Radar operation method and apparatus based on ftt signal processing

Abstract

An operation method of a first device (100) in a wireless communication system is presented. The method may comprise the steps of: transmitting a first signal to a second device (200); receiving a second signal; acquiring a third signal by performing N*M point FFT on the basis of the second signal; and acquiring the distance between the first device (100) and the second device (200) on the basis of the third signal.

Description

Radar operation method and device based on FTT signal processing

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

[0002] 5G NR, the successor to LTE (long-term evolution), is a new clean-slate mobile communications system characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, to mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and to high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims to achieve (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) low energy consumption for battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be divided into four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements as shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 can represent an example of the requirements of a 6G system.

[0004] Peak data rate per device 1 Tbps E2E latency 1 ms Max spectral efficiency 100 bps / Hz Mobility support Up to 1000 km / hr Satellite integration Fully AI Fully Autonomous vehicles Fully XR Fully Haptic communications Fully

[0005] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for performing wireless communication by a first device may be provided. For example, the method may include: transmitting a first signal to a second device; receiving a second signal; obtaining a third signal by performing an N*M point fast Fourier transform (FFT) based on the second signal; and obtaining a distance between the first device and the second device based on the third signal.

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device performing wireless communication may be provided. For example, the first device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory executably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that cause the first device to perform operations based on being executed by the at least one processor. For example, the operations may include: transmitting a first signal to a second device; receiving a second signal; performing an N*M point fast Fourier transform (FFT) on the second signal to obtain a third signal; and obtaining a distance between the first device and the second device based on the third signal.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a device configured to control a first terminal may be provided. For example, the device may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory executable and connected to the at least one processor, and having instructions recorded thereon that cause the first terminal to perform operations based on being executed by the at least one processor. For example, the operations may include: transmitting a first signal to a second terminal; receiving a second signal; obtaining a third signal by performing an N*M point fast Fourier transform (FFT) based on the second signal; and obtaining a distance between the first terminal and the second terminal based on the third signal.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a first device to: transmit a first signal to a second device; receive a second signal; obtain a third signal by performing an N*M point fast Fourier transform (FFT) based on the second signal; and obtain a distance between the first device and the second device based on the third signal.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for a second device to perform wireless communication may be provided. For example, the method may include: receiving a first signal from a first device; and transmitting a second signal to the first device, the second signal being a reflected signal of the first signal, wherein an N*M point fast Fourier transform (FFT) is performed based on the second signal, thereby obtaining a third signal for the first device, and a distance between the first device and the second device may be obtained based on the third signal.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device performing wireless communication may be provided. For example, the second device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory executably connected to the at least one processor and having instructions recorded thereon that cause the second device to perform operations based on being executed by the at least one processor. For example, the operations may include: receiving a first signal from a first device; and transmitting a second signal to the first device, wherein the second signal is a reflected signal of the first signal, wherein an N*M point fast Fourier transform (FFT) is performed based on the second signal, thereby obtaining a third signal for the first device, and a distance between the first device and the second device may be obtained based on the third signal.

[0011] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 2 illustrates an electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a typical scenario of an NTN based on a transparent payload, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a typical scenario of an NTN based on a regenerative payload, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 6 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 8 illustrates a procedure for a terminal to perform V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of an architecture in a 5G system capable of positioning a UE connected to a Next Generation-Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) or an E-UTRAN, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 10 illustrates an implementation example of a network for measuring the location of a UE according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a protocol layer used to support LPP (LTE Positioning Protocol) message transmission between an LMF and a UE according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a protocol layer used to support NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) PDU transmission between an LMF and an NG-RAN node according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining an OTDOA (Observed Time Difference Of Arrival) positioning method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 14 illustrates a double-sided RTT according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 15 illustrates a radar device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 16 illustrates a system that transmits sensing signal blocks at regular time intervals and constructs backscatter from reflected signals, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 17 illustrates a signal waveform output through a DAC block of a radar system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 18 illustrates a waveform of a periodic M-point FFT output signal of a radar system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 19 illustrates an N-successive chirp signal-based radar system using a periodic chirp signal-based radar system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 20 illustrates a detection signal waveform of a radar system based on N consecutive chirp signals according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 21 illustrates a radar system based on N consecutive M-sample chirp signals, implemented using M-point FFT outputs, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 22 illustrates a method for solving a performance degradation problem compared to a radar system transmitting actual N consecutive M-sample chirp signals, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. 23 illustrates a procedure in which a first device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 24 illustrates a procedure for a second device to perform wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] Fig. 25 shows a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] FIG. 26 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] FIG. 27 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0038] FIG. 28 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0039] FIG. 29 illustrates a mobile device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0040] FIG. 30 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0041] As used herein, "A or B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." In other words, as used herein, "A or B" can be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, as used herein, "A, B or C" can mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0042] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma can mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C."

[0043] In this specification, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B" or "both A and B". Additionally, in this specification, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted identically to "at least one of A and B".

[0044] Additionally, in this specification, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0045] Additionally, parentheses used herein may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, "control information" in this specification is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0046] In the following explanation, ‘when, if, in case of’ can be replaced with ‘based on’.

[0047] Technical features individually described in a single drawing in this specification may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0048] In this specification, higher layer parameters may be parameters that are set for the terminal, preset, or predefined. For example, a base station or network may transmit higher layer parameters to the terminal. For example, higher layer parameters may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0049] In this specification, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being configured or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC) from a base station or network. In this specification, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being preset to a device.

[0050] The technology proposed in this specification can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0051] The technology proposed in this specification can be implemented with 6G wireless technology and applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0052] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0053] New network characteristics in 6G may include:

[0054] - Satellite integrated network

[0055] - Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is revolutionary, upgrading the wireless evolution from "connected objects" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied at every stage of the communication process (or at every signal processing step, as described below).

[0056] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer

[0057] - Ubiquitous super 3D connectivity: Access to networks and core network functions of drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will create super 3D connectivity in 6G ubiquitous.

[0058] Some general requirements for the new network characteristics of 6G, such as the above, may be as follows:

[0059] - small cell networks

[0060] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous network

[0061] - High-capacity backhaul

[0062] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based services) through communications is a key feature of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0063] - Softwarization and virtualization

[0064] Below, the core implementation technologies of the 6G system are described.

[0065] - Artificial Intelligence: Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. This means AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a crucial role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. Furthermore, AI can facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0066] - THz communication (terahertz communication): Data rates can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be achieved by utilizing sub-THz communication with a wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (Sub-THz band) is considered a major portion of the THz band for cellular communications. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase the capacity of 6G cellular communications. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Figure 2 illustrates the electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates, and (ii) high path loss at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are essential). The narrow beamwidth generated by the highly directional antenna reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies to overcome range limitations.

[0067] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0068] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0069] - Optical wireless technology

[0070] - Free-space optical transmission backhaul network (FSO backhaul network)

[0071] - Quantum communication

[0072] - Cell-free communication

[0073] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0074] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0075] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0076] - Big data analysis

[0077] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface

[0078] - metaverse

[0079] - Block chain

[0080] Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs): UAVs, or drones, will be a key element in 6G wireless communications. In most cases, high-speed data wireless connectivity can be provided using UAV technology. Base stations (BSs) can be installed on UAVs to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs may offer specific capabilities not found in fixed BS infrastructure, such as easy deployment, robust line-of-sight links, and controlled mobility. During emergencies such as natural disasters, deploying terrestrial communications infrastructure is not economically feasible and sometimes cannot provide services in volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle these situations. UAVs will become a new paradigm in wireless communications. This technology facilitates three fundamental requirements for wireless networks: enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also support various purposes, such as enhancing network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6G communications.

[0081] - Advanced air mobility (AAM): AAM is a higher concept than urban air mobility (UAM), which is an air transportation method available in urban areas, and can refer to a means of transportation that includes movement between regional hubs as well as within urban areas.

[0082] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that allows cars to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) wireless communication. Fast transmission speeds and low-latency technologies are essential to maximize autonomous driving performance and ensure high safety. Furthermore, in the future, autonomous driving will go beyond simply providing warnings or guidance messages to drivers and may require active intervention in vehicle operation and direct control of the vehicle in dangerous situations. To this end, the amount of information that needs to be transmitted and received may become enormous, so 6G is expected to maximize autonomous driving with faster transmission speeds and lower latency than 5G.

[0083] - Non-terrestrial networks (NTN): NTN may refer to a network or network segment that uses radio frequency (RF) resources mounted on a satellite (or unmanned aerial system (UAS) platform). FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a typical NTN scenario based on a transparent payload according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a typical NTN scenario based on a regenerative payload according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiments of FIG. 3 or FIG. 4 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 3, a satellite (or UAS platform) may create a service link with a UE. The satellite (or UAS platform) may be connected to a gateway via a feeder link. The satellite may be connected to a data network via the gateway. A beam footprint may refer to an area where a signal transmitted by a satellite can be received. Referring to Figure 4, a satellite (or UAS platform) can establish a service link with a UE. A satellite (or UAS platform) connected to a UE can be connected to another satellite (or UAS platform) via an inter-satellite link (ISL). The other satellite (or UAS platform) can be connected to a gateway via a feeder link. Based on the playback payload, a satellite can be connected to a data network through another satellite and the gateway. If an ISL does not exist between a satellite and another satellite, a feeder link between the satellite and the gateway may be required. Figures 3 and 4 are merely examples of NTN scenarios, and NTN can be implemented based on various scenarios.For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) may implement a transparent or regenerative (with onboard processing) payload. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) may generate multiple beams over a designated service area depending on the field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform). For example, the field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform) may vary depending on the onboard antenna diagram and minimum elevation angle. For example, a transparent payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Therefore, the waveform signal repeated by the payload may not be altered. For example, a regenerative payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation. For example, a regenerative payload may be substantially equivalent to equipping the satellite (or UAS platform) with all or part of the base station functionality.

[0084] - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment. Because radio frequency sensing does not require a device to connect to the object through a network, it can provide a service for object positioning without a device. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can enable a wide range of new capabilities, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Wireless sensing services can provide information to a variety of industries (e.g., drones, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.), enabling applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, and health and traffic management. In some cases, wireless sensing can utilize non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of a wireless sensing service, i.e., a sensing operation, may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing may provide an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from a communication network to a wireless communication and sensing network. FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically, FIG. 5 (a) illustrates an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located at the same location (e.g., monostatic sensing), and FIG. 5 (b) illustrates an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

[0085] The layers of the radio interface protocol between the terminal and the network can be divided into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), and L3 (layer 3) based on the three lower layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) standard model, which is widely known in communication systems. Among these, the physical layer belonging to layer 1 provides an information transfer service using a physical channel, and the RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer located in layer 3 controls radio resources between the terminal and the network. To this end, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the terminal and the base station.

[0086] The physical layer provides information transmission services to higher layers using physical channels. The physical layer is connected to the upper layer, the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, via a transport channel. Data travels between the MAC layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. Transport channels are classified based on how and with what characteristics data is transmitted over the wireless interface.

[0087] Data travels between different physical layers, i.e., between the physical layers of a transmitter and a receiver, via a physical channel. This physical channel can be modulated using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and utilizes time and frequency as radio resources.

[0088] The MAC layer provides services to the upper layer, the radio link control (RLC) layer, through logical channels. The MAC layer provides mapping from multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. Furthermore, the MAC layer provides logical channel multiplexing, which maps multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. The MAC sublayer provides data transmission services on logical channels.

[0089] The RLC layer performs the concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC Service Data Units (SDUs). To guarantee the various Quality of Service (QoS) required by radio bearers (RBs), the RLC layer provides three operating modes: Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and Acknowledged Mode (AM). AM RLC provides error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ).

[0090] The RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer is responsible for controlling logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels, related to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers. RB refers to a logical path provided by Layer 1 (physical layer or PHY layer) and Layer 2 (MAC layer, RLC layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, and Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer) for data transmission between the terminal and the network.

[0091] The functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane include the transmission of user data, header compression, and ciphering. The functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane include the transmission of control plane data and encryption / integrity protection.

[0092] The Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer is defined only in the user plane. It performs mapping between QoS flows and data radio bearers, marking QoS flow identifiers (IDs) within downlink and uplink packets, and more.

[0093] Establishing a Radio Bearer (RB) refers to the process of defining the characteristics of the radio protocol layer and channel to provide a specific service, and setting specific parameters and operating methods for each. RBs can be further divided into two types: the Signaling Radio Bearer (SRB) and the Data Radio Bearer (DRB). The SRB is used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, while the DRB is used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

[0094] When an RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of the terminal and the RRC layer of the base station, the terminal is in the RRC_CONNECTED state. Otherwise, it is in the RRC_IDLE state. For NR, the RRC_INACTIVE state is additionally defined, and a terminal in the RRC_INACTIVE state can maintain a connection with the core network while releasing the connection with the base station.

[0095] Downlink transmission channels that transmit data from the network to the terminal include the Broadcast Channel (BCH), which transmits system information, and the downlink Shared Channel (SCH), which transmits user traffic or control messages. Traffic or control messages for downlink multicast or broadcast services may be transmitted through the downlink SCH or a separate downlink Multicast Channel (MCH). Meanwhile, uplink transmission channels that transmit data from the terminal to the network include the Random Access Channel (RACH), which transmits initial control messages, and the uplink Shared Channel (SCH), which transmits user traffic or control messages.

[0096] Logical channels that are located above the transport channel and are mapped to the transport channel include the Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH), Paging Control Channel (PCCH), Common Control Channel (CCCH), Multicast Control Channel (MCCH), and Multicast Traffic Channel (MTCH).

[0097] Radio frames can be used for uplink and downlink transmission. A radio frame has a length of 10 ms and can be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). A half-frame can contain five 1 ms subframes (SF). A subframe can be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe can be determined by the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slot can contain 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols, depending on the cyclic prefix (CP).

[0098] When normal CP is used, each slot can contain 14 symbols. When extended CP is used, each slot can contain 12 symbols. Here, the symbols can include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA (Single Carrier - FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0099] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols per slot (N) depending on the SCS setting (u) when normal CP or extended CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot ) is an example.

[0100] CP type SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot Normal CP15kHz (u=0)1410130kHz (u=1)1420260kHz (u=2)14404120kHz (u=3)14808240kHz (u=4)1416016Extended CP60kHz (u=2)12404

[0101] FIG. 6 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0102] Referring to FIG. 6, a slot includes multiple symbols in the time domain.

[0103] A carrier includes multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. An RB (Resource Block) can be defined as multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A BWP (Bandwidth Part) can be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((Physical) Resource Blocks) in the frequency domain, and can correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier can include up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication can be performed through activated BWPs. Each element can be referred to as a Resource Element (RE) in the resource grid, and one complex symbol can be mapped to it.

[0104] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) can be a contiguous set of physical resource blocks (PRBs) for a given numerology. A PRB can be selected from a contiguous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0105] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. In the embodiment of FIG. 7, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0106] Referring to Figure 7, a common resource block (CRB) may be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other. Furthermore, a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. Point A may indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0107] BWP is point A, offset from point A (N startBWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP ) can be set by. For example, point A can be an outer reference point of the PRB of a carrier where subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network on that carrier) aligns. For example, the offset can be the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0108] SLSS (Sidelink Synchronization Signal) is a SL (sidelink) specific sequence and may include PSSS (Primary Sidelink Synchronization Signal) and SSSS (Secondary Sidelink Synchronization Signal). The PSSS may be referred to as S-PSS (Sidelink Primary Synchronization Signal) and the SSSS may be referred to as S-SSS (Sidelink Secondary Synchronization Signal). For example, length-127 M-sequences may be used for S-PSS and length-127 Gold sequences may be used for S-SSS. For example, a terminal may detect an initial signal (signal detection) and obtain synchronization using S-PSS. For example, the terminal can obtain detailed synchronization using S-PSS and S-SSS and detect a synchronization signal ID.

[0109] PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel) may be a (broadcast) channel that transmits basic (system) information that a terminal must know first before transmitting or receiving an SL signal. For example, the basic information may be information related to SLSS, duplex mode (DM), TDD UL / DL (Time Division Duplex Uplink / Downlink) configuration, resource pool-related information, type of application related to SLSS, subframe offset, broadcast information, etc. For example, in order to evaluate PSBCH performance, in NR V2X, the payload size of PSBCH may be 56 bits, including a 24-bit CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check).

[0110] S-PSS, S-SSS and PSBCH may be included in a block format supporting periodic transmission (e.g., SL SS (Synchronization Signal) / PSBCH block, hereinafter referred to as S-SSB (Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block)). The S-SSB may have the same numerology (i.e., SCS and CP length) as the PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel) / PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel) in the carrier, and the transmission bandwidth may be within a (pre-)configured SL BWP (Sidelink BWP). For example, the bandwidth of the S-SSB may be 11 RBs (Resource Blocks). For example, the PSBCH may span 11 RBs. And, the frequency location of the S-SSB may be (pre-)configured. Therefore, the terminal does not need to perform hypothesis detection in the frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier.

[0111] In this specification, PSCCH may be replaced by a control channel, a physical control channel, a sidelink-related control channel, a sidelink-related physical control channel, etc. In this specification, PSSCH may be replaced by a shared channel, a physical shared channel, a sidelink-related shared channel, a sidelink-related physical shared channel, etc.

[0112] FIG. 8 illustrates a procedure for a terminal to perform V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 8 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0113] Referring to (a) of FIG. 8, in resource allocation mode 1, the base station may schedule SL resources to be used by the terminal for SL transmission. For example, in step S800, the base station may transmit information related to SL resources and / or information related to UL resources to the first terminal. For example, the UL resources may include PUCCH resources and / or PUSCH resources. For example, the UL resources may be resources for reporting SL HARQ feedback to the base station.

[0114] For example, a first terminal may receive information related to a dynamic grant (DG) resource and / or information related to a configured grant (CG) resource from a base station. For example, a CG resource may include a CG type 1 resource or a CG type 2 resource. In this specification, a DG resource may be a resource that a base station configures / allocates to the first terminal via downlink control information (DCI). In this specification, a CG resource may be a (periodic) resource that a base station configures / allocates to the first terminal via DCI and / or an RRC message. For example, in the case of a CG type 1 resource, the base station may transmit an RRC message including information related to the CG resource to the first terminal. For example, in the case of a CG type 2 resource, the base station may transmit an RRC message including information related to the CG resource to the first terminal, and the base station may transmit a DCI related to activation or release of the CG resource to the first terminal.

[0115] In step S810, the first terminal may transmit a PSCCH (e.g., Sidelink Control Information (SCI) or 1st-stage SCI) to the second terminal based on the resource scheduling. In step S820, the first terminal may transmit a PSSCH (e.g., 2nd-stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) related to the PSCCH to the second terminal. In step S830, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal. For example, HARQ feedback information (e.g., NACK information or ACK information) may be received from the second terminal via the PSFCH. In step S840, the first terminal may transmit / report HARQ feedback information to the base station via a PUCCH or a PUSCH. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on the HARQ feedback information received from the second terminal. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on a rule set in advance. For example, the DCI may be DCI for scheduling SL.

[0116] Referring to (b) of FIG. 8, in resource allocation mode 2, the terminal can determine SL transmission resources within SL resources set by the base station / network or preset SL resources. For example, the set SL resources or preset SL resources may be a resource pool. For example, the terminal can autonomously select or schedule resources for SL transmission. For example, the terminal can perform SL communication by selecting resources by itself within the set resource pool. For example, the terminal can select resources by itself within a selection window by performing sensing and resource (re)selection procedures. For example, the sensing can be performed on a subchannel basis. For example, in step S810, the first terminal that has selected resources by itself within the resource pool transmits PSCCH (e.g., SCI (Sidelink Control Information) or 1) using the resources. st -stage SCI) can be transmitted to the second terminal. In step S820, the first terminal transmits the PSSCH (e.g., 2) related to the PSCCH. nd -stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) can be transmitted to the second terminal. In step S830, the first terminal can receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal.

[0117] Referring to (a) or (b) of FIG. 8, for example, a first terminal may transmit an SCI to a second terminal on a PSCCH. Or, for example, the first terminal may transmit two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to the second terminal on the PSCCH and / or the PSSCH. In this case, the second terminal may decode the two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to receive the PSSCH from the first terminal. In the present specification, an SCI transmitted on a PSCCH is 1 st SCI, 1st SCI, 1st -stage SCI or 1 st -stage SCI format, and the SCI transmitted on the PSSCH is 2 nd SCI, 2nd SCI, 2 nd -stage SCI or 2 nd -It can be called a stage SCI format.

[0118] Referring to (a) or (b) of FIG. 8, in step S830, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH. For example, the first terminal and the second terminal may determine PSFCH resources, and the second terminal may use the PSFCH resources to transmit HARQ feedback to the first terminal.

[0119] Referring to (a) of FIG. 8, in step S840, the first terminal may transmit SL HARQ feedback to the base station via PUCCH and / or PUSCH.

[0120] FIG. 9 illustrates an example architecture in a 5G system capable of positioning a UE connected to a Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) or E-UTRAN, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0121] Referring to FIG. 9, the AMF may receive a request for location services related to a specific target UE from another entity, such as a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC), or the AMF itself may decide to initiate location services on behalf of a specific target UE. Then, the AMF may transmit a location service request to a Location Management Function (LMF). The LMF, which has received the location service request, may process the location service request and return a processing result, including an estimated location of the UE, to the AMF. Meanwhile, if the location service request is received from another entity, such as a GMLC, other than the AMF, the AMF may forward the processing result received from the LMF to the other entity.

[0122] ng-eNB (new generation evolved-NB) and gNB are network elements of NG-RAN that can provide measurement results for position estimation. They can measure radio signals for target UEs and transmit the results to the LMF. In addition, ng-eNB can control several Transmission Points (TPs), such as remote radio heads (REHs), or PRS-only TPs that support a PRS-based beacon system for E-UTRA.

[0123] The LMF is connected to an Enhanced Serving Mobile Location Center (E-SMLC), and the E-SMLC can enable the LMF to access the E-UTRAN. For example, the E-SMLC can enable the LMF to support Observed Time Difference Of Arrival (OTDOA), one of the positioning methods of the E-UTRAN, by utilizing downlink measurements acquired by the target UE via signals transmitted from the eNB and / or PRS-dedicated TPs in the E-UTRAN.

[0124] Meanwhile, the LMF can be connected to the SUPL Location Platform (SLP). The LMF can support and manage different positioning services for target UEs. The LMF can interact with the serving ng-eNB or serving gNB for the target UE to obtain the position measurement of the UE. For the positioning of the target UE, the LMF can determine the positioning method based on the Location Service (LCS) client type, the required Quality of Service (QoS), the UE positioning capabilities, the gNB positioning capabilities, and the ng-eNB positioning capabilities, and can apply the positioning method to the serving gNB and / or serving ng-eNB. In addition, the LMF can determine the position estimate for the target UE and additional information such as the accuracy of the position estimate and velocity. The SLP is a Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) entity responsible for positioning through the user plane.

[0125] The UE may measure downlink signals from sources such as the NG-RAN and E-UTRAN, different Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Terrestrial Beacon Systems (TBS), Wireless Local Access Network (WLAN) access points, Bluetooth beacons, and UE barometric pressure sensors. The UE may include an LCS application, or may access an LCS application through communication with a network to which the UE is connected or through other applications included in the UE. The LCS application may include measurement and calculation functions necessary to determine the location of the UE. For example, the UE may include an independent positioning function, such as a Global Positioning System (GPS), and may report the UE's location independently of NG-RAN transmissions. This independently acquired positioning information may be utilized as supplementary information to the positioning information acquired from the network.

[0126] FIG. 10 illustrates an implementation example of a network for measuring the location of a UE according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0127] When the AMF receives a location service request while the UE is in the Connection Management - IDLE (CM-IDLE) state, the AMF may establish a signaling connection with the UE and request a network trigger service to allocate a specific serving gNB or ng-eNB. This operation process is omitted in Fig. 10. That is, in Fig. 10, it can be assumed that the UE is in connected mode. However, the signaling connection may be released by the NG-RAN during the positioning process due to reasons such as signaling and data inactivity.

[0128] Referring to FIG. 10, the network operation process for specifically measuring the location of a UE is examined. In step S1010, a 5GC entity such as a GMLC may request a location service to measure the location of a target UE from a serving AMF. However, even if the GMLC does not request a location service, the serving AMF may determine that a location service is required to measure the location of the target UE according to step S1015. For example, in order to measure the location of a UE for an emergency call, the serving AMF may decide to directly perform a location service.

[0129] Thereafter, the AMF transmits a location service request to the LMF according to step S1020, and the LMF may initiate location procedures for obtaining location measurement data or location measurement assistance data together with the serving ng-eNB and the serving gNB according to step S1030. Additionally, the LMF may initiate location procedures for downlink positioning together with the UE according to step S1035. For example, the LMF may transmit location assistance data (Assistance data defined in 3GPP TS 36.355) to the UE, or obtain a location estimate or a location measurement. Meanwhile, step S1035 may be additionally performed after step S1030 is performed, or may be performed instead of step S1030.

[0130] In step S1040, the LMF may provide a location service response to the AMF. Furthermore, the location service response may include information regarding whether the UE's location estimation was successful and an estimate of the UE's location. If the procedure of FIG. 10 was initiated by step S1010, the AMF may forward the location service response to a 5GC entity, such as the GMLC. If the procedure of FIG. 10 was initiated by step S1015, the AMF may utilize the location service response to provide location services related to emergency calls, etc.

[0131] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a protocol layer used to support transmission of an LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) message between an LMF and a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0132] LPP PDUs can be transmitted via NAS PDUs between AMF and UE. Referring to FIG. 11, LPP can be terminated between a target device (e.g., a UE in the control plane or a SUPL Enabled Terminal (SET) in the user plane) and a location server (e.g., an LMF in the control plane or an SLP in the user plane). LPP messages can be transmitted in the form of transparent PDUs over an intermediate network interface using a suitable protocol, such as NGAP (NG Application Protocol) over the NG-C (NG-Control Plane) interface, NAS / RRC over the LTE-Uu and NR-Uu interfaces. The LPP protocol enables positioning for NR and LTE using various positioning methods.

[0133] For example, via the LPP protocol, a target device and a location server can exchange capability information, auxiliary data for positioning, and / or location information. Additionally, LPP messages can be used to exchange error information and / or indicate the termination of an LPP procedure.

[0134] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a protocol layer used to support NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) PDU transmission between an LMF and an NG-RAN node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0135] NRPPa can be used to exchange information between NG-RAN nodes and LMFs. Specifically, NRPPa can exchange Enhanced-Cell IDs (E-CIDs) for measurements transmitted from ng-eNBs to LMFs, data to support OTDOA positioning methods, Cell-IDs for NR Cell ID positioning methods, and Cell Location IDs. Even if the AMF does not have information about the associated NRPPa transactions, it can route NRPPa PDUs based on the routing ID of the associated LMF through the NG-C interface.

[0136] The NRPPa protocol's procedures for location and data collection can be divided into two types. The first type is a UE-associated procedure for conveying information about a specific UE (e.g., position measurement information, etc.), and the second type is a non-UE-associated procedure for conveying information applicable to NG-RAN nodes and associated TPs (e.g., gNB / ng-eNB / TP timing information, etc.). These two types of procedures may be supported independently or simultaneously.

[0137] Meanwhile, the positioning methods supported by NG-RAN may include GNSS, OTDOA, E-CID (enhanced cell ID), barometric pressure sensor positioning, WLAN positioning, Bluetooth positioning, terrestrial beacon system (TBS), and UTDOA (Uplink Time Difference of Arrival). Among the above positioning methods, the position of the UE may be measured using any one of the positioning methods, but the position of the UE may also be measured using two or more positioning methods.

[0138] (1) OTDOA (Observed Time Difference Of Arrival)

[0139] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an OTDOA (Observed Time Difference Of Arrival) positioning method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 13 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0140] The OTDOA positioning method utilizes the timing measurements of downlink signals received by the UE from multiple TPs, including the eNB, ng-eNB, and PRS-dedicated TPs. The UE measures the timing of the received downlink signals using location assistance data received from a location server. Based on these measurement results and the geographic coordinates of neighboring TPs, the UE's location can be determined.

[0141] A UE connected to a gNB can request a measurement gap for OTDOA measurements from a TP. If the UE does not recognize a Single Frequency Network (SFN) for at least one TP in the OTDOA assistance data, the UE may use an autonomous gap to obtain the SFN of the OTDOA reference cell before requesting a measurement gap to perform Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) measurements.

[0142] Here, the RSTD can be defined based on the smallest relative time difference between the boundaries of two subframes received from the reference cell and the measurement cell, respectively. That is, the RSTD can be calculated based on the relative time difference between the start time of the subframe of the reference cell that is closest to the start time of the subframe received from the measurement cell and the start time of the subframe of the reference cell that is closest to the start time of the subframe received from the measurement cell. Meanwhile, the reference cell can be selected by the UE.

[0143] Accurate OTDOA measurement requires measuring the time of arrival (TOA) of signals received from three or more geographically dispersed TPs or base stations. For example, the TOA for TP 1, TP 2, and TP 3 can be measured, and based on the three TOAs, the RSTD for TP 1-TP 2, the RSTD for TP 2-TP 3, and the RSTD for TP 3-TP 1 can be calculated. Based on these, a geometric hyperbola can be determined, and the point where these hyperbolas intersect can be used to estimate the UE's location. In this case, since each TOA measurement may have accuracy and / or uncertainty, the estimated UE's location may be known within a certain range depending on the measurement uncertainty.

[0144] For example, the RSTD for two TPs can be calculated based on Equation 1.

[0145]

[0146] Here, c is the speed of light, {xt, yt} are the (unknown) coordinates of the target UE, {xi, yi} are the coordinates of the (known) TP, and {x1, y1} may be the coordinates of the reference TP (or another TP). Here, (Ti-T1) is the transmission time offset between the two TPs, which may be called "Real Time Differences" (RTDs), and ni, n1 may represent values ​​related to the UE TOA measurement error.

[0147] (2) E-CID (Enhanced Cell ID)

[0148] In the Cell ID (CID) positioning method, the location of the UE can be measured through geographic information of the UE's serving ng-eNB, serving gNB, and / or serving cell. For example, geographic information of the serving ng-eNB, serving gNB, and / or serving cell can be obtained through paging, registration, etc.

[0149] Meanwhile, the E-CID positioning method may utilize additional UE measurements and / or NG-RAN radio resources in addition to the CID positioning method to improve the UE position estimate. In the E-CID positioning method, some of the same measurement methods as the measurement control system of the RRC protocol may be used, but generally, additional measurements are not performed solely for UE position measurement. In other words, a separate measurement configuration or measurement control message may not be provided to measure the UE's position, and the UE may not expect to be requested to perform additional measurement operations solely for position measurement, and may report measurements obtained through measurement methods generally available to the UE.

[0150] For example, a serving gNB can implement an E-CID positioning method using E-UTRA measurements provided from the UE.

[0151] Examples of measurement elements that can be used for E-CID positioning include:

[0152] - UE measurements: E-UTRA RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power), E-UTRA RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality), UE E-UTRA Rx-Tx Time difference, GERAN (GSM EDGE Random Access Network) / WLAN RSSI (Reference Signal Strength Indication), UTRAN CPICH (Common Pilot Channel) RSCP (Received Signal Code Power), UTRAN CPICH Ec / Io

[0153] - E-UTRAN measurements: ng-eNB Rx-Tx Time difference, Timing Advance (TADV), Angle of Arrival (AoA)

[0154] Here, TADV can be divided into Type 1 and Type 2 as follows.

[0155] TADV Type 1 = (ng-eNB RX-TX time difference) + (UE E-UTRA RX-TX time difference)

[0156] TADV Type 2 = ng-eNB receive-transmit time difference

[0157] Meanwhile, AoA can be used to measure the direction of a UE. AoA can be defined as an estimated angle relative to the UE's position in a counterclockwise direction from a base station / TP. In this case, the geographical reference direction may be north. The base station / TP can use uplink signals such as a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) and / or a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) for AoA measurement. In addition, the larger the antenna array array, the higher the AoA measurement accuracy. When antenna arrays are arranged at equal intervals, signals received from adjacent antenna elements can have a constant phase shift (phase-rotate).

[0158] (3) UTDOA (Uplink Time Difference of Arrival)

[0159] UTDOA is a method for determining the location of a UE by estimating the arrival time of the SRS. When calculating the estimated SRS arrival time, the serving cell is used as a reference cell, and the UE's location can be estimated based on the arrival time difference with other cells (or base stations / TPs). To implement UTDOA, the E-SMLC can designate the serving cell of the target UE to instruct the target UE to transmit SRS. In addition, the E-SMLC can provide configuration settings such as whether the SRS is periodic or aperiodic, bandwidth, and frequency / group / sequence hopping.

[0160] (4) RTT (Round Trip Time)

[0161] Real-Time Telemetry (RTT) is a positioning technology that can measure the distance between a target entity and a server entity even when the two entities are not synchronized. When RTT is performed with multiple server entities, the distance from each server entity can be measured individually. Furthermore, by drawing a circle using the distances measured from each server entity, absolute positioning of the target entity can be determined based on the point where each circle intersects. This can be referred to as multi-RTT.

[0162] Here's how RTT is performed between two entities: Entity #1 can transmit PRS #1 at t1, and Entity #2 can receive PRS #1 at t2. After Entity #2 receives PRS #1, Entity #2 can transmit PRS #2 at t3, and Entity #1 can receive PRS #2 at t4. In this case, the distance D between the two entities can be calculated as follows.

[0163]

[0164] For RTT between UE and gNB, the distance between UE and gNB can be calculated based on Equation 2 above using the UE Rx - Tx time difference and the gNB Rx - Tx time difference in the table below.

[0165] (5) Double-side RTT

[0166] Double-sided RTT is a positioning technology that can measure the distance between a target entity and a server entity even when there is a sampling clock frequency offset between the two entities.

[0167] Here's how to perform a double-sided RTT between two entities:

[0168] FIG. 14 illustrates a double-sided RTT according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0169] Double-sided RTT is widely used in ultra-wideband (UWB) positioning and can reduce the impact of clock errors. Referring to Fig. 14, the propagation delay T is measured by two measurements (i.e., T round1 , T round2 , T reply1 , T reply2 ) can be estimated. For example, the propagation delay T can be estimated based on mathematical expression 3.

[0170]

[0171] And, T round1 ХT round2 -T reply1 ХT reply2 can be obtained based on mathematical formula 4.

[0172]

[0173] Therefore, the propagation delay T can be estimated as in Equation 5.

[0174]

[0175] In this case, the propagation delay estimation error due to clock error can be obtained based on mathematical expression 6.

[0176]

[0177] Table 3 shows an example of RSTD (reference signal time difference). The RSTD in Table 3 can be applied for SL positioning.

[0178] Justice T SubframeRxj - T SubframeRxi The relative timing difference between E-UTRA neighbor cell j and E-UTRA reference cell i, defined as T SubframeRxj is the time when the terminal receives the start of one subframe from E-UTRA cell j, and T SubframeRxi is the time at which the terminal receives the start of a subframe from E-UTRA cell i that is closest in time to the subframe received from E-UTRA cell j. The reference point for the observed subframe time difference may be the antenna connector of the terminal. Applicable RRC_CONNECTED inter-RAT

[0179] Table 4 shows an example of DL PRS RSRP (reference signal received power). The DL PRS RSRP in Table 4 can be applied for SL positioning.

[0180] Definition DL PRS-RSRP (reference signal received power) is defined as the linear average of the power contributions (in [W]) of the resource elements carrying the DL PRS reference signal established for RSRP measurement within the considered measurement frequency bandwidth. In FR1, the reference point for DL ​​PRS-RSRP may be the antenna connector of the UE. In FR2, DL PRS-RSRP shall be measured based on the combined signal from the antenna elements corresponding to a given receiver branch. In FR1 and 2, if receiver diversity is used by the UE, the reported DL PRS-RSRP value shall not be lower than any DL PRS-RSRP corresponding to an individual receiver branch. Applicable RRC_CONNECTED intra-frequency RRC_CONNECTED inter-frequency

[0181] Table 5 shows an example of DL RSTD (relative signal time difference). The DL RSTD in Table 5 can be applied for SL positioning.

[0182] The DL RSTD (reference signal time difference) between the definition positioning node j and the reference positioning node I is T SubframeRxj - T SubframeRxi is defined as, where T SubframeRxj is the time when the terminal receives the start of one subframe from the positioning node j, and T SubframeRxiis the time when the terminal receives the start of a subframe from the positioning node i, which corresponds to the subframe that is closest in time to the subframe received from the positioning node j. Multiple DL PRS resources can be used to determine the start of a subframe from the positioning node. In FR1, the reference point for DL ​​RSTD can be the antenna connector of the terminal. In FR2, the reference point for DL ​​RSTD can be the antenna of the terminal. Applicable RRC_CONNECTED Intra-frequency RRC_CONNECTED Inter-frequency

[0183] Table 6 shows an example of UE Rx-Tx time difference. The UE Rx-Tx time difference in Table 6 can be applied for SL positioning.

[0184] The Rx-Tx time difference between the definition terminals is T UE-RX - T UE-TX is defined as: where: T UE-RX is the timing at which the terminal receives downlink subframe #i from the positioning node, and is defined as the first detected path in time. T UE-TX is the timing at which the terminal transmits the uplink subframe #j that is closest in time to the time at which it receives subframe #i from the positioning node. Multiple DL PRS resources can be used to determine the start of one subframe at the time of the first arrival of the positioning node. In FR1, T UE-RX The reference point for the measurement can be the Rx antenna connector, T UE-TX The reference point for measurement may be the Tx antenna connector of the terminal. In FR2, T UE-RX The reference point for measurement may be the Rx antenna of the terminal, and T UE-TX The reference point for measurement may be the Tx antenna of the terminal. Applicable RRC_CONNECTED intra-frequency, RRC_CONNECTED intra-frequency

[0185] Table 7 shows the UL RTOA (UL Relative Time of Arrival) (T UL-RTOA ) is an example. The UL RTOA in Table 7 can be applied for SL positioning.

[0186] Definition[T UL-RTOA (Relative Time of Arrival) is the starting point of subframe i containing SRS received by measurement node j, based on a configurable reference time.] Multiple SRS resources for positioning can be used to determine the starting point of one subframe containing SRS received by the positioning node. T UL-RTOA The reference points for can be:- Type 1-C base station: Rx antenna connector- Type 1-O or 2-O base station: Rx antenna- Type 1-H base station: Rx transceiver array boundary connector

[0187] Table 8 shows an example of the gNB Rx-Tx time difference. The gNB Rx-Tx time difference in Table 8 can be applied for SL positioning.

[0188] Definition gNB Rx-Tx time difference is T gNB-RX - T gNB-TX is defined as: where: T is defined as the first detected path in time gNB-RX is the timing at which the uplink subframe #i containing the SRS associated with the terminal is received by the positioning node. T gNB-TX is the timing at which the positioning node transmits the downlink subframe #j that is closest in time to the subframe #i received from the terminal. Multiple SRS resources for positioning can be used to determine the start of one subframe containing the SRS. T gNB-RXThe reference points for can be:- 1-C base station: Rx antenna connector- 1-O or 2-O base station: Rx antenna- 1-H base station: Rx transceiver array boundary connectorT gNB-TX The reference points for can be:- 1-C base station: Tx antenna connector- 1-O or 2-O base station: Tx antenna- 1-H base station: Tx transceiver array boundary connector

[0189] Table 9 shows an example of UL AoA (Angle of Arrival). The UL AoA in Table 9 can be applied for SL positioning.

[0190] Definition UL AoA (Angle of Arrival) is defined as the estimated azimuth and vertical angles with respect to a reference direction. Here, the reference direction is defined as follows: - In the global coordinate system (CGS), the estimated azimuth is measured with respect to geographic north, and the counterclockwise direction can be taken as positive; the estimated vertical angle is measured with respect to the zenith, and the horizontal direction can be taken as positive. - In the local coordinate system (LCS), the tracked azimuth is measured with respect to the x-axis of the LCS, and the counterclockwise direction can be taken as positive; the estimated vertical angle is measured with respect to the z-axis of the LCS, and the direction in the xy plane can be taken as positive. UL-AoA can be defined at the gNB antenna for the UL channel corresponding to the terminal.

[0191] Table 10 shows an example of UL SRS RSRP (reference signal received power). The UL SRS RSRP in Table 10 can be applied for SL positioning.

[0192] Definition UL SRS-RSRP (reference signal receiver power) is defined as the linear average of the power contributions (in [W]) of resource elements carrying a sounding reference signal (SRS). UL SRS-RSRP may be measured on configured resource elements within the considered measurement frequency bandwidth within a configured measurement time occasion. In FR1 and 2, UL SRS-RSRP may be measured based on the combined signal from antenna elements corresponding to a given receiver branch. In FR1 and 2, if receiver diversity is used by the gNB, the reported UL SRS-RSRP value shall not be lower than any SRS-RSRP corresponding to an individual receiver branch.

[0193] FIG. 15 illustrates a radar device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0194] Referring to Figure 15, a radar is shown. Here, the radar can transmit a signal (e.g., a chirp signal, a positioning reference signal, etc.) to a target to be detected, and can process a signal reflected by the target to obtain information related to the target's position, Doppler velocity, etc.

[0195] For example, the radar of FIG. 15 may be configured with multiple channels, through which the radar can obtain information about the angular component of the signal, and based on the distance to the target and the angular component, the radar can calculate the position of the target and express it as coordinates in the corresponding radar coordinate system. For example, the radar can obtain the Doppler velocity.

[0196] Meanwhile, existing backscatter-based radar systems can periodically transmit sensing signal blocks at regular time intervals and detect backscatter based on signals reflected by the backscatter. However, the radar system has a problem in that, when there is a lot of clutter around the backscatter to be detected, the signals reflected by the clutter cause significant interference with the signals reflected by the backscatter, thereby degrading detection performance.

[0197] To solve this problem, the sensing signal blocks are transmitted continuously in units of N, and the backscatter modulates the incident sensing signal by a certain frequency offset and reflects it, so that the signal reflected by the backscatter is received at a different frequency from the interference signal reflected by the clutter, thereby solving the interference problem.

[0198] In the present disclosure, a method is proposed to improve backscatter detection performance by implementing a radar system that transmits and receives N consecutive sensing signal blocks using a radar system that periodically transmits and receives existing sensing signal blocks based on a constant time interval.

[0199] For example, service type (and / or (LCH or service) priority and / or QOS requirements (e.g. latency, reliability, minimum communication range) and / or PQI parameters) (and / or HARQ feedback enabled (and / or disabled)) LCH / MAC PDU (transmission) and / or CBR measurement value of resource pool and / or SL cast type (e.g. unicast, groupcast, broadcast) and / or SL groupcast HARQ feedback option (e.g. NACK only feedback, ACK / NACK feedback, NACK only feedback based on transmit-receive distance) and / or SL mode 1 CG type (e.g. SL CG type 1 / 2) and / or SL mode type (e.g. mode 1 / 2) and / or resource pool and / or terminal-to-terminal physical feedback Whether the resource pool in which the channel (e.g., PSFCH) resource is configured and / or the source (L2) ID (and / or the destination (L2) ID) and / or the PC5 RRC connection / link and / or the SL link and / or the connection state (with the base station) (e.g., RRC-CONNECTED state, IDLE state, inactive state) and / or the SL HARQ process (ID) and / or whether the SL DRX operation (of the transmitting or receiving terminal) is performed and / or whether the power saving (transmitting or receiving) terminal is in operation and / or whether the terminal-to-terminal physical feedback channel (e.g., PSFCH) transmission and terminal-to-terminal physical feedback channel (e.g., PSFCH) reception (from the perspective of a specific terminal) is (and / or exceeds the terminal capability) multiple terminal-to-terminal physical feedback channel (e.g., PSFCH) transmission overlaps (and / or UE-to-UE physical feedback channel (e.g., PSFCH) transmission (and / or UE-to-UE physical feedback channel (e.g., PSFCH) reception) is omitted) and / or UE actually (successfully) receives UE-to-UE physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) (and / or UE-to-UE physical shared channel (e.g., PSSCH)) (re)transmission from the transmitting UE), the application of the rule (and / or the proposed method / rule related parameter values ​​of the present disclosure) may be specifically (or differently or independently) set / allowed for at least one of the following elements / parameters: In addition, the wording "configuration" (or "designation") in the present disclosure can be extended to mean a form in which a base station notifies a terminal through a predefined (physical layer or higher layer) channel / signal (e.g., SIB, RRC, MAC CE) (and / or a form provided through pre-configuration and / or a form in which a terminal notifies another terminal through a predefined (physical layer or higher layer) channel / signal (e.g., SL MAC CE, PC5 RRC)). In addition, the wording "terminal-to-terminal physical feedback channel (e.g., PSFCH)" in the present disclosure can be extended to mean "(NR or LTE) terminal-to-terminal physical shared channel (e.g., PSSCH) (and / or (NR or LTE) terminal-to-terminal physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH)) (and / or (NR or LTE) terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., SL SSB) (and / or UL channel / signal))". Additionally, the proposed methods in this disclosure can be combined with each other and extended (in a new form).

[0200] For example, the term "specific threshold value" hereinafter may mean a threshold value that is defined in advance or set (in advance) by a higher layer (including an application layer) of a network or a base station or a terminal. The term "specific set value" hereinafter may mean a value that is defined in advance or set (in advance) by a higher layer (including an application layer) of a network or a base station or a terminal. The term "set by the network / base station" hereinafter may mean an operation in which the base station sets (in advance) the value to the terminal via higher layer RRC signaling, sets / signals the value to the terminal via MAC CE, or signals the value to the terminal via DCI.

[0201] The following terms are used in the disclosure below.

[0202] LMF - Location Management Function

[0203] Terminal-triggered sidelink positioning - Terminal-to-terminal positioning (e.g., SL positioning) where the procedure is triggered by the terminal.

[0204] gNB / LS(location server)-triggered terminal-to-terminal positioning (e.g., SL positioning) - Terminal-to-terminal positioning (e.g., SL positioning) where the procedure is triggered by the gNB / LS.

[0205] Terminal-controlled terminal-to-terminal positioning (e.g., SL positioning) - Terminal-to-terminal positioning (e.g., SL positioning) where a group of terminal-to-terminal positioning (e.g., SL positioning) is created by the terminal.

[0206] gNB-controlled terminal-to-terminal positioning (e.g., SL positioning) - terminal-to-terminal positioning (e.g., SL positioning) where terminal-to-terminal positioning (e.g., SL positioning) groups are created by the gNB.

[0207] Terminal-based terminal-to-terminal positioning (e.g., SL positioning) - Terminal-to-terminal positioning (e.g., SL positioning) where the terminal's location is calculated by the terminal.

[0208] Terminal-assisted terminal-to-terminal positioning (e.g., SL positioning) - Terminal-to-terminal positioning (e.g., SL positioning) where the terminal's position is calculated by the gNB / LS.

[0209] Terminal-to-terminal positioning (e.g., SL positioning) group - Terminals participating in terminal-to-terminal positioning (e.g., SL positioning)

[0210] T-terminal (target UE) - the terminal whose location is calculated

[0211] S-terminal (server UE) - a terminal that assists T-UE in positioning

[0212] Anchor UE - A terminal that assists T-UE positioning.

[0213] MG - Measurement gap where only reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) transmission is allowed

[0214] MW - Measurement window in which both SL data and reference signals (e.g., SL PRS) can be transmitted in a multiplexed manner.

[0215] SL PRS - Sidelink Positioning Reference Signal

[0216] CCH - Control Channel

[0217] IUC message - inter-UE coordination message. A message that a transmitting terminal receives from another terminal, including a receiving terminal, and may refer to a message containing information about a set of resources suitable for transmission by the transmitting terminal to the receiving terminal (preferred resource set) and / or a set of resources not suitable for transmission (non-preferred resource set).

[0218] JCAS - Joint Communication and Sensing System

[0219] RIS - Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface

[0220] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) transmission resource may be configured as a terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) resource set composed of the following information. Alternatively, for example, information related to a terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) transmission resource may include some or all of the following information.

[0221] 1. Terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) resource set ID

[0222] 2. Terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) resource ID list: Terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) resource ID list within the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) resource set.

[0223] 3. Terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) resource type: can be set to periodic, aperiodic, semi-persistent, or on-demand.

[0224] 4. Alpha value for terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) power control

[0225] 5. P_0 value for terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) power control

[0226] 6. Path loss criterion for terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) power control: It can be set to terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., SL SSB), downlink (DL) PRS, uplink (UL) sounding reference signal (SRS), SL SRS for positioning, terminal-to-terminal physical control channel demodulation reference signal (e.g., PSCCH DMRS), terminal-to-terminal physical shared channel demodulation reference signal (e.g., PSSCH DMRS), terminal-to-terminal physical feedback channel (e.g., PSFCH), or terminal-to-terminal channel state information reference signal (e.g., SL CSI RS).

[0227] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) resource set may be configured as terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) resources configured with the following information. Alternatively, for example, information related to terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) transmission resources may include some or all of the following information.

[0228] 1. Terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) resource ID

[0229] 2. Terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) comb size: The interval between resource elements (e.g., RE) in which the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) is transmitted within a symbol.

[0230] 3. Terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) comb offset: Index of the resource element (e.g., RE) where the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) is first transmitted within the first terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) symbol.

[0231] 4. Terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) comb cyclic shift: cyclic shift used to generate the sequence that constitutes the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS).

[0232] 5. Terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) start position: Index of the first symbol in which the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) is transmitted within one slot.

[0233] 6. Terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) #symbol: The number of symbols that constitute the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) within one slot.

[0234] 7. Frequency domain shift: The position (index) of the lowest frequency at which the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) is transmitted in the frequency domain.

[0235] 8. Terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) BW: Frequency bandwidth used for terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) transmission

[0236] 9. Terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) resource type: can be set to periodic, aperiodic, semi-persistent, or on-demand.

[0237] 10. Terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) periodicity: It is a period in the time domain between terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) resources, and has a unit of logical slot of the resource pool in which the physical or terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) is transmitted.

[0238] 11. Terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) offset: This is an offset in the time domain from the reference timing to the start time of the first terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) resource, and has a logical slot unit of the resource pool in which the physical or terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) is transmitted. For example, the reference timing may be SFN = 0, DFN = 0, or the time of successful reception or decoding of RRC / MAC CE / DCI / terminal-to-terminal control information (e.g., SCI) associated with the terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) resource.

[0239] 12. Terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) sequence ID

[0240] 13. Spatial relation of terminal-to-terminal reference signals (e.g., SL PRS): It can be configured as a terminal-to-terminal synchronization signal block (e.g., SL SSB), base station-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., DL PRS), terminal-to-base station reference signal (e.g., UL SRS), terminal-to-base station reference signal for positioning (e.g., UL SRS), terminal-to-terminal physical control channel demodulation reference signal (e.g., PSCCH DMRS), terminal-to-terminal physical shared channel demodulation reference signal (e.g., PSSCH DMRS), terminal-to-terminal physical feedback channel (e.g., terminal-to-terminal physical feedback channel (e.g., PSFCH)), or terminal-to-terminal channel state information reference signal (e.g., SL CSI RS).

[0241] 14. Terminal-to-terminal reference signal control channel (e.g., SL PRS CCH): Terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) control channel. For example, terminal-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) resource configuration information and resource locations can be signaled through the terminal-to-terminal reference signal control channel (e.g., SL PRS CCH).

[0242] Referring to mathematical expression 7, when a signal transmitted by a radar is reflected by an object and the radar receives the signal again, the power of the received signal may have a characteristic of being attenuated in proportion to the fourth power of the distance to the object to be detected.

[0243]

[0244] Here, for example, P t can mean the transmitted power (W), and P r can mean the received power (W), and G t can mean the transmit antenna gain, and G r may denote the receiving antenna gain, σ may denote the radar cross section, and A er may refer to the effective aperture area of ​​the receive antenna.

[0245] For example, the transmission power of radar / sensing signals for object detection transmitted based on an integrated communication and sensing system (e.g., ISAC) needs to be limited in consideration of interference with communication signals. Therefore, unlike general radar transmission signals, it may not be suitable to sense objects at a long distance by transmitting a large transmission power of radar / sensing signals for object detection in an integrated communication and sensing system (e.g., ISAC). In addition, since only a portion of the signal incident on the object is reflected and received, the reception signal power may be further attenuated, which may cause a problem of deterioration in reception performance.

[0246] In order to solve the above-described problem, in the case of a bistatic radar technology in which a signal transmitted by a transmitting radar is reflected from an object and the signal is received by a receiving radar separate from the transmitting radar to sense the object, the power of the signal received by the receiving radar may have a characteristic of being attenuated in proportion to the nth power of the product of the distance between the transmitting radar and the object and the distance between the receiving radar and the object (for example, n=2 in free space). Therefore, when the distance between the receiving radar and the object is relatively short, it has the advantage of improving detection performance for the object.

[0247]

[0248] Here, for example, P TX can mean the transmitted signal power, and P RX can mean the received signal power, and R TX can mean the distance between the sender and the target, and R RX can mean the distance between the receiver and the target, and G TX can mean the transmit antenna gain, and G RX may refer to the receiving antenna gain, λ may refer to the wavelength, and RCS may refer to the radar cross section.

[0249] FIG. 16 illustrates a system that transmits sensing signal blocks at regular time intervals and constructs backscatter from the reflected signals, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 16 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0250] Referring to Fig. 16, a radar system in units of chirp signal blocks of M-sample length is shown. For example, chirp signal blocks of M-sample length with a constant time interval, generated by a chirp sequence generator, are converted into analog signals through a DAC, and then modulated and amplified to RF frequency through an up-converter, and can ultimately be transmitted through a transmit antenna (TX antenna).

[0251] Thereafter, for example, the transmitted chirp signal block may be reflected by the backscatter and received through the RX antenna, and the received signal may be demodulated into a baseband signal through a down-converter and then multiplied by the transmitted chirp sequence through a mixer. Thereafter, the signal passing through the mixer may be converted into a digital signal through an ADC and may pass through an M-point FFT, which is the length of the chirp signal block, and at this time, signal energy may be detected at a frequency position proportional to the distance to the backscatter, and finally, the distance to the backscatter and the (relative) speed may be estimated by a range & Doppler estimation block.

[0252] FIG. 17 illustrates a signal waveform output through a DAC block of a radar system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 17 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0253] Referring to FIG. 17, a chirp signal block waveform that is transmitted periodically with a time interval is shown. For example, the chirp signal may be transmitted periodically. For example, the chirp signal may be transmitted discontinuously. For example, the chirp signal may be transmitted in a time interval that periodically and repeatedly includes an on time interval and an off time interval. For example, the amplitude of the chirp signal may be constant in the on time interval. For example, the frequency of the chirp signal may be modulated in the on time interval. For example, the modulated frequency may be modulated in the form of a linear function (e.g., f = k * t).

[0254] FIG. 18 illustrates a waveform of a periodic M-point FFT output signal of a radar system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 18 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0255] Referring to Fig. 18, M-point FFT output signal waveforms that are periodically output with time intervals are shown. For example, in Fig. 18, each signal block represents an M-point FFT output signal, and the signal indicated by a thick line within each signal block represents a reflection signal waveform generated by backscatter, and the signals indicated by thin lines at the remaining frequency positions represent reflection signal waveforms generated by clutter. Referring to Fig. 18, it can be seen that the signal size due to backscatter is smaller than the signal size due to clutter, and it can be seen that the detection performance of the radar system is degraded by the signal due to the clutter.

[0256] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method of operating a radar system transmitting N consecutive chirp signal blocks as described above may be provided, using radar system hardware based on the above-described periodic chirp signal block transmission.

[0257] FIG. 19 illustrates an N-successive chirp signal-based radar system using a periodic chirp signal-based radar system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 19 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0258] Referring to FIG. 19, by inputting the ADC output signal values ​​in FIG. 16 into an N*M-point FFT block capable of processing a total of N consecutive chirp signal blocks, a radar system having improved object detection performance can be implemented based on signals that are transmitted and reflected and received by N consecutive chirp signal blocks.

[0259] FIG. 20 illustrates a detection signal waveform of a radar system based on N consecutive chirp signals according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 20 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0260] Referring to Fig. 20, the waveform of the N*M-point FFT output signal when N is 3 is shown. The output signal can have a frequency location resolution that is improved by three times compared to the input signal before the N*M-point FFT signal processing. Through the N*M-point FFT signal processing, the waveform of the signal reflected by the backscatter, indicated by the dotted line in Fig. 20, can be separated from the waveform reflected by the clutter, indicated by the solid line, thereby solving the interference problem caused by the signal reflected by the clutter.

[0261] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, another method of implementing the N consecutive M-sample chirp-based radar system using radar system hardware based on periodic chirp signal block transmission may be provided.

[0262] For example, if the output signal of the ADC cannot be obtained in the system of Fig. 16, the M-point FFT output can be used instead. For example, after converting the M-point FFT output signal value into the ADC output signal waveform in the time domain through the M-point IFFT block, by inputting the converted signal into the N*M-point FFT block of Fig. 19, a radar system based on N consecutive M-sample chirp signals can be implemented as in Fig. 19.

[0263] FIG. 21 illustrates a radar system based on N consecutive M-sample chirp signals, implemented using M-point FFT outputs, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 21 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0264] Referring to Fig. 21, a radar system based on N-consecutive chirp signals is shown, implemented using a radar system based on periodic chirp signals. In Fig. 21, the M-point IFFT output signal is identical to the ADC output signal of Fig. 19, and therefore, the radar detection performance based on the N*M-point FFT output can also be identical to that shown in Fig. 20.

[0265] For example, when performing sensing based on the N*M-point FFT output by restoring only the M-sample chirp signal in the time domain as illustrated in FIG. 19 or FIG. 21, the detection and estimation performance may be lower compared to an operation in which sensing is performed by transmitting N consecutive M-sample chirp signals from the beginning.

[0266] The reason is that when a single M-sample chirp signal passes through a channel, a channel delay may occur depending on the delay profile of the channel, and since sensing is performed using only M-point FFT in existing hardware using the periodic M-sample chirp signal, the channel values ​​delayed after the M-sample chirp signal may be lost due to the channel delay.

[0267] On the other hand, in a radar system that transmits N consecutive M-sample chirp signals from the beginning, the performance degradation described above may not occur because information due to channel delay is included in each of the N consecutive M-sample chirp signals.

[0268] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, in order to solve the above-described problem, by overlapping data after each M-sample chirp signal and an M-sample chirp signal received immediately after in time, and then allowing a total of N M-sample chirp signals generated as described above to pass through an N*M-point FFT, sensing can be performed without performance degradation compared to a radar system that senses based on N consecutive M-sample chirp signals from the beginning.

[0269] FIG. 22 illustrates a method for addressing performance degradation issues compared to a radar system transmitting N consecutive M-sample chirp signals in practice, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 22 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0270] Referring to Fig. 22, a method for reconstructing N continuous M-sample chirp signal blocks from N received discontinuous M-sample chirp signal blocks is shown. By combining the N discontinuous M-sample chirp signals so that they overlap in time and then performing range & Doppler estimation based on the signals, radar operation that takes channel delay information into account can be performed.

[0271] The examples of the present disclosure are not only applicable to radar systems based on chirp signal blocks, but can also be applied to radar and sensing signal-based radar systems having similar characteristics instead of the chirp signal blocks.

[0272] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for improving backscatter detection performance is proposed by implementing a radar system operation in which a radar system periodically transmits and receives sensing signal blocks based on a predetermined time interval and transmits and receives N consecutive sensing signal blocks based on signal values ​​received or signal-processed.

[0273] A radar device can transmit a periodic chirp signal and perform an operation to detect a target object based on the signal. Conventional radar systems based on periodic chirp signal transmission, as described above, have a problem in that target object detection performance may be degraded by interference from surrounding clutter. Here, the chirp signal is a signal transmitted periodically and may have a discontinuous waveform.

[0274] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the device can perform signal processing by grouping a specific number (M) of chirp signals of periodic and discontinuous waveforms, thereby operating as if signal processing on the chirp signals is performed continuously.

[0275] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, sensing based on N consecutive chirp signals can be performed using N periodic chirp signals. For example, N*M point-FFT signal processing can be performed on ADC outputs for the N received chirp signals. For example, after each of the N FFT output signals is IFFTed, the N*M point-FFT signal processing can be performed. For example, the device can overlap each of the N chirp signals in the time domain by a channel delay spread and then perform N*M point-FFT signal processing.

[0276] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, there is an effect of solving the problem of target object detection performance being degraded due to interference from surrounding clutter by implementing a radar system based on continuous chirp signal transmission using a periodic chirp signal (radar signal) according to existing technology.

[0277] FIG. 23 illustrates a procedure for a first device to perform wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 23 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0278] Referring to FIG. 23, in step S2310, a first device can transmit a first signal to a second device. In step S2320, the first device can receive a second signal. In step S2330, the first device can obtain a third signal by performing an N*M point fast Fourier transform (FFT) based on the second signal. In step S2340, the first device can obtain a distance between the first device and the second device based on the third signal.

[0279] For example, the first device may be a radar device.

[0280] For example, the first signal may be an up-converted fourth signal that is an analog converted chirp signal.

[0281] For example, the first signal may be transmitted periodically.

[0282] For example, the third signal can be obtained by: obtaining a fourth signal by down-converting the second signal; obtaining a sixth signal by multiplying the fourth signal and the fifth signal, which is an analog-converted chirp signal; obtaining a seventh signal by digitally converting the sixth signal; and performing the N*M point FFT on the seventh signal.

[0283] For example, the third signal may be obtained by: obtaining a fourth signal by down-converting the second signal; obtaining a sixth signal by multiplying the fourth signal and the fifth signal, which is an analog-converted chirp signal; obtaining a seventh signal by digitally converting the sixth signal; obtaining an eighth signal by performing an M-point FFT on the seventh signal; obtaining a ninth signal by performing an M-point inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) on the eighth signal; and performing the N*M-point FFT on the ninth signal.

[0284] For example, in the above N*M point FFT, N discontinuous M-sample signals can be reconstructed into continuous M-sample signals.

[0285] For example, the continuous M-sample signal can be reconstructed such that the delayed responses of each of the N discontinuous M-sample signals are superimposed.

[0286] For example, the second device may be a backscatter device.

[0287] For example, the second signal may include a signal component reflected from the second device and a signal component reflected from clutter.

[0288] For example, additionally, the first device can: estimate the speed of the second device based on the third signal.

[0289] For example, the distance between the first device and the second device or the velocity of the second device can be estimated by the Doppler estimation block.

[0290] For example, the first signal may be a reference signal related to sensing.

[0291] The above-described embodiment can be applied to various devices described below. First, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to transmit a first signal to the second device (200). Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (206) to receive a second signal. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can obtain a third signal by performing an N*M point FFT (fast Fourier transform) based on the second signal. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can obtain the distance between the first device (100) and the second device (200) based on the third signal.

[0292] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device performing wireless communication may be provided. For example, the first device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory executably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that cause the first device to perform operations based on being executed by the at least one processor. For example, the operations may include: transmitting a first signal to a second device; receiving a second signal; performing an N*M point fast Fourier transform (FFT) on the second signal to obtain a third signal; and obtaining a distance between the first device and the second device based on the third signal.

[0293] For example, the first device may be a radar device.

[0294] For example, the first signal may be an up-converted fourth signal that is an analog converted chirp signal.

[0295] For example, the first signal may be transmitted periodically.

[0296] For example, the third signal can be obtained by: obtaining a fourth signal by down-converting the second signal; obtaining a sixth signal by multiplying the fourth signal and the fifth signal, which is an analog-converted chirp signal; obtaining a seventh signal by digitally converting the sixth signal; and performing the N*M point FFT on the seventh signal.

[0297] For example, the third signal may be obtained by: obtaining a fourth signal by down-converting the second signal; obtaining a sixth signal by multiplying the fourth signal and the fifth signal, which is an analog-converted chirp signal; obtaining a seventh signal by digitally converting the sixth signal; obtaining an eighth signal by performing an M-point FFT on the seventh signal; obtaining a ninth signal by performing an M-point inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) on the eighth signal; and performing the N*M-point FFT on the ninth signal.

[0298] For example, in the above N*M point FFT, N discontinuous M-sample signals can be reconstructed into continuous M-sample signals.

[0299] For example, the continuous M-sample signal can be reconstructed such that the delayed responses of each of the N discontinuous M-sample signals are superimposed.

[0300] For example, the second device may be a backscatter device.

[0301] For example, the second signal may include a signal component reflected from the second device and a signal component reflected from clutter.

[0302] For example, additionally, the operations may further include: estimating a speed of the second device based on the third signal.

[0303] For example, the distance between the first device and the second device or the velocity of the second device can be estimated by the Doppler estimation block.

[0304] For example, the first signal may be a reference signal related to sensing.

[0305] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a device configured to control a first terminal may be provided. For example, the device may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory executable and connected to the at least one processor, and having instructions recorded thereon that cause the first terminal to perform operations based on being executed by the at least one processor. For example, the operations may include: transmitting a first signal to a second terminal; receiving a second signal; obtaining a third signal by performing an N*M point fast Fourier transform (FFT) based on the second signal; and obtaining a distance between the first terminal and the second terminal based on the third signal.

[0306] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a first device to: transmit a first signal to a second device; receive a second signal; obtain a third signal by performing an N*M point fast Fourier transform (FFT) based on the second signal; and obtain a distance between the first device and the second device based on the third signal.

[0307] FIG. 24 illustrates a procedure for a second device to perform wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 24 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0308] Referring to FIG. 24, in step S2410, a second device can receive a first signal from a first device. In step S1420, the second device can transmit a second signal to the first device. For example, the second signal can be a reflected signal of the first signal. For example, an N*M point fast Fourier transform (FFT) is performed based on the second signal, thereby obtaining a third signal for the first device, and a distance between the first device and the second device can be obtained based on the third signal.

[0309] For example, the first signal may be an up-converted fourth signal that is an analog converted chirp signal.

[0310] The above-described embodiment can be applied to various devices described below. First, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to receive a first signal from the first device (100). Then, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to transmit a second signal to the first device (100). For example, the second signal can be a reflected signal of the first signal. For example, an N*M point fast Fourier transform (FFT) can be performed based on the second signal to obtain a third signal for the first device (100), and the distance between the first device (100) and the second device (200) can be obtained based on the third signal.

[0311] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device performing wireless communication may be provided. For example, the second device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory executably connected to the at least one processor and having instructions recorded thereon that cause the second device to perform operations based on being executed by the at least one processor. For example, the operations may include: receiving a first signal from a first device; and transmitting a second signal to the first device, wherein the second signal is a reflected signal of the first signal, wherein an N*M point fast Fourier transform (FFT) is performed based on the second signal, thereby obtaining a third signal for the first device, and a distance between the first device and the second device may be obtained based on the third signal.

[0312] For example, the first signal may be an up-converted fourth signal that is an analog converted chirp signal.

[0313] The various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other.

[0314] Below, a description is given of devices to which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied.

[0315] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connectivity (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0316] Hereinafter, more specific examples will be provided with reference to the drawings. In the drawings / descriptions below, the same drawing reference numerals may represent identical or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise described.

[0317] FIG. 25 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 25 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0318] Referring to FIG. 25, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Things) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., an Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)). The XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device, and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.), etc. The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may also be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0319] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. At this time, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology, and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. At this time, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PAN) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

[0320] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, etc. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (200) / network (300), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to Everything) communication). In addition, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0321] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base stations (200), and base stations (200) / base stations (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or, D2D communication), and communication between base stations (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0322] FIG. 26 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 26 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0323] Referring to FIG. 26, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals via various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} can correspond to {the wireless device (100x), the base station (200)} and / or {the wireless device (100x), the wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 25.

[0324] A first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may further include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memories (104) and / or the transceivers (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information / signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceiver (106). Furthermore, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0325] A second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may further include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memories (204) and / or the transceivers (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information / signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information / signals via the transceivers (206). In addition, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information / signals via the transceivers (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signals in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0326] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed herein, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.

[0327] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and executed by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0328] One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and / or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0329] One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts of this document, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, or the like, as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed by one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0330] FIG. 27 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 27 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0331] Referring to FIG. 27, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operations / functions of FIG. 27 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 26. The hardware elements of FIG. 27 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 26. For example, blocks 1010 to 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 26. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 26, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 26.

[0332] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 27. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block can include a transport block (e.g., an UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). The wireless signal can be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., a PUSCH or a PDSCH).

[0333] Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a bit sequence scrambled by a scrambler (1010). The scramble sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of the wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by a precoding matrix W of N*M. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on complex modulation symbols. In addition, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0334] The resource mapper (1050) can map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources can include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator (1060) generates a wireless signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated wireless signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) can include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0335] The signal processing process for receiving signals in a wireless device can be configured in reverse order of the signal processing process (1010 to 1060) of FIG. 27. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 of FIG. 26) can receive wireless signals from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signals can be converted into baseband signals through a signal restorer. For this purpose, the signal restorer can include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module. Thereafter, the baseband signal can be restored to a codeword through a resource demapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a descrambling process. The codewords can be restored to the original information blocks through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0336] Figure 28 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see Figure 25). The embodiment of Figure 28 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0337] Referring to FIG. 28, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 26 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / units, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and an additional element (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and a transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 26. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 26. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and the additional elements (140) and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). In addition, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit (130).

[0338] The additional element (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 25, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 25, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 25, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 25, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 25, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 25, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate / environmental device, an AI server / device (Fig. 25, 400), a base station (Fig. 25, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices may be mobile or stationary depending on the use / service.

[0339] In FIG. 28, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least some may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). In addition, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be configured as one or more processor sets. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0340] Below, the implementation example of Fig. 28 is described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0341] FIG. 29 illustrates a mobile device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The mobile device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smartglasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The mobile device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 29 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0342] Referring to FIG. 29, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input / output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c correspond to blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of FIG. 28, respectively.

[0343] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control components of the mobile device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required for operating the mobile device (100). In addition, the memory unit (130) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the mobile device (100) and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support connection between the mobile device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) can include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (140c) can input or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from a user. The input / output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker, and / or a haptic module.

[0344] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (140c) obtains information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input by the user, and the obtained information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals, and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to other wireless devices or to a base station. In addition, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from other wireless devices or base stations, and then restore the received wireless signals to the original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (140c).

[0345] FIG. 30 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle may be implemented as a mobile robot, a car, a train, a manned or unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, or the like. The embodiment of FIG. 30 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0346] Referring to FIG. 30, a vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a driving unit (140a), a power supply unit (140b), a sensor unit (140c), and an autonomous driving unit (140d). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d correspond to blocks 110 / 130 / 140 of FIG. 28, respectively.

[0347] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g., base stations, road side units, etc.), and servers. The control unit (120) can control elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an ECU (Electronic Control Unit). The drive unit (140a) can drive the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) on the ground. The drive unit (140a) can include an engine, a motor, a power train, wheels, brakes, a steering device, etc. The power supply unit (140b) supplies power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The sensor unit (140c) can obtain vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit (140c) may include an IMU (inertial measurement unit) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, an incline sensor, a weight detection sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward / backward sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illuminance sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit (140d) may implement a technology for maintaining a driving lane, a technology for automatically controlling speed such as adaptive cruise control, a technology for automatically driving along a set path, a technology for automatically setting a path and driving when a destination is set, etc.

[0348] For example, the communication unit (110) can receive map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can generate an autonomous driving route and driving plan based on the acquired data. The control unit (120) can control the drive unit (140a) so that the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) moves along the autonomous driving route according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). During autonomous driving, the communication unit (110) can irregularly / periodically acquire the latest traffic information data from an external server and can acquire surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. In addition, during autonomous driving, the sensor unit (140c) can acquire vehicle status and surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can update the autonomous driving route and driving plan based on newly acquired data / information. The communication unit (110) can transmit information regarding the vehicle location, autonomous driving route, driving plan, etc. to the external server. External servers can predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology or other technologies based on information collected from vehicles or autonomous vehicles, and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicles or autonomous vehicles.

[0349] The claims set forth in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method.

Claims

1. In a method for performing wireless communication by a first device, A step of transmitting a first signal to a second device; Step of receiving a second signal; A step of obtaining a third signal by performing an N*M point FFT (fast Fourier transform) based on the second signal; and A method comprising the step of obtaining a distance between the first device and the second device based on the third signal.

2. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the first device is a radar device.

3. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the first signal is an up-converted fourth signal, which is an analog-converted chirp signal.

4. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the first signal is transmitted periodically.

5. In paragraph 1, The third signal above is: Obtaining a fourth signal by down-converting the second signal; A sixth signal is obtained by multiplying the fifth signal, which is an analog converted chirp signal, and the fourth signal; Obtaining a seventh signal by digitally converting the sixth signal; and A method obtained by performing the N*M point FFT on the above 7th signal.

6. In paragraph 1, The third signal above is: Obtaining a fourth signal by down-converting the second signal; A sixth signal is obtained by multiplying the fifth signal, which is an analog converted chirp signal, and the fourth signal; Obtaining a seventh signal by digitally converting the sixth signal; Obtaining an 8th signal by performing an M-point FFT on the 7th signal; Obtaining a ninth signal by performing an M-point IFFT (inverse fast Fourier transform) on the eighth signal; and A method obtained by performing the N*M point FFT on the above 9th signal.

7. In paragraph 1, A method in which, in the above N*M point FFT, N discontinuous M-sample signals are reconstructed into continuous M-sample signals.

8. In paragraph 7, A method in which the above continuous M-sample signal is reconstructed such that the delayed responses of each of the N discontinuous M-sample signals are superimposed.

9. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the second device is a backscatter device.

10. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the second signal includes a signal component reflected from the second device and a signal component reflected from clutter.

11. In paragraph 1, A method further comprising the step of estimating the speed of the second device based on the third signal.

12. In paragraph 11, A method wherein the distance between the first device and the second device or the velocity of the second device is estimated by a Doppler estimation block.

13. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the first signal is a reference signal related to sensing.

14. In a first device performing wireless communication, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory executable connected to said at least one processor and having instructions recorded thereon that cause said first device to perform operations based on being executed by said at least one processor, said operations comprising: A step of transmitting a first signal to a second device; Step of receiving a second signal; A step of obtaining a third signal by performing an N*M point FFT (fast Fourier transform) based on the second signal; and A first device comprising a step of obtaining a distance between the first device and the second device based on the third signal.

15. In a device set to control the first terminal, at least one processor; and At least one memory executable and connected to at least one processor, and having instructions recorded thereon that cause the first terminal to perform operations based on being executed by the at least one processor, wherein the operations are: A step of transmitting a first signal to a second terminal; Step of receiving a second signal; A step of obtaining a third signal by performing an N*M point FFT (fast Fourier transform) based on the second signal; and A device comprising a step of obtaining a distance between the first terminal and the second terminal based on the third signal.

16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above commands, when executed, cause the first device to: cause the second device to transmit the first signal; to receive the second signal; Obtaining a third signal by performing an N*M point FFT (fast Fourier transform) based on the second signal; and A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that obtains the distance between the first device and the second device based on the third signal.

17. In a method for performing wireless communication by a second device, receiving a first signal from a first device; and Transmitting a second signal to the first device, The second signal comprises a step in which the first signal is a reflected signal, A third signal is acquired by the first device by performing an N*M point FFT (fast Fourier transform) based on the second signal, and A method in which the distance between the first device and the second device is obtained based on the third signal.

18. In paragraph 17, A method wherein the first signal is an up-converted fourth signal, which is an analog-converted chirp signal.

19. In a second device performing wireless communication, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory executable connected to said at least one processor and having instructions recorded thereon that cause said second device to perform operations based on being executed by said at least one processor, said operations comprising: receiving a first signal from a first device; and Transmitting a second signal to the first device, The second signal comprises a step in which the first signal is a reflected signal, A third signal is acquired by the first device by performing an N*M point FFT (fast Fourier transform) based on the second signal, and A second device, wherein the distance between the first device and the second device is obtained based on the third signal.

20. In paragraph 19, A second device wherein the first signal is an up-converted fourth signal, which is an analog-converted chirp signal.

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