Gas sampling device and gas sampling method

Abstract

A gas sampling device for sampling gas generated from a deposit (1) including at least one of soil and a plant includes: a sheet (2, 32) installed so as to surround the entirety of the deposit (1); and a sampling unit (50) for sampling gas inside a space surrounded by the sheet (2, 32).

Description

Gas sampling device and gas sampling method

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a gas sampling device and a gas sampling method.

[0002] Palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) pellets, a solid biomass fuel derived from palm oil, are expected to be a carbon-neutral fuel that utilizes unused biomass. Lifecycle GHG calculations are necessary to evaluate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction effects of biomass fuels. However, discarded EFBs are left piled up on plantations, and there is a need to establish a method for measuring GHG emissions in the actual environment.

[0003] Conventional methods for measuring gases generated from biomass or soil include, for example, placing a measurement object in a chamber or covering a portion of the measurement object with a chamber. Patent Document 1 discloses a gas measurement technique for measuring the concentration and amount of methane gas generated in soil. Patent Document 1 also discloses a gas measurement device including a generated gas collection unit, a measurement gas introduction unit, an introduced gas processing unit, and a gas detection unit.

[0004] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 11-281605

[0005] However, when measuring objects such as EFBs that are piled up and left on farms, it is difficult to measure the entire object using the gas measuring device of Patent Document 1. Furthermore, when the objects are piled up, the environmental conditions differ in a complex manner between the interior and surface of the object, making it difficult to predict GHG emissions in a real environment using small-scale laboratory culture tests such as those in Patent Document 1, and there are problems with the accuracy of the measurements.

[0006] Therefore, an object of the present disclosure is to provide a gas sampling device and a gas sampling method that enable on-site measurement of gases generated from deposits including at least one of soil and plants, and that improves measurement accuracy.

[0007] The gas sampling device according to the present disclosure is a gas sampling device that samples gas generated from deposits containing at least one of soil and plants, and includes a sheet that is installed to surround the entire deposit, and a sampling unit that samples gas inside the space surrounded by the sheet.

[0008] The entire deposit is covered with a sheet, the sheet having a hole or a notch, a chamber connected to the sheet so as to surround the hole or the notch in the sheet, and the chamber may be connected to a collection portion.

[0009] The gas collection device may include a fixing portion that fixes the lower portion of the sheet to the ground on which the pile is placed, and seals the space surrounded by the sheet.

[0010] A plurality of posts may be erected on the ground on which the pile is placed, and the sheet may be attached between the posts and placed so as to surround the entire periphery of the pile.

[0011] The gas collection device may include a top plate on top of the multiple supports, the top plate having holes through which the space enclosed by the sheet is connected to the collection section, and the gas collection device may include a fixing section that fixes the lower part of the sheet to the ground on which the deposit is placed and seals the space enclosed by the sheet.

[0012] The gas sampling device may include a measuring section connected to the sampling section, and the gas sampled by the sampling section may be introduced into the measuring section, and the concentration of the gas may be measured by the measuring section.

[0013] The gas collection device may include a fan inside the space surrounded by the sheet.

[0014] The gas sampling device may be provided with a thermometer inside the space surrounded by the sheet.

[0015] The sediment may include palm empty fruit bunches.

[0016] The plurality of support poles may be structured to be extendable in a direction perpendicular to the ground.

[0017] The top plate may be a lid that can be opened and closed.

[0018] Gas is CO ２ , N２ O and CH ４ It may contain at least one selected from the group consisting of:

[0019] The gas collection method according to the present disclosure is a gas collection method for collecting gas generated from deposits containing at least one of soil and plants, in which a sheet is placed so as to surround the entire deposit, and the gas inside the space surrounded by the sheet is collected by a collection unit.

[0020] The present disclosure aims to provide a gas sampling device and a gas sampling method that enable on-site measurement of gases generated from deposits including at least one of soil and plants, and that improves measurement accuracy.

[0021] Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a deposit placed on the ground according to the first embodiment. Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the deposit is covered with a sheet of the gas sampling device and gas is measured according to the first embodiment. Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the deposit is covered with a sheet of the gas sampling device and gas is measured according to the second embodiment. Fig. 4 is a perspective view showing an overview of a storage section of the gas sampling device according to the second embodiment.

[0022] Hereinafter, several exemplary embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the dimensional proportions of the drawings are exaggerated for the convenience of explanation and may differ from the actual proportions.

[0023] [First Embodiment] The gas sampling device according to this embodiment is a gas sampling device for sampling gas generated from deposits containing at least one of soil and plants. The gas sampling device includes a sheet that is installed to surround the entire deposit, and a sampling unit that samples gas within the space surrounded by the sheet. This makes it possible to perform on-site measurement of gas generated from the deposit 1, even when the deposit 1 to be measured is placed on the ground 10 as shown in Figure 1.

[0024] The sediment 1 to be measured by the gas sampling device is not particularly limited, but can be used for soil and plants to be measured for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions when evaluating the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction effect of biomass fuels. The plants to be measured may include, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of herbaceous biomass, processed products thereof, and waste. The herbaceous biomass may include at least one selected from the group consisting of oil palm, rice, wheat, banana, sugarcane, corn, cassava, sago palm, nipa palm, yam, sorghum, and potato. The woody biomass may include at least one selected from the group consisting of cedar, cypress, pine, eucalyptus, beech, apple, and mandarin orange. Furthermore, the plants to be measured may be, for example, waste materials discharged from the palm oil production process, such as empty fruit bunches (EFBs), palm kernel shells (PKSs), oil palm trunks (OPTs), and oil palm mesocarp fibers (OPMFs). In particular, the deposit 1 may include empty fruit bunches (EFBs) used in producing EFB pellets, which are solid biomass fuel.

[0025] The gases measured by the gas sampling device are not particularly limited, but include greenhouse gases (GHG), carbon dioxide (CO ２ ), nitrous oxide (N ２ O), methane (CH ４ ), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF ６ ), nitrogen trifluoride (NF ３ In particular, CO 2 , which accounts for a large proportion of the total greenhouse gas emissions, may be included. ２ , N ２ O and CH ４It may contain at least one selected from the group consisting of:

[0026] The gas sampling device according to this embodiment is shown in FIG. 2. The gas sampling device includes a sheet 2 that is installed so as to surround the entire deposit 1. The sheet 2 may be installed so as to cover the entire deposit 1. This makes it possible to perform on-site measurements of the entire deposit 1, such as EFB that has been left piled up on a farm. Furthermore, since the differences in environmental conditions between the interior and surface of the deposit 1 are complex, measuring the entire deposit 1 in this manner improves measurement accuracy compared to conventional small-scale laboratory culture tests.

[0027] Gas generated from the deposit 1 diffuses into the space covered by the sheet 2. The size, thickness, shape, and material of the sheet 2 are not limited as long as it can be deformed to cover the entire deposit 1.

[0028] The gas generated from the deposit 1 may flow into a chamber 3 connected to the sheet 2 and be collected. By providing the chamber 3 as shown in Figure 2, the gas generated from the deposit 1 is collected in the space of the chamber 3, and the gas concentration becomes uniform within the chamber 3. The size, shape, and material of the chamber 3 are not limited as long as it can collect the gas generated from the deposit 1.

[0029] The sheet 2 may have a hole or cutout 5. As shown in FIG. 2 , the chamber 3 may be placed over the sheet 2 from the outside so as to surround the hole or cutout 5, and the gap between the sheet 2 and the chamber 3 may be sealed and fixed with tape, thereby connecting the chamber 3 to the sheet 2. Alternatively, the chamber 3 may be inserted from the inside to the outside of the sheet 2 through the hole or cutout 5, and the gap between the sheet 2 and the chamber 3 may be sealed and fixed with tape, thereby connecting the chamber 3 to the sheet 2 so as to surround the hole or cutout 5. By connecting the chamber 3 to the sheet 2 in this way, gas generated from the deposit 1 can be collected in the chamber 3.

[0030] The gas sampling device may include a fixing portion 8 for fixing the lower portion of the sheet 2 to the ground 10 on which the deposit 1 is placed and for sealing the space surrounded by the sheet 2. The fixing portion 8 is not particularly limited in shape or material as long as it can fix the sheet 2 to the ground 10 and seal the space surrounded by the sheet 2. The fixing portion 8 may be, for example, a type that is inserted into the portion of the sheet 2 that is in contact with the ground, or a type that has a weight placed on it. The fixing portion 8 may also be formed by attaching tape to seal the gap between the sheet 2 and the ground 10. Furthermore, the fixing portion 8 may be a base large enough to surround the deposit 1, and the tip of the base may be embedded in the ground 10. Note that a combination of multiple types of fixing portions 8 may be used.

[0031] The gas sampling device includes a sampling unit 50 that samples gas inside the space surrounded by the sheet 2. The chamber 3 may be connected to the sampling unit 50. The sampling unit 50 is an instrument or device that manually or automatically samples gas via a tube 6 in order to measure the concentration of the gas trapped in the chamber 3. Specifically, the sampling unit 50 includes, for example, an instrument or device that aspirates gas, such as a syringe or pump, and a container in which the aspirated gas is sampled.

[0032] The measuring unit 60 may be connected to the sampling unit 50 as shown in Fig. 2. By connecting the measuring unit 60 to the sampling unit 50, the gas sampled by the sampling unit 50 is automatically introduced into the measuring unit 60, and the concentration of the gas can be continuously measured by the measuring unit 60. Furthermore, the measuring device used in the measuring unit 60 may be a gas chromatograph with a thermal conductivity detector, a gas chromatograph with an ECD detector, a gas chromatograph with a hydrogen flame ionization detector, or the like.

[0033] On the other hand, the measurement unit 60 does not have to be connected to the sampling unit 50. When the measurement unit is not connected to the sampling unit, the gas may be sampled by a syringe, which is the sampling unit 50, via the tube 6, and then measured at appropriate times by the measuring device used in the measurement unit as described above.

[0034] The gas collection device may be provided with a fan (not shown) inside the space surrounded by the sheet 2. By providing a fan, the gas concentration inside the space surrounded by the sheet becomes uniform, thereby improving the accuracy of measurement.

[0035] The gas sampling device may be provided with a thermometer (not shown) inside the space surrounded by the sheet 2. By providing the thermometer, it becomes possible to utilize temperature data when measuring the gas concentration.

[0036] Second Embodiment Next, a gas sampling device according to a second embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 1, 3, and 4. In the description of the second embodiment, the description of the same parts as those in the first embodiment will be omitted or simplified.

[0037] As shown in Figure 1, a deposit 1 is placed on the ground 10. Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the state when the deposit 1 is covered with a sheet of a gas sampling device and gas is measured. Figure 4 is a perspective view showing an outline of the storage unit 30 of the gas sampling device in Figure 3, with the deposit 1 not placed inside the storage unit 30.

[0038] The gas collection device according to this embodiment may have a plurality of support pillars 33 erected on the ground 10 on which the deposit 1 is placed, as shown in Fig. 4. Although Fig. 4 shows four support pillars 33, the number is not particularly limited as long as it can surround the periphery of the deposit 1.

[0039] The gas sampling device includes a sheet 32 ​​that is installed to surround the entire deposit 1. The sheet 32 ​​may be attached between the multiple supports 33 by wrapping it around the outside of the supports 33, and the sheet 32 ​​may be arranged to surround the entire periphery of the deposit 1. The gas sampling device may also include a top plate 34 on top of the multiple supports 33. In this manner, the entire periphery of the deposit 1 is surrounded by the sheet 32, and a storage section 30 is formed, which is a space above the deposit 1 that is sealed by the top plate 34. Note that, in order to stably maintain the sealed state of the storage section 30, tape may be applied to seal and secure the gaps between the sheet 32 ​​and the multiple supports 33, the top plate 34, and a fixing section 38 (described later). The size, shape, and material of the sheet 32, the multiple supports 33, and the top plate 34 are not particularly limited.

[0040] The gas collection device may include a fixing portion 38 for fixing the lower portion of the sheet 32 ​​to the ground 10 on which the deposit 1 is placed and for sealing the interior of the storage unit 30. The fixing portion 38 is not particularly limited in shape or material as long as it can fix the sheet 32 ​​to the ground 10 and seal the interior of the storage unit 30. The fixing portion 38 may also be the same as the fixing portion 8 in the first embodiment. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 4 , the fixing portion 38 may be a pedestal that surrounds the lower portion of the storage unit 30, or may have a shape that is embedded in the ground 10. In this case, the tip of the pedestal may be tapered to make it easier to embed in the ground 10. Note that a combination of multiple types of fixing portions 38 may be used.

[0041] As shown in Figure 3, a space is secured between the deposit 1 and the inside of the storage unit 30. The gas generated from the deposit 1 diffuses into the space inside the storage unit 30, making the concentration of the gas generated from the deposit 1 uniform and further improving the accuracy of the measurement. Furthermore, since a more sufficient spatial volume is maintained than in the first embodiment, there is no need to connect a part such as the chamber 3 to the outside of the storage unit 30.

[0042] The gas sampling device includes a sampling unit 50 that samples gas in the space surrounded by the sheet 32, i.e., the inside of the storage unit 30. The top plate 34 may also have a hole 35. The storage unit 30 may be connected to the sampling unit 50 that samples gas in the storage unit 30 via the hole 35 and a tube 36 extending from the hole 35. The sampling unit 50 is an instrument or device that manually or automatically samples gas via the tube 36 in order to measure the concentration of the gas trapped in the storage unit 30, and is similar to that of the first embodiment.

[0043] As in the first embodiment, the measuring unit 60 may be connected to the sampling unit 50 as shown in Fig. 3. By connecting the measuring unit 60 to the sampling unit 50, the gas sampled by the sampling unit 50 is automatically introduced into the measuring unit 60, making it possible for the measuring unit 60 to continuously measure the gas concentration. Also, as in the first embodiment, the measuring unit 60 does not have to be connected to the sampling unit 50.

[0044] The plurality of support columns 33 may have a structure that is extendable and contractable in a direction perpendicular to the ground 10. By having a structure that is extendable and contractable in a direction perpendicular to the ground 10, it becomes possible to change the internal volume of the storage section 30, and it becomes possible to prepare a gas collection device according to the height of the deposits.

[0045] The gas collection device may be provided with a fan 37 inside the storage unit 30 as shown in Fig. 4. By providing a fan, the gas concentration inside the storage unit 30 becomes uniform, thereby improving the accuracy of measurement.

[0046] The gas sampling device may include a thermometer (not shown) inside the storage section 30. By including the thermometer, it becomes possible to utilize temperature data when measuring the concentration of the gas.

[0047] The top plate 34 may be an openable / closable lid. When the top plate 34 is an openable / closable lid, the pile 1 placed inside the storage unit 30 can be easily adjusted.

[0048] As described above, the gas sampling device according to this embodiment is a gas sampling device that samples gas generated from deposits containing at least one of soil and plants. The gas sampling device includes a sheet that is installed to surround the entire deposit, and a sampling unit that samples gas within the space surrounded by the sheet. This allows for on-site measurement of gas generated from deposits even when the deposits to be measured are placed on the ground. Furthermore, by measuring the entire deposit on-site, the accuracy of measuring gas emissions in a real environment can be improved compared to conventional small-scale incubation tests in a laboratory.

[0049] The gas sampling method of this embodiment is a gas sampling method for sampling gas generated from deposits containing at least one of soil and plants, in which a sheet is placed so as to surround the entire deposit, and the gas inside the space surrounded by the sheet is sampled by a sampling unit. Therefore, the gas sampling method of this embodiment makes it possible to measure the entire deposit on site.

[0050] In the case of deposits such as EFBs piled up and left on farms, the environmental conditions inside the deposits and on the surface are complexly different. Therefore, it is difficult to predict gas emissions using conventional small-scale laboratory culture tests, and there has been a need to establish a method for measuring and sampling gas emissions in real environments. The gas sampling method of this embodiment makes it possible to sample gases generated from deposits even when the deposits are placed on the ground, thereby improving the accuracy of measuring gas emissions in real environments compared to conventional measurement methods.

[0051] Although several embodiments have been described, the embodiments can be modified or varied based on the above disclosure. All components of the above embodiments and all features described in the claims may be individually extracted and combined, unless they contradict each other.

[0052] This disclosure can contribute, for example, to Goal 7 of the United Nations-led Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), "Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all" and Goal 13, "Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts."

[0053] The entire contents of Japanese Patent Application No. 2023-097717 (filing date: June 14, 2023) are incorporated herein by reference.

[0054] REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 Deposit 2, 32 Sheet 3 Chamber 5, 35 Hole (notch) 8, 38 Fixing part 6, 36 Tube 10 Ground 30 Storage part 33 Support 34 Top plate 37 Fan 50 Sampling part 60 Measuring part

Claims

1. A gas sampling device for sampling gas generated from a deposit including at least one of soil and plants, comprising: a sheet installed so as to surround the entire deposit; and a sampling unit for sampling gas within a space surrounded by the sheet.

2. The gas sampling device of claim 1, wherein the entire deposit is covered with the sheet, the sheet has a hole or a cut, a chamber is connected to the sheet so as to surround the hole or the cut in the sheet, and the chamber is connected to the sampling section.

3. A gas sampling device as described in claim 1 or 2, further comprising a fixing part for fixing a lower part of the sheet to the ground on which the deposit is placed and sealing the space enclosed by the sheet.

4. The gas sampling device of claim 1, wherein a plurality of supports are erected on the ground on which the pile is disposed, and the sheet is attached between the plurality of supports and disposed so as to surround the entire periphery of the pile.

5. A gas sampling device as described in claim 4, further comprising a top plate on the upper part of the plurality of supports, the top plate having holes through which the space enclosed by the sheet is connected to the sampling section, and a fixing section for fixing the lower part of the sheet to the ground on which the deposit is placed and sealing the space enclosed by the sheet.

6. A gas sampling device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a measuring unit connected to said sampling unit, wherein the gas sampled by said sampling unit is introduced into said measuring unit, and wherein the concentration of said gas is measured by said measuring unit.

7. A gas sampling device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a fan provided inside the space enclosed by the sheet.

8. A gas sampling device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a thermometer provided inside the space enclosed by the sheet.

9. A gas sampling apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the deposit comprises palm empty fruit bunches.

10. A gas sampling device as described in claim 4 or 5, wherein the plurality of support columns are structured to be extendable and scalable in a direction perpendicular to the ground.

11. The gas sampling apparatus of claim 5, wherein the top plate is a retractable lid.

12. The gas is CO ２ , N ２ O and CH ４ The gas sampling device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of:

13. A gas sampling method for sampling gas generated from a deposit containing at least one of soil and plants, comprising: placing a sheet so as to surround the entire deposit; and sampling gas within the space surrounded by the sheet using a sampling unit.

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