Reactor for a waste processing device

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0002] REACTOR FOR WASTE PROCESSING DEVICE

[0003] The invention relates to devices for recycling waste in a solid and / or liquid state, in particular to devices for recycling using the ion-electron destruction method.

[0004] A waste processing reactor is known according to Russian patent No. 2786209 (published on 19.12.2022), in which the reactor is in the form of a closed cavity made with an inlet connected to a waste feed device and with an outlet for removing gaseous destruction products, while the internal surfaces of the cavity are partially or completely made conductive, and an electrode insulated from them is introduced into the reactor, connected to a source of high-voltage voltage pulses, and the size of the gap between the electrode and the conductive surfaces of the cavity ensures the formation of corona discharge streamers.

[0005] The disadvantage of the reactor is that corona discharge streamers are formed around the electrode, as well as the need to use a source of high-voltage voltage pulses, while the processing of waste at a distance from the electrode is difficult due to the absence of corona discharge streamers there.

[0006] The technical result that the invention is aimed at achieving is the expansion of the arsenal of reactors for waste processing, characterized by an increased zone of formation of corona discharge streamers, as well as the absence of the need to use a source of high-voltage pulses.

[0007] The technical result is achieved in a reactor in the form of a closed cavity, made with an inlet opening connected to a waste feed device, and with an outlet opening for removing gaseous destruction products, while an additional inlet opening is made in the closed cavity for feeding electrically charged particles of matter into the reactor.

[0008] In one embodiment, the additional inlet is connected to a source of charged particles of matter.

[0009] In one embodiment, the internal surfaces of the reactor cavity are partially or completely made conductive.

[0010] In one embodiment, the bottom of the reactor cavity is covered with water or a conductive water-containing liquid.

[0011] It is preferable to make the conductive sections of the internal surfaces of the reactor cavity from steel or another metal.

[0012] In one embodiment, the internal non-conductive surfaces of the reactor cavity are made with a protective coating of dielectric. In one embodiment, the bottom of the reactor cavity is made flat and conductive.

[0013] In one embodiment, the bottom of the cavity is made with baths for collecting condensed destruction products.

[0014] It is preferable to design the reactor with the pressure inside it reduced by 0.1 - 1 Pa compared to atmospheric pressure.

[0015] In one embodiment, the pressure inside the reactor is reduced by connecting an electrostatic filter with an exhaust air fan to the outlet.

[0016] It is preferable to design the reactor with limited air flow.

[0017] In one embodiment, the air supply is limited by a wad that blocks the entrance to the reactor, pre-formed by pressing the waste before feeding it into the reactor.

[0018] In one embodiment, an additional outlet opening is made in the closed cavity of the reactor for feeding particles of matter discharged as a result of the processes of initiation of destruction from the reactor into a source of electrically charged particles of matter for their recharging.

[0019] The invention is illustrated in Figure 1.

[0020] Fig. 1 shows a vertical cross-section of the reactor, where 1 is the reactor body with an internal cavity, 2 is the inlet, 3 is the outlet, 4 is the internal surface of the reactor cavity, 5 is the conductive sections of the internal surface of the reactor cavity, 6 is an additional inlet, 7 is a source of charged particles of matter, 8 is the conductive bottom of the reactor, 9 is a device for feeding recycled waste, 10 is an electrostatic filter with an exhaust air fan.

[0021] The invention can be implemented in a reactor, in the body 1 of which an inlet opening 2 is made, connected to a device 9 for feeding processed solid and / or liquid waste, made with the possibility of limiting the flow of air into the reactor, and an outlet opening 3 for removing gaseous destruction products, connected to an electrostatic filter 10, equipped with an exhaust air fan, and the sections 5 of the inner surface of the cavity 4 of the reactor body 1 and the bottom 8 are made of steel, while a source of charged particles of matter 7 is connected to an additional inlet opening 6 in the cavity of the reactor body 1.

[0022] The device operates as follows. For example, a portion of compressed solid municipal waste is fed into the device through the inlet 2 from the device for feeding recycled waste 9, with the passage of atmospheric air into the body 1 being limited when fed through the opening 2. After this, charged particles of matter from the source of charged particles of matter 7 are fed into the cavity of the reactor body 1 through the additional inlet 6, wherein, as is known from the source [1], the charged particles generate streamers of a corona pulse discharge, which begin to multiply and spread in different directions from them, gradually filling the entire volume of the cavity of the reactor body 1. The electrons of the corona discharge streamers act on the water contained in the incoming waste, causing the formation of free radicals during the destruction of the water molecule H2O ^OH* + H*.In addition, other active substances O3, O2(aiA), H2O2, OH, O(zP), NO, HNO2 and HNO3 are formed in the reactor under the influence of corona pulse discharge streamers. The corona discharge is also a source of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The indicated active substances and UV radiation have a destructive effect on any organic and inorganic substances contained in the processed waste, leading to their destruction with the formation of harmless gaseous reaction products - water and carbon dioxide. Inorganic components of the waste are destroyed by acids HNO2 and HNO3, which are formed in the reactor under the influence of the corona discharge. The process of oxidation of organic substances in water is a chain reaction [2]. Initiation of a chain reaction at a low speed can be carried out by atmospheric oxygen and ozone. At a high speed, the chain reaction is initiated by OH* radicals.That is, the device carries out ion-electron destruction of both organic and inorganic substances present in the waste. And gaseous destruction products enter the reactor outlet.

[0023] Thus, the device achieves the stated technical result in the form of ion-electron destruction of both organic and inorganic substances present in household waste.

[0024] [1]. Sinkevich A.A., Dovgalyuk Yu.A. Corona discharge in the clouds. / / News of universities. Radiophysics. 2013. T.56, No. 11-12. pp. 908-919.

[0025] [2]. Piskarev I.M. Oxidation-reduction processes in water initiated by an electric discharge above its surface. / / Journal of General Chemistry. 2001. Vol. 71. Issue. 10. P. 1622.

Claims

CLAUSES OF THE INVENTION Waste Treatment Plant Reactor 1. A reactor for a waste processing device, made in the form of a closed cavity with an inlet opening connected to a waste feed device and with an outlet opening for removing gaseous destruction products, characterized in that an additional inlet opening is made in the closed cavity for feeding electrically charged particles of a substance into the reactor.

2. A reactor for a waste processing device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the additional inlet opening is connected to a source of charged particles of matter.

3. A reactor for a waste processing device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the internal surfaces of the reactor cavity are partially or completely made conductive.

4. A reactor for a waste processing device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the bottom of the reactor cavity is covered with water or a conductive water-containing liquid.

5. A reactor for a waste processing device according to paragraph 3, characterized in that the conductive sections of the internal surfaces of the reactor cavity are made of steel or another metal.

6. A reactor for a waste processing device according to paragraphs 1, 4, characterized in that the internal non-conductive surfaces of the reactor cavity are made with a protective coating of a dielectric.

7. A reactor for a waste processing device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the bottom of the reactor cavity is made flat and conductive.

8. A reactor for a waste processing device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the bottom of the reactor cavity is provided with baths for collecting condensed destruction products.

9. A reactor for a waste processing device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the reactor is designed with a pressure inside it reduced by 0.1 - 1 Pa compared to atmospheric pressure.

10. A reactor for a waste processing device according to paragraph 9, characterized in that the pressure reduction inside the reactor is achieved by connecting an electrostatic filter with an exhaust air fan to the outlet.

11. A reactor for a waste processing device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the reactor is designed with a limited air supply.

12. A reactor for a waste processing device according to paragraph 11, characterized in that the air supply is limited by a wad blocking the entrance to the reactor, pre-formed by pressing the waste before feeding it into the reactor. 4 13. A reactor for a waste processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that an additional outlet opening is made in the closed cavity of the reactor for feeding particles of matter, discharged as a result of the processes of initiation of destruction, from the reactor into a source of electrically charged particles of matter for their recharging. 5

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