Space division and mode division multiplexing downlink communication method and apparatus, and electronic device and medium

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the technical fields of communications and artificial intelligence, and in particular relates to a space division and mode division multiplexing downlink communication method and apparatus applied to an intelligent and lean network communication scenario, and an electronic device and a medium. The specific implementation is as follows: pairing a plurality of user sides according to requirement types of the user sides to determine common information and characteristic information between the plurality of user sides; a base station adjusting a beam coverage area according to position information of a first type of user sides, such that the same beam emitted by the base station can cover all of the first type of user sides, and the base station then sending the common information to the first type of user sides; and the base station adjusting the beam coverage area, such that an individual beam emitted by the base station can cover a corresponding second type of user sides, and the base station then sending the characteristic information to the second type of user sides. The beam coverage area is adjusted with regard to position information of different users, and at the same time, characteristic and semantic information of a plurality of users is sent, thus saving on the communication cost, and improving the communication efficiency and the communication quality.

Description

Downlink communication method, device, electronic device, and medium using space division and mode division multiplexing

[0001] This disclosure claims priority to a Chinese patent application filed with the Patent Office of China on June 21, 2023, with application number 202310745605.2 and invention name “Downlink communication method, device, electronic device, and medium for space division and mode division multiplexing,” the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present disclosure relates to the fields of communications and artificial intelligence technologies, and in particular to a downlink communication method, device, electronic device, and medium for space division and mode division multiplexing in an intelligent and simplified network communication scenario. Background Art

[0003] With the advent and development of semantic communication, the amount of data used in traditional communications has been significantly reduced. Semantic communication primarily integrates user needs and information meaning into the communication process. Semantic communication can further compress data while preserving semantic meaning by extracting the meaning of data and filtering out useless, irrelevant, and non-essential information, thereby processing data in the semantic domain.

[0004] Existing semantic communication methods, especially when base stations transmit information to multiple users, may require overlapping information. If the base station transmits the same information to multiple users using different time, frequency, or spatial resources, this wastes communication resources. Therefore, a communication method that builds on semantic communication and further improves communication resource utilization is needed.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present disclosure provides a downlink communication method, device, electronic device, and medium for space division and mode division multiplexing in an intelligent and simplified network communication scenario.

[0007] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a downlink communication method using space division and mode division multiplexing is provided, which is applied to a scenario where a base station transmits information to multiple user terminals simultaneously, and is characterized by comprising:

[0008] Pairing the plurality of user terminals according to the requirement type of each user terminal: determining common information and characteristic information among the plurality of user terminals, and determining the user terminals requiring the common information as first-category user terminals, and determining the user terminals requiring the characteristic information as second-category user terminals;

[0009] The base station determines the location information of each of the user terminals;

[0010] The base station adjusts the beam coverage range according to the location information of the first type of user terminals, so that the same beam transmitted by the base station can cover all the first type of user terminals;

[0011] The base station sends the common information to all first-category user terminals;

[0012] The base station adjusts the beam coverage range according to the location information of the second-category user terminal, so that one or more beams transmitted by the base station can cover the corresponding second-category user terminal;

[0013] The base station sends the corresponding characteristic information to the corresponding second-category user terminal.

[0014] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a downlink communication device using space division and mode division multiplexing is provided, which is applied to a scenario in which a base station transmits information to multiple user terminals simultaneously, and is characterized by comprising:

[0015] The user pairing module is configured to pair the plurality of user terminals according to the requirement type of each user terminal: determine common information and characteristic information between the plurality of user terminals, and determine the user terminals requiring the common information as first-category user terminals, and determine the user terminals requiring the characteristic information as second-category user terminals;

[0016] a location determination module, configured to determine location information of each of the user terminals;

[0017] a beam adjustment module configured to adjust the beam coverage range of the base station according to the location information of the first type of user terminals, so that the same beam transmitted by the base station can cover all the first type of user terminals;

[0018] an information transmission module, configured to send the common information to all first-category user terminals;

[0019] The beam adjustment module adjusts the beam coverage range according to the location information of the second type of user terminal, so that one or more beams transmitted by the base station can cover the corresponding second type of user terminal;

[0020] The information transmission module sends the corresponding characteristic information to the corresponding second-type user terminal.

[0021] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an electronic device, including:

[0022] at least one processor; and

[0023] a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein,

[0024] The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to execute any one of the methods described in the above technical solutions.

[0025] According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions is provided, wherein the computer instructions are used to enable the computer to execute any one of the methods described above.

[0026] According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program product is provided, comprising a computer program, wherein the computer program implements any one of the methods described above when executed by a processor.

[0027] The present disclosure provides a downlink communication method, device, electronic device, and medium for space division and mode division multiplexing in an intelligent and simplified network communication scenario, which broadens the spatial resources in mode division multiple access semantic communication, adjusts the beam coverage range according to different user location information, and simultaneously sends characteristic semantic information of multiple users to realize a downlink semantic communication method using space division multiple access and mode division multiple access, thereby saving communication costs and improving communication efficiency and communication quality.

[0028] It should be understood that the content described in this section is not intended to identify the key or important features of the embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily understood through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] The accompanying drawings are provided to facilitate a better understanding of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG1 is a diagram showing the steps for implementing a downlink communication method using space division and mode division multiplexing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0031] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of user pairing in step S101 in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0032] FIG3 is a diagram showing a principle of beam adjustment for sending common information in step S103 in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0033] FIG4 is a diagram showing a principle of beam adjustment for sending characteristic information in step S105 in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0034] FIG5 is a principle block diagram of a downlink communication device using space division and mode division multiplexing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0035] FIG6 is a block diagram of an electronic device for implementing the downlink communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following description of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure is made in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, including various details of the embodiments of the present disclosure to facilitate understanding. These details should be considered as merely exemplary. Therefore, those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications may be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Similarly, for the sake of clarity and conciseness, descriptions of well-known functions and structures are omitted in the following description.

[0037] Explanation of terms:

[0038] Wave beam: refers to the shape of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the antenna on the surface of the earth (to help understand, it is like the beam of light emitted by a flashlight into the dark). Its shape is determined by the transmitting antenna.

[0039] Multi-access: When multiple users access a common transmission medium to communicate with each other, it is necessary to distinguish users in a certain domain. Common domains include the time domain, which distinguishes users by time; the frequency domain, which distinguishes users by frequency; and the spatial domain, which distinguishes users by space.

[0040] Spatial Division Multiple Access (SDMA), also known as multi-beam frequency multiplexing, is a technology that uses spatially spaced channels to separate channels. Frequency, time, and codewords are shared, and different channels are formed by occupying different transmission media. This method of dividing different spatial paths primarily relies on smart antenna technology. Ideally, the antenna assigns a spot beam to each user. This allows the wireless signal of each user to be differentiated based on their spatial location, achieving multiple access.

[0041] Model Division Multiple Access (MDMA): In semantic communication, based on the same or similar source types between different users, MDMA extracts common and specific semantic information from multiple user data and then transmits it sequentially. For example, if two users request short videos of cats, but different breeds, the common semantic information of the requested source is "cat," and the specific semantic information of each user is the corresponding breed.

[0042] Semantic coding: The semantic information contained in business information. Depending on the semantic type, this can be further categorized into text semantic coding, image semantic coding, audio semantic coding, video semantic coding, and point cloud semantic coding. The possible types of semantic coding are related to the possible types of business information and can encompass all possible types of semantic coding for communication transmission. The generation of semantic coding is also dependent on the semantic coding model, which can utilize models from various disciplines, such as artificial intelligence, deep learning, and pattern recognition.

[0043] Semantic multiple access: After converting the service information to be transmitted into semantic codes, the semantic codes are split into common parts and individual parts. The common parts and the individual parts corresponding to each semantic code are transmitted to perform multiple access transmission.

[0044] Business information: Information related to information business services. Depending on the information type, this information can be categorized as text business information, image business information, voice business information, video business information, and point cloud business information. It can also be categorized as structured information and unstructured information. It can also encompass all possible types of business information transmitted via communications.

[0045] Common information: After multiple business information is converted into multiple semantic codes, the common part obtained by superimposing multiple semantic codes on the semantic domain.

[0046] Characteristic information: After the business information is converted into semantic code, the semantic code can be divided into a common part and a characteristic part. The semantic code obtained by converting the business information is different from the characteristic part of the common part in the semantic domain.

[0047] Transmitter and Receiver: A channel connects the two ends. The transmitter (transmitter) has an encoder, and the receiver (receiver) has a decoder. This disclosure is based on semantic encoding and decoding. Therefore, the transmitter has a semantic encoder, and the receiver has a semantic decoder. Both the transmitter and receiver operate at the semantic layer, with the underlying Shannon physical layer remaining.

[0048] Artificial Intelligence Models: These include AI semantic encoding models and AI semantic decoding models. The AI ​​semantic encoding model encodes service information from a source into semantic information. This semantic information is transmitted over a communication channel. The AI ​​semantic decoder decodes the semantic information transmitted over the channel into service information. Depending on the semantic type, AI models can be categorized as text AI models, audio AI models, image AI models, video AI models, point cloud AI models, one-dimensional waveform models, radar data models, and so on. The AI ​​model type is related to the semantic encoding type and service information type, and can encompass all possible types of models for communication transmission.

[0049] The present disclosure provides a downlink communication method using space division and mode division multiplexing, which is applied to a scenario where a base station transmits information to multiple user terminals at the same time, as shown in FIG1 , including:

[0050] Step S101, pairing multiple user terminals according to the requirement type of each user terminal: determining common information and characteristic information among the multiple user terminals, and determining the user terminals requiring common information as the first type of user terminals, and determining the user terminals requiring characteristic information as the second type of user terminals;

[0051] Step S102: The base station determines the location information of each user terminal;

[0052] Step S103: The base station adjusts the beam coverage range according to the location information of the first type of user terminals, so that the same beam transmitted by the base station can cover all the first type of user terminals;

[0053] Step S104: The base station sends common information to all first-category user terminals;

[0054] Step S105: The base station adjusts the beam coverage range according to the location information of the second type of user terminals, so that one or more beams transmitted by the base station can cover the corresponding second type of user terminals;

[0055] Step S106: The base station sends corresponding characteristic information to the corresponding second type of user terminal.

[0056] Exemplarily, this embodiment uses the downlink communication method in a scenario where multiple users watch short videos, and the communication process includes the following steps:

[0057] In step S101, multiple users are simultaneously using a short video app and sending their respective video content requests to a base station. Based on each user's request type, the base station pairs users of the same type, or the same dataset or source type. For example, it pairs users who all request pet content videos and records their corresponding user locations. Pet content videos represent the common information shared by multiple users. As shown in Figure 2, if user 1's request type is for food content videos, and users 2 and 3's request types are for pet content videos, users 2 and 3 are considered to have common information. Base station G can pair users 2 and 3, identifying them as first-category users and user 1 as second-category users.

[0058] According to the paired users of the same type, based on the user location information, the base station smart antenna can be adjusted so that the signal beam range emitted by the base station can cover the paired user pairs. Then the base station only needs to send common information to multiple paired users once through the same beam at the same time. For example, as shown in Figure 3, base station G sends pet content videos to multiple paired users (user 2, user 3) at the same time through the same beam W1.

[0059] As shown in Figure 4, after base station G sends common information to the first type of user terminals (User 2 and User 3), it adjusts the base station's smart antenna based on each user's location information so that each user terminal is covered by a separate beam. For example, beam W2 covers User 2, and beam W3 covers User 3. The base station then simultaneously transmits the characteristic information required by each user terminal through the corresponding beam within the coverage area of ​​each beam. Specifically, beam W2 sends the required characteristic information to User 2, and beam W3 sends the required characteristic information to User 3. Once these transmissions are complete, downlink communication is complete.

[0060] Furthermore, after each user terminal receives all the common information and individual information sent by the base station, the user terminal can integrate and decode the characteristic information and common information to obtain the semantic information required by the user terminal, thereby completing the downlink transmission process. Through the semantic model multiple access method, the base station only needs to transmit one copy of common information to two users and transmit characteristic information to the two users separately, saving the transmission time and bandwidth for transmitting common information, avoiding the waste of communication resources, and improving communication efficiency. At the same time, when using the semantic multiple access method to transmit information to the user terminal, the base station's beam direction and beam coverage are flexibly adjusted based on the transmission characteristics of common information and characteristic information, thereby improving the utilization rate of communication resources and the quality of information transmission.

[0061] As an optional implementation, the base station adjusts the beam direction and beam width of its smart antenna to adjust the beam coverage. For example, as shown in Figure 4, the number of smart antenna beams is adjusted to two, namely beam W2 and beam W3. The direction of beam W2 is adjusted toward user 2, and the width of beam W2 is adjusted to just cover user 2. This avoids wasting resources and also improves the signal quality received by user 2. Similarly, the direction of beam W3 is adjusted toward user 3, and the width of beam W3 is adjusted to just cover user 3.

[0062] As an optional implementation manner, before pairing multiple user terminals according to the requirement type of each user terminal, the method further includes:

[0063] The base station determines whether the user terminal is located within the maximum beam coverage of the base station based on the location information of each user terminal, and pairs the user terminals located within the maximum beam coverage.

[0064] Specifically, given the limited maximum beam coverage of a base station's smart antenna, if a user exceeds this maximum beam coverage, even if paired, the base station's transmitted signal will not reach that user. Therefore, when a user requests pairing, their location information can be incorporated into the pairing rules. This means that users who are far from the base station (outside the base station's maximum beam coverage) will not be paired, even if their needs are the same. They will not be identified as either a Category 1 or Category 2 user terminal.

[0065] As an optional implementation manner, before pairing multiple user terminals according to the requirement type of each user terminal, the method further includes:

[0066] The maximum number of user terminals to be paired is determined based on the maximum number of single beams that can be transmitted by the base station.

[0067] Specifically, the maximum number of user pairings can be set based on the maximum number of non-overlapping beams of the base station's smart antennas. This ensures sufficient beam resources are available when transmitting characteristic information. For example, if a base station can transmit up to 10 non-overlapping beams simultaneously, the maximum number of paired users cannot exceed 10. If there are 11 paired users, and the base station needs to use separate beams to send characteristic information to each user, the base station will not have enough beams to transmit characteristic information to all 11 users simultaneously.

[0068] As an optional implementation manner, before pairing multiple user terminals according to the requirement type of each user terminal, the method further includes:

[0069] Depending on the current load of the base station, pairing is determined to be completed in the base station or between multiple users.

[0070] Specifically, user pairing can be performed by the base station or by user terminals themselves. When the base station is heavily loaded, the user can complete the pairing themselves, thus ensuring the normal operation of the base station.

[0071] As an optional implementation manner, determining the common information and characteristic information among the plurality of user terminals includes:

[0072] The base station determines the service information to be transmitted to multiple user terminals;

[0073] The base station extracts features of the service information to be transmitted through the semantic coding model to obtain semantic information;

[0074] The base station divides the semantic information into common information and characteristic information.

[0075] For example, if the base station determines to transmit pet content videos and food videos to multiple user terminals, the semantic coding model can be used to extract features from the pet content videos and food videos to obtain corresponding semantic information, and then the semantic information can be divided into common information and characteristic information. For example, the food videos required only by user 1 can be divided into characteristic information, while the pet content videos required by multiple users such as user 2 and user 3 can be divided into common information, and then the common information and characteristic information are transmitted to the user terminals respectively. Furthermore, the user terminal can also perform semantic decoding through the semantic decoding model to restore the semantic information transmitted by the base station into pet content videos and / or food videos.

[0076] Both the semantic encoding model and the semantic decoding model can be artificial intelligence models trained based on neural network training. It should be noted that the semantic information obtained by the user end after recovering the semantic encoding using the semantic decoding model is highly similar to the service information transmitted by the base station. For example, the service information transmitted by the base station is a pet cat video. After using the semantic encoding model to extract and compress the semantic features of the pet cat video, the first semantic information is obtained. After further division into common information and characteristic information, it is transmitted to the user end via a channel. The user end then uses the semantic decoding model to integrate the common information and characteristic information to obtain the second semantic information. Based on this second semantic information, the image is reconstructed to obtain the pet cat video. The pet cat video recovered by the semantic decoding model will have slight image quality differences compared to the original pet cat video, but the content is consistent, and the user's visual experience is almost the same. However, transmitting the semantic information extracted and compressed by the semantic encoding model can significantly reduce the amount of communication data compared to directly transmitting the original service information, greatly improving transmission efficiency. For example, an original 3M image can be compressed into approximately 30K of semantic information.

[0077] The present disclosure further provides a downlink communication device 500 using space division and mode division multiplexing, which is applied to a scenario where a base station transmits information to multiple user terminals simultaneously, as shown in FIG5 , and includes:

[0078] The user pairing module 501 is configured to pair multiple user terminals according to the requirement type of each user terminal: determine common information and characteristic information among the multiple user terminals, and determine the user terminals that require common information as the first type of user terminals, and determine the user terminals that require characteristic information as the second type of user terminals;

[0079] The location determination module 502 is configured to determine the location information of each user terminal;

[0080] The beam adjustment module 503 is configured to adjust the beam coverage range of the base station according to the location information of the first type of user terminals, so that the same beam transmitted by the base station can cover all the first type of user terminals;

[0081] The information transmission module 504 is configured to send common information to all first-category user terminals;

[0082] The beam adjustment module 503 adjusts the beam coverage range according to the location information of the second type of user terminal, so that one or more beams transmitted by the base station can cover the corresponding second type of user terminal;

[0083] The information transmission module 504 sends the corresponding characteristic information to the corresponding second-type user terminal.

[0084] Exemplarily, this embodiment uses the downlink communication method in a scenario where multiple users watch short videos, and the communication process includes the following steps:

[0085] In step S101, multiple users are simultaneously using a short video app and sending their respective video content requests to a base station. Based on each user's request type, the base station pairs users of the same type, or the same dataset or source type. For example, it pairs users who all request pet content videos and records their corresponding user locations. Pet content videos represent the common information shared by multiple users. As shown in Figure 2, if user 1's request type is for food content videos, and users 2 and 3's request types are for pet content videos, users 2 and 3 are considered to have common information. Base station G can pair users 2 and 3, identifying them as first-category users and user 1 as second-category users.

[0086] According to the paired users of the same type, based on the user location information, the base station smart antenna can be adjusted so that the signal beam range emitted by the base station can cover the paired user pairs. Then the base station only needs to send common information to multiple paired users once through the same beam at the same time. For example, as shown in Figure 3, base station G sends pet content videos to multiple paired users (user 2, user 3) at the same time through the same beam W1.

[0087] As shown in Figure 4, after base station G sends common information to the first type of user terminals (User 2 and User 3), it adjusts the base station's smart antenna based on each user's location information so that each user terminal is covered by a separate beam. For example, beam W2 covers User 2, and beam W3 covers User 3. The base station then simultaneously transmits the characteristic information required by each user terminal through the corresponding beam within the coverage area of ​​each beam. Specifically, beam W2 sends the required characteristic information to User 2, and beam W3 sends the required characteristic information to User 3. Once these transmissions are complete, downlink communication is complete.

[0088] Furthermore, after each user terminal receives all the common information and individual information sent by the base station, the user terminal can integrate and decode the characteristic information and common information to obtain the semantic information required by the user terminal, thereby completing the downlink transmission process. Through the semantic model multiple access method, the base station only needs to transmit one copy of common information to two users and transmit characteristic information to the two users separately, saving the transmission time and bandwidth for transmitting common information, avoiding the waste of communication resources, and improving communication efficiency. At the same time, when using the semantic multiple access method to transmit information to the user terminal, the base station's beam direction and beam coverage are flexibly adjusted based on the transmission characteristics of common information and characteristic information, thereby improving the utilization rate of communication resources and the quality of information transmission.

[0089] As an optional implementation, the beam adjustment module 503 adjusts the beam coverage by adjusting the beam direction and beam width of the base station's smart antenna. For example, as shown in Figure 4, the number of smart antenna beams is adjusted to two, namely beam W2 and beam W3. The direction of beam W2 is adjusted toward user 2, and the width of beam W2 is adjusted to just cover user 2. This avoids wasting resources and also improves the signal quality received by user 2. Similarly, the direction of beam W3 is adjusted toward user 3, and the width of beam W3 is adjusted to just cover user 3.

[0090] As an optional implementation, before the user pairing module 501 pairs multiple user terminals according to the requirement type of each user terminal, it further includes:

[0091] The base station determines whether the user terminal is located within the maximum beam coverage of the base station based on the location information of each user terminal, and pairs the user terminals located within the maximum beam coverage.

[0092] Specifically, given the limited maximum beam coverage of a base station's smart antenna, if a user exceeds this maximum beam coverage, even if paired, the base station's transmitted signal will not reach that user. Therefore, when a user requests pairing, their location information can be incorporated into the pairing rules. This means that users who are far from the base station (outside the base station's maximum beam coverage) will not be paired, even if their needs are the same. They will not be identified as either a Category 1 or Category 2 user terminal.

[0093] As an optional implementation, before the user pairing module 501 pairs multiple user terminals according to the requirement type of each user terminal, it further includes:

[0094] The maximum number of user terminals to be paired is determined based on the maximum number of single beams that can be transmitted by the base station.

[0095] Specifically, the maximum number of user pairings can be set based on the maximum number of non-overlapping beams of the base station's smart antennas. This ensures sufficient beam resources are available when transmitting characteristic information. For example, if a base station can transmit up to 10 non-overlapping beams simultaneously, the maximum number of paired users cannot exceed 10. If there are 11 paired users, and the base station needs to use separate beams to send characteristic information to each user, the base station will not have enough beams to transmit characteristic information to all 11 users simultaneously.

[0096] As an optional implementation, before the user pairing module 501 pairs multiple user terminals according to the requirement type of each user terminal, it further includes:

[0097] Depending on the current load of the base station, pairing is determined to be completed in the base station or between multiple users.

[0098] Specifically, user pairing can be performed by the base station or by user terminals themselves. When the base station is heavily loaded, the user can complete the pairing themselves, thus ensuring the normal operation of the base station.

[0099] As an optional implementation, the user pairing module 501 includes:

[0100] a determining unit, configured to determine service information transmitted by the base station to multiple user terminals;

[0101] A feature extraction unit is configured to extract features of the service information to be transmitted through a semantic coding model to obtain semantic information;

[0102] The information division unit is configured to divide the semantic information into common information and characteristic information.

[0103] For example, if the base station determines to transmit pet content videos and food videos to multiple user terminals, the semantic coding model can be used to extract features from the pet content videos and food videos to obtain corresponding semantic information, and then the semantic information can be divided into common information and characteristic information. For example, the food videos required only by user 1 can be divided into characteristic information, while the pet content videos required by multiple users such as user 2 and user 3 can be divided into common information, and then the common information and characteristic information are transmitted to the user terminals respectively. Furthermore, the user terminal can also perform semantic decoding through the semantic decoding model to restore the semantic information transmitted by the base station into pet content videos and / or food videos.

[0104] Both the semantic encoding model and the semantic decoding model can be artificial intelligence models trained based on neural network training. It should be noted that the semantic information obtained by the user end after recovering the semantic encoding using the semantic decoding model is highly similar to the service information transmitted by the base station. For example, the service information transmitted by the base station is a pet cat video. After using the semantic encoding model to extract and compress the semantic features of the pet cat video, the first semantic information is obtained. After further division into common information and characteristic information, it is transmitted to the user end via a channel. The user end then uses the semantic decoding model to integrate the common information and characteristic information to obtain the second semantic information. Based on this second semantic information, the image is reconstructed to obtain the pet cat video. The pet cat video recovered by the semantic decoding model will have slight image quality differences compared to the original pet cat video, but the content is consistent, and the user's visual experience is almost the same. However, transmitting the semantic information extracted and compressed by the semantic encoding model can significantly reduce the amount of communication data compared to directly transmitting the original service information, greatly improving transmission efficiency. For example, an original 3M image can be compressed into approximately 30K of semantic information.

[0105] In the technical solutions disclosed herein, the acquisition, storage, and application of user personal information involved comply with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations and do not violate public order and good morals.

[0106] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the present disclosure also provides an electronic device, a readable storage medium, and a computer program product.

[0107] FIG6 shows a schematic block diagram of an example electronic device 600 that can be used to implement an embodiment of the present disclosure. The electronic device is intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptop computers, desktop computers, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframe computers, and other suitable computers. The electronic device can also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital assistants, cellular phones, smart phones, wearable devices, and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions are merely examples and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present disclosure described and / or required herein.

[0108] As shown in Figure 6, device 600 includes a computing unit 601, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a computer program stored in a read-only memory (ROM) 602 or a computer program loaded from a storage unit 608 into a random access memory (RAM) 603. Various programs and data required for the operation of device 600 can also be stored in RAM 603. Computing unit 601, ROM 602, and RAM 603 are connected to each other via a bus 604. An input / output (I / O) interface 605 is also connected to bus 604.

[0109] Various components in device 600 are connected to I / O interface 605, including an input unit 606, such as a keyboard, mouse, etc.; an output unit 607, such as various types of displays, speakers, etc.; a storage unit 608, such as a magnetic disk, optical disk, etc.; and a communication unit 609, such as a network card, modem, wireless communication transceiver, etc. The communication unit 609 allows device 600 to exchange information / data with other devices via a computer network such as the Internet and / or various telecommunication networks.

[0110] The computing unit 601 can be various general-purpose and / or specialized processing components with processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of the computing unit 601 include, but are not limited to, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), various dedicated artificial intelligence (AI) computing chips, various computing units that run machine learning objective function algorithms, a digital signal processor (DSP), and any appropriate processor, controller, microcontroller, etc. The computing unit 601 performs the various methods and processes described above, such as the downlink communication method of space division and analog division multiplexing. For example, in some embodiments, the downlink communication method of space division and analog division multiplexing can be implemented as a computer software program, which is tangibly contained in a machine-readable medium, such as the storage unit 608. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program can be loaded and / or installed on the device 600 via the ROM 602 and / or the communication unit 609. When the computer program is loaded into the RAM 603 and executed by the computing unit 601, one or more steps of the downlink communication method of space division and analog division multiplexing described above can be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the computing unit 601 may be configured to perform a downlink communication method using space division and mode division multiplexing in any other appropriate manner (eg, by means of firmware).

[0111] Various embodiments of the systems and techniques described herein can be implemented in digital electronic circuit systems, integrated circuit systems, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application specific standard products (ASSPs), system-on-chip systems (SOCs), programmable logic devices (CPLDs), computer hardware, firmware, software, and / or combinations thereof. These various embodiments can include being implemented in one or more computer programs that are executable and / or interpreted on a programmable system comprising at least one programmable processor, which can be a special purpose or general purpose programmable processor that can receive data and instructions from a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, and transmit data and instructions to the storage system, the at least one input device, and the at least one output device.

[0112] The program code for implementing the method of the present disclosure can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes can be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing device so that when the program code is executed by the processor or controller, the functions / operations specified in the flow chart and / or block diagram are implemented. The program code can be executed entirely on the machine, partially on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partially on the machine and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0113] In the context of the present disclosure, a machine-readable medium can be a tangible medium that can contain or store a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, device or equipment. A machine-readable medium can be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. A machine-readable medium can include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, device or equipment, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. A more specific example of a machine-readable storage medium can include an electrical connection based on one or more lines, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0114] To provide interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described herein can be implemented on a computer having: a display device (e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor) for displaying information to the user; and a keyboard and pointing device (e.g., a mouse or trackball) through which the user can provide input to the computer. Other types of devices can also be used to provide interaction with the user; for example, the feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user can be received in any form (including acoustic input, voice input, or tactile input).

[0115] The systems and techniques described herein can be implemented in a computing system that includes back-end components (e.g., as a data server), or a computing system that includes middleware components (e.g., an application server), or a computing system that includes front-end components (e.g., a user computer with a graphical user interface or a web browser through which a user can interact with implementations of the systems and techniques described herein), or a computing system that includes any combination of such back-end components, middleware components, or front-end components. The components of the system can be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication (e.g., a communication network). Examples of communication networks include a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), and the Internet.

[0116] A computer system may include a client and a server. The client and server are generally remote from each other and typically interact through a communication network. The client-server relationship arises through computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship with each other. The server may be a cloud server, a server in a distributed system, or a server integrated with a blockchain.

[0117] It should be understood that the various forms of the processes shown above can be used to reorder, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps described in this disclosure can be performed in parallel, sequentially, or in a different order, as long as the desired results of the technical solutions disclosed in this disclosure can be achieved. This is not limited herein.

[0118] The above specific embodiments do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions may be made based on design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this disclosure shall be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A downlink communication method using space division and mode division multiplexing, applied to a scenario where a base station transmits information to multiple user terminals at the same time, characterized in that: include: Pairing the plurality of user terminals according to the requirement type of each of the user terminals: determining common information and characteristic information among the plurality of user terminals, and determining the user terminals requiring the common information as first-category user terminals, and determining the user terminals requiring the characteristic information as second-category user terminals; The base station determines the location information of each of the user terminals; The base station adjusts the beam coverage according to the location information of the first type of user terminals, so that the same beam emitted by the base station can cover all the first type of user terminals; The base station sends the common information to all the first-category user terminals; The base station adjusts the beam coverage range according to the location information of the second type of user terminal, so that one or more beams emitted by the base station can cover the corresponding second type of user terminal; The base station sends the corresponding characteristic information to the corresponding second-type user terminal.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The adjusting the beam coverage includes: the base station adjusts the beam coverage by adjusting the beam direction and beam width of the smart antenna of the base station.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein: Before pairing the plurality of user terminals according to the requirement type of each user terminal, the method further includes: The base station determines whether the user terminal is located within the maximum beam coverage of the base station according to the location information of each user terminal, and pairs the user terminals located within the maximum beam coverage.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein: Before pairing the plurality of user terminals according to the requirement type of each user terminal, the method further includes: The maximum number of the user terminals to be paired is determined according to the maximum number of single beams that can be transmitted by the base station.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein: Before pairing the plurality of user terminals according to the requirement type of each user terminal, the method further includes: According to the current load of the base station, it is determined whether the pairing is completed in the base station or between the plurality of user terminals.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: The determining of the common information and characteristic information among the plurality of user terminals comprises: The base station determines the service information to be transmitted to the plurality of user terminals; The base station extracts features of the service information to be transmitted by using a semantic coding model to obtain semantic information; The base station divides the semantic information into the common information and the characteristic information.

7. A downlink communication device using space division and mode division multiplexing, applied to a scenario where a base station transmits information to multiple user terminals at the same time, characterized in that: include: The user pairing module is configured to pair the plurality of user terminals according to the requirement type of each of the user terminals: determine the common information and characteristic information between the plurality of user terminals, and determine the user terminals that require the common information as the first type of user terminals, and determine the user terminals that require the characteristic information as the second type of user terminals; A location determination module, configured to determine location information of each of the user terminals; A beam adjustment module is configured to adjust the beam coverage of the base station according to the location information of the first type of user terminals, so that the same beam emitted by the base station can cover all the first type of user terminals; An information transmission module, configured to send the common information to all the first-category user terminals; The beam adjustment module adjusts the beam coverage range according to the location information of the second type of user terminal, so that one or more beams transmitted by the base station can cover the corresponding second type of user terminal; The information transmission module sends the corresponding characteristic information to the corresponding second-type user terminal.

8. The device according to claim 7, wherein: The beam adjustment module adjusts the beam coverage range by: adjusting the beam direction of the smart antenna of the base station, thereby adjusting the beam coverage range.

9. The device according to claim 7, wherein: Before the user pairing module pairs the plurality of user terminals according to the requirement type of each user terminal, the method further includes: It is determined whether the user terminal is located within the maximum beam coverage of the base station according to the location information of each user terminal, and the user terminals located within the maximum beam coverage are paired.

10. The device according to claim 7, wherein: Before the user pairing module pairs the plurality of user terminals according to the requirement type of each user terminal, the method further includes: The maximum number of the user terminals to be paired is determined according to the maximum number of single beams that can be transmitted by the base station.

11. The device according to claim 7, wherein: Before the user pairing module pairs the plurality of user terminals according to the requirement type of each user terminal, the method further includes: According to the current load of the base station, it is determined whether the pairing is completed in the base station or between the plurality of user terminals.

12. The device according to any one of claims 7 to 11, wherein: The user pairing module comprises: A determining unit, configured to determine the service information transmitted by the base station to the plurality of user terminals; A feature extraction unit is configured to extract features of the service information to be transmitted through a semantic coding model to obtain semantic information; The information division unit is configured to divide the semantic information into the common information and the characteristic information.

13. An electronic device comprising: at least one processor; as well as a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor The device can execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

14. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions, wherein: The computer instructions are used to cause the computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 1-6.

15. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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