Method for high-speed 3D printing of objects with a structured build surface using a liquid photopolymer and device for implementing same

Abstract

Claimed is a method for the high-speed printing of an object (8) using a liquid photopolymer (3) cured by actinic radiation (5), which includes lending a build surface (19) of an object (8) a stepped shape by means of a window (4) toward which said build surface is oriented and which has steps (14) on the surface thereof, wherein the object (8) is moved during the build process in such a way that a vector (15) for the movement of the object (8) is oriented parallel to a surface (13) of said steps (14), and exposure to actinic radiation (5) is carried out only on exposed portions (20) of the steps (14) of the surface of the window, said portions being parallel to the vector (15) of movement of the object (8), whereas transition portions (77) between the steps (14) of the surface of the window (4) are not exposed (i.e. are shielded). A device for the continuous production of objects comprises: a build vessel (2) for holding a liquid photopolymer (3), provided with a window (4) that is transparent to actinic radiation, the surface of said window being oriented toward the photopolymer (3) and having a stepped shape, wherein a surface (13) of the steps (14) of the window (4) is parallel to a vector (15) for the movement of a support surface (12) having a build object (8) attached thereto, and an angle (22) between the surface of a step (14) and a surface of the window (4) that is oriented toward a source (7) of actinic radiation (5) is equal to an angle (18) between the vector (15) for the movement of the support surface (12) and the surface of the window (4) that is oriented toward the source (7) of actinic radiation (5), and has a value of less than 90°.

Description

[0001] METHOD OF HIGH-SPEED THREE-DIMENSIONAL PRINTING OF PRODUCTS FROM LIQUID PHOTOPOLYMER WITH A STRUCTURED CONSTRUCTION SURFACE AND A DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION

[0002] Scope and relevance of the invention.

[0003] The invention relates to the field of manufacturing products from photopolymers using a high-speed three-dimensional printing method, namely, the invention is a method for high-speed three-dimensional printing of products from a liquid photopolymer with a structured construction surface, and a device for implementing it.

[0004] The method and device described and disclosed below are united by a single creative concept in such a way that the method of high-speed production can be implemented using the design of the device, and the device is intended to implement the method of high-speed production of products using three-dimensional printing from liquid photopolymer with a stepped shape of the construction surface.

[0005] The construction of the product in industrial photopolymer 3D printers of the existing level of technology is carried out by layer-by-layer curing of the fluoropolymer. For this purpose, sequences of sections of the product are exposed to actinic radiation on the surface of the photopolymer and the products are moved, fixed on the platform.

[0006] During the construction process, the product is moved with a reciprocating motion and breaks in exposure, or the product is moved continuously in one direction with continuous exposure.

[0007] In methods where the surface of the photopolymer is free, an important factor limiting the production speed is the low operating speed of the device leveling the surface of the liquid photopolymer, and pauses in exposure associated with the operation of such a device and the movement of the construction platform. In methods where the surface of the photopolymer is limited by a window, in order to reduce the adhesion force of the formed part of the product to the window, a flexible or elastomeric window material is used, inhibition of the boundary layer of the photopolymer is used: oxygen inhibition of the boundary layer of the photopolymer, or photonic inhibition of the boundary layer of the photopolymer, or chemical inhibition of the boundary layer of the photopolymer, or the transformation of the wave front of actinic radiation, or multiwave photopolymerization, or additives of surfactants to the photocurable composition are used.

[0008] When implementing the above methods, an important factor limiting the production speed is the low rate of photopolymer flow into the gap between the formed surface of the product and the window surface.

[0009] When the formed surface of the product is torn away from the forming surface (window surface), the window must overcome the force of atmospheric pressure, which is a significant 1 kg / cm2, even if there is liquid photopolymer in the gap between the product and the window; when the product is quickly moved, the mechanical loads on the product can be extremely high.

[0010] On the contrary, the sliding process requires significantly less effort and leads to significantly less load on the product, on the construction window and on the mechanisms of the device.

[0011] For mass production of individually designed products, such as: models for the production of transparent dental aligners, dental aligners, orthopedic shoe insoles, shoe soles, eyeglass frames, burn-in casting models, printing photo forms, etc., a continuous additive manufacturing process with maximum productivity and minimal loads on products and equipment is preferable.

[0012] The method and device of the proposed invention solve the problem of ensuring the possibility of continuous additive production, when the movement of the product is ensured by sliding along the forming surface.

[0013] State of the art for a method of high-speed three-dimensional printing of products with a structured surface from a liquid photopolymer.

[0014] A method for forming an article from a liquid photopolymer is known, described in the method of continuous liquid interphase printing (US patent for invention No. US9205601B2, IPC B29C67 / 00; B29C33 / 58; B29C33 / 62; G03F7 / 00, WO 2025 / 005899 PCT / UA2O23 / OOOO32

[0015] 3 publ. 08.12.2015 [1]). In the said method, the article fixed on the movable platform is formed from a liquid layer of photopolymer at the boundary of the inhibited layer during exposure to actinic radiation in the form of a continuous sequence of sections on the surface of the photopolymer, limited by a window permeable to oxygen transparent to actinic radiation, and during unidirectional movement of the platform with the fixed article from the said window. Due to the oxygen-inhibited layer of photopolymer, which remains liquid, adhesion of the article to the window is reduced.

[0016] The disadvantage of this method is its insufficient productivity. This is explained by the following: after constructing a limited number of products fixed on the platform of the device, the printing process is stopped, the platform with the products is removed, and the operations of separating the products from the platform, cleaning the platform, installing the platform, and cleaning the products from photopolymer residues are performed. 5 A technical solution is known, described in the method of manufacturing a whole three-dimensional object from layers of a photoformable composition (US Patent for Invention No. US5122441A, IPC B29C35 / 08; B29C67 / 00; B29K105 / 24; G03C9 / 08, published 16.06.1992 [2]).In the said method, the article fixed on the movable platform is formed from liquid photopolymer by exposure to actinic radiation on the surface of the photopolymer limited by a window permeable to oxygen transparent to actinic radiation, after exposure the said window makes a sliding movement, the article fixed on the platform is moved by the thickness of the layer and the cycle is repeated. Due to the oxygen-inhibited layer of photopolymer, which remains liquid,5 the degree of adhesion of the article to the window is reduced.

[0017] The disadvantage of this method is its insufficient productivity. This is explained by the following: after building a limited number of products fixed on the device platform, the printing process is stopped, the platform with the products is removed, and the operations of separating the products from the platform, cleaning the platform, installing the platform, and cleaning the products from photopolymer residues are performed.

[0018] A method for forming an article from a liquid photopolymer is known, described in hardware configurations of multi-wave stereolithography (US patent for invention No. US10935891B2, IPC B29C64 / 129; B29C64 / 268; 5 B29C64 / 282; B29C64 / 393; G03F7 / 00; G03F7 / 20; B33Y1O / OO; B33Y30 / 00; B33Y50 / 02, published 02.03.2021 [3]). In the said method, the article, fixed on a platform movable inside a container with a photopolymer, is formed from a liquid layer of photopolymer at the boundary of the inhibited layer during exposure to actinic radiation of the first source in the form of a continuous sequence of sections on the surface of the photopolymer, wherein the inhibition of the boundary layer is ensured by the action of radiation of a second source of actinic radiation, having a wavelength different from the wavelength of the first source, activating the photoinhibitor included in the composition of the said polymer, during the construction process the platform on which the article is fixed moves in the direction from the window.Thanks to the oxygen-inhibited photopolymer layer, which remains liquid, the adhesion of the product to the window is reduced.

[0019] The disadvantage of this method is its insufficient productivity. This is explained by the following: after building a limited number of products fixed on the device platform, the printing process is stopped, the platform with the products is removed, and the operations of separating the products from the platform, cleaning the platform, installing the platform, and cleaning the products from photopolymer residues are performed.

[0020] The invention "Solid Visualization System Using Photocuring Inhibition" describes a method for overcoming the adhesion of a product to a dividing surface (transparent window) when constructing free-form products (US Patent for Invention No. US5236326A, IPC B29C67 / 00; B29C35 / 08, published 17.08.1993 [4]). The section is exposed by a laser scanning device with one wavelength, and the photoinhibitor included in the photopolymer is activated by an actinic radiation source with a different wavelength. The product being formed is secured on a platform that moves away from the window after each layer is formed. Due to the inhibited photopolymer layer, which remains liquid, adhesion of the product to the window is reduced.

[0021] The disadvantage of this method is its low productivity. This is explained by the following: after building a limited number of products fixed on the platform of the device, the printing process is stopped, the platform with the products is removed, and the operations of separating the products from the platform, cleaning the platform, installing the platform, and cleaning the products from photopolymer residues are performed. WO 2025 / 005899 PCT / UA2O23 / OOOO32

[0022] 5

[0023] Also known is a method for producing a film from a photopolymer, described in the same invention "Solid Visualization System Using Photocuring Inhibition" (US Patent for Invention No. US5236326A, IPC B29C67 / 00; B29C35 / 08, published 17.08.1993 [4]). The said patent describes a technological process in which a film is produced by exposing a photopolymer to actinic radiation, causing its polymerization. The exposure is carried out through a window in a container with simultaneous exposure of the same area to radiation having a wavelength different from the wavelength of the first source to activate the photoinhibitor included in the said polymer and create a layer of liquid photopolymer along the interface between the window and the film being formed. The finished, continuously produced film is continuously removed from the formation area.

[0024] The disadvantage of this method is the impossibility of producing three-dimensional free-form products by this continuous method. This is explained by the following: the film in the exposure area is always moved parallel to the window surface, and the method also does not implement the function of spatial modulation of the actinic radiation source, which does not allow for the rapid, high-quality and efficient production of three-dimensional "free-form" products. The concept of "free form" in this context implies products with a complex spatial geometric configuration, asymmetrical, having a large amount of detailing, etc.

[0025] Also known is a method for the continuous production of articles by three-dimensional printing from a liquid photopolymer cured by actinic radiation, described in the patent "Device for forming a solid body and methods for using it5 (Imager Assembly and Method for Solid Imaging, US application for invention No. US20080169586A1, IPC B29C35 / 08; G06K9 / 36, published on 17.07.2008 [5]). This method involves exposing a section of the article being formed to actinic radiation directed at the surface of the liquid photopolymer limited by a window of the construction container transparent to such radiation, which forms the construction plane, curing the liquid photopolymer within the exposed section of the article being formed, moving the article being formed, fixed on a movable support surface, in the direction from the transparent window, changing the projection of the section and cyclically repeating the specified actions. That is,when implementing the specified method, a photopolymer composition is placed on the transparent window of the construction platform5, the source of actinic WO 2025 / 005899 PCT / UA2O23 / OOOO32.

[0026] 6 radiations carry out exposure of sections of the formed product with orthogonal to the plane of construction reciprocating movements of the platform of the lift, on which a section of the continuous tape is fixed by means of vacuum suction, and form a product fixed on the surface of the said tape. Upon completion of the formation of the product, the tape is rewound by one step, and the cycle is repeated for forming the next product, upon reaching the receiving roller, the products are separated from the continuous tape and placed in the receiving container.

[0027] The disadvantages of this method are its insufficient productivity and insufficient efficiency. This is explained by the following: the products are formed alternately with an orthogonal projection of the sections, performing for each formed layer of the product the lifting and lowering of the platform of the elevator with breaks in the exposure for the time of the said movements. Breaks in the exposure significantly reduce the production speed and reduce the productivity as a whole. And during the time of rewinding the continuous tape for transporting the products, the construction process is completely stopped. Stopping the construction completely also significantly reduces the production speed and significantly reduces the productivity as a whole. Thus, the said device does not allow increasing the production speed of products, does not allow achieving an improvement in the quality of the manufactured products, and this device also has limited functionality.

[0028] Also known is a method for forming one or more layers of photocured material by irradiating the photoformed composition with actinic radiation, described in the patent application "Solid semipermeable film coating for visualization (European patent application No. EP0484086A1, IPC B29C35 / 08; B29C67 / 00; B29K105 / 24; B29C39 / 42; B29C67 / 00, published 06.05.1992 [6]). In this method, an anti-adhesive material or a material containing a polymerization inhibitor is supplied to the surface through the semipermeable film of the window. The said material prevents the photopolymer from adhering to the semipermeable film of the window; after curing of each layer, the window or article is moved with a sliding motion along the formed surface and the cycle is repeated for the next layer. The disadvantages of this method are: the presence of interruptions in exposure, the cyclical nature of production, which leads to low productivity.Also known is the method described in the patent "Method and device for reducing the force required to separate a hardened object from a substrate" (European patent No. EP2241430B1, IPC B29C67 / 00, published 14.11.2012 [7]). In accordance with this method, various sections of the cross-section of the product are hardened in several stages, during which the platform on which the object (product) is built is in different positions relative to the open surface of the hardening material. Ensuring the presence of non-exposed sections within the cross-section makes it possible to reduce the area of ​​contact of the product with the window and, accordingly, reduce the force required to separate the product from the window surface.The disadvantages of this method are: a decrease in the production speed proportional to the decrease in the volume of simultaneously cured photopolymer, the need to interrupt the exposure more often to move the product, a decrease in the resolution of the method along the axis of movement of the product, and the cyclic nature of the production of products.

[0029] The closest to the claimed method is the process described in the application for invention “Method for continuous production of products by three-dimensional printing from liquid photopolymer with a carrier in the form of a continuous tape and a full post-processing cycle, and a device for implementing it”, filed by the Author (Oleg Khalip) of the claimed invention (PCT application No. PCT / UA2022 / 000067 dated 11 / 17 / 2022, IPC B33Y 10 / 00; B33Y 30 / 00; B29C 64 / 00; B29C 64 / 135; B29C 64 / 171; B29C 64 / 20; B29C 64 / 268; B29C 64 / 379; B29C35 / 08; B29C67 / 00 [8]). This technical solution describes a method for high-speed three-dimensional printing (continuous flow manufacturing) of products from a liquid photopolymer cured by actinic radiation, which provides for the exposure of a section of the product being formed to actinic radiation directed at the surface of the liquid photopolymer, limited by a window of the build container that is transparent to such radiation, which forms the build surface.Further solidification of the liquid photopolymer within the exposed section of the formed article, movement of the formed article secured on the movable support surface in the direction from the transparent window, change of the section projection and cyclic repetition of the said actions, given that the angle between the article movement vector and the window surface facing the actinic radiation source is less than 90°. Thus, in the said method, the article secured on a continuously rewound tape or conveyor belt is moved at an acute angle to the window in the container for placing the photopolymer, through the said window, by the actinic radiation source with spatial modulation, exposure of the sequence of sections of the formed article to the photopolymer surface limited by the said window is performed, wherein the surface of the article construction is located above the plane of the said window and has a flat shape.

[0030] Some disadvantage of the specified method is that when moving the product, the low speed of photopolymer flow into the gap between the formed surface of the product and the window surface significantly limits the speed of product formation. Also, when tearing the product away from the window surface, it is necessary to overcome the force of atmospheric pressure, which is a significant 1 kg / cm2, or even if there is liquid photopolymer in the gap between the product and the window, when quickly moving the product, the mechanical loads on the product can be extremely high, which can lead to deformation of the product, reduced accuracy and violations of the geometry of the product.Thus, the described method does not allow: to significantly increase the production speed, improve the quality of manufactured products, increase productivity (namely, to reduce the number of deformed products and products with damaged geometry) and expand the functional capabilities of the method of flow production of products using high-speed three-dimensional printing.

[0031] The level of technology in relation to a device for implementing a method for high-speed three-dimensional printing of products with a structured surface of construction from a liquid photopolymer.

[0032] A device is known for producing articles by a method of three-dimensional printing from a liquid photopolymer cured by actinic radiation, described in a method of continuous liquid interfacial printing (US patent for invention No. US9205601B2, IPC B29C67 / 00; B29C33 / 58; B29C33 / 62; G03F7 / 00, published on 08.12.2015 [1]), which comprises: a construction container for placing a photopolymer with a window permeable to oxygen and transparent to actinic radiation, a source of actinic radiation with spatial modulation, intended for exposing sections of the formed article to the surface of the photopolymer, a mechanism for moving the formed article with a movable platform.In the said device, the article fixed on the movable platform is formed from a liquid layer of photopolymer on the boundary of the oxygen-inhibited layer during exposure to actinic radiation in the form of a continuous sequence of sections on the surface of the photopolymer limited by a window permeable to oxygen and transparent to actinic radiation during unidirectional movement of the platform with the fixed article from the said window. The said device ensures a decrease in the degree of adhesion of the article to the window due to the inhibited layer of photopolymer, which remains liquid.

[0033] The disadvantage of the specified device is its insufficient productivity. This is explained by the following: the construction platform provides for the placement of a limited number of products; after the construction of a limited number of products fixed on the device platform, the printing process is stopped, the platform with the products is removed, and the operations of separating the products from the platform, cleaning the platform, installing the platform and cleaning the products from photopolymer residues are performed.

[0034] A device is known, described in "Method for manufacturing a whole three-dimensional object from layers of a photoformatable composition (US Patent for Invention No. US5122441A, IPC B29C35 / 08; B29C67 / 00; B29K105 / 24; (IPC1-7): G03C9 / 08, published 16.06.1992 [2]), containing a construction container for placing a photopolymer, with an oxygen-permeable window, transparent for actinic radiation and equipped with a drive for its lateral movement, a source of actinic radiation with spatial modulation. The specified device provides for a decrease in the adhesion of the product to the transparent window, due to the oxygen-inhibited layer of photopolymer, which remains liquid - this increases the speed of construction.

[0035] The disadvantage of the specified device is its insufficient productivity. This is explained by the following: the construction platform provides for the placement of a limited number of products, after the construction of a limited number of products fixed on the device platform, the printing process is stopped, the platform with the products is removed, and the operations of separating the products from the platform, cleaning the platform, installing the platform, cleaning the products from photopolymer residues are performed.

[0036] A device described in the technical solution “Hardware configurations for multi-wave stereolithography” is known (US patent for invention No. US10935891B2, IPC B29C64 / 129; B29C64 / 268; B29C64 / 282; B29C64 / 393; G03F7 / 00; G03F7 / 20; B33Y10 / 00; B33Y30 / 00; B33Y50 / 02, published 02.03.2021 [3]), which is applicable for the manufacture of products by three-dimensional printing from a liquid photopolymer cured by actinic radiation. Such a device contains: a construction container for placing a photopolymer with a window transparent for actinic radiation, a first source of actinic radiation with spatial modulation intended for exposing sections of the formed article to the surface of the photopolymer, a second unmodulated source of actinic radiation having a wavelength different from the wavelength of the first source, a mechanism for moving the formed article with a movable platform.In the said device, the article fixed on a platform movable inside the container with photopolymer is formed from a liquid layer of photopolymer on the boundary of the inhibited layer during exposure to actinic radiation in the form of a continuous sequence of sections on the surface of the photopolymer, wherein the inhibition of the boundary layer is ensured by the action of radiation of a second source of actinic radiation, having a wavelength different from the wavelength of the first source, activating the photoinhibitor included in the composition of the said polymer. During the construction process, the platform on which the article is fixed moves in the direction from the window. The use of the said device allows to reduce the adhesion of the article to the window, which increases the speed of construction.

[0037] The disadvantage of this device is its insufficient productivity, caused by pauses in operation. This is explained by the following: the construction platform provides for the placement of a limited number of products, after their construction, the printing process is stopped, the platform with the products is removed, and operations are performed to separate the products from the platform.

[0038] The invention "Solid Visualization System Using Photocuring Inhibition" (US Patent for Invention No. US5236326A, IPC B29C67 / 00; B29C35 / 08, published 17.08.1993 [4]) describes a device that ensures overcoming the adhesion of an article to a dividing surface (transparent window) when constructing free-form articles. The section is exposed by a laser scanning device with one wavelength, and the activation of the photoinhibitor included in the photopolymer is carried out by a source of actinic radiation with another wavelength. The article being formed is fixed on a platform that moves in the direction from the window after the formation of each layer.

[0039] The disadvantage of this device is its low productivity, caused by pauses in operation. This is explained by the following: the construction platform provides for the placement of a limited number of products, after their construction, the printing process is stopped, the platform with the products is removed, and operations are performed to separate the products from the platform.

[0040] The same invention, "Solid Visualization System Using Photocuring Inhibition" (US Patent for Invention No. US5236326A, IPC B29C67 / 00; B29C35 / 08, published 17.08.1993 [4]), describes a device for producing a film from a photopolymer. In this device, a photopolymer is exposed to actinic radiation from a first source through a window in a container, causing its polymerization, while the same area is simultaneously exposed to radiation from a second source having a wavelength different from the wavelength of the first source. The radiation of the second source activates a photoinhibitor included in the composition of the said polymer, which ensures the presence of a layer of liquid photopolymer along the interface between the window in the container and the film being formed. The finished, continuously produced film is removed from the formation area, making a sliding movement along the surface of the window in the container with the photopolymer during construction.

[0041] The disadvantage of the said device is the impossibility of continuous production of three-dimensional free-form products. This is explained by the following: the design of the device ensures the production of only a two-dimensional product, the shape of which is specified and limited by the design of the device. The movement of the formed film is carried out exclusively along the surface of the window, and the source of actinic radiation does not implement the function of spatial modulation.

[0042] A device described in the patent application "Device for forming a solid body and methods for using it (Imager Assembly and Method for Solid Imaging, US application No. US20080169586A1, IPC B29C35 / 08; G06K9 / 36, published on 17.07.2008 [5]) is known. The said device is intended for the continuous production of articles by three-dimensional printing from liquid photopolymer, and comprises: a build container for placing liquid photopolymer with a window transparent to actinic radiation, a source of actinic radiation with spatial modulation intended for exposing sections of the article being formed to the surface of the liquid photopolymer, a mechanism for moving the article being formed with an electric drive and a support surface for placing the article being formed. In addition, this device comprises a lift platform, feed and receive rollers for rewinding a continuous tape.In the said device, a photopolymer composition is placed on the window of the construction platform, an actinic radiation source is used to expose sections of the formed product during orthogonal to the construction plane reciprocating movements of the lifting platform, on which a section of the continuous tape is fixed by means of vacuum suction, and a product is formed, fixed on the surface of the said tape. Upon completion of the product formation, the tape is rewound by one step, and the cycle is repeated to form the next product, upon reaching the receiving roller, the products are separated from the continuous tape and placed in the receiving container.

[0043] The disadvantages of this device are insufficient productivity and insufficient efficiency. This is explained by the following: the products are formed alternately with an orthogonal projection of the sections, performing for each formed layer the lifting and lowering of the platform of the elevator with interruptions in exposure for the time of the said movements. And during the rewinding of the continuous tape for transporting the products, the construction process is completely stopped. Thus, this device does not allow increasing the speed of production of products, does not allow achieving an improvement in the quality of the manufactured products, and this device also has limited functionality.

[0044] A device described in the patent application "Solid semipermeable film coating for visualization" (European patent application No. EP0484086A1, IPC B29C35 / 08; B29C67 / 00; B29K105 / 24; B29C39 / 42; B29C67 / 00, published 06.05.1992 [6]) is known. The device comprises a means for irradiating a photoformable composition with actinic radiation through a transmitting means (window) configured to have at least one surface that is partially in contact with said photoformable composition to form an interface with it. The transmitting means comprises a semipermeable film (windows). In the said device, an anti-adhesive material or a material containing a polymerization inhibitor is supplied to the surface through the semipermeable film of the window. The specified material prevents the photopolymer from adhering to the semipermeable film of the window; after each layer has hardened, the window or product is moved with a sliding motion along the formed surface and the cycle is repeated for the next layer.The disadvantages of this device are: inconvenience of operation caused by interruptions in exposure, the cyclic nature of production, the presence of additional mechanisms for longitudinal relative movement of the product and the window, and excessive time costs associated with their operation, which leads to low productivity.

[0045] Also known is a device described in the patent "Method and device for reducing the force required to separate a hardened object from a substrate" (European patent No. EP2241430B1, IPC B29C67 / 00, published on 14.11.2012 [7]). The device is intended for producing a three-dimensional object from a hardening material and comprises: a template generator having an energy projection area; a construction platform configured to move in the direction of the construction axis and located in the energy projection area; a substrate for hardening located between the template generator and the construction platform; and a programmed computer for performing several stages of controlling the operation of the device. This device implements an algorithm in which various sections of the cross-section of the product are hardened in several stages, during which the platform on which the object is built is in different positions relative to the open surface of the hardening material.Ensuring the presence of non-exposed areas within the cross-section allows for a reduction in the area of ​​contact between the product and the window and, accordingly, a reduction in the force required to separate the product from the window surface.

[0046] The disadvantages of this device are a decrease in the production speed proportional to the decrease in the volume of simultaneously cured photopolymer, the need to interrupt the exposure more often to move the product, a decrease in the resolution along the axis of movement of the product, and the cyclic nature of the production of products.

[0047] The closest to the claimed technical solution is the device described in the application for invention “Method for continuous production of products by three-dimensional printing from liquid photopolymer with a carrier in the form of a continuous tape and a full post-processing cycle, and a device for its implementation”, filed by the Author (Oleg Khalip) of the claimed invention (PCT application No. PCT / UA2022 / 000067 dated 11 / 17 / 2022, IPC B33Y 10 / 00; B33Y 30 / 00; B29C 64 / 00; B29C 64 / 135; B29C 64 / 171; B29C 64 / 20; B29C 64 / 268; B29C 64 / 379; B29C35 / 08; B29C67 / 00 [8]). The device is designed for continuous flow production of products using high-speed three-dimensional printing from liquid photopolymer cured by actinic radiation 5.The said device comprises: a construction container for placing a liquid photopolymer with a window transparent for actinic radiation, a source of actinic radiation with spatial modulation intended for exposing sections of the formed article to the surface of the liquid photopolymer limited by the said window 4, a mechanism for moving the formed article with an electric drive and a support surface 12 for placing the formed article 8 located at an acute angle to the surface of the window 4 forming the construction surface.

[0048] The disadvantage of this device is that when moving the product, the low speed of photopolymer flow into the gap between the formed surface of the product and the window surface significantly limits the speed of product formation. Also, when tearing off from the window surface, it is necessary to overcome the force of atmospheric pressure, which is a significant 1 kg / cm2, or even when quickly moving the product in the presence of liquid photopolymer in the gap between the product and the window, the mechanical loads on the product can be prohibitively high, which can lead to deformation of the product, reduced accuracy and violations of the geometry of the product.

[0049] The invention is based on the task of improving the method of high-speed three-dimensional printing of products with a structured surface of construction from liquid photopolymer, in which, by introducing new operations and new conditions for their implementation in combination with known operations and conditions for their implementation, an increase in the production speed is ensured, the quality of manufactured products is improved, productivity is increased and the functional capabilities of this method are expanded.

[0050] The invention is also based on the task of improving a device for high-speed three-dimensional printing of products with a structured surface of construction from a liquid photopolymer, in which, by introducing new elements, new connections between them and their new design in combination with known parts, units and elements of the device, an increase in the production speed is ensured, the quality of manufactured products is improved, the productivity of the entire process is increased and the functional capabilities of the device are expanded.The stated problem is solved in that the method for high-speed three-dimensional printing of articles 8 from liquid photopolymer 3 cured by actinic radiation 5 provides for: exposure of a section of the formed article 8 to actinic radiation 5 directed onto the surface of the liquid photopolymer 3 limited by a window 4 of the construction container 2 that is transparent for such radiation 5, which forms the construction surface 19 of the article 8; curing of the liquid photopolymer 3 within the exposed section of the formed article 8, movement of the formed article 8, secured to the movable support surface 12, in the direction from the transparent window 4, changing the projection of the section and , cyclically; repetition of the said actions, given that the value of the angle 18 between the vector 15 of movement of the article 8 and the surface of the window 4 facing the source 7 of actinic radiation 5 is less than 90°.

[0051] What is new is that, in order to implement the method, a stepped shape of the surface 19 of the formation of the article 8 facing the window 4 is provided, using for this purpose the window 4 containing steps 14 on its surface, and the article 8 is moved during the construction process so that the vector 15 of movement of the article 8 is directed parallel to the surface 13 of the said steps 14. In this case, exposure to actinic radiation 5 is carried out only on the exposed sections 20 of the steps 14 of the surface of the window 4 parallel to the vector 15 of movement of the article 8, and the sections 77 of the transitions between the steps 14 of the surface of the window 4 are not exposed (shaded).

[0052] For individual conditions and cases of implementation and use of the method of high-speed three-dimensional printing of products with a structured surface of construction from liquid photopolymer, the invention is characterized by the following additional new features, which develop and clarify the set of essential features of the independent claim concerning the method.

[0053] The angle 18 between the vector 15 of movement of the article 8 and the surface of the window 4 facing the source 7 of actinic radiation 5 is from less than 90° to 45° or from 45° to 25°, or from 25° to 2.5°, or from 2.5° to 0.1°.

[0054] The length of the non-exposed (shaded) sections 21 extends to the section 77 of the transition between the steps of the surface 14 of the window 4 and to the part of the section 81 of the step of the surface 14 of the window 4 parallel to the vector 15 of movement of the article 8 at a distance from 0.1 to 99% of the length of the said section 81 of the step 14 parallel to the vector 15 of movement of the article 8. From the volume of the photopolymer 3 above the non-exposed (shaded) sections 21, the photopolymer 3 is supplied to the exposure zones of the exposed sections 20.

[0055] The length of the step 14 of the window 4 is from 10 μm to 100 μm or from 100 μm to 1000 μm, or from 1 mm to 10 mm, or more, the height of the step 14 of the window 4 is from less than 25 μm to 250 μm or more.

[0056] The shape of the unexposed (shaded) sections 21 of the surface of window 4 ensures the presence of an additional, unexposed volume of photopolymer composition 3 at the beginning of each step 14 of window 4.

[0057] Window 4 is additionally cooled by supplying and removing liquid or gaseous coolant 30.

[0058] The movable support surface 12 is a continuously rewound tape 38 or a continuously rewound closed tape 38, wherein the process of constructing the formed article 8 begins with the exposure of a limited section 78 of the section of the formed article 8, where the distance from the construction surface 19 to the support surface 12 corresponds to the distance (depth) 79 of the effective penetration of actinic radiation 5 into the liquid photopolymer 3, and the exposure zone is increased by the following steps 14 of the window 4 as the article 8 moves.

[0059] The continuous belt 38 additionally transports the consumable base 43 for constructing the products 8 or the components 44 built into the products 8.

[0060] The method implements a process of unidirectional construction of product 8 with continuous movement of product 8 and continuous exposure of a sequence of sections of the formed product 8.

[0061] The method implements the process of constructing a product 8 with progressive movement and breaks between exposures of sections of the formed product 8.

[0062] To implement the method, at least sections of two products 8 are exposed simultaneously.

[0063] To improve the sliding of article 8 on the material of window 4, a surface-active substance with a high ability to distribute at the phase boundary is used as an additive to photopolymer composition 3.

[0064] To improve the sliding of the product 8 during movement and to reduce the adhesion force of the formed product 8 to the transparent window 4, inhibition of the boundary layer of the photopolymer 3 is used: oxygen inhibition WO 2025 / 005899 PCT / UA2O23 / OOOO32

[0065] 17 boundary layer of photopolymer 3, or photonic inhibition of boundary layer of photopolymer 3, or transformation of wave front of actinic radiation 5, or chemical inhibition of boundary layer of photopolymer 3, or multiwave photopolymerization.

[0066] To increase the efficiency of using the source 7 of actinic radiation 5, the transformation of the wave front of actinic radiation 5 in the form of reflection and refraction is used, in combination with the software transformation of the sections of products 8.

[0067] The elements that provide mechanical coupling of the product 8 with the movable support surface 12 and with each other (support elements) are objects of parametric design, and they are automatically modeled by means of the device’s software.

[0068] Transfer of data on 3D models to the device software, slicing of said 3D models and generation of 3D printing projects are carried out without interrupting the production process.

[0069] Slicing of three-dimensional models is performed at an angle of less than 90° to 0.1° to the vector 15 of movement of the product 8.

[0070] To implement the method, a software transformation of the sections of the products 8 is carried out, selecting the position and length of the unexposed sections 21 so that the said sections 21 include transitions 77 between the steps 14, and / or adding duplicate lines to the projection in accordance with the parameters of the reflective and / or refractive surfaces 63 of the transducer 62 of the wave front of actinic radiation 5.

[0071] The stated problem is also solved in that the device for continuous flow production of articles 8 by the method of high-speed three-dimensional printing from liquid photopolymer 3, cured by actinic radiation 5, comprises: a building container 2 for placing liquid photopolymer 3 with a window 4 transparent for actinic radiation 5, a source 7 of actinic radiation 5 with spatial modulation, intended for exposure of sections of the formed article 8 on the surface of liquid photopolymer 3, limited by the said window 4, a mechanism for moving the formed article 8 with an electric drive 10 and a support surface 12 for placing the formed article 8, located at an acute angle to the surface of the window 4 forming the construction surface. WO 2025 / 005899 PCT / UA2O23 / OOOO32

[0072] 18

[0073] What is new is that the surface of the window 4 facing the photopolymer 3 is made stepped, wherein one surface 13 of the steps 14 of the window 4 is parallel to the vector 15 of movement of the support surface 12, on which the formed article 8 is fixed, and the angle 22 between the said surface of the step 14 and the surface of the window 4 facing the source 7 of actinic radiation 5 is equal to the angle 18 between the vector 15 of movement of the support surface 12 and the surface of the window 4 facing the source 7 of actinic radiation 5, and has a value less than 90°.

[0074] For individual conditions and cases of implementation and use of a device for high-speed three-dimensional printing of products with a structured construction surface from a liquid photopolymer, the invention is characterized by the following additional new features, which develop and clarify the set of essential features of the independent claim concerning the device.

[0075] The angle 18 between the vector 15 of movement of the support surface 12 and the surface of the window 4 facing the source 7 of actinic radiation 5 is from less than 90° to 45° or from 45° to 25°, or from 25° to 2.5°, or from 2.5° to 0.1°.

[0076] The length of the steps 14 on the surface of the window 4 transparent for actinic radiation in the container of the structure 2 for placing the liquid photopolymer 3 is from less than 25 μm to 100 μm or from 100 μm to 1000 μm, or from 1 mm to 10 mm or more, the height of the step 14 is from 10 μm to 100 μm, or from 100 μm to 250 μm or more.

[0077] At the beginning of each step 14, on the surface of the window 4 transparent for actinic radiation 5 in the container of construction 2 for placing the liquid photopolymer 3, a recess 23 is made, the depth of which is from 10 μm to 100 μm, or from 100 μm to 1000 μm, or from 1 mm to 5 mm or more, and the width of which is from less than 25 μm to 500 μm, or from 0.5 mm to 5 mm or more.

[0078] The unexposed section 21 at the beginning of each step 14 on the surface of the window 4 transparent for actinic radiation in the container of the structure 2 for placing the liquid photopolymer 3 contains a mask 24 made of a material opaque for actinic radiation 5, and, in the case of the presence of a recess 23, said mask 24 extends over the entire length of the recess 23 at the beginning of the step 14, excluding the exposure of said unexposed section 21 by actinic radiation 5. The window 4 is a composite layered structure 25.

[0079] Window 4 is made in the form of a monolithic element 28.

[0080] The device contains a system 29 for removing heat from a window 4 with circulation of a liquid or gaseous coolant 30.

[0081] The mechanism 9 for moving the formed product 8 is made in the form of a mechanism 37 for moving a continuous belt 38 and / or the continuous belt 38 is a closed conveyor belt 42, wherein said continuous belt 38 is a support surface 12 for placing the formed product 8.

[0082] The continuous belt 38 is designed with the possibility of transporting an additional consumable base 43 for constructing products 8 or components 44 built into products 8.

[0083] As a support-stabilizer for the continuous belt 38, it contains a supporting magnetic or electromagnetic plate 47, and the continuous belt 38 is made of a material with ferromagnetic properties.

[0084] The device comprises a mechanism 9 for moving the article 8 in the form of a mechanism 53 with a platform 54 on which the formed article 8 is secured, wherein the surface of the platform 54 on which the formed article 8 is secured is parallel to the surface of the window 4 facing the source 7 of actinic radiation 5 of the container 2 of the structure for placing the liquid photopolymer 3.

[0085] At least one DLP projector 59 is used as a source 7 of actinic radiation 5 with spatial modulation.

[0086] A laser scanning device 60 containing at least one laser source is used as a source 7 of actinic radiation 5 with spatial modulation.

[0087] As a source 7 of actinic radiation 5 with spatial modulation, a combination of at least one DLP projector 59 and at least one laser scanning device 60 is used.

[0088] At least one LCD panel with backlighting by collimated actinic radiation 5 is used as a source 7 of actinic radiation 5 with spatial modulation.

[0089] The device, in addition to the source 7 of actinic radiation 5 with spatial modulation, contains an unmodulated source 61 of actinic radiation 5, the wavelength of which differs from the wavelength of the source of actinic radiation 5 with spatial modulation. As the material of the transparent window 4 of the container of construction 2 for placing the liquid photopolymer 3, a material permeable to oxygen and / or a material with low surface energy is used.

[0090] The composition of the material of the transparent window 4 of the container 2 of the structure for placing the liquid photopolymer 3 includes a reagent - a radical polymerization inhibitor.

[0091] The transparent window 4 of the container 2 for accommodating the liquid photopolymer 3 includes a converter of the wave front of actinic radiation 5, in the form of arrays of focusing elements and / or refractive or reflective surfaces 63 and / or boundaries between media.

[0092] The control system 76 is a microprocessor-based controller or a general-purpose computer controlled by specialized software.

[0093] The cause-and-effect relationship between the essential features of the method and the technical result is as follows.

[0094] All actions performed during the implementation of the method, in which: in the process of high-speed three-dimensional printing of the production of articles 8 from liquid photopolymer 3, cured by actinic radiation 5, a stepped shape is provided for the forming surface 19 (the construction surface) of the article 8 facing the transparent window 4 (the building container 2), using for this purpose the stepped shape of the surface of the window 4 (made in the form of steps 14), and the article 8 is moved during the construction process so that the movement vector 15 of the article 8 is directed parallel to the surface 13 of the said steps 14, while exposure to actinic radiation 5 is carried out only on sections 20 of the steps of the surface 14 of the window 4 parallel to the vector 15 of movement of the article 8, and sections 77 of the transitions between the steps of the surface 14 of the window 4 are not exposed (shaded) in combination with the known actions of the method, which are indicated in the formula of the invention, make it possible to increase the production speed, improve the quality of the manufactured articles,increase productivity (in particular, reduce the number of produced deformed products and products with damaged geometry), and generally expand the functional capabilities of the method.

[0095] This is explained by the fact that the specified technical solution in the form of a set of actions described in the invention formula:

[0096] - facilitates the separation of finished formed products 8 from the surface of window 4, protecting them from deformation, since the vector 15 of movement of the supporting surface 12, when separating products 8 from the surface of transparent window 4, is parallel to the forming surface, and such a vector 15 of movement ensures the sliding of the formed part of products 8 along the stepped surface of steps 14 of window 4;wherein the force required to move the article 8 by sliding along the surface of the fluoropolymer is less than 0.4-0.5 N / cm2 of the area of ​​the article 8, and the force required to tear the article 8 away from the surface of the window 4 is about 10 N / cm2, that is, to move the articles 8, in accordance with the claimed method, a force 20-25 times less is required, while from the volume of the photopolymer 3 above the unexposed areas 20 of the steps 14 a constant influx of photopolymer 3 into the curing zone is ensured, this will increase the formation speed, while reducing the load on the articles 8 by 20-25 times during the construction process allows improving the quality of the manufactured articles 8, reducing the consumption of photopolymer 3 by reducing the number and weight of the supports;

[0097] - provides the possibility of continuous additive production, when the movement of the product 8 is carried out in sliding mode along the surface of the steps 14 located on the surface of the window 4.

[0098] The developing and refining features of the method, in combination with the declared new and known features of the method, ensure an increase in speed, an improvement in the quality of the products, an increase in productivity and an expansion of the functional capabilities of the method, since the additional features improve and diversify the provision of the possibility of rapid production of high-quality products in a continuous sequence.

[0099] The cause-and-effect relationship between the essential features of the developing points of the method and the technical result is as follows: the angle 18 between the vector 15 of movement of the product 8 and the surface of the window 4 facing the source 7 of actinic radiation 5 is from less than 90° to 45° or from 45° to 25°, or from 25° to 2.5°, or from 2.5° to 0.1°, increases the production speed, improves the quality of the manufactured products 8, increases productivity and expands the functional capabilities of the method.By setting different values ​​of the angle 18 between the displacement vector 15 and the surface of the window 4 facing the source 7 of actinic radiation 5 (while ensuring that the condition of parallelism of the surface 13 of the steps 14 of the window 4 with respect to the motion vector 15 is met), it is possible to optimize the system performance taking into account the dimensions of the products 8, for example, to set an increased transportation speed for low products 8, or to increase the overall dimensions of the manufactured products 8 by increasing the angle 16 between the support surface 12 and the surface of the window 4 facing the source 7 of actinic radiation 5 with a decrease in the motion speed, while in order to meet the condition of parallelism of the surface 13 of the steps 14 of the window 4 to the motion vector 15, for each selected value of the said angle 16, a window 4 is used in which the angle 22 between the exposed surface of the steps and the surface of the window 4 facing the source 7 of actinic radiation 5 is equal to the selected angle 16.

[0100] The fact that the length of the non-exposed (shaded) sections 21 extends to the section 77 of the transition between the steps 14 of the window 4 and to a part of the section 81 of the step of the surface 14 of the window 4 parallel to the vector 15 of movement of the article 8 at a distance from 0.1 to 99% of the length of the said section 81 of the step 14 increases the production speed, improves the quality of the manufactured articles, increases the productivity and expands the functional capabilities of the method. This is explained by the fact that an increase in the length of the non-exposed (shaded) sections 21 of the steps 14 provides the possibility of increasing the inflow of the photopolymer 3, which is important when using photopolymer liquids 3 with high viscosity.

[0101] The fact that the photopolymer composition 3 is supplied from the non-exposed (shaded) sections 21 to the exposure zone (exposed sections) 20 increases the production speed, increases productivity and expands the functional capabilities of the method. This is explained by the fact that the constant influx of photopolymer 3 from the non-exposed (shaded) sections 21 to the exposure zone of exposed sections 20 ensures the possibility of continuous movement and exposure and, accordingly, rapid continuous construction of products 8.

[0102] The fact that the length of the step 14 of the window 4 is from less than 25 μm to 100 μm or from 100 μm to 1000 μm, or from 1 mm to 10 mm or more, the height of the step 14 of the window 4 is from less than 25 μm to 100 μm or from 100 μm to 250 μm or more, increases the production speed, improves the quality of the manufactured articles 8, increases the productivity and expands the functional capabilities of the method. This is explained by the fact that the selection of the length of the step 14 makes it possible to harmonize the parameters of the construction of the article 8 (to coordinate the reactivity of the photopolymer 3, the speed of movement, the size and frequency of the steps with the size of the image pixel), the selection of the height of the step 14 makes it possible to coordinate the specific power of the actinic radiation 5 with the depth 79 of effective penetration of the actinic radiation 5 into the photopolymer 3, correctly configured parameters ensure the best quality of the articles 8 with the highest productivity.

[0103] The fact that the shape of the non-exposed (shaded) sections 21 of the window 4 surface ensures the presence of an additional volume of photopolymer composition 3 at the beginning of each stage 14 increases the production speed, improves the quality of the manufactured articles 8, increases the productivity and expands the functional capabilities of the method. This is explained by the fact that the constant inflow of photopolymer 3 from the non-exposed (shaded) sections 21 into the exposure zone 20 (into the zone 20 of exposed sections) ensures the possibility of continuous movement and exposure of articles 8, and, accordingly, rapid continuous construction of articles 8, the presence of a recess 23 for better inflow of photopolymer 3 into the exposure zone 20 facilitates rapid construction of articles 8 from photopolymerizable liquids 3 with high viscosity.

[0104] The fact that the window 4 is additionally cooled by feeding and removing liquid or gaseous heat carrier 30 increases the production speed, improves the quality of manufactured products 8, increases productivity and expands the functional capabilities of the method. This is explained by the fact that during the process of radical polymerization, heat is released, usually from 20 to 70 J / g, of the photopolymer composition 3, which heats the product 8, the window 4 and the photopolymer liquid 3, with an increased amount of simultaneously cured polymerized liquid 3, the temperature can increase significantly to 100 - 120 ° C and negatively affect the parameters of the photopolymer 3, the process and the equipment, therefore good heat removal ensures the possibility of rapid production with high quality and reproducibility of the process.

[0105] The fact that the movable support surface 12 is a continuously rewound tape 38 or a continuously rewound closed tape 38, wherein the process of constructing the formed 8 product begins with the exposure of a limited section 78 of the section of the formed product 8, where the distance from the construction surface 19 to the support surface 12 corresponds to the distance (depth) 79 of the effective penetration of actinic radiation 5 into the liquid photopolymer 3, and the exposure zone is increased by the following steps 14 as the product 8 moves, makes it possible to increase the production speed, improve the quality of the manufactured products, increase productivity and expand the functional capabilities of the method.This is explained by the fact that the arrangement of products 8 on a continuously rewound belt 38 or on a closed continuous belt 38 of a conveyor 42 will make it possible to produce various products 8 in a continuous sequence and easily separate products 8 from the conveyor belt 38 upon completion of construction due to the deformation of the closed belt 38 at the end of the conveyor.Although when printing on a continuously rewound tape 38, the printing of products 8 begins with a limited exposure zone, and at the beginning of the process, the advantages of photopolymer DLP 3E printing are not fully realized, it turns out that when the process continues and with the full implementation of all the actions of the proposed method, namely in the case of flow production (which ensures the totality of all the essential features of the method), when in the process of construction there is a series of products 8 at various stages of production (beginning of formation, main process of formation, completion of formation, unloading of formed products), the production speed turns out to be the highest, due to the absence of pauses, the maximum simultaneous exposure area, and the automation of the process of unloading finished products 8.In the proposed method, the “automation” of unloading products 8 is ensured by the fact that finished products, held on a movable support surface 12 - a continuously rewound tape 38, are transported by said tape 38 outside the construction area by adhesive forces, and then, when the tape bends around the roller of the tape movement mechanism 38, finished products 8 are automatically (when the tape bends) separated from the surface of the tape 38 and automatically placed in a receiving container or on a conveyor transporting products to subsequent stages of post-processing, and at the same time the process of forming products 8 at all previous stages continues.

[0106] The fact that, when implementing the method, the continuous belt 38 additionally transports the consumable base 43 for constructing the articles 8 or the components 44 built into the articles 8 allows to expand the functional capabilities of the method. This is explained by the fact that the use of a previously prepared consumable base 43 for constructing can ensure the formation of articles 8 with special properties, facilitate the separation from the supporting surface 12 of articles 8 made of elastic polymers and / or polymers having the property of high adhesion. The consumable base 43 for constructing articles 8 can be a film, mesh, fabric, a group of parallel fibers, solid or perforated metal foil or a composition of the above.

[0107] The consumable base 43 can be formed by curing a photopolymer composition different in composition and properties from the photopolymer 3 used to form the articles 8, applying it to the tape 38 and exposing it during its rewinding.

[0108] The expendable base 43 may contain marking, form detachable or non-detachable layers on the products 8. During the production process, additional components 44 may be built into the product 8, for example, sensors of various types, microchips, or products based on them, RFID tags, etc. The specified actions of the method make it possible to obtain composite products, products with built-in components, endowed with special functions and properties. Using the expendable base 43 for construction can ensure the formation of a continuous linear array of small products 8, fixed on the specified continuously fed expendable carrier tape and simplify their post-processing and sorting.

[0109] The fact that the method implements a process of unidirectional construction of the product 8 with continuous exposure of the sequence of sections of the formed product 8 allows to increase the production speed, improve the quality of the manufactured products, increase productivity and expand the functional capabilities of the method. This is explained by the fact that the fast continuous process, implemented due to the exclusion of the adhesion of the formed product 8 to the transparent window 4 of the container of construction 2 without interruptions in exposure during the flow production of products 8, ensures: continuity of the polymerization process, production without pauses and, accordingly, the highest productivity and the best quality of the manufactured products.

[0110] The fact that the method implements the process of constructing the article 8 with progressive movement and breaks between exposures of the sections of the formed article 8 allows to expand the functional capabilities of the method. This is explained by the fact that the specified actions of the method ensure the construction of articles 8 from photopolymer compositions 3 the dynamic movement of which during the exposure process, necessary for the implementation of a continuous process, is impossible or difficult, for example - these are photopolymers 3 with a long gelation time, or photopolymers 3 insufficiently permeable to actinic radiation 5.

[0111] The fact that, when implementing the method, at least sections of two articles 8 are exposed simultaneously allows to increase the production speed and increase productivity. This is explained by the fact that the large area of ​​simultaneously exposed sections of two or more articles 8 allows to increase the volume of simultaneously polymerized photopolymer 3 and, accordingly, allows to increase the speed and productivity of the method.

[0112] The fact that when implementing the method for facilitating and improving the sliding of the article 8 on the material of the window 4, a surfactant with a high ability to distribute at the phase boundary is used as an additive to the photopolymer composition, increases the production speed, improves the quality of the manufactured articles, increases the productivity and expands the functional capabilities of the method. This is explained by the fact that the surfactant with a high ability to distribute at the phase boundary does not participate in the curing process, remaining liquid, plays the role of a lubricant when sliding the formed part of the article 8 on the surface of the steps 14 of the window 4, reducing the force necessary for moving the article 8, thereby contributing to a decrease in the load on the article and the window 4, a reduction in the costs of the photopolymer 3 for supports, improving the quality of the articles 8 and the productivity of the method.

[0113] The fact that, when implementing the method, for improving the sliding of the article 8 during movement and for reducing the adhesion force of the formed article 8 to the transparent window 4, inhibition of the boundary layer of the photopolymer 3 is used: oxygen inhibition of the boundary layer of the photopolymer 3, photon inhibition of the boundary layer of the photopolymer 3, chemical inhibition of the boundary layer of the photopolymer 3, transformation of the wave front of actinic radiation 5 or multi-wave photopolymerization, makes it possible to increase the production speed, increase productivity and expand the functional capabilities of the method. This is explained by the fact that the mobility of the boundary layer of the photopolymer 3, achieved by one of the specified actions of the method, facilitates the sliding of the article 8 along the material of the transparent window 4, and ensures a faster construction process without increasing the load on the articles 8, during the flow production of articles 8, accordingly, ensures greater productivity with better quality.<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr">WO 2025 / 005899 PCT / UA2O23 / OOOO32.<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr">

[0114] <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> 27<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr">

[0115] The fact that in order to increase the efficiency of using the source 7 of actinic radiation 5, the wave front transformation of actinic radiation 5 is used in combination with software transformation of the sections of articles 8, increases the productivity and expands the functional capabilities of the method. This is explained by the following: in order to create non-exposed (shaded) sections 21 on the transitions 77 of the steps 14 and in the projections of the recesses 23 at the beginning of the steps 14, in accordance with the features of the claimed method, physical or software masks are used, and this can lead to the loss of a part of the total luminous flux, refraction and / or reflection of a part of the said luminous flux onto the sections 20 of the construction surface subject to exposure ensures an increase in the efficiency of using the luminous flux of the source 7 of actinic radiation 5, in order to ensure the correct resulting projection, the original projection is subject to software processing in such a way that the elementary sections of the projection (image pixels),subject to refraction and / or reflection, contain information of those areas to which they will be redirected, this increases the specific power of actinic radiation 5 in areas 20 subject to exposure, which increases the curing rate of photopolymer 3 and, accordingly, increases productivity.,

[0116] The fact that the elements providing mechanical coupling of the product 8 with the movable support surface 12 and with each other (support elements) are objects of parametric design and are modeled automatically by means of the device software increases the production speed, improves the quality of the manufactured products 8, increases productivity and expands the functional capabilities of the method. This is explained by the fact that for the automation of the processing of digital models of products 8 and the arrangement of supporting elements, it is preferable to use parametric modeling objects, the algorithmic descriptions of which can be performed in the form of calculated functions or in the form of pre-developed elementary three-dimensional models - primitives.Fast0 calculation of the specified functions or arrangement of primitives saves computing power and allows to prepare products 8 for printing synchronously with the printing process, eliminating the operator's work and the influence of subjective factors on the quality. Thus, the production speed increases and the quality of the manufactured products 8 improves. WO 2025 / 005899 PCT / UA2O23 / OOOO32.

[0117] 28

[0118] The fact that the transfer of data on three-dimensional models to the device software, slicing of the said three-dimensional models and the formation of three-dimensional printing projects are carried out without interrupting the production process increases the production speed, improves the quality of manufactured products, increases productivity and expands the functionality of the method. This is explained by the fact that the unification of the process of preparing product models 8 for printing allows for its effective automation, reducing the time of data processing, eliminating the operator's work and the influence of subjective factors on quality.

[0119] The fact that when implementing the method, slicing of three-dimensional models is performed at an angle of less than 90° (up to 0.1°) to the vector 15 of movement of the product, expands the functional capabilities of the method. This is explained by the fact that in order to ensure construction in accordance with such actions of the claimed method, when splicing, an angle is selected corresponding to the angle 18 between the vector 15 of movement of the product 8 and the surface of the window 4 facing the source 7 of actinic radiation 5.

[0120] The fact that when implementing the method, the software transformation of the sections of the products 8 is carried out, selecting the position and length of the non-exposed (shaded) sections 21 so that the said sections include transitions 770 between the steps 14 or adding duplicate lines to the projection in accordance with the parameters of the reflective and / or refractive surfaces 63 of the wave front converter 62, increases the production speed, increases the productivity and expands the functional capabilities of the method. This is explained by the fact that physical masks 24 or software masks are used to create non-exposed (shaded) sections 21 on the transitions 77 of the steps 14 and in the projections of the recesses 23 at the beginning of the steps 14.This leads to a loss of part of the total luminous flux, refraction and / or reflection of part of said luminous flux onto exposed sections 20 of the construction surface subject to exposure provides an increase in the efficiency of using the luminous flux of the source 7 of actinic radiation 5, to ensure the correct resulting projection, the initial projection is subject to software processing in such a way that the elementary sections of the projection (image pixels) subject to refraction and / or reflection contain information from those sections to which they will be redirected. WO 2025 / 005899 PCT / UA2O23 / OOOO32.

[0121] 29

[0122] The cause-and-effect relationship between the essential features of the device and the technical result is as follows.

[0123] The design of the proposed device, comprising: a construction container 2 for placing a liquid photopolymer 3 with a window 4 transparent for actinic radiation 5, a source 7 of actinic radiation 5 with spatial modulation, intended for exposing sections of the formed article 8 to the surface of the liquid photopolymer 3, limited by the said window 4, a mechanism 9 for moving the formed article 8 with an electric drive 10 and a support surface 12 for placing the formed article 8, located at an acute angle to the surface of the window 4 forming the construction surface, makes it possible to manufacture articles 8 by three-dimensional printing from liquid photopolymer 3, cured by actinic radiation 5.

[0124] The fact that, in the proposed device, the surface of the window 4 facing the photopolymer 3 is made stepped, wherein one surface of the steps 14 is parallel to the vector 15 of movement of the support surface 12 on which the formed article 8 is fixed, and the angle 22 between the said surface of the step 14 and the surface of the window 4 facing the source 7 of actinic radiation 5 is equal to the angle 18 between the vector 15 of movement of the support surface 12 and the surface of the window 4 facing the source 7 of actinic radiation 5 and has a value of less than 90°, makes it possible to increase the production speed, improve the quality of the manufactured articles, increase productivity and expand the functional capabilities of the device.

[0125] This is explained by the fact that the said technical solution in the form of a set of features described in the invention formula facilitates the separation of finished formed articles 8 from the surface of the window 4, protecting them from deformation, since the motion vector 15, when separating the articles 8 from the exposed sections 20 of the surface of the transparent window 8, is parallel to the surface of the said exposed sections 20, and such a movement vector 15 ensures the sliding of the formed part of the articles 8 along the surface of the steps 14, without tearing off, and the force required to move the article 8 by sliding along the surface of the fluoropolymer is less than 0.4 -0.5 N / cm2 of the area of ​​the article 8, and the force required to tear the article 8 from the surface of the window 4 is about 10 N / cm2. That is, to move the products 8, in accordance with the design and operation of the declared device in the declared manner,5 a force is required that is 20 - 25 times less than in previously known designs (in analogs and WO 2025 / 005899 PCT / UA2O23 / OOOO32

[0126] 30 prototype). At the same time, from the volume of photopolymer 3 above the sections 21, a constant flow of photopolymer 3 into the curing zone 20 (into the zone of exposed sections 20) is ensured, this will allow to increase the formation speed, while reducing the load on the products 8 by 20-25 times during the construction process, allows to improve the quality of the manufactured products 8, to reduce the consumption of photopolymer 3 due to the reduction in the number and weight of supports.

[0127] For individual conditions and cases of implementation and use of the device for the production of articles 8 by the method of three-dimensional high-speed printing from liquid photopolymer 3 cured by actinic radiation 5, the invention is characterized by the following additional new features, which develop and clarify the set of essential features of the independent claim concerning the device.

[0128] Additional and developing features of the device, in combination with the declared and known features of the device, provide an increase in the production speed, an improvement in the quality of manufactured products, an increase in productivity and an expansion of the functional capabilities of the device, since they provide the possibility of producing products 8 in a continuous sequence with their continuous construction.

[0129] The fact that the angle 18 between the vector 15 of movement of the support surface 12 and the surface of the window 4 facing the source 7 of actinic radiation 5 is from less than 90° to 45° or from 45° to 25°, or from 25° to 2.5°, or from 2.5° to 0.1° ensures an increase in the production speed, an improvement in the quality of the manufactured products 8, an increase in productivity and an expansion of the functional capabilities of the device. This is explained by the fact that the specified design feature ensures the possibility of producing various products 8 in a continuous sequence. By setting different values ​​of the angle between the vector 15 of movement of the product 8 and the surface of the window 4 facing the source 7 of actinic radiation 5, it is possible to optimize the productivity of the device taking into account the dimensions of the products 8.For example - to set an increased manufacturing speed for low products 8, or to increase the overall dimensions of the manufactured products 8, increasing the angle 16 between the supporting surface 12 and the surface of the window 4 facing the source 7 of actinic radiation 5, reducing the speed of movement, in this case, in order to comply with the condition of parallelism of the surface of the exposed sections 20 of the steps 14 in relation to the vector 15 of movement of the product 8, and for each selected value of the specified angle 16, a window 4 is used in which the angle 22 between the exposed surface of the steps 14 and the surface of the window 4 facing the source 7 of actinic radiation 5 is equal to the selected angle 16.

[0130] The fact that the length of the steps 14 on the surface of the window 4 transparent for actinic radiation in the container 2 of the structure for placing the liquid photopolymer 3 is from less than 25 μm to 100 μm or from 100 μm to 1000 μm or from 1 mm to 10 mm or more, and the height of the step 14 is from less than 50 μm to 250 μm or more, ensures an increase in the production speed, an improvement in the quality of the manufactured products 8, an increase in productivity and an expansion of the functional capabilities of the device. This is explained by the fact that the selection of the length of the step 14 makes it possible to harmonize the parameters of the structure of the product 8 (to coordinate the reactivity of the photopolymer 3, the speed of movement, the size and frequency of the steps) with the size of the image pixel, and the selection of the height of the step 14 makes it possible to coordinate the specific power of the actinic radiation 5 with the depth 79 of effective penetration of the actinic radiation into the photopolymer 4.Thus, the most correctly adjusted parameters ensure the best quality of products 8 with the highest productivity.

[0131] The fact that at the beginning of each step 14 on the surface of the window 4 transparent for actinic radiation in the container of construction 2 for placing the liquid photopolymer 3 a recess 23 is made, the depth of which is from 10 μm to 100 μm or from 100 μm to 1000 μm or from 1 mm to 5 mm or more, and the width of which is from less than 25 μm to 500 μm or from 0.5 mm to 5 mm or more, ensures an increase in the production speed, an improvement in the quality of the manufactured articles 8, an increase in the productivity and an expansion of the functional capabilities of the device. This is explained by the fact that such a design with such dimensions of the recess 23 ensures an increase in the rate of inflow of the photopolymer 3 from the volume of the photopolymer 3 over the unexposed (shaded) 21 sections into the exposure zone of the exposed sections 20, and facilitates the rapid construction of articles 8 from photopolymerizable liquids 3 with high viscosity.

[0132] That the unexposed section 21 at the beginning of each step 14 on the surface of the window 4 transparent to actinic radiation in the container 2 of the structure for placing the liquid photopolymer 3 contains a mask 24 made of a material opaque to actinic radiation 5, wherein said mask 24 extends over the entire length of the recess 23 at the beginning of step 14 WO 2025 / 005899 PCT / UA2O23 / OOOO32

[0133] 32 excluding the exposure of the said non-exposed section 21 by actinic radiation 5, provide an increase in the production speed, an improvement in the quality of manufactured products, an increase in productivity and an expansion of the functional capabilities of the device. This is explained by the fact that the presence in the design of the window 4 (at the beginning of each step 14 of the non-exposed section 21) of the opaque mask 24 ensures the preservation of part of the photopolymer 3 in liquid form during exposure, and, when the product 8 is moved during construction, the influx of photopolymer 3 into the exposure zone of the exposed section 20, while an increase in the length of the non-exposed (shaded) sections 21 of the steps 14 provides the possibility of increasing the influx of photopolymer 3, which is important when using high-viscosity photopolymer liquids 3.

[0134] Window 4, which is a composite layered structure 25, allows for the expansion of the functional capabilities of the device. This is explained by the fact that the said design principle (use of layered structure 25) allows for more efficient production of windows 4 with various design features, for example: embedding masks 24 to create shaded areas (non-exposed sections 21), forming refractive surfaces 63 to redistribute energy, and arranging channels for circulation of coolant 30 in transparent supporting element 27.

[0135] Window 4, which is made in the form of a monolithic element 28, allows to simplify the design, increase its reliability and facilitate the reconfiguration of the device for changing the angle 16. This is explained by the fact that the specified design principle (window 4 in the form of a monolithic element 28) allows to reduce the cost of production of the transparent monolithic element 28 of window 4 by casting in an injection molding machine, and to improve its physical and technical characteristics.

[0136] The fact that the device contains a system 29 for removing heat from the window 4 with the circulation of liquid or gaseous heat carrier 30, provides an increase in the production speed, an improvement in the quality of the manufactured products, an increase in productivity and an expansion of the functional capabilities of the device. This is explained by the fact that in the process of radical polymerization of the photopolymer 3, heat is released, usually from 20 to 70 J / g, which heats the product 8, the window 4 and the photopolymer liquid 3. With an increased amount of simultaneously cured polymerized liquid 3, the temperature can increase significantly to 100 - 120 ° C and more, and negatively affect the parameters of the process, and the equipment, and the photopolymer, therefore the presence of an effective heat removal system 29 provides the possibility of rapid production with high quality, and reliable operation of the device at a high production speed.

[0137] The fact that the mechanism 9 for moving the formed product 8 is made in the form of a mechanism 37 for moving a continuous belt 38 and / or the continuous belt 38 is a closed conveyor belt 42, wherein the surface of said continuous belt 38 is a support surface 12 for placing the formed product 8, provides the possibility of increasing the production speed, improving the quality of the manufactured products, increasing productivity and expanding the functional capabilities of the device.

[0138] This is explained by the fact that the said solution (movement mechanism 37 and / or continuous belt 38 closed in the form of conveyor 42) in combination with all design features: provides the possibility of fully automated production of various products 8 in a continuous sequence, with their continuous construction, and continuous automatic removal from the device; allows to increase the area of ​​exposure per one product 8, facilitates the separation of products from window 4, protecting products 8 from deformation, which directly affects the increase in production speed and the improvement of the quality of the manufactured products 8.

[0139] The fact that the continuous tape 38 in the device is designed with the possibility of transporting an additional consumable base 43 for constructing articles 8 or components 44 built into articles 8, expands the functional capabilities of the device. This is explained by the fact that the use of a previously prepared consumable base 43 for constructing articles 8, which can be a film, mesh, fabric, a group of parallel fibers, a solid or perforated metal foil or a composition of the above, or the consumable base 43 can be formed by curing a photopolymer composition different in composition and properties from the photopolymer 3 used for forming articles 8, applying it to the tape 38 and exposing it during its rewinding, can ensure the formation of articles 8 with special properties, facilitate the separation of articles from the tape 38 made of elastic polymers and / or polymers having a high adhesion property.Pre-prepared consumable bases 43 for construction can contain marking, form detachable or non-detachable layers on products 8. Additional components 44 can be built into product 8, for example, sensors of various types, microchips, or products based on them, RFID tags, etc., and this makes it possible to obtain composite products, products with built-in components, endowed with special functions and properties.

[0140] The use of a consumable base 43 for construction can ensure the formation of a continuous linear array of small products 8, fixed on the specified carrier tape, and simplify their post-processing and sorting.

[0141] The presence in the device of a support-stabilizer for the continuous tape 38 of a supporting magnetic or electromagnetic plate 47, and at the same time the continuous tape 38 is made of a material with ferromagnetic properties, allows to increase the production speed, improve the quality of manufactured products, increase productivity and expand the functional capabilities of the device. This is explained by the fact that in the case when a magnetic field of controlled force is used in the construction process to stabilize the continuous tape 38, this allows to prevent transverse vibrations of the said tape 38, preserving only the longitudinal component in the movement of the said tape 38, which will ensure high precision in the manufacture of products 8 and the stability of their geometric parameters.

[0142] The use in the device of a mechanism 9 for moving the article 8 in the form of a mechanism 53 with a platform 54 on which the formed article 8 is secured, and wherein the surface of the platform 54 on which the formed article 8 is secured is located parallel to the surface of the window 4 facing the source 7 of actinic radiation 5 of the container for building 2 for liquid photopolymer 3, allows to expand the functional capabilities of the device. This is explained by the fact that the specified design features allow to build articles 8 in accordance with the method in compact devices and / or for research purposes.

[0143] The use of at least one DLP projector 59 in the device as a source of actinic radiation 7 with spatial modulation allows to increase the production speed, improve the quality of manufactured products 8, increase productivity and expand the functional capabilities of the device. This is explained by the fact that the DLP projector 59 provides simultaneous exposure of the entire section of the formed product 8 with differentiated brightness for different sections.

[0144] Use in a device as a source of actinic radiation 7 with spatial modulation of a laser scanning device 60, WO 2025 / 005899 PCT / UA2O23 / OOOO32

[0145] 35 containing at least one laser source, allows to improve the quality of manufactured products 8 and expand the functional capabilities of the device. This is explained by the fact that the laser scanning device 60 ensures high accuracy of maintaining the contour of the section of the formed product 8 and high specific power of actinic radiation 5.

[0146] The use in the device as a source 7 of actinic radiation 5 with spatial modulation of a combination of at least one DLP projector 59 and at least one laser scanning device 60 allows to increase the production speed, improve the quality of manufactured products 8, increase productivity and expand the functional capabilities of the device. This is explained by the fact that the DLP projector 59 provides simultaneous exposure of the entire section of the formed product 8, the laser scanning device 60 provides high accuracy of compliance with the contour of the section of the formed product and high specific power of radiation 5.

[0147] The use of at least one LCD panel with collimated actinic radiation 5 backlight as a source 7 of actinic radiation 5 with spatial modulation allows to increase the production speed, improve the quality of manufactured products 8, increase productivity and expand the functional capabilities of the device. This is explained by the fact that the LCD panel with collimated actinic radiation backlight 5 provides simultaneous exposure of the entire section of the formed product 8, has compact dimensions, small (from 25 μm) image pixel sizes with a relatively large exposure area.

[0148] The use in the device of an unmodulated source 61 of actinic radiation 5 (in addition to the source 7 of actinic radiation 5 with spatial modulation), the wavelength of which differs from the wavelength of the source 7 of actinic radiation 5 with spatial modulation, expands the functional capabilities of the device. This is explained by the fact that the specified unmodulated source 61 of actinic radiation 5 is intended to activate the photoinhibitor included in the photopolymer composition 3 and provides the possibility of implementing the technology for overcoming the adhesion of the article 8 to the window 4, based on photoinhibition of the boundary layer of photopolymer 3 to the window 4, when the boundary layer of photopolymer 3 on the surface of the window 4 remains liquid. The absence of adhesion of the formed article to the window 4 of the container of construction 3 makes it possible to significantly reduce sliding friction (up to 0.2 -0.3 N / cm2). WO 2025 / 005899 PCT / UA2O23 / OOOO32

[0149] 36

[0150] The fact that in the device as a material of the transparent window 4 of the tank 2 of the construction for placing the liquid photopolymer 3 a material permeable to oxygen and / or a material with a low surface energy is used increases the production speed, expands the functional capabilities of the device. This is explained by the fact that oxygen - an inhibitor of radical polymerization, penetrating through the material of the window 4 of the tank 2 of the construction, ensures the presence of uncured photopolymer 3 on the surface of said window 4, which allows to significantly reduce sliding friction (to 0.2 -0.3 N / cm). The material with a low surface energy ensures easy sliding of the formed article 8 along the surface of the window 4 and the absence of chemical bonds of the material of the window 4 with the photopolymer 3 during polymerization.

[0151] The presence of a radical polymerization inhibitor reagent in the composition of the transparent window 4 material of the construction container 2 allows to expand the functional capabilities of the device. This is explained by the fact that the radical polymerization inhibitor reagent included in the composition of the window 4 material ensures the presence of uncured photopolymer 3 on the surface of said window 4, which allows to significantly reduce sliding friction (to 0.2 -0.3 N / cm).

[0152] The presence in the composition of the transparent window 4 of the construction container 2 of the actinic radiation wave front converter 5 in the form of arrays of focusing0 elements and / or refracting or reflecting surfaces 63 or boundaries between media makes it possible to increase the production speed, increase productivity and expand the functional capabilities of the device. This is explained by the fact that when using the actinic radiation wave front converter 5 in the form of an array of focusing elements with dimensions equivalent to the projection pixels, the foci of which are located on the boundary of the surface 19 of the construction of the product 8, the actinic radiation 5 is redistributed in the layer bordering the window 4, the presence of unexposed zones and the presence of uncured photopolymer 3 on the surface of said window 4 is ensured and the implementation of the function of continuous construction0 of the product 8 is ensured during continuous exposure.

[0153] To create non-exposed (shaded) sections 21 on transitions 77 of steps 14 and in projections of recesses 23 at the beginning of steps 14, physical masks 24 or software masks are used; this leads to the loss of part of the total luminous flux, refraction and / or reflection of part of said luminous flux onto sections 20 of the construction surface subject to exposure provides an increase in the efficiency of using the luminous flux of the source 7 of actinic radiation 5, this increases the specific power of the luminous flux on sections 20 subject to exposure, which increases the curing rate of the photopolymer 3 and, accordingly, increases productivity.

[0154] The fact that in the device, as the control system 76, a microprocessor-based controller or a general-purpose computer is used, which are controlled by specialized software, increases the production speed, improves the quality of manufactured products, increases productivity and expands the functional capabilities of the device. This is explained by the fact that when the device is controlled by the control system 76, namely, a microprocessor-based controller or a general-purpose computer controlled by special software, this ensures precise compliance with technological modes, control of production parameters, commercial accounting of products and consumables, and the implementation of a continuous production process free from intermediate and manual operations, reloading operations, intermediate storage of products and turnover of a large number of equipment.

[0155] The practical implementation, operation and industrial applicability of the method of high-speed three-dimensional printing of products with a structured surface of construction from liquid photopolymer, and the device for its implementation are shown in schematic images and drawings (Figs. 1-11).

[0156] Fig. 1 (A, B, C, D) schematically depicts design options for photopolymer DLP and SLA 3D printers in accordance with the existing level of technology (A, B, C - analogs, D - prototype).

[0157] Fig. 2 schematically shows a variant of the design of a window 4 having steps 14 on the surface facing the fluoropolymer 3 and the distribution of actinic radiation 5 during the exposure process.

[0158] Fig. 3 schematically shows a variant of the design of a window 4 having steps 14 on the surface facing the fluoropolymer 3, containing a physical mask 24, and the distribution of actinic radiation 5 during the exposure process.

[0159] Fig. 4 schematically shows a variant of the design of a window 4 having steps 14 on the surface facing the fluoropolymer 3 and containing a converter 62 of the wave front of actinic radiation in the form of a refractive 63 surface, and the distribution of actinic radiation 5 during the exposure process.

[0160] Fig. 5 schematically shows a variant of the device in the form of a design of a photopolymer DLP and SLA 3B printer, having steps 14 on the surface of the window 4 facing the fluoropolymer 3 with a lower location of the source 7 of actinic radiation 5, in which the mechanism 53 for moving the product 8 is made in the form of a movable platform 54.

[0161] Fig. 6 schematically shows a variant of the device in the form of a design of a photopolymer DLP and SLA 3D printer, having steps 14 on the surface of the window 4 facing the fluoropolymer 3 with a lower location of the source 7 of actinic radiation 5, in which the mechanism 9 for moving the product 8 is made in the form of a conveyor 42 with a closed continuous belt 38.

[0162] Fig. 7 schematically shows a variant of the device in the form of a design of a photopolymer DLP and SLA 3B printer, having steps 14 on the surface of the window 4 facing the fluoropolymer 3, in which the mechanism 9 for moving the product 8 is made in the form of a mechanism 37 with a feed of a continuous consumable base 43.

[0163] Fig. 8 schematically shows the process of starting and continuing the formation of an article 8 in a DLP and SLA 3D printer having steps 14 on the surface of the window 4 facing the fluoropolymer 3, in which the articles 8 are moved fixed on the support surface 12.

[0164] Fig. 9 schematically shows the process of starting and continuing the formation of an article 8 in a DLP and SLA 3D printer having steps 14 on the surface of a window 4 facing a fluoropolymer 3, in which the movable support surface 12 is a platform 54.

[0165] Fig. 10 schematically shows a variant of the device in the form of a design of a photopolymer DLP and SLA 3B printer, having steps 14 on the surface of the window 4 facing the fluoropolymer 3, in which the mechanism 9 for moving the product 8 is made in the form of a conveyor 42 with a closed continuous belt 38 and additionally transports a movable base 43 for constructing products 8.

[0166] Fig. 11 schematically shows a variant of the device in the form of a design of a photopolymer DLP and SLA 3B printer, having steps 14 on the surface of the window 4 facing the fluoropolymer 3, in which the mechanism 9 for moving the product 8 is made in the form of a conveyor 42 with a closed continuous belt 38, and additionally contains a mechanism 45 for placing components 44 built into the product. Specification, list of elements, units, parts of the design of the invention.

[0167] 1. Frame;

[0168] 2. A building container for placing liquid photopolymer;

[0169] 3. Liquid photopolymer (photopolymer composition);

[0170] 4. Transparent window in the construction container;

[0171] 5. Actinic radiation;

[0172] 6. Stepped window surface facing the photopolymer;

[0173] 7. Source of actinic radiation with spatial modulation;

[0174] 8. Formed / formed product;

[0175] 9. Mechanism for moving the formed product;

[0176] 10. Electric drive of the product movement mechanism;

[0177] 11. Reducer of the product movement mechanism;

[0178] 12. Support surface for placing products;

[0179] 13. The surface of the steps is parallel to the displacement vector 15 of the support surface 12 for placing products 8;

[0180] 14. Steps of the stepped surface of the window;

[0181] 15. Vector of displacement of the supporting surface (vector of displacement of the product);

[0182] 16. The angle between the supporting surface for placing the products and the window surface facing the source of actinic radiation;

[0183] 17. The window surface facing the source of actinic radiation;

[0184] 18. The angle between the displacement vector of the supporting surface (product) and the window surface facing the source of actinic radiation;

[0185] 19. Surface of the product construction;

[0186] 20. Exposed areas (exposure zones) of the window surface 4;

[0187] 21. Unexposed (shaded) areas;

[0188] 22. The angle between the surface of the steps and the surface of the window facing the source of actinic radiation;

[0189] 23. Recesses at the beginning of the steps;

[0190] 24. Masks for shading unexposed (shadowed) areas;

[0191] 25. Composite layered window structure;

[0192] 26. Film with stepped surface;

[0193] 27. Transparent supporting element;

[0194] 28. Monolithic window element with a stepped surface;

[0195] 29. Heat removal system;

[0196] 30. Heat carrier; 31. Fan of the heat removal system from the window with a guide apparatus 32;

[0197] 32. Guide vane of the heat removal system fan;

[0198] 33. Sealed chamber of the heat removal system;

[0199] 34. Coolant pipelines;

[0200] 35. Coolant pump;

[0201] 36. Coolant cooling unit;

[0202] 37. Mechanism for moving a product with a continuously rewinding tape;

[0203] 38. Continuously rewindable tape, which is the carrier (support surface) for the formed product;

[0204] 39. Electric motor for the rewinding mechanism of continuously rewound tape;

[0205] 40. Gearbox of the continuously rewound tape rewinding mechanism;

[0206] 41. Encoder of the continuously rewinding tape movement mechanism;

[0207] 42. Mechanism for moving the product in the form of a conveyor;

[0208] 43. Expendable base (tape) for constructing products;

[0209] 44. Components built into products;

[0210] 45. A mechanism for placing components built into products on a continuous belt;

[0211] 46. ​​Mechanism for feeding the consumable base;

[0212] 47. Support plate for continuously rewinding tape;

[0213] 48. Channels in the support plate;

[0214] 49. Photopolymer pipelines;

[0215] 50. A fastening unit for a continuous belt movement mechanism, designed with the possibility of adjusting the angle;

[0216] 51. Angle adjustment mechanism encoder;

[0217] 52. Electric drive of the angle change mechanism;

[0218] 53. Mechanism for moving the product with the platform;

[0219] 54. Platform on which the formed product is fixed 8.

[0220] 55. Electric drive of the platform on which the formed product 8 is fixed;

[0221] 56. Electric motor - electric drive of the platform on which the formed product 8 is fixed;

[0222] 57. Reducer of the electric drive of the platform on which the formed product 8 is fixed;

[0223] 58. The surface of the platform on which the formed product is fixed 8; 59. DLP projector;

[0224] 60. Laser scanning device;

[0225] 61. A source of actinic radiation that does not have a spatial modulation function;

[0226] 62. A converter of the wave front of actinic radiation, in the form of refractive or reflective surfaces 63 and / or boundaries between media;

[0227] 63. Refractive surfaces;

[0228] 64. Transparent adhesive composition;

[0229] 65. Pump for pumping liquid photopolymer;

[0230] 66. Capacity - container;

[0231] 67. Mesh filter for photopolymer;

[0232] 68. Liquid photopolymer level sensor;

[0233] 69. Liquid photopolymer temperature sensor;

[0234] 70. Device for heating and / or cooling photopolymer;

[0235] 71. Unit for cleaning products from residues of uncured photopolymer;

[0236] 72. Nozzles;

[0237] 73. Compressed gas source;

[0238] 74. Compressed gas pressure regulator;

[0239] 75. Tray;

[0240] 76. Control system;

[0241] 77. The area (surface) of transition between steps;

[0242] 78. The section where the distance from the inner surface of the transparent window of the construction container to the surface of the supporting surface is less than the depth of effective penetration of actinic radiation into the liquid fluoropolymer;

[0243] 79. Distance (depth) of effective penetration of actinic radiation into liquid fluoropolymer;

[0244] 80. An expanding channel formed by the transition surface between steps 77, the unexposed surface of step 14 and the surface 19 of the formed part of the product;

[0245] 81. Part of the section of step 14 parallel to the vector 15 of movement of product 8;

[0246] A, B, C in Fig. 9 are successive positions of platform 54;

[0247] A, B, C in Fig. 8 are layers of cured photopolymer 3;

[0248] I, II, III in Fig. 8 are exposure steps; A, B, C, D in Fig. 1 are schematic examples of devices in Fig. of the known level of technology (A, B, C are analogs, D is a prototype).

[0249] The best examples of the invention's implementation.

[0250] Static description of the device design.

[0251] The device intended for implementing the claimed method comprises: a frame 1 on which the units and components of the device are mounted, a construction container 2 for placing a liquid photopolymer 3 with a window 4 transparent for actinic radiation 5 and having a stepped surface 6 facing the fluoropolymer 3, a source 7 of actinic radiation 5 with spatial modulation intended for exposing sections of the formed article 8 to the surface of the liquid photopolymer 3 limited by the said transparent window 4, a mechanism 9 for moving the formed article 8 with an electric drive 10 equipped with a reducer 11, having a support surface 12 for placing the formed article 8, located at an acute angle to the surface of the window 4 forming the construction surface.

[0252] In this case, one surface 13 of the steps 14 is parallel with respect to the vector 15 of movement of the support surface 12, on which the product being formed 8 is fixed and faces the said support surface 12, and the angle 22 between the said support surface 12 of the steps 14 and the surface 17 of the window 4 facing the source of actinic radiation 5 is equal to the angle 18 between the vector of movement of the support surface 12 and the surface 17 of the window 4 facing the source 7 of actinic radiation 5 and has a value less than 90° (Figs. 2, 6). The said stepped surface of the window 4 in the construction container 2 forms the surface 19 of the product 8, wherein the surface 19 of the product 8 coincides with the surface 13 of the steps 14 of the window 4 only in the exposed sections 20 of the product 8 and does not coincide in the unexposed sections 21 (Figs. 5, 8, 9).

[0253] In various cases of implementing the design of the invention, the acute angle 18 between the surface 17 of the window 4 facing the source 7 of actinic radiation 5 in the container 2 of the structure for placing the liquid photopolymer 3 and the vector 15 of movement of the supporting surface 12 can be from less than 90° to 45°, or from 45° to 25°, or from 25° to 2.5°, or from 2.5° to 0.1°, but not limited to this, wherein for each value of the said angle 18, a window 4 is used with a corresponding value of the angle 22 between the surface 13 of the steps 14 and the surface 17 of the window 4 facing the source 7 of actinic radiation 5 (Figs. 2, 3, 6). WO 2025 / 005899 PCT / UA2O23 / OOOO32

[0254] 43

[0255] In various cases, the length of the steps 14 on the surface of the window 4 transparent to actinic radiation in the container 2 of the structure for placing the liquid photopolymer 3 is from less than 25 μm to 100 μm or 100 μm to 1000 μm or from 1 mm to 10 mm or more, the height of the steps 14 is from less than 25 μm to 100 μm or from 100 μm to 250 μm or more (Fig. 2, 3, 6).

[0256] In some cases, at the beginning of each step 14, on the surface of the window 4 transparent to actinic radiation, a recess 23 is made, the depth of which is from 10 μm to 100 μm or from 100 μm to 1000 μm, or from 1 mm to 5 mm, or more, and the width of which is from less than 50 μm to 500 μm or from 0.5 mm to 5 mm or more (Fig. 3, 8, 9)

[0257] In some cases, the unexposed section 21 at the beginning of each step 14 on the surface of the window 4 transparent to actinic radiation in the container 2 of the structure for placing the liquid photopolymer 3 contains a mask 24 made of a material opaque to actinic radiation 5 (Fig. 3). In the case of the presence of a recess 23, said mask 24 extends over the entire length of the recess 23 at the beginning of the step 14, excluding the exposure of said section to actinic radiation 5 (Fig. 3).

[0258] In some cases, the transparent window 4, having a stepped surface 6 facing the fluoropolymer 3, is a composite layered structure 25. Such a window can be manufactured, for example, by gluing a film 26 made of a fluoropolymer, on which steps 14 are preliminarily formed by hot pressing, onto a transparent supporting element 27, for example, made of glass, on which a mask 24 made of an opaque material can be preliminarily applied by photolithography. For example, this can be a mask 24 made of a pigmented photoresist or metal (Fig. 3, 4, 8, 9).

[0259] In some cases, the transparent window 4, having a stepped surface 6 facing the fluoropolymer 3, is made in the form of a monolithic element 28 with a stepped surface. Such a window can be manufactured, for example, by injection molding of a thermoplastic polymer, such as polymethylpentene (Fig. 2). 0 In some cases of implementing the invention, the device contains a system 29 for removing heat from the window 4 with the circulation of a liquid or gaseous coolant 30. The specified heat removal system 29 in its simplest version can be made in the form of a supply fan 31 with a guide apparatus 32 (Fig. 6), and an exhaust fan located, for example, on WO 2025 / 005899 PCT / UA2O23 / OOOOO32

[0260] 44 the outer wall of the device housing (not shown in the figures) - in this case, the coolant 30 is air.

[0261] In other cases of the device implementation, the side of the window 4 facing the source 7 of actinic radiation 5 with spatial modulation contains a sealed chamber 33 connected by pipelines 34 to a pump 35 of liquid coolant 30 and a coolant cooling unit 36 ​​(Fig. 11). The coolant cooling unit 36 ​​of coolant 30 can be made in the form of an air-liquid radiator or can contain an active cooler, for example, a Peltier element (not shown in the figures).

[0262] In other cases, when the window 4 is a composite structure, channels (not shown in the figures) for the coolant 30 can be made in the transparent supporting element 27, connected by pipelines 34 to the pump 35 and the cooling unit 36 ​​for the coolant 30.

[0263] In other cases, when an LCD panel is used as a spatial modulator5 (source 7) of actinic radiation 5, it can be enclosed in a chamber with a cooling liquid (not shown in the figures), connected by pipelines 34 to a pump 35 and a cooling unit 36 ​​for the coolant 30.

[0264] As a liquid heat carrier 30, 0 preferably transparent to actinic radiation 5 inert, heat-resistant liquids with dielectric properties can be used. For example, (but not limited to) - silicone liquids or perfluorocarbons.

[0265] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the mechanism 37 for moving the product is made in the form of a rewindable continuous tape 38, and the surface of said tape facing the window 4 is a support surface 12 for the product 8 being formed (Fig. 6, 7, 10, 11). Said movement mechanism 37 comprises an electric motor 39 with a reducer 40 and an encoder 41 as a drive (Fig. 6, 10, 11). The surface of said continuous tape 38 is always located at an acute angle 16 to the surface 17 of the window 4 facing the source 7 of actinic radiation 5. In this case, said continuous tape 38 is a movable support surface 12 for placing the product 8 being formed (Fig. 6, 7, 10, 11).

[0266] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the continuous belt 38 is a closed conveyor belt 42 made of metal, 5 for example, of an iron-nickel alloy (Fig. 6, 10, I). WO 2025 / 005899 PCT / UA2O23 / OOOO32

[0267] 45

[0268] In certain cases of implementing the invention, the continuous belt 38 of the conveyor 42 is made of metal and has perforation (not shown in the figures).

[0269] In some cases, the continuous belt 38 is designed with the possibility of transporting an additional consumable base 43 for constructing products 8 and / or components 44 built into products 8, and the device comprises a mechanism 45 for placing components 44 built into products 8 on the continuous belt 38 and / or a mechanism 46 for feeding the consumable base 43 (Fig. 10).

[0270] In preferred embodiments of the device, the mechanism for moving the continuous tape 38 may contain a support plate 47 (which is made, for example, in the form of an electromagnetic plate) for the continuous tape 38 (Fig. 6, 11). Or the support plate 47 may contain permanent magnets (not shown in the figures), and in such cases the continuous tape 38 must be made of a material with ferromagnetic properties.

[0271] In other cases of implementing the invention, the support plate 47 contains channels5 48 connected by pipelines 49 of photopolymer 3 (Fig. 7) with an additional pump (not shown in the figures) to create negative pressure.

[0272] In certain cases of implementing the invention, the structure contains a unit 50 for fastening a mechanism 37 for moving a continuous tape 38, which is designed with the possibility of adjusting the angle 16 between the surface of the window facing the source 7 of actinic radiation 5 in the container 2 of the structure for placing the photopolymer 3 and the surface of the continuous tape 38.

[0273] When implementing the method, the acute angle 16 between the vector 15 of movement of the continuous tape 38 and the surface of the window 4 facing the source 7 of actinic radiation 5 can also be from less than 90° to 45° or from 45° to 25°, or from 25° to 2.5°, or from 2.5° to 0.1°, but not limited to this. (Figs. 2, 3, 4, 8, 9). It is preferable that the said angle 16 is reconstructed discretely, since for each value of the angle 16, a corresponding design of the window 4 is necessary, having a stepped surface 6 facing the fluoropolymer 3; the ratio of the height and length of the steps 14 must ensure compliance with the condition of parallelism of the surface 13 of the steps 14 to the vector 15 of movement of the article (Fig. 6). To control the specified angle 16, the unit 50 contains (optionally) an angular or linear encoder 51, and (optionally) an electric drive 52 of the mechanism for changing the angle 16 with a position fixing function (Fig. 6).

[0274] In certain embodiments of the invention, the device comprises5 a mechanism 53 for moving the product 8 (Fig. 5) with a platform 54 on which WO 2025 / 005899 PCT / UA2O23 / OOOO32

[0275] 46, the formed article 8 is secured, connected to the electric drive 55 containing the electric motor 56 and the gearbox 57. In this case, the surface 58 of the platform 54, on which the formed article 8 is secured, is parallel to the surface of the window 4 facing the source 7 of actinic radiation 5 of the container 2 for placing the photopolymer 3.

[0276] In certain cases of implementing the device and method, the transparent window 4 having a stepped surface 6 facing the fluoropolymer 3, the container 2 for accommodating the liquid photopolymer 3 is located below the container 2 and the projection is carried out from below (Fig. 5, 6, 7, 10, 11).

[0277] In other cases of implementing the device and method, the transparent window 4 having a stepped surface 6 facing the fluoropolymer 3, the container 2 of the construction for placing the liquid photopolymer 3 is located on top of the container 2 of the construction and the projection is carried out from above (not shown in the figures).

[0278] In certain embodiments of the invention, the device contains a DLP projector 59 (Fig. 5, 6, 7, 10, 11) as a source 7 of actinic radiation.

[0279] In some cases, a DLP projector 59 containing two or more radiation sources with different wavelengths capable of exhibiting multi-color images of sections can be used as a source 7 of actinic radiation 5.

[0280] In some cases of execution, the device contains a source 7 of actinic radiation 5 with spatial modulation and can be made in the form of a laser scanning device 60 (Fig. 6), which contains at least one laser source. In this case, the composition of the said device may include two or more different sources of laser radiation with different wavelengths, combined (optionally) into a common beam, by means of, for example, prisms (not shown in the figures). Designs and methods of such combination are well known to specialists in this field of technology.

[0281] In other cases of implementing the device, a combination of at least one DLP projector 59 and at least one laser scanning device 60 is used as a source 7 of actinic radiation 5 with spatial modulation (Fig. 6).

[0282] In other cases of the device implementation, an LCD panel with a backlight 5 of collimated actinic radiation (not shown in the figures) is used as a source of actinic radiation 5 with spatial modulation. In certain cases of implementation, the device additionally contains a source 61 of actinic radiation 5 that does not have a spatial modulation function (an unmodulated source of actinic radiation) and has a wavelength different from the wavelength of the source with spatial modulation (Fig. 6). Similar devices are described in US Patent No. US10935891B2, as well as in US Patent No. US5236326A.

[0283] In certain cases of the implementation of the device, the transparent window 4 having a stepped surface 6 facing the fluoropolymer 3 of the container 2 of the structure for placing the liquid photopolymer 3 is made permeable to oxygen, for example from an amorphous fluoropolymer, as described in US Patent No. US9205601B2, or from a fluoroelastomer, as described in US Patent No. US5122441A.

[0284] Also, a material with low surface energy, such as a fluoropolymer or polymethylpentene, can be used as the material of the transparent window 4 of the tank 2 of the structure.

[0285] In addition, in certain cases of the implementation of the device, a reagent - a radical polymerization inhibitor - may be included in the composition of the material of the transparent window 4 having a stepped surface 6 facing the fluoropolymer 3, the container 2 built for placing the liquid photopolymer 3.

[0286] In certain embodiments of the design, the transparent window 4 having a stepped surface 6 facing the fluoropolymer, the container 2 of the structure for placing the liquid photopolymer 3, contains an array of microfocusing elements - a converter of the wave front of actinic radiation 5, (not shown in the figures). The use of microfocusing elements in a photopolymer printing device is described in the patent of Ukraine No. UA 123063.

[0287] In certain embodiments of the design, a converter 62 of the wave front of actinic radiation is included in the composition of the transparent window 4, having a stepped surface 6 facing the fluoropolymer 3 of the container 2 of the structure for placing the liquid photopolymer 8, in the form of refractive or reflective surfaces 63 - boundaries between the media, such a window 4 can be manufactured, for example, in the form of a composite structure, by gluing onto a transparent supporting element 27, for example, a glass plate, a film 26, on which a stepped surface is formed, for example from a fluoropolymer, on which steps 14 are formed on one side in accordance with the main feature of the device, and on the side facing the transparent supporting element 27, refractive surfaces 63 are formed. In this case, for gluing it is necessary WO 2025 / 005899 PCT / UA2O23 / OOOO32

[0288] 48 use a transparent adhesive composition 64, the refractive index of which differs from the refractive index of film 26 (Fig. 4).

[0289] The device may also comprise: a pump 65 (Fig. 6) for pumping liquid photopolymer 3, connected via pipelines 49 of photopolymer 3 (Fig. 6) to a tank 2 of the construction for placing liquid photopolymer 3, and to a tank-container 66 (Fig. 6); a mesh filter 67 (Fig. 6) for photopolymer 3, connected via pipelines 49 to a tank 2 of the construction for placing photopolymer 3 and to a tank-container 66; an ultrasonic (optional) sensor 68 (Fig. 6) of the level of liquid photopolymer 3, a sensor 69 (Fig. 6) of the temperature of liquid photopolymer 3, a device 70 for heating and / or cooling photopolymer 3 (Fig. ) in a tank 2, made, for example, in the form of a resistive heater or a Peltier element.

[0290] In certain cases of implementing the invention, the device comprises a unit 71 for cleaning products 8 from residues of uncured photopolymer 3. Unit 71 can5 be made in the form of a set of nozzles 72 (nozzles) connected to a source 73 of compressed gas through a pressure regulator 74 and closed by a tray 75 (Fig. 6) and shields (not shown in the figures).

[0291] In certain cases of implementing the invention, the device contains a means of transporting products 8 at the post-processing stage (not shown in the figures).0 The device contains a control system 76 in the form of a controller based on a microprocessor and / or a general-purpose computer under the control of specialized software (Fig. 6).

[0292] The control system 76 is at least connected to sensors of the level 68 of the photopolymer 3, temperature 69 of the photopolymer 3, encoders 41, 51 of the positions of the mechanisms, devices for heating and / or cooling 70 of the photopolymer 3 and a unit 36 ​​for cooling the coolant, an electric drive 10 for moving the article 8, a pump 65 for pumping the photopolymer 3, sources 7 of actinic radiation 5, other sensors, actuators and indication and display means, usually used in similar systems and well known to specialists in this field of technology. (Fig. 6).

[0293] Description of examples of operation of the device and method of high-speed three-dimensional printing with a structured surface of construction from liquid photopolymer.

[0294] The claimed method is implemented using the claimed device as follows. The container 2 of the structure for placing the photopolymer 3 is filled with the liquid photopolymer 3. By means of the source 7 of actinic radiation 5 with spatial modulation, through a transparent (for actinic radiation 5) window 4 with a stepped surface 6 facing the photopolymer 3, the liquid fluoropolymer 3 is exposed on the sections of the steps 14 parallel to the vector 15 of movement of the support surface 12, which coincides with the vector 15 of movement of the article 8, while the sections 77 of the transition between the steps 14 are not exposed or are shaded (Fig. 2, 3, 4, 8, 9).In this way, a stepped shape of the surface 19 of the formation of the article 8 facing the window 4 is provided, using for this purpose a transparent window 4 containing steps 14 on its surface, and the article 8 is moved during the construction process so that the vector 15 of movement of the article 8 is directed parallel to the surface 13 of the said steps 14, wherein the exposure to actinic radiation 5 is carried out only on the exposed sections 20 of the steps 14 of the surface of the window 4 parallel to the vector 15 of movement of the article 8. The said actions are repeated cyclically, wherein the angle 18 between the vector 15 of movement of the article 8 and the surface of the window 4 facing the source of actinic radiation 7 is acute and is always less than 90°.

[0295] In the embodiment where continuously rewound tape 38 is used to move article 8, exposure begins at section 78 where distance (depth) 79 from the surface of transparent window 4 facing photopolymer 3 to the surface of continuously rewound tape 38 is less than depth 79 of effective penetration of actinic radiation 5 into liquid fluoropolymer 3 (Fig. 8). In this case, in accordance with the invention, article 8 formed from liquid photopolymer 3 is secured on continuously rewound tape 38, which is moved during construction so that vector 15 of movement of article 8 formed from liquid photopolymer 3 is directed at an acute angle 18 to the surface of window 4 facing source 7 of actinic radiation 5, thus forming the first fragment of layer “A” (Fig. 8) of cured photopolymer on the surface of said continuous tape 38.Then the continuous belt 38 (made, for example, in the form of a closed continuous conveyor belt 42) is set in motion and exposure is performed, simultaneously forming the next fragment of layer "A" and the first fragment of layer "B". The described actions are repeated to form the first fragment of layer "C", while exposure is performed for three fragments, and then the described actions are repeated cyclically, and the area of ​​the exposure zone is increased as WO 2025 / 005899 PCT / UA2O23 / OOOO32.

[0296] 50 advancement of the product (Fig. 8). In this case, during the movement, the formed part of the product 8 slides along the surface 13 of the steps 14 parallel to the support surface 12, and uncured photopolymer 8 enters the exposure zone from the unexposed (shaded) areas 21.

[0297] In other cases, the article 8 is moved continuously and the sequence of sections is continuously exposed, observing the condition of the superiority of the distance (depth) 79 of penetration of actinic radiation into the photopolymer 3 over the distance to the formed surface of the article 8. In such a case, the influx of photopolymer 3 from non-exposed (shaded) areas 21 into the exposure zone occurs continuously - such a construction mode is the fastest.

[0298] For all modes of movement of the product 8, only the formed surface 19 of the product 8 slides along the surface 13 of the steps parallel to the supporting surface 12 and the product 8 does not separate from the surface 13 of the steps 14, and part of the photopolymer 3 on each elementary section 21 always remains unexposed.

[0299] The force required to move product 8 in sliding mode is 20-25 times less than the force required to move product 8 in lifting mode.

[0300] Thus, when implementing the method of high-speed three-dimensional printing with a structured surface of construction from liquid photopolymer and using the claimed device, at a minimum, the following is carried out:

[0301] - exposure of the section of the formed product 8 to actinic radiation 7, directed onto the surface of the liquid photopolymer 3, limited by a window 4 transparent to such radiation, having a stepped shape facing the photopolymer, which forms the surface 19 of the construction of the product 8;

[0302] - curing of liquid photopolymer 3 within the exposed section of the formed product 8,

[0303] - movement of the formed article 8, fixed on the movable support surface 12, made, for example, in the form of a continuously rewound tape 38 or a mechanism 53 connected to the platform 54, in the direction from the transparent window 4, wherein the formed article 8, fixed on the movable support surface 12, is moved during the construction process, and the curing is carried out exclusively on the surface 13 of the steps 14 parallel to the direction of the vector 15 of movement of the support WO 2025 / 005899 PCT / UA2O23 / OOOO32

[0304] 51 surface 12 (which coincides with the movement vector of product 8), while the surface 19 of the construction of product 8 has a stepped shape (Fig. 8).

[0305] In various cases of implementing the method, the acute angle 18 between the vector 15 of movement of the product 8 and the surface of the window 4 facing the source 7

[0306] 5 actinic radiation 5 is preferably from less than 90° to 45° or from 45° to 25°, or from 25° to 2.5°, or from 2.5° to 0.1°, but not limited to this (Fig. 2, 3).

[0307] In various cases of implementing the method, the length of the unexposed (shaded) sections 21 is extended to the section 77 of the transition between the steps 14 and to the part 81 of section 13 of the step parallel to the vector 15 of movement of the article 8 at a distance of from 0.1 to 99% of the length of the said section 13 of the step 14. Increasing the unexposed sections 21 is useful in the case of using viscous photopolymer compositions 3 to facilitate their inflow into the zone of exposed sections 20 (Figs. 3, 4, 8, 9). 5 In various cases of implementing the method, the flow of photopolymer composition 3 is ensured from the unexposed (shaded) sections 21 to the exposure zone located above the exposed sections 20 - when the article 8 is moved, the photopolymer composition 3 located in the container 2 moves under the action of the atmospheric pressure force in the expanding channels 80.0 Expanding channels 80 are formed by surfaces 77 of transitions between steps 14, unexposed surfaces 21, sections 81 located on part of steps 14 and surface 19 of formed part of product 8 (Fig. 8, 9).

[0308] In various cases of implementing the method, the length of the steps 14 is from 5 less than 25 μm to 100 μm or from 100 μm to 1000 μm, or from 1 mm to 10 mm or more, and the height of the steps 14 is from less than 25 μm to 250 μm or more.

[0309] In various cases of implementing the method, the shape of the unexposed (shaded) sections 21 on the surface of the window 4 ensures the presence of an additional, unexposed volume of photopolymer composition 3 at the beginning of each step 14. This is realized by the presence of depressions 23 at the beginning of each step 14, the presence of the additional volume facilitates the flow of photopolymer 3 into the exposure zone to the exposed sections 20 (Fig. 3, 8, 9)

[0310] In cases of implementing the method, when the device contains an air system 29 for removing heat from the window 4, the window 4 is cooled by blowing air 5 on the surface of the window 4 facing the source 7 of actinic radiation 5, from WO 2025 / 005899 PCT / UA2O23 / OOOO32

[0311] 52 fans 31 with a guide apparatus 32 and removing heated air outside the device (Fig. 6).

[0312] In cases of implementing the method, when the device contains a liquid system 29 for removing heat from the window 4, the window 4 is cooled by pumping a liquid heat carrier 30 through a sealed chamber 33 for removing heat with circulation through a cooling unit 36 ​​of the heat carrier 30 (Fig. 11). In this case, the heat carrier 30 is cooled in an air-liquid radiator or with the help of an active cooler, for example, a Peltier element (not shown in the figures).

[0313] In a preferred embodiment of the method using the device, the movable support surface 12 is a continuously rewound tape 38 or a continuously rewound closed tape 38 of the conveyor 42. In this case, the formed product 8 is fixed on the support surface 12 in the form of a continuously wound tape 38, and said support surface 12 is moved by rewinding the tape 38 at an angle of 16 to the surface of the window 4 5 facing the source 7 of actinic radiation 5 (Fig. 6, 7, 10, 11).

[0314] In another embodiment of the method using a device where the movable support surface 12 is a platform 54 (Fig. 5), to start the printing process the platform 54 is positioned parallel to the surface of the window 4 facing the source 7 of actinic radiation 5 at such a distance from the construction surface 19 to the support surface 12 that is less than the depth 79 of effective penetration of actinic radiation 5 into the liquid photopolymer 3, and the printing process is started by exposing the cross-section of the product 8 simultaneously for all exposed sections 20 of the steps 14. That is, the support surface 12 is not parallel to the surface 13 of the steps 14, and only the condition 5 of parallelism of the vector 15 of movement of the support surface 12 to the surface 13 of the steps 14 is met (Fig. 8).

[0315] In other cases of implementing the method, the continuous belt 38 additionally transports the consumable base 43 for constructing the products 8 or the built-in components 44 of the products 8 (Fig. 10).

[0316] In individual cases of implementing the production method and device, when a continuous consumable base 43 - tape - carrier is used as a carrier for the formed article 8, the transportation of said tape - carrier is carried out by means of a mechanism 46, and the formation of articles 8 is carried out on the surface of the continuous consumable base 43 tape - 5 carrier (Fig. 7). Tape - carrier 43 can be, for example, but not limited to, a tape made of polyethylene terephthalate or another material suitable in quality and properties, for example, composite plastic.

[0317] Preferably, the carrier tape 43 should be moderately rigid and flexible.

[0318] In individual cases of implementing the production method and device, by means of a mechanism 45 for placing components 44 built into products 8 on a continuous tape 38, components 44 are placed on said tape 38 (Fig. 11). For example, components 44 can be marking tags, sensors or microchips. The fixing of said components 44 is performed by means of local exposure of a photopolymer surrounding said components 44 with actinic radiation 5, and the exposure of products 8 is performed in such a way that said components 44 are built into products 8 (an additional source of exposure is not shown in the figures).

[0319] In addition, the continuous belt 38 in some individual cases additionally transports a consumable base 43 for constructing articles 8, which can be a film, mesh, fabric, a group of parallel fibers, a solid or perforated metal foil, or a composition of the above, which can ensure the formation of articles 8 with special properties, facilitate the separation of articles 8 from the belt 38 from elastic polymers and / or polymers having high adhesion properties. The consumable bases 43 for constructing can contain markings, form detachable or non-detachable layers on the articles 8, or contain built-in components 44 of the articles.

[0320] In some cases, the consumable base 43 for constructing the articles 8 is formed by applying a photopolymer composition to a continuous tape 38, followed by exposing said composition to actinic radiation 5. In this case, the properties and composition of such a composition differ from the properties of the photopolymer 3 used for constructing the articles 8, and in this embodiment, the consumable base is a polymer film, and the formation of the base 43 on the surface of the tape 38 is carried out outside the container 2 (not shown in the figures).

[0321] In the process of constructing the formed article 8, the continuous tape 38 is moved (rewound) together with the formed articles 8 secured to the movable support surface 12 of the tape 38. In this case, the formed articles 8, held on the said tape 38 by adhesive forces, are then moved from the construction container 2 to the zone of removal of uncured photopolymer 3. In another example of implementing the method using the device, the process of unidirectional construction of the article 8 is implemented with continuous movement of the article 8 and continuous exposure of the sequence of sections of the formed article 8. Such a method ensures the highest productivity.

[0322] Also, when implementing the production method using the device, the process of constructing the product 8 with progressive movement and breaks between exposures of the sections of the formed product 8 can be implemented. Such a method can be useful, for example, when using photopolymer compositions 3 with a long gelation time.

[0323] In some cases of implementing the method using the device, at least sections of two products 8 are exposed simultaneously; in the preferred embodiment, for maximum productivity, the maximum possible number of sections of products 8 should be in the exposure process (Fig. 6).

[0324] In certain embodiments of the invention, when implementing the manufacturing method using the device, to facilitate the sliding of the article 8 along the material of the window 4, a surfactant with a high ability to distribute at the phase boundary is used as an additive to the photopolymer composition, for example, poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate or polypropylene glycol) methacrylate (but not limited to). These surface-active oligomers with terminal polymerization-active functionality, due to limited compatibility and reduced molecular mobility, have the ability to immobilize at the phase boundary and distribute in the interphase region with a decrease in mutual friction between the phases.The terminal functionality of oligopropylene glycol methacrylate makes it possible to carry out structural modification and influence its surface activity, the nature of distribution in the interphase region and the surface friction forces between the phases; according to another solution, poly (dimethylsiloxane), poly (dimethylsiloxane-co-diphenyl siloxane) or holy (dimethylsiloxane), bis (hydroxyalkyl) can be used as slip additives.These siloxane oligomers and oligomeric surfactants with dual lyophilic functionality, which are thermodynamically incompatible with acrylate matrices, have a high ability to distribute at the phase boundary and reduce interfacial friction during the layer-by-layer formation of most polymeric materials; the terminal functional groups of some siloxane oligomers make it possible to carry out structural modification in order to change the surface activity, the features of their distribution in the interfacial region and optimize the interfacial surface layer.

[0325] In other embodiments of the invention, when implementing the manufacturing method, in order to facilitate the sliding of the article 8 during movement and to reduce the adhesion force of the formed article 8 to the transparent window 4, inhibition of the boundary layer of the photopolymer 3 is used: oxygen inhibition of the boundary layer of the photopolymer 3, or photonic inhibition of the boundary layer of the photopolymer 3, or transformation of the wave front of actinic radiation 5, or chemical inhibition of the boundary layer of the photopolymer 3, or multi-wave photopolymerization.

[0326] In another example of implementing the method using the device, the presence of a layer of uncured photopolymer 3 on the surface of the transparent window 4 of the container 2 of the structure is ensured by the fact that the photopolymer 3 contains a photoinhibitor (i.e. photonic inhibition of the boundary layer of the photopolymer 3 is used, which is activated by the second source 7 of actinic radiation 5 (an unmodulated source 7 of actinic radiation 5), wherein the intensity of the actinic radiation 5 activating the photoinhibitor is selected such that the depth (distance) of the penetration layer of the said radiation into the photopolymer 3 is less than the penetration distance of the actinic radiation 5 causing curing of the photopolymer 3. Overcoming adhesion by the photoinhibition method is described in US Patent No. US10935891B2, as well as in US Patents No. US5236326A, No. US11174326B2.The wavelength of the radiation curing the photopolymer 3 may be (optionally), for example, 455 or 470 nm, the wavelength of the radiation activating the photoinhibitor may be 365 or 385 nm, but is not limited to this. Various compounds can be used as photoinhibitors, for example, the use of nitroaromatic compounds as photoinhibitors of radical polymerization is described in US Patent No. US4269933A, the use of hexaarylbiimidazole compounds as inhibitors of radical polymerization is described in US Patent No. US11174326B2, the use of thiramtetraethylthiuram disulfide (TEDS) as a photoinhibitor is described in US Patent US10166725B2.

[0327] The presence of a layer of uncured photopolymer 3 on the surface of a transparent window 4, having a stepped surface 6 facing the photopolymer 3, can be ensured by including a radical polymerization inhibitor, for example, benzoquinone or hydroquinone, in the composition of the material of the window 4 or its coating.

[0328] The presence of a layer of uncured photopolymer 3 can be ensured by the fact that the transparent window 4 of the container 2 for accommodating the photopolymer 3 is made permeable to oxygen, and the photopolymer 3 closest to the window is inhibited by oxygen, as described in US Patent No. US9205601B2, or as described in US Patent No. US5122441A. In this way, oxygen inhibition of the boundary layer of photopolymer 3 is used.

[0329] In another case of implementing the method using a device, in order for a portion of the liquid photopolymer 3 near the surface of the transparent window 4 to remain unexposed and to maintain mobility in the nearest thin layer on the surface of the transparent window 4, by means of microfocusing elements (not shown in the figures) built into the window structure, the power of actinic radiation 5 is redistributed, as described in Ukrainian patent No. UA 123063.

[0330] In another case of implementing the method using a device for increasing the efficiency of using the source 7 of actinic radiation 5, the wave front transformation of actinic radiation 5 is used in combination with software transformation of the sections of articles 8. Refraction and / or reflection of a part of the said light flux onto the exposed sections 20 of the surface subject to exposure (Fig. 4) ensures an increase in the efficiency of using the light flux of the source 7 of actinic radiation 5. In order to ensure the correct resulting projection, the initial projection is subject to software processing in such a way that the elementary sections of the projection (image pixels) subject to refraction and / or reflection contain information of those sections of the projection of the section of the article 8 to which they will be redirected.This increases the specific power of the light flux in the exposed areas 20 subject to exposure, which increases the curing speed of the photopolymer 3 and, accordingly, increases productivity (Fig. 4).

[0331] In the preferred embodiment of the method using the device, the elements providing mechanical coupling of the product 8 with the movable support surface 12 and with each other (support elements) are objects of parametric design and are automatically modeled by means of the printer software - parametric modeling objects are used, the algorithmic descriptions of which can be performed in the form of calculated functions or in the form of pre-developed elementary three-dimensional models - primitives. Fast calculation of the said functions or arrangement of primitives saves computing power and allows products to be prepared for printing synchronously with the printing process, eliminating the operator's work and the influence of subjective factors on quality.

[0332] In a preferred embodiment of the method, the transfer of data on three-dimensional models to the device software, slicing of said three-dimensional models and the formation of three-dimensional printing projects are carried out without interrupting the production process; for this purpose, the print queue is formed in series of geometrically similar products 8; such unification of the process of preparing product models for printing allows for its effective automation, reducing the time for data processing, eliminating the work of the operator and the influence of subjective factors on quality.

[0333] To implement the method, slicing of three-dimensional models is performed at an angle of less than 90° to 0.1° to the vector 15 of movement of the product 8 - to ensure construction in accordance with such actions of the claimed method, during splicing, an angle is selected corresponding to the angle between the vector 15 of movement of the product and the surface of the window 4 facing the source 7 of actinic radiation 5.

[0334] To implement the method, a software transformation of the sections of the product 8 is carried out, selecting the position and length of the unexposed (shaded) sections 21 so that the said sections 21 include transitions 77 between the steps 14 and / or, adding duplicate lines to the projection, in accordance with the parameters of the wavefront converter - to ensure the correct resulting projection of the section of the product 8, the original projection is subject to software processing in such a way that the elementary sections of the projection of the section of the product 8 (image pixels) subject to refraction and, or reflection, contain information of those sections to which they will be redirected (Fig. 4).

[0335] To control and maintain the level of liquid photopolymer 3, a level sensor 68 of liquid photopolymer 3 is used. In accordance with the data of said sensor 68 (Fig. 6), a pump 65 for pumping liquid photopolymer 3 is switched on and off, connected by pipelines 49 to the tank 2 of the build and to the tank - container 66 (Fig. 6). A mesh filter 67 for liquid photopolymer 3 catches fragments and clots of hardened photopolymer 3, which can interfere with the normal operation of the device and the implementation of the method.

[0336] To maintain a given temperature regime of the liquid photopolymer in the container 2 of the structure, a heating and / or cooling device 70 is used, for example, a resistive heating element or a Peltier element.

[0337] Data from the sensor 69 of the temperature of the liquid photopolymer 3, installed in the container 2 of the construction, are processed by the control system 76, which issues commands to turn on and off the heating or cooling of the liquid photopolymer 3.

[0338] After moving the article 8 from the building container 2 to the zone for removing uncured photopolymer 3, such uncured photopolymer 3 is removed by blowing compressed gas over the articles 8 located on the continuous belt 38 through a group of nozzles / sprays 72 connected to a source 73 of compressed gas. Splashes of photopolymer 3 flow from the protective shields and tray 75 into the building container 2 (Fig. 6).

[0339] When the continuous belt 38 rotates around the drive roller of the movement mechanism 37, the products 8, which have less flexibility than the belt 38, are separated from the continuous belt 38 (conveyor) and are transferred to the conveyor of the post-processing unit or into a receiving container (not shown in the figures).

[0340] In certain cases of implementing the production method using the device, the continuous consumable carrier tape 43 (which is the carrier of the products 8 placed on it) with finished products 8 can be wound into a roll or cut into fragments.

[0341] The control system 76 of the device based on a microprocessor and / or a general-purpose computer under the control of specialized software transfers data on three-dimensional models of products 8 to the 3D printer software, slices said three-dimensional models and forms three-dimensional printing projects without interrupting the production process. Elements that provide mechanical coupling of product 8 with the movable support surface 12 and with each other (support elements) are also objects of parametric design, and they are automatically modeled by means of the printer software.

[0342] The control system 76 also ensures the maintenance of process modes by collecting data from temperature sensors 69, level 68, angular positions (encoders 41, 51), and other devices, parts, and further transmission of commands to actuators: electric drives 39, 55, 56 of the conveyor, pumps 65, sources 7 of actinic radiation 5 and other elements and systems, depending on the specific implementation of the device (Fig. 6).

[0343] The proposed method of high-speed three-dimensional printing of products with a structured surface of construction from liquid photopolymer, and the device for its implementation are united by a single creative concept, and have undergone extensive testing during their experimental production, implementation and operation.

[0344] The test results showed that the design of the proposed invention allows for the creation of a device for high-speed three-dimensional printing of products from liquid photopolymer with a structured construction surface, which allows for an increase in production speed, improvement in the quality of manufactured products, an increase in the productivity of the entire process, and expansion of the functional capabilities of the device.

[0345] The test results also showed that the proposed method of high-speed three-dimensional printing of products with a structured surface of construction from liquid photopolymer, using a device for its implementation, also allows to increase the production speed, improve the quality of manufactured products, increase the productivity of the entire process and expand the functionality of the device.

[0346] Additional, developing features of the method and device make it possible to strengthen and diversify the achievements of technical results in various individual cases of the implementation and execution of the invention.

[0347] The described examples of specific implementation of the proposed invention and its use are the best examples of industrial implementation.

[0348] The proposed method of high-speed three-dimensional printing of products with a structured surface of construction from liquid photopolymer, and the device for its implementation, comply with all requirements for operation, application and generally accepted safety rules for the operation of such devices and technological processes.

Claims

WO 2025 / 005899 PCT / UA2O23 / OOOO32 60 CLAUSES OF THE INVENTION 1. A method for high-speed three-dimensional printing of articles from a liquid photopolymer cured by actinic radiation, which method comprises exposing a section of the article being formed (8) to actinic radiation (5) directed onto the surface of the liquid photopolymer (3) limited by a window (4) of the build container (2) that is transparent for such radiation (5), which forms the build surface (19) of the article (8), curing the liquid photopolymer (3) within the exposed section of the article being formed (8), moving the article being formed (8), secured to a movable support surface (12), in the direction from the transparent window (4), changing the projection of the section and cyclically repeating the said actions, wherein the value of the angle (18) between the vector (15) of movement of the article (8) and the surface of the window (4) facing the source (7) of actinic radiation (5) is less than 90°, characterized in that a stepped shape of the surface (19) of forming the article (8) facing the window (4) is provided,using for this a window (4) containing steps (14) on its surface, and the article (8) is moved during the construction process so that the vector (15) of movement of the article (8) is directed parallel to the surface (13) of said steps (14), while exposure to actinic radiation (5) is carried out only on the exposed sections (20) of the steps (14) 5 of the window surface (4) parallel to the vector (15) of movement of the article (8), and the sections (77) of transitions between the steps (14) of the window surface (4) are not exposed (shaded)., 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle (18) between the vector (15) of movement of the article (8) and the surface of the window (4) facing the source (7) of actinic radiation (5) is from less than 90° to 45° or from 45° to 25°, or from 25° to 2.5°, or from 2.5° to 0.1°.

3. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the extent of the non-exposed (shaded) sections (21) is extended to the section (77) of the transition between the steps of the surface (14) of the window (4) and to a part of the section (81) of the step of the surface5 (14) of the window (4) parallel to the vector (15) of movement of the product (8) at a distance from WO 2025 / 005899 PCT / UA2O23 / OOOO32 61 0.1 to 99% of the length of the specified section (81) of the step (14) parallel to the vector (15) of movement of the product (8).

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that photopolymer (3) is supplied from the volume of photopolymer (3) above the non-exposed (shaded) areas (21) to the exposure zones of the exposed areas (20).

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the step (14) of the window (4) is from 10 μm to 100 μm or from 100 μm to 1000 μm, or from 1 mm to 10 mm, or more, the height of the step (14) of the window (4) is from less than 25 μm to 250 μm or more.

6. The method according to any one of paragraphs 1, 3, characterized in that the shape of the unexposed (shaded) sections (21) of the surface of the window (4) ensures the presence of an additional, unexposed volume of photopolymer composition (3) at the beginning of each step (14) of the window (4).

7. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the window (4) is additionally cooled5 by supplying and removing a liquid or gaseous coolant (30).

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable support surface (12) is a continuously rewindable tape (38) or a continuously rewindable closed tape (38), wherein the process of constructing the product (8) being formed begins with the exposure of a limited area (78) of the section 0 of the product (8) being formed, where the distance from the construction surface (19) to the support surface (12) corresponds to the distance (depth) (79) of effective penetration of actinic radiation (5) into the liquid photopolymer (3), and the exposure zone is increased by the next steps (14) of the window (4) as the product (8) moves. 5 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the continuous tape (38) additionally transports the consumable base (43) for constructing the products (8) or the components (44) built into the products (8).

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it implements a process of unidirectional construction of the product (8) with continuous movement of the product (8) and continuous exposure of a sequence of sections of the formed product (8).

11. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it implements the process of constructing the product (8) with progressive movement and breaks between exposures of the sections of the formed product (8). 5 12. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that they simultaneously expose, WO 2025 / 005899 PCT / UA2O23 / OOOO32 62 at least the cross-section of two products (8).

13. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to improve the sliding of the product (8) on the window material (4), a surface-active substance with a high ability to distribute at the phase boundary is used as an additive to the photopolymer composition (3).

14. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to improve the sliding of the article (8) during movement and to reduce the adhesion force of the formed article (8) to the transparent window (4), inhibition of the boundary layer of the photopolymer (3) is used: oxygen inhibition of the boundary layer of the photopolymer (3), or photonic inhibition of the boundary layer of the photopolymer (3), or transformation of the wave front of actinic radiation (5) or chemical inhibition of the boundary layer of the photopolymer (3), or multi-wave photopolymerization.

15. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that in order to increase the efficiency of using the source (7) of actinic radiation (5), the transformation of the wave front of actinic radiation (5) in the form of reflection and refraction is used, in combination with software transformation of the sections of the products (8).

16. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the elements that provide mechanical coupling of the product (8) with the movable support surface (12) and with each other (support elements) are objects of parametric design, and they are automatically modeled by means of the device’s software.

17. The method according to any of paragraphs 1, 15, 16, characterized in that the transfer of data on three-dimensional models to the device software, slicing of said three-dimensional models and the formation of three-dimensional printing projects are carried out without interrupting the production process.

18. The method according to any of paragraphs 1, 16, 17, characterized in that slicing of three-dimensional models is performed at an angle of less than 90° to 0.1° to the vector (15) of movement of the product (8).

19. The method according to any one of paragraphs 1, 15, 16, 17, 18, characterized in that the software transformation of the sections of the products (8) is carried out by selecting the position and length of the unexposed sections (21) so that the said sections (21) include transitions (77) between the steps (14), and / or adding duplicate lines to the projection in accordance with the parameters of the reflective and / or refractive surfaces (63) of the converter (62) of the wave front 5 of actinic radiation (5). WO 2025 / 005899 PCT / UA2O23 / OOOO32 63 20. A device for continuous flow production of articles by a method of high-speed three-dimensional printing from a liquid photopolymer cured by actinic radiation, comprising: a build container (2) for placing a liquid photopolymer (3) with a window (4) transparent for actinic radiation (5), a source (7) of actinic radiation (5) with spatial modulation, intended for exposing sections of the formed article (8) to the surface of the liquid photopolymer (3), limited by the said window (4), a mechanism for moving (9) the formed article (8) with an electric drive (10) and a support surface (12) for placing the formed article (8), located at an acute angle to the surface of the window (4) forming the build surface, characterized in that the surface of the window (4), facing the photopolymer (3), is made stepped, wherein one surface (13) of the steps (14) of the window (4) is parallel to the vector (15) of movement of the support surface (12), on which the formed article is fixed (8),and the angle (22) between the said 5 surface of the step (14) and the surface of the window (4) facing the source (7) of actinic radiation (5) is equal to the angle (18) between the vector (15) of movement of the support surface (12) and the surface of the window (4) facing the source (7) of actinic radiation (5), and has a value less than 90°.

21. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that the angle (18) between the vector (15)0 of movement of the support surface (12) and the surface of the window (4) facing the source (7) of actinic radiation (5) is from less than 90° to 45° or from 45° to 25°, or from 25° to 2.5°, or from 2.5° to 0.1°.

22. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that the length of the steps (14) on the surface of the window (4) transparent to actinic radiation in the building container (2) for placing the liquid photopolymer (3) is from less than 25 μm to 100 μm or from 100 μm to 1000 μm, or from 1 mm to 10 mm or more, the height of the step (14) is from 10 μm to 100 μm, or from 100 μm to 250 μm or more.

23. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that at the beginning of each step (14) on the surface of the window (4) transparent for actinic radiation (5) in the container 0 of the structure (2) for placing the liquid photopolymer (3) a recess (23) is made, the depth of which is from 10 μm to 100 μm, or from 100 μm to 1000 μm, or from 1 mm to 5 mm or more, and the width of which is from less than 25 μm to 500 μm, or from 0.5 mm to 5 mm or more.

24. The device according to paragraph 20, 22, 23, characterized in that the unexposed section WO 2025 / 005899 PCT / UA2O23 / OOOO32 64 (21) at the beginning of each step (14) on the surface of the window (4) transparent to actinic radiation in the building container (2) for placing the liquid photopolymer (3) contains a mask (24) made of a material opaque to actinic radiation (5), wherein, in the case of the presence of a recess (23), said mask (24) extends over the entire length of the recess (23) at the beginning of the step (14) excluding the exposure of said non-exposed section (21) to actinic radiation (5).

25. A device according to any one of paragraphs 20 - 24, characterized in that the window (4) is a composite layered structure (25).

26. A device according to any of paragraphs 20 - 24, characterized in that the window (4) is made in the form of a monolithic element (28).

27. A device according to any one of paragraphs 20-26, characterized in that it contains a system (29) for removing heat from the window (4) with circulation of a liquid or gaseous coolant (30).

28. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that the mechanism (9) for moving the formed product (8) is made in the form of a mechanism (37) for moving a continuous belt (38) and / or the continuous belt (38) is a closed conveyor belt (42), wherein said continuous belt (38) is a supporting surface (12) for placing the formed product (8).

29. A device according to any one of paragraphs 20, 28, characterized in that the continuous tape (38) is designed with the possibility of transporting an additional consumable base (43) for constructing products (8) or components (44) built into products (8).

30. A device according to any one of paragraphs 20, 28, 29, characterized in that it contains a supporting magnetic5 or electromagnetic plate (47) as a support-stabilizer for the continuous belt (38), and the continuous belt (38) is made of a material with ferromagnetic properties.

31. A device according to any one of paragraphs 20-27, characterized in that it contains a mechanism (9) for moving the product (8) in the form of a mechanism (53) with a platform (54) on which the product being formed (8) is secured, wherein the surface of the platform (54) on which the product being formed (8) is secured is parallel to the surface of the window (4) facing the source (7) of actinic radiation (5) of the container (2) of the structure for placing the liquid photopolymer (3).

32. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that at least one DLP projector (59) is used as a source (7) of actinic radiation (5) with spatial modulation.

33. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that a laser scanning device (60) containing at least one laser source is used as a source (7) of actinic radiation (5) with spatial modulation.

34. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that a combination of at least one DLP projector (59) and at least one laser scanning device (60) is used as a source (7) of actinic radiation (5) with spatial modulation.

35. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that at least one LCD panel with a backlight of collimated actinic radiation (5) is used as a source (7) of actinic radiation (5) with spatial modulation.

36. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that in addition to the source (7) of actinic radiation (5) with spatial modulation, it contains a silent source (61) of actinic radiation (5), the wavelength of which differs from the wavelength of the source of actinic radiation (5) with spatial modulation.

37. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that the material used for the transparent window (4) of the build container (2) for placing the liquid photopolymer (3) is a material permeable to oxygen and / or a material with low surface energy.

38. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that the composition of the material of the transparent window (4) of the container (2) for accommodating the liquid photopolymer (3) includes a reagent - a radical polymerization inhibitor.

39. The device according to paragraphs 20-26, characterized in that the transparent window (4) of the container (2) for accommodating the liquid photopolymer (3) includes a converter of the wave front of actinic radiation (5), in the form of arrays of focusing elements and / or refractive or reflective surfaces (63) and / or boundaries between media.

40. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that the control system (76) used is a microprocessor-based controller or a general-purpose computer controlled by specialized software.

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