Electrical power supply circuit for a vehicle electrical energy storage unit

Abstract

The invention relates to a primary circuit capable of being connected to a voltage network (5), which circuit comprises: - a primary control unit (3a), - a voltage rectifier (11) comprising: o a first switching arm (B1), comprising two controllable electronic switches (12a) in series, on either side of a first midpoint (13a), o a second switching arm (B2), comprising two controllable electronic switches (12b) in series, on either side of a second midpoint (13b), o the first and second midpoints being able to be connected to the voltage network (5), - a first primary capacitor (14a) between the first midpoint of the voltage rectifier and the ground of the primary circuit, - a second primary capacitor (14b) between the second midpoint of the voltage rectifier and the ground of the primary circuit, - an inverter (17) mounted in series with the voltage rectifier, the primary control unit (3a) being configured to: - (i) determine a primary filtering duty cycle αAVG1 on the basis of the integral of the sum of the current In1 at the output of the voltage rectifier (11) and the current at the input of the inverter (17), of the voltage VDC at the output of the voltage rectifier and the capacitance values of the first and second primary capacitors (14a, 14b), - (ii) determine the primary difference Δαp between the first and second primary duty cycles to be applied to the first (B1) and second (B2) switching arms so as to regulate the voltage VDC at the output of the voltage rectifier, and - (iii) control the first (B1) and second (B2) switching arms with the following first and second primary duty cycles α1 and α2: α1 = αAVG1 + Formula (I) and α2 = αAVG1 -<sb / >Formula (I), where Δαp = α1 -<sb / >α2.

Description

[0001] Power supply circuit of a vehicle electrical energy storage unit

[0002] The present invention relates to an electrical circuit, in particular a contactless electrical supply circuit for a vehicle electrical energy storage unit.

[0003] The electrical energy storage unit has, for example, a nominal voltage of 12V, 48V, 60V or more, for example greater than 300V, for example 400V, 800V or 1000V

[0004] It is known to electrically power a vehicle electrical energy storage unit by contactless transmission using inductive coupling at a power of between 3 and 50 kW, when the vehicle is stationary or when it is moving. This contactless transmission power supply is then carried out by means of distant electrical sub-circuits that are magnetically coupled and tuned to the same resonant frequency. The magnetically coupled sub-circuits each implement an LC-type resonant cell.

[0005] The solution according to the application filed in France under No. 22 09978 on 09 / 30 / 2022 which is not part of the enforceable state of the art consists of applying an alternating voltage to the terminals of a primary inductive cell coupled by inductive coupling to a secondary inductive cell which, by impedance adaptation, makes it possible to transmit low-frequency electrical energy into an electrical energy storage unit, for example an electric vehicle battery.

[0006] The primary inductive cell is powered by an inverter requiring a rectifier which transforms the alternating current from the electrical network (with a frequency of 50 Hz in Europe) into a direct voltage VDC.

[0007] To maintain current consumption on the AC part in sinusoidal form and in phase with the voltage itself sinusoidal and thus obtain a power factor close to 1 for the device, it is possible to use several solutions combining the rectification and power factor correction functions.

[0008] Most of these solutions do not allow sufficient energy to be stored to filter the rectified 50Hz signal, and as a result the power available to charge the battery is pulsed at a frequency of 100Hz. This low-frequency ripple is problematic because it reduces the energy efficiency of the operation and accelerates battery aging. For example, one could passively filter the 100Hz alternating current with very large inductive and capacitive components, or add an additional converter whose purpose is to perform active filtering. These solutions are expensive and consequently unattractive.

[0009] Also, the low frequency electrical energy transfer device generates harmonics with frequencies of 3 kHz and 6 kHz which can pollute the AC part where the rectification and power factor correction functions are performed.

[0010] Serban et al. (A novel transistor less power decoupling solution for single phase inverters) propose an electronic structure allowing the rectification / inverter function to be realized at low frequencies, power factor correction and active filtering of 50 Hz.

[0011] This solution is presented with a control law allowing to filter the sinusoidal component of the AC part so that it does not end up on the DC part. On the other hand, this document does not address the problem of filtering from the DC part to the AC part. In addition, the method used is the result of a control which presents a weakness due to the current measurement made on the DC part, which presents a delay compared to the noise source, i.e. the effective current generated by the inverter.

[0012] There is therefore a need to address the previous technical problems, allowing filtering both from the AC part to the DC part and from the DC part to the AC part, and without delay relative to the noise source(s).

[0013] The invention aims to meet this need and achieves this by means of an electrical circuit capable of being connected to a voltage network and capable of being integrated into an electrical supply circuit of a contactless electrical energy storage unit controlled by a control unit so as to filter the 50 Hz and 100 Hz currents / voltages coming from the voltage network.

[0014] The subject of the invention, according to one of its aspects, is a primary circuit capable of being connected to a voltage network, comprising:

[0015] - a primary control unit,

[0016] - a voltage rectifier comprising: o a first switching arm, comprising two electronic switches controllable in series, on either side of a first midpoint, o a second switching arm, comprising two electronic switches controllable in series, on either side of a second midpoint, o the first and second midpoints being capable of being connected to the voltage network,

[0017] - a first primary capacitor between the first midpoint of the voltage rectifier and the ground of the primary circuit,

[0018] - a second primary capacitor between the second midpoint of the voltage rectifier and the ground of the primary circuit,

[0019] - an inverter connected in cascade with the voltage rectifier, the primary control unit being configured to:

[0020] (i) determining a primary filtering duty cycle OIAVGI on the basis of the integral of the sum of the output current of the voltage rectifier and the input current of the inverter, the voltage VDC at the output of the voltage rectifier and the capacitance values ​​of the first and second primary capacitors,

[0021] (ii) determine the primary difference Aa p between the first and second primary duty cycles to be applied to the first (B1) and second (B2) switching arms so as to regulate the voltage VDC at the output of the voltage rectifier, and

[0022] (iii) controlling the first and second switching arms with first and second primary duty cycles ai and a2, as follows: with Aa p = a — a2.

[0023] The invention as defined above makes it possible, through the presence of the first and second capacitors and the configuration of the control unit, to carry out filtering both from the AC part to the DC part and from the DC part to the AC part, and without delay compared to the noise sources that are the rectifier and the inverter.

[0024] Determination of the primary difference Aa pbetween the first and second primary duty cycles to be applied to the first (B1) and second (B2) switching arms can additionally be carried out so as to carry out a power factor correction. According to the invention, the primary control unit determines quantities from which the first and second primary duty cycles are derived, and not directly these first and second primary duty cycles. Rather than directly calculating two duty cycles which will be respectively applied to the electronic switches of two switching arms, intermediate quantities are calculated, namely the two quantities OIAVGI and Aa p , in order to allow filtering to be carried out both from the AC part to the DC part and from the DC part to the AC part, and without delay compared to the noise sources that are the rectifier and the inverter.

[0025] The primary circuit according to the invention may comprise:

[0026] - a first primary inductance connected in series between the first primary capacitor and the first midpoint, and

[0027] - a second primary inductance connected in series between the second primary capacitor and the second midpoint.

[0028] In this case, the first (respectively second) primary capacitor is not directly connected to the first (respectively second) midpoint of the voltage rectifier but is connected to it indirectly via the first (respectively second) primary inductance.

[0029] The primary circuit according to the invention may comprise in cascade with the inverter a primary inductive cell for contactless energy exchange.

[0030] The primary circuit comprises, for example, a first current sensor mounted to measure the current supplied by the voltage network and a second current sensor mounted in series with the primary inductive cell.

[0031] The electrical network provides, for example, a nominal effective voltage of 230V or 110V with a frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz. The electrical network is, for example, single-phase.

[0032] The power grid is, for example, a regional or national power grid. Alternatively, it may be an independent local network, for example, comprising one or more batteries powered by energy sources such as wind turbines, solar panels, fuel cells, or hydroelectric generators.

[0033] According to one aspect of the invention, the inverter of the primary circuit may comprise:

[0034] - a third switching arm, comprising two electronic switches controllable in series, on either side of a third midpoint, the switches of this third arm being controlled according to a third primary duty cycle a.3 by the primary control unit, - a fourth switching arm, comprising two electronic switches controllable in series, on either side of a fourth midpoint, the switches of this fourth arm being controlled according to a fourth primary duty cycle or by the primary control unit, the inductive cell being mounted between the third and fourth midpoints.

[0035] The third and fourth primary duty cycle are, for example, determined by the primary control unit in order to regulate the electrical energy exchanged without contact.

[0036] The ratio between the capacitance Cl of the first primary capacitor and the capacitance C2 of the second primary capacitor is preferably greater than or equal to 0.8 and less than or equal to 1.2.

[0037] The first and second primary capacitors preferably have stable capacitances, for example the first and second primary capacitors are made of polypropylene film.

[0038] The invention also relates to a secondary circuit, comprising:

[0039] - a secondary control unit,

[0040] - a secondary inductive cell for contactless energy exchange,

[0041] - an impedance adapter comprising: o a first switching arm, comprising two electronic switches controllable in series, on either side of a first midpoint connected to a first terminal of the secondary inductive cell, o a second switching arm, comprising two electronic switches controllable in series, on either side of a second midpoint connected to a second terminal of the secondary inductive cell, the first and second switching arms being mounted in parallel between two DC terminals of the impedance adapter,

[0042] - a first secondary capacitor between the first midpoint of the impedance adapter and the ground of the secondary circuit,

[0043] - a second secondary capacitor between the second midpoint of the voltage rectifier and the ground of the secondary circuit,

[0044] - an electrical energy storage unit mounted between the DC terminals of the impedance adapter, the secondary control unit being configured to: (i) determine a secondary filtering duty cycle UAVG2 based on the integral of the output current of the secondary inductive cell, the voltage Vbatt at the terminals of the electrical energy storage unit and the capacitance values ​​of the first and second secondary capacitors,

[0045] (ii) determine the secondary difference Aa s between the first and second secondary duty cycles to be applied to the first and second switching arms so as to regulate the voltage VAC on the output of the secondary inductive cell, and

[0046] (ii) controlling the first and second switching arms with first and second secondary duty cycles as and ae, as follows: with Aa s = a5— a6.

[0047] The secondary circuit may include a current sensor connected in series with the secondary inductive cell.

[0048] The impedance adapter can work as follows:

[0049] - one of the first and second switching arms switches at the frequency of the energy exchanged without contact, and

[0050] - the other of the first and second arms can switch at a higher frequency, for example equal to or greater than 5 times or 10 times the frequency of the energy exchanged without contact.

[0051] One of the switching arms switches, for example, at the frequency of the energy exchanged without contact with a duty cycle of 50%, and the other switching arm switches at a frequency equal to or greater than that of the energy transmitted from the primary circuit, in particular equal to or greater than 5 times or 10 times the frequency of the energy transmitted from the primary circuit, and with a duty cycle modulated according to the measured alternating current and the voltage on the output of the secondary inductive cell. This embodiment of impedance matching by the two switching arms of the impedance adapter is, for example, as described in the Applicant's application FR 3 140490. The content of this application is incorporated by reference into the present application, with regard to the manner of controlling two switching arms between the midpoints of which an inductive cell is mounted to carry out the impedance matching.

[0052] The secondary circuit may further comprise: a first secondary inductance, mounted between the first midpoint of the impedance adapter and the first terminal of the inductive cell, a second secondary inductance mounted between the second midpoint of the impedance adapter and the second terminal of the inductive cell.

[0053] In this case, the first (respectively second) secondary capacitor is not directly connected to the first (respectively second) midpoint of the impedance adapter but is connected to it indirectly via the first (respectively second) secondary inductance.

[0054] The secondary circuit may also include a third secondary capacitor connected in series between the impedance matcher and the energy storage unit.

[0055] The invention also relates to an electrical power supply circuit for an electrical energy storage unit, this electrical power supply circuit comprising: a primary circuit according to the invention and capable of being connected to a voltage network, and a secondary circuit according to the invention, the primary circuit and the secondary circuit being configured so as to exchange electrical energy without contact by inductive coupling.

[0056] Typically, the input terminals of the primary circuit of the electrical supply circuit according to the invention are connected to a single-phase electrical network having a nominal effective voltage of 230V and a frequency of 50 Hz.

[0057] Typically, the electrical power supply circuit according to the invention comprises an electrical energy storage unit.

[0058] In order to enable contactless exchange of electrical energy between the primary circuit and the secondary circuit, the inductive cell of the primary circuit and the inductive cell of the secondary circuit are configured to exchange electrical energy without contact by inductive coupling.

[0059] The primary inductive cell may include a coil for generating magnetic energy and the secondary inductive cell may include a coil for recovering magnetic energy from the primary inductive cell.

[0060] Where appropriate, these physical coils are chosen so that the primary inductive cell and the secondary inductive cell have substantially the same resonant frequency.

[0061] The contactless exchange by inductive coupling of electrical energy is carried out for example at a frequency lower than 10 kHz, for example 7 kHz, for example 5 kHz, for example lower than 3 kHz, or even lower than 2 kHz or 1 kHz, in particular still substantially equal to 400 Hz or 50 Hz.

[0062] Alternatively, contactless exchange by inductive coupling of electrical energy can be done at a frequency of 85 kHz.

[0063] The invention also relates, according to another of its aspects, to a component for the electrical power supply of an electrical energy storage unit, comprising the electrical circuit as defined above, the component defining in particular a structure rigidly supporting the primary circuit and the secondary circuit. Such a component is commonly called an "on-board charger". This component is capable of being embedded in a hybrid or electric vehicle.

[0064] The invention also relates, according to another of its aspects, to a device for supplying electricity to an electrical energy storage unit, comprising:

[0065] - a charging terminal for a hybrid or electric vehicle, in which the primary circuit of the electrical circuit as defined above is arranged or to which is connected, and

[0066] - a component capable of being embedded in a hybrid or electric vehicle, in which the secondary circuit of the electrical circuit as defined above is arranged.

[0067] This terminal then receives electrical energy from an electrical network via a cable which can be a single-phase cable or a three-phase cable. In this case, the primary circuit and the secondary circuit are not integrated into the same physical component.

[0068] In all of the above, the control units can be configured to control the different switching arms so as to selectively achieve:

[0069] - a charge of the electrical energy storage unit from the voltage network, or

[0070] - a load of the voltage network from the electrical energy storage unit.

[0071] Thus, depending on the need, the exchange of electrical energy can take place in one direction or the other.

[0072] In all of the above, each controllable electronic switch is, for example, a transistor, for example bipolar, MOS or IGBT, or a thyristor. Each controllable electronic switch is, for example, bidirectional.

[0073] In all of the above, each control unit may be a digital processing circuit, for example an ASIC (Application-specific integrated circuit) or a microcontroller. Alternatively, a single control unit, for example a digital processing circuit, may be provided, this control unit controlling the switching arms of the primary circuit and the secondary circuit.

[0074] Alternatively, the control unit is common to the primary circuit and the secondary circuit, and it comprises a primary circuit control module and a secondary circuit control module.

[0075] The invention may be better understood by reading the following description of a non-limiting example of its implementation and by examining the attached drawing in which:

[0076] [Fig. l] schematically represents a primary circuit according to an exemplary implementation of the invention,

[0077] [Fig.2] is a block diagram of the operation of the primary control unit of a primary circuit according to the invention, and

[0078] [Fig.3] schematically represents a secondary circuit according to an exemplary implementation of the invention.

[0079] Figure 1 shows a primary circuit according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0080] In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the primary circuit 4 is connected to a voltage network 5.

[0081] The voltage 5 network, for example, provides a nominal effective voltage of 230V with a frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz. The voltage 5 network is single-phase here, so that the voltage across the primary circuit is also single-phase.

[0082] Primary circuit 4 includes:

[0083] - a primary control unit 3a,

[0084] - a voltage rectifier 11,

[0085] - a first primary capacitor 14a,

[0086] - a second primary capacitor 14b,

[0087] - an inverter 17.

[0088] The voltage rectifier 11 comprises:

[0089] - a first switching arm B1, comprising two controllable electronic switches 12a in series, on either side of a first midpoint 13a, and - a second switching arm B2, comprising two controllable electronic switches 12b in series, on either side of a second midpoint 13b,

[0090] The first and second midpoints 13a, 13b of the voltage rectifier 11 are connected to the voltage network 5.

[0091] The first primary capacitor 14a is mounted between the first midpoint 13a of the voltage rectifier 11 and the ground of the primary circuit.

[0092] The second primary capacitor 14b is mounted between the second midpoint 13b of the voltage rectifier 11 and the ground of the primary circuit.

[0093] Preferably, the ratio between the capacitance Cl of the first primary capacitor 14a and the capacitance C2 of the second primary capacitor 14b is greater than or equal to 0.8 and less than or equal to 1.2.

[0094] According to one embodiment, the first and second primary capacitors have stable capacitances, for example the first and second primary capacitors are made of polypropylene film.

[0095] As shown in Figure 1, the inverter 17 is cascaded with the voltage rectifier 11.

[0096] The primary control unit 3a is configured to:

[0097] (i) determining a primary filtering duty cycle OIAVGI on the basis of the integral of the sum of the current Li at the output of the voltage rectifier 11 and the current at the input of the inverter 17, the voltage VDC at the output of the voltage rectifier and the capacitance values ​​of the first and second primary capacitors 14a, 14b,

[0098] (ii) determine the primary difference Aa p between the first and second primary duty cycles to be applied to the first B1 and second B2 switching arms so as to regulate the voltage VDC at the output of the voltage rectifier, and possibly to make a power factor correction, and

[0099] (iii) controlling the first B1 and second B2 switching arms with first and second primary duty cycles ai and a2, as follows: with Aa p = a — a2.

[0100] In the example shown in Figure 1, the primary circuit also comprises: - a first primary inductance 16a connected in series between the first primary capacitor 14a and the first midpoint 13a of the voltage rectifier 11, and

[0101] - a second primary inductance 16b connected in series between the second primary capacitor 14b and the second midpoint 13b of the voltage rectifier 11.

[0102] The first primary inductance has a value greater than or equal to 100nH and less than or equal to ImH.

[0103] The second primary inductance has a value greater than or equal to 100nH and less than or equal to ImH.

[0104] As shown in Figure 1, the primary circuit may include third 14c, fourth 14d and fifth 14e primary capacitors connected in parallel between the output of the voltage rectifier 11 and the inverter 17.

[0105] The inverter 17 of the primary circuit may include:

[0106] - a third switching arm B3, comprising two controllable electronic switches 12c in series, on either side of a third midpoint 13c, the switches of this third arm being controlled according to a third primary duty cycle a.3 by the primary control unit 3a,

[0107] - a fourth switching arm B4, comprising two controllable electronic switches 12d in series, on either side of a fourth midpoint 13d, the switches of this fourth arm being controlled according to a fourth primary duty cycle or by the primary control unit 3a.

[0108] Each switching arm Bl, B2, B3, B4 of the primary circuit 4 here comprises two controllable electronic switches 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, such as MOS, IGBT or bipolar transistors, or thyristors.

[0109] As shown in Figure 1, the primary circuit may comprise in cascade with the inverter 17 a primary inductive cell 10 for contactless energy exchange.

[0110] The primary inductive cell is mounted between the third and fourth midpoints of the inverter 17.

[0111] The primary inductive cell 10 here comprises a coil 15a in series with a sixth primary capacitor 14f allowing the generation of magnetic energy. The coil has for example an inductance greater than or equal to ImH and less than or equal to 100mH.

[0112] According to the embodiment of Figure 1, and although this is not shown, the primary circuit 4 may comprise a first current sensor mounted so as to measure the current supplied by the voltage network 5 and a second current sensor mounted in series with the primary inductive cell 10. These current sensors can advantageously send information on the measured currents to the primary control unit 3a.

[0113] As shown in Figure 1, the primary circuit is supplied at the input by a current IAC (t) and generates at the output of the voltage rectifier a current Li (t) and a voltage VDC. As shown in Figure 1, the inverter 17 generates a current L2 (t) on its DC output and the current I p(t) on its alternating output which circulates in the primary inductive cell 10. The continuous parts of the currents Li and L2 are useful for the transfer of power, while the alternating parts of said currents Li(t) and I n 2(t) are parasitic currents that we want to filter.

[0114] The primary control unit 3a is here configured to act on the first al and second a2 primary duty cycles so that the alternating part of the current Li (t) compensates for the alternating part of the current L2 (t) and to regulate the voltage VDC at the output of the voltage rectifier, and possibly make a power factor correction.

[0115] In the frequency band concerning the alternating part, in particular between 100Hz and 20 kHz, the currents I ni (t) and I n 2 (t) present the following expressions (1) and (2):

[0116] The current drawn from the AC part depends on the difference in the duty cycles ai(t)-a.2(t). Also, the average voltages present on the first and second primary capacitors 14a and 14b make it possible to store energy proportional to the squared sum of the two duty cycles (ai(t)+oi2 (t)) 2 .

[0117] With identical capacities Cl and C2 for the first and second primary capacitors, i.e. Cl=C2=C / 2, the average current If(t) forced on the VDC part by active filtering follows the following expression:

[0118] The example described makes it possible to generate a forced average current which is the exact and instantaneous complement of the alternating parts of the currents Li(t) and In2(t), i.e.:

[0119] The primary filtering duty cycle OIAVGI then has the following expression.

[0120] Using expressions (1) and (2), the previous expression becomes:

[0121] This last expression shows that the active filtering current can be controlled synchronously with the two noise sources, namely the rectified 50Hz signal from the input AC network, and the rectified 3kHz signal consumed to power the inverter and the primary inductive cell, by performing a numerical integral of the measured alternating currents IAC and I p , with duty cycles that the product generates and the measured VDC voltage. This is instantaneous compensation. Such instantaneous compensation is faster in physical response time and requires fewer CPU resources than a control law based on a servo law.

[0122] As illustrated in Figure 2, the control law used by the primary control unit consists of two parts:

[0123] - a first part 100 which generates the difference in the duty cycle ratios a (t) - ai (t) advantageously making it possible to regulate the average voltage VDC and possibly to carry out the power factor correction function, this first part 100 implementing for example a current loop nested in a voltage loop,

[0124] - a second part 110 which generates the primary UAVOI filtering duty cycle based on the integral of the currents to be filtered generated by the switching arms connected to the VDC part and constituted by the switching arms of the voltage rectifier and the inverter.

[0125] Advantageously, the filtering of the alternating parts of the currents I ni (t) and I n2 (t) allows to significantly reduce the caliber of the capacitance of the rectifier of an electrical storage unit exchanging energy without contact with the primary circuit 4. An example of determining the difference in the duty cycles a (t) - ai (t) allowing to regulate the average voltage VDC and possibly to carry out the power factor correction is illustrated in A. TAUSIF et al., (2019). Single-Stage Isolated Electrolytic Capacitor- Less EV Onboard Charger With Power Decoupling. CPSS transactions on power electronics and applications, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 30-39.

[0126] Also, with the integral calculation which performs a low-pass filtering type, it is possible to realize a high-pass filter transfer function with a very low cut-off frequency (<10Hz) to block the possible small continuous components in the measurements of the IAC and I currents p to avoid saturating the integrators.

[0127] This control strategy can be applied to a circuit comprising a plurality of N-phase inverters and rectifiers (including three-phase) and regardless of the number of consumers and transmitters on the network.

[0128] The capacitance Cl of the first primary capacitor 14a may be greater than or equal to 100OnF and less than or equal to ImF.

[0129] The capacitance C2 of the second primary capacitor 14b may be greater than or equal to 100OnF and less than or equal to ImF.

[0130] The capacitance C3 of the third primary capacitor 14c can be greater than or equal to 100OnF and less than or equal to ImF.

[0131] The capacitance C4 of the fourth primary capacitor 14d may be greater than or equal to 100OnF and less than or equal to ImF.

[0132] The capacitance C5 of the fifth primary capacitor 14e can be greater than or equal to 100OnF and less than or equal to ImF.

[0133] The capacitance C6 of the sixth primary capacitor 14f can be greater than or equal to 100OnF and less than or equal to ImF.

[0134] The invention also relates to a secondary circuit. An example of a secondary circuit is shown in Figure 3. According to the embodiment shown in Figure 3, the secondary circuit comprises:

[0135] - a secondary control unit 3b,

[0136] - a secondary inductive cell 20 for contactless energy exchange,

[0137] - an 18 impedance adapter,

[0138] - a first secondary capacitor 14g,

[0139] - a second secondary capacitor 14h, and

[0140] - an electrical energy storage unit 2 connected in series with the impedance adapter.

[0141] In the embodiment shown in Figure 3, the impedance adapter 18 comprises:

[0142] - a first switching arm B5, comprising two controllable electronic switches 12e in series, on either side of a first midpoint 13e connected to a first terminal of the secondary inductive cell,

[0143] - a second switching arm B6, comprising two controllable electronic switches 12f in series, on either side of a second midpoint 13f connected to a second terminal of the secondary inductive cell. The first and second midpoints 12e, 12f of the impedance adapter 18 are connected to the secondary inductive cell 20.

[0144] The first secondary capacitor 14g is mounted between the first midpoint 13e of the voltage rectifier 11 and the ground of the secondary circuit.

[0145] The second secondary capacitor 14h is mounted between the second midpoint 13f of the voltage rectifier 11 and the ground of the secondary circuit.

[0146] Preferably, the ratio between the capacitance C7 of the first secondary capacitor 14g and the capacitance C8 of the second secondary capacitor 14h is greater than or equal to 0.8 and less than or equal to 1.2.

[0147] According to one embodiment, the first and second secondary capacitors have stable capacitances, for example the first and second primary capacitors are made of polypropylene film.

[0148] The secondary control unit 3b is configured to:

[0149] (i) determining a secondary filtering duty cycle UAVG2 based on the integral of the output current of the secondary inductive cell 20, the voltage Vbatt across the electrical energy storage unit 2 and the capacitance values ​​of the first and second secondary capacitors 14g, 14h,

[0150] (ii) determine the secondary difference Aa sbetween the first and second secondary duty cycles to be applied to the first B1 and second B2 switching arms so as to regulate the voltage VAC on the output of the secondary inductive cell, and

[0151] (ii) controlling the first B5 and second B6 switching arms with first and second secondary duty cycles as and ae, as follows: with Aa s = a5— a6.

[0152] In the example shown in Figure 3, the secondary circuit also includes:

[0153] - a first secondary inductance 16c connected in series between the first secondary capacitor 14g and the first midpoint 13e of the impedance adapter 18, and

[0154] - a second secondary inductance 16d connected in series between the second secondary capacitor 14h and the second midpoint 13 f of the impedance adapter 18.

[0155] The first secondary inductance has a value greater than or equal to 100OnH and less than or equal to ImH.

[0156] The second secondary inductance has a value greater than or equal to 100OnH and less than or equal to ImH.

[0157] As shown in Figure 3, the secondary circuit may include a third secondary capacitor 14i connected in parallel between the output of the impedance adapter 18 and the electrical energy storage unit 2.

[0158] The secondary inductive cell 20 here comprises a coil 15b in series with a fourth secondary capacitor 14j allowing the generation of magnetic energy. The coil has for example an inductance greater than or equal to ImH and less than or equal to 100mH.

[0159] The capacitance C7 of the first secondary capacitor 14g can be greater than or equal to 100OnF and less than or equal to ImF.

[0160] The capacitance C8 of the second secondary capacitor 14h can be greater than or equal to 100OnF and less than or equal to ImF.

[0161] The capacitance C9 of the third secondary capacitor 14i can be greater than or equal to 100OnF and less than or equal to ImF.

[0162] The capacitance CIO of the fourth secondary capacitor 14j can be greater than or equal to 100OnF and less than or equal to ImF.

[0163] As shown in Figure 3, the secondary inductive cell 20 generates a current L (t) rectified by the impedance adapter 18. This rectified current includes an alternating part. By proceeding as for the primary circuit, it is possible to determine the average forced current on the network by the active filtering making it possible to compensate for the alternating part of the current rectified by the impedance adapter 18, and therefore the secondary filtering duty cycle UAVG2 making it possible to obtain this compensation:

[0164] Advantageously, filtering the rectified current based on L(t) makes it possible to eliminate the low frequency components at frequencies F and 2*F (for example 3 kHz and 6 kHz) or even 4*F or 5*Fn in order to relieve as much as possible the effective current in the 14g capacitor and to reduce the number of components devoted to passive filtering.

[0165] The invention also relates to an electrical power supply circuit for an electrical energy storage unit 2, comprising:

[0166] - a primary circuit 4 according to the invention, for example as shown in Figure 1, and - a secondary circuit 6 according to the invention, for example as shown in Figure 3, the primary circuit 4 and the secondary circuit 6 being configured so as to exchange electrical energy without contact by inductive coupling.

[0167] Preferably, the primary circuit and the secondary circuit are configured so that the frequency of transmission of electrical power by induction is less than or equal to 5kHz, for example less than 3kHz, or even less than 2kHz or 1kHz, in particular still substantially equal to 400 Hz or 50 Hz.

[0168] Advantageously, the filtering of the currents Li (t) and I n 2 (t) at the primary circuit level makes it possible to significantly reduce the size of the third secondary capacitor 14i.

[0169] According to a method similar to that illustrated in Figure 2 for the primary part, the person skilled in the art can determine the difference in the secondary duty cycle ratios ae (t) - as (t) allowing the VAC voltage to be regulated on the output of the secondary inductive cell using the elements described in A. TAUSIF et al., (2019). Single-Stage Isolated Electrolytic Capacitor-Less EV Onboard Charger With Power Decoupling. CPSS transactions on power electronics and applications, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 30-39.

[0170] The invention also relates to an electrical power supply circuit for an electrical energy storage unit 2, comprising:

[0171] - a primary circuit 4 according to the invention, for example as shown in Figure 1, and

[0172] - a secondary circuit not having the active filtering functionality according to the invention, the primary circuit 4 and the secondary circuit being configured so as to exchange electrical energy without contact by inductive coupling.

[0173] The invention also relates to an electrical power supply circuit for an electrical energy storage unit 2, comprising:

[0174] - a primary circuit not having the active filtering functionality according to the invention, and

[0175] - a secondary circuit 6 according to the invention, for example as shown in Figure 3, the primary circuit and the secondary circuit 6 being configured so as to exchange electrical energy without contact by inductive coupling.

[0176] The invention also relates to a device for supplying electricity to an electrical energy storage unit, comprising: - a charging terminal for a hybrid or electric vehicle, in which the primary circuit according to the invention is arranged, and

[0177] - a component capable of being installed in a hybrid or electric vehicle, in which the secondary circuit according to the invention is arranged.

[0178] The invention has been described above with the help of embodiments shown in the figure, without limitation of the general inventive concept.

[0179] Many other modifications and variations suggest themselves to those skilled in the art, after reflection on the various embodiments illustrated in this application.

[0180] These embodiments are given by way of example and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is determined exclusively by the claims below.

[0181] In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the use of the indefinite article "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality.

[0182] The mere fact that different features are recited in mutually dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these features cannot be advantageously used. Finally, any reference used in the claims should not be construed as a limitation of the scope of the invention.

Claims

Claims 1. Primary circuit capable of being connected to a voltage network (5), comprising: - a primary control unit (3a), - a voltage rectifier (11) comprising: o a first switching arm (B1), comprising two controllable electronic switches (12a) in series, on either side of a first midpoint (13a), o a second switching arm (B2), comprising two controllable electronic switches (12b) in series, on either side of a second midpoint (13b), o the first and second midpoints being capable of being connected to the voltage network (5), - a first primary capacitor (14a) between the first midpoint of the voltage rectifier and the ground of the primary circuit, - a second primary capacitor (14b) between the second midpoint of the voltage rectifier and the ground of the primary circuit, - an inverter (17) mounted in series with the voltage rectifier, the primary control unit (3a) being configured to: (i) determine a primary filtering duty cycle OIAVGI based on the integral of the sum of the current I ni at the output of the voltage rectifier (11) and the current at the input of the inverter (17), the voltage VDC at the output of the voltage rectifier and the capacitance values ​​of the first and second primary capacitors (14a, 14b), (ii) determine the primary difference Aa p between the first and second primary duty cycles to be applied to the first (B1) and second (B2) switching arms so as to regulate the voltage VDC at the output of the voltage rectifier, and (iii) controlling the first (Bl) and second (B2) switching arms with first and second primary duty cycles ai and a2, as follows: with Aa p = a — a2.

2. Primary circuit according to claim 1, comprising: - a first primary inductance (16a) connected in series between the first primary capacitor (14a) and the first midpoint (13a), and - a second primary inductance (16b) connected in series between the second primary capacitor (14b) and the second midpoint (13b).

3. Primary circuit according to claim 1 or 2, comprising in cascade with the inverter (17) a primary inductive cell (10) for contactless energy exchange.

4. Primary circuit according to the preceding claim, in which the inverter (17) comprises: - a third switching arm (B3), comprising two controllable electronic switches (12) in series, on either side of a third midpoint, the switches of this third arm being controlled according to a third primary duty cycle a.3 by the primary control unit, - a fourth switching arm (B4), comprising two controllable electronic switches (12) in series, on either side of a fourth midpoint, the switches of this fourth arm being controlled according to a fourth primary duty cycle or by the primary control unit, the inductive cell being mounted between the third and fourth midpoints.

5. Primary circuit according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the ratio between the capacitance Cl of the first primary capacitor (14a) and the capacitance C2 of the second primary capacitor (14b) is greater than or equal to 0.8 and less than or equal to 1.

2.

6. A primary circuit according to any preceding claim, wherein the first and second primary capacitors have stable capacitances, for example the first and second primary capacitors are made of polypropylene film.

7. Secondary circuit (6), comprising: - a secondary control unit (3b), - a secondary inductive cell (20) for contactless energy exchange, - an impedance adapter (18) comprising: o a first switching arm (B5), comprising two controllable electronic switches (12e) in series, on either side of a first midpoint (13e) connected to a first terminal of the secondary inductive cell, o a second switching arm (B6), comprising two controllable electronic switches (12f) in series, on either side of a second midpoint (13f) connected to a second terminal of the secondary inductive cell, the first and second switching arms being mounted in parallel between two DC terminals of the impedance adapter, - a first secondary capacitor (14g) between the first midpoint of the impedance adapter and the ground of the secondary circuit, - a second secondary capacitor (14h) between the second midpoint of the voltage rectifier and the ground of the secondary circuit, - an electrical energy storage unit (2) mounted between the DC terminals of the impedance adapter, the secondary control unit (3b) being configured to: (i) determine a secondary filtering duty cycle UAVG2 based on the integral of the current I s at the output of the secondary inductive cell (20), the voltage Vbatt at the terminals of the electrical energy storage unit (2) and the capacitance values ​​of the first and second secondary capacitors (14g, 14h), (ii) determine the secondary difference Aa sbetween the first and second secondary duty cycles to be applied to the first (B1) and second (B2) switching arms so as to regulate the voltage VAC at the output of the secondary inductive cell, (iii) controlling the first (B5) and second (B6) switching arms with first and second secondary duty cycles a.5 and a6, as follows: with Aa s = a5— a6.

8. Secondary circuit according to claim 7, in which the impedance adapter allows impedance matching on its AC input independently of the impedance of the electrical energy storage unit (2), one of the first (B5) and second (B6) switching arms switching at the frequency of the energy exchanged without contact, and the other of the first (B5) and second (B6) arms switching at a frequency greater than or equal to 5 times or 10 times the frequency of the energy exchanged without contact.

9. Electrical power supply circuit of an electrical energy storage unit (2), this electrical power supply circuit comprising: - a primary circuit (4) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and - a secondary circuit (6) according to claim 7 or 8, the primary circuit (4) and the secondary circuit (6) being configured so as to exchange electrical energy without contact by inductive coupling.

10. Power supply circuit according to the preceding claim, in which the primary circuit and the secondary circuit are configured so that the frequency of transmission of electrical power by induction is less than or equal to 5000 Hz.

11. Device for the power supply of an electrical energy storage unit (2), comprising - a charging terminal for a hybrid or electric vehicle, in which the primary circuit (4) according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is arranged or to which the primary circuit (4) is connected, and - a component capable of being installed in a hybrid or electric vehicle, in which the secondary circuit (6) according to claim 7 or 8 is arranged.

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