim 11, wherein the impact absorber comprises a spring.

20. The projectile launcher of claim 11, wherein in response to the magazine being coupled to the handle, the impact absorber is configured to compress against the cartridge.

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