Apparatus and method for managing battery

Abstract

An apparatus for managing a battery according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a profile acquisition unit configured to acquire a differential profile on the basis of the voltage and capacity of a battery; and a control unit configured to generate a comparative differential profile on the basis of a preset reference positive electrode profile and a preset reference negative electrode profile, and adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile so that the comparative differential profile corresponds to the differential profile, and determine an adjusted positive electrode profile and an adjusted negative electrode profile according to the adjustment result to be a positive electrode profile and a negative electrode profile of the battery, respectively.

Description

Battery management device and method

[0001] This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2022-0185034, filed December 26, 2022, and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0191446, filed December 26, 2023, the entire contents of which are disclosed in the specification and drawings of the above applications are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] The present invention relates to a battery management device and method, and more particularly, to a battery management device and method for estimating a positive and negative profile indicating the current state of a battery.

[0003] Recently, as the demand for portable electronic products such as laptops, video cameras, and mobile phones has rapidly increased, and the development of electric vehicles, energy storage batteries, robots, and satellites has been in full swing, research into high-performance batteries capable of repeated charging and discharging is actively being conducted.

[0004] Currently commercialized batteries include nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, nickel-zinc batteries, and lithium batteries. Among these, lithium batteries are receiving attention for their advantages of being able to charge and discharge freely, having a very low self-discharge rate, and having a high energy density, as they have almost no memory effect compared to nickel-based batteries.

[0005] While extensive research is being conducted on these batteries to improve capacity and density, improving lifespan and safety is also crucial. To improve battery safety, technology is required to accurately diagnose the current battery condition.

[0006] Typically, manufactured batteries are difficult to disassemble and assemble, making it extremely difficult to accurately measure the positive and negative states of a battery. Therefore, a technology is needed to estimate the current state of a battery by estimating the positive profile, which indicates the positive state of the battery, and the negative profile, which indicates the negative state of the battery.

[0007] The present invention has been devised to solve the above problems, and aims to provide a battery management device and method for more accurately estimating the positive and negative profiles of a battery.

[0008] Other objects and advantages of the present invention can be understood through the following description and will be more clearly understood through the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, it will be readily apparent that the objects and advantages of the present invention can be realized by the means and combinations thereof set forth in the claims.

[0009] A battery management device according to one aspect of the present invention may include a profile acquisition unit configured to acquire a differential profile based on a voltage and a capacity of a battery; and a control unit configured to generate a comparative differential profile based on a preset reference positive electrode profile and a preset reference negative electrode profile, adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile so that the comparative differential profile corresponds to the differential profile, and determine the adjusted positive electrode profile and the adjusted negative electrode profile according to the adjustment result as the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile of the battery, respectively.

[0010] The control unit may be configured to generate a comparison full-cell profile based on the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile, and to generate the comparison differential profile based on the generated comparison full-cell profile.

[0011] The control unit may be configured to calculate an error between the differential profile and the comparative differential profile, and adjust the reference anode profile and the reference cathode profile until the calculated error becomes minimal.

[0012] The above profile acquisition unit may be configured to acquire at least one of a first differential profile indicating a correspondence between the capacity of the battery and a differential voltage and a second differential profile indicating a correspondence between the voltage of the battery and a differential capacity.

[0013] The above profile acquisition unit may be configured to acquire the first differential profile and the second differential profile.

[0014] The control unit may be configured to generate a first comparative differential profile corresponding to the first differential profile and a second comparative differential profile corresponding to the second differential profile based on the reference anode profile and the reference cathode profile.

[0015] The control unit may be configured to generate a comparison full-cell profile based on the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile, differentiate the comparison full-cell profile with respect to capacity to generate the first comparison differential profile, and differentiate the comparison full-cell profile with respect to voltage to generate the second comparison differential profile.

[0016] The control unit may be configured to adjust the reference anode profile and the reference cathode profile based on a first error between the first differential profile and the first comparative differential profile and a second error between the second differential profile and the second comparative differential profile.

[0017] The control unit may be configured to adjust the reference positive profile and the reference negative profile until the sum of the first error and the second error becomes minimal.

[0018] A battery pack according to another aspect of the present invention may include a battery management device according to one aspect of the present invention.

[0019] A vehicle according to another aspect of the present invention may include a battery management device according to one aspect of the present invention.

[0020] According to another aspect of the present invention, a battery management method may include a profile acquisition step of acquiring a differential profile based on a voltage and a capacity of a battery; a comparative differential profile generation step of generating a comparative differential profile based on a preset reference positive electrode profile and a preset reference negative electrode profile; a profile adjustment step of adjusting the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile so that the comparative differential profile corresponds to the differential profile; and a profile determination step of determining an adjusted positive electrode profile and an adjusted negative electrode profile based on an adjustment result of the profile adjustment step as the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile of the battery, respectively.

[0021] According to one aspect of the present invention, the battery management device has an advantage in that it can determine a more accurate positive electrode profile and negative electrode profile of a battery by adjusting a reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile so that an error between a differential profile and a comparative differential profile is minimized.

[0022] The effects of the present invention are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description of the claims.

[0023] The following drawings attached to this specification serve to further understand the technical idea of ​​the present invention together with the detailed description of the invention described below, and therefore the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited to the matters described in such drawings.

[0024] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a battery management device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a first differential profile according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a second differential profile according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a reference anode profile and a reference cathode profile according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a battery profile and a comparative full cell profile according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a first differential profile and a first comparative differential profile according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] FIGS. 7 to 9 are diagrams illustrating an example of a process for adjusting a reference anode profile and a reference cathode profile according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] FIGS. 10 to 12 are diagrams illustrating other examples of a process for adjusting a reference anode profile and a reference cathode profile according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating a second differential profile and a second comparative differential profile according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] FIG. 14 is a schematic drawing of a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] FIG. 15 is a schematic drawing of a vehicle according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] FIG. 16 is a diagram schematically illustrating a battery management method according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Terms or words used in this specification and claims should not be interpreted as limited to their usual or dictionary meanings, but should be interpreted as meanings and concepts that conform to the technical idea of ​​the present invention, based on the principle that the inventor can appropriately define the concept of the term to explain his or her own invention in the best way.

[0037] Accordingly, the embodiments described in this specification and the configurations illustrated in the drawings are merely the most preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not represent all of the technical ideas of the present invention. Therefore, it should be understood that there may be various equivalents and modified examples that can replace them at the time of filing this application.

[0038] In addition, when describing the present invention, if it is determined that a detailed description of a related known configuration or function may obscure the gist of the present invention, the detailed description is omitted.

[0039] Terms that include ordinal numbers, such as first, second, etc., are used to distinguish one of the various components from the rest, and are not used to limit the components by such terms.

[0040] Throughout the specification, whenever a part is said to "include" a component, this does not mean that it excludes other components, but rather that it may include other components, unless otherwise stated.

[0041] Additionally, throughout the specification, when a part is said to be "connected" to another part, this includes not only cases where it is "directly connected" but also cases where it is "indirectly connected" with other elements in between.

[0042]

[0043] Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.

[0044] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a battery management device (100) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Referring to FIG. 1, the battery management device (100) may include a profile acquisition unit (110) and a control unit (120).

[0046] Here, a battery refers to a physically separate, independent cell having a negative terminal and a positive terminal. For example, a lithium-ion battery or a lithium polymer battery may be considered a battery. Furthermore, the battery may be of a cylindrical type, a prismatic type, or a pouch type. Furthermore, a battery may also refer to a battery bank, a battery module, or a battery pack in which multiple cells are connected in series and / or parallel. For convenience of explanation, the term "battery" will be described herein below as referring to a single, independent cell.

[0047] The profile acquisition unit (110) can be configured to acquire a differential profile based on the voltage and capacity of the battery.

[0048] For example, a battery profile is a profile that represents the relationship between voltage (V) and capacity (Q) when the battery's SOC is charged from a preset start SOC or 0% to a preset end SOC or 100%. As another example, a battery profile may represent the relationship between voltage (V) and capacity (Q) when the battery's SOC is discharged from a preset start SOC or 100% to a preset end SOC or 0%.

[0049] And, when the battery profile is differentiated with respect to the capacity, a capacity-differentiated voltage profile (hereinafter, a first differential profile (D1)) representing a correspondence between the differential voltage (dV / dQ) and the capacity (Q) can be generated. Conversely, when the battery profile is differentiated with respect to the voltage, a voltage-differentiated capacity profile (hereinafter, a second differential profile (D2)) representing a correspondence between the differential capacity (dQ / dV) and the voltage (V) can be generated.

[0050] For example, there are no specific restrictions on the C-rate for charging or discharging to generate a battery profile. However, to obtain more accurate battery profiles and differential profiles, it is desirable to charge or discharge the battery at a low rate. For example, a battery profile can be generated during the process of charging or discharging the battery at 0.05C.

[0051] For example, the profile acquisition unit (110) can directly receive the differential profile of the battery from the outside. That is, the profile acquisition unit (110) can acquire the differential profile by receiving the differential profile through a wired and / or wireless connection to the outside.

[0052] As another example, the profile acquisition unit (110) may receive battery information regarding the voltage and capacity of the battery. Furthermore, the profile acquisition unit (110) may generate a battery profile based on the received battery information, and may generate a differential profile based on the generated battery profile. In other words, the profile acquisition unit (110) may directly generate a differential profile based on the battery information, thereby acquiring the differential profile.

[0053] The profile acquisition unit (110) may be connected to the control unit (120) so as to be able to communicate with it. For example, the profile acquisition unit (110) may be connected to the control unit (120) by wire and / or wirelessly. The profile acquisition unit may transmit the acquired differential profile to the control unit (120).

[0054] Specifically, the profile acquisition unit (110) may be configured to acquire at least one of a first differential profile (D1) indicating a correspondence between the capacity of the battery and the differential voltage and a second differential profile (D2) indicating a correspondence between the voltage of the battery and the differential capacity.

[0055] FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating a first differential profile (D1) according to one embodiment of the present invention. For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 2, the first differential profile (D1) can be expressed as an XY graph in which the X-axis represents the capacity (Q) and the Y-axis represents the differential voltage (dV / dQ).

[0056] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a second differential profile (D2) according to one embodiment of the present invention. For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 3, the second differential profile (D2) can be expressed as an XY graph in which the X-axis is voltage (V) and the Y-axis is differential capacitance (dQ / dV).

[0057] The control unit (120) may be configured to generate a comparative differential profile based on a preset reference positive profile and a preset reference negative profile.

[0058] First, the control unit (120) can be configured to generate a comparison full-cell profile based on a reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile.

[0059] Specifically, the reference positive electrode profile may be a profile indicating a correspondence between the capacity and voltage of a reference positive electrode cell preset to correspond to the positive electrode of a battery. For example, the reference positive electrode cell may be a positive coin half cell or a positive electrode of a three-electrode cell. And, the reference negative electrode profile may be a profile indicating a correspondence between the capacity and voltage of a reference negative electrode cell preset to correspond to the negative electrode of a battery. For example, the reference negative electrode cell may be a negative coin half cell or a negative electrode of a three-electrode cell.

[0060] The control unit (120) can generate a comparison full-cell profile that represents the voltage difference between the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile for each capacity. For example, the control unit (120) can calculate the difference between the positive electrode potential of the reference positive electrode profile and the negative electrode potential of the reference negative electrode profile for each capacity, and generate a comparison full-cell profile based on the calculated result.

[0061] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a reference anode profile (Rp) and a reference cathode profile (Rn) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0062] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 4, the control unit (120) can calculate the voltage difference between the reference positive electrode profile (Rp) and the reference negative electrode profile (Rn) in a capacity range from 5 [Ah] to 50 [Ah], and generate a comparison full-cell profile (R) based on the calculated voltage difference. The capacity range of the comparison full-cell profile (R) is 5 [Ah] to 50 [Ah], and the voltage range is 3.0 [V] to 4.0 [V].

[0063] The control unit (120) can be configured to generate a comparative differential profile based on the generated comparative full-cell profile (R).

[0064] Specifically, the control unit (120) can generate a comparative differential profile by differentiating the comparative full-cell profile (R) with respect to voltage or capacity. Preferably, the control unit (120) can generate the comparative differential profile so as to correspond to the differential profile acquired by the profile acquisition unit (110).

[0065] For example, when the profile acquisition unit (110) acquires the first differential profile (D1), the control unit (120) can generate the first comparative differential profile (DR1) indicating the correspondence between the capacity (Q) and the differential voltage (dV / dQ) by differentiating the comparative full-cell profile (R) with respect to the capacity.

[0066] As another example, when the profile acquisition unit (110) acquires the second differential profile (D2), the control unit (120) can generate the second comparative differential profile (DR2) indicating the correspondence between the voltage (V) and the differential capacity (dQ / dV) by differentiating the comparative full-cell profile (R) with respect to the voltage.

[0067] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a battery profile (M) and a comparative full-cell profile (R) according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a first differential profile (D1) and a first comparative differential profile (DR1) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0068] In the embodiments of FIGS. 5 and 6, the result of differentiating the battery profile (M) with respect to capacity is the first differential profile (D1), and the result of differentiating the comparative full-cell profile (R) with respect to capacity is the first comparative differential profile (DR1).

[0069] In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the control unit (120) can generate a first comparative differential profile (DR1) by differentiating the comparative full-cell profile (R) with respect to capacity so as to correspond to the first differential profile (D1).

[0070] The control unit (120) may be configured to adjust the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn) so that the comparative differential profile corresponds to the differential profile.

[0071] Specifically, the control unit (120) may be configured to calculate an error between the differential profile and the comparative differential profile.

[0072] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 6, the control unit (120) can calculate the root mean square error (RMSE) of the first differential profile (D1) and the first comparative differential profile (DR1). As another example, in the embodiment of FIG. 6, the control unit (120) can calculate the differential voltage difference (d1) for each capacity of the first differential profile (D1) and the first comparative differential profile (DR1). Then, the control unit (120) can calculate the error between the first differential profile (D1) and the first comparative differential profile (DR1) by adding up the plurality of calculated differential voltage differences (d1). Here, the differential voltage difference (d1) is the unit error between the first differential profile (D1) and the first comparative differential profile (DR1) at the corresponding capacity, and the sum of the differential voltage differences (d1) is the error between the first differential profile (D1) and the first comparative differential profile (DR1).

[0073] The control unit (120) can be configured to adjust the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn) until the calculated error is minimized.

[0074] Specifically, the control unit (120) can adjust the reference positive electrode profile (Rp) and the reference negative electrode profile (Rn) by shifting or scaling the capacity so that the error between the comparative differential profile and the differential profile is minimized.

[0075] Specific examples of adjusting the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn) are described below with reference to FIGS. 7 to 12.

[0076] The control unit (120) may be configured to determine the adjusted positive electrode profile and the adjusted negative electrode profile according to the adjustment result as the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile of the battery, respectively.

[0077] Specifically, the control unit (120) can generate a plurality of comparative full-cell profiles (R) by adjusting the reference positive electrode profile (Rp) and the reference negative electrode profile (Rn). In addition, the control unit (120) can generate a plurality of comparative differential profiles based on the plurality of comparative full-cell profiles (R). The control unit (120) can specify a comparative differential profile that has a minimum error from the differential profile among the plurality of comparative differential profiles. In addition, the control unit (120) can determine an adjusted positive electrode profile and an adjusted negative electrode profile corresponding to the specified comparative differential profile as the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile of the battery, respectively.

[0078] A battery management device (100) according to one embodiment of the present invention has an advantage in that it can determine a more accurate positive electrode profile and negative electrode profile of a battery by adjusting a reference positive electrode profile (Rp) and a reference negative electrode profile (Rn) so that the error between the differential profile and the comparative differential profile is minimized.

[0079]

[0080] Meanwhile, the control unit (120) provided in the battery management device (100) may optionally include a processor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), another chipset, a logic circuit, a register, a communication modem, a data processing device, etc. known in the art to execute various control logics performed in the present invention. In addition, when the control logic is implemented in software, the control unit (120) may be implemented as a set of program modules. At this time, the program modules may be stored in a memory and executed by the control unit (120). The memory may be located inside or outside the control unit (120) and may be connected to the control unit (120) by various well-known means.

[0081] In addition, the battery management device (100) may further include a storage unit (130). The storage unit (130) may store data or programs required for each component of the battery management device (100) to perform operations and functions, or data generated in the process of performing operations and functions. The storage unit (130) is not particularly limited in type as long as it is a known information storage means known to be capable of recording, erasing, updating, and reading data. As an example, the information storage means may include RAM, flash memory, ROM, EEPROM, registers, etc. In addition, the storage unit (130) may store program codes defining processes executable by the control unit (120).

[0082] For example, the storage unit (130) may store differential profiles (D1, D2) acquired by the profile acquisition unit (110). In addition, the storage unit (130) may store a preset reference positive profile (Rp) and a preset reference negative profile (Rn). In addition, the control unit (120) may access the storage unit (130) to acquire the stored profiles.

[0083]

[0084] Below, an embodiment in which the control unit (120) adjusts the reference positive electrode profile (Rp) and the reference negative electrode profile (Rn) is described in more detail.

[0085] FIGS. 7 to 9 are diagrams illustrating an example of a process for adjusting a reference anode profile (Rp) and a reference cathode profile (Rn) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0086] The generation procedure of the comparative full-cell profile (S) to be described with reference to FIGS. 7 to 9 is performed in the following order: a first routine (see FIG. 7) for setting four points (positive participation start point, positive participation end point, negative participation start point, negative participation end point) to correspond to a voltage range of interest, a second routine (see FIG. 8) for performing profile shifting, and a third routine (see FIG. 9) for performing capacity scaling. That is, the generation procedure of the comparative full-cell profile (S) according to one embodiment of the present invention includes the first to third routines.

[0087] First, referring to FIG. 7, the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn) are the same as those shown in FIG. 7.

[0088] The control unit (120) determines the positive engagement start point (pi), the positive engagement end point (pf), the negative engagement start point (ni), and the negative engagement end point (nf) on the reference positive profile (Rp) and the reference negative profile (Rn).

[0089] Either the positive engagement initiation point (pi) or the negative engagement initiation point (ni) depends on the other.

[0090] For example, the control unit (120) may divide the positive voltage range from the start point to the end point of the reference positive profile (Rp) into a plurality of micro-voltage sections, and then set the boundary points of two adjacent micro-voltage sections among the plurality of micro-voltage sections as positive engagement start points (pi). Each micro-voltage section may have a predetermined size (e.g., 0.01 V). Then, the control unit (120) may set a point on the reference negative profile (Rn) that is smaller by a first set voltage (e.g., 3 V) than the positive engagement start point (pi) as the negative engagement start point (ni).

[0091] As another example, the control unit (120) may divide the negative voltage range from the start point to the end point of the reference negative profile (Rn) into a plurality of micro-voltage sections of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point of two adjacent micro-voltage sections among the plurality of micro-voltage sections as a negative participation start point (ni). Then, the control unit (120) may search for a point that is greater than the negative participation start point (ni) by a first set voltage from the reference positive profile (Rp), and set the searched point as the positive participation start point (pi).

[0092] Either the positive engagement end point (pf) or the negative engagement end point (nf) depends on the other.

[0093] For example, the control unit (120) may divide the voltage range from the second set voltage to the end point of the reference positive electrode profile (Rp) into a plurality of micro-voltage sections of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point of two adjacent micro-voltage sections among the plurality of micro-voltage sections as the positive electrode participation end point (pf). Then, the control unit (120) may set the point on the reference negative electrode profile (Rn) that is smaller by the second set voltage (e.g., 4 V) than the positive electrode participation end point (pf) as the negative electrode participation end point (nf).

[0094] As another example, the control unit (120) may divide the negative voltage range from the start point to the end point of the reference negative profile (Rn) into a plurality of micro-voltage sections of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point of two adjacent micro-voltage sections among the plurality of micro-voltage sections as a negative participation end point (nf). Then, the control unit (120) may search for a point from the reference positive profile (Rp) that is greater than the negative participation end point (nf) by a second set voltage, and set the searched point as the positive participation end point (pf).

[0095] When the determination of the positive engagement start point (pi), the positive engagement end point (pf), the negative engagement start point (ni), and the negative engagement end point (nf) is completed, the control unit (120) shifts at least one of the reference positive profile (Rp) and the reference negative profile (Rn) to the left or right along the horizontal axis.

[0096] Referring to FIG. 8, the control unit (120) can shift the reference anode profile (Rp) and / or the reference cathode profile (Rn) so that the capacitance values ​​of the anode participation start point (pi) and the cathode participation start point (ni) match.

[0097] Alternatively, the control unit (120) may shift the reference anode profile (Rp) and / or the reference cathode profile (Rn) so that the voltages of the anode engagement end point (pf) and the cathode engagement end point (nf) are identical.

[0098] Figure 8 illustrates a situation where only the reference anode profile (Rp) is shifted to the left to generate an adjusted reference anode profile (Rp'), resulting in the voltage of the anode engagement initiation point (pi') matching the voltage of the cathode engagement initiation point (ni). The adjusted reference anode profile (Rp') is the result of applying an adjustment procedure to the reference anode profile (Rp) that shifts to the left by the voltage difference between the anode engagement initiation point (pi) and the cathode engagement initiation point (ni). Therefore, the two points (pi, pi') differ only in capacitance and have the same voltage. The two points (pf, pf') differ only in capacitance and have the same voltage.

[0099] When the adjustment result profiles (Rp', Rn) in which at least one of the reference positive profile (Rp) and the reference negative profile (Rn) is shifted are secured, the control unit (120) scales the capacity range of at least one of the adjustment result profiles (Rp', Rn).

[0100] According to the embodiment of FIG. 8, the control unit (120) performs an additional adjustment procedure to contract or expand at least one of the adjusted reference anode profile (Rp') and the reference cathode profile (Rn) along the horizontal axis.

[0101] Referring to FIG. 9, the control unit (120) can generate an adjusted reference positive electrode profile (Rp') by contracting or expanding the adjusted reference positive electrode profile (Rp') so that the size of the capacity range between two points (pi', pf') of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile (Rp') matches the size of the capacity range of the battery profile (M). At this time, one of the two points (pi', pf') can be fixed. Accordingly, the capacity difference between the two points (pi', pf'') of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile (Rp'') can match the capacity range of the battery profile (M).

[0102] In addition, the control unit (120) can generate an adjusted reference negative profile (Rn') by shrinking or expanding the reference negative profile (Rn) so that the size of the capacity range between the two points (ni, nf) of the reference negative profile (Rn) matches the size of the capacity range of the battery profile (M). At this time, one of the two points (ni, nf) can be fixed. Accordingly, the capacity difference between the two points (ni, nf') of the adjusted reference negative profile (Rn') can match the capacity range of the battery profile (M).

[0103] In Fig. 9, the adjusted reference anode profile (Rp'') is a result of shrinking the adjusted reference anode profile (Rp') shown in Fig. 8, and the adjusted reference cathode profile (Rn') is a result of expanding the reference cathode profile (Rn) shown in Fig. 8.

[0104] The positive participation endpoint (pf'') on the adjusted reference positive profile (Rp'') corresponds to the positive participation endpoint (pf) on the adjusted reference positive profile (Rp'). The negative participation endpoint (nf') on the adjusted reference negative profile (Rn') corresponds to the negative participation endpoint (nf) on the reference negative profile (Rn).

[0105] The capacity difference between the positive engagement start point (pi') and the positive engagement end point (pf'') of the adjusted reference positive profile (Rp'') corresponds to the size of the capacity range of the battery profile (M). Similarly, the capacity difference between the negative engagement start point (ni) and the negative engagement end point (nf') of the adjusted reference negative profile (Rn') corresponds to the size of the capacity range of the battery profile (M).

[0106] In addition, the capacity range by two points (pi', pf'') of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile (Rp'') matches the capacity range by two points (ni, nf') of the adjusted reference negative electrode profile (Rn'). The control unit (120) can generate a comparison full-cell profile (S) by subtracting the profile between the two points (pi, pf') of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile (Rp'') from the profile between the two points (ni, nf') of the adjusted reference negative electrode profile (Rn').

[0107] The control unit (120) can generate a comparative differential profile from the comparative full-cell profile (S) and calculate an error (profile error) between the comparative differential profile and the differential profile. When the error between the comparative differential profile and the differential profile is minimized, the adjusted reference anode profile (Rp'') corresponding to the comparative full-cell profile (S) can be determined as the adjusted anode profile, and the adjusted reference cathode profile (Rn') can be determined as the adjusted cathode profile.

[0108] The control unit (120) can map at least two of the adjusted reference anode profile (Rp''), the adjusted reference cathode profile (Rn'), the anode participation start point (pi'), the anode participation end point (pf''), the cathode participation start point (ni), the cathode participation end point (nf'), the anode change rate (ps), the cathode change rate (ns), the comparative full-cell profile (S), and the profile error to each other, and record them in the storage unit (130). Here, the control unit (120) can calculate the change rate of the adjusted reference anode profile (Rp'') with respect to the reference anode profile (Rp) as the anode change rate (ps). In addition, the control unit (120) can calculate the change rate of the adjusted reference anode profile (Rn') with respect to the reference cathode profile (Rn) as the cathode change rate (ns).

[0109]

[0110] Meanwhile, as described above, when the anode voltage range of the reference anode profile (Rp) is divided into a plurality of micro-voltage sections, the boundary points of two adjacent micro-voltage sections among the plurality of micro-voltage sections can be set as the anode participation start point (pi).

[0111] For example, if the anode voltage range of the reference anode profile (Rp) is divided into 100 microvoltage ranges, there may be 100 boundary points that can be set as anode participation start points (pi). Furthermore, if the voltage range that is higher than the second set voltage in the reference anode profile (Rp) is divided into 40 microvoltage ranges, there may be 40 boundary points that can be set as anode participation end points (pf). In this case, up to 4,000 different comparison full-cell profiles can be generated.

[0112] Of course, those skilled in the art will easily understand that as the size of the micro-voltage section decreases, the number of comparative full-cell profiles that can be generated at maximum increases, and conversely, as the size of the micro-voltage section increases, the number of comparative full-cell profiles that can be generated at maximum decreases.

[0113]

[0114] FIGS. 10 to 12 are diagrams illustrating other examples of a process for adjusting a reference positive electrode profile (Rp) and a reference negative electrode profile (Rn) according to one embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, FIGS. 10 to 12 are diagrams that are referenced to explain other examples of a procedure for generating a comparison full-cell profile (U). Note that the embodiments according to FIGS. 10 to 12 are independent from the embodiments according to FIGS. 7 to 9. Therefore, terms or symbols commonly described in describing the embodiments according to FIGS. 7 to 9 and the embodiments according to FIGS. 10 to 12 should be understood as being limited to each embodiment.

[0115] The generation procedure of the comparative full-cell profile (U) to be described with reference to FIGS. 10 to 12 is performed in the following order: a fourth routine (see FIG. 10) for performing capacity scaling, a fifth routine (see FIG. 11) for setting four points (positive participation start point, positive participation end point, negative participation start point, negative participation end point), and a sixth routine (see FIG. 12) for performing profile shifting. That is, the generation procedure of the comparative full-cell profile (U) according to another embodiment of the present invention includes the fourth to sixth routines.

[0116] Referring to Fig. 10, the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn) are the same as those shown in Fig. 6.

[0117] The control unit (120) applies a first scale factor and a second scale factor selected from a scaling value range to the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn), respectively, to generate an adjusted reference anode profile (Rp') and an adjusted reference cathode profile (Rn').

[0118] The scaling value range may be predetermined or may vary depending on the ratio of the size of the capacity range of the battery profile (M) to the size of the capacity range of the reference full-cell profile (R). For example, when values ​​spaced by 0.1% of the scaling value range (e.g., 90-99%) (i.e., 90%, 90.1%, 90.2%, …, 98.9%, 99%) can be selected as the first scale factor and the second scale factor, 91 values ​​can be selected as the first scale factor and the second scale factor, respectively. In this case, a maximum of 8,281 adjusted profile pairs can be generated according to 91×91=8,281 adjustment levels (combinations of the first scale factor and the second scale factor). An adjusted profile pair means a combination of an adjusted reference positive electrode profile and an adjusted reference negative electrode profile.

[0119] The adjusted reference anode profile (Rp') and the adjusted reference cathode profile (Rn') illustrated in FIG. 10 illustrate the results of applying a first scale factor and a second scale factor, each less than 100%, to the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn), respectively.

[0120] Since the first scale factor and the second scale factor are less than 100%, the adjusted reference anode profile (Rp') is the reference anode profile (Rp) shrunk along the horizontal axis, and the adjusted reference cathode profile (Rn') is also the reference cathode profile (Rn) shrunk along the horizontal axis. To facilitate understanding, the starting points of each of the anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn) are fixed, and only the remaining portion is shrunk to the left along the horizontal axis.

[0121] Referring to FIG. 11, the control unit (120) determines the positive engagement start point (pi'), the positive engagement end point (pf'), the negative engagement start point (ni'), and the negative engagement end point (nf') on the adjusted reference positive profile (Rp') and the adjusted reference negative profile (Rn').

[0122] Either the positive engagement start point (pi') or the negative engagement start point (ni') may depend on the other. Furthermore, either the positive engagement end point (pf') or the negative engagement end point (nf') may depend on the other. Furthermore, either the positive engagement start point (pi') or the positive engagement end point (pf') may be set based on the other.

[0123] That is, when any one of the positive engagement start point (pi'), positive engagement end point (pf'), negative engagement start point (ni') and negative engagement end point (nf') is set, the remaining three points can be automatically set by the size of the first set voltage, the second set voltage and / or the capacity range of the battery profile (M) (e.g., a charge capacity of 0 to 100% of SOC).

[0124] For example, the control unit (120) may divide the positive voltage range from the starting point to the ending point (or the second set voltage) of the adjusted reference positive voltage profile (Rp') into a plurality of micro-voltage sections, and then set the boundary point of two adjacent micro-voltage sections among the plurality of micro-voltage sections as the positive participation start point (pi'). Then, the control unit (120) may set the point on the adjusted reference negative voltage profile (Rn) that is smaller by the first set voltage (e.g., 3 V) than the positive participation start point (pi') as the negative participation start point (ni').

[0125] As another example, the control unit (120) may divide the negative voltage range from the start point to the end point of the adjusted reference negative profile (Rn') into a plurality of micro-voltage sections of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point of two adjacent micro-voltage sections among the plurality of micro-voltage sections as a negative participation start point (ni'). Then, the control unit (120) may search for a point from the reference positive profile (Rp) that is greater than the negative participation start point (ni') by a first set voltage, and set the searched point as the positive participation start point (pi').

[0126] As another example, the control unit (120) may divide the voltage range from the second set voltage to the end point of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile (Rp') into a plurality of micro-voltage sections of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point of two adjacent micro-voltage sections among the plurality of micro-voltage sections as the positive electrode participation end point (pf'). Then, the control unit (120) may search for a point in the adjusted reference negative electrode profile (Rn') that is smaller than the positive electrode participation end point (pf') by the second set voltage (e.g., 4 V), and set the searched point as the negative electrode participation end point (nf').

[0127] As another example, the control unit (120) may divide the negative voltage range from the start point to the end point of the adjusted reference negative profile (Rn') into a plurality of micro-voltage sections of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point of two adjacent micro-voltage sections among the plurality of micro-voltage sections as a negative participation end point (nf'). Then, the control unit (120) may search for a point that is larger than the negative participation end point (nf') by a second set voltage from the adjusted reference positive profile (Rp') and set the searched point as the positive participation end point (pf').

[0128] The control unit (120) can additionally determine the remaining three points based on the determined point when one of the positive participation start point (pi'), the positive participation end point (pf'), the negative participation start point (ni'), and the negative participation end point (nf') is determined.

[0129] For example, when the positive participation start point (pi') is first determined, the control unit (120) can set a point on the adjusted reference positive profile (Rp') that has a capacity value that is greater than the capacity value of the positive participation start point (pi') by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile (M) as the positive participation end point (pf'). In addition, the control unit (120) can search for a point that is lower than the positive participation start point (pi') by a first set voltage from the adjusted reference negative profile (Rn') and set the searched point as the negative participation start point (ni'). In addition, the control unit (120) can set a point on the adjusted reference negative profile (Rn') that has a capacity value that is greater than the capacity value of the negative participation start point (ni') by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile (M) as the negative participation end point (nf').

[0130] As another example, when the positive participation end point (pf') is first determined, the control unit (120) may set a point on the adjusted reference positive profile (Rp') that has a capacity value smaller by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile (M) than the capacity value of the positive participation end point (pf') as the positive participation start point (pi'). In addition, the control unit (120) may search for a point lower by a second set voltage than the positive participation end point (pf') from the adjusted reference negative profile (Rn') and set the searched point as the negative participation end point (nf'). In addition, the control unit (120) may set a point on the adjusted reference negative profile (Rn') that has a capacity value smaller by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile (M) than the capacity value of the negative participation end point (nf') as the negative participation start point (ni').

[0131] As another example, when the negative participation start point (ni') is determined, the control unit (120) can set a point on the adjusted reference negative profile (Rn') that has a capacity value that is greater than the capacity value of the negative participation start point (ni') by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile (M) as the negative participation end point (nf'). In addition, the control unit (120) can search for a point that is higher than the negative participation start point (ni') by a first set voltage from the adjusted reference positive profile (Rp') and set the searched point as the positive participation start point (pi'). In addition, the control unit (120) can set a point on the adjusted reference positive profile (Rp') that has a capacity value that is greater than the capacity value of the positive participation start point (pi') by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile (M) as the positive participation end point (pf').

[0132] As another example, when the negative participation end point (nf') is determined, the control unit (120) may set a point on the adjusted reference negative profile (Rn') that has a capacity value smaller by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile (M) than the capacity value of the negative participation end point (nf') as the negative participation start point (ni'). In addition, the control unit (120) may search for a point higher by a second set voltage than the negative participation end point (nf') from the adjusted reference positive profile (Rp') and set the searched point as the positive participation end point (pf'). In addition, the control unit (120) may set a point on the adjusted reference positive profile (Rp') that has a capacity value smaller by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile (M) than the capacity value of the positive participation end point (pf') as the positive participation start point (pi').

[0133]

[0134] When the determination of the positive engagement start point (pi'), the positive engagement end point (pf'), the negative engagement start point (ni'), and the negative engagement end point (nf') is completed based on the pair of the first scale factor and the second scale factor, the control unit (120) can shift at least one of the adjusted reference positive profile (Rp') and the adjusted reference negative profile (Rn') along the horizontal axis so that the capacity values ​​of the positive engagement start point (pi') and the negative engagement start point (ni') match, or so that the capacity values ​​of the positive engagement end point (pf') and the negative engagement end point (nf') match.

[0135] The adjusted reference cathode profile (Rn'') illustrated in Fig. 12 is only the adjusted reference cathode profile (Rn') illustrated in Fig. 11 shifted to the right. Accordingly, the capacity values ​​of the positive participation start point (pi') and the negative participation start point (ni'') are matched with each other. In this regard, since the capacity difference between the positive participation start point (pi') and the positive participation end point (pf') is the same as the capacity difference between the negative participation start point (ni') and the negative participation end point (nf'), when the capacity values ​​of the positive participation start point (pi') and the negative participation start point (ni'') are matched with each other, the capacity values ​​of the positive participation end point (pf') and the negative participation end point (nf') also become matched with each other.

[0136] Referring to FIG. 12, the control unit (120) can generate a comparison full-cell profile (U) by subtracting a partial profile between two points (pi', pf') of the adjusted reference positive profile (Rp') from a partial profile between two points (ni'', nf'') of the adjusted reference negative profile (Rn'').

[0137] The control unit (120) can generate a comparative differential profile from the comparative full-cell profile (U) and calculate an error (profile error) between the comparative differential profile and the differential profile. When the error between the comparative differential profile and the differential profile is minimized, the adjusted reference anode profile (Rp') corresponding to the comparative full-cell profile (U) can be determined as the adjusted anode profile, and the adjusted reference cathode profile (Rn'') can be determined as the adjusted cathode profile.

[0138] The control unit (120) can map at least two of the adjusted reference positive profile (Rp'), the adjusted reference negative profile (Rn''), the positive engagement start point (pi'), the positive engagement end point (pf'), the negative engagement start point (ni''), the negative engagement end point (nf''), the positive change rate (ps), the negative change rate (ns), the comparative full-cell profile (U), and the profile error to each other, and record the mapped data in the storage unit (130). For example, the control unit (120) can determine the first scale factor as the positive change rate (ps) and the second scale factor as the negative change rate (ns).

[0139]

[0140] Below, an embodiment is described in which the control unit (120) determines the positive and negative profiles of the battery by considering both the first differential profile (D1) and the second differential profile (D2).

[0141] The profile acquisition unit (110) can be configured to acquire a first differential profile (D1) and a second differential profile (D2).

[0142] For example, in the embodiments of FIGS. 2 and 3, the profile acquisition unit (110) can acquire both the first differential profile (D1) and the second differential profile (D2).

[0143] The control unit (120) may be configured to generate a first comparative differential profile (DR1) corresponding to the first differential profile (D1) and a second comparative differential profile (DR2) corresponding to the second differential profile (D2) based on a reference positive profile (Rp) and a reference negative profile (Rn).

[0144] Specifically, the control unit (120) can generate a comparative full-cell profile (R) based on a reference positive electrode profile (Rp) and a reference negative electrode profile (Rn). Then, the control unit (120) can differentiate the comparative full-cell profile (R) with respect to capacity to generate a first comparative differential profile (DR1). In addition, the control unit (120) can differentiate the comparative full-cell profile (R) with respect to voltage to generate a second comparative differential profile (DR2).

[0145] The control unit (120) may be configured to adjust the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn) based on a first error between the first differential profile (D1) and the first comparative differential profile (DR1) and a second error between the second differential profile (D2) and the second comparative differential profile (DR2).

[0146] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 6, the control unit (120) can calculate the root mean square error of the first differential profile (D1) and the first comparative differential profile (DR1).

[0147] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating a second differential profile (D2) and a second comparative differential profile (DR2) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0148] In the embodiments of FIGS. 5 and 13, the result of differentiating the battery profile with respect to voltage is the second differential profile (D2), and the result of differentiating the comparative full-cell profile (R) with respect to capacity is the second comparative differential profile (DR2).

[0149] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 13, the control unit (120) may calculate the root mean square error (RMSE) of the second differential profile (D2) and the second comparative differential profile (DR2). As another example, in the embodiment of FIG. 13, the control unit (120) may calculate the voltage-dependent differential capacity difference (d2) of the second differential profile (D2) and the second comparative differential profile (DR2). Then, the control unit (120) may calculate the second error of the second differential profile (D2) and the second comparative differential profile (DR2) by adding up the plurality of calculated differential capacity differences (d2). Here, the differential capacity difference (d2) is the unit error of the second differential profile (D2) and the second comparative differential profile (DR2) at the corresponding voltage, and the sum of the differential capacity differences (d2) is the error of the second differential profile (D2) and the second comparative differential profile (DR2).

[0150] The control unit (120) may be configured to adjust the reference positive profile (Rp) and the reference negative profile (Rn) until the sum error of the first error and the second error becomes minimal.

[0151] Specifically, the control unit (120) can generate a plurality of comparative full-cell profiles (R) by adjusting the reference positive electrode profile (Rp) and the reference negative electrode profile (Rn). Then, the control unit (120) can specify a comparative full-cell profile (R) among the plurality of comparative full-cell profiles (R) in which the sum of the first error between the first differential profile (D1) and the first comparative differential profile (DR1) and the second error between the second differential profile (D2) and the second comparative differential profile (DR2) is minimized. Then, the control unit (120) can determine the adjusted positive electrode profile and the adjusted negative electrode profile corresponding to the specified comparative full-cell profile (R) as the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile of the battery, respectively.

[0152] A battery management device (100) according to one embodiment of the present invention can determine a positive electrode profile and a negative electrode profile of a battery based on the sum error between the first and second differential profiles (D1, D2) and the first and second comparative differential profiles (DR1, DR2). Accordingly, more accurate positive electrode profiles and negative electrode profiles corresponding to the current state of the battery can be determined.

[0153]

[0154] The battery management device (100) according to the present invention can be applied to a BMS (Battery Management System). That is, the BMS according to the present invention can include the battery management device (100) described above. In this configuration, at least some of the components of the battery management device (100) can be implemented by supplementing or adding to the functions of the components included in a conventional BMS. For example, the profile acquisition unit (110), the control unit (120), and the storage unit (130) of the battery management device (100) can be implemented as components of the BMS.

[0155] Additionally, the battery management device (100) according to the present invention may be provided in a battery pack. That is, the battery pack according to the present invention may include the battery management device (100) described above and one or more battery cells. Additionally, the battery pack may further include electrical components (relays, fuses, etc.) and a case.

[0156] FIG. 14 is a schematic drawing of a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0157] The positive terminal of the battery (10) can be connected to the positive terminal (P+) of the battery pack (1), and the negative terminal of the battery (10) can be connected to the negative terminal (P-) of the battery pack (1).

[0158] The measuring unit (20) can be connected to a first sensing line (SL1), a second sensing line (SL2), and a third sensing line (SL3). Specifically, the measuring unit (20) can be connected to a positive terminal of the battery (10) through the first sensing line (SL1), and can be connected to a negative terminal of the battery (10) through the second sensing line (SL2). The measuring unit (20) can measure the voltage of the battery (10) based on the voltage measured at each of the first sensing line (SL1) and the second sensing line (SL2).

[0159] And, the measuring unit (20) can be connected to the current measuring unit (A) through the third sensing line (SL3). For example, the current measuring unit (A) can be an ammeter or a shunt resistor capable of measuring the charging current and discharging current of the battery (10). The measuring unit (20) can measure the charging current of the battery (10) through the third sensing line (SL3) to calculate the charging amount. In addition, the measuring unit (20) can measure the discharging current of the battery (10) through the third sensing line (SL3) to calculate the discharging amount.

[0160] An external device can be connected to the positive terminal (P+) and negative terminal (P-) of the battery pack (1). For example, the external device can be a charging device or a load. In addition, the positive terminal of the battery (10), the positive terminal (P+) of the battery pack (1), the external device, the negative terminal (P-) of the battery pack (1), and the negative terminal of the battery (10) can be electrically connected.

[0161]

[0162] FIG. 15 is a schematic drawing of a vehicle (1500) according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0163] Referring to FIG. 15, a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention may be included in a vehicle (1500), such as an electric vehicle (EV) or a hybrid vehicle (HV). Furthermore, the battery pack (1510) may drive the vehicle (1500) by supplying power to a motor through an inverter provided in the vehicle (1500). Here, the battery pack (1510) may include a battery management device (100). That is, the vehicle (1500) may include a battery management device (100). In this case, the battery management device (100) may be an onboard device included in the vehicle (1500).

[0164]

[0165] FIG. 16 is a diagram schematically illustrating a battery management method according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0166] Referring to FIG. 16, the battery management method may include a profile acquisition step (S100), a comparative differential profile generation step (S200), a profile adjustment step (S300), and a profile determination step (S400).

[0167] Preferably, each step of the battery management method can be performed by a battery management device (100). In the following, for convenience of explanation, any content that overlaps with the previously described content will be omitted or briefly described.

[0168] The profile acquisition step (S100) is a step of acquiring a differential profile based on the voltage and capacity of the battery, and can be performed by the profile acquisition unit (110).

[0169] Specifically, the profile acquisition unit (110) may be configured to acquire at least one of a first differential profile (D1) indicating a correspondence between the voltage of the battery and the differential capacity and a second differential profile (D2) indicating a correspondence between the capacity of the battery and the differential voltage.

[0170] The comparative differential profile generation step (S200) is a step of generating comparative differential profiles (RD1, RD2) based on a preset reference positive profile (Rp) and a preset reference negative profile (Rn), and can be performed by the control unit (120).

[0171] Specifically, the control unit (120) can generate comparative differential profiles (RD1, RD2) by differentiating the comparative full-cell profile (R) with respect to voltage or capacity. Preferably, the control unit (120) can generate the comparative differential profiles (RD1, RD2) so as to correspond to the differential profiles (D1, D2) acquired by the profile acquisition unit (110).

[0172] The profile adjustment step (S300) is a step of adjusting the reference positive profile (Rp) and the reference negative profile (Rn) so that the comparative differential profiles (RD1, RD2) correspond to the differential profiles (D1, D2), and can be performed by the control unit (120).

[0173] Specifically, the control unit (120) may be configured to calculate an error between the differential profiles (D1, D2) and the comparative differential profiles (RD1, RD2). In addition, the control unit (120) may be configured to adjust the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn) until the calculated error becomes minimal.

[0174] The profile determination step (S400) is a step of determining the adjusted positive electrode profile and the adjusted negative electrode profile as the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile of the battery, respectively, based on the adjustment result of the profile adjustment step (S300), and can be performed by the control unit (120).

[0175] Specifically, the control unit (120) can generate a plurality of comparative full-cell profiles by adjusting a reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile. In addition, the control unit (120) can generate a plurality of comparative differential profiles based on the plurality of comparative full-cell profiles. The control unit (120) can specify a comparative differential profile that has a minimum error with respect to the differential profile among the plurality of comparative differential profiles. In addition, the control unit (120) can determine an adjusted positive electrode profile and an adjusted negative electrode profile corresponding to the specified comparative differential profile as the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile of the battery, respectively.

[0176]

[0177] The embodiments of the present invention described above are not implemented only through devices and methods, but may also be implemented through a program that realizes a function corresponding to the configuration of the embodiments of the present invention or a recording medium on which the program is recorded, and such implementation can be easily implemented by an expert in the technical field to which the present invention belongs based on the description of the embodiments described above.

[0178] Although the present invention has been described above with reference to limited embodiments and drawings, the present invention is not limited thereto, and it is obvious that various modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the technical idea of ​​the present invention and the equivalent scope of the patent claims to be described below by a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains.

[0179] In addition, the present invention described above is not limited to the above-described embodiments and the attached drawings, and all or part of each embodiment may be selectively combined and configured so that various modifications can be made, as those skilled in the art can make various substitutions, modifications, and changes within the scope of the technical idea of ​​the present invention.

[0180] (Explanation of symbols)

[0181] 10: Battery pack

[0182] 11: Battery

[0183] 12: Measurement section

[0184] 100: Battery management device

[0185] 110: Profile acquisition section

[0186] 120: Control unit

[0187] 130: Storage

[0188] 1500: Car

[0189] 1510: Battery Pack

Claims

1. A profile acquisition unit configured to acquire a differential profile based on the voltage and capacity of the battery; and A battery management device comprising a control unit configured to generate a comparative differential profile based on a preset reference positive electrode profile and a preset reference negative electrode profile, adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile so that the comparative differential profile corresponds to the differential profile, and determine the adjusted positive electrode profile and the adjusted negative electrode profile according to the adjustment result as the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile of the battery, respectively.

2. In paragraph 1, The above control unit, A battery management device characterized in that it is configured to generate a comparative full-cell profile based on the above-mentioned reference positive electrode profile and the above-mentioned reference negative electrode profile, and to generate the comparative differential profile based on the generated comparative full-cell profile.

3. In paragraph 1, The above control unit, A battery management device characterized in that it is configured to calculate an error between the differential profile and the comparative differential profile, and adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile until the calculated error is minimized.

4. In paragraph 1, The above profile acquisition unit, A battery management device characterized in that it is configured to obtain at least one of a first differential profile indicating a correspondence relationship between the capacity of the battery and a differential voltage and a second differential profile indicating a correspondence relationship between the voltage of the battery and a differential capacity.

5. In paragraph 4, The above profile acquisition unit is configured to acquire the first differential profile and the second differential profile, The above control unit, A battery management device characterized in that it is configured to generate a first comparative differential profile corresponding to the first differential profile and a second comparative differential profile corresponding to the second differential profile based on the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile.

6. In paragraph 5, The above control unit, A battery management device characterized in that it is configured to generate a comparison full-cell profile based on the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile, to differentiate the comparison full-cell profile with respect to capacity to generate the first comparison differential profile, and to differentiate the comparison full-cell profile with respect to voltage to generate the second comparison differential profile.

7. In paragraph 5, The above control unit, A battery management device characterized in that it is configured to adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile based on a first error between the first differential profile and the first comparative differential profile and a second error between the second differential profile and the second comparative differential profile.

8. In paragraph 7, The above control unit, A battery management device characterized in that it is configured to adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile until the sum error of the first error and the second error becomes minimal.

9. A battery pack comprising a battery management device according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A vehicle including a battery management device according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 8.

11. Profile acquisition step for acquiring a differential profile based on the voltage and capacity of the battery; A comparative differential profile generation step for generating a comparative differential profile based on a preset reference anode profile and a preset reference cathode profile; A profile adjustment step for adjusting the reference anode profile and the reference cathode profile so that the comparative differential profile corresponds to the differential profile; and A battery management method, characterized in that it includes a profile determination step for determining an adjusted positive electrode profile and an adjusted negative electrode profile as the positive electrode profile and negative electrode profile of the battery, respectively, according to the adjustment result of the above profile adjustment step.

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