Pneumatic seeder

Abstract

A pneumatic seeder comprises at least an air flow generating module (1) configured to be capable of generating a flow of pre-compressed air for firing seeds and / or fertilizer-coated seeds and / or fertilizer particles (24) into the soil from a seed chamber (3) via a seed-guiding air duct (4) connected thereto, said chamber also being connected to a seed conduit (2). The pneumatic seeder further comprises at least one tank (5) connected to at least one seed conduit (2) and containing seeds and / or fertilizer-coated seeds and / or fertilizer particles (24), and a soil density gauging device (6) configured to be capable of transmitting soil density data to a module (7) for determining the speed and / or intensity of the flow of pre-compressed air, said module being configured to be capable of determining the speed and / or intensity of the flow of pre-compressed air required to fire seeds and / or fertilizer-coated seeds and / or fertilizer particles (24) into the soil according to the soil density and of sending data about the speed and / or intensity of the flow of pre-compressed air to a control module (8). The control module (8) is configured to be capable of regulating the speed and / or intensity of the flow of pre-compressed air generated by the air flow generating module (1) according at least to the soil density.

Description

[0001] Pneumatic seeder

[0002] The invention relates to pneumatic seeders, namely to pneumatic seeders that are designed with the possibility of planting seeds directly into the soil by their point injection into the soil thickness by a stream of compressed air, and can be used for sowing seeds, including those mixed with fertilizers or in a fertilizer coating, into pre-loosened soil, soil having a high moisture content, including soil covered with water, into soil consisting of finely dispersed particles or into mulched soil, etc.

[0003] A pneumatic seeder is known from the prior art (patent for invention CN 101743797 B, IPC A01C 7 / 18, published on 25.04.2012), including a support frame with four wheels connected to it and a means of movement, a control module located on the support frame, connected to a stepper motor, connected to a means for activating a seeding device, containing a means for taking in and compressing air, connected through a valve to an intermediate air duct, connected to a seed chamber, connected to an exhaust air duct, and also includes a container with seeds, located on the support frame and connected by a seed duct to the seed chamber.

[0004] The disadvantages of the known analogue are limited functionality, unreliability, and inconvenience of use, caused by the design solution of the constituent elements of the known analogue, in particular, the seeding device and the means of its activation.

[0005] In the known analogue, the parameters of the stepper motor operation preset by the user using the control module have a direct effect on the operation of the seeding device activation means, which essentially causes a mechanical effect on the air intake and compression means of the seeding device. Such a system of kinematically connected devices is unreliable and excessively complicated and can negatively affect seeding as a whole and the operating characteristics of the seeding device, since the seeding device activation means may not work correctly when the known analogue is moving over uneven terrain, at variable speed, with jolts from the user, etc., which accordingly leads to uneven air intake and compression in the future and instability of the compressed air flow formed by the air intake and compression means.In this case, the means for activating the seeding device as a set of movable kinematically connected elements can be easily damaged, for example due to increased wear of the movable component elements.

[0006] At the same time, the air intake and compression device of the seeding device of the known analogue has low power and is actually a pump that mechanically collects air from the environment. Thus, the flow of compressed air that is formed by the said means cannot ensure the supply of seeds into the soil to a significant depth, which narrows the functionality of the known analogue and makes it unreliable when sowing seeds into soil, the density of which requires significant efforts for the seeds to penetrate it.In this case, the regulation of the force and / or power of the compressed air flow in the known analogue is not ensured by the operation of any means or device, since the control module, stepper motor and the components of the known analogue connected to it are intended solely for setting the frequency of operation of the seeding device and, accordingly, the distance at which the seeding device sows each seed, and the means for collecting and compressing air is not designed to regulate the force and / or power of the compressed air flow.

[0007] In addition, the operating parameters of the control module and, accordingly, the stepper motor and the means for activating the seeding device when using a known analogue can only be set manually. The specified parameters cannot be changed automatically according to the soil density, its humidity, the angle of inclination relative to the conditional horizontal and other parameters, which creates inconvenience in using the known analogue and the need for constant support of the operation of the known analogue by the user, who has a limited ability to measure the soil density and other parameters that are important for effective and reliable seeding.

[0008] The closest analogue of the claimed invention is a pneumatic seeder (application for invention CN 115380671 A, IPC A01C 7 / 18, A01C 7 / 20, published on 11 / 25 / 2022.), which includes an air flow generation module connected to a compressed air container, configured to generate a flow of pre-compressed air for moving and feeding seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating and / or fertilizer particles into the soil from a seed chamber connected to an outlet air duct and a seed tube, in which at least one control device is located, configured to receive and transmit data on the passage of at least one seed and / or seed in a fertilizer coating and / or fertilizer particles through an inclined seed tube into a seed chamber provided with a means for amplifying the compressed air flow to a control module configured to activate the air flow generation module in accordance with the received data on the passage of at least one seed and / or seed in a fertilizer coating and / or fertilizer particles through the seed tube into the seed chamber.

[0009] The disadvantages of the known analogue are the narrowed functionality, unreliability, inconvenience of use, caused by the composition of the elements of the known analogue and their functional properties, in particular, the properties and functionality of the control module, the air flow generation module and the seed tube. Despite the improvement of the design of the constituent elements of the closest analogue compared to the previous analogue, the closest analogue also does not contain any means and devices intended for regulating the force and / or power of the compressed air flow coming from the compressed air tank to the air flow generation module.Since the force and / or power of the compressed air flow generated in the closest analogue are constant and are not regulated in any way, the seeds, fertilizer particles or their mixture from the seed chamber are shot into the soil with the same force and / or power of the compressed air flow applied to them, which does not correspond to the real need for immersion of seeds or fertilizers into the soil to the required depth with a changing density of the soil itself. Thus, some of the seeds, fertilizer particles or fertilizers with seeds when using the closest analogue may not get into the soil as a whole, despite the air flow enhancement means contained in the closest analogue, which indicates the unreliability of the closest analogue, the inefficiency of its operation and may lead to a useless waste of seeds and fertilizers, which does not ensure the receipt of the seeding result desired by the user of the closest analogue.

[0010] In this case, the strength and / or power of the compressed air flow in the closest analogue is either set manually by the user, which is inconvenient or is completely determined by the hardware characteristics of the components of the air flow generation module. With the invariance of the strength and / or power of the compressed air flow, the closest analogue also does not regulate the flow of seeds and / or fertilizer particles, and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell through the seed tube to the seed chamber, and the fact of said flow, registered by the control device, is essentially the only initiator of the activation of the control module and the air flow generation module.Thus, with the constant filling of the seed chamber with seeds, fertilizer particles or a mixture thereof, which occurs when using the closest analogue, the air flow creation module also operates continuously, which leads to its increased wear and excessive energy consumption, and also does not allow the shooting of seeds and / or fertilizer particles and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell at set intervals in time and / or at a set distance, which narrows the functionality of the closest analogue and makes it unreliable.

[0011] In addition, the closest analogue continues to operate in the case where the density of the soil does not allow the seeds and / or fertilizer particles and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell to penetrate the soil to any depth, for example, when moving the closest analogue through rocky terrain, which can lead to the useless consumption of seeds and / or fertilizer particles and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell, and also causes the need to manually turn off the control module and the air flow generation module when moving the closest analogue over a surface with increased density.At the same time, in the closest analogue, the seeds and / or fertilizer particles and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell may stop moving along the seed duct, for example due to an under-dosed feed from the appropriate container or storage facility and uneven density of the seeds and / or fertilizer particles and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell, which may lead to the closure of the exit from the seed duct, further damage to the seed duct and loss of functionality by the closest analogue, which leads to the need to clean the seed duct and makes the operation of the closest analogue unreliable. In general, the design solution of the constituent elements of the closest analogue does not provide for its use on soil with non-uniform density, which limits the range of fields or other areas of the earth's surface on which the closest analogue can be used, narrows its functionality and makes it such that it can be used only in a limited number of cases.

[0012] The technical task of the claimed invention is to create a new pneumatic seeder that has expanded functionality, increased reliability and ease of use and ensures that seeds fired by a stream of compressed air hit the soil, if necessary to the required depth, with different soil densities with the ability to automatically adapt the operation of the pneumatic seeder to the soil density and its other characteristics.

[0013] The solution to the set technical problem is achieved in that the pneumatic seeder, including at least an air flow generation module, configured to form a flow of pre-compressed air for shooting seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating and / or fertilizer particles into the soil from a seed chamber connected to a seed duct through a seed guide duct connected to it, according to the proposal, contains at least one container with seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating and / or fertilizer particles, connected to at least one seed duct, a device for determining the density of the soil, configured to transmit certain data regarding the density of the soil to a module for determining the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air, configured to determine the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air depending on the density of the soil,necessary for firing seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell and / or fertilizer particles into the soil, and with the possibility of sending data on a certain speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air to the control module, and the control module is designed with the possibility of regulating the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air generated by the air flow generation module, at least depending on the density of the soil.

[0014] Moreover, according to the proposal, at least one container with seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating and / or fertilizer particles is designed with the possibility of portioned feeding of seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating and / or fertilizer particles into the seed chamber through a dispenser.

[0015] Also, according to the proposal, the seeder includes an additional module for creating a pre-compressed air flow, made and installed with the possibility of creating a flow of pre-compressed air and feeding from a container with seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell, and / or fertilizer particles in the created air flow of seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell, and / or fertilizer particles into the seed tube.

[0016] At the same time, according to the proposal, the seeder comprises a base on which at least a container with seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell and / or fertilizer particles, a device for determining soil density, a seed tube and / or a seed guide air duct and / or a seed chamber, a module for determining the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air and / or a control module are installed.

[0017] In addition, according to the proposal, at least one control device is located in the seed tube, configured to receive and transmit data to the control module about the passage of at least one seed and / or a seed in a fertilizer shell, and / or fertilizer particles through the seed tube into the seed chamber, and the control module is configured to activate the air flow generation module in accordance with the received data about the passage of at least one seed and / or a seed in a fertilizer shell, and / or fertilizer particles through the seed tube into the seed chamber.

[0018] In addition, according to the proposal, the seed chamber is provided with a control device capable of receiving and transmitting data to the control module about the receipt of at least one seed and / or a seed in a fertilizer shell, and / or fertilizer particles to the seed chamber, and the control module is capable of activating the air flow generation module in accordance with the received data about the receipt of at least one seed and / or a seed in a fertilizer shell, and / or fertilizer particles through the seed tube into the seed chamber.

[0019] Moreover, according to the proposal, the seeder additionally contains means of transportation and a base in the form of a support frame connected to the means of transportation.

[0020] Also, according to the proposal, the air flow generation module contains an underwater air duct connected to a container with compressed air and connected through an electromagnetic pulse valve to an intermediate air duct connected to the seed chamber.

[0021] At the same time, according to the proposal, the air flow generation module contains an underwater air duct connected to an air compressor and connected through an electromagnetic pulse valve to an intermediate air duct connected to the seed chamber.

[0022] In addition, according to the proposal, the module for determining the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air and the control module are located in a single housing located on the base.

[0023] In addition, according to the proposal, the seed chamber includes or is connected to at least one means for enhancing air flow.

[0024] Moreover, according to the proposal, the seeder is designed with the possibility of directing seeds and / or seeds in a coating of fertilizers and / or fertilizer particles into the seed chamber at set intervals.

[0025] Also, according to the proposal, the seeder is made with a device for forming round particles or granules, including at least one seed and a layer of fertilizer around it.

[0026] At the same time, according to the proposal, the seeder includes a base, on the base there is located at least one device for measuring the level of soil acidity and / or soil temperature and / or soil moisture.

[0027] In addition, according to the proposal, the device for determining the soil density is a penetrometer. In addition, according to the proposal, the seed pipe is installed at an angle.

[0028] Moreover, according to the proposal, the module for determining the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air is designed with the possibility of determining the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air depending on the density of the soil, necessary for firing seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell, and / or fertilizer particles into the soil to the required depth.

[0029] Also, according to the proposal, the seed guide duct is made removable.

[0030] At the same time, according to the proposal, the seed guide duct is made with an inlet opening that is designed with the possibility of adjusting its diameter.

[0031] In addition, according to the proposal, the seeder is designed with the ability to alternately feed seeds and fertilizer particles into the seed chamber.

[0032] In addition, according to the proposal, at least an air flow generation module, at least one seed duct, a seed chamber, a seed guide duct, at least one container with seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell, and / or fertilizer particles, a device for determining soil density, a module for determining the speed and / or power of the pre-compressed air flow and a control module are installed on an unmanned aerial vehicle.

[0033] The technical result consists in increasing the reliability of operation and ensuring the versatility of the declared seeder, ensuring the possibility of adapting the operation of the pneumatic seeder to the density of the soil and its other characteristics, ensuring that the sown seeds get into the soil, if necessary, to the required depth, with different soil densities, expanding and improving functionality, increasing the ease of use by eliminating the need for manual input of the operating parameters of the air flow creation module, ensuring the possibility of introducing fertilizers into the soil to the required depth together with the sown seeds and / or fertilizers separately, which generally increases the efficiency of the declared seeder by improving the quality of sowing and enriching the soil with fertilizers.

[0034] The cause-and-effect relationship between the essential features of the invention and the expected technical result is as follows.

[0035] The above technical result is achieved due to the presence in the declared pneumatic seeder of a device for determining the density of the soil, a module for determining the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air, as well as due to the design improvement of the control module, the seed container and the seed wire.

[0036] The implementation of the claimed pneumatic seeder with a device for determining the soil density, made with the possibility of transmitting certain data regarding the soil density to the module for determining the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air, allows obtaining data on the density of the soil area into which it is necessary to shoot seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell and / or to introduce fertilizer particles, since without such data it is objectively impossible to ensure the said shooting or introduction to the required depth under the soil surface, since the soil density within the area of ​​the field that must be sown can vary significantly. In addition, in certain areas of the field along which the claimed pneumatic seeder is moved, there may be stones or a layer of rocky rock that have too high a density for sowing seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell and / or introducing fertilizer particles into the corresponding area.Thus, the operation of the device for determining the soil density and the transmission of certain data regarding the soil density to the module for determining the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air is the basis for the further efficient operation of the declared pneumatic seeder, ensuring the possibility of adapting the operation of the pneumatic seeder to the soil density and its other characteristics and ensuring an improvement in the quality of sowing and enrichment of the soil with fertilizers.

[0037] In turn, the implementation of the module for determining the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air with the ability to determine the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air depending on the density of the soil required to shoot seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell, and / or fertilizer particles into the soil and with the ability to send data on a certain speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air to the control module allows to expand the functionality of the declared seeder, increase the reliability of its operation and ensure its versatility, provide the ability to adapt the operation of the pneumatic seeder to the density of the soil and its other characteristics, since it allows to further regulate the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air in accordance with certain values ​​of the above quantities required for the reliable entry of seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell,and / or fertilizer particles into the soil as a result of their shooting taking into account the density of said soil. Thus, said module for determining the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air creates conditions for decreasing the speed and / or power of said air flow in the event of a corresponding decrease in the soil density, for increasing the speed and / or power of the above-mentioned air flow in the event of a corresponding increase in the soil density or stopping the creation of a compressed air flow if the soil density values ​​go beyond those at which effective shooting of seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell and / or fertilizer particles into the soil is generally possible.

[0038] The implementation of the control module with the ability to regulate the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air generated by the air flow generation module, at least depending on the soil density, makes it possible to increase the reliability of operation and ensure the versatility of the declared seeder, to ensure that the sown seeds get into the soil, if necessary, to the required depth, with different soil densities, to expand and improve the functionality of the declared seeder, since it makes it possible to practically impart to the flow of pre-compressed air generated by the air flow generation module the speed and / or power that were previously determined by the corresponding determination module.Thus, by sending a response signal from the control module to the air flow generation module, the generation of a pre-compressed air flow is initiated with a speed and / or power necessary and sufficient for shooting seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell, and / or fertilizer particles into the corresponding soil section, the density of which is pre-determined, to the desired depth. As a result of the sequential interaction of the soil density determination device, the module for determining the speed and / or power of the pre-compressed air flow, the control module and the air flow generation module, the seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell, and / or fertilizer particles are shot into the soil with a variable speed and / or power of the pre-compressed air flow in accordance with changes in the density of the soil section along which the declared seeder is moved.

[0039] Thus, seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell and / or fertilizer particles effectively and reliably enter the soil during the entire period of use of the declared seeder, regardless of the type of soil on which it is moved, which makes the declared seeder universal.In this case, all the operations described above, in particular, determining the soil density, determining the speed and / or power of the pre-compressed air flow depending on the soil density required to shoot seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell, and / or fertilizer particles into the soil, sending data on a certain speed and / or power of the pre-compressed air flow to the control module; sending a control signal from the control module to the air flow generation module occur completely automatically and do not require manual control or manual setting of their parameters, which increases the ease of use of the declared seeder and expands its functionality, ensuring automation of its operation.With a constant supply of seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating and / or fertilizer particles from a seed container with seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating and / or fertilizer particles through a seed tube into the seed chamber, the frequency of operation of the air flow generation module is automatically determined in accordance with the frequency of operation of the device for determining the density of the soil for determining the density and transmitting the corresponding data, which also increases the reliability of the declared seeder and makes it convenient to use.

[0040] The implementation of at least one container with seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating and / or fertilizer particles with the possibility of portioned feeding into the seed chamber through a seed dispenser and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating and / or fertilizer particles increases the reliability of the operation of the claimed seeder, expands and improves its functionality, since it makes it possible to completely eliminate the possibility of closing the outlet from the seed tube and creating obstacles in the flow of seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating and / or fertilizer particles from the corresponding container through the seed tube into the seed chamber without stopping the continuous flow of seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating and / or fertilizer particles into the said chamber.Limiting the amount of seeds and / or fertilizer coated seeds and / or fertilizer particles coming from the seed tube also allows for the amount of seeds in the seed chamber to be controlled, eliminating the possibility of the guide tube closing or the possibility of unwanted release of seeds and / or fertilizer coated seeds and / or fertilizer particles from the seed chamber.

[0041] The implementation of the claimed seeder with the ability to direct seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating and / or fertilizer particles into the seed chamber at set intervals, as well as with an additional module for creating a pre-compressed air flow, made and installed with the ability to create a pre-compressed air flow and feed from a container with seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating and / or fertilizer particles in the created air flow of seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating and / or fertilizer particles into the seed duct also makes it possible to make the feed of seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating and / or fertilizer particles into the seed chamber portioned and adjustable, which increases the reliability of the claimed seeder.In addition, if the specified additional module is present, the supply of seeds and / or seeds in a coating of fertilizers and / or fertilizer particles into the seed chamber is ensured with any location and configuration of the container for seeds and / or seeds in a coating of fertilizers and / or fertilizer particles and the seed tube, which makes the design of the declared seeder universal.

[0042] The implementation of the air flow generation module with an underwater air duct connected to a compressed air tank or air compressor and connected through an electromagnetic pulse valve to an intermediate air duct connected to the seed chamber makes it possible to ensure optimal air pressure supplied to the seed chamber while maintaining the required speed and / or power of the pre-compressed air flow, and also to simplify the design of the air flow generation module, eliminating the need for a complex system of guides for the pre-compressed air flow and a complex system of structural elements that ensure air intake from the environment.

[0043] The implementation of the module for determining the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air and the control module located in a single housing located on the base makes it possible to increase the reliability of the declared seeder, since it makes it possible to protect both of the said modules from the harmful effects of negative environmental factors, such as moisture, dust, impacts of solid soil particles due to the movement of the declared seeder at high speed, plant particles, excessive heating or cooling, etc.

[0044] The implementation of the seed chamber with at least one means for increasing the air flow allows to maximally increase the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air entering the seed chamber, allowing to shoot seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell, and / or fertilizer particles into the soil with increased density, which, in turn, ensures the versatility of the declared seeder and the entry of the sown seeds into the soil, if necessary, to the required depth, with different soil densities. At the same time, with an increased flow of pre-compressed air passing through the seed chamber, the said chamber is completely cleaned of seeds and / or fertilizer particles and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell, which also increases the reliability of the declared pneumatic seeder.

[0045] The implementation of the claimed seeder with a device for forming round particles or granules, including at least one seed and a layer of fertilizer around it, also facilitates the passage of seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell, and / or fertilizer particles, which have been given the necessary shape, along the seed tube and through the guide air duct from the seed chamber, which increases the reliability of the claimed seeder. In addition, the presence of the said device increases the reliability and efficiency of seeding as a whole, since it helps protect seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell from negative consequences from impact with the soil and eliminates possible spraying of fertilizer particles outside the soil area intended for their application.

[0046] The implementation of a seeder with a base on which at least one device for measuring the level of soil acidity and / or soil temperature and / or soil moisture is located allows obtaining complete information about the soil area intended for sowing seeds and / or applying fertilizers to it, which can affect the choice of seeds, fertilizers, the time of use of the declared seeder, the design configuration of the declared seeder for a certain landscape and soil type, etc. and expands the functionality of the declared seeder, making it universal.

[0047] The design of the seed tube installed at an angle facilitates the passage of seeds and / or seeds in a coating of fertilizers and / or fertilizer particles through the seed tube and increases the reliability of the claimed seeder, since with the said design of the seed tube, the seeds and / or seeds in fertilizers and / or fertilizer particles move along the seed tube to the seed chamber due to the action of gravity, which also simplifies the design of the claimed seeder.

[0048] The implementation of a module for determining the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air with the ability to determine the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air depending on the density of the soil required to shoot seeds and / or seeds in fertilizer, and / or fertilizer particles into the soil to the desired depth, ensures the versatility of the declared seeder, expands and improves its functionality, since it allows you to actually determine the depth required to shoot seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell, and / or fertilizer particles into the soil at a certain soil density, and also to make such a shot, which positively affects the quality of sowing and enrichment of the soil with fertilizers, eliminating the possibility of them getting to an excessive or insufficient depth under the soil surface.

[0049] The implementation of the seed guide duct as removable or with an inlet made with the possibility of adjusting its diameter allows for increasing the reliability and ensuring the versatility of the declared pneumatic seeder, since it allows for adjusting the guide duct or its inlet in accordance with the size of the seeds and / or seeds in the fertilizer, and / or fertilizer particles, which facilitates their passage through the inlet of the guide duct and allows for using the declared seeder for seeds and / or fertilizer particles of any size, limited solely by the dimensions of the seed chamber and the diameter of the inlet of the guide duct.

[0050] The installation of at least an air flow generation module, at least one seed duct, a seed chamber, a guide air duct, at least one container with seeds and / or seeds in fertilizer, and / or fertilizer particles, a device for determining the density of the soil, a module for determining the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air and a control module on an unmanned aerial vehicle allows for expanding the functionality of the claimed seeder, since it allows for its use in conditions where the condition of the soil is unsuitable for the movement of ground equipment on it, for example due to flooding, with the complete elimination of the risk of damage to the claimed seeder due to the action of moisture and contamination of its constituent elements with wet soil, etc.

[0051] The design of the claimed pneumatic seeder is explained using the following images: Fig. 1 - View of a variant of the claimed pneumatic seeder with a seed tube, air flow generation module and seed chamber shown in longitudinal section.

[0052] Fig. 2 - View of an embodiment of the claimed pneumatic seeder with several containers for seeds and / or seeds in a casing made of fertilizers and / or fertilizer particles and, accordingly, several seed tubes.

[0053] The drawings schematically show a preferred, but not exclusive, embodiment of the claimed pneumatic seeder, including an air flow generation module 1, a seed tube 2, a seed chamber 3, a seed guide air tube 4, a container 5 with seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell, and / or fertilizer particles 24, a device for determining soil density 6, a module for determining the speed and / or power of the pre-compressed air flow 7 and a control module 8.The claimed pneumatic seeder can be designed with the possibility of alternately feeding seeds and fertilizer particles 24 into the seed chamber 3, with a device for forming round particles or granules, including at least one seed and a fertilizer layer around it, with the possibility of directing seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell, and / or fertilizer particles 24 to the seed chamber 3 at set intervals, and can also include an additional module for creating a pre-compressed air flow 10, designed and installed with the possibility of creating a flow of pre-compressed air and feeding from the container 5 with seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell, and / or fertilizer particles 24 in the created air flow of seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell and / or fertilizer particles 24 into the seed tube 2.

[0054] The claimed pneumatic seeder may also contain, in one embodiment, a base 11, on which at least a container 5 with seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell, and / or fertilizer particles 24, a device for determining the density of the soil 6, a seed tube 2 and / or a guide air duct for seeds 4, and / or a seed chamber 3, a module for determining the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air 7 and / or a control module 8 can be mounted, and which can be, for example, a support frame and can be connected to the means of movement 13, for example wheels, tracks, runners, wings or the body of an unmanned aerial vehicle (the so-called air drone), a means for creating an air cushion, etc. Protrusions for fastening the component elements of the claimed seeder can be made on the base 11.Also, on the base 11, a power source 22 can be secured, connected to a control module 8, a module for determining the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air 7, a device for determining the density of the soil 6, a device for measuring the acidity level of the soil 20, a device for measuring the moisture content of the soil 21 and a module for creating an air flow 1, and a coupling means 23 can be located, which is intended for connecting the declared seeder to a tractor or other similar agricultural implement.

[0055] The air flow generation module 1 is connected to the control module 8 and is configured to form a flow of pre-compressed air for shooting seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell and / or fertilizer particles 24 into the soil from the seed chamber 3 connected to the seed duct 2 through the seed guide air duct 4 connected to it. In embodiments of the claimed pneumatic seeder, the air flow generation module 1 may comprise a supply air duct 14 connected to a container with compressed air 17 or an air compressor and connected through an electromagnetic pulse valve 15 to an intermediate air duct 16 connected to the seed chamber 3. The initiator of the air flow generation module operation is preferably a signal from the control module 8, which can be transmitted from the control module 8 via a wired or non-wired connection.The seed tube 2 is a tube, channel, hose or other similar means connecting the container 5 with seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating and / or fertilizer particles 24 with the seed chamber 3. In a preferred embodiment of the claimed pneumatic seeder, the seed tube 2 is installed at an angle to a conventional horizontal, which is the soil surface along which the claimed seeder is moved. The claimed pneumatic seeder may contain several seed tubes 2 connected to a corresponding number of containers 5 with seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating and / or fertilizer particles 24.The seed tube 2 can also be made with several branches having different functional purposes, and can be made with a control device made with the possibility of receiving and transmitting data to the control module 8 about the passage of at least one seed and / or seed in a fertilizer shell, and / or fertilizer particle 24 through the seed tube 2 into the seed chamber 3.

[0056] The seed chamber 3 is designed with the possibility of placing seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating, and / or fertilizer particles 24, which come from at least one seed tube 2, in it. In a preferred embodiment of the claimed seeder, the seed chamber 3 includes at least one means for enhancing the air flow 19 or is connected to it, and can also be designed with a control device 12 designed with the possibility of receiving and transmitting data to the control module 8 about the arrival of at least one seed and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating, and / or fertilizer particles 24 in the seed chamber 3.

[0057] The seed guide air duct 4 is the final guide component of the claimed seeder for seeds and / or seeds in a casing of fertilizers, and / or fertilizer particles 24, shot into the soil, and in the preferred embodiment is a vertically oriented tube, channel or other similar means. The guide air duct 4 can be made removable or can be made with an inlet opening made with the possibility of adjusting its diameter. Such adjustment can be achieved, for example, by adjusting the full opening of a valve or damper located on the inlet opening of the guide air duct 4.

[0058] The container 5 with seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating and / or fertilizer particles 24 is connected to at least one seed tube 2 and, in a preferred embodiment of the claimed seeder, is a hopper or other similar means. Also, in a preferred embodiment of the claimed seeder, the container 5 with seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating and / or fertilizer particles 24 is designed with the possibility of portioned feeding into the seed chamber 3 through the seed tube 2 and the dispenser 9 of seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating and / or fertilizer particles 24. The container 5 with seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating and / or fertilizer particles 24 can be designed with a device for mixing fertilizers and seeds. The claimed pneumatic seeder can contain several containers 5 with different types of seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating and / or fertilizer particles 24.

[0059] The device for determining the soil density 6 is made with the possibility of transmitting certain data regarding the soil density to the module for determining the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air 7. In the preferred embodiment of the claimed seeder, such a device is a penetrometer or another similar device. Also, the device for determining the soil density 6 can be made with its own control module, made, for example, with the possibility of setting the frequency of soil density measurements by the user of the claimed seeder.

[0060] The module for determining the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air 7 is designed with the possibility of determining the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air depending on the density of the soil, necessary for firing seeds and / or seeds in a shell of fertilizers, and / or fertilizer particles into the soil, preferably to the required depth, and with the possibility of sending data on the determined speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air to the control module 8.In embodiments, the module for determining the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air 7 is designed with the ability to calculate the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air depending on the soil density required to shoot seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell, and / or fertilizer particles into the soil, primarily to the desired depth, according to a specific algorithm and formula, or with the ability to compare a specific soil density with pre-calculated values ​​of the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air, which are entered into the database of said module 7 or control module 8.

[0061] The control module 8 is configured to regulate the speed and / or power of the pre-compressed air flow generated by the air flow generation module 1, at least depending on the soil density. In a preferred embodiment of the claimed seeder, the module for determining the speed and / or power of the pre-compressed air flow 7 and the control module 8 are electronic computerized devices located in a single housing 18 located on the base 11. The control module 8 can also be configured to activate the air flow generation module 1 in accordance with the received data on the receipt of at least one seed and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating and / or fertilizer particles 24 through the seed tube 2 to the seed chamber 3, or the passage of at least one seed and / or seed in a fertilizer coating and / or fertilizer particles 24 through the seed tube 2 to the seed chamber 3.An additional module for creating a pre-compressed air flow 10 may be an air compressor or other similar device. The control device 12 may be a level gauge, a weighing device, a sensor for the presence of a certain chemical substance in the seed chamber, etc. The housing 18 may be coated with a coating that has increased resistance to corrosion, moisture and other chemical factors, and may also be made of materials with such properties. At least one means for amplifying the air flow 19 may be a nozzle, injector, Laval nozzle or other similar means that accelerates and amplifies the flow of pre-compressed air due to its geometric shape and / or hardware components. The power source 22 may be an electric battery or accumulator, and / or a photovoltaic battery, and / or an internal combustion engine, etc.

[0062] The declared pneumatic seeder is used as follows.

[0063] First, the pneumatic seeder is installed in the initial position on the land plot requiring the introduction of seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell, and / or fertilizer particles 24 into its soil, and the power supply from the power source 22 is turned on. In the embodiment, during the said installation, the claimed seeder can be connected to the leading vehicle, for example, a tractor, using a coupling means 23, or can be attached to an unmanned aerial vehicle located in a position suitable for takeoff. Then the user sets the desired frequency of operation of the device for determining the soil density 6, for example, the frequency of its immersion in the soil and / or the frequency of transmitting the data determined by it regarding the soil density to the module for determining the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air 7, by means of the control module 8 or an additional control module of the device for determining the soil density 6, if any.At the same time, the user can set the frequency of operation of the device for measuring the soil acidity level 20 and the device for measuring soil moisture 21, if they are available.

[0064] After this, the declared seeder is moved along the above-mentioned land plot or above it along the route selected by the user, for example, by means of transport means 13. In this case, the device for determining the soil density 6 receives data regarding the soil density constantly or with a given periodicity, for example, by immersing itself in the soil to a certain depth, determines the soil density of the corresponding plot and transmits the data on the soil density to the module for determining the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air 7 via wired or wireless communication. In an embodiment, the device for measuring the soil acidity level 20 and the device for measuring the soil moisture 21 operate simultaneously with the device for determining the soil density 6 and send the data received by them to the control module 8 and / or the module for determining the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air 7.Accordingly, the module for determining the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air 7 determines the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air necessary for shooting the seeds and / or seeds in a shell of fertilizers and / or fertilizer particles into the soil 24, preferably to the required depth, for example, by calculating the said data according to a pre-determined algorithm or by comparing the digital expression of the value of the soil density with the value of the corresponding speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air from the database. After that, the module for determining the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air 7 sends data on the required certain speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air to the control module 8.

[0065] At the same time, seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating and / or fertilizer particles 24 enter the seed chamber 3 from the container or containers 5 through the seed tube or seed tubes 2. In the embodiment, before opening the container or containers 5, an additional air flow generation module 10 is first switched on, and the seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating and / or fertilizer particles 24 enter the seed chamber 3 through the dispenser 9, wherein the passage of the seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating and / or fertilizer particles 24 through the seed tube 2 and / or their entry into the seed chamber 3 is recorded by the control device of the seed tube 2 or the control device 12 of the seed chamber 3, which sends the corresponding data to the control module 8.Also in the embodiment, before releasing the seeds from the corresponding container 5, it is mixed with fertilizer in 5 or round particles or granules are formed, including at least one seed and a layer of fertilizer around it, for example using devices located in the internal space of the containers 5.

[0066] After this, the control module 8 sends a signal to the air flow generation module 1, causing the generation of a flow of pre-compressed air with the required speed and / or power, for example, by attracting the appropriate amount of energy from the power source 22 to power the components of the air flow generation module 1, regulating the air compression rate before its release into the supply air duct 14, opening the outlet of the compressed air tank 17 and the electromagnetic valve 15, initiating the operation of the air compressor or air blower, etc. In the embodiment, the generated flow of pre-compressed air passes through the supply air duct 14, the electromagnetic valve 15, the intermediate air duct 16, is amplified by the corresponding means 19 and enters the seed chamber 3.

[0067] As a result of the movement of the pre-compressed air flow into the seed chamber 3 and its pressure on its contents, the seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell and / or fertilizer particles 24 are shot out of the seed chamber 3 into the soil through the seed guide duct 4. After this, the above operations with the components of the claimed seeder are repeated when the claimed seeder moves across a field or other similar land plot until the claimed seeder is turned off by the user.At the same time, in the event of receiving from the device for determining the soil density 6 data on the increased soil density, which makes the shooting of seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell, and / or fertilizer particles 24 into it ineffective, the module for determining the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air 7 sends a response signal to the control module 8, which blocks further operation of the constituent elements of the claimed seeder, except for the device for determining the soil density 6 and the device for measuring the soil acidity level 20, and the device for measuring the soil moisture 21 in the embodiment. After the said devices 6, 20 and 21 determine the soil characteristics that are suitable for shooting seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell, and / or fertilizer particles 24 into it, the operation of all other constituent elements of the claimed seeder can be resumed by the corresponding signal of the control module 8.

[0068] The use of the claimed seeder in the above-mentioned manner is not limited to seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating and / or fertilizer particles 24. As a result of the said sequential operation of the constituent elements of the claimed seeder, chemical plant protection products, such as pesticides, herbicides, insecticides, can be shot into the soil, which can be moved through the seed tube 2 from the container 5 into the seed chamber 3 in the same way as the seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating and / or fertilizer particles 24, including through the dispenser 9. The shares of the said chemical plant protection products can be preliminarily provided with a shape and size corresponding to the corresponding shape and size of the constituent elements of the claimed seeder, intended for their movement from the container 5 or part of such container 5 and subsequent shooting into the soil.A comparative analysis of the above technical solution with the closest analogue showed that the implementation of the set of essential features characterizing the proposed invention leads to the emergence of qualitatively new technical properties indicated above, the set of which was not previously established from the existing level of technology, which allows us to conclude that the proposed technical solution meets the criterion of “inventive step”.

[0069] In the existing sources of patent and scientific and technical information, no pneumatic seeder has been found that has the declared set of essential features, therefore the presented technical solution meets the criterion of “novelty”.

[0070] The proposed technical solution is industrially applicable, since it does not contain any structural elements or materials that cannot be reproduced at the current stage of technological development in industrial production conditions.

Claims

FORMULA 1. A pneumatic seeder comprising at least an air flow generation module configured to generate a flow of pre-compressed air for firing seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating and / or fertilizer particles into the soil from a seed chamber connected to a seed tube through a seed guide air duct connected thereto, characterized in that it comprises at least one container with seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating and / or fertilizer particles connected to at least one seed tube, a device for determining the density of the soil, configured to transmit certain data regarding the density of the soil to a module for determining the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air, configured to determine the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air depending on the density of the soil necessary for firing the seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating,and / or fertilizer particles into the soil, and with the possibility of sending data on the determined speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air to the control module, and the control module is configured to regulate the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air generated by the air flow generation module at least depending on the density of the soil.

2. A pneumatic seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one container with seeds and / or seeds in a coating of fertilizers and / or fertilizer particles is designed with the possibility of portioned feeding of seeds and / or seeds in a coating of fertilizers and / or fertilizer particles into the seed chamber through a dispenser.

3. A pneumatic seeder according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it includes an additional module for creating pre-compressed air 28 flow, designed and installed with the possibility of creating a flow of pre-compressed air and feeding from a container with seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating, and / or fertilizer particles in the created air flow of seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating, and / or fertilizer particles into the seed duct.

4. A pneumatic seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a base on which at least a container with seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating and / or fertilizer particles, a device for determining soil density, a seed tube and / or a guide air tube for seeds and / or a seed chamber, a module for determining the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air and / or a control module are installed.

5. A pneumatic seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one control device is located in the seed tube, configured to receive and transmit data to the control module about the passage of at least one seed and / or a seed in a fertilizer coating, and / or a fertilizer particle through the seed tube into the seed chamber, and the control module is configured to activate the air flow generation module in accordance with the received data about the passage of at least one seed and / or a seed in a fertilizer coating, and / or a fertilizer particle through the seed tube into the seed chamber.

6. A pneumatic seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the seed chamber is provided with a control device configured to receive and transmit data to the control module about the receipt of at least one seed and / or a seed in a fertilizer coating and / or a fertilizer particle into the seed chamber, and the control module is configured to activate the air flow generation module in accordance with the received data about the receipt of at least one seed and / or a seed in a fertilizer coating and / or a fertilizer particle through the seed tube into the seed chamber.

7. A pneumatic seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally contains means of movement and a base in the form of a support frame connected to the means of movement.

8. A pneumatic seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the air flow generation module contains a supply air duct connected to a container with compressed air and connected through an electromagnetic pulse valve to an intermediate air duct connected to the seed chamber.

9. A pneumatic seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the air flow generation module comprises a supply air duct connected to an air compressor and connected through an electromagnetic pulse valve to an intermediate air duct connected to the seed chamber.

10. A pneumatic seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the module for determining the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air and the control module are located in a single housing located on the base. I. A pneumatic seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the seed chamber includes or is connected to at least one means for increasing the air flow.

12. A pneumatic seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that it is designed with the possibility of directing seeds and / or seeds in a coating of fertilizers and / or fertilizer particles into the seed chamber at set intervals.

13. A pneumatic seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made with a device for forming round particles or granules, including at least one seed and a layer of fertilizer around it.

14. A pneumatic seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a base, on the base there is located at least one device for measuring soil acidity and / or soil temperature and / or soil moisture.

15. A pneumatic seeder according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the device for determining the soil density is a penetrometer.

16. A pneumatic seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the seed tube is installed at an angle.

17. A pneumatic seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the module for determining the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air is designed with the ability to determine the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air depending on the density of the soil, necessary for shooting seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer shell, and / or fertilizer particles into the soil to the required depth.

18. A pneumatic seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the seed guide duct is removable.

19. A pneumatic seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the seed guide duct is provided with an inlet opening that can be adjusted in diameter.

20. A pneumatic seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that it is designed with the possibility of alternately feeding seeds and fertilizer particles into the seed chamber.

21. A pneumatic seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that at least an air flow generation module, at least one seed duct, a seed chamber, a seed guide duct, at least one container with seeds and / or seeds in a fertilizer coating and / or fertilizer particles, a device for determining soil density, a module for determining the speed and / or power of the flow of pre-compressed air and a control module are installed on an unmanned aerial vehicle.

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