Indoor acoustic material composition comprising recycled textile material and preparation thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composition for forming a material that can be used to form plates to produce panels, blocks and tiles for cladding, with sound-absorbing and / or sound-insulating properties. Specifically, the invention relates to a formulation comprising a component from recycled textile material; a binding, gelling and stabilising agent; a binding and adhesive agent; and a solvent. The invention also relates to a method for obtaining the formulation, wherein the method comprises the steps of crushing the recycled material, mixing the components, moulding and drying. The invention further proposes the use of the indoor acoustic material as an acoustic treatment based on sound absorption and sound insulation that can be used in noise-polluted spaces such as offices, auditoriums, receptions, restaurants and classrooms to enhance the well-being and / or comfort of the users of the spaces.

Description

[0001] COMPOSITION FOR INTERIOR ACOUSTIC MATERIAL COMPRISING RECYCLED TEXTILE MATERIAL, AND ITS PREPARATION

[0002] SUMMARY

[0003] The present invention relates to a composition for forming a material that can be used to form sheets to produce cladding panels, blocks, and tiles, with acoustic absorbent and / or insulating properties. Specifically, the present invention relates to said formulation, which comprises a component derived from recycled textile material; a binding, gelling, and stabilizing agent; a binding and adhesion agent; and a solvent; and also relates to the methodology for its production, where said method comprises the steps of crushing the recycled material, mixing the components, molding, and drying.The present invention also proposes the use of interior acoustic material as an acoustic treatment through sound absorption and insulation, applicable to spaces contaminated with noise, such as offices, auditoriums, receptions, restaurants, classrooms, among others, with the purpose of improving the well-being and / or comfort of the users of said spaces.

[0004] TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The present invention relates to the technical field of construction and / or the technical field of design, in particular, to a composition, to the preparation of said composition, and to its use in manufacturing materials that are useful as acoustic absorbers and / or insulators, applicable to spaces contaminated with noise.

[0006] Currently, there are various compositions that have insulating and / or absorbent properties and are useful for manufacturing materials for construction applications, such as acoustic panel coverings. Specifically, for noise insulation and / or absorption, the materials used in their manufacture are diverse, typically using rock wool, glass wool, polymers, foams, cotton, among others.

[0007] Noise pollution is of particular importance due to the physical and psychological effects it has on living beings. The harmful effects of noise on human health are the consequence of high sound levels, which affect the autonomic and central nervous systems.

[0008] According to the WHO, “excessive noise seriously harms human health and interferes with people's daily activities at school, work, home, and leisure time. It can disrupt sleep, cause cardiovascular and psychophysiological effects, reduce performance, and lead to annoyance responses and changes in social behavior” (https: / / www.who.int / europe / health-topics / noise#tab=tab_1). According to the European Union (EU) Directive 2002 / 49 / EC on the management of environmental noise (EC, 2002), noise is defined as “unwanted or harmful outdoor sound created by human activities, including noise from roads, railways, airports, and industrial sites.” On the other hand, in medical terms, noise is defined as audible sound energy that can affect physical and mental health. (Abdel-Mohsen O. Mohamed et al., Pollution Assessment for Sustainable Practices in Applied Sciences and Engineering, 2021, pages 975-1026).Along these same lines, the definition of noise provided by the Chilean Ministry of the Environment states "any sound that is classified by the person receiving it as annoying, unwanted, inconvenient, or unpleasant" (https: / / ruido.mma.gob.cl / temas / ), and classifies noise sources as: vehicular traffic, roads, railways, and airports, fixed sources, and noisy acts and behaviors. The Ministry notes that, in Chile, 50% of the environmental complaints received by the Environmental Superintendency relate to noise pollutants, highlighting the importance of noise in human daily life. Furthermore, given the importance of this topic for human health, relevant information has been compiled by the European Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region and the ISO 22955 standard for Acoustic Quality of Open Offices.

[0009] For example, a recent study conducted to understand the health effects of noise pollution found that the negative impacts of noise pollution on human health include headaches, insomnia, psychological disorders, lack of concentration at work, and other health impacts such as hearing loss, learning difficulties, stroke, hypertension, and reduced quality of life. It was concluded that noise pollution negatively affects human health, and active public awareness of the dangers of noise pollution on health is recommended, as well as strict enforcement of laws to reduce and control noise pollution. (Wokekoro E., World Journal of Research and Review (WJRR), ISSN: 2455-3956, Volume-10, lssue-6, June 2020, pages 27-32).In another context, for some time now, the construction and design industries have seen a growing interest in developing products for use in insulation and / or noise absorption that are also environmentally friendly. For example, products manufactured using methodologies that result in lower energy consumption and the use of biodegradable raw materials and / or chemical compounds, to name a few. Therefore, a general approach to manufacturing construction products is to use renewable and / or reusable materials, preferably of natural origin. However, many of these materials provide poor insulation and / or low sound absorption, with the density of the material being one of the factors influencing insulation and / or sound absorption capacity.

[0010] As previously stated, Baux uses recycled material to manufacture acoustic panels that are sound-insulating (https: / / www.baux.com / acoustic-products / ). The raw material used is polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles. The process for obtaining the material for panel manufacture basically consists of washing, flaking, and melting the bottles, then spinning them to obtain fibers. The composition disclosed by Baux does not contemplate the use of textile fibers as a raw material for the panels.

[0011] Patent document W02020048843 relates to an acoustic panel made of geopolymer - inorganic polymers formed by tetrahedral units of aluminium and silicon condensed at room temperature, which are obtained from the dissolution of raw materials, such as industrial waste and / or natural clays - comprising a layer with a fibre component and a geopolymer binder which in turn comprises ground mineral wool, and an additional layer composed of mineral wool, where the layer comprising a fibre component and a geopolymer binder have characteristic density, thickness and porosity. Furthermore, a method for recycling mineral wool is claimed, comprising grinding elements and which in turn comprise mineral wool for the provision of a powder component, mixing the powder component and an alkaline activator component to provide a geopolymer mixture.

[0012] One particular acoustic insulator is that referred to in US2022305761 , which specifically also discloses acoustic panels, for use in reducing sound transmission in building floors. To this end, a method is claimed for manufacturing an acoustic floor panel, combining a binding agent with plastic flakes, passing these to a laminating machine, applying a force using the laminating machine to create a plastic sheet; cutting the plastic sheet; and adding an acoustic insulator to at least a first side of the plastic sheet.

[0013] Meanwhile, publication WO2019234334 discloses a textile structure, intended to be used as a sound-absorbing structure in acoustic ceiling panels and / or acoustic wall panels, composed of a non-woven mat of glass fibers bound by a thermosetting binder, and a continuous acoustic layer comprising 80% to 95% by weight of preferably mineral particles and 5% to 20% by weight of a thermoplastic polymer and / or elastomeric binder. It is noted that, to manufacture the textile structure, an aqueous composition comprising the essential ingredients of the continuous acoustic layer, namely, the particles and the thermoplastic polymer binder and / or elastomer, is deposited on the mesh, the latter being introduced in the form of latex. The use of textile fibers as part of the aqueous composition for the construction of the panels is not described in this document.

[0014] On the other hand, panels made from recycled materials, such as thermofused and / or interwoven textile fibers, cellulose fibers, among others, have been reported in the state of the art.

[0015] Thus, in the document by author L. Delgado, textile raw material was used for the manufacture of acoustic panels (Sound Absorption Panels with Textile Waste, Undergraduate Thesis, Textile-Fashion Industrial Design, University of the Republic, Uruguay, Lucía Delgado Pérez, August 2017). The general preparation process includes sorting and subsequent washing / drying of the raw material. It is then cut and / or shredded, and bleached. To agglomerate the textile material, tests were carried out with plastics (PET, PE, nylon), bioplastics (generated from corn starch), vinyl glue, and recycled paper. Felting and screen printing techniques were also used instead of using agglomeration with additives. It was concluded that the best sound-absorbing material was bioplastic and yarn. Panels and mobiles of various designs were produced, using 3D printing in the process. Biopolymers (bioplastic) were mainly used for agglomeration.

[0016] International publication WO2010089398 discloses an acoustic transducer and absorber, and a method for manufacturing them; the absorber has an absorption layer formed by an open-pore porous material, said material being so rigid that the absorption layer is excited by bending vibrations when sound waves strike it. Porous materials are noted to include all porous and fibrous materials, such as textiles, fleece, carpets, foam, mineral wool, cotton, special acoustic plaster, expanded glass granules, and so-called fine-free materials, which absorb sound energy by converting vibrations of air particles into thermal energy through friction. The absorber layers can be bonded using binders in liquid or latex form. Pressing may be performed in the final step.As can be seen, the possibility of using textile fibers—among many other materials—as part of a composition to make the panels is reported, and the use of binders to compact the layers that form the absorber is proposed, although these have not been specified.

[0017] The following document presents a recycled textile-based wall covering (Wall covering made from recycled textile, Thesis, School of Design, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, María Jesús Fuentes, July 2019). Various binders were also tested to compact the textile: alginate, agar-agar, pectin, gelatin, and dextrin. White cement and lime were also tested. Thermal and acoustic insulation tests were also performed. This document ruled out the use of the aforementioned binders, either due to their high cost, instability over time (fungal growth), and / or their heavy weight.

[0018] At https: / / www.audimute.com / media / DataSheets / Audimute-Acoustic-

[0019] Fabric-Panels-Cut-Sheets.pdf discloses the use of a combination of recycled cotton and cellulose fibers from newspapers and recycled fabrics to create eco-friendly panels. Similarly, https: / / www.ideassonline.org / public / pdf / EcoFibraChile-ESP.pdf proposes transforming textile waste into eco-friendly panels for thermal and acoustic insulation. The process includes the stages of waste selection, shredding, and conversion to microfibers. In both cases, the details of the components involved in the composition and how the microfibers were converted are not mentioned.

[0020] Patent document FR3102194 claims a construction product based on recycled textiles and a matrix component comprising animal and / or vegetable glue. It specifies that the glue used is casein-type and that sodium borate is also used as an additive. It indicates that the matrix component is present in a greater proportion than the textile component, and that pressing is applied during the molding stage and prior to the drying stage of the product (bricks).

[0021] Meanwhile, international publication WO20101 14646—which gave rise to patent CL53206—refers to an acoustic panel comprising a ground renewable component, one or more fibers with specific renewable particle size distributions, and one or more binders; and to its manufacturing method. Among the fibers described in the acoustic panel claimed in CL53206, no textile-type fiber is ever described.

[0022] Furthermore, presentation CL201101039 discloses a process for producing a material from textile waste, which includes obtaining the waste, sorting it, guillotining it, mixing it with modified starch, molding it, demolding it, and machining it. It is noted that this material is useful in the manufacture of panels or wall coverings. The binder used is starch, in a 2:1 ratio with respect to the textile material.

[0023] Thus, from the state of the art discussed above, it is evident that, in order to overcome the difficulties related to having a composition that is useful for producing construction materials for acoustic absorption and / or insulation, and that at the same time, for its manufacture, uses raw materials that are friendly to the environment, it is necessary to have compositions that have advantageous properties, obtained through a methodology suitable for such purposes.

[0024] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0025] The present invention proposes an acoustically absorbent and / or insulating composition comprising a component derived from recycled textile material, along with suitable additives and a solvent, and also proposes a methodology for its production. The present invention also relates to the use of said composition as an acoustic treatment applicable to noise-polluted spaces, such as offices, auditoriums, reception areas, restaurants, classrooms, among others, with the aim of improving the well-being and / or comfort of the users of said spaces.

[0026] In one of its main aspects, the present invention relates to a composition for forming an absorbent and / or insulating acoustic material comprising a recycled textile material, an agent that is a binder, gelling agent and stabilizer, an agent that is a binder and adhesive agent at the same time, and a solvent, where each component is present in determined quantities.

[0027] Preferably, the present invention relates to a composition for forming an acoustically absorbent and / or insulating material comprising between about 10.0% and about 20.0% by weight of a recycled textile material; between about 0.3% and about 1.0% by weight of an agent that is a binder, gelling agent and stabilizer; between about 5.0% and about 10.0% by weight of an agent that is a binder and adhesion agent; between about 70.0% and about 80.0% by weight of a solvent or vehicle; where the % by weight is based on the weight of the total composition.

[0028] More preferably, the composition comprises between about 14.0% and about 16.0% by weight of a recycled textile material; between about 0.3% and about 0.7% by weight of an agent that is a binder, gelling agent and stabilizer; between about 6.0% and about 9.0% by weight of an agent that is a binder and adhesion agent; between about 70.0% and about 80.0% by weight of a solvent or vehicle; and where the % by weight is based on the weight of the total composition.

[0029] Even more preferably, the present invention relates to a composition for forming an acoustic absorbent and / or insulating material comprising a recycled textile material; a binder and adhesive agent selected from polyvinylpyrrolidones (PVP), various types of povidones, povidone 25, povidone 30 or povidone 90, copolymers of vinylpyrrolidones with other vinyl derivatives, dextrin, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, pregelatinized starch, and / or mixtures thereof; a binder, gelling agent and stabilizer selected from gellan gum, methylcellulose, methylethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, locust bean gum, carrageenan, sodium alginate, xanthan gum, agar agar, gelatin, egg white, chitosan, chitosan derivatives and / or mixtures thereof; and a solvent or vehicle selected from water, ethanol, polyethylene glycols, glycehna, and / or mixtures thereof.

[0030] Preferably, and according to a first aspect, the present invention relates to a composition for forming an absorbent and / or insulating acoustic material comprising between 10.0% and 20.0% w / w of recycled textile material, between 0.3% and 1.0% w / w of sodium alginate, between 5.0% and 10.0% w / w of dextrin and between 70.0% and 80.0% w / w of water.

[0031] More preferably, the present invention relates to a composition for forming an absorbent and / or insulating acoustic material comprising between 14.0% and 16.0% w / w of recycled textile material, between 0.3% and 0.7% w / w of sodium alginate, between 6.0% and 9.0% w / w of dextrin and between 70.0% and 80.0% w / w of water.

[0032] Even more preferably, the present invention relates to a composition for forming an acoustically absorbent and / or insulating material comprising 15.31% w / w recycled textile material, 0.48% w / w sodium alginate, 7.66% w / w dextrin, and 76.56% w / w water. In another preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for preparing the composition for forming an acoustically absorbent and / or insulating material comprising the steps of grinding, mixing, molding, drying, and cutting.

[0033] In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of the composition for manufacturing an acoustically absorbent and / or insulating interior material for use in construction and / or design.

[0034] More preferably, the present invention relates to the use of the composition to form a material with which sheets can be formed to produce panels, blocks and cladding tiles, with acoustic absorbent and / or insulating properties.

[0035] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0036] The invention is illustrated, but not limited, by the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0037] Figure 1. Flow diagram of the process for obtaining the acoustic absorbent and / or insulating composition.

[0038] Figure 2. Practical sound absorption coefficient of the tested element of the present invention (a p ) versus octave frequency bands, f (Hz). ASTM C423 standard.

[0039] Figure 3. Comparison of practical sound absorption coefficient for the present invention and for different materials (a p) versus octave frequency bands, f, (Hz). ASTM C423 standard. Figure 4. Arrangement of acoustic panels prepared according to the present invention, for experimental acoustic measurements.

[0040] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0041] The inventors of the present invention have surprisingly found that it is possible to formulate a composition for the manufacture of a material with which sheets can be formed to produce panels, blocks and cladding tiles, which has excellent properties as an acoustic absorber and / or insulator, where it was found that the type of binding agent used is important in terms of its properties of binding, gelling and stabilizing at the same time, as well as the proportions of said binding agent in relation to the other components of said composition.

[0042] Advantageously, and as will be seen later, it was found that the density for materials manufactured with the composition formulated in the present invention allows achieving an optimal relationship between the density and / or rigidity of said materials and their acoustic absorption and / or insulation capacity.

[0043] On the other hand, with the methodology proposed in the present invention, it has been surprisingly found that better acoustic absorbent and / or insulating properties are obtained by using the crushing and mixing stages detailed below, avoiding - for example - the agglomeration of the composition. At the same time, and in relation to the stages used in the process of forming a material with the desired properties, it has been surprisingly found that the pressing stage(s) of the composition must be avoided. In another advantageous aspect, it has been found that the use of disused textile material allows the recycling of said material, offering an environmentally friendly alternative by allowing its reuse, considering that the textile industry currently occupies third place among the activities that generate the most pollution in the world (https: / / heatable.co.uk / boiler-advice / most-polluting-industries).

[0044] The term “binder” or “adhesive agent” as used herein refers to those agents that hold the combined products together, thereby maintaining the granulation. Examples of binders are compounds from the polyvinylpyrrolidones (PVP) group, such as various types of povidones, povidone 25, povidone 30 or povidone 90, copolymers of vinylpyrrolidones with other vinyl derivatives, dextrin, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, pregelatinized starch, and / or mixtures thereof.

[0045] The term “binder,” “gelling agent,” or “stabilizer,” as used herein, refers to a compound that has the ability to form gels, agglomerate, and at the same time stabilize. The gelling agent may be present in the dosage form as a single compound or as a mixture of compounds. Examples of gelling agents are: gellan gum, methylcellulose, methylethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, locust bean gum, carrageenan, sodium alginate, xanthan gum, agar agar, gelatin, egg white, chitosan, chitosan derivatives, and / or mixtures thereof.

[0046] The term "solvent" or "vehicle," as used herein, refers to those inert, liquid substances that allow the incorporation of the remaining elements of the formulation to obtain a homogeneous and uniform mixture. Examples of solvents used include water, ethanol, polyethylene glycols, glycerin, and / or mixtures thereof.

[0047] The term "filler," as used herein, refers to those solid substances that provide the necessary characteristics of hardness and / or flexibility; therefore, the filler may be light or heavy. Examples of fillers include calcium carbonate, clay, gypsum, textile material, seed hulls, seeds, wood chips, and / or mixtures thereof.

[0048] EXAMPLES OF THE PRESENT INVENTION For the purpose of illustrating the present invention, the following examples are shown, as proposed in the present invention. These examples should be interpreted in a non-limiting manner.

[0049] One skilled in the art will appreciate that routine variations and modifications can be made to the following examples without exceeding the scope of the invention.

[0050] Table 1. Composition 1 for the present invention. Table 2. Composition 2 for the present invention.

[0051] Table 3. Composition 3 for the present invention. PREPARATION PROCESS

[0052] The steps considered in the proposed method for the preparation of the acoustic insulating and absorbent composition are provided below.

[0053] Preparation of the composition

[0054] 1. Shredding stage. The textile material is shredded into fibers approximately 1 to 4 cm in length. Preferably, said textile material should not contain solid parts of any material other than textile. 2. Mixing stages. A first dry mixing stage is carried out, in which sodium alginate is added to the textile material obtained in the shredding stage. In a second stage, an aqueous dextrin solution is added to the mixture obtained previously. A uniform composition is obtained, in the form of a paste and / or in the form of a non-fluid mass, ready to be used in the manufacture of various materials, for example, sheets for producing panels, blocks and cladding tiles, with acoustic absorbent and / or insulating properties.

[0055] Using Composition. Manufacturing Acoustic Panels

[0056] Once the acoustic absorbent and / or insulating composition has been obtained, an application of said composition is described as an example, which includes the manufacture of acoustic panels. A person skilled in the art will appreciate that routine variations and modifications can be made to the following example, without exceeding the scope of the invention; therefore, this example should be interpreted in a non-limiting manner.

[0057] 3. Molding stage. Depending on the desired physical form, the composition obtained in stage 2 is poured into molds prepared for this purpose, preferably at a temperature between 15°C and 30°C.

[0058] 4. Drying stage. To carry out this stage, the molds are left in an open space at a temperature between 25°C and 40°C, with a relative humidity of approximately 50%, for at least 24 hours. Since the objective of this stage is to eliminate water from the composition, the temperature could be raised, possibly using a dehydration chamber—composed of a room dehumidifier and a heat source—which can be open or closed.

[0059] 5. Cutting stage. Once the material is dry, it is removed from the mold and cut. A non-serrated cutting tool with a thin, preferably high-speed cutting blade (e.g., a circular saw) is used. It is important that the material not fragment during this stage.

[0060] ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENTS

[0061] To determine the effectiveness of the acoustic composition proposed in the present invention, in terms of its sound absorbing and / or insulating properties, a standardized test was carried out in a Reverberation Chamber.

[0062] For this purpose, panels manufactured according to the methodology proposed in the present invention, using the composition of the present invention, were used. The test standards used were 1) ISO 354:1985 Acoustics - Measurement of Sound absorption in a Reverberation Room, 2) ISO 11654:1997 Acoustics - Sound absorbers for use in buildings - Rating of sound absorption, and 3) ASTM C423. The environmental conditions of the test were as follows: temperature: 19.6 ± 0.6 °C; relative humidity: 57.4 ± 3.0 % and static pressure: 950.4 ± 0.158 hPa, while the equipment used is that shown in Table 4 below.

[0063] Table 4. Instruments used for acoustic measurement of acoustic panels manufactured in accordance with the present invention.

[0064] The reverberation time was measured by recording the integrated impulse response using the indirect method with a 10-second frequency sweep. The measured sample was composed of 40 panels measuring 400 mm x 600 mm. With the sample installed (see Figure 4), measurements were taken using 4 microphone positions and 3 speaker positions, obtaining a total of 12 measurements, with 2 averaged decays for each position. The sample was subsequently removed from the chamber and the measurement procedure was repeated with the room empty. The parameters obtained were the Sound Absorption Coefficient of the tested item, a, in third-octave bands, according to the method described in ISO 354:2003 for panels manufactured according to the present invention. From the measurements, the parameter a was obtained. s , sound absorption coefficient, and the parameter a was obtained p, where the latter corresponds to an average by bands of thirds (see Table 5 and see Figure 3).

[0065] Table 5. Values ​​obtained for the absorption coefficient by frequency band, ap, according to ASTM C423, for acoustic panels manufactured in accordance with the present invention. Then, from this result, the Weighted Sound Absorption Coefficient was determined, a w , which accounts for the shape and classification of the absorbent material, according to standard ISO 1 1654:1997. In addition, the Noise Reduction Coefficient, NRC, generated as defined in standard ASTM C423, was obtained, and the Sound Absorption Average, SAA, and the Speech Absorption Range, SRA, were calculated.

[0066] Table 6. Parameters obtained in the acoustic measurement for acoustic panels manufactured in accordance with the present invention. On the other hand, the theoretical density value for acoustic panels was calculated to be 0.2617 g / cm 3 , which comes from the sum of the densities of each solid component of the composition.

[0067] Table 7. Density for each component for acoustic panels manufactured in accordance with the present invention. Since the water evaporates completely during the drying stage, the material shrinks by approximately 3%. Therefore, the actual density of the material is given by: and the obtained Noise Reduction Coefficient, NCR, is 0.85. If these results are compared with acoustic bricks made of crushed textile material and an organic binder (casein), used for the same purposes as the present invention, (see FR3102194 and https: / / www.fab-brick.com / files / uqd / 21 e6f9 47bda463bca1460cb82a6a3eb52bea70.pdf), it can be seen that the density for said bricks is higher, 500 Kg / m3 while its NCR value is lower, 0.45. This shows that the composition of the present invention has a better acoustic absorption capacity, which could be attributed to the greater porosity as well as the flexibility obtained for the material manufactured with the composition of the present invention. In other words, a material is obtained with a density such that it allows optimizing its acoustic absorption and / or insulation properties, and at the same time maintains the physical and mechanical characteristics that make possible its adequate and easy manipulation to form the material to be manufactured, in such a way that said material is moldable and cut according to the requirements.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. A composition for forming an acoustically absorbent and / or insulating material CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises: a) between approximately 10.0% and approximately 20.0% by weight of a recycled textile material; b) between approximately 0.3% and approximately 1.0% by weight of an agent that is a binder, gelling agent and stabilizer; c) between approximately 5.0% and approximately 10.0% by weight of an agent that is a binder and adhesive; d) between approximately 70.0% and approximately 80.0% by weight of a solvent or vehicle; where the % by weight is based on the weight of the total composition.

2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises: a) between about 14.0% and about 16.0% by weight of a recycled textile material; b) between about 0.3% and about 0.7% by weight of an agent that is a binder, gelling agent and stabilizer; c) between about 6.0% and about 9.0% by weight of an agent that is a binder and adhesive; d) between about 70.0% and about 80.0% by weight of a solvent or vehicle; where the % by weight is based on the weight of the total composition.

3. The composition according to any of the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED in that the agent that is a binder, gelling agent and stabilizer is selected from gellan gum, methylcellulose, methylethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, locust bean gum, carrageenan, sodium alginate, xanthan gum, agar agar, gelatin, egg white, chitosan, chitosan derivatives and / or mixtures thereof.

4. The composition according to any of claims 1 and 2, CHARACTERIZED in that the agent that is a binder and adhesion agent is selected from polyvinylpyrrolidones (PVP), various types of povidones, povidone 25, povidone 30 or povidone 90, copolymers of vinylpyrrolidones with other vinyl derivatives, dextrin, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, pregelatinized starch, and / or mixtures thereof.

5. The composition according to any of claims 1 to 3, CHARACTERIZED in that the agent that is a binder, gelling agent and stabilizer is selected from sodium alginate.

6. The composition according to any of claims 1, 2 and 4, CHARACTERIZED in that the agent that is a binder and adhesion agent is selected from dextrin.

7. The composition according to the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED in that the solvent or vehicle is selected from water, ethanol, polyethylene glycols, glycerin, and / or mixtures thereof.

8. A composition for forming an acoustically absorbent and / or insulating material CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises: a) between about 10.0% and about 20.0% by weight of a recycled textile material; b) between about 0.3% and about 1.0% by weight of sodium alginate; c) between about 5.0% and about 10.0% by weight of dextrin; d) between about 70.0% and about 80.0% by weight of water; where the % by weight is based on the weight of the total composition.

9. The composition according to claim 8, CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises: a) between about 14.0% and about 16.0% by weight of a recycled textile material; b) between about 0.3% and about 0.7% by weight of sodium alginate; c) between about 6.0% and about 9.0% by weight of dextrin; d) between about 70.0% and about 80.0% by weight of water; where the % by weight is based on the weight of the total composition.

10. A composition for forming an acoustically absorbent and / or insulating material, comprising: a) 15.31% by weight of a recycled textile material; b) 0.48% by weight of sodium alginate; c) 7.66% by weight of dextrin; d) 76.56% by weight of water; where the % by weight refers to the weight of the total composition.

11. A method for preparing the composition for forming an acoustic absorbent and / or insulating material according to the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises: a) grinding a previously selected textile material; b) mixing and dry homogenizing the textile material obtained in step a) with an agent that is a binder, gelling agent and stabilizer; c) adding to the resulting mixture in step b) an aqueous solution of an agent that is a binder and adhesion agent; d) homogenizing the resulting mixture in step c) 12. The preparation method according to claim 11, CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises: a) grinding a previously selected textile material; b) mixing and dry homogenizing the textile material obtained in step a) with sodium alginate; c) adding an aqueous dextrin solution to the resulting mixture in step b); d) homogenizing the resulting mixture in step c) 13. Use of the composition to form an acoustic absorbent and / or insulating material according to claims 1 to 10, CHARACTERIZED in that it is used to manufacture cladding panels, blocks and tiles, which have acoustic absorbent and / or insulating properties.

14. An acoustic absorbent and / or insulating panel CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises the composition for forming an acoustic absorbent and / or insulating material according to claims 1 to 10.

15. The panel according to claim 14, CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises the composition of claim 10 and has a density of 0.2617 g / cm 3 .

16. A method for preparing an acoustic absorbent and / or insulating panel according to claim 12, CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises: a) grinding a previously selected textile material; b) mixing and dry homogenizing the textile material obtained in step a) with sodium alginate; c) adding an aqueous dextrin solution to the mixture resulting in step b); d) homogenizing the mixture resulting in step c); e) pouring the homogeneous mixture obtained in step d) into molds; f) drying the molds containing the homogeneous mixture; g) removing the molds from the molds and cutting them.

17. The method of preparing an acoustic absorbent and / or insulating panel according to claim 16, CHARACTERIZED in that the drying step can be carried out in an open space and / or in a chamber, where said chamber can be open or closed.

18. The method of preparing an absorbent and / or insulating and acoustic panel according to claims 16 and 17, CHARACTERIZED in that the drying temperature is between 25°C and 40°C.

19. The method of preparing an acoustic absorbent and / or insulating panel according to claim 16 to 18, CHARACTERIZED in that the drying time lasts at least 24 hours.

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