Antenna and electronic device

Abstract

Provided in the present invention is an antenna, which comprises a dielectric substrate, a first dipole antenna and a second dipole antenna, wherein the dielectric substrate has a first surface and a second surface which are oppositely arranged in the direction of thickness of the dielectric substrate; the first dipole antenna comprises a first radiation part arranged on the first surface, a second radiation part arranged on the second surface, and a first feeder electrically connected to the first radiation part and the second radiation part; and the second dipole antenna comprises a third radiation part arranged on the first surface, a fourth radiation part arranged on the second surface, and a second feeder electrically connected to the third radiation part and the fourth radiation part. Each of the first radiation part, the second radiation part, the third radiation part and the fourth radiation part comprises a main body structure and an auxiliary structure, wherein the main body structure has an opening; and the auxiliary structure is arranged in the opening and is electrically connected to the main body structure.

Description

Antenna and electronic equipment Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure belongs to the field of communication technology, and particularly relates to an antenna and electronic equipment. Background Art

[0002] With the large-scale deployment of 5G wireless communication networks, mobile communications are ushering in a new era of prosperity. One of the key features of 5G wireless communication systems is their support for large capacity. A key technical feature of this high capacity is Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), which requires large-scale antenna arrays. As antenna size increases, overall antenna weight rapidly increases, posing a serious challenge to the limited construction space of base station antenna sites and significantly increasing operator site operating costs. Furthermore, as the number of antennas in the array increases, the mutual coupling between antenna elements increases, which is detrimental to system performance.

[0003] Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art and provides an antenna and an electronic device.

[0005] In a first aspect, the technical solution adopted to solve the technical problem of the present invention is an antenna, which includes a dielectric substrate, a first dipole antenna and a second dipole antenna, wherein:

[0006] The dielectric substrate has a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other along its thickness direction;

[0007] The first dipole antenna includes a first radiating portion provided on the first surface, a second radiating portion provided on the second surface, and a first feeder electrically connecting the first radiating portion and the second radiating portion;

[0008] The second dipole antenna includes a third radiating portion provided on the first surface, a fourth radiating portion provided on the second surface, and a second feeder electrically connecting the third radiating portion and the fourth radiating portion; the first feeder and the second feeder have different feeding directions;

[0009] The first radiation portion, the second radiation portion, the third radiation portion and the fourth radiation portion each include a main structure and an auxiliary structure; wherein the main structure has an opening, and the auxiliary structure is arranged in the opening and electrically connected to the main structure.

[0010] In some embodiments, the first feed line and the second feed line are orthogonal to each other.

[0011] In some embodiments, the auxiliary structure of the first radiating part, the auxiliary structure of the second radiating part, the auxiliary structure of the third radiating part and the auxiliary structure of the fourth radiating part all include a first auxiliary component and a second auxiliary component, and the first auxiliary component and the second auxiliary component in the opening are respectively connected to the two corner positions of the opening.

[0012] In some embodiments, the orthographic projections of the first feed line and the second feed line on the dielectric substrate are intersected, and the intersection is a first node. The orthographic projection of the first auxiliary component in each of the openings on the dielectric substrate is farther away from the first node than the orthographic projection of the second auxiliary component on the dielectric substrate.

[0013] In some embodiments, the vertices of the corners where the first auxiliary component and the second auxiliary component are connected in the opening of the first radiating portion have orthographic projections on the dielectric substrate that are the first vertex and the second vertex respectively;

[0014] The orthographic projections of the vertices of the corners connected by the first auxiliary component and the second auxiliary component in the opening of the second radiating portion on the dielectric substrate are respectively the third vertex and the fourth vertex;

[0015] The orthographic projections of the vertices of the corners connected by the first auxiliary component and the second auxiliary component in the opening of the third radiating portion on the dielectric substrate are respectively the fifth vertex and the sixth vertex;

[0016] The orthographic projections of the vertices of the corners connected by the first auxiliary component and the second auxiliary component in the opening of the fourth radiating portion on the dielectric substrate are respectively the seventh vertex and the eighth vertex;

[0017] A line connecting the first vertex, the second vertex, the third vertex, the fourth vertex and the first node is a first straight line segment;

[0018] A line connecting the fifth vertex, the sixth vertex, the seventh vertex, the eighth vertex, and the first node is a second straight line segment;

[0019] The first straight line segment and the second straight line segment intersect.

[0020] In some embodiments, the shapes of the first auxiliary component of the first radiating portion, the first auxiliary component of the second radiating portion, the first auxiliary component of the third radiating portion, and the first auxiliary component of the fourth radiating portion are all one of triangle, circle, quarter circle, square, diamond, T-shaped branch, or Y-shaped branch; and / or,

[0021] The shapes of the second auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the second auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the second auxiliary component of the third radiating part and the second auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all one of a triangle, a circle, a quarter circle, a square, a diamond, a T-shaped branch or a Y-shaped branch.

[0022] In some embodiments, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the auxiliary shape of the first auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the third radiating part, and the shape of the first auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all T-shaped branches, and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the third radiating part, and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all triangles, wherein the vertical side of the first auxiliary component of the T-shaped branch is connected to the main structure as an integral structure, and the first side and the second side corresponding to a corner of the second auxiliary component of the triangle are connected to the main structure as an integral structure.

[0023] In some embodiments, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the third radiating part, and the shape of the first auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all triangles, and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the third radiating part, and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are also triangles, wherein the third side and the fourth side corresponding to a corner of the first auxiliary component of the triangle are connected to the main structure as an integral structure, and the fifth side and the sixth side corresponding to a corner of the second auxiliary component of the triangle are connected to the main structure as an integral structure.

[0024] In some embodiments, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the third radiating part, and the shape of the first auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all squares, and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the third radiating part, and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are also squares, wherein the seventh side and the eighth side corresponding to one corner of the square first auxiliary component are connected to the main structure as an integral structure, and the ninth side and the tenth side corresponding to one corner of the square second auxiliary component are connected to the main structure as an integral structure.

[0025] In some embodiments, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the third radiating part, and the shape of the first auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all quarter-circles, and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the third radiating part, and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are also quarter-circles, wherein the center of the quarter-circle first auxiliary component is connected to the main structure as an integral structure, and the center of the quarter-circle second auxiliary component is connected to the main structure as an integral structure.

[0026] In some embodiments, the projection area of ​​the first auxiliary component of the first radiation portion, the second radiation portion, the third radiation portion, and the fourth radiation portion is larger than the projection area of ​​the second auxiliary component.

[0027] In some embodiments, one of the first feed line and the second feed line is disposed on the first surface, and the other is disposed on the second surface.

[0028] In some embodiments, the first radiating portion and the first feeder are both disposed on the first surface and are directly connected, and the first feeder is coupled to the second radiating portion; the fourth radiating portion and the second feeder are both disposed on the second surface and are directly connected, and the second feeder is coupled to the third radiating portion; or

[0029] The second radiating portion and the first feeder are both arranged on the second surface, directly connected to each other, and the first feeder is coupled to the first radiating portion; the third radiating portion and the second feeder are both arranged on the first surface, directly connected to each other, and the second feeder is coupled to the fourth radiating portion.

[0030] In some embodiments, the antenna further includes a feeding structure electrically connected to the first feed line and the second feed line.

[0031] In some embodiments, the feeding structure is a coaxial probe.

[0032] In some embodiments, the antenna further includes a reflection plate, which is disposed on one side of the second radiation portion and the fourth radiation portion and on a side away from the second radiation portion and the fourth radiation portion.

[0033] In some embodiments, the orthographic projections of the first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna on the dielectric substrate do not overlap.

[0034] In some embodiments, the line width of the first feeder is monotonically increasing or monotonically decreasing from the center of the first radiating portion to the center of the second radiating portion; the line width of the second feeder is monotonically increasing or monotonically decreasing from the center of the third radiating portion to the center of the fourth radiating portion.

[0035] In a second aspect, the present disclosure further provides an electronic device comprising the antenna described in any one of the above-mentioned first aspects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] FIG1 is a side view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0037] FIG2 is a schematic diagram showing the positions of a first auxiliary component and a second auxiliary component in an antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0038] FIG3 is a front view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0039] FIG4 is a front view of a reference antenna;

[0040] FIG5 is a simulation diagram of antenna standing waves corresponding to the antenna in FIG3 ;

[0041] FIG6 is a simulation diagram of antenna standing waves corresponding to the reference antenna in FIG4 ;

[0042] FIG7 is a simulation diagram of antenna cross-polarization corresponding to the antenna in FIG3 ;

[0043] FIG8 is a simulation diagram of antenna cross-polarization corresponding to the reference antenna in FIG4 ;

[0044] FIG9 is a front view of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] FIG10 is a standing wave simulation diagram corresponding to the antenna in FIG9 ;

[0046] FIG11 is a front view of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] FIG12 is a standing wave simulation diagram corresponding to the antenna in FIG11;

[0048] FIG13 is a front view of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] FIG14 is a standing wave simulation diagram corresponding to the antenna in FIG13 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0051] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this disclosure should have the usual meanings understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which this disclosure belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar words used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, words such as "one", "an" or "the" do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the existence of at least one. Words such as "include" or "comprise" mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Words such as "connect" or "connected" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0052] The antenna according to the embodiment of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0053] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an antenna, including a dielectric substrate, a first dipole, and a second dipole, wherein the dielectric substrate has a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other along its thickness direction; the first dipole antenna includes a first radiating portion arranged on the first surface, a second radiating portion arranged on the second surface, and a first feeder electrically connecting the first radiating portion and the second radiating portion; the second dipole antenna includes a third radiating portion arranged on the first surface, a fourth radiating portion arranged on the second surface, and a second feeder electrically connecting the third radiating portion and the fourth radiating portion; the first feeder and the second feeder have different feeding directions; the first radiating portion, the second radiating portion, the third radiating portion, and the fourth radiating portion each include a main structure and an auxiliary structure; wherein the main structure has an opening, and the auxiliary structure is arranged in the opening and electrically connected to the main structure.

[0054] The present application reduces the overall size of the antenna by providing the main structure of the first radiating part, the second radiating part, the third radiating part and the fourth radiating part with an opening, and providing an auxiliary structure in the opening. At the same time, the auxiliary structure enriches the current path, reduces the resonant frequency, and ensures good impedance matching.

[0055] The antenna in the disclosed embodiments is a cross-dipole antenna. Dipole antennas are the earliest, simplest, and most widely used type of antenna in radio communications. In some embodiments, the dielectric substrate can be composed of a dielectric material such as FR4, polytetrafluoroethylene, ceramic, or glass. The thickness of the dielectric substrate affects the antenna's impedance matching and radiation direction. A thicker antenna results in a higher impedance, while a thinner substrate results in a lower impedance. Therefore, when designing the antenna, it is necessary to select an appropriate dielectric substrate thickness based on the desired impedance. The shape of the dielectric substrate also affects the antenna's radiation direction. For example, a circular dielectric substrate results in omnidirectional radiation, while a square dielectric substrate results in directional radiation. Therefore, when designing the antenna, it is necessary to select an appropriate dielectric substrate shape based on the specific situation. Metal radiating patches are applied to both the top and bottom surfaces of the dielectric substrate. The metal radiating patches on the top surface form the first and third radiating elements, while the metal radiating patches on the bottom surface form the second and fourth radiating elements. The outlines of the first radiating part, the second radiating part, the third radiating part and the fourth radiating part in the present application can be square, pentagonal or other polygonal. Similarly, the opening of the main structure in the present application can also be square or other polygonal, and the present application does not limit this. The auxiliary structure provided in the opening is a regular or irregular structure, the purpose of which is to increase the path of the current, reduce the resonant frequency, and reduce the size of the antenna. The auxiliary structures of the first radiating part, the second radiating part, the third radiating part and the fourth radiating part can each include one auxiliary component or multiple auxiliary components, and the position of the auxiliary component can be set at any position in the opening to connect with the main structure, and the present application does not limit this. In addition, the two radiating parts of each dipole antenna are connected by a feeder line. In some embodiments, the antenna is fed by a gradient microstrip line to ensure good impedance matching.

[0056] Figure 1 is a side view of an antenna in an embodiment of the present application, including a dielectric substrate 1, a radiating portion 2 (including a first radiating portion and a third radiating portion) provided on the first surface of the dielectric substrate, and a radiating portion 3 (including a second radiating portion and a fourth radiating portion) provided on the second surface of the dielectric substrate 1. The first radiating portion and the second radiating portion, and the third radiating portion and the fourth radiating portion are electrically connected via a feeder 4 (respectively via a first feeder and a second feeder).

[0057] In some embodiments, the auxiliary structure of the first radiating part, the auxiliary structure of the second radiating part, the auxiliary structure of the third radiating part and the auxiliary structure of the fourth radiating part all include a first auxiliary component and a second auxiliary component, and the first auxiliary component and the second auxiliary component in the opening are respectively connected at the two corner positions of the opening.

[0058] Among them, the corner position refers to the angle position formed by connecting any two adjacent sides when the opening is a polygon. The auxiliary structure of each radiating portion may include two auxiliary components, and the two auxiliary structures may be connected at any two corner positions of the opening, for example, they may be connected at adjacent corner positions, or they may be connected at opposite corner positions, etc. It is understandable that the two auxiliary components may also be connected at other positions of the opening, such as being connected at the edge of the opening, etc., and this application does not impose any restrictions on this. Of course, the shape of the opening is not limited to a polygon, and may also be other shapes such as a circle or an ellipse. In this case, the first auxiliary component and the second auxiliary component can be connected at different positions of the opening.

[0059] In some embodiments, the line width of the first feeder increases or decreases monotonically from the center of the first radiating portion to the center of the second radiating portion; and the line width of the second feeder increases or decreases monotonically from the center of the third radiating portion to the center of the fourth radiating portion. The disclosed embodiments achieve broadband impedance matching by using a tapered feeder to change the antenna standing wave, ensuring good impedance matching.

[0060] In some embodiments, the orthographic projections of the first feed line and the second feed line on the dielectric substrate are intersecting, and the intersection is a first node. The orthographic projection of the first auxiliary component in each opening on the dielectric substrate is farther away from the first node than the orthographic projection of the second auxiliary component on the dielectric substrate.

[0061] In a preferred embodiment, the vertices of the corner connected by the first auxiliary component and the second auxiliary component in the opening of the first radiating portion have orthographic projections on the dielectric substrate as the first vertex and the second vertex respectively; the vertices of the corner connected by the first auxiliary component and the second auxiliary component in the opening of the second radiating portion have orthographic projections on the dielectric substrate as the third vertex and the fourth vertex respectively; the vertices of the corner connected by the first auxiliary component and the second auxiliary component in the opening of the third radiating portion have orthographic projections on the dielectric substrate as the fifth vertex and the sixth vertex respectively; the vertices of the corner connected by the first auxiliary component and the second auxiliary component in the opening of the fourth radiating portion have orthographic projections on the dielectric substrate as the seventh vertex and the eighth vertex respectively; the line connecting the first vertex, the second vertex, the third vertex, the fourth vertex and the first node is a first straight line segment; the line connecting the fifth vertex, the sixth vertex, the seventh vertex, the eighth vertex and the first node is a second straight line segment; the first straight line segment and the second straight line segment intersect.

[0062] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing the positions of the first and second auxiliary components in an antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. This antenna is described using the example of a first radiating portion, a second radiating portion, a third radiating portion, and a fourth radiating portion, all with square openings in the main structure. The antenna includes a first radiating portion 201, a second radiating portion 202, a third radiating portion 301, and a fourth radiating portion 302. The orthographic projections of the first and second auxiliary components in the first radiating portion 201 on the dielectric substrate are located at first vertex 1001 and second vertex 1002, respectively; the orthographic projections of the first and second auxiliary components in the second radiating portion 201 on the dielectric substrate are located at third vertex 1003 and fourth vertex 1004, respectively; the orthographic projections of the first and second auxiliary components in the third radiating portion 301 on the dielectric substrate are located at fifth vertex 1005 and sixth vertex 1006, respectively; and the orthographic projections of the first and second auxiliary components in the fourth radiating portion 302 on the dielectric substrate are located at seventh vertex 1007 and eighth vertex, respectively. The orthographic projections of the first and second feeder lines on the dielectric substrate intersect, with the intersection being a first node 1009. The line connecting the first vertex, the second vertex, the third vertex, the fourth vertex and the first node 1009 is a first straight line segment 111 , and the line connecting the fifth vertex, the sixth vertex, the seventh vertex, the eighth vertex and the first node is a second straight line segment 222 .

[0063] This arrangement of the two auxiliary components of each radiating portion can make the mutual coupling between antenna units (the first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna constitute one antenna unit) and the impedance matching distribution more uniform, thereby achieving better radiation.

[0064] In some embodiments, the shapes of the first auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the first auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the first auxiliary component of the third radiating part and the first auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all one of triangle, circle, quarter circle, square, diamond, T-shaped branch or Y-shaped branch; and / or, the shapes of the second auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the second auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the second auxiliary component of the third radiating part and the second auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all one of triangle, circle, quarter circle, square, diamond, T-shaped branch or Y-shaped branch.

[0065] Specifically, the two auxiliary components of each radiation portion may be structures of the same shape or structures of different shapes, and the shapes may also be regular or irregular, including but not limited to the shapes mentioned above.

[0066] In some embodiments, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the auxiliary shape of the first auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the third radiating part, and the shape of the first auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all T-shaped branches, and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the third radiating part, and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all right triangles, wherein the vertical side of the first auxiliary component of the T-shaped branch is connected to the main structure as an integral structure, and the first side and the second side corresponding to one angle of the second auxiliary component of the triangle are connected to the main structure as an integral structure.

[0067] Auxiliary components in the shape of T-shaped branches and triangles are set at the openings on the radiation patch of the radiation part of the dipole antenna, which increases the current path, reduces the resonant frequency, reduces the size of the antenna, reduces the weight of the antenna units, and weakens the mutual coupling between the antenna units.

[0068] In some embodiments, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the third radiating part, and the shape of the first auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all triangles, and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the third radiating part, and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are also triangles, wherein the third side and the fourth side corresponding to a corner of the first auxiliary component of the triangle are connected to the main structure as an integral structure, and the fifth side and the sixth side corresponding to a corner of the second auxiliary component of the triangle are connected to the main structure as an integral structure.

[0069] Two auxiliary components, both in the shape of right triangles, are set at the openings on the radiation patch of the radiation part of the dipole antenna, which increases the current path, reduces the resonant frequency, reduces the size of the antenna, reduces the weight of the antenna units, and weakens the mutual coupling between the antenna units.

[0070] In some embodiments, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the third radiating part, and the shape of the first auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all squares, and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the third radiating part, and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are also squares, wherein the seventh side and the eighth side corresponding to one corner of the square first auxiliary component are connected to the main structure as an integral structure, and the ninth side and the tenth side corresponding to one corner of the square second auxiliary component are connected to the main structure as an integral structure.

[0071] Two auxiliary components, both of which are square in shape, are set at the opening on the radiation patch of the radiation part of the dipole antenna, which increases the current path, reduces the resonant frequency, reduces the size of the antenna, reduces the weight of the antenna units, and weakens the mutual coupling between the antenna units.

[0072] In some embodiments, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the third radiating part, and the shape of the first auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all quarter-circles, and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the third radiating part, and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are also quarter-circles, wherein the center of the quarter-circle first auxiliary component is connected to the main structure as an integrated structure, and the center of the quarter-circle second auxiliary component is connected to the main structure as an integrated structure.

[0073] Two auxiliary components, both in the shape of a quarter circle, are set at the opening on the radiation patch of the radiation part of the dipole antenna, which increases the current path, reduces the resonant frequency, reduces the size of the antenna, reduces the weight of the antenna units, and weakens the mutual coupling between the antenna units.

[0074] In some embodiments, the projected area of ​​the first auxiliary component of the first radiating portion, the second radiating portion, the third radiating portion, and the fourth radiating portion is greater than the projected area of ​​the second auxiliary component. In this case, the antenna resonant frequency range can be increased, the size of the antenna unit can be reduced, and the antenna can maintain good radiation performance over a wider frequency band. It should be noted that the projected area of ​​the first auxiliary component of the first radiating portion, the second radiating portion, the third radiating portion, and the fourth radiating portion can also be less than the projected area of ​​the second auxiliary component, and the latter can be equal to the projected area of ​​the second auxiliary component. This application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0075] In some embodiments, the first feed line and the second feed line are orthogonal to each other.

[0076] In some embodiments, one of the first feed line and the second feed line is disposed on the first surface of the dielectric substrate, and the other is disposed on the second surface of the dielectric substrate.

[0077] In some embodiments, the first radiating portion and the first feeder are both disposed on the first surface of the dielectric substrate, are directly connected, and the first feeder is coupled to the second radiating portion; the fourth radiating portion and the second feeder are both disposed on the second surface of the dielectric substrate, are directly connected, and the second feeder is coupled to the third radiating portion; alternatively, the second radiating portion and the first feeder are both disposed on the second surface of the dielectric substrate, are directly connected, and the first feeder is coupled to the first radiating portion; the third radiating portion and the second feeder are both disposed on the first surface of the dielectric substrate, are directly connected, and the second feeder is coupled to the fourth radiating portion. Disposing the first feeder and the second feeder on different surfaces of the dielectric substrate can avoid mutual interference.

[0078] In some embodiments, the antenna further includes a feeding structure electrically connected to the first feed line and the second feed line. The feeding structure can feed the two radiating portions of the first dipole antenna and the two radiating portions of the second dipole antenna through the first feed line and the second feed line.

[0079] In some embodiments, the feed structure is a coaxial probe. This feed structure utilizes microstrip coupled feeding. Coupled feeding, as used in fields such as communications, involves the conduction of electrical energy between two circuit elements or circuit networks that are not in contact but are located at a certain distance. This allows one element to receive energy without direct contact with the electrical energy transmission system. This feed structure ensures good impedance matching.

[0080] In some embodiments, the antenna further includes a reflector, which is disposed on one side of the second radiating portion and the fourth radiating portion, and on a side away from the second radiating portion and the fourth radiating portion. The purpose of the reflector is to reflect the light exposed from the bottom surface back into the light guide plate to improve the efficiency of light use. In one possible embodiment, the height of the reflector from the second radiating portion and the fourth radiating portion can be adjusted according to the required frequency band, for example, the height of the second radiating portion and the fourth radiating portion from the reflector is 0.25λ. The reflector can also be directly grounded, and this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0081] In some embodiments, the orthographic projections of the first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna on the dielectric substrate do not overlap, so as to avoid mutual influence between the two dipole antennas and affect radiation performance.

[0082] Figure 3 is a front view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application. The antenna includes a first radiating portion 21, a second radiating portion 22, a third radiating portion 31, a fourth radiating portion 32, and a first feeder 41 and a second feeder 42. The first radiating portion 21 and the second radiating portion 22 constitute a first dipole antenna, and the third dipole radiating portion 31 and the fourth radiating portion 32 constitute a second dipole antenna. Each of the four radiating portions, the first radiating portion 21, the second radiating portion 22, the third radiating portion 31, and the fourth radiating portion 32, includes a first auxiliary component 51 in the shape of a T-shaped branch and a second auxiliary component 52 in the shape of a triangle. The first auxiliary component 51 and the second auxiliary component 52 are arranged at the two diagonal positions of the opening within the radiating portion.

[0083] This structure with an opening in the radiating portion and auxiliary components arranged at the opening makes the antenna in Figure 2 only 0.25λ@2.37GHz. Compared with the traditional antenna size of 0.35λ~0.5λ, the size is greatly reduced, the weight of the antenna unit is reduced, and the mutual coupling between antenna units is weakened.

[0084] 4 is a front view of a reference antenna, which includes a first radiating portion 201 , a second radiating portion 202 , a third radiating portion 301 , a fourth radiating portion 302 , a first feeder 401 , and a second feeder 402 .

[0085] As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the radiating parts in the antennas of the embodiments of the present application all have openings, and a first auxiliary component 51 and a second auxiliary component 52 are provided in the openings.

[0086] Assume that the reference antenna in Figure 4 has the same size as an antenna in this application shown in Figure 3, Figure 5 is an antenna standing wave simulation diagram corresponding to the antenna in Figure 3, and Figure 6 is an antenna standing wave simulation diagram corresponding to the reference antenna in Figure 4. The horizontal axis represents the operating frequency and the vertical axis represents the antenna standing wave ratio.

[0087] Antenna Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) and SWR are abbreviated as antenna standing wave ratio (SWR). The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of an antenna is the ratio of the maximum to minimum values ​​of the voltage standing wave graph generated along a lossless transmission line when the antenna acts as a load. The SWR is caused by the superposition of reflected waves generated when the incident wave energy is not fully absorbed (radiated) when it reaches the antenna input. The greater the VSWR, the greater the reflection and the poorer the matching. In mobile communication systems, a SWR of less than 2 is generally required. Antenna standing wave ratio is primarily used to measure antenna efficiency.

[0088] As shown in Figure 5, when the standing wave ratio (SWR) of the antenna in Figure 3 is less than 2, the frequency range of the antenna is 2.37 GHz to 3.62 GHz, and the antenna's operating range includes the two 5G frequency bands of 2.515 GHz to 2.675 GHz and 3.4 to 3.6 GHz. However, as shown in Figure 6, when the SWR of the reference antenna is less than 2, the frequency range of the reference antenna is 2.55 GHz to 3.57 GHz, failing to cover the 5G frequency band currently under construction. This indicates that adding the first auxiliary component of the T-shaped branch and the second auxiliary component of the triangle can increase the antenna's operating bandwidth.

[0089] FIG7 is a simulation diagram of antenna cross-polarization corresponding to the antenna in FIG3 , and FIG8 is a simulation diagram of antenna cross-polarization corresponding to the reference antenna in FIG4 .

[0090] Cross-polarization describes the relationship between antennas. It involves arranging antenna arrays using orthogonal polarizations to maximize polarization diversity. The concept of the cross-polarization ratio primarily describes the polarization purity of a 0° polarized (or other orthogonal polarization) antenna. Specifically, it is defined as the ratio of the main polarization component to the cross-polarization component. A larger cross-polarization ratio indicates greater orthogonality in the signals received from the antenna, reducing the correlation between the two signals, making it easier to distinguish between different signals and improving polarization performance. Antenna cross-polarization ratios are typically greater than 18dB.

[0091] The two curves in Figure 7 represent the polarization of the first and second dipole antennas in Figure 3, respectively. The horizontal axis represents the polarization direction, and the vertical axis represents the polarization ratio. Assuming that the polarization corresponding to the first dipole antenna is the main polarization, corresponding to the first curve in Figure 7, the polarization corresponding to the second dipole antenna is the polarization component, corresponding to the second curve in Figure 7. Figure 7 shows that the polarization component achieves a polarization ratio of approximately 38.50dB at 0°, and 17.41dB at 60°. The two curves in Figure 8 represent the polarization of the reference antenna in Figure 4, respectively. The horizontal axis represents the polarization direction, and the vertical axis represents the polarization ratio. Assuming that the first curve is the main polarization and the second curve is the polarization component, Figure 8 shows that the polarization component achieves a polarization ratio of approximately 33.15dB at 0°, and 16.58dB at 60°.

[0092] Comparing Figures 7 and 8, we can see that the antenna's cross-polarization ratio at 0° improves by approximately 5dB, and at 60° by approximately 1dB. This indicates that the antenna in Figure 3 has better cross-isolation in both directions, meaning that the first dipole antenna in Figure 3 has less influence on the second dipole antenna. This indicates that compared to the reference antenna in Figure 4, the antenna in Figure 3 achieves stronger signal orthogonality, less correlation between the two signals, easier differentiation between different signals, and better polarization performance. This indicates that adding the T-shaped first auxiliary component and the triangular second auxiliary component improves antenna unit polarization orthogonality, potentially boosting massive MIMO system capacity.

[0093] Figure 9 is a front view of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present application. In Figure 9 , the first auxiliary component 51 and the second auxiliary component 52 of the first radiating portion 201, the second radiating portion 202, the third radiating portion 301, and the fourth radiating portion 302 of the corresponding antenna are all right triangles, and the projected area of ​​the first auxiliary component 51 is larger than the projected area of ​​the second auxiliary component 52. All other structures are identical to those of the antenna in Figure 3 and are not further described here.

[0094] FIG10 is a standing wave simulation diagram corresponding to the antenna in FIG9 .

[0095] Figure 10 shows that the corresponding antenna in Figure 9 has a frequency range of 2.43 GHz to 3.64 GHz when the standing wave ratio is less than 2. Compared to Figure 6, the reference antenna has a frequency range of 2.55 GHz to 3.57 GHz when the standing wave ratio is less than 2. This shows that the antenna's operating bandwidth can still be increased by adding the triangular first and second auxiliary components.

[0096] Figure 11 is a front view of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present application. In Figure 11 , the first auxiliary component 51 and the second auxiliary component 52 of the first radiating portion 201, the second radiating portion 202, the third radiating portion 301, and the fourth radiating portion 302 of the corresponding antenna are all square in shape, and the projected area of ​​the first auxiliary component 51 is larger than the projected area of ​​the second auxiliary component 52. All other structures are identical to those of the antenna shown in Figure 3 and are not further described here.

[0097] FIG12 is a standing wave simulation diagram corresponding to the antenna in FIG11 .

[0098] Figure 12 shows that the corresponding antenna in Figure 11 has a frequency range of 2.39 GHz to 3.55 GHz when the standing wave ratio is less than 2. Compared to Figure 6, the reference antenna has a frequency range of 2.55 GHz to 3.57 GHz when the standing wave ratio is less than 2. This shows that the antenna's operating bandwidth can still be increased by adding the square first and second auxiliary components.

[0099] Figure 13 is a front view of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present application. In Figure 13 , the first auxiliary component 51 and the second auxiliary component 52 of the first radiating portion 201, the second radiating portion 202, the third radiating portion 301, and the fourth radiating portion 302 of the corresponding antenna are each shaped like a quarter circle, and the projected area of ​​the first auxiliary component 51 is larger than the projected area of ​​the second auxiliary component 52. All other structures are identical to those of the antenna in Figure 3 and are not further described here.

[0100] FIG14 is a standing wave simulation diagram corresponding to the antenna in FIG13 .

[0101] Figure 14 shows that the corresponding antenna in Figure 13 has a frequency range of 2.41 GHz to 3.65 GHz when the standing wave ratio is less than 2. Compared to Figure 6, the reference antenna has a frequency range of 2.55 GHz to 3.57 GHz when the standing wave ratio is less than 2. This shows that the antenna's operating bandwidth can still be increased by adding the triangular first and second auxiliary components.

[0102] As can be seen from Figures 3 to 14 above, the present application has an opening in the main structure of the first radiating part, the second radiating part, the third radiating part and the fourth radiating part, and an auxiliary structure is arranged in the opening. No matter how the shape of the auxiliary structure changes, the bandwidth of the antenna will be increased relative to the reference wire. At the same time, the auxiliary structure enriches the current path, reduces the resonant frequency, reduces the overall size of the antenna, and ensures good impedance matching. The present application realizes a miniaturized ultra-wideband high-performance base station antenna, which increases the antenna resonant frequency range and reduces the antenna unit size by utilizing the auxiliary component structure. At the same time, the antenna maintains good radiation performance in a wider frequency band. The reduction in antenna volume can increase the unit spacing in the array, improve the isolation between antenna units, reduce the correlation between units, improve the multi-stream performance of the base station system, and achieve the beneficial effect of reducing the weight and increasing the efficiency of the base station antenna.

[0103] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, comprising any one of the antennas in the above embodiments.

[0104] In some examples, the electronic device provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure further includes a transceiver unit, a radio frequency transceiver, a signal amplifier, a power amplifier, and a filtering unit. The antenna in the electronic device can be used as a transmitting antenna or as a receiving antenna. The transceiver unit may include a baseband and a receiving end. The baseband provides a signal of at least one frequency band, such as a 2G signal, a 3G signal, a 4G signal, a 5G signal, etc., and sends a signal of at least one frequency band to the radio frequency transceiver. After the antenna in the electronic device receives the signal, it can be processed by the filtering unit, the power amplifier, the signal amplifier, and the radio frequency transceiver and then transmitted to the receiving end in the transceiver unit. The receiving end may be, for example, a smart gateway.

[0105] Furthermore, a radio frequency transceiver is connected to the transceiver unit and is used to modulate the signals sent by the transceiver unit or to demodulate the signals received by the antenna and transmit them back to the transceiver unit. Specifically, the radio frequency transceiver may include a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a modulation circuit, and a demodulation circuit. After the transmitting circuit receives various types of signals provided by the baseband, the modulation circuit can modulate these various types of signals provided by the baseband and then transmit them to the antenna. The antenna receives the signal and transmits it to the receiving circuit of the radio frequency transceiver. The receiving circuit transmits the signal to the demodulation circuit, which demodulates the signal and transmits it to the receiving end.

[0106] Furthermore, the RF transceiver is connected to a signal amplifier and a power amplifier, which are then connected to a filtering unit, which is connected to at least one antenna. When the electronic device transmits a signal, the signal amplifier is used to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal output by the RF transceiver before transmitting it to the filtering unit. The power amplifier is used to amplify the power of the signal output by the RF transceiver before transmitting it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit may specifically include a duplexer and a filtering circuit. The filtering unit combines the signals output by the signal amplifier and the power amplifier, filters out noise, and transmits them to the antenna, which radiates the signal. When the electronic device receives a signal, the antenna receives the signal and transmits it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit filters out noise from the signal received by the antenna and transmits it to the signal amplifier and power amplifier. The signal amplifier amplifies the signal received by the antenna to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. The power amplifier amplifies the power of the signal received by the antenna. The signal received by the antenna is processed by the power amplifier and signal amplifier before being transmitted to the RF transceiver, which then transmits it to the transceiver unit.

[0107] In some examples, the signal amplifier may include various types of signal amplifiers, such as a low noise amplifier, which is not limited herein.

[0108] In some examples, the electronic device provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure further includes a power management unit, which is connected to a power amplifier and provides the power amplifier with a voltage for amplifying a signal.

[0109] It will be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments for illustrating the principles of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and substance of the present invention, and such modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An antenna comprising a dielectric substrate, a first dipole antenna and a second dipole antenna, wherein: The dielectric substrate has a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other along the thickness direction thereof; The first dipole antenna comprises a first radiating portion disposed on the first surface, a second radiating portion disposed on the second surface, and a first feeder electrically connecting the first radiating portion and the second radiating portion; The second dipole antenna comprises a third radiating portion arranged on the first surface, a fourth radiating portion arranged on the second surface, and a second feeder electrically connecting the third radiating portion and the fourth radiating portion, wherein the first feeder and the second feeder have different feeding directions; The first radiation part, the second radiation part, the third radiation part and the fourth radiation part all include a main structure and an auxiliary structure; wherein the main structure has an opening, and the auxiliary structure is arranged in the opening and is electrically connected to the main structure.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The first feed line and the second feed line are orthogonal to each other.

3. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The auxiliary structure of the first radiating part, the auxiliary structure of the second radiating part, the auxiliary structure of the third radiating part and the auxiliary structure of the fourth radiating part all include a first auxiliary component and a second auxiliary component, and the first auxiliary component and the second auxiliary component in the opening are respectively connected to two corner positions of the opening.

4. The antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that The orthographic projections of the first feed line and the second feed line on the dielectric substrate are arranged to intersect, and the intersection is a first node. The orthographic projection of the first auxiliary component in each opening on the dielectric substrate is farther away from the first node than the orthographic projection of the second auxiliary component on the dielectric substrate.

5. The antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The vertices of the corners connected by the first auxiliary component and the second auxiliary component in the opening of the first radiating portion have their orthographic projections on the dielectric substrate being the first vertex and the second vertex respectively; The first auxiliary component in the opening of the second radiating portion and the second auxiliary component are connected The orthographic projections of the corner vertices on the dielectric substrate are respectively the third vertex and the fourth vertex; The orthographic projections of the vertices of the corners connected by the first auxiliary component and the second auxiliary component in the opening of the third radiating portion on the dielectric substrate are respectively the fifth vertex and the sixth vertex; The orthographic projections of the vertices of the corners connected by the first auxiliary component and the second auxiliary component in the opening of the fourth radiating portion on the dielectric substrate are respectively the seventh vertex and the eighth vertex; A line connecting the first vertex, the second vertex, the third vertex, the fourth vertex and the first node is a first straight line segment; A line connecting the fifth vertex, the sixth vertex, the seventh vertex, the eighth vertex and the first node is a second straight line segment; The first straight line segment and the second straight line segment intersect.

6. The antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that The shapes of the first auxiliary component of the first radiation part, the first auxiliary component of the second radiation part, the first auxiliary component of the third radiation part and the first auxiliary component of the fourth radiation part are all one of a triangle, a circle, a quarter circle, a square, a diamond, a T-shaped branch or a Y-shaped branch; and / or, The shapes of the second auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the second auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the second auxiliary component of the third radiating part and the second auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all one of a triangle, a circle, a quarter circle, a square, a diamond, a T-shaped branch or a Y-shaped branch.

7. The antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that The shapes of the first auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the first auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the first auxiliary component of the third radiating part and the first auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all T-shaped branches, and the shapes of the second auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the second auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the second auxiliary component of the third radiating part and the second auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all triangles, wherein the vertical sides of the first auxiliary components of the T-shaped branches are connected to the main structure as an integral structure, and the first sides and the second sides corresponding to a corner of the second auxiliary components of the triangle are connected to the main structure as an integral structure.

8. The antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that The shapes of the first auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the first auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the first auxiliary component of the third radiating part and the first auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all triangles, and the shapes of the second auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the second auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the second auxiliary component of the third radiating part and the second auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are also triangles, wherein the third side and the fourth side corresponding to a corner of the first auxiliary component of the triangle are connected to the main structure as an integral structure, and the fifth side and the sixth side corresponding to a corner of the second auxiliary component of the triangle are connected to the main structure as an integral structure.

9. The antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: The shape of the first auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the third radiating part and the shape of the first auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all squares, and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the third radiating part and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are also squares, wherein the seventh side and the eighth side corresponding to one corner of the square first auxiliary component are connected to the main structure as an integrated structure, and the ninth side and the tenth side corresponding to one corner of the square second auxiliary component are connected to the main structure as an integrated structure.

10. The antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: The shape of the first auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the first auxiliary component of the third radiating part and the shape of the first auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are all quarter-circles, and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the first radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the second radiating part, the shape of the second auxiliary component of the third radiating part and the shape of the second auxiliary component of the fourth radiating part are also quarter-circles, wherein the center of the quarter-circle first auxiliary component is connected to the main structure as an integrated structure, and the center of the quarter-circle second auxiliary component is connected to the main structure as an integrated structure.

11. The antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The projection area of ​​the first auxiliary component of the first radiation portion, the second radiation portion, the third radiation portion and the fourth radiation portion is greater than the projection area of ​​the second auxiliary component.

12. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that One of the first feed line and the second feed line is disposed on the first surface, and the other is disposed on the second surface.

13. The antenna according to claim 11, characterized in that: The first radiating portion and the first feeder are both arranged on the first surface, the two are directly connected, and the first feeder is coupled to the second radiating portion; the fourth radiating portion and the second feeder are both arranged on the second surface, the two are directly connected, and the second feeder is coupled to the third radiating portion; or, The second radiating portion and the first feeder are both arranged on the second surface, the two are directly connected, and the first feeder is coupled to the first radiating portion; the third radiating portion and the second feeder are both arranged on the first surface, the two are directly connected, and the second feeder is coupled to the fourth radiating portion.

14. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The antenna also includes a feeding structure electrically connected to the first feed line and the second feed line.

15. The antenna according to claim 14, characterized in that The feeding structure is a coaxial probe.

16. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The antenna further includes a reflection plate, which is disposed on one side of the second radiation portion and the fourth radiation portion and on a side away from the second radiation portion and the fourth radiation portion.

17. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The orthographic projections of the first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna on the dielectric substrate do not overlap.

18. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The line width of the first feed line increases monotonically or decreases monotonically from the center of the first radiating portion to the center of the second radiating portion; The line width of the second feed line increases monotonically or decreases monotonically in a direction from the center of the third radiating portion to the center of the fourth radiating portion.

19. An electronic device, characterized in that: The invention comprises the antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 18.

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