Solar cell component and preparation method therefor

Abstract

The present application relates to a solar cell component and a preparation method therefor. The solar cell component comprises: a substrate (100); at least two unit cells (200), which are located on a surface of the substrate and are arranged at intervals in a first direction, wherein each unit cell (200) comprises a plurality of sub-cells (210) which are sequentially connected in series in a second direction, each sub-cell (210) comprises a first conductive sub-structure (220) and a second conductive sub-structure (230) which are stacked, and a plurality of first conductive sub-structures (220) are formed by means of segmenting the same conductive layer in the first direction and the second direction; in any two adjacent unit cells (200), the sub-cell of one of the unit cells (200) that is located on a first tail end is provided with a first conductive protrusion (240) that extends towards a gap, and the sub-cell of the other unit cell (200) that is located on a second tail end is provided with a second conductive protrusion (250) that extends towards the same gap; and a connecting structure (300), which is provided in the gap, and is used for electrically connecting the first conductive protrusion (240) and the second conductive protrusion (250).

Description

Solar cell module and preparation method thereof

[0001] Related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application number 2023107020081, filed on June 14, 2023, entitled “Solar cell module and its preparation method”, the entire text of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present application relates to the field of solar cell technology, and in particular to a solar cell assembly and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0004] The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present application and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0005] Perovskite solar cells, with their high energy conversion efficiency and low manufacturing costs, have broad application prospects. Current perovskite solar cell modules typically use laser etching to form a series structure of sub-cells. The etched areas, known as dead zones, cannot be used for power generation. However, reducing the width of the active region to lower the series current of the module and, in turn, reduce power and heat losses due to series resistance, increases the dead zone area, resulting in a reduction in the light-receiving area and ultimately affecting the module's photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] According to various embodiments of the present application, a solar cell assembly and a method for manufacturing the same are provided.

[0008] In order to achieve the above objectives, the present application provides a solar cell assembly, comprising:

[0009] substrate;

[0010] At least two battery cells are located on the surface of the substrate and arranged along a first direction, with a gap being provided between two adjacent battery cells. The battery cell includes a plurality of sub-cells sequentially connected in series along a second direction, each sub-cell including a stacked first sub-conductive structure and a second sub-conductive structure, wherein the plurality of first sub-conductive structures are formed by dividing the same conductive layer along the first direction and the second direction, and the first direction is orthogonal to the second direction. Among them, in any two adjacent battery cells, the sub-cell at the first end of one of the battery cells is provided with a first conductive protrusion extending toward the gap, and the sub-cell at the second end of the other battery cell is provided with a second conductive protrusion extending toward the same gap, and the first end and the second end are opposite each other along the second direction.

[0011] A connecting structure is located in the gap, and is used to electrically connect the first conductive protrusion and the second conductive protrusion so that two adjacent battery cells form a series structure.

[0012] In one embodiment, the second sub-conductive structure of each sub-cell includes:

[0013] a photoelectric conversion layer, located on a surface of the first sub-conductive structure away from the substrate;

[0014] an electrode layer, located on a surface of the photoelectric conversion layer away from the substrate;

[0015] Among them, in the same battery unit, two adjacent sub-cells are divided in the first sub-conductive structure to form a first wire groove, so that the photoelectric conversion layer is connected to the substrate through the first wire groove; and two adjacent sub-cells are provided with a second wire groove in the photoelectric conversion layer, so that the electrode layer is connected to the first sub-conductive structure through the second wire groove; and two adjacent sub-cells are provided with a third wire groove in the electrode layer, and the third wire groove is located on the side of the second wire groove away from the first wire groove, and the third wire groove sequentially penetrates the electrode layer and the photoelectric conversion layer to form a plurality of sub-cells connected in series in the second direction.

[0016] In one embodiment, the photoelectric conversion layer includes a first transmission layer, a light absorption layer, and a second transmission layer stacked in sequence in a direction away from the substrate;

[0017] The electrode layer passes through the second transmission layer, the light absorption layer, and the first transmission layer in sequence through the second wire groove until it contacts the first sub-conductive structure, and the third wire groove passes through the second transmission layer, the light absorption layer, and the first transmission layer in sequence until the first sub-conductive structure is exposed.

[0018] In one embodiment, in any two adjacent battery cells, the first sub-conductive structure of the sub-battery located at the first end of one of the battery cells protrudes toward the gap to form the first conductive protrusion, and the electrode layer of the sub-battery located at the second end of the other battery cell protrudes toward the same gap to form the second conductive protrusion.

[0019] In one embodiment, the at least two battery cells include at least a head-end battery cell and a tail-end battery cell, wherein the head-end battery cell and the tail-end battery cell are two battery cells that are farthest apart in the first direction among the at least two battery cells;

[0020] The sub-battery located at the first end of the first-end battery cell is provided with the first conductive protrusion, the electrode layer of the sub-battery located at the second end of the first-end battery cell extending toward the gap serves as a first lead terminal, and the first lead terminal and the first conductive protrusion are located on the same side of the gap; and

[0021] The sub-battery located at the second end of the tail battery cell is provided with the second conductive protrusion, and the first sub-conductive structure of the sub-battery located at the first end of the tail battery cell extending toward the gap serves as a second lead terminal, and the second lead terminal and the second conductive protrusion are located on the same side of the gap.

[0022] In one embodiment, the solar cell assembly further comprises:

[0023] a first polarity junction box, configured to be connected to the first lead terminal, wherein the electrical type of the first polarity junction box is the same as that of the first lead terminal;

[0024] The second polarity junction box is used to be connected to the second lead terminal, and the electrical type of the second polarity junction box is the same as that of the second lead terminal.

[0025] In one embodiment, it further includes:

[0026] an encapsulation layer, used to cover the surface of each of the battery cells;

[0027] Wherein, the first polarity junction box and the second polarity junction box are arranged on the surface of the packaging layer.

[0028] The present application provides a method for preparing a solar cell module, comprising:

[0029] providing a substrate;

[0030] At least two battery cells are formed on the surface of the substrate, arranged along a first direction. A gap is provided between two adjacent battery cells. The battery cell includes a plurality of sub-cells sequentially connected in series along a second direction. Each sub-cell includes a stacked first sub-conductive structure and a second sub-conductive structure. The plurality of first sub-conductive structures are formed by dividing the same conductive layer along the first direction and the second direction. The first direction is orthogonal to the second direction. Among any two adjacent battery cells, the sub-cell at the first end of one of the battery cells is provided with a first conductive protrusion extending toward the gap, and the sub-cell at the second end of the other battery cell is provided with a second conductive protrusion extending toward the same gap. The first end and the second end are opposite each other along the second direction.

[0031] A connection structure is formed in the gap to form a series structure between two adjacent battery cells, wherein the connection structure is used to electrically connect the first conductive protrusion and the second conductive protrusion.

[0032] In one embodiment, forming at least two battery cells arranged along a first direction on the surface of the substrate includes:

[0033] forming a conductive layer on the surface of the substrate, and dividing the conductive layer along the second direction to form a plurality of at least two conductive regions arranged along the first direction, wherein each conductive region is divided to form a first sub-conductive structure arranged along the second direction;

[0034] Second sub-conductive structures corresponding to the first sub-conductive structures are formed on the conductive layer, so that the first sub-conductive structures and the corresponding second sub-conductive structures form the sub-battery.

[0035] In one embodiment, the distance between two adjacent first sub-conductive structures in the same conductive region is a first line groove, and the portion of the first sub-conductive structure located at the first end extending from the gap divided in the first direction serves as a first conductive protrusion;

[0036] The forming of the second sub-conductive structure on the conductive layer in one-to-one correspondence with the first sub-conductive structure comprises:

[0037] forming a photoelectric conversion layer on the surface of each of the first sub-conductive structures and each of the first linear grooves, and etching the photoelectric conversion layer until the first sub-conductive structures are exposed, thereby forming functional blocks sequentially arranged along the second direction on the surface of the first sub-conductive structures, with two adjacent functional blocks in the second direction having a second linear groove;

[0038] An electrode layer is formed on each of the functional blocks and each of the second wire grooves, and the electrode layer is etched until the first sub-conductive structure is exposed to form the second sub-conductive structures arranged in sequence along the second direction on the surface of the first sub-conductive structure, and two adjacent second sub-conductive structures in the second direction have a third wire groove, and the third wire groove is located on the side of the second wire groove away from the first wire groove, wherein the electrode layer extending from the gap divided by the second sub-conductive structure at the second end toward the first direction serves as a second conductive protrusion.

[0039] In one embodiment, the at least two battery cells include at least a head-end battery cell and a tail-end battery cell, the sub-battery located at the first end of the head-end battery cell is provided with the first conductive protrusion, the electrode layer of the sub-battery located at the second end of the head-end battery cell extending toward the gap serves as a first lead terminal, and the first lead terminal and the first conductive protrusion are located on the same side of the gap; and

[0040] The sub-battery at the second end of the tail battery cell is provided with the second conductive protrusion, and the first sub-conductive structure of the sub-battery at the first end of the tail battery cell extending toward the gap serves as a second lead terminal, and the second lead terminal and the second conductive protrusion are located on the same side of the gap;

[0041] The method further comprises:

[0042] forming an encapsulation layer on the surface of each battery cell;

[0043] A first polarity junction box and a second polarity junction box corresponding to the first lead terminal and the second lead terminal respectively are formed on the surface of the packaging layer.

[0044] The details of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the present application will become apparent from the description, drawings, and claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the conventional technology, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the conventional technology descriptions. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0046] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell assembly provided in one embodiment;

[0047] FIG2 is a second structural schematic diagram of a solar cell assembly provided in one embodiment;

[0048] FIG3 is a third structural schematic diagram of a solar cell assembly provided in one embodiment;

[0049] FIG4 is a fourth structural schematic diagram of a solar cell assembly provided in one embodiment;

[0050] FIG5 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a solar cell module provided in one embodiment;

[0051] FIG6 is a fifth structural diagram of a solar cell assembly provided in one embodiment;

[0052] FIG7 is a sixth structural diagram of a solar cell assembly provided in one embodiment;

[0053] FIG8 is a seventh structural diagram of a solar cell assembly provided in one embodiment;

[0054] FIG9 is an eighth structural schematic diagram of a solar cell assembly provided in one embodiment;

[0055] FIG10 is a ninth structural diagram of a solar cell assembly provided in one embodiment;

[0056] FIG11 is a tenth structural diagram of a solar cell assembly provided in one embodiment;

[0057] FIG12 is an eleventh schematic structural diagram of a solar cell assembly provided in one embodiment.

[0058] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: Substrate: 100; Battery cell: 200; Sub-battery: 210; First sub-conductive structure: 220; Second sub-conductive structure: 230; Photoelectric conversion layer: 231; Electrode layer: 232; First transmission layer: 2311; Light absorption layer: 2312; Second transmission layer: 2313; First conductive protrusion: 240; Second conductive protrusion: 250; First lead terminal: 260; Second lead terminal: 270; Connection structure: 300; First polarity junction box: 400; Second polarity junction box: 500. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] To facilitate understanding of the present application, the present application will be described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings provide embodiments of the present application. However, the present application may be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make the disclosure of the present application more thorough and comprehensive.

[0060] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application pertains. The terms used herein in the specification of this application are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit this application.

[0061] As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" may also include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the terms "include," "comprising," "having," and the like specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof. Also, in this specification, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of the relevant listed items.

[0062] Thin-film solar cell modules mainly include perovskite thin-film solar cells, cadmium telluride thin-film solar cells, CIGS thin-film solar cells and non-silicon-based thin-film solar cells. When sunlight is incident on the absorption layer of the thin-film solar cell module, it is immediately absorbed. The energy of the photon excites the electrons originally bound around the atomic nucleus, forming free electrons. After the electrons are excited, an additional positively charged hole is generated at the same time. The electrons move to the electron transport layer, and the holes flow to the hole transport layer. When an external load is connected, photocurrent will be continuously generated.

[0063] Among them, after years of development, the efficiency of perovskite solar cells in the laboratory has reached 25.7% for a single cell, and the efficiency of stacked cells combined with crystalline silicon technology has reached 32%, which shows that they have very broad application prospects. In addition, compared with crystalline silicon modules, perovskite solar cells have the advantages of solution processing, abundant raw materials, and low production costs, and are expected to become a new generation of commercial photovoltaic cell technology. Furthermore, perovskite cells usually use laser scribing to form a microscopic series structure of cell components. Compared with crystalline silicon cells, the series resistance of perovskite cells is significantly greater than that of crystalline silicon cells. Therefore, the module technology based on perovskite cells has the technical characteristics of "low current and high voltage", thereby reducing the power loss caused by series resistance.

[0064] Therefore, in order to achieve the goal of continuously reducing the current to reduce the power loss of the series resistance, the existing technology adopts the approach of further reducing the width of the light-receiving area of ​​the battery. However, this will increase the laser-etched area, that is, increase the dead zone area and the non-luminous area area, resulting in a decrease in the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery component.

[0065] Based on this, the present application provides a solar cell module and a method for preparing the same, which can improve the module efficiency while continuously reducing the current to reduce the power heat loss caused by the series resistance.

[0066] Referring to FIG. 1 , the present application provides a solar cell assembly comprising a substrate 100, at least two battery cells 200, and a connection structure 300. The at least two battery cells 200 are positioned on the surface of the substrate 100 and arranged along a first direction X. A gap is defined between adjacent battery cells 200. The battery cells 200 include a plurality of sub-cells 210 sequentially connected in series along a second direction Y. Each sub-cell 210 includes a stacked first sub-conductive structure and a second sub-conductive structure. The plurality of first sub-conductive structures are formed by segmenting a common conductive layer along the first direction X and the second direction Y, with the first direction X being orthogonal to the second direction Y. Among any two adjacent battery cells 200, the sub-cell 210 at the first end of one battery cell 200 is provided with a first conductive protrusion 240 extending toward the gap, and the sub-cell 210 at the second end of the other battery cell 200 is provided with a second conductive protrusion 250 extending toward the same gap. The first and second ends are opposed along the second direction Y. The connection structure 300 is located in the gap. The connection structure 300 is used to electrically connect the first conductive protrusion 240 and the second conductive protrusion 250 so that two adjacent battery cells 200 form a series structure.

[0067] The solar cell module can be at least one of a perovskite solar cell module, a cadmium telluride solar cell module, and a CIGS solar cell module. The substrate 100 is a supporting base for the solar cell module. Light is incident from the side of the substrate 100. Optionally, the substrate 100 can be transparent glass or a flexible substrate. A conductive layer formed on the surface of the substrate 100 forms a conductive substrate between the substrate 100 and the conductive layer. Optionally, the conductive layer can be made of transparent conductive oxides such as indium tin oxide and aluminum-doped indium oxide, as well as metal grids such as silver, copper, gold, iron, and aluminum.

[0068] Furthermore, the first direction X can be understood as the column direction of the battery assembly, and the second direction Y can be understood as the row direction of the battery assembly. By scribing the conductive layer, one is to divide the same conductive layer into at least two upper and lower spaced regions along the second direction Y, for example, the conductive layer is divided into two upper and lower spaced regions along the center line of Figure 1, or for example, the conductive layer is divided into three regions arranged with equal intervals, or for example, the conductive layer is divided into four regions arranged with equal intervals, or other components divided into N regions, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; the second is to scribe the conductive layer in each region along the first direction X to form first sub-conductive structures spaced from each other in the second direction Y, and subsequently form second sub-conductive structures on the surface of each first sub-conductive structure so that the first sub-conductive structure and the second sub-conductive structure form a sub-battery 210, and adjacent sub-batteries 210 in the same lateral region are connected in series, so that the sub-batteries 210 connected in series in the same region together constitute a battery cell 200, and after the conductive layer is scribed, gaps exist between the battery cells 200 arranged along the first direction X. Furthermore, in order to achieve electrical connection between adjacent battery cells 200, it is necessary to provide a sub-battery 210 at the first end (for example, the leftmost end) of one of the two adjacent battery cells 200 with a first conductive protrusion 240 extending toward the gap, and the first conductive protrusion 240 serves as one of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cell 200. Optionally, the first conductive protrusion 240 may be a portion of the conductive layer retained when the conductive layer is scratched, and the sub-battery 210 at the second end (for example, the rightmost end) of the other battery cell 200 may be provided with a second conductive protrusion 250 extending toward the gap, and the second conductive protrusion 250 serves as the other of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cell. Optionally, the second conductive protrusion 250 may be a portion of the structure retained when the second sub-conductive structure is formed.

[0069] Furthermore, a connection structure 300 is provided in the gap between adjacent battery cells 200 to electrically connect the first conductive protrusion 240 and the second conductive protrusion 250, thereby forming a series circuit between the two adjacent battery cells 200. Optionally, the connection structure 300 includes gold, iron, aluminum, copper, and a composite formed by the above metals. For example, as shown in Figure 1, when two battery cells 200 are arranged in a first direction X, the first conductive protrusion 240 of the sub-battery 210 at the left end of the upper battery cell 200 is used as the negative electrode, and the second conductive protrusion 250 of the sub-battery 210 at the right end of the lower battery cell 200 is used as the positive electrode, then a connection structure 300 is provided in the gap to connect the first and second conductive protrusions, thereby forming two battery cell structures connected in series.

[0070] As shown in Figure 2, when three battery cells are arranged at intervals along the first direction X, in the battery cells adjacent to each other, the first conductive protrusion 240 of the left terminal sub-battery 210 in the battery cell at the upper end is used as the negative electrode, and the second conductive protrusion 250 of the right terminal sub-battery 210 in the battery cell at the lower end is used as the positive electrode, and connecting structures 300 are respectively provided on the two gaps to respectively connect the first and second conductive protrusions on the two adjacent battery cells, thereby forming a first battery cell connected in series with the second battery cell through the connecting structure, and the second battery cell continues to be connected in series with the third battery cell through the connecting structure, thereby forming a three-battery cell structure connected in series from top to bottom.

[0071] Based on this, by dividing the same conductive layer along the first direction X and the second direction Y to form multiple first sub-conductive structures, and stacking second sub-conductive structures on the multiple first sub-conductive structures in a one-to-one correspondence to form multiple sub-batteries 210 connected in series in the second direction Y, the battery unit 200 composed of the multiple sub-batteries 210 in the same row forms a structure arranged at intervals along the first direction X, thereby multiplying the number of sub-batteries 210 connected in series in the battery assembly. For example, when N battery units are formed, the number of sub-batteries connected in series is N times that of a single battery unit. Accordingly, the current of the battery assembly is reduced to 1 / N of the original value, and the voltage is increased to N times the original value, thereby continuously reducing the power heat loss caused by the series resistance. Therefore, the solar cell assembly provided in the present application is divided into at least two battery units 200 and the divided battery units 200 are connected in series using a connection structure 300, which can significantly reduce the current density and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the assembly.

[0072] In the above example, at least two battery cells are arranged at intervals along a first direction on the surface of the substrate, and the battery cell includes a plurality of sub-batteries connected in series in sequence along a second direction, each sub-battery includes a stacked first sub-conductive structure and a second sub-conductive structure, and the plurality of first sub-conductive structures are formed by dividing the same conductive layer along the first direction and the second direction, and a connecting structure is provided on the gap to connect the first conductive protrusion and the second conductive protrusion of two adjacent battery cells, so that the two adjacent battery cells form a series structure, thereby achieving an exponential increase in the number of sub-batteries in the solar cell module and a corresponding multiple reduction in the series current, thereby significantly increasing the voltage and reducing the current density, so as to continuously reduce the power heat loss caused by the series resistance, and at the same time improve the efficiency of the battery module.

[0073] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG4 , the second sub-conductive structure of each sub-cell includes a photoelectric conversion layer 231 and an electrode layer 232. The photoelectric conversion layer 231 is located on a surface of the first sub-conductive structure away from the substrate 100, and the electrode layer 232 is located on a surface of the photoelectric conversion layer 231 away from the substrate 100. In the same battery cell, two adjacent sub-cells are separated by a first trench P1 formed in the first sub-conductive structure 220, so that the photoelectric conversion layer 231 is connected to the substrate 100 through the first trench P1. Furthermore, the two adjacent sub-cells are provided with a second trench P2 in the photoelectric conversion layer 231, so that the electrode layer 232 is connected to the first sub-conductive structure 220 through the second trench P2. Furthermore, the two adjacent sub-cells are provided with a third trench P3 in the electrode layer 232, the third trench P3 being located on a side of the second trench P2 away from the first trench P1. The third trench P3 sequentially penetrates the electrode layer 232 and the photoelectric conversion layer 231, thereby forming a plurality of sub-cells connected in series in the second direction.

[0074] It can be understood that by scratching the conductive layer, not only is the conductive layer divided into multiple areas arranged at intervals along the first direction (each area will subsequently constitute a battery cell), but the conductive layer of each area is also divided into first sub-conductive structures 220 arranged at intervals along the second direction, and the gap between adjacent first sub-conductive structures 220 in the same area becomes the first wire groove P1.

[0075] Furthermore, the photoelectric conversion layer 231 is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy. The photoelectric conversion layer 231 is covered on the surface of each first sub-conductive structure 220, and the photoelectric conversion layer 231 is filled in each first line groove P1. In the same lateral area, the photoelectric conversion layer 231 is provided with a second line groove P2 that is divided to expose the first sub-conductive structure 220. The second line groove P2 is located on one side of the first line groove P1, and the electrode layer 232 covers the surface of the photoelectric conversion layer 231 and each second line groove P2. That is, the electrode layer 232 is connected to the first sub-conductive structure 220 through the second line groove P2. The electrode layer 232 is provided with a third line groove P3 located on the side of the second line groove P2 away from the first line groove P1. The third line groove P3 sequentially divides the electrode layer 232 and the photoelectric conversion layer 231 to expose the first sub-conductive structure 220. The conductive layer is removed through the first line groove P1, the photoelectric conversion layer 231 is removed through the second line groove P2, and the electrode layer 232 is removed through the third line groove P3. The same horizontal area is divided into multiple small sub-cells by the lines P1, P2 and P3. The adjacent sub-cells are connected in series internally through the P1 to P3 line grooves, thereby increasing the output voltage of the component and reducing the current.

[0076] Optionally, the material of the electrode layer 232 can be a metal such as copper, silver, gold, iron, aluminum, and a transparent conductive oxide such as ITO. In addition, the spacing between the first line groove P1 and the second line groove P2 and the spacing between the second line groove P2 and the third line groove P3 can be between 30μm and 200μm. In this embodiment, the spacing is preferably 50μm.

[0077] In one embodiment, with continued reference to FIG4 , the photoelectric conversion layer 231 includes a first transmission layer 2311, a light absorbing layer 2312, and a second transmission layer 2313 stacked sequentially in a direction away from the substrate 100. The electrode layer 232 passes through the second transmission layer 2313, the light absorbing layer 2312, and the first transmission layer 2311 via a second trench P2, sequentially extending through the second transmission layer 2313, the light absorbing layer 2312, and the first transmission layer 2311 until it contacts the first sub-conductive structure 220. A third trench P3 passes through the second transmission layer 2313, the light absorbing layer 2312, and the first transmission layer 2311, exposing the first sub-conductive structure 220.

[0078] It can be understood that the photoelectric conversion layer 231 includes a first transmission layer 2311, a light absorption layer 2312 and a second transmission layer 2313 arranged in sequence from bottom to top. When the first transmission layer 2311 is an electron transmission layer, the second transmission layer 2313 is a hole transmission layer. When the first transmission layer 2311 is a hole transmission layer, the second transmission layer 2313 is an electron transmission layer. The electron transmission layer is used to extract and transport photogenerated electrons, shield holes and inhibit charge recombination. The hole transmission layer is used to collect and transport holes and effectively separate electrons and holes. The material of the light absorption layer 2312 depends on the type of solar cell component. For example, when the solar cell component is a perovskite solar cell component, the light absorption layer 2312 is a perovskite absorption layer.

[0079] Furthermore, a first transmission layer 2311, a light absorption layer 2312, and a second transmission layer 2313 are sequentially deposited on each first sub-conductive structure 220 and the first groove P1. A second groove P2 is formed by laser etching to sequentially penetrate the three-layer structure of the photoelectric conversion layer 231 until the first sub-conductive structure 220 is exposed. Then, an electrode layer 232 is deposited on the surface of the second transmission layer 2313 and the second groove P2, so that the electrode layer 232 forms contact with the first sub-conductive structure 220 through the second groove P2. Then, the electrode layer 232 is laser scribed to form a third groove P3. The third groove P3 sequentially penetrates the three-layer structure of the electrode layer 232 and the photoelectric conversion layer 231. Thus, a plurality of sub-cells connected in series are formed by scribing the grooves P1 to P3 in the second direction, wherein the first transmission layer 2311, the light absorption layer 2312, the second transmission layer 2313, and the electrode layer 232 are referred to as the second sub-conductive structure 230.

[0080] In one embodiment, in any two adjacent battery cells, the first sub-conductive structure of the sub-cell at the first end of one of the battery cells protrudes toward the gap to form a first conductive protrusion, and the electrode layer of the sub-cell at the second end of the other battery cell protrudes toward the same gap to form a second conductive protrusion.

[0081] It can be understood that when the conductive layer on the substrate is scribed, the size of the conductive layer (first sub-conductive structure) at the first end of the same battery cell is larger in the first direction than the other remaining conductive layers, that is, the first end retains a conductive layer extending toward the gap as a first conductive protrusion, and the first conductive protrusion serves as one of the positive or negative electrodes of the battery cell connected in series. The electrode layer at the second end of the next battery cell adjacent to the above-mentioned battery cell is larger in the first direction than the other remaining electrode layers of the same battery cell, that is, the second end retains an electrode layer extending toward the same gap as a second conductive protrusion, and the second conductive protrusion serves as the other positive or negative electrode of the battery cell connected in series. As a result, the connection structure provided on the gap is welded to the first conductive protrusion and the second conductive protrusion respectively, thereby realizing the series connection of the two adjacent battery cells, so that the number of sub-batteries in series is doubled.

[0082] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 2, at least two battery cells 200 include at least a head-end battery cell and a tail-end battery cell, and the head-end battery cell and the tail-end battery cell are the two battery cells farthest apart in the first direction X among the at least two battery cells; wherein, the sub-battery 210 located at the first end of the head-end battery cell is provided with a first conductive protrusion 240, and the electrode layer of the sub-battery 210 at the second end of the head-end battery cell extending toward the gap serves as a first lead terminal 260, and the first lead terminal 260 and the first conductive protrusion 240 are located on the same side of the gap; the sub-battery 210 located at the second end of the tail-end battery cell is provided with a second conductive protrusion 250, and the first sub-conductive structure of the sub-battery located at the first end of the tail-end battery cell extending toward the gap serves as a second lead terminal 270, and the second lead terminal 270 and the second conductive protrusion 250 are located on the same side of the gap.

[0083] It is understandable that the electricity generated by the solar cell assembly needs to be connected to an external circuit to realize power supply, and it is necessary to set a lead-out structure for leading to the external circuit on the solar cell assembly. Among them, in the battery cell located at the head end, a first lead terminal 260 is set on the right terminal sub-battery opposite to the first conductive protrusion 240, and the first lead terminal 260 is the excess portion of the electrode layer extending toward the gap, and in the battery cell located at the end, a second lead terminal 270 is set on the left terminal sub-battery opposite to the second conductive protrusion 250, and the second lead terminal 270 is the excess portion of the conductive layer (first sub-conductive structure) extending toward the gap. Based on this, the set first lead terminal 260 and the second lead terminal 270 can be connected to the corresponding connectors respectively, and then the connector is connected to the external circuit to realize the solar cell assembly supplying power to the external circuit.

[0084] In one embodiment, with continued reference to FIG2 , the solar cell assembly further includes: a first polarity junction box 400 and a second polarity junction box 500. The first polarity junction box 400 is used to connect to the first lead terminal 260, and the electrical type of the first polarity junction box 400 is the same as that of the first lead terminal 260. The second polarity junction box 500 is used to connect to the second lead terminal 270, and the electrical type of the second polarity junction box 500 is the same as that of the second lead terminal 270.

[0085] Among them, the junction box is used to connect the power generated by the battery assembly to the external circuit. The first lead terminal 260 is connected to the first polarity junction box 400 with the same polarity, and the second lead terminal 270 is connected to the second polarity junction box 500 with the same polarity. The two lead terminals are connected to the internal circuit in the corresponding junction box. The junction box serves as a transmission medium to make the battery assembly conductive with the external circuit.

[0086] In one embodiment, the solar cell assembly further comprises an encapsulation layer, the encapsulation layer being used to cover the surface of each of the battery cells, wherein the first polarity junction box and the second polarity junction box are provided on the surface of the encapsulation layer.

[0087] Optionally, the encapsulation layer may include an adhesive film and back glass, that is, the battery assembly is encapsulated with the adhesive film and back glass, and then the first polarity junction box and the second polarity junction box are installed to obtain a solar cell assembly with an exponentially increased number of sub-cells connected in series.

[0088] Please refer to FIG. 5 . The present application provides a method for preparing a solar cell assembly, including steps S102 to S106 .

[0089] Step S102: providing a substrate, wherein the substrate is a base body that supports the battery assembly, and optionally, the substrate can be transparent glass or a flexible substrate, and light is incident from the substrate side.

[0090] Step S104: Forming at least two battery cells arranged along a first direction on the substrate surface. A gap is defined between adjacent battery cells. The battery cells include multiple sub-cells connected in series along a second direction. Each sub-cell includes a stacked first sub-conductive structure and a second sub-conductive structure. The multiple first sub-conductive structures are formed by segmenting a single conductive layer along the first and second directions, with the first and second directions being orthogonal. In any two adjacent battery cells, a sub-cell at a first end of one battery cell includes a first conductive protrusion extending toward the gap, and a sub-cell at a second end of the other battery cell includes a second conductive protrusion extending toward the same gap. The first and second ends are opposed along the second direction.

[0091] Step S106: forming a connection structure in the gap to form a series connection between two adjacent battery cells, wherein the connection structure is used to electrically connect the first conductive protrusion and the second conductive protrusion.

[0092] By dividing the same conductive layer along the first direction and the second direction to form multiple first sub-conductive structures, and stacking second sub-conductive structures on the multiple first sub-conductive structures in a one-to-one correspondence to form multiple sub-batteries connected in series in the second direction, the battery cells composed of the multiple sub-batteries in the same row form a structure arranged at intervals along the first direction, thereby multiplying the number of sub-batteries connected in series in the battery assembly. For example, when N battery cells are formed, the number of sub-batteries connected in series is N times that of a single battery cell. Accordingly, the current of the battery assembly is reduced to 1 / N of the original value, and the voltage is increased to N times the original value, thereby continuously reducing the power heat loss caused by the series resistance. Therefore, dividing the solar cell assembly into at least two battery cells and using a connection structure to connect the divided battery cells in series can significantly reduce the current density and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the assembly.

[0093] In one embodiment, step S104 of forming at least two battery cells arranged along a first direction on the substrate surface includes steps S202 to S204 .

[0094] Step S202: forming a conductive layer on the substrate surface, and dividing the conductive layer along the second direction to form a plurality of at least two conductive regions arranged along the first direction, wherein each conductive region is divided to form a first sub-conductive structure arranged along the second direction.

[0095] As shown in FIG6 , the left figure is a cross-sectional view of the battery assembly, and the right figure is a top view of the battery assembly. First, a conductive layer is formed on the surface of the substrate 100. Optionally, the material of the conductive layer includes, but is not limited to, transparent conductive oxides such as indium tin oxide, aluminum-doped indium oxide, and metal grids such as silver, copper, gold, iron, and aluminum. Further, as shown in FIG7 , the conductive layer is scratched along the second direction (row direction) to expose the substrate 100, thereby forming at least two conductive regions arranged in an upper and lower direction ( FIG7 is illustrated by two conductive regions as an example), and the conductive layer is also scratched along the first direction (column direction) to expose the substrate 100, so that each conductive region forms a first sub-conductive structure arranged in a spaced relationship along the second direction (row direction), and the interval between two adjacent first sub-conductive structures in the same conductive region is a first wire groove P1. It can be understood that in FIG7 , the portion of the first sub-conductive structure extending toward the gap at the left end of the previous conductive region can be used as one of the positive or negative electrodes of the conductive region, and the portion of the first sub-conductive structure extending toward the gap at the left end of the next conductive region can be used as a first lead terminal to connect to a first polarity junction box with the same polarity.

[0096] Step S204 : forming a second sub-conductive structure on the conductive layer that corresponds one-to-one to the first sub-conductive structure, so that the first sub-conductive structure and the corresponding second sub-conductive structure form a sub-battery.

[0097] Step S204 forms a second sub-conductive structure on the conductive layer that corresponds one-to-one to the first sub-conductive structure and further includes steps S302 to S304.

[0098] Step S302: A photoelectric conversion layer is formed on the surfaces of each first sub-conductive structure and each first trench. The photoelectric conversion layer is etched until the first sub-conductive structure is exposed, thereby forming functional blocks arranged sequentially along the second direction on the surfaces of the first sub-conductive structures. Two adjacent functional blocks in the second direction have a second trench. The spacing between two adjacent first sub-conductive structures in the same conductive region is the first trench, and the portion of the first sub-conductive structure at the first end extending toward the first direction from the gap separating the first sub-conductive structure serves as a first conductive protrusion.

[0099] The photoelectric conversion layer includes a first transmission layer 2311, a light absorption layer 2312, and a second transmission layer 2313 stacked in sequence. That is, as shown in FIG8 , the first transmission layer 2311, the light absorption layer 2312, and the second transmission layer 2313 are deposited in sequence before each first sub-conductive structure and the first wire groove. As shown in FIG9 , the three-layer structure of the photoelectric conversion layer is laser etched until the first sub-conductive structure 220 is exposed, thereby forming two adjacent functional blocks, and the adjacent spacing is the second wire groove P2. It should be noted that the first sub-conductive structure 220 extending toward the gap at the first end (such as the left end) serves as a first conductive protrusion. Its structure is only a conductive layer, and the surface is not covered with structures such as the photoelectric conversion layer. The first sub-conductive structure 220 extending toward the gap at the first end (such as the left end) of the tail conductive region can serve as a second lead terminal for connection to the second polarity junction box.

[0100] Step S304: forming an electrode layer on each functional block and each second wire groove, and etching the electrode layer until the first sub-conductive structure is exposed to form a second sub-conductive structure arranged in sequence along the second direction on the surface of the first sub-conductive structure, and two adjacent second sub-conductive structures in the second direction have a third wire groove, and the third wire groove is located on the side of the second wire groove away from the first wire groove, wherein the electrode layer extending from the gap divided by the second sub-conductive structure at the second end toward the first direction serves as a second conductive protrusion.

[0101] As shown in FIG10 , an electrode layer 232 is formed on the surface of the functional block formed by each photoelectric conversion layer and in the second groove P2. Then, as shown in FIG11 , the electrode layer 232 is etched until the first sub-conductive structure 220 is exposed, thereby forming a second sub-conductive structure arranged in sequence on the surface of the first sub-conductive structure in the second direction. The second sub-conductive structure includes a first transmission layer 2311, a light absorption layer 2312, a second transmission layer 2313, and an electrode layer 232 stacked in sequence. The gap between two adjacent second sub-conductive structures is called a third groove P3, that is, the electrode layer 232 is connected to the first sub-conductive structure 220 through the second groove P2. A third groove P3 is provided on the electrode layer 232, which is located on a side of the second groove P2 away from the first groove P1. The third groove P3 sequentially divides the electrode layer 232 and the photoelectric conversion layer 231 to expose the first sub-conductive structure 220. The conductive layer is removed through the first line groove P1, the photoelectric conversion layer 231 is removed through the second line groove P2, and the electrode layer 232 is removed through the third line groove P3, and the same lateral area is divided into multiple small sub-batteries in the manner of marking lines P1, P2 and P3. It should be noted that in any two adjacent battery cells, for example, the battery cell at the upper end in Figure 11, the first sub-conductive structure extending from its left end is used as the first conductive protrusion 240, and the electrode layer extending from its right end is used as the first lead terminal 260, and in the battery cell at the lower end, the first sub-conductive structure extending from its left end is used as the second lead terminal 270, and the electrode layer extending from its right end is used as the second conductive protrusion 250. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 1, a connecting structure 300 is provided in the gap between adjacent battery cells to electrically connect the first conductive protrusion 240 of the upper battery cell and the second conductive protrusion 250 of the lower battery cell, thereby realizing a series structure of two adjacent battery cells.

[0102] In one embodiment, the method further includes steps S402 to S404.

[0103] Step S402: Forming an encapsulation layer on the surface of each battery cell. Optionally, the encapsulation layer may include an adhesive film and a back glass, that is, the adhesive film and the back glass are used to encapsulate the battery assembly.

[0104] Step S404: Form a first polarity junction box and a second polarity junction box corresponding to the first lead terminal and the second lead terminal, respectively, on the surface of the packaging layer. The at least two battery cells include at least a head-end battery cell and a tail-end battery cell. The sub-battery at the first end of the head-end battery cell is provided with a first conductive protrusion, and the electrode layer of the sub-battery at the second end of the head-end battery cell extending toward the gap serves as the first lead terminal. The first lead terminal and the first conductive protrusion are located on the same side of the gap. The sub-battery at the second end of the tail-end battery cell is provided with a second conductive protrusion, and the first sub-conductive structure of the sub-battery at the first end of the tail-end battery cell extending toward the gap serves as the second lead terminal. The second lead terminal and the second conductive protrusion are located on the same side of the gap.

[0105] Specifically as shown in Figure 12, the first sub-conductive structure of the sub-battery located at the first end (such as the left end) of the head battery cell (such as the upper battery cell in Figure 12) extending toward the gap serves as the first conductive protrusion 240, and the electrode layer of the sub-battery located at the second end (such as the right end) of the head battery cell (such as the upper battery cell in Figure 12) extending toward the gap serves as the first lead terminal 260; and the electrode layer of the sub-battery located at the second end (such as the right end) of the tail battery cell (such as the lower battery cell in Figure 12) extending toward the gap serves as the second conductive protrusion 250, and the first sub-conductive structure of the sub-battery located at the first end (such as the left end) of the tail battery cell (such as the lower battery cell in Figure 12) extending toward the gap serves as the second lead terminal 270. In addition, the first lead terminal 260 of the head-end battery cell is connected to the first polarity junction box 400, and the second lead terminal 270 of the tail-end battery cell is connected to the second polarity junction box 500. That is, the first lead terminal 260 is connected to the first polarity junction box 400 with the same polarity, and the second lead terminal 270 is connected to the second polarity junction box 500 with the same polarity. The two lead terminals are connected to the internal circuits in the corresponding junction boxes, and the junction box serves as a transmission medium to enable the battery assembly to be conductive with the external circuits.

[0106] The solar cell module prepared based on the above-mentioned method for preparing the solar cell module can significantly reduce the current density to continuously reduce the series resistance loss, while increasing the output voltage to improve the working efficiency of the battery module.

[0107] It should be understood that although the various steps in the flowchart of FIG5 are shown in sequence as indicated by the arrows, these steps are not necessarily performed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless otherwise specified herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and these steps can be performed in other orders. Moreover, at least a portion of the steps in FIG5 may include multiple steps or multiple stages, and these steps or stages are not necessarily performed at the same time, but can be performed at different times. The execution order of these steps or stages is not necessarily to be performed in sequence, but can be performed in turn or alternately with other steps or at least a portion of steps or stages in other steps.

[0108] Throughout this specification, references to terms such as "some embodiments," "other embodiments," and "desired embodiments" indicate that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. The schematic descriptions of these terms throughout this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.

[0109] The technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0110] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation methods of the present application. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that a person of ordinary skill in the art may make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present application, and these modifications and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present patent application shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A solar cell assembly, comprising: substrate; At least two battery cells are located on the surface of the substrate and arranged along a first direction, and a gap is provided between two adjacent battery cells. The battery cell includes a plurality of sub-batteries sequentially connected in series along a second direction, and each sub-battery includes a stacked first sub-conductive structure and a second sub-conductive structure, and the plurality of first sub-conductive structures are formed by dividing the same conductive layer along the first direction and the second direction, and the first direction is orthogonal to the second direction; wherein, in any two adjacent battery cells, a sub-battery located at a first end of one of the battery cells is provided with a first conductive protrusion extending toward the gap, and a sub-battery located at a second end of the other battery cell is provided with a second conductive protrusion extending toward the same gap, and the first end is opposite to the second end along the second direction; A connection structure is located in the gap, and is used to electrically connect the first conductive protrusion and the second conductive protrusion so that two adjacent battery cells form a series structure.

2. The solar cell assembly according to claim 1, wherein in the same battery unit, two adjacent sub-batteries are divided at the first sub-conductive structure to form a first wire groove, so that the second sub-conductive structure is connected to the substrate through the first wire groove.

3. The solar cell assembly according to claim 1, wherein the second sub-conductive structure of each sub-cell comprises: A photoelectric conversion layer is located on a surface of the first conductive sub-structure that is away from the substrate; An electrode layer, located on a surface of the photoelectric conversion layer that is away from the substrate; Among them, in the same battery unit, two adjacent sub-cells are divided in the first sub-conductive structure to form a first wire groove, so that the photoelectric conversion layer is connected to the substrate through the first wire groove; and two adjacent sub-cells are provided with a second wire groove in the photoelectric conversion layer, so that the electrode layer is connected to the first sub-conductive structure through the second wire groove; and two adjacent sub-cells are provided with a third wire groove in the electrode layer, the third wire groove is located on the side of the second wire groove away from the first wire groove, and the third wire groove sequentially penetrates the electrode layer and the photoelectric conversion layer to form a plurality of sub-cells connected in series in the second direction.

4. The solar cell assembly according to claim 3, wherein the photoelectric conversion layer comprises a first transmission layer, a light absorption layer and a second transmission layer stacked in sequence in a direction away from the substrate; in, The electrode layer passes through the second transmission layer, the light absorption layer, and the first transmission layer in sequence through the second wire groove until it contacts the first sub-conductive structure, and the third wire groove passes through the second transmission layer, the light absorption layer, and the first transmission layer in sequence until the first sub-conductive structure is exposed.

5. The solar cell assembly according to claim 3 or 4, wherein in any two adjacent battery cells, the first sub-conductive structure of the sub-cell located at the first end of one of the battery cells protrudes toward the gap to form the first conductive protrusion, and the electrode layer of the sub-cell located at the second end of the other battery cell protrudes toward the same gap to form the second conductive protrusion.

6. The solar cell assembly according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the at least two battery cells include at least a head end battery cell and a tail end battery cell, the head end battery cell and the tail end battery cell are the two battery cells farthest from each other in the first direction among the at least two battery cells; in, The sub-battery at the first end of the first-end battery unit is provided with the first conductive protrusion, and the electrode layer of the sub-battery at the second end of the first-end battery unit extending toward the gap serves as a first lead terminal, and the first lead terminal and the first conductive protrusion are located on the same side of the gap; as well as The sub-battery at the second end of the tail battery cell is provided with the second conductive protrusion, and the first sub-conductive structure of the sub-battery at the first end of the tail battery cell extending toward the gap serves as a second lead terminal, and the second lead terminal and the second conductive protrusion are located on the same side of the gap.

7. The solar cell assembly according to claim 6, wherein the solar cell assembly further comprises: A first polarity junction box, used to be connected to the first lead terminal, the electrical type of the first polarity junction box being the same as the electrical type of the first lead terminal; The second polarity junction box is used to be connected to the second lead terminal, and the electrical type of the second polarity junction box is the same as the electrical type of the second lead terminal.

8. The solar cell assembly according to claim 7, further comprising: An encapsulation layer, used to cover the surface of each of the battery cells; Wherein, the first polarity junction box and the second polarity junction box are arranged on the surface of the packaging layer. 9 . The solar cell assembly according to claim 3 , wherein the spacing between the first wire groove and the second wire groove is between 30 μm and 200 μm; and the spacing between the second wire groove and the third wire groove is between 30 μm and 200 μm.

10. A method for preparing a solar cell module, comprising: providing a substrate; At least two battery cells are formed on the surface of the substrate along a first direction, and a gap is provided between two adjacent battery cells. The battery cell includes a plurality of sub-batteries sequentially connected in series along a second direction, and each sub-battery includes a stacked first sub-conductive structure and a second sub-conductive structure. The plurality of first sub-conductive structures are formed by dividing the same conductive layer along the first direction and the second direction, and the first direction is orthogonal to the second direction. Among any two adjacent battery cells, a sub-battery located at a first end of one of the battery cells is provided with a first conductive protrusion extending toward the gap, and a sub-battery located at a second end of the other battery cell is provided with a second conductive protrusion extending toward the same gap, and the first end and the second end are opposite to each other along the second direction. A connection structure is formed in the gap so that two adjacent battery cells form a series structure, wherein the connection structure is used to electrically connect the first conductive protrusion and the second conductive protrusion.

11. The method for preparing a solar cell assembly according to claim 10, wherein forming at least two battery units arranged along a first direction on the surface of the substrate comprises: A conductive layer is formed on the surface of the substrate, and the conductive layer is divided along the second direction to form a plurality of conductive layers arranged along the first direction. at least two conductive regions, each conductive region being divided to form a first sub-conductive structure arranged along the second direction; Second sub-conductive structures corresponding to the first sub-conductive structures are formed on the conductive layer, so that the first sub-conductive structures and the corresponding second sub-conductive structures form the sub-battery.

12. The method for preparing a solar cell assembly according to claim 11, wherein a first wire groove is formed between two adjacent first sub-conductive structures in the same conductive region; and forming a second sub-conductive structure corresponding to the first sub-conductive structure on the conductive layer comprises: Forming a photoelectric conversion layer on the surface of each of the first sub-conductive structures and each of the first wire grooves, and etching the photoelectric conversion layer until the first sub-conductive structure is exposed, so as to form functional blocks arranged in sequence along the second direction on the surface of the first sub-conductive structure, and two adjacent functional blocks in the second direction have a second wire groove; An electrode layer is formed on each of the functional blocks and each of the second wire grooves, and the electrode layer is etched until the first sub-conductive structure is exposed to form the second sub-conductive structures arranged in sequence along the second direction on the surface of the first sub-conductive structure, and two adjacent second sub-conductive structures in the second direction have a third wire groove, and the third wire groove is located on the side of the second wire groove away from the first wire groove.

13. The method for preparing a solar cell assembly according to claim 12, wherein in any two adjacent battery cells, the first sub-conductive structure of the sub-battery located at the first end of one of the battery cells protrudes toward the gap to form the first conductive protrusion, and the second sub-conductive structure of the other battery cell located at the second end has an electrode layer extending toward the gap divided in the first direction as a second conductive protrusion.

14. The method for preparing a solar cell assembly according to claim 12, wherein the at least two battery cells include at least a head-end battery cell and a tail-end battery cell, the sub-cell at the first end of the head-end battery cell is provided with the first conductive protrusion, the electrode layer of the sub-cell at the second end of the head-end battery cell extending toward the gap serves as a first lead terminal, and the first lead terminal and the first conductive protrusion are located on the same side of the gap; as well as The sub-battery at the second end of the tail battery unit is provided with the second conductive protrusion, and the first sub-conductive structure of the sub-battery at the first end of the tail battery unit extending toward the gap serves as a second lead terminal, and the second lead terminal and the second conductive protrusion are located on the same side of the gap; The method further comprises: forming a packaging layer on the surface of each of the battery cells; A first polarity junction box and a second polarity junction box corresponding to the first lead terminal and the second lead terminal are formed on the surface of the packaging layer.

15. The method for preparing a solar cell assembly according to claim 12, wherein forming a photoelectric conversion layer on the surface of each of the first sub-conductive structures and each of the first wire grooves comprises: A first transmission layer, a light absorption layer, and a second transmission layer are sequentially deposited on each of the first sub-conductive structures and each of the first wire grooves.

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