Method for connnecting structural parts

Abstract

The invention relates to methods for connecting structural parts. According to the invention, fastening elements are used which are provided in the form of starter nuts and fastening tie rods, each fastening tie rod having an external screw thread on one end and an enlargement with an internal thread for connection to a subsequent fastening tie rod. A first section of a structure has a second section of the structure mounted thereto, the parts being arranged so that fastening tie rods installed in the first section enter fastening openings in the parts of the second section. Further sections are connected by coupling each newly mounted section to the preceding section, thus forming a single structure in which the fastening tie rods serve as a rigid support for the mounting of parts thereon, wherein the distance between the parts can be regulated by the size of the fastening tie rod. The technical result is that of ensuring the uniformity of the dimensions of a structure produced by connecting parts.

Description

[0001] METHOD OF CONNECTING STRUCTURAL PARTS

[0002] Field of technology to which the invention relates

[0003] This invention relates to methods of connecting structural parts (hereinafter referred to as parts): beams, blocks and other structural elements, in which fastening holes are made in each part; sections are formed from parts, connecting and fastening elements: two or more parts are connected to each other by connecting elements (for example, a connecting angle or angles, a connecting plate or plates) and fastening elements; the sections are successively connected to each other using fastening ties. This invention can be used to form various structures.

[0004] The following concepts are used in this description:

[0005] Structural parts - beams, blocks and other structural elements that can be made from various materials: wood, metal, plastic, fiber cement, reinforced concrete, etc. Depending on the structure being formed, the parts can have linear, radial and other shapes, and the ends of the parts in relation to the side of the part can have a different angle a, where 0°<a<180°.

[0006] The description of this technology is made on the example of wooden profiled timber. There are several types of wooden timber: regular sawn, dry planed, glued and profiled timber.

[0007] Fastening holes - cylindrical, conical and other configuration holes formed in parts to connect parts together with connecting and fastening elements, the number of fastening holes depends on the shape of the section of the structure being assembled and the size of the parts being connected.

[0008] Fasteners are structural elements for connecting parts: starting nuts and fastening ties. Starting nuts have a hole with internal thread for connecting with fastening ties. Fastening ties can be connected with starting nuts and with each other due to the fact that on one side the tie has a rod with external thread, and on the other side a hole with the corresponding internal thread. The sizes of elements with external and internal threads correspond to the size of the fastening holes in the parts and connecting elements.

[0009] Connecting elements - connecting angles and plates with holes corresponding in size and location to the fastening holes on the parts, may have their own tenons and additional holes for fixing with screws and / or nails.

[0010] Depending on the structure being formed, in accordance with the configuration of the parts being connected, the connecting plates can have linear, radial and other shapes, and the connecting angles can accordingly have different angles a, where 0°<a<180°.

[0011] A section of a structure is two or more parts connected to each other by connecting elements (e.g., a connecting angle or angles, a connecting plate or plates) and fasteners.

[0012] State of the art

[0013] The method of connecting structural parts (beams) is known from the prior art, see the description of the patent for invention of the Russian Federation No. 2792433, published on 22.03.2023. It also

[0014] • fastening holes are made in the structural parts,

[0015] • sections are formed sequentially from structural parts, for which two or more structural parts are connected to each other by connecting elements,

[0016] • connect the sections together using fasteners installed in the fastening holes.

[0017] This method is the closest in technical essence and achievable technical result and is chosen as the prototype of the proposed invention.

[0018] The disadvantage of this prototype is that to connect the structural parts (beams) in this way, it is necessary to make a pair of holes at each point of attachment of the beams. In addition, to prevent shrinkage of the structural parts (beams) and to stabilize the dimensions during horizontal assembly and further operation, this method allows for the implementation of only relatively small structures not exceeding one or two floors. This is due to the fact that with a large height of the structure (three or more floors), there will be a significant increase in the mass of this structure, which will lead to shrinkage of the beams of the lower sections under the weight of the beams of the upper sections. This factor will transfer the specified method of connecting beams to the category of unstable on structures of great height.

[0019] In addition, this method describes only the connection of linear profiled beams and does not cover the possibility of connecting other structural parts of different configurations and compositions.

[0020] Disclosure of invention

[0021] Based on this original observation, the present invention is primarily aimed at proposing a method for connecting structural parts to form various structures, which allows eliminating at least some of the above-mentioned disadvantages, namely, at least ensuring the stability of the geometric size of the structure, and, in addition, significantly expanding the list of connected parts, which is the task at hand.

[0022] To achieve this goal, the method for connecting structural parts is essentially characterized by the fact that the method additionally includes the following steps:

[0023] • starting nuts and fastening ties are used as fastening elements, each of which has a corresponding external screw thread on one side and an extension with an internal thread for connection with the next fastening tie,

[0024] • starting nuts are installed in the fastening holes of the structural parts of the first section;

[0025] • the first section is formed, for which purpose the structural parts of the first section are installed with starting nuts according to the shape of the said section and connecting angles and (or) plates are installed on the structural parts in such a way that the fastening holes of the structural parts and the connecting elements are located coaxially, • fastening ties are installed through the holes on the connecting elements into the fastening holes of the structural parts of the first section and screwed into the starting nuts until they stop;

[0026] • a second section is formed, for which the structural parts of the second section are installed on the structural parts of the first section in such a way that the connecting elements are located between the structural parts of the first and second sections, and the fastening holes of the structural parts of the first and second sections and the connecting elements are coaxial;

[0027] • install connecting angles and (or) plates on the structural parts of the second section in such a way that the fastening holes of the structural parts and connecting elements are located coaxially,

[0028] • through the holes on the connecting elements, fastening ties are installed into the fastening holes of the structural parts of the second section and screwed into the fastening ties of the first section until they stop;

[0029] • continue this way until the required length or height of the assembled structure is reached, depending on the horizontal or vertical assembly method.

[0030] Thanks to these advantageous characteristics, it becomes possible to speed up and simplify the assembly and possible subsequent disassembly of the structure. In addition, this allows achieving uniform distribution of the compression load of all sections.

[0031] That is, to eliminate the prototype's shortcomings, fastening ties are used that form, when assembled, single reinforcing rods that pass through the entire height (for the horizontal assembly method) or the length of the structure (for the vertical assembly method). In this case, during the assembly process, the next fastening tie is screwed into the previous one until it stops, thus positioning the fastening ties and ensuring dimensional stability is achieved only due to the geometric dimensions of the fastening tie itself and does not depend on the pulling force or other subjective factors.

[0032] In turn, each individual part is supported directly on the fastening tie, and not on the adjacent part. To create tightness in the presence of a guaranteed compensation gap between the connected parts, it is proposed to use a sealing profile, sealing tape, and sealants.

[0033] This solution allows, without being limited by the height and width of the assembled structure, to increase the operational load of the structure, avoid shrinkage of parts, and ensure dimensional stability. In addition, this method of connecting parts can be used to assemble quickly assembled / disassembled formwork and subsequent pouring of concrete, which may be in demand in the construction of structures of various purposes from monolithic concrete.

[0034] There is a possible variant of this invention, in which connecting plates or angles are used as connecting elements. Due to these advantageous characteristics, it becomes possible to use connecting plates or angles.

[0035] There is also a possible variant of this invention, in which profiled beams are used as a structural part, and connecting angles and connecting plates are inserted into grooves on the profiled beams.

[0036] Due to these advantageous characteristics, it becomes possible to additionally fix the elements of the structure to each other. The connecting plates and corners can be located in the recess of the profile, which ensures their positioning.

[0037] In addition, there is another possible variant of this invention, in which a seal is installed at the joints of profiled beams.

[0038] Due to these advantageous characteristics, it becomes possible to provide additional sealing of the connection points, as well as to create tightness with a guaranteed compensation gap between the connected parts. As a sealant, it is proposed to use a sealing profile, sealing tape, sealants.

[0039] There is a possible variant of this invention, in which the parts in sections are laid in an overlap. Due to these advantageous characteristics, it becomes possible to connect the parts without using plates.

[0040] Finally, there is a possible variant of this invention, in which profiled parts are used and additional transverse grooves are made in them, while during assembly the sections of the parts are duplicated, and duplicated connecting plates are used for connection.

[0041] Thanks to these advantageous characteristics, it becomes possible to increase the rigidity of the assembled structure.

[0042] The set of essential features of the proposed invention as a method is unknown from the state of the art for methods of similar purpose, which allows us to conclude that the invention meets the "novelty" criterion in relation to the method. In addition, this solution is not obvious to a specialist in this field.

[0043] Brief description of the drawings.

[0044] Other distinctive features and advantages of the present invention are clearly evident from the description given below for illustration and not as limiting, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0045] - figures 1A, 1B, 1C depict examples of possible designs of structural parts of various configurations, made from various materials with mounting holes,

[0046] - figures 2A, 2B, 2C depict examples of possible designs of the angle a between the end and the side plate of profiled beams with fastening holes,

[0047] - figures ZA, ZB, ZV depict an example of possible designs of fastening holes on various structural parts (in section along the axes of the fastening holes),

[0048] - figures 4 and 5 show examples of possible designs of fastening ties,

[0049] - figures 6 and 7 depict examples of possible designs of starting nuts, - figures 8A, 8B, 8C depict examples of possible designs of connecting elements, figure 9 depicts an example of a possible design of a connecting plate, figure 10 depicts an example of a possible design of a connecting angle, figure 1 1 depicts an example of a possible design of a duplicated connecting plate,

[0050] - figure 12 shows an example of a possible design of a beam with fastening holes, figure 13 shows an example of a possible design of a profiled beam with fastening holes,

[0051] - figure 14 shows an example of a possible execution of a section of a structure made of profiled beams,

[0052] - figure 15 depicts the installation of starting nuts in the fastening holes of a profiled beam, according to the invention,

[0053] - figure 16 depicts the installation of starting nuts in the fastening holes of the profiled beams of the first section of the structure, according to the invention,

[0054] - figure 17 depicts the installation of connecting elements (connecting angles and plates) on the profiled beams of the first section of the structure, according to the invention, figure 18 depicts the installation of fastening ties on the profiled beams of the first section of the structure, according to the invention,

[0055] - figure 19 depicts the installation of profiled beams of the second section on profiled beams of the first section of the structure, according to the invention,

[0056] - figure 20 depicts the installation of connecting elements (connecting angles and plates) on the profiled beams of the second section of the structure, according to the invention, figure 21 depicts the installation of fastening ties on the profiled beams of the second section of the structure, according to the invention, - figure 22 depicts an example of an assembled structure consisting of ten sections with a horizontal method of assembling the profiled beams, according to the invention,

[0057] - figure 23 depicts an example of an assembled structure consisting of ten sections with a vertical method of assembling profiled beams, according to the invention,

[0058] - figure 24 depicts a sectional view of the connection of profiled beams: positioning of fastening ties, according to the invention,

[0059] - figure 25 shows a connection of profiled beams in partial section: positioning of profiled beams, according to the invention, figure 26 shows an example of the execution of a section with duplication of profiled beams and the use of a duplicated (reinforced) connecting plate, figure 27 shows the assembly of a section with duplication of profiled beams and the use of a duplicated (reinforced) connecting plate, figure 28 shows the assembly of sections with duplication of profiled beams and the use of duplicated (reinforced) connecting plates,

[0060] - Figure 29 shows an example of an assembled structure consisting of ten sections with duplication of profiled beams and the use of duplicated (reinforced) connecting plates,

[0061] - Figure 30 shows an example of a section of profiled beams assembled in an overlap.

[0062] - Figure 31 shows an example of the execution of a structural part from a metal profile.

[0063] - figure 32 depicts an example of the execution of a fastening hole in a structural part made of a metal profile. figure 33 depicts an example of the execution of a one-piece structural part made of metal.

[0064] - figure 34 depicts an example of the execution of a fastening hole in a one-piece structural part made of metal. Implementation of the invention

[0065] We will consider the method of connecting structural parts using the example of profiled timber 13, keeping in mind that this most comprehensive example does not limit the application of the invention.

[0066] • in each profiled beam 13, fastening holes 3 are made;

[0067] • starting nuts 7 are installed in the fastening holes 3 on the profiled beams 13 of the first section;

[0068] • the first section of the structure is formed, for which purpose the profiled beams 13 of the first section are installed with starting nuts 7 according to the shape of the specified section and connecting angles 10 and plates 9 are installed on the profiled beams 13 in such a way that the fastening holes 3 on the profiled beams and connecting elements 9 and 10 are located coaxially;

[0069] • through the holes on the connecting elements 9 and 10, the fastening ties 5 are installed into the fastening holes 3 on the profiled beams 13 of the first section and screwed into the starting nuts 7 until they stop;

[0070] • form a second section, for which the profiled beams 13 of the second section are installed on the profiled beams 13 of the first section in such a way that the connecting elements 9 and 10 are located between the profiled beams 13 of the first and second sections, and the fastening holes 3 on the profiled beams 13 of the first and second sections and the connecting elements 9 and 10 are coaxial;

[0071] • install connecting angles 10 and plates 9 on profiled beams 13 of the second section in such a way that the fastening holes 3 on the profiled beams and connecting elements 9 and 10 are located coaxially;

[0072] • through the holes on the connecting elements 9 and 10, the fastening ties 5 are installed into the fastening holes 3 on the profiled beams 13 of the second section and screwed into the fastening ties 5 of the first section until they stop;

[0073] • continue this way until the required length or height of the structure is reached, depending on the horizontal or vertical assembly method. Optionally, a seal 31 is installed at the joints of the parts. Shown in Figure 24.

[0074] Optionally, sections are formed by installing parts in an overlap. See Fig. 30.

[0075] Optionally, profiled parts with additional transverse grooves are used, and when assembling the section, the parts are duplicated and duplicated connecting plates 11 are used, see Fig. 26-29.

[0076] The gaps between the parts are shown as 32, see Fig. 24.

[0077] Industrial applicability.

[0078] The proposed method of connecting parts can be implemented by a specialist in practice and, when implemented, ensures the implementation of the stated purpose, which allows us to conclude that the invention meets the “industrial applicability” criterion.

[0079] The method was tested in practice, where it was shown that due to the fact that all stages were used, in the version of the independent claim, the declared technical result is achieved, namely: ensuring the stability of the geometric size of the structure obtained by connecting the parts.

[0080] This method also allows for multiple assembly and disassembly in detail in the constructor mode without damaging individual elements.

[0081] When assembling the parts, no assembly qualifications are required, and only one impact wrench is required as a tool.

[0082] The assembly of parts using the proposed method is carried out significantly faster compared to existing technologies and is the final external and internal finishing, allowing the commissioning of structures in record time.

[0083] Also, the assembly of parts in a ring-shaped manner eliminates the need for additional installation of the roof structure and floor covering, which, on the one hand, creates an insulated (residential) under-roof space, automatically adding an attic floor to the living area of ​​the structure, and on the other hand, eliminates frame structures from the floor, ceilings and roof - which are the most complex in terms of quality and complexity of manufacture.

[0084] Multiple mechanical connections in the form of connecting elements and fastening ties create spatial rigidity of the structure, preventing parts from deforming during operation.

[0085] In cases where a profiled beam is used as a part, the presence of a guaranteed gap between the beams allows for compensation of the moisture expansion of the wood, which allows for operation in any climate. The sealant laid in the grooves of the beams compensates for the expansion of the wood during operation, creating a seal.

[0086] That is, in the case of a wooden beam, the guaranteed gap is a compensation gap for the moisture expansion of wood, and in the case of reinforced concrete and fiber concrete beams, these are safety gaps in case of deviation of the beam size from the standard, in order to maintain the accuracy of the fastening tie. Otherwise, the fastening ties will not be screwed into each other until they stop, and an accumulating error will occur, which will lead to the curvature of the structure.

[0087] The structures assembled using this technology can have various section shapes. All of this has been tested using examples of completed projects and is successfully operated.

Claims

CLAUSES OF THE INVENTION 1. A method of connecting structural parts in which: - fastening holes are made in the structural parts, - sections are formed sequentially from structural parts, for which two or more structural parts are connected to each other by connecting elements, - connect sections together using fastening elements installed in fastening holes, characterized in that - starting nuts and fastening ties are used as fastening elements, each of which has a corresponding external screw thread on one side and an extension with an internal thread for connection with the next fastening tie, - starting nuts are installed into the fastening holes of the structural parts of the first section, - the first section is formed by installing the structural parts of the first section with starting nuts according to the shape of the said section and installing connecting angles and / or plates on the structural parts in such a way that the fastening holes of the structural parts and on the connecting elements are located coaxially, - through the holes on the connecting elements, fastening ties are installed into the fastening holes of the structural parts of the first section and screwed into the starting nuts until they stop, - a second section is formed, for which the structural parts of the second section are installed on the structural parts of the first section in such a way that the connecting elements are located between the structural parts of the first and second sections, and the fastening holes of the structural parts of the first and second sections and the connecting elements are coaxial, - install connecting angles and / or plates on the structural parts of the second section in such a way that the fastening holes of the structural parts and on the connecting elements are located coaxially, - through the holes on the connecting elements, fastening ties are installed into the fastening holes of the structural parts of the second section and screwed into the fastening ties of the first section until they stop, - continue this way until the required length or height of the assembled structure is reached, depending on the horizontal or vertical assembly method.

2. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that connecting plates are used as connecting elements.

3. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that connecting angles are used as connecting elements.

4. The method according to paragraph 2 or 3, characterized in that profiled beams are used as structural parts, and the connecting angles and connecting plates are inserted into grooves on the profiled beams.

5. The method according to paragraph 2 or 3, characterized in that the structural parts are made of metal profile parts, on the opposite faces of which fastening holes are made coaxially, and are additionally installed in Mounting holes in the sleeve for positioning and preventing rotation of the fastening ties during tightening.

6. The method according to paragraph 2 or 3, characterized in that the structural parts are solid cast parts made of metal, reinforced concrete, polymer or composite materials, and are additionally installed in the fastening holes of the sleeve for positioning and preventing the fastening ties from turning during tightening.

7. The method according to paragraph 4, characterized in that a sealant is installed at the joints of the profiled beams.

8. The method according to paragraph 4, characterized in that the profiled beams in sections are connected by overlapping.

9. The method according to paragraph 4, characterized in that additional transverse grooves are made in the profiled beams, and when assembling the section, the profiled beams are duplicated, and duplicated connecting plates are used for the connection. 14

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