Antenna unit and preparation method therefor, antenna array, and electronic device

Abstract

An antenna unit and a preparation method therefor, an antenna array, and an electronic device. The antenna array comprises at least one antenna unit. The antenna unit comprises: a substrate (2) comprising a first surface and a second surface which are arranged opposite to each other in the thickness direction of the substrate (2); a first radiation patch (3) disposed on the first surface of the substrate (2); feed lines (4) disposed on the first surface of the substrate (2), the feed lines (4) being connected to the first radiation patch (3); and a second radiation patch (5) suspended on the side of the first radiation patch (3) away from the substrate (2), the orthographic projection of the second radiation patch (5) on the substrate (2) overlapping the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch (3) on the substrate (2), and at least one of the first radiation patch (3) and the second radiation patch (5) being provided with an isolation structure.

Description

Antenna unit and manufacturing method thereof, antenna array, and electronic equipment

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on June 25, 2023, with application number 202310756212.1 and invention name “An antenna unit and its preparation method, antenna array, electronic device”, the content of which should be understood as incorporated into this application by reference. Technical Field

[0002] The embodiments of the present disclosure relate to, but are not limited to, the field of communication technology, and specifically relate to an antenna unit and a manufacturing method thereof, an antenna array, and an electronic device. Background Art

[0003] Antennas are widely used in communications, navigation, radar, and other fields. With the development of electronic devices, antennas are becoming increasingly miniaturized, resulting in increasingly close spacing between antenna structures. This can cause mutual coupling. However, strong mutual coupling can alter the current amplitude and phase distribution of the antenna, leading to poor antenna performance.

[0004] Summary of the Invention

[0005] The following is an overview of the subject matter described in detail in this disclosure. This overview is not intended to limit the scope of the claims.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an antenna unit, including:

[0007] A substrate including a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other along a thickness direction thereof;

[0008] A first radiation patch is provided on the first surface of the substrate;

[0009] a feed line, disposed on the first surface of the substrate, the feed line being connected to the first radiation patch;

[0010] a second radiation patch, suspended and arranged on a side of the first radiation patch away from the substrate, wherein the second radiation patch overlaps with an orthographic projection of the first radiation patch on the substrate;

[0011] At least one of the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch is provided with an isolation structure.

[0012] In an exemplary embodiment, at least one second isolation structure is provided on the second radiation patch, and the second isolation structure is a slot structure or a through-hole structure.

[0013] In an exemplary embodiment, the shape of the trough-like structure comprises a U-shape.

[0014] In an exemplary embodiment, the shape of the through-hole structure includes a rectangle.

[0015] In an exemplary embodiment, part or all of the second isolation structure is bent in a direction approaching the substrate.

[0016] In an exemplary embodiment, the second radiation patch includes at least one corner, and the second isolation structure is disposed in the at least one corner region of the second radiation patch.

[0017] In an exemplary embodiment, the second radiation patch is rectangular in shape, and the second isolation structures are respectively disposed at four corner regions of the second radiation patch.

[0018] In an exemplary embodiment, at least one protrusion is provided on the second radiation patch, and part or all of the second isolation structure is provided on the protrusion.

[0019] In an exemplary embodiment, the protrusion is bent in a direction close to the substrate and is arranged obliquely with respect to the second radiation patch.

[0020] In an exemplary embodiment, the second radiation patch is polygonal in shape, includes first side portions and second side portions located between adjacent first side portions, and the protrusion is provided on the first side portions.

[0021] In an exemplary embodiment, a ratio of the first length of the second isolation structure to the second length of the second isolation structure is 0.5 to 2, the first length is a distance characteristic in a fourth direction, the second length is a distance characteristic in a fifth direction, the fourth direction and the fifth direction are both parallel to the substrate, and the fourth direction intersects the fifth direction.

[0022] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projection of the first radiating patch on the substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the second radiating patch on the substrate.

[0023] In an exemplary embodiment, the feed line is integrally connected to the first radiation patch.

[0024] In an exemplary embodiment, an orthographic projection of the feed line on the substrate is located within an orthographic projection of the second radiation patch on the substrate.

[0025] In an exemplary embodiment, the feed line includes a first feed line and a second feed line, and the first feed line and the second feed line are located on the same side of the first radiation patch.

[0026] In an exemplary embodiment, at least one first isolation structure is provided on the first radiation patch, the first isolation structure, the first feed line, and the second feed line are located on the same side of the first radiation patch, and the first isolation structure is located between the first feed line and the second feed line.

[0027] In an exemplary embodiment, the first isolation structure comprises a groove-like structure.

[0028] In an exemplary embodiment, a ratio of the third length of the first isolation structure to the fourth length of the first isolation structure is 1 to 4, the third length is a distance characteristic in the second direction, the fourth length is a distance characteristic in the first direction, the first direction and the second direction are both parallel to the substrate, and the first direction intersects the second direction.

[0029] In an exemplary embodiment, the distance from the central axis of the first isolation structure to the edge of the first feeder is L1, and the distance from the central axis of the first isolation structure to the edge of the second feeder is L2, and the ratio of L2 to L1 is 3 to 4.

[0030] In an exemplary embodiment, the shape of the first radiating patch comprises a rectangle, and at least one corner of the first radiating patch is rounded.

[0031] In an exemplary embodiment, at least one isolation wall is provided on an edge of the substrate, and the isolation wall protrudes from the first surface of the substrate.

[0032] In an exemplary embodiment, the base includes a first side and a second side opposite to each other, and the isolation walls are respectively provided at both ends of the first side and the second side; or, the isolation walls are respectively provided in the middle of the first side and the middle of the second side.

[0033] In an exemplary embodiment, the isolation wall is provided with a connection hole.

[0034] In an exemplary embodiment, a reflective plate is further included. The reflective plate is disposed on the second surface of the substrate. The reflective plate is made of a conductive material and is grounded.

[0035] In an exemplary embodiment, the substrate is a glass substrate.

[0036] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an antenna array, comprising a plurality of antenna units as described in any one of claims 1 to 25 and a power divider circuit, wherein the power divider circuit comprises a one-to-many equal power dividing circuit, wherein the one-to-many equal power dividing circuit comprises a main line and a plurality of branch lines, wherein the first ends of the plurality of branch lines are electrically connected to the main line, and the second ends of the plurality of branch lines are connected one-to-one with the feed lines of a plurality of antenna units, and the power divider circuit is configured to provide signals of approximately equal power to the plurality of antenna units.

[0037] In an exemplary embodiment, three antenna units are included, the power divider circuit includes a one-to-three equal power dividing circuit, the one-to-three equal power dividing circuit includes a main line and three branch lines, the first ends of the three branch lines are connected to the main line, and the second ends of the three branch lines are connected one-to-one to the feed lines of the three antenna units.

[0038] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an electronic device comprising the aforementioned antenna unit.

[0039] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a method for preparing an antenna unit, comprising:

[0040] forming a first radiation patch and a feed line on a substrate, wherein the feed line is connected to the first radiation patch;

[0041] A second radiation patch is formed on the side of the first radiation patch away from the substrate, and the second radiation patch is suspended on the first radiation patch. The second radiation patch overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch on the substrate, and at least one of the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch is provided with an isolation structure.

[0042] Still other aspects will become apparent upon reading and understanding the accompanying drawings and detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] The accompanying drawings are used to provide an understanding of the technical solution of the present application and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present application, they are used to explain the technical solution of the present application and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solution of the present application.

[0044] FIG1a is a top view of an antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0045] FIG1b is a top view of the first radiating patch of the antenna unit in FIG1a;

[0046] FIG1c is a top view of the second radiating patch of the antenna unit in FIG1a;

[0047] FIG2 is a top view of another antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0048] FIG3 is a top view of another antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0049] FIG4 a is a top view of another antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0050] FIG4 b is a top view of the first radiating patch of the antenna unit in FIG4 a ;

[0051] FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0052] FIG6 is a top view of the antenna unit in FIG5 ;

[0053] FIG7 is a side view of the antenna unit in FIG5;

[0054] FIG8 a is a top view of the first radiating patch of the antenna unit in FIG5 ;

[0055] FIG8 b is a top view of the second radiating patch of the antenna unit in FIG5 ;

[0056] FIG9 a is a graph showing the standing wave ratios of the first feeder and the second feeder corresponding to the ports of the antenna unit in FIG5 ;

[0057] FIG9 b is a graph showing the isolation between the first feeder and the second feeder corresponding to the ports of the antenna unit in FIG5 ;

[0058] FIG9 c is a graph showing the vertical gain and beamwidth of the antenna unit in FIG5 ;

[0059] FIG9 d is a graph showing the horizontal gain and beamwidth of the antenna unit in FIG5 ;

[0060] FIG9e is a graph showing the cross-polarization ratios of the antenna unit in FIG5 along the axial direction and at ±60°;

[0061] FIG9 f is a graph showing the front-to-back ratio of the antenna unit in FIG5 ;

[0062] FIG10a is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0063] FIG10 b is a schematic structural diagram of the second radiation patch of the antenna unit in FIG10 a ;

[0064] FIG11a is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0065] FIG11b is a schematic structural diagram of the second radiation patch of the antenna unit in FIG11a;

[0066] FIG12 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0067] FIG13a is a structural diagram 1 of a one-to-three equal power division circuit of an antenna array according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0068] FIG13 b is a second structural diagram of a one-to-three equal power division circuit of an antenna array according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0069] FIG14 a is a graph showing the standing wave ratios of the input ports on both sides of the 1to3 antenna array shown in FIG12 ;

[0070] FIG14 b is a graph showing the isolation between the input ports on both sides of the 1to3 antenna array shown in FIG12 ;

[0071] FIG14c is a graph showing the vertical gain and beamwidth of the 1to3 antenna array shown in FIG12;

[0072] FIG14 d is a graph showing the horizontal gain and beamwidth of the 1 to 3 antenna array shown in FIG12 ;

[0073] FIG14e is a graph showing the cross-polarization ratio of the 1to3 antenna array shown in FIG12 ;

[0074] FIG14 f is a graph showing the front-to-back ratio of the 1 to 3 antenna array shown in FIG12 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0075] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure clearer, the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Note that the embodiments can be implemented in a variety of different forms. A person of ordinary skill in the art can easily understand the fact that the methods and contents can be transformed into various forms without departing from the purpose and scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure should not be interpreted as being limited to the contents described in the following embodiments. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments in the present disclosure and the features in the embodiments can be arbitrarily combined with each other.

[0076] In the drawings, the sizes of various components, layer thicknesses, or regions may be exaggerated for clarity. Therefore, one embodiment of the present disclosure is not necessarily limited to these dimensions, and the shapes and sizes of the components in the drawings do not reflect true proportions. Furthermore, the drawings schematically illustrate idealized examples, and one embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited to the shapes or numerical values ​​shown in the drawings.

[0077] In this specification, ordinal numbers such as “first”, “second” and “third” are provided to avoid confusion among constituent elements, and are not intended to limit the number.

[0078] In this specification, for convenience, words and phrases indicating orientation or positional relationships, such as "middle," "upper," "lower," "front," "back," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inside," and "outside," are used to illustrate the positional relationships of constituent elements with reference to the accompanying drawings. This is merely for the purpose of facilitating the description of this specification and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure. The positional relationships of constituent elements may be appropriately changed depending on the direction in which each constituent element is described. Therefore, the present disclosure is not limited to the words and phrases described in the specification and may be appropriately replaced according to the circumstances.

[0079] In this specification, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed, removable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct connections, indirect connections through intermediaries, or internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this disclosure.

[0080] In this specification, "parallel" refers to a state where the angle formed by two straight lines is greater than -10° and less than 10°, and thus also includes a state where the angle is greater than -5° and less than 5°. Furthermore, "perpendicular" refers to a state where the angle formed by two straight lines is greater than 80° and less than 100°, and thus also includes a state where the angle is greater than 85° and less than 95°.

[0081] The term "about" in the present disclosure refers to a numerical value that is not strictly defined and allows for process and measurement errors.

[0082] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an antenna unit, including:

[0083] A substrate including a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other along a thickness direction thereof;

[0084] A first radiation patch is provided on the first surface of the substrate;

[0085] a feed line, disposed on the first surface of the substrate, the feed line being connected to the first radiation patch;

[0086] a second radiation patch, suspended and arranged on a side of the first radiation patch away from the substrate, wherein the second radiation patch overlaps with an orthographic projection of the first radiation patch on the substrate;

[0087] At least one of the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch is provided with an isolation structure.

[0088] The solution of this embodiment is illustrated below through some examples.

[0089] FIG1a is a top view of an antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG1 , the antenna unit includes a reflector 1 , a substrate 2 , a first radiation patch 3 , a feed line 4 , and a second radiation patch 5 .

[0090] In one exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG1 , substrate 2 may be rectangular in shape. Substrate 2 includes a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite each other along its thickness. A first radiating patch 3 and a feed line 4 are disposed on the first surface of substrate 2 and in contact with the first radiating patch 3 and the feed line 4. A reflector 1 is disposed on the second surface of substrate 2 and in contact with the reflector 1.

[0091] In an exemplary embodiment, the first radiation patch 3 and the feed line 4 can be formed on the first surface of the substrate 2 by an evaporation process, and the reflector 1 can be obtained on the second surface of the substrate 2 by a metal integral molding machining process.

[0092] In an exemplary embodiment, the substrate 2 is a glass substrate. For example, the dielectric constant of the glass substrate is 5.5, the dielectric loss tangent of the glass substrate is 0.004, and the thickness of the glass substrate is 0.5 mm.

[0093] The antenna units in the disclosed embodiments utilize a glass substrate, which effectively reduces the weight and cost of the antenna units compared to metal oscillators (sheet metal / die-cast), enabling the integration of more antenna units. For example, when the number of antenna units is 192, 256, or 384, the glass substrate can effectively reduce the weight and cost of the antenna units.

[0094] In an exemplary embodiment, the antenna unit of the embodiment of the present disclosure can be integrated into a 5G base station to achieve the purpose of energy saving and cost reduction.

[0095] Figure 1b is a top view of the first radiating patch of the antenna unit in Figure 1a. In one exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 1b, first radiating patch 3 can be rectangular in shape and have a thickness of approximately 1 to 2 microns. The surface of first radiating patch 3 contacts the first surface of substrate 2. The orthographic projection of first radiating patch 3 on substrate 2 is located within the orthographic projection of second radiating patch 5 on substrate 2. First radiating patch 3 is electrically connected to feed line 4 and can emit a signal in response to an excitation signal applied by feed line 4.

[0096] In an exemplary embodiment, the first radiating patch 3 has a rectangular shape, and at least one corner of the first radiating patch 3 is rounded. For example, the first radiating patch 3 includes a first corner 302 and a second corner 303 located on the side opposite to the second direction D2. Both the first corner 302 and the second corner 303 may be rounded, as shown in FIG4 .

[0097] In an exemplary embodiment, the feed line 4 includes a first feed line 41 and a second feed line 42 , and both the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 are connected to the edge 31 of the first radiation patch 3 .

[0098] The antenna unit of the embodiment of the present disclosure applies excitation to the antenna unit through the first feed line and the second feed line, and each radiates to generate ±45° polarization.

[0099] In an exemplary embodiment, the first end of the first feed line 41 is integrally connected to the first end of the edge portion 31, the second end of the first feed line 41 extends along the second direction D2, and the orthographic projections of the first feed line 41 and the second radiating patch 5 on the substrate do not overlap. Integrally connected means that they are made of the same material and through the same manufacturing process.

[0100] In an exemplary embodiment, the first end of the second feed line 42 is integrally connected to the second end of the edge portion 31 , the second end of the second feed line 42 extends along the second direction D2 , and the orthographic projection of the second feed line 42 and the second radiation patch 5 on the substrate does not overlap.

[0101] In an exemplary embodiment, the thickness of the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 is approximately equal to the thickness of the first radiating patch 3. For example, the thickness of the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 is approximately 1 to 2 microns. The length of the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 in the first direction D1 is approximately 0.5 to 1 mm, and the length of the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 in the second direction D2 is approximately 5 to 10 mm. The first direction D1 and the second direction D2 are both parallel to the plane of the substrate 2, and the first direction D1 and the second direction D2 intersect. For example, the first direction D1 and the second direction D2 are perpendicular.

[0102] Figure 1c is a top view of the second radiating patch of the antenna unit in Figure 1a. In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 1c, the second radiating patch 5 can be rectangular in shape and have a thickness of approximately 0.5 mm to 3 mm, for example, 2 mm. The second radiating patch 5 is suspended on a side of the first radiating patch 3 away from the substrate 2, with a space provided between the second radiating patch 5 and the first radiating patch 3, and the second radiating patch 5 does not contact the first radiating patch 3. The orthographic projection of the second radiating patch 5 on the substrate 2 covers the orthographic projection of the first radiating patch 3 on the substrate 2, and the orthographic projection of the second radiating patch 5 on the substrate 2 overlaps the orthographic projection of the feed line 4 on the substrate 2.

[0103] In an exemplary embodiment, the vertical distance between the surface of the second radiation patch 5 close to the substrate and the first surface of the substrate 2 is 7.5 mm.

[0104] The antenna unit of the embodiment of the present disclosure can generate different resonant frequencies through the first radiation patch 3 and the second radiation patch 5, thereby achieving the purpose of widening the bandwidth, so that the antenna unit can achieve broadband.

[0105] In an exemplary embodiment, a support column is provided on the substrate 2, and the support column extends along the third direction D3. The first end of the support column is connected to the first surface of the substrate 2, and the second end of the support column is connected to the second radiation patch 5. The support column is used to support the second radiation patch 5 so that the second radiation patch 5 can be suspended.

[0106] In an exemplary embodiment, the support column and the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch 3 on the substrate do not overlap.

[0107] In an exemplary embodiment, the shape of the second radiation patch 5 can be rectangular, and the second radiation patch 5 includes four corners. The four corner areas of the second radiation patch 5 are each provided with a second isolation structure 72. The shape of the second isolation structure 72 is a "U"-shaped groove structure. The second isolation structure 72 is a groove body formed by the corners of the second radiation patch 5 being recessed toward the inner side of the second radiation patch 5.

[0108] The antenna unit of the embodiment of the present disclosure can change the current path of the second radiation patch through the second isolation structure on the second radiation patch, extend the effective length of the current path, reduce the resonant frequency, and thereby increase the electrical length of the antenna unit, expand the bandwidth of the antenna unit, and reduce the standing wave ratio of the antenna unit.

[0109] The antenna unit shown in Figure 1a was simulated and tested. In the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the antenna unit is ≤1.4, the isolation S12 between the corresponding ports of the first feed line and the second feed line is ≤-17.78 dB, the actual total gain of the antenna unit is ≥7.83 dBi, the vertical surface wave width of the antenna unit is ≥66°, the horizontal surface wave width of the antenna unit is ≥70°, the axial cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit is ≥24.34 dB, the ±60° cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit is ≥8.14 dB, and the front-to-back ratio of the antenna unit is ≥15.08 dB.

[0110] Figure 2 is a top view of another antenna unit of the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. The antenna unit of the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is substantially the same as the antenna unit shown in Figure 1a, except that, as shown in Figure 2, a partition wall 6 is provided on the base 2 of the antenna unit of this embodiment.

[0111] The antenna units of the disclosed embodiments are separated by a barrier on the substrate. This, on the one hand, reduces the mutual coupling effect (also known as the coupling effect) between adjacent antenna units, thereby improving isolation between adjacent antenna units. Furthermore, the barrier increases the ±60° cross-polarization ratio and front-to-back ratio of the antenna units.

[0112] In an exemplary embodiment, at least one isolation wall 6 is provided on the edge of the substrate 2, and the isolation wall 6 is rectangular in shape. The first end of the isolation wall 6 is connected to the edge of the substrate 2, and the second end of the isolation wall 6 extends in a direction perpendicular to the substrate 2 and protrudes from the first surface of the substrate 2.

[0113] In an exemplary embodiment, the substrate 2 includes a first side 21 and a second side 22, both of which extend along a second direction D2. First side 21 is provided with first isolation walls 61 at opposite ends of the first side 21 in the second direction D2. The two first isolation walls 61 are disconnected from each other and perpendicular to the first side 21. The thickness of the first isolation walls 61 is 0.2 mm to 1.5 mm, for example, 0.5 mm. Second side 22 is provided with second isolation walls 62 at opposite ends of the second direction D2. The two second isolation walls 62 are disconnected from each other and perpendicular to the second side 22. The thickness of the second isolation walls 62 is 0.2 mm to 1.5 mm, for example, 0.5 mm.

[0114] Taking the size of the first radiation patch 3 as 25mm x 25mm, the vertical distance between the surface of the second radiation patch 5 close to the substrate and the first surface of the substrate 2 as 6.5mm, and the size of the isolation wall 6 as 21.875mm x 7.5mm x 0.5mm as an example, the antenna unit shown in Figure 2 is simulated and tested. In the 2.515-2.675GHz frequency band, the standing wave ratio VSWR of the antenna unit is ≤1.51, the isolation S12 between the corresponding ports of the first feed line and the second feed line is ≤-18.1dB, the actual total gain of the antenna unit is ≥7.57dBi, the vertical surface wave width of the antenna unit is ≥69°, the horizontal surface wave width of the antenna unit is ≥73°, the axial cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit is ≥20.81dB, the ±60° cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit is ≥16.01dB, and the front-to-back ratio of the antenna unit is ≥23.71dB.

[0115] From the above simulation results, it can be seen that the isolation wall can improve the isolation between adjacent antenna units and increase the ±60° cross-polarization ratio and front-to-back ratio of the antenna unit.

[0116] Figure 3 is a top view of another antenna unit of the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. The antenna unit of the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is substantially the same as the antenna unit shown in Figure 1a, except that, as shown in Figure 3, a partition wall 6 is provided on the base 2 of the antenna unit of this embodiment.

[0117] In an exemplary embodiment, the base 2 is rectangular and includes a first side 21 and a second side 22 opposite to each other, both extending along the second direction D2. The isolation wall 6 is disposed in the middle of the first side 21 and the second side 22.

[0118] Taking the isolation wall 6 with a size of 25 mm x 3 mm x 0.5 mm as an example, a simulation test is performed on the antenna unit shown in Figure 3. In the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the antenna unit is ≤1.48, the isolation S12 between the corresponding ports of the first feed line and the second feed line is ≤-19.31 dB, the actual total gain of the antenna unit is ≥7.82 dBi, the vertical surface wave width of the antenna unit is ≥66°, the horizontal surface wave width of the antenna unit is ≥70°, the axial cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit is ≥25.37 dB, the ±60° cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit is ≥10.11 dB, and the front-to-back ratio of the antenna unit is ≥15.49 dB.

[0119] From the above simulation results, it can be seen that the isolation wall can improve the isolation between adjacent antenna units and increase the ±60° cross-polarization ratio and front-to-back ratio of the antenna unit.

[0120] Figure 4a is a top view of another antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. This antenna unit is substantially identical to the antenna unit shown in Figure 1a , except that, as shown in Figure 4a , two first isolation structures 71 are provided on the first radiating patch 3 of this antenna unit. Both first isolation structures 71 are located between two feed lines 4 and are located on the same side of the first radiating patch 3 as the two feed lines 4.

[0121] Figure 4b is a top view of the first radiating patch of the antenna unit in Figure 4a. In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 4, the first radiating patch 3 includes a side portion 31 located on one side of the second direction D2. The side portion 31 extends along the first direction D1 and is connected to the feed line 4 at both ends of the side portion 31 in the first direction D1. Two first isolation structures 71 are provided on the side portion 31, and both first isolation structures 71 are located between the two feed lines 4. The first direction D1 and the second direction D2 are both parallel to the plane of the substrate 2, and the first direction D1 intersects the second direction D2. For example, the first direction D1 is perpendicular to the second direction D2.

[0122] The antenna unit of the disclosed embodiment utilizes a first isolation structure on the first radiating patch. This structure, on the one hand, alters the current path of the first radiating patch, extending the effective length of the current path and lowering the resonant frequency. This, in turn, increases the electrical length of the antenna unit, broadens the bandwidth of the antenna unit, and reduces the standing wave ratio of the antenna unit. Furthermore, the first isolation structure improves the isolation between the two feed lines 4.

[0123] In an exemplary embodiment, the first isolation structure 71 is in the shape of a U-shaped groove structure. The first isolation structure 71 is a groove body formed by the side portion 31 being recessed in the opposite direction of the second direction D2.

[0124] In an exemplary embodiment, the ratio of the third length of the first isolation structure 71 to the fourth length of the first isolation structure is 1 to 4, where the third length is a characteristic distance in the second direction D2, and the fourth length is a characteristic distance in the first direction D1. For example, the third length of the first isolation structure 71 is 2 mm, and the fourth length of the first isolation structure 71 is 0.5 mm.

[0125] In an exemplary embodiment, the two first isolation structures 71 on the side portion 31 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central axis of the first radiation patch 3 in the second direction D2.

[0126] In an exemplary embodiment, the feed line 4 includes a first feed line 41 and a second feed line 42 , and both the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 are connected to the edge 31 of the first radiation patch 3 .

[0127] In an exemplary embodiment, the distance between the central axis O of the first isolation structure 71 on the side of the edge 31 close to the first feeder 41 and the edge of the first feeder 41 is L1, and the distance between the central axis O of the first isolation structure 71 on the side of the edge 31 close to the first feeder 41 and the edge of the second feeder 42 is L2. The ratio of L2 to L1 is 3 to 4. For example, L1 is 5.25 mm.

[0128] The antenna unit shown in Figure 4a was simulated and tested. In the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the antenna unit was ≤ 1.32, the isolation S12 between the corresponding ports of the first feed line and the second feed line was ≤ -21.99 dB, the actual total gain of the antenna unit was ≥ 7.8 dBi, the vertical surface wave width of the antenna unit was ≥ 66°, the horizontal surface wave width of the antenna unit was ≥ 70°, the axial cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit was ≥ 33.6 dB, the ±60° cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit was ≥ 8.91 dB, and the front-to-back ratio of the antenna unit was ≥ 15.31 dB.

[0129] It can be seen from the above simulation results that the first isolation structure can reduce the standing wave ratio of the antenna and improve the isolation between the first feed line and the second feed line.

[0130] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG5 , the antenna unit includes a reflector 1 , a substrate 2 , a first radiation patch 3 , a feed line 4 and a second radiation patch 5 .

[0131] FIG6 is a top view of the antenna unit in FIG5 ; FIG7 is a side view of the antenna unit in FIG5 . In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG6 and FIG7 , the shape of the substrate 2 may be rectangular. The substrate 2 includes a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other along its thickness direction, the first surface being the surface of the substrate 2 on the side opposite to the third direction D3, and the second surface being the surface of the substrate 2 on the side of the third direction D3. A first radiation patch 3 and a feed line 4 are arranged on the first surface of the substrate 2, and the first surface of the substrate 2 is in contact with the first radiation patch 3 and the feed line 4. A reflector 1 is arranged on the second surface of the substrate 2, and the second surface of the substrate 2 is in contact with the reflector 1. The third direction D3 intersects with the plane where the substrate 2 is located. For example, the third direction D3 is perpendicular to the plane where the substrate 2 is located.

[0132] In an exemplary embodiment, the first radiation patch 3 and the feed line 4 can be formed on the first surface of the substrate 2 by an evaporation process, and the reflector 1 can be obtained on the second surface of the substrate 2 by a metal integral molding machining process.

[0133] In an exemplary embodiment, the substrate 2 is a glass substrate. For example, the dielectric constant of the glass substrate is 5.5, the dielectric loss tangent of the glass substrate is 0.004, and the thickness of the glass substrate is 0.5 mm.

[0134] The antenna units in the disclosed embodiments utilize a glass substrate, which effectively reduces the weight and cost of the antenna units compared to metal oscillators (sheet metal / die-cast), enabling the integration of more antenna units. For example, when the number of antenna units is 192, 256, or 384, the glass substrate can effectively reduce the weight and cost of the antenna units.

[0135] In an exemplary embodiment, the antenna unit of the embodiment of the present disclosure can be integrated into a 5G base station to achieve the purpose of energy saving and cost reduction.

[0136] In an exemplary embodiment, reflector 1 can be rectangular in shape. A surface of reflector 1 contacts the second surface of substrate 2. Reflector 1 can be configured to reflect signals emitted by first radiating patch 3 toward a direction closer to second radiating patch 5, thereby increasing the signal strength of the antenna unit.

[0137] In an exemplary embodiment, the reflective plate 1 is made of a conductive material and is grounded.

[0138] Figure 8a is a top view of the first radiating patch of the antenna unit in Figure 5 . In one exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 8a , the first radiating patch 3 can be rectangular in shape and have a thickness of approximately 1 to 2 microns, for example, 1.2 microns. The surface of the first radiating patch 3 contacts the first surface of the substrate 2. The orthographic projection of the first radiating patch 3 on the substrate 2 is located within the orthographic projection of the second radiating patch 5 on the substrate 2. The first radiating patch 3 is electrically connected to the feed line 4 and can emit a signal in response to an excitation signal applied by the feed line 4.

[0139] In an exemplary embodiment, the first radiating patch 3 includes a side portion 31 located on one side of the second direction D2. The side portion 31 extends along the first direction D1 and is connected to the feed line 4 at both ends of the side portion 31 in the first direction D1. Two first isolation structures 71 are provided on the side portion 31, and the two first isolation structures 71 are located between the two feed lines 4. The first direction D1 and the second direction D2 are both parallel to the plane of the substrate 2, and the first direction D1 intersects the second direction D2. For example, the first direction D1 is perpendicular to the second direction D2.

[0140] The antenna unit of the disclosed embodiment utilizes a first isolation structure on the first radiating patch. This structure, on the one hand, alters the current path of the first radiating patch, extending the effective length of the current path and lowering the resonant frequency. This, in turn, increases the electrical length of the antenna unit, broadens the bandwidth of the antenna unit, and reduces the standing wave ratio of the antenna unit. Furthermore, the first isolation structure improves the isolation between the two feed lines 4.

[0141] In an exemplary embodiment, the first isolation structure 71 is in the shape of a U-shaped groove structure. The first isolation structure 71 is a groove body formed by the side portion 31 being recessed in the opposite direction of the second direction D2.

[0142] In an exemplary embodiment, the ratio of the third length of the first isolation structure 71 to the fourth length of the first isolation structure is 1 to 4, where the third length is a characteristic distance in the second direction D2, and the fourth length is a characteristic distance in the first direction D1. For example, the third length of the first isolation structure 71 is 2 mm, and the fourth length of the first isolation structure 71 is 0.5 mm.

[0143] In an exemplary embodiment, the two first isolation structures 71 on the side portion 31 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central axis of the first radiation patch 3 in the second direction D2.

[0144] In an exemplary embodiment, the first radiating patch 3 has a rectangular shape, and at least one corner of the first radiating patch 3 is rounded. For example, the first radiating patch 3 includes a first corner 302 and a second corner 303 located on the side opposite to the second direction D2. Both the first corner 302 and the second corner 303 may be rounded, as shown in FIG8 .

[0145] In an exemplary embodiment, the feed line 4 includes a first feed line 41 and a second feed line 42 , and both the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 are connected to the edge 31 of the first radiation patch 3 .

[0146] The antenna unit of the embodiment of the present disclosure applies excitation to the antenna unit through the first feed line and the second feed line, and each radiates to generate ±45° polarization.

[0147] In an exemplary embodiment, the first end of the first feed line 41 is integrally connected to the first end of the edge portion 31, the second end of the first feed line 41 extends along the second direction D2, and the orthographic projections of the first feed line 41 and the second radiating patch 5 on the substrate do not overlap. Integrally connected means that they are made of the same material and through the same manufacturing process.

[0148] In an exemplary embodiment, the first end of the second feed line 42 is integrally connected to the second end of the edge portion 31 , the second end of the second feed line 42 extends along the second direction D2 , and the orthographic projection of the second feed line 42 and the second radiation patch 5 on the substrate does not overlap.

[0149] In an exemplary embodiment, the thickness of the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 is approximately equal to the thickness of the first radiating patch 3. For example, the thickness of the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 is approximately 1 to 2 microns. The length of the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 in the first direction D1 is approximately 0.5 to 1 mm, and the length of the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 in the second direction D2 is approximately 5 to 10 mm.

[0150] In an exemplary embodiment, the distance between the central axis O of the first isolation structure 71 on the side of the edge 31 close to the first feeder 41 and the edge of the first feeder 41 is L1, and the distance between the central axis O of the first isolation structure 71 on the side of the edge 31 close to the first feeder 41 and the edge of the second feeder 42 is L2. The ratio of L2 to L1 is 3 to 4. For example, L1 is 5.25 mm.

[0151] In an exemplary embodiment, at least one isolation wall 6 is provided on the edge of the substrate 2, and the isolation wall 6 is rectangular in shape. The first end of the isolation wall 6 is connected to the edge of the substrate 2, and the second end of the isolation wall 6 extends along the third direction D3 and protrudes from the first surface of the substrate 2.

[0152] The antenna units of the disclosed embodiments are separated by a barrier on the substrate. This, on the one hand, reduces the mutual coupling effect (also known as the coupling effect) between adjacent antenna units, thereby improving isolation between adjacent antenna units. Furthermore, the barrier increases the ±60° cross-polarization ratio and front-to-back ratio of the antenna units.

[0153] In an exemplary embodiment, the substrate 2 includes a first side 21 and a second side 22, both of which extend along a second direction D2. First side 21 is provided with first isolation walls 61 at opposite ends of the first side 21 in the second direction D2. The two first isolation walls 61 are disconnected from each other and perpendicular to the first side 21. The thickness of the first isolation walls 61 is 0.2 mm to 1.5 mm, for example, 0.5 mm. Second side 22 is provided with second isolation walls 62 at opposite ends of the second side 22 in the second direction D2. The two second isolation walls 62 are disconnected from each other and perpendicular to the second side 22. The thickness of the second isolation walls 62 is 0.2 mm to 1.5 mm, for example, 0.5 mm.

[0154] In an exemplary embodiment, the reflector 1, the first radiation patch 3, the feed line 4 and the second radiation patch 5 can all be made of metal materials. For example, the reflector 1, the first radiation patch 3, the feed line 4 and the second radiation patch 5 can all include but are not limited to metals such as copper, aluminum or alloys, so that the resistance of the reflector 1, the first radiation patch 3, the feed line 4 and the second radiation patch 5 is low and the sensitivity of the transmitted signal is high.

[0155] In some embodiments, the reflector 1, the substrate 2, the first radiation patch 3, the feed line 4 and the second radiation patch 5 may also adopt other shapes. For example, the shapes of the reflector 1, the substrate 2, the first radiation patch 3, the feed line 4 and the second radiation patch 5 may include but are not limited to one of the shapes of circle, triangle, fan and the like.

[0156] Figure 8b is a top view of the second radiating patch of the antenna unit in Figure 5 . In one exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 8b , the second radiating patch 5 can be rectangular in shape and have a thickness of approximately 0.5 mm to 3 mm, for example, 2 mm. The second radiating patch 5 is suspended above the first radiating patch 3 on a side away from the substrate 2, with a space provided between the second radiating patch 5 and the first radiating patch 3. The orthographic projection of the second radiating patch 5 on the substrate 2 overlaps the orthographic projection of the first radiating patch 3 on the substrate 2.

[0157] The antenna of the embodiment of the present disclosure can generate different resonant frequencies through the first radiation patch 3 and the second radiation patch 5, thereby achieving the purpose of widening the bandwidth, so that the antenna can achieve broadband.

[0158] In an exemplary embodiment, a support column is provided on the substrate 2, and the support column extends along the third direction D3. The first end of the support column is connected to the first surface of the substrate 2, and the second end of the support column is connected to the second radiation patch 5. The support column is used to support the second radiation patch 5 so that the second radiation patch 5 can be suspended.

[0159] In an exemplary embodiment, the vertical distance between the surface of the second radiation patch 5 close to the substrate and the first surface of the substrate 2 is 6.5 mm.

[0160] In an exemplary embodiment, the support column and the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch 3 on the substrate do not overlap.

[0161] In an exemplary embodiment, the shape of the second radiation patch 5 can be rectangular, and the second radiation patch 5 includes four corners. The four corner areas of the second radiation patch 5 are each provided with a second isolation structure 72. The shape of the second isolation structure 72 is a "U"-shaped groove structure. The second isolation structure 72 is a groove body formed by the corners of the second radiation patch 5 being recessed toward the inner side of the second radiation patch 5.

[0162] The antenna of the embodiment of the present disclosure can change the current path of the second radiation patch through the second isolation structure on the second radiation patch, extend the effective length of the current path, reduce the resonant frequency, and thereby increase the electrical length of the antenna, expand the bandwidth of the antenna, and reduce the standing wave ratio of the antenna.

[0163] In an exemplary embodiment, the ratio between the first length L4 of the second isolation structure 72 and the second length L5 of the second isolation structure 72 is 0.5 to 2. For example, the first length L4 is 6 mm and the second length L5 is 5 mm. The first length L4 is a characteristic distance in the fourth direction D4, and the second length L5 is a characteristic distance in the fifth direction D5. Both the fourth direction D4 and the fifth direction D5 are parallel to the substrate, and the fourth direction D4 intersects the fifth direction D5. For example, the fourth direction D4 is perpendicular to the fifth direction D5.

[0164] FIG9 f shows the simulation results of the antenna unit shown in FIG5 , taking as an example a substrate with a size of 68.75 mm x 56.25 mm, a first radiation patch with a size of 24.7 mm x 24.7 mm, a first feed line and a second feed line with a size of 7 mm x 0.82 mm, a second radiation patch with a size of 45 mm x 45 mm, a distance between the second radiation patch and the first surface of the substrate of 6.5 mm, a separation wall with a size of 14.375 mm x 7.5 mm, a first isolation structure on the first radiation patch with a size of 2 mm x 0.5 mm, a second isolation structure on the second radiation patch with a size of 6 mm x 5 mm, and an error of ±0.2-±0.5 mm for each of the above dimensions. Specific explanations are as follows:

[0165] Figure 9a is a graph showing the standing wave ratio (VSWR) at the ports corresponding to the first and second feeder lines of the antenna unit in Figure 5. The horizontal axis of Figure 9a represents the frequency band, and the vertical axis represents the standing wave ratio (VSWR) at the ports corresponding to the first and second feeder lines. As shown in Figure 9a, in the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the VSWR at the ports corresponding to the first and second feeder lines of the antenna unit is ≤ 1.42.

[0166] Figure 9b is a graph showing the isolation between the ports corresponding to the first and second feeder lines of the antenna unit in Figure 5. The horizontal axis of Figure 9b represents the frequency band, and the vertical axis represents the isolation between the ports corresponding to the first and second feeder lines. As shown in Figure 9b, in the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the isolation S12 between the ports corresponding to the first and second feeder lines of the antenna unit is ≤ -26.03 dB.

[0167] Figure 9c is a graph of the vertical gain and beamwidth of the antenna unit in Figure 5 for single-port excitation. The vertical plane is the XOZ plane in the radiation coordinate system of Figure 5. The abscissa of Figure 9c represents the theta value, where theta is the angle with respect to the Z axis in the radiation coordinate system of Figure 5. The ordinate of Figure 9c represents the realized total gain of the antenna unit. As shown in Figure 9c, in the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the realized total gain of the antenna unit is ≥7.7 dBi, and the vertical beamwidth of the antenna unit is ≥68°.

[0168] Figure 9d is a graph of the horizontal gain and beamwidth for the antenna unit in Figure 5 with single-port excitation. The horizontal plane is the XOY plane in the radiation coordinate system of Figure 5. The abscissa of Figure 9d represents the phi value, where phi is the angle with the X-axis in the radiation coordinate system of Figure 5. The ordinate of Figure 9d represents the realized total gain of the antenna unit. As shown in Figure 9d, in the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the realized total gain of the antenna unit is ≥7.7 dBi, and the horizontal beamwidth is ≥72°.

[0169] Figure 9e plots the cross-polarization ratio for single-port excitation of the antenna element in Figure 5. The cross-polarization ratio is the difference between the main polarization and the cross-polarization. The abscissa of Figure 9d represents the phi value, and the ordinate represents the cross-polarization ratio. As shown in Figure 9e, in the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the antenna element's axial cross-polarization ratio is ≥24.01 dB, and its ±60° cross-polarization ratio is ≥14.36 dB.

[0170] Figure 9f plots the front-to-back ratio for single-port excitation of the antenna element in Figure 5. The horizontal axis of Figure 9f represents the phi value, and the vertical axis represents the main polarization or cross-polarization of the antenna element. The front-to-back ratio is the worst value of the main polarization and cross-polarization within a range of 180° ± 30°, with the direction opposite to the antenna element normal being 180°. As shown in Figure 9f, the front-to-back ratio of the antenna element is ≥ 22.1 dB in the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band.

[0171] It can be seen from the above simulation results that the antenna unit of the embodiment of the present disclosure can improve the standing wave characteristics of the antenna unit and the isolation between the feed lines through the first isolation structure and the second isolation structure. The isolation wall can increase the ±60° cross-polarization ratio and front-to-back ratio of the antenna unit, and reduce the mutual coupling between adjacent antenna unit groups.

[0172] In some embodiments, the thickness of the second radiating patch can be reduced, and the area of ​​the second radiating patch's orthographic projection on the substrate can be increased. This can reduce the weight of the second radiating patch while ensuring impedance matching of the antenna unit, thereby reducing the weight of the antenna unit. For example, the dimensions of the second radiating patch can be adjusted from 45mm x 45mm x 2mm to 46.5mm x 46.5mm x 0.5mm, and the orthographic projection of the feed line on the substrate can be located within the orthographic projection of the second radiating patch on the substrate, thereby reducing the weight of the second radiating patch.

[0173] FIG10a is a schematic diagram of the structure of another antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. The antenna unit according to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is substantially the same as the antenna unit shown in FIG5 , except that, as shown in FIG10a , at least one protrusion 51 is provided on the second radiating patch 5 of the antenna unit according to this embodiment. The protrusion 51 is bent in a direction close to the substrate 2 and is arranged at an angle relative to the second radiating patch 5. A second isolation structure 72 is provided on the protrusion 51. The second isolation structure 72 is in the form of a U-shaped groove structure. The second isolation structure 72 bends along the direction close to the substrate 2 following the protrusion 51 and is arranged at an angle relative to the second radiating patch 5.

[0174] Figure 10b is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second radiating patch of the antenna unit in Figure 10a. In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 13a and 13b, the second radiating patch 5 is octagonal in shape and includes four first sides and four second sides. The first sides and the second sides overlap along the circumference of the second radiating patch, and one second side is provided between adjacent first sides. Raised portions 51 are provided on each of the four first sides. The raised portions 51 are pentagonal in shape and include corners located on a side away from the first sides. Second isolation structures 72 are provided in the corner regions of the raised portions 51. The second isolation structures 72 bend along the raised portions 51 toward the substrate 2 and are arranged at an angle relative to the second radiating patch 5.

[0175] Taking the length L3 of the second radiation patch 5 in the second direction D2 as 35 mm as an example, the antenna unit is simulated and tested. In the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the standing wave ratio VSWR of the antenna unit is ≤1.45, the isolation S12 between the corresponding ports of the first feed line and the second feed line is ≤-27.10 dB, the actual total gain of the antenna unit is ≥7.11 dBi, the vertical surface wave width of the antenna unit is ≥73°, the horizontal surface wave width of the antenna unit is ≥78°, the axial cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit is ≥21.81 dB, the ±60° cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit is ≥19.18 dB, and the front-to-back ratio of the antenna unit is ≥22.28 dB.

[0176] In some embodiments, the second radiation patch may also be other polygons, for example, a pentagon, a hexagon, a heptagon, a decagon, etc.

[0177] Figure 11a is a schematic diagram of the structure of another antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. The antenna unit according to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is substantially the same as the antenna unit shown in Figure 5 , except that, as shown in Figure 14a , at least one raised portion 51 is provided on the second radiating patch 5 of the antenna unit according to this embodiment. The raised portion 51 is inclined in a direction close to the substrate 2 and is disposed obliquely with respect to the second radiating patch 5. A second isolation structure 72 is provided on the raised portion 51. The second isolation structure 72 is in the form of a rectangular through-hole structure.

[0178] Figure 11b is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second radiating patch of the antenna unit in Figure 11a. In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 14a and 14b, the second radiating patch 5 is octagonal in shape and includes four first sides and four second sides. The first sides and second sides overlap along the circumference of the second radiating patch, with one second side disposed between adjacent first sides. The raised portions 51 are disposed on each of the four first sides and are pentagonal in shape. The second isolation structure 72 includes a first end, a middle portion, and a second end connected in sequence. The first end of the second isolation structure 72 is disposed on the raised portion 51 and is tilted along the direction closer to the substrate 2, following the raised portion 51. The middle portion and the second end of the second isolation structure 72 are disposed on the second radiating patch 5.

[0179] Taking the length L3 of the second radiation patch 5 in the second direction D2 as 35 mm as an example, the antenna unit was simulated and tested. In the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the standing wave ratio VSWR of the antenna unit is ≤1.39, the isolation S12 between the corresponding ports of the first feed line and the second feed line is ≤-28.5 dB, the actual total gain of the antenna unit is ≥7.26 dBi, the vertical surface wave width of the antenna unit is ≥72°, the horizontal surface wave width of the antenna unit is ≥77°, the axial cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit is ≥23.21 dB, the ±60° cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit is ≥17.05 dB, and the front-to-back ratio of the antenna unit is ≥21.73 dB.

[0180] The present disclosure also provides a method for manufacturing an antenna unit, including:

[0181] forming a first radiation patch and a feed line on a substrate, wherein the feed line is connected to the first radiation patch;

[0182] A second radiation patch is formed on the side of the first radiation patch away from the substrate. The second radiation patch is suspended on the first radiation patch. The second radiation patch overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch on the substrate. The second radiation patch is provided with at least one second isolation structure.

[0183] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna array according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 12 illustrates that the antenna array includes three antenna elements. In some embodiments, the antenna array may include other numbers of antenna elements, such as one, two, or four.

[0184] In one exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG12 , the antenna array of the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure includes a first antenna element 11, a second antenna element 12, a third antenna element 13, and a power divider circuit 20. The first antenna element 11, the second antenna element 12, and the third antenna element 13 are arranged sequentially along a second direction D2 to form an antenna element row. The power divider circuit 20 includes a first one-to-three power divider circuit 201 and a second one-to-three power divider circuit 202. The first one-to-three power divider circuit 201 and the second one-to-three power divider circuit 202 are located on opposite sides of the antenna element row. The first one-to-three power divider circuit 201 is electrically connected to the first feeder lines of the first antenna element 11, the second antenna element 12, and the third antenna element 13, respectively. The second one-to-three power divider circuit 201 is electrically connected to the second feeder lines of the first antenna element 11, the second antenna element 12, and the third antenna element 13, respectively. The power divider circuit 20 is configured to provide a signal of approximately equal power to each antenna element in the antenna element row. The power divider circuit 20 and the first antenna unit 11 , the second antenna unit 12 , and the third antenna unit 13 form a 1 to 3 antenna array.

[0185] Figure 13a is a schematic diagram of the structure of a one-to-three equal power splitting circuit for an antenna array according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. In one exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 13a, the one-to-three equal power splitting circuit is a two-stage power splitting circuit. The one-to-three equal power splitting circuit includes a main line 81, a first connecting line 91, a second connecting line 92, a third connecting line 93, a fourth connecting line 94, a fifth connecting line 95, a first branch line 82, a second branch line 83, and a third branch line 84.

[0186] In an exemplary embodiment, the main structure of the main line 81 extends along the first direction D1, the first end of the main line 81 is connected to the first end of the first connecting line 91 and the first end of the second connecting line 92, and the second end of the main line 81 extends along the first direction D1.

[0187] In an exemplary embodiment, the first connecting line 91 extends along the second direction D2, the first end of the first connecting line 91 is connected to the first end of the main line 81, and the second end of the first connecting line 91 extends along the second direction D2 and is connected to the first end of the third connecting line 93.

[0188] In an exemplary embodiment, the third connection line 93 is L-shaped, a first end of the third connection line 93 is connected to the second end of the first connection line 91 , and a second end of the third connection line 93 is connected to the first end of the first branch line 82 .

[0189] In an exemplary embodiment, the first branch line 82 extends along the first direction D1, the first end of the first branch line 82 is connected to the second end of the third connecting line 93, and the second end of the first branch line 82 extends in the opposite direction of the first direction D1 and is connected to the first feeder line of the third antenna unit 13.

[0190] In an exemplary embodiment, the second connection line 92 is L-shaped, the first end of the second connection line 92 is connected to the first end of the main line 81, and the second end of the second connection line 92 is respectively connected to the first end of the fourth connection line 94 and the first end of the fifth connection line 95.

[0191] In an exemplary embodiment, the fourth connecting line 94 extends along the second direction D2, the first end of the fourth connecting line 94 is connected to the second end of the second connecting line 92, and the second end of the fourth connecting line 94 extends along the second direction D2 and is connected to the first end of the second branch line 83.

[0192] In an exemplary embodiment, the second branch line 83 extends along the first direction D1, the first end of the second branch line 83 is connected to the second end of the fourth connecting line 94, and the second end of the second branch line 83 extends in the opposite direction of the first direction D1 and is connected to the first feeder line of the second antenna unit 12.

[0193] In an exemplary embodiment, the fifth connecting line 95 extends along the second direction D2, the first end of the fifth connecting line 95 is connected to the second end of the second connecting line 92, and the second end of the fifth connecting line 95 extends in the opposite direction along the second direction D2 and is connected to the first end of the third branch line 84.

[0194] In an exemplary embodiment, the third branch line 84 extends along the first direction D1, the first end of the third branch line 84 is connected to the second end of the fifth connecting line 95, and the second end of the third branch line 84 extends in the opposite direction of the first direction D1 and is connected to the first feeder line of the first antenna unit 11.

[0195] In an exemplary embodiment, the first connecting line 91 includes a first connecting section i, a second connecting section j and a third connecting section k connected in sequence; the first end of the first connecting section i is connected to the main line 81, the second end of the first connecting section i is connected to the first end of the second connecting section j, and the second end of the second connecting section j is connected to the third connecting section k.

[0196] In an exemplary embodiment, the second connecting line 92 includes a fourth connecting segment b, a fifth connecting segment c and a sixth connecting segment d connected in sequence, the first end of the fourth connecting segment b is connected to the main line 81, the second end of the fourth connecting segment b is connected to the first end of the fifth connecting segment c, and the second end of the fifth connecting segment c is connected to the sixth connecting segment d.

[0197] In an exemplary embodiment, the power of the first connecting line 91 is P1, the power of the second connecting line 92 is P2, P1:P2=1:2, and the impedance of the main line 81 is Z a , the impedance of the first connection segment i is Z i , the impedance of the second connection segment j is Z j , the impedance of the fourth connection segment b is Z b , the impedance of the fifth connection segment c is Z c ,in, where k 2 =0.5.

[0198] In an exemplary embodiment, the fourth connecting line 94 includes a seventh connecting segment g and an eighth connecting segment h connected in sequence, the first end of the seventh connecting segment g is connected to the second end of the second connecting line 92, the second end of the seventh connecting segment g is connected to the first end of the eighth connecting segment h, and the second end of the eighth connecting segment h is connected to the second branch line 83.

[0199] In an exemplary embodiment, the fifth connecting line 95 includes a ninth connecting segment e and a tenth connecting segment f connected in sequence, the first end of the ninth connecting segment e is connected to the second end of the second connecting line 92, the second end of the ninth connecting segment e is connected to the first end of the tenth connecting segment f, and the second end of the tenth connecting segment f is connected to the first branch line 81.

[0200] In an exemplary embodiment, the impedance of the ninth connecting segment e is Z e , the impedance of the tenth connection segment f is Z f ,

[0201] In an exemplary embodiment, the impedance of the seventh connecting segment g is Z g , the impedance of the eighth connection segment h is Z h ,

[0202] In an exemplary embodiment, the impedance Z of the main line 81 is a is 50Ω, the impedance Z of the first connection segment i i is 103Ω, the impedance Z of the second connection segment j j is 59.5Ω, and the impedance Z of the third connection segment k is k is 50Ω, the impedance of the fourth connection segment b is Z b The impedance Z of the fifth connection segment c is 51.6Ω. c The impedance Z of the sixth connection segment d is 42.1Ω. d is 50Ω, and the impedance of the seventh connection segment g is Z g The impedance Z of the eighth connection segment h is 70.7Ω. h The impedance Z of the ninth connection segment e is 70.7Ω. e The impedance Z of the tenth connection segment f is 70.7Ω. f is 50Ω.

[0203] In an exemplary embodiment, the lengths of the fourth connecting segment b, the fifth connecting segment c, the ninth connecting segment e, the seventh connecting segment g, the first connecting segment i, and the second connecting segment j are ˜λ / 4.

[0204] The antenna array shown in Figure 12 was simulated and tested. When the thickness of the one-to-three power splitting circuit was 1.2μm, the standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the antenna array was <1.07, and the insertion loss was 0.36-0.84dB. When the thickness of the one-to-three power splitting circuit was 12μm, the insertion loss of the antenna array was 0.19-0.47dB.

[0205] Figure 13b is a second schematic diagram of the structure of a one-to-three equal power splitting circuit for an antenna array according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. In one exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 13b , the one-to-three equal power splitting circuit is a first-stage power splitting circuit. The one-to-three equal power splitting circuit includes a main line 81, a first connecting line 91, a second connecting line 92, a third connecting line 93, a fourth connecting line 94, a first branch line 82, a second branch line 83, and a third branch line 84.

[0206] In an exemplary embodiment, the main structure of the main line 81 extends along the first direction D1, the first end of the main line 81 is connected to the first end of the first connection line 91, the second connection line 92 and the third connection line 93, and the second end of the main line 81 extends along the first direction D1.

[0207] In an exemplary embodiment, the first connecting line 91 extends along the second direction D2, the first end of the first connecting line 91 is connected to the first end of the main line 81, and the second end of the first connecting line 91 extends along the second direction D2 and is connected to the first end of the first branch line 82.

[0208] In an exemplary embodiment, the first branch line 82 extends along the first direction D1, the first end of the first branch line 82 is connected to the second end of the first connecting line 91, and the second end of the first branch line 82 extends in the opposite direction of the first direction D1 and is connected to the first feeder line of the third antenna unit 13.

[0209] In an exemplary embodiment, the second connecting line 92 extends along the second direction D2, the first end of the second connecting line 92 is connected to the first end of the main line 81, and the second end of the second connecting line 92 extends in the opposite direction along the second direction D2 and is connected to the first end of the third branch line 84.

[0210] In an exemplary embodiment, the third branch line 84 extends along the first direction D1, the first end of the third branch line 84 is connected to the second end of the second connecting line 92, and the second end of the third branch line 84 extends in the opposite direction of the first direction D1 and is connected to the first feeder line of the first antenna unit 11.

[0211] In an exemplary embodiment, the third connection line 93 is L-shaped, a first end of the third connection line 93 is connected to a first end of the main line 81 , and a second end of the third connection line 93 is connected to a first end of the fourth connection line 94 .

[0212] In an exemplary embodiment, the fourth connecting line 94 is L-shaped, a first end of the fourth connecting line 94 is connected to the second end of the third connecting line 93 , and a second end of the fourth connecting line 94 is connected to the first end of the second branch line 83 .

[0213] In an exemplary embodiment, the second branch line 83 extends along the first direction D1, the first end of the second branch line 83 is connected to the second end of the fourth connecting line 94, and the second end of the second branch line 83 extends in the opposite direction of the first direction D1 and is connected to the first feeder line of the second antenna unit 12.

[0214] In an exemplary embodiment, the first connecting line 91 includes a first connecting segment i, a second connecting segment j, and a third connecting segment k connected in sequence; the first end of the first connecting segment i is connected to the main line 81, the second end of the first connecting segment i is connected to the first end of the second connecting segment j, and the second end of the second connecting segment j is connected to the third connecting segment k. The first end of the fourth connecting segment b is connected to the main line 81, the second end of the fourth connecting segment b is connected to the first end of the fifth connecting segment c, and the second end of the fifth connecting segment c is connected to the sixth connecting segment d. The impedance of the main line 81 is Z a , the impedance of the fourth connection segment b is Z b , the impedance of the fifth connection segment c is Z c , the impedance of the sixth connecting segment d is Z d ,in, For example, the impedance Z of the main line 81 is a is 50Ω, the impedance of the fourth connection segment b is Z b is 103Ω, the impedance Z of the fifth connection segment c is c is 59.5Ω, the impedance Z of the sixth connection segment d is d is 50Ω.

[0215] In an exemplary embodiment, a connection hole 61 is provided in the isolation wall 6. The connection hole 61 allows the power splitter circuit to pass through and connect to the feeder. For example, the main line 81 of the one-to-three equal power splitting circuit is the input feeder, which passes through the connection hole 61 and connects to the feeder.

[0216] In an exemplary embodiment, the length of the connecting hole 61 in the second direction D2 may be 5 mm or 10 mm.

[0217] Figures 14a to 14f show simulation results of the 1to3 antenna array shown in Figure 12. Assume that the size of the substrate is 68.75mm x 56.25mm, the size of the first radiation patch is 25mm x 25mm, the size of the first feed line and the second feed line are both 7mm x 0.82mm, the size of the second radiation patch is 45mm x 45mm, the distance between the second radiation patch and the first surface of the substrate is 6.5mm, the size of the isolation wall is 16.857mm x 7.5mm, the length of the connection hole 61 in the second direction D2 is 5mm, the size of the first isolation structure on the first radiation patch is 2mm x 0.5mm, the size of the second isolation structure on the second radiation patch is 6mm x 5mm, and the error of the above dimensions is ±0.2-±0.5mm. Specific explanations are as follows:

[0218] Figure 14a is a graph showing the VSWR at the input ports of the 1to3 antenna array shown in Figure 12. The horizontal axis of Figure 14a represents the frequency band, and the vertical axis represents the VSWR at the input ports. As shown in Figure 14a, in the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the VSWR at the input ports of the 1to3 antenna array is ≤ 1.48.

[0219] Figure 14b is a graph showing the isolation between the input ports on both sides of the 1to3 antenna array shown in Figure 12. The abscissa of Figure 14b represents the frequency band, and the ordinate represents the isolation between the input ports on both sides. As shown in Figure 14b, in the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the isolation S12 between the input ports on both sides of the 1to3 antenna array is ≤ -25.77 dB.

[0220] Figure 14c is a graph of the vertical gain and beamwidth of the 1to3 antenna array shown in Figure 12 for single-port excitation. The vertical plane is the XOZ plane in the radiation coordinate system of Figure 14. The abscissa of Figure 14c represents the theta value, where theta is the angle with respect to the Z axis in the radiation coordinate system of Figure 14. The ordinate of Figure 14c represents the realized total gain of the 1to3 antenna array. As shown in Figure 14c, in the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the realized total gain of the 1to3 antenna array is ≥10.45 dBi, and the vertical beamwidth of the 1to3 antenna array is ≥26°.

[0221] Figure 14d is a graph of the horizontal gain and beamwidth for the 1-to-3 antenna array shown in Figure 12 with single-port excitation. The horizontal plane is the XOY plane in the radiation coordinate system of Figure 14. The abscissa of Figure 14d is the phi value, where phi is the angle with the X-axis in the radiation coordinate system of Figure 14. The ordinate of Figure 14d is the realized total gain of the 1-to-3 antenna array. As shown in Figure 14d, in the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the realized total gain of the 1-to-3 antenna array is ≥10.45 dBi, and the horizontal beamwidth is ≥73°.

[0222] Figure 14e plots the cross-polarization ratio for the single-port excitation of the 1to3 antenna array shown in Figure 12. The cross-polarization ratio is the difference between the main polarization and the cross-polarization. The abscissa of Figure 14d is the phi value, and the ordinate is the cross-polarization ratio. As shown in Figure 14e, in the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the axial cross-polarization ratio of the 1to3 antenna array is ≥23.66 dB, and the ±60° cross-polarization ratio is ≥14.71 dB.

[0223] Figure 14f is a graph of the front-to-back ratio for single-port excitation of the 1to3 antenna array shown in Figure 12. The horizontal axis of Figure 14f represents the phi value, and the vertical axis represents the main polarization or cross-polarization of the 1to3 antenna array. The front-to-back ratio is the worst value of the main polarization and cross-polarization within a range of 180° ± 30°, with the direction opposite to the normal direction of the 1to3 antenna array as 180°. As shown in Figure 14f, in the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the front-to-back ratio of the 1to3 antenna array is ≥ 19.1 dB.

[0224] An embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, comprising any of the above-mentioned antenna units. The embodiment of the present application does not impose any particular limitation on the specific form of the above-mentioned electronic device.

[0225] In an exemplary embodiment, the electronic device may include, but is not limited to, radars, mobile phones, tablet computers, televisions, laptop computers, navigation devices, and other products.

[0226] The drawings in this disclosure only relate to the structures involved in this disclosure, and other structures may refer to general designs. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of this disclosure, that is, the features in the embodiments, may be combined with each other to obtain new embodiments.

[0227] It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions of the present disclosure may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present disclosure, and all should be included in the scope of the claims of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. An antenna unit, comprising: A substrate, comprising a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other along a thickness direction thereof; A first radiation patch, disposed on a first surface of the substrate; A feed line, disposed on the first surface of the substrate, the feed line being connected to the first radiation patch; A second radiation patch is suspended and arranged on a side of the first radiation patch away from the substrate, and the second radiation patch overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch on the substrate; At least one of the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch is provided with an isolation structure.

2. The antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein: At least one second isolation structure is disposed on the second radiation patch, and the second isolation structure is a slot-shaped structure or a through-hole structure.

3. The antenna unit according to claim 2, wherein: The shape of the groove-like structure includes a U-shape.

4. The antenna unit according to claim 2, wherein: The shape of the through hole structure includes a rectangle.

5. The antenna unit according to claim 2, wherein: Part or all of the second isolation structure is bent along a direction approaching the substrate.

6. The antenna unit according to claim 2, wherein: The second radiation patch includes at least one corner, and the second isolation structure is disposed in the at least one corner region of the second radiation patch.

7. The antenna unit according to claim 6, wherein: The second radiation patch is in a rectangular shape, and the second isolation structures are respectively arranged at four corner regions of the second radiation patch.

8. The antenna unit according to claim 2, wherein: At least one protrusion is disposed on the second radiation patch, and part or all of the second isolation structure is disposed on the protrusion.

9. The antenna unit according to claim 8, wherein: The protrusion is bent along a direction close to the substrate and is arranged obliquely with respect to the second radiation patch.

10. The antenna unit according to claim 9, wherein: The second radiation patch is in a polygonal shape and includes a first side portion and a second side portion located between adjacent first side portions, and the protrusion is arranged on the first side portion.

11. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 2 to 10, wherein: The ratio of the first length of the second isolation structure to the second length of the second isolation structure is 0.5 to 2, the first length is a distance characteristic in the fourth direction, the second length is a distance characteristic in the fifth direction, the fourth direction and the fifth direction are both parallel to the substrate, and the fourth direction intersects the fifth direction.

12. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein: The orthographic projection of the first radiating patch on the substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the second radiating patch on the substrate.

13. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein: The feed line is connected to the first radiation patch as a whole.

14. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein: The orthographic projection of the feed line on the substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the second radiation patch on the substrate.

15. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein: The feed line includes a first feed line and a second feed line, and the first feed line and the second feed line are located on the same side of the first radiation patch.

16. The antenna unit according to claim 15, wherein: At least one first isolation structure is disposed on the first radiation patch. The first isolation structure, the first feed line and the second feed line are located on the same side of the first radiation patch, and the first isolation structure is located between the first feed line and the second feed line.

17. The antenna unit according to claim 16, wherein: The first isolation structure includes a groove-shaped structure.

18. The antenna unit according to claim 17, wherein: The ratio of the third length of the first isolation structure to the fourth length of the first isolation structure is 1 to 4, the third length is a distance characteristic in the second direction, the fourth length is a distance characteristic in the first direction, the first direction and the second direction are both parallel to the substrate, and the first direction intersects with the second direction.

19. The antenna unit according to claim 17, wherein: The distance from the central axis of the first isolation structure to the edge of the first feeder line is L1, and the distance from the central axis of the first isolation structure to the edge of the second feeder line is L2, and the ratio of L2 to L1 is 3 to 4.

20. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein: The shape of the first radiation patch includes a rectangle, and at least one corner of the first radiation patch is rounded.

21. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein: At least one isolation wall is arranged on the edge of the base, and the isolation wall protrudes from the first surface of the base.

22. The antenna unit according to claim 21, wherein: The substrate includes a first side and a second side that are arranged opposite to each other, and the isolation walls are respectively arranged at both ends of the first side and at both ends of the second side; or, the isolation walls are respectively arranged in the middle of the first side and in the middle of the second side.

23. The antenna unit according to claim 21, wherein: The isolation wall is provided with a connection hole.

24. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising a reflection plate, wherein the reflection plate is arranged on the second surface of the substrate, the reflection plate is made of a conductive material, and the reflection plate is grounded.

25. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein: The substrate is a glass substrate.

26. An antenna array, comprising a plurality of antenna units as described in any one of claims 1 to 25 and a power divider circuit, the power divider circuit comprising a one-to-many equal power dividing circuit, the one-to-many equal power dividing circuit comprising a main line and a plurality of branch lines, the first ends of the plurality of branch lines are electrically connected to the main line, the second ends of the plurality of branch lines are connected one-to-one with the feed lines of a plurality of antenna units, and the power divider circuit is configured to provide signals of approximately equal power to the plurality of antenna units.

27. The antenna array according to claim 26 comprises three antenna units, the power divider circuit comprises a one-to-three equal power dividing circuit, the one-to-three equal power dividing circuit comprises a main line and three branch lines, the first ends of the three branch lines are all connected to the main line, and the second ends of the three branch lines are connected one-to-one with the feed lines of the three antenna units.

28. An electronic device comprising the antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 25.

29. A method for preparing an antenna unit, comprising: forming a first radiation patch and a feed line on a substrate, wherein the feed line is connected to the first radiation patch; A second radiation patch is formed on a side of the first radiation patch away from the substrate. The second radiation patch is suspended on the first radiation patch. The second radiation patch overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch on the substrate. At least one of the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch is provided with an isolation structure.

Images