Multi-layered polymeric thermal protection system for built structures

Abstract

The invention relates to layered thermal insulation systems for built structures subject to temperatures of from -60°С to +260°С. A multi-layered polymeric thermal protection system for built structures that is based on water vapour-permeable non-combustible ultra-thin thermal insulation comprises the following layers applied consecutively to the surfaces to be protected: an adhesive layer in the form of an organosilicon primer based on an aqueous solution of potassium methyl siliconate; a layer of insulating render having a density of at least 700 kg / m3 and being based on expanded polystyrene with an added binder; a reinforcing layer; a main thermally insulating layer in the form of a non-combustible water vapour-permeable ultra-thin thermal insulation having a water vapour permeability rate of 0.03 mg / m·h·Pa and a thermal conductivity of 0.001 W / (m·°C) and being based on hollow microspheres; and a decorative protective layer in the form of a water-based acrylic paint. The technical result of the invention is that of lending a structure the necessary overall heat transfer resistance while at the same time reducing the thickness of a thermally insulating covering and an insulating render, as well as making it possible to use different finishing materials without detriment to the thermal properties of the liquid thermal insulation, and to reduce the amount of added loaded on foundations and bases.

Description

[0001] DEVICE OF A MULTILAYER POLYMER SYSTEM OF THERMAL PROTECTION OF BUILDING STRUCTURES, WALLS OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES BASED ON VAPOR-PERMEABLE NON-COMBUSTIBLE ULTRA-THIN THERMAL INSULATION

[0002] The invention relates to the field of construction, in particular to layered thermal insulation systems used for thermal protection of building structures, brick, concrete and reinforced concrete surfaces of external and internal enclosing and supporting structures, including foundations, basements, walls, partitions, floors at operating temperatures from -60°C to +260°C, as well as to methods for applying a protective coating to these surfaces.

[0003] State of the art

[0004] It is known from the state of the art that the enclosing structure must meet the requirements for thermal protection, i.e. the heat transfer resistance of the structure RK MUST be greater than (or equal to) the required heat transfer resistance Rip depending on the region and natural and climatic conditions, and also meet the standards for protection against over-humidification (condensation must not form in the enclosing structure).

[0005] Using the example of an enclosing structure made of 640 mm thick ceramic brick, we see that despite the fact that there are no conditions for condensation to form in the enclosing structure, this structure does not meet the requirements for thermal protection, Fig. 1.

[0006] In this regard, effective and cost-effective methods of additional thermal insulation of existing walls of buildings and structures are required. A multilayer polymer system of thermal insulation of building structures, walls of buildings and structures is known, containing sequentially located layers: a base in the form of a prepared surface, an adhesive layer, a main layer of thermal insulation and a protective and decorative layer, a layer of water-dispersed polyacrylic primer with a thickness of 0.1-0.2 mm is used as an adhesive layer, (n) number of thin intermediate layers of liquid thermal insulation polymer coating are used as the main layer of thermal insulation, while the thickness of one thin layer of thermal insulation coating is (0.4±0.1 mm).The thermal insulation material of the coating is selected from the group of polymers that harden in air after application, consisting of an acrylate homopolymer, a styrene-acrylate copolymer, polystyrene, a butadiene polymer, a polyvinyl chloride polymer, a polyurethane polymer, a polymer or copolymer of vinyl acetate, or a mixture thereof. (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 115377, IPC E04B 1 / 76, published on 27.04.2012).

[0007] The disadvantages of this system are vapor impermeability and low thermal insulation characteristics of the main layer of liquid thermal insulation coating - the thermal resistance of 1 layer with a thickness of 0.4 mm is 0.27 m2C° / W, which leads to an increase in the number of layers applied to ensure the required heat transfer resistance of the structure as a whole, and, consequently, an increase in the installation time with technological drying of 24 hours for each layer.

[0008] A multilayer polymer system for thermal insulation of building structures, walls of buildings and structures is known from the prior art, comprising successively arranged layers: a base in the form of a prepared surface, an adhesive layer, a main thermal insulation layer and a protective and decorative layer, a number of thin intermediate layers of liquid thermal insulation polymer coating are also used as the main thermal insulation layer, wherein the thickness of one thin layer of the thermal insulation coating is (0.4±0.1) mm, the thermal insulation material of the coating is selected from a group of polymers that harden in the air after application, consisting of an acrylate homopolymer, a styrene-acrylate copolymer, polystyrene, butadiene polymer, polyvinyl chloride polymer, polyurethane polymer, vinyl acetate polymer or copolymer or a mixture thereof, characterized in that the surface of the base, in addition to the previously carried out mechanical cleaning from dirt,dust and crumbling elements are further chemically treated with an adhesion activator based on complex polyfunctional acids and bases, a layer of organosilicon primer based on an aqueous solution of potassium methylsiliconate is used as the adhesive layer, providing improved adhesion of subsequent layers and additional waterproofing of the base, the thickness of one thin i-th layer is equal to (1.0±0.1) mm, its thermal resistance is 1 m2°C / W, acrylic water-dispersion paint is used as the protective and decorative layer, a coating based on hollow microspheres is chosen as the main layer of thermal insulation, made from a composition including a polymer binder and hollow microspheres, a water-emulsion polymer latex composition is used as the polymer binder, containing from 10 to 90 vol.% (co)polymer and from 10 to 90 vol.% of a mixture of water and a surfactant, taken in a ratio of,wt.: a mixture of a polymer binder 100 a mixture of a surfactant 2-5 as hollow microspheres the composition contains a mixture of hollow microspheres with different sizes from 10 to 500 μm and different bulk densities from 650 to 50 kg / m3, selected from the group including hollow glass microspheres, hollow ceramic microspheres, hollow polymer microspheres, hollow technogenic (ash) microspheres or their mixtures of fiberglass (Patent of the Russian Federation RU No. 136461, IPC E04B 1 / 76, published 10.01.2014).,

[0009] The disadvantages of this coating are the flammability class G1, as well as the possibility of using only acrylic water-dispersion paint as a protective and decorative layer, in order not to deteriorate the thermophysical and thermal engineering properties of the main thermal insulation layer based on hollow microspheres.

[0010] The closest analogue - prototype is the integrated system of insulation of buildings and structures (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 117468, IPC E04B 1 / 76, published on 27.06.2012), consisting of layers sequentially applied to the elements of the structure or to the constituent parts of the building and structure, for example, the outer wall, and / or ceilings, and / or slopes: a water repellent in the form of an aqueous emulsion of organosilicon copolymers applied in the form of a grid onto the filled joints (if necessary), a primer layer based on a cured liquid thermal insulation coating made of synthetic rubber, acrylic polymers and hollow ceramic and silicone microspheres dispersed in this composition, diluted with water (10:1), with a consumption rate of preferably 1 l of the resulting suspension per 3 m2 depending on the surface, if necessary a layer of cured liquid thermal insulation coating in the form of a grid onto the joints made of synthetic rubber,acrylic polymers and hollow ceramic and silicone microspheres dispersed in this composition, if necessary - a layer of reinforcing mesh, a layer of 2.0-7.0 cm of insulating plaster with a density of at least 700 kg / m3 based on foamed polystyrene with the addition of lime and Portland cement, then, if necessary, layers of fiberglass reinforcing mesh and leveling adhesive plaster, and a finishing coat in the form of a cured liquid thermal insulation coating made of a cured suspension including vacuumized ceramic and silicone microspheres in a composition of a mixture of latex and acrylic polymers, wherein the integrated system for insulating buildings and structures has a water absorption of no more than 0.01 g / cm3 and provides a reflection of sunlight up to 80%.,

[0011] The significant disadvantages of the prototype are:

[0012] - use of a vapor-impermeable liquid thermal insulation coating;

[0013] - use of flammable liquid thermal insulation coating;

[0014] - the thermal conductivity coefficient of the thermal insulation coating is 0.0035 W / (m-°C), which leads to an increase in the number of layers of both the thermal insulation coating itself and the insulating plaster, which leads to a significant increase in the load (the weight of the complex system increases) on the structures and, as a consequence, a limitation of the scope of application, since such a system can no longer be used, for example, at cultural heritage sites;

[0015] - the impossibility of using any decorative finishes other than tinting the finishing layer of the liquid thermal insulation coating itself.

[0016] The technical task of the proposed invention is to expand the scope of application of multilayer polymer thermal insulation systems by using non-combustible vapor-permeable ultra-thin thermal insulation based on hollow microspheres with a confirmed thermal conductivity coefficient equal to 0.001 W / (m-°C) and a vapor permeability coefficient of 0.03 mg / (m-h-Pa) and, as a consequence, achieving the required overall heat transfer resistance of the structure with a decrease in the thickness of the thermal insulation coating and insulating plaster, as well as the possibility of using various finishing materials, while maintaining the thermophysical and thermal engineering properties of liquid thermal insulation, preserving the architectural appearance of buildings and structures, including cultural heritage sites, reducing the additional load on foundations and bases.

[0017] The achievement of the specified technical result is ensured by the fact that the multilayer polymer system of thermal protection of building structures, walls of buildings and structures based on vapor-permeable non-combustible ultra-thin thermal insulation contains layers sequentially applied to the protected surfaces of the structures: an adhesive layer in the form of an organosilicon primer based on an aqueous solution of potassium methylsiliconate; a layer of insulating plaster with a density of at least 700 kg / m3, based on foamed polystyrene with the addition of one of the types of binder, for example, lime, clay, gypsum and Portland cement, with a layer thickness of 1.0-4.0 cm; a reinforcing layer in the form of fiberglass, glass canvas, geotextile, asbestos fabric or asbestos non-woven fabric with a thickness of 1.0 to 2.0 mm and a density of 70 to 120 g / m2; the main thermal insulation layer in the form of non-combustible (class NG) vapor-permeable ultra-thin thermal insulation with a vapor permeability coefficient of 0.03 mg / (m-h-Pa) and a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0,001 W / (m-°C) based on hollow microspheres, with a total thickness of the thermal insulation coating from 0.5 to 4.0 mm, where each layer of the thermal insulation coating has a thickness of 0.5 mm, made of a water-suspension composition with a viscosity of 1 to 100 Pa-s, including a mixture of a polymer binder of 5-95 vol.% with hollow microspheres of 5-95 vol.%, as a polymer binder the composition contains a water-emulsion polymer latex composition containing from 10 to 90 vol.% of a (co)polymer selected from the group consisting of an acrylate homopolymer, a styrene-acrylate copolymer, a butadiene-styrene copolymer, polystyrene, butadiene polymer, polyvinyl chloride polymer, polyurethane polymer, vinyl acetate polymer or copolymer or mixtures thereof and from 10 to 90 vol.% of a mixture of water and a surfactant, as hollow microspheres the composition contains microspheres with different sizes from 10 to 500 µm and different bulk densities from 50 to 650 kg / m3, selected from a group including hollow glass microspheres,hollow ceramic microspheres, hollow polymer microspheres, hollow technogenic (ash) microspheres or mixtures thereof, wherein the aqueous suspension composition additionally contains a mixture of a polyhydric alcohol with a polybasic carboxylic or amino acid in an equimolecular ratio, as well as one fire retardant selected from the group consisting of aluminum trihydrite, boron compounds, phosphorus compounds, antimony compounds, highly chlorinated paraffins, bromine derivatives of aromatic hydrocarbons, mixtures of salts of inorganic acids with melamine or urea-formaldehyde resins, nickel amines, zinc amines, cobalt amines, ammonium carbonates, ammonium sulfates, molybdenum salts, vanadium salts, cerium salts or mixtures thereof in the following ratio of components, parts by weight: a mixture of a polymer binder with hollow microspheres 100 a mixture of a polyhydric alcohol with polybasic carboxylic acid or amino acid 2-5 the above-mentioned fire retardant 5-10 protective and decorative layer in the form of acrylic water-dispersion paint.,

[0018] The essence of the invention is explained in Fig. 2, which shows the protection of a brick wall of a building (example 1).

[0019] Example in Fig. 2. The first stage is preparation of the surface of the brick wall 1. To do this, all crumbling and falling elements are removed, and dust is removed.

[0020] The second stage is the application of an adhesive layer of 2 organosilicon primer in 2 layers using a brush or specialized high-pressure equipment.

[0021] The third stage is the application of insulating plaster 3, with a density of at least 700 kg / m3, based on foamed polystyrene with the addition of lime and Portland cement, with a layer thickness of 2.0 cm using a spatula with filling of seams, cracks and pores of the wall.

[0022] The fourth stage - a reinforcing layer 4 in the form of fiberglass 1.0 mm thick and 100 g / m2 in density is applied to the putty surface with an overlap of at least 30% across the width of the strip. The reinforcing layer prevents possible rupture or cracking of the coating due to the difference in linear extension during deformation due to foundation settlement or temperature expansion.

[0023] The fifth stage is application of the main thermal insulation layer in 5 layers of 0.5 mm with interlayer drying for 24 hours. As an example, a non-flammable vapor-permeable ultra-thin thermal insulation based on hollow microspheres produced by the patent applicant was applied, a liquid thermal insulation coating from the "Bronya" series with a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.001 W / (m-°C) and a vapor permeability coefficient of 0.03 mg / (m-h-Pa), for example, the vapor-permeable modification "Bronya Facade NG", produced according to TU 2216-006-09560516-2013. The thermal insulation coating can be applied to the surface with a brush or an airless sprayer in successive layers. The complete drying time of each layer at a temperature of + 20 ° C is 24 hours, to the touch - 15-20 minutes. The required heat transfer resistance of the protected structure can be achieved by applying the appropriate number of layers. Thus, three layers of coating were applied with a total thickness of the finished coating of about 1.6 mm.

[0024] The sixth stage is the application of a protective and decorative layer 6 in the form of acrylic paint.

[0025] Let's check this design to ensure thermal protection and protection against over-moistening.

[0026] As we see in Fig. 3, the design fully meets the specified requirements, due to the fact that the resistance to transfer of the design is equal to the required resistance to heat transfer for the city of Volgograd, and the conditions for the formation of condensate in the design are completely absent. Based on this, we should talk about the effectiveness of the proposed invention.

[0027] The invention allows:

[0028] - expand the scope of application of thermal insulation coatings based on hollow microspheres, while maintaining all thermophysical properties;

[0029] - ensure reliable thermal protection of buildings and structures by increasing the overall heat transfer resistance of the structure, meeting energy efficiency requirements and increasing the energy class of the building as a whole;

[0030] - ensure the non-flammability of the system by using a non-flammable finishing layer, protecting the structure as a whole from destruction when exposed to high fire temperatures;

[0031] - preserve or recreate the architectural appearance of buildings and structures, including cultural heritage sites;

[0032] - the ability to impart a given color to the coating by tinting the last finishing layer; 5 - reduce the additional load on foundations and bases from the weight of the applied coatings due to their thin layer.

Claims

CLAUSES OF THE INVENTION The device of a multilayer polymer system of thermal protection of building structures, walls of buildings and structures based on vapor-permeable non-combustible ultra-thin thermal insulation contains layers sequentially applied to the protected surfaces of the structures: an adhesive layer in the form of an organosilicon primer based on an aqueous solution of potassium methyl siliconate; a layer of insulating plaster with a density of at least 700 kg / m3, based on foamed polystyrene with the addition of one of the types of binder, for example, lime, clay, gypsum and Portland cement, a layer thickness of 1.0-4.0 cm; a reinforcing layer in the form of fiberglass, glass canvas, geotextile, asbestos fabric or asbestos non-woven fabric with a thickness of 1.0 to 2.0 mm and a density of 70 to 120 g / m2; the main thermal insulation layer in the form of non-combustible (class NG) vapor-permeable ultra-thin thermal insulation with a vapor permeability coefficient of 0.03 mg / (m-h-Pa) and a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.001 W / (m-°C) based on hollow microspheres,with a total thickness of the thermal insulation coating from 0.5 to 4.0 mm, where each layer of the thermal insulation coating has a thickness of 0.5 mm, made of a water-suspension composition with a viscosity of from 1 to 100 Pa-C, including a mixture of a polymer binder of 5-95 vol. % with hollow microspheres of 5-95 vol. %, as a polymer binder the composition contains a water-emulsion polymer latex composition containing from 10 to 90 vol. % of a (co)polymer selected from the group consisting of an acrylate homopolymer, a styrene-acrylate copolymer, a butadiene-styrene copolymer, polystyrene, a butadiene polymer or a vinyl acetate copolymer or mixtures thereof, and from 10 to 90 vol. % of a mixture of water and a surfactant, as hollow microspheres the composition contains microspheres with different sizes from 10 to 500 µm and different bulk densities from 50 to 650 kg / m3, selected from the group, including hollow glass microspheres, hollow ceramic microspheres, hollow polymer microspheres, hollow technogenic (ash) microspheres or mixtures thereof, wherein the water-suspension composition additionally contains a mixture of a polyhydric alcohol with a polybasic carboxylic or amino acid in an equimolecular ratio, as well as one fire retardant selected from the group consisting of aluminum trihydrite, boron compounds, phosphorus compounds, antimony compounds, highly chlorinated paraffins, bromine derivatives of aromatic hydrocarbons, mixtures of salts of inorganic acids with melamine or urea-formaldehyde resins, nickel amines, zinc amines, cobalt amines, ammonium carbonates, ammonium sulfates, molybdenum salts, vanadium salts, cerium salts or mixtures thereof in the following ratio of components, parts by weight.: a mixture of a polymer binder with hollow microspheres 100 a mixture of a polyhydric alcohol with a polybasic carboxylic acid or amino acid 2-5 the above-mentioned fire retardant 5-10 a protective and decorative layer in the form of an acrylic water-dispersion paint.

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