Topical composition with improved skin effects

Abstract

A topically applicable, in particular cosmetic composition comprises a combination of active ingredients and particulate lipids having a melting point above 40°C and exhibitig a particle size distribution D50 ranging from >100 nm to 1000 nm. The composition has an improved effectiveness of the active ingredients in cosmetic treatment processes.

Description

[0001] TOPICAL COMPOSITION WITH IMPROVED SKIN EFFECTS

[0002] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] 1. Field of the Invention

[0004] The present invention relates to a topical, particularly cosmetic composition which comprises a specific combination of active ingredients and lipid particles.

[0005] 2. Discussion of Background Information

[0006] Lipid nanoparticles are a colloidal carrier system and have been investigated for providing better chemical protection of a lipophilic cosmetic active or active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), greater control over its release, and better physical stability since the early 1990s.

[0007] The review by Mueller et al., European Journal of Pharmaceutic and Biopharmaceutics, vol. 50, Issue 1, 3 July 2000, pages 181-177, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein, discusses solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and their potential applications. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) are introduced as the new generation of carriers for cosmetics, especially UV blockers for use on human skin and / or hair, and the production thereof is described.

[0008] EP 2099420 Al, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein, discloses cosmetic preparations for topical application containing nanocrystals of cosmetic actives, which result in an increased bioactivity of molecules in the skin, and methods of making the cosmetic preparations. The nanocrystals can be added to any cosmetic topical formulation, e.g., creams, lotions and liposomal dispersions. The drug nanocrystals are produced by a combination process of low energy pearl milling followed by a high energy high-pressure homogenization leading to nanocrystal suspensions (nanosuspensions) of improved physical stability.

[0009] The known characteristics of lipid nanoparticle technology are the ability to enhance the photo stability of photolabile UV absorbers, to sustain the release of UV actives over time, and to reduce skin irritation caused by the actives.

[0010] The lipid nanoparticle technology is focused on entrapping the actives to have the maximum entrapment efficiency in the final products. The ratio of lipids and active as well as the selected types of lipids and oils are important factors which determine the success of the encapsulation. These factors limit the amounts of UV actives used for the entrapment and thus, limit the photoprotection. Therefore, the sun protection factor (SPF) achievable by this technology is only up to about 30.

[0011] The loading capacity of lipid nanoparticles is another problem of this technology since it requires sufficient amounts of surfactants to surround every entrapment to suspend the entrapments in an aqueous medium. Depending on the quality and quantity of surfactants chosen, with most applications of this technology oils can only be suspended in a concentration of up to 30% by weight before sedimentation or agglomeration occurs. It therefore, it is critical to incorporate large amounts of sunscreen actives and simultaneously obtain a formulation with a suitable skin spreadability. Formulations with SPF 50+ are not achievable with this technology, due to the high loading of sunscreen actives needed for this purpose.

[0012] The methods used to heat and cool the lipid nanoparticles are crucial in determining the final morphology of the entrapments. A slight deviation of the speeds of heating and cooling processes may lead to a potential expulsion of actives during storage. Therefore, during storage, the sunscreen actives entrapped in the lipid nanoparticles may be released prematurely from a lipid nanoparticle into the matrix and thus, lose their benefits when applied to skin.

[0013] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0014] The invention provides a topical composition based on an O / W emulsion. The composition comprises one or more active ingredients, one or more particulate lipids with a melting point above about 40°C and optionally, one or more OAV emulsifiers and / or one or more skin adhesion enhancers.

[0015] The composition has a particle size distribution D50 of the particulate lipids in the range from higher than about 100 nm up to about 1000 nm, in particular from about 110 nm to about 500 nm, obtainable by, e.g., high-pressure homogenization of a pre-emulsion.

[0016] The composition of the invention is topically applicable to the skin and preferably is a cosmetic composition.

[0017] The composition comprises one or more active ingredients, particularly cosmetic active ingredients. The composition generally improves, inter alia, the photoprotective performance of sunscreen actives on human skin against damage from sunlight (UV radiation). In addition, the composition generally improves the retention of sunscreen actives on skin after immersion in water, which normally is difficult to achieve.

[0018] Further, the preparation generally improves the effectiveness of the active substances contained therein, leads to improved skin health and, above all, better sun protection. In addition to improved effectiveness, improved applicability and spreadability on the skin is also a potential advantage according to the invention compared to preparations of the prior art.

[0019] The composition of this invention generally is capable of being uniformly deposited on skin and having even seamless coverage between peak and valley surface areas of the skin for enhancing the photoprotection and further improving the water resistance of the product.

[0020] Photoprotection in the instant context refers to any protection from sunlight, including Ultraviolet (UV), visible, and Infrared (IR) radiation. Water resistance of the product in the instant context refers to the capability of retaining the photoprotection provided by the product after rinsing the skin with water and / or immersion in water.

[0021] Unlike the lipid nanoparticle technology that intentionally entraps actives, in particular sunscreen actives for photoprotection, the composition of the invention is believed to solidify actives within the solid lipid particles to achieve high efficacy and high photoprotection. The composition generally is capable of improving the active retention of active ingredient on skin after immersion of the skin in water.

[0022] The technology of this invention may be implemented by passing an oil-in-water preemulsion through a device which is capable of creating a large mechanical force to reduce the size of the lipid particles down to the nanometer region, such as, e.g., a high pressure homogenizer. By adjusting the number of passing cycles through the device, the optimum particle size can be achieved without causing any issues and concerns regarding skin penetration. For forming the lipid nanoparticles for use in this invention any process that is capable of generating large mechanical forces to break down the lipid particles into a smaller size can be employed. Non-limiting examples of such processes include high-pressure homogenization, ultrasonication and phase inversion. Devices which are capable of shearing the lipid particles to result in a particle size range from preferably more than about 100 nm up to about 500 nm and most preferably from about 110 nm to about 300 nm may advantageously be employed. Examples of a large mechanical force (energy) of the device can be a force created by a high- pressure homogenizer at a pressure of 500-5000 psi plus an additional shearing force generated by the passage of the emulsion through a small orifice.

[0023] The (nano)particle size employed in this invention is outside the definition of a nanoparticle according to the FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) and the European (EU) cosmetic regulations. According to the 2014 FDA Guidance on Nanotechnology, only particles having external dimensions or an internal surface structure of 1-100 nm are considered to be “nanoparticles”. Therefore, the particles created with the technology of this invention are not considered nanoparticles according to these regulations.

[0024] Particles are 3-dimensional objects, and unless they are perfect spheres (e.g., emulsions or bubbles), they cannot be fully described by a single dimension such as a radius or diameter. In order to simplify the measurement process, it is often convenient to define the particle size using the concept of equivalent spheres. In this case the particle size is defined by the diameter of an equivalent sphere having the same property as the actual particle.

[0025] In the present case, for particle size distributions the median is called the D50 (see certain ISO guidelines). A particle size distribution D50 means that at this value 50% of the particles have a size (e.g., diameter) below this value and 50 % of the particles have a size (e.g., diameter) above this value.

[0026] During application, this composition of this invention is capable of forming a lipid film on the surface of the skin and has controlled occlusive properties which afford reduced water loss and increased hydration of the skin. In addition, the composition of this invention can reduce the penetration of actives, especially sunscreen actives, through the skin by keeping them on the surface of the skin to support skin health and provide photoprotection. Surprisingly, the composition of this invention generally has a better skin feel than regular sunscreen lotions during application and does not exhibit the typical greasy after-feel of regular sunscreen lotions.

[0027] The lipid particles of the composition of this invention are solid below about 40 °C, and preferably are solid at room temperature (20 °C) and / or at body temperature (37 °C). In this invention, the solid state of lipid particles at a temperature below about 40 °C can, for example, be in the form of a soft, semi-hard or hard oil-gel that is capable of providing an occlusion effect to prevent UV filter substances, for example, from penetrating and / or diffusing into intercellular spaces of the skin by forming a lipid film on the surface of the skin.

[0028] Lipid nanoparticles for use in this invention are preferably compatible with UV filters and capable of scattering and / or reflecting UV rays in synergism with the UV filters.

[0029] Lipid nanoparticles for use in this invention are preferably capable of providing good substantivity on the skin surface where active ingredients, especially sunscreens, are intended to be active.

[0030] The lipids are preferably selected from natural and synthetic lipids such as vegetable oils, hydrogenated vegetable oils, squalene, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, tristearin, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, ethers, esters, butters, and waxes.

[0031] The lipids are preferably selected from rice brain oil, glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl distearate, glyceryl behenate, lauryl laurate, polyhydroxy stearic acid, cetyl palmitate, cetearyl alcohol, hydrogenated castor oil, jojoba butter, beeswax, candelilla wax, bayberry wax, rice bran wax, carnauba wax, sunflower wax, microcrystalline wax, and combinations thereof.

[0032] The concentration of the one or more lipids in the composition of this invention preferably ranges from about 0.01 % to about 40 % by weight, more preferably from about 1 % to about 25 % by weight, particularly preferably from about 5 % to about 15 % by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0033] The lipid nanoparticles in the composition of this invention can further be dispersed in an aqueous medium preferably in the range of from about 0.1 % to about 48% by weight, more preferably from about 5 % to about 45 % by weight, particularly preferably from about 10 % to about 40 % by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0034] The composition of the invention preferably comprises one or more O / W emulsifiers. Nonlimiting examples of suitable OAV emulsifiers include hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine, polysorbate 60, polyglyceryl esters, polyglyceryl-4 laurate, poly glyceryl- 6 laurate, poly glyceryl- 6 oleate, polyglyceryl-4 stearate, polyglyceryl-10 stearate, polyglyceryl-3 methyl glucose distearate, polyglyceryl-6 stearate, poly glyceryl- 6 behenate, polyglyceryl-3 distearate, and polyglyceryl-6 distearate.

[0035] Preferred emulsifiers include polyglyceryl esters, in particular polyglyceryl-3 distearate and / or polyglyceryl-3 methylglucose distearate.

[0036] These polyglyceryl esters are capable of forming a lamellar gel network that is an interconnected network structure with an elastic-like rheology property. This gel network is more hydrophobic than typical oil-in-water emulsions and thus, difficult to rinse off. In addition, due to its interconnected structure the gel network is more robust and stable than a typical oil-in-water emulsion.

[0037] It is preferable to use emulsifiers with good biocompatibility and biodegradability.

[0038] The concentration of the one or more emulsifiers in the composition of the invention preferably ranges from about 0.01 % to about 30 % by weight, more preferably from about 0.5 % to about 20 % by weight, particularly preferably from about 1 % to about 15 % by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. In addition, the composition of the invention preferably comprises one or more skin adhesion enhancers.

[0039] The skin adhesion enhancers are preferably selected from fumed silica, hydrophobic modified fumed silica, hydrated silicate, amorphous silica, crystalline silica, magnesium aluminum silicates, aluminosilicates, hectorite, bentonite, laponite, clays, smectite clays, kaolinite, montmorillonite, and combinations thereof.

[0040] The one or more skin adhesion enhancers usually are employed in a concentration of from about 0.1 % to about 10 % by weight, preferably from about 0.2 % to 6 %, by weight, more preferably from about 0.5 % to about 4 % by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0041] Skin adhesion enhancers in the context of this invention are capable of enhancing the skin affinity of the composition applied onto the skin. Additionally, they are compatible with active ingredients such as, e.g., UV filters and are capable of stabilizing the composition and preventing it from coalescing by staying between the oil-water interface of the emulsion and further carrying the composition onto the skin.

[0042] The composition of the invention comprises one or more active ingredients, especially cosmetic active ingredients. The active ingredients are preferably selected from light protection filters, moisturizers, active skin care ingredients such as, e.g., hyaluronic acid, niacinamide, ceramides, retinol, AHAs, BHAs, vitamins A, C and E, and peptides.

[0043] The skin actives in the composition of this invention are preferably capable of promoting the production of collagen and other proteins for building the skin extracellular matrix, increasing skin firmness, elasticity, smoothness, and hydration, reducing the appearance of skin blemishes, uneven tone, and pigment spots as well as, but not limited to, reducing acne and wrinkles. Non-limiting examples of these skin actives can be lipophilic and / or hydrophilic actives which include, e.g., Thiamidol® (A-[4-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-l,3-thiazol-2-yl]-2- methylpropanamid), coenzyme Q10, albumin, peptides, hyaluronic acid, retinol (vitamin A), niacinamide, bakuchiol, salicylic acid, and glycolic acid.

[0044] Light protection filters as actives in the composition of this invention are preferably selected from homosalate, ethylhexyl salicylate, octocrylene, avobenzone, ethylhexyl triazone, bisethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine, phenylbenzimidazolesulfonic acid, diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate, benzophenone, camphor derivatives, and ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, as well as physical sunscreens, especially zinc oxide and titanium dioxide.

[0045] The concentration of the one or more active ingredients is advantageously in the range from about 0.1 % to about 85 % by weight, preferably from about 2 % to about 50 % by weight, more preferably from about 5 % to about 30 % by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0046] In addition, the composition according to the invention preferably comprises one or more natural or synthetic antioxidants. The natural or synthetic antioxidants can be included in this composition to maintain and / or increase the efficacy of the photoprotection. Antioxidants preferably used in this invention are capable of interacting with and / or neutralizing free radicals, thus minimizing UV-induced oxidative damage and mitigating skin photoaging. Natural antioxidants included in this invention can be selected from plant sources, microalgae, vegetables.

[0047] Non-limiting examples of skin actives for use in the composition of this invention include free-radical scavengers, antioxidants, anti-irritants and anti-inflammatory agents, including tocopherol (vitamin E), ascorbic acid (vitamin C), sodium ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbyl palmitate, beta-carotene, glycyrrhetinic acid, Glycyrrhiza Inflata root extract, liccochalcone, especially, liccochalcone A, bisabolol, allantoin, black currant seed oil, rice bran oil, rice germ oil, soybean oil, phytosterol, oryzanol, ferulic acid, ricetrienol, and diethylhexyl syringylidenemalonate. The composition of the invention can be used in various application forms.

[0048] Examples of application forms include cream, lotion, stick, roll-on, ointment, butter, paste, pump spray, aerosol spray and, not limiting, a gel, preferably cream and lotion.

[0049] The preparation of the invention can be used for improving the effectiveness of active substances in cosmetic treatment processes, especially for improving the photoprotective effect in comparison to a sun protection composition that comprises the same amount of sun protective active ingredients.

[0050] The composition of the invention may also be used for an improved release of active substances onto or into the skin.

[0051] Likewise, an equally effective skin improvement can be achieved with the same amount of active ingredient, i.e., compared to a composition without the inventive combination, and with the same UV filter content an increased SPF is achievable. This also means that the same SPF can be obtained with a lower amount of UV filter. In other words, the amount of UV filter can thus be reduced and the same light protection can still be achieved.

[0052] Surprisingly, a high-pressure homogenization (HPH) of an O / W emulsion alone does not result in improved product performance. Not all compositions which are obtainable by means of an HPH process are capable of providing the effects and especially the photoprotection benefits obtainable by the composition of the invention. In this regard, the particulate lipids play a critical role.

[0053] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

[0054] In the accompanying drawing, the only Figure is a graph showing the results of the experiments set forth below. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

[0055] The particulars shown herein are by way of example and for purposes of illustrative discussion of the embodiments of the present invention only and are presented in the cause of providing what is believed to be the most useful and readily understood description of the principles and conceptual aspects of the present invention. In this regard, no attempt is made to show details of the present invention in more detail than is necessary for the fundamental understanding of the present invention, the description making apparent to those of skill in the art how the several forms of the present invention may be embodied in practice.

[0056] Process

[0057] The lipid phase and the water phase of four cosmetic compositions (A, B, C, D, see table below) are separately heated to 80 °C. Then the two phases are combined using a high-shear mixer to form a pre-emulsion. After cooling down to room temperature, the pre-emulsions of sample B and sample D are further processed through a high-pressure homogenizer at 500- 1,500 bar. This cycle is repeated with three to five consecutive runs until the particle size of the lipids has fallen within the range of from > 100 nm to 500 nm.

[0058] Examples A, B:

[0059]

[0060] The compositions of sample A and sample B are identical and the compositions of sample C and sample D are identical as well. All samples are processed through a high shear mixer to form a pre-emulsion. Only sample B and sample D are further processed through a high- pressure homogenizer to reduce the particle size.

[0061] Malvern static laser light diffraction (Mastersizer 3000) was used to measure the particle size distribution. The calculation is based on the model of the Mie-theory.

[0062] From the light diffraction data it can be taken that the particle size distributions (D50) of sample B and sample D are within the range of from 110 nm to 500 nm. This confirms that a high-pressure homogenizer is capable of reducing the particle size down to the range suitable for use in the instant invention.

[0063] A Labsphere UV-2000 Ultraviolet Transmittance Analyzer further was used to measure the diffuse transmittance of the samples in the ultraviolet wavelength region from 250 nm to 450 nm. The measurement complied with industry standards for in-vitro sunscreen analysis.

[0064] The results of the measurements are shown in the Figure.

[0065] In addition, Solar Light Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) was used to measure the reflectance of UVA attenuation for in-vivo sunscreen analysis for samples A, B, C and D (see table below).

[0066] From the Labsphere results, it can be taken that the in-vitro UV absorbance of sample B is almost triple the absorbance of (compositionally identical) sample A. The results obtained with DRS indicate a similar trend in that sample B has a higher UVA reflectance than sample A.

[0067] In contrast, the Labsphere and DRS results show that sample D is not significantly different from (compositionally identical) sample C. Thus, the high-pressure homogenization of sample C does not result in a significant improvement.

[0068] Sample B contains lipid nanoparticles and has been processed by a high-pressure homogenizer. These results set forth above show that sample B has a strong affinity to skin and is capable of sustaining UV actives on skin to enhance UV absorption, thereby providing a better photoprotection. In addition, the lipid nanoparticles in sample B were densely packed on the surface of the skin and formed an occlusive film on the skin that provides additional skin benefits such as improved moisturization.

[0069] Sample D did not contain lipid particles and failed to enhance the UV absorbance of the formula. During application, a layer of small oil droplets resting on the surface of the skin was observed. This indicates that sample D exhibits no skin affinity and does not enhance the UV absorbance.

[0070] Therefore, the inventive combination of particulate lipids with a melting point above 40°C and the reduction of their particle size distribution to the range of from about >100 nm to about 1000 nm, in particular from about 110 nm to about 500 nm, affords the advantages and improvements set forth above. Preferably, ingredients of the composition according to the invention can be selected in the following ranges. The ranges below are not limiting, and the numbers refer to proportions by weight based on the total weight of the composition.

[0071] Examples

Claims

Claims1. A topically applicable composition, wherein the composition is based on an OAV emulsion which comprises one or more active ingredients and one or more particulate lipids having a melting point above 40°C, the particulate lipids exhibiting a particle size distribution D50 ranging from >100 nm to 1000 nm.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the particulate lipids exhibit a particle size distribution D50 ranging from 110 nm to 500 nm.

3. The composition of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the particulate lipids comprise one or more lipids selected from one or more of vegetable oils, hydrogenated vegetable oils, squalene, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, tristearin, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, ethers, esters, butters, waxes.

4. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the particulate lipids comprise one or more of rice brain oil, glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl distearate, glyceryl behenate, lauryl laurate, polyhydroxy stearic acid, cetyl palmitate, cetearyl alcohol hydrogenated castor oil, jojoba butter, beeswax, candelilla wax, bayberry wax, rice bran wax, carnauba wax, sunflower wax, microcrystalline wax.

5. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition comprises the one or more particulate lipids in a concentration of from 0.01 % to 40 % by weight, preferably from 1 % to 25 %, more preferably from 5 % to 15 %, based on a total weight of the composition.

6. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition further comprises one or more OAV emulsifiers.

7. The composition of claim 6, wherein the one or more O / W emulsifiers comprise one or more of hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine, polysorbate 60, polyglyceryl esters, polyglyceryl-4 laurate, polyglyceryl-6 laurate, polyglyceryl-6 oleate, polyglyceryl-4 stearate, poly glyceryl -10 stearate, poly glyceryl- 3 methylglucose distearate, polyglyceryl-6 stearate, polyglyceryl-6 behenate, polyglyceryl-3 distearate, polyglyceryl-6 distearate.

8. The composition of claim 6 wherein the one or more OAV emulsifiers comprise one or more emulsifiers selected from polyglyceryl esters, in particular polyglyceryl-3 distearate and / or polyglyceryl-3 methylglucose distearate.

9. The composition of any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the one or more O / W emulsifiers are present in a concentration of from 0.01 % to 30 % by weight, preferably from 0.5 % to 20 % by weight, more preferably from 1 % to 15 % by weight, based on a total weight of the composition.

10. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition further comprises one or more skin adhesion enhancers.

11. The composition of claim 10, wherein the one or more skin adhesion enhancers comprise one or more of fumed silica, hydrophobic modified fumed silica, hydrated silicate, amorphous silica, crystalline silica, magnesium aluminum silicate, aluminosilicate, hectorite, bentonite, laponite, clay, smectite clay, kaolinite, montmorillonite.

12. The composition of claim 10 or claim 11, wherein the one or more skin adhesion enhancers are present in a concentration of from 0.1 % to 10 % by weight, preferably 0.2 % to 6 % by weight, more preferably from 0.5 % to 4 % by weight, based on a total weight of the composition.

13. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the one or more active ingredients are selected from one or more of light protection filters, moisturizers, active skin care ingredients, and peptides.

14. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the one or more active ingredients comprise one or more of hyaluronic acid, niacinamide, ceramides, retinol, AHAs, BHAs, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, A-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-l,3-thiazol-2-yl]-2- methylpropanamide, coenzyme Q10, albumin, bakuchiol, salicylic acid, glycolic acid.

15. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the one or more active ingredients comprise one or more light protection filters selected from homosalate, ethylhexyl salicylate, octocrylene, avobenzone, ethylhexyltriazone, bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine, phenylbenzimidazolesulfonic acid, diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate, benzophenone, camphor derivatives, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, and physical sunscreens, especially zinc oxide and titanium dioxide.

16. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the one or more active ingredients are present in a concentration of from 0.1 % to 85 % by weight, preferably from 2 % to 50 % by weight, more preferably from 5 % to 30 % by weight, based on a total weight of the composition.

17. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition further comprises one or more natural or synthetic antioxidants.

18. The composition of claim 17, wherein the one or natural or synthetic antioxidants comprise one or more antioxidants selected from plant sources, microalgae and vegetables, preferably from tocopherol (vitamin E), ascorbic acid (vitamin C), sodium ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbyl palmitate, beta-carotene, glycyrrhetinic acid, Glycyrrhiza Inflata root extract, liccochalcone, preferably liccochalcone A, bisabolol, allantoin, black currant seed oil, rice bran oil, rice germ oil, soybean oil, phytosterol, oryzanol, ferulic acid, ricetrienol, and diethylhexyl syringylidenemalonate.

19. A method of improving the effectiveness of an active ingredient in a cosmetic treatment, wherein the method comprises including the active ingredient in a composition of any one of the preceding claims.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the active ingredient is a photoprotective substance.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the amount of photoprotective substance for achieving a certain SPF value is reduced in comparison to a composition without the one or more particulate lipids.

22. A method of improving the release of an active ingredient into the skin, wherein the method comprises including the active ingredient in a composition of any one of claims 1 to

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