Antenna structure and communication system

Abstract

An antenna structure and a communication system. The antenna structure comprises two antenna assemblies (1) spaced apart from each other in a first direction; the two antenna assemblies (1) are arranged symmetrically about a first plane (9) located between the two antenna assemblies (1); the first direction is set to be perpendicular to the first plane (9); each antenna assembly (1) comprises at least two antenna units (2) spaced apart from each other; each antenna unit (2) comprises a reflecting plate (4) and a patch mechanism (5) which are connected to each other; and the patch mechanism (5) is located on the side of the reflecting plate (4) facing away from the first plane (9). The communication system comprises the antenna structure.

Description

Antenna structures and communication systems

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed on July 31, 2023, with application number 202310955337.7 and invention name “Antenna Structure and Communication System”, the content of which should be understood as incorporated into this application by reference. Technical Field

[0002] The present disclosure relates to, but is not limited to, the field of communications, and in particular to an antenna structure and a communication system. Background Art

[0003] The dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna is a new antenna technology that combines two antennas with mutually orthogonal polarization directions of +45° and -45° and operates simultaneously in transmit and receive duplex mode. Therefore, its most prominent advantage is that it saves the number of antennas in a single directional base station.

[0004] Currently, dual-polarization omnidirectional antennas have complex structures, high costs, and are inconvenient to assemble and disassemble. In addition, to ensure gain, the number of antenna units needs to be increased, resulting in a larger overall size of the dual-polarization omnidirectional antenna and a larger windward surface, which increases the possibility of damage from the natural environment.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] The following is a summary of the subject matter described in detail herein. This summary is not intended to limit the scope of the claims.

[0007] At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides an antenna structure, comprising two antenna assemblies spaced apart in a first direction, the two antenna assemblies being symmetrically arranged about a first plane located between the two antenna assemblies, the first direction being perpendicular to the first plane;

[0008] The antenna assembly includes at least two antenna units spaced apart from each other. The antenna unit includes a reflector and a patch mechanism connected to each other. The patch mechanism is located on a side of the reflector facing away from the first plane.

[0009] In some exemplary embodiments, the antenna assembly further includes a connector, the reflective plates of two adjacent antenna units are arranged to be connected via the connector, and the two adjacent antenna units are arranged to be symmetrical about the connector.

[0010] In some exemplary embodiments, the reflection plates of at least two of the antenna units are located in a second plane and are spaced apart from each other, the connecting member is configured to be plate-shaped and located in the second plane, and the second plane is parallel to the first plane.

[0011] In some exemplary embodiments, the connecting member is configured to be an integral piece with the reflective plates of two adjacent antenna units, and the thickness of the connecting member is consistent with the thickness of the reflective plates.

[0012] In some exemplary embodiments, the connecting member is provided with a first slot, the first slot is arranged to penetrate the connecting member in the first direction, and the first slot is centrally arranged on the connecting member.

[0013] In some exemplary embodiments, the first slots include a plurality of first transverse slots and a plurality of first vertical slots, the plurality of first transverse slots are parallel to each other and are arranged at equal intervals along the second direction, the plurality of first vertical slots are parallel to each other and are arranged at equal intervals along the third direction, the plurality of first transverse slots and the plurality of first vertical slots intersect to form a network, and the first direction, the second direction and the third direction are arranged to be perpendicular to each other.

[0014] In some exemplary embodiments, there are two antenna units, the two antenna units are spaced apart in the second direction, and a reflective sheet perpendicular to the reflective plates of the two antenna units is provided, and the reflective sheet and the reflective plate are provided as an integral part;

[0015] The reflective plate is set as a third edge away from the edge of the connecting member in the second direction, one end of the reflective sheet is connected to the third edge, and the other end extends back to the first plane, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0016] In some exemplary embodiments, the length of the reflective sheet is set to be consistent with the extension length of the third edge, and the distance between the end of the reflective sheet away from the reflective plate and the reflective plate is set to H, wherein 10 mm < H < 15 mm.

[0017] In some exemplary embodiments, the patch mechanism includes a dielectric plate and a radiating patch, the radiating patch is arranged parallel to the reflective plate and spaced apart from the reflective plate in the first direction, the dielectric plate is sandwiched between the radiating patch and the reflective plate, and the dielectric plate and the radiating patch are both arranged centered relative to the reflective plate;

[0018] The radiation patch has two feeding ports that are rotationally symmetrical at 90° about a geometric center of the radiation patch.

[0019] In some exemplary embodiments, the projection of the dielectric plate on the first plane is set to be within the projection of the reflective plate on the first plane, and the projection of the radiation patch on the first plane is within the projection of the dielectric plate on the first plane.

[0020] In some exemplary embodiments, the reflective plate, the dielectric plate and the radiation patch are all set to plate structures of the same shape; the edges of the connecting member at both ends of the second direction are set to first edges, the first edge is set to be connected to the reflective plate, and the extension length of the first edge is set to be equal to or less than the extension length of the edge of the reflective plate close to the connecting member.

[0021] In some exemplary embodiments, a second slot is formed on the radiation patch, and the second slot is centrally arranged on the radiation patch and passes through the radiation patch.

[0022] In some exemplary embodiments, the second slot is configured as a cross-shaped slot, and the cross-shaped slot includes a second transverse slot and a second vertical slot intersecting with each other.

[0023] In some exemplary embodiments, the width of each of the second transverse and second vertical grooves is set to 1 mm to 2 mm, and each of the second transverse and second vertical grooves has a length of L1. The second transverse or second vertical grooves are configured to extend along a second direction, and the radiating patch extends along a length of L2 in the second direction, where L1:L2 = 1:2, and the second direction is configured to be perpendicular to the first direction.

[0024] In some exemplary embodiments, a metal piece is provided between the radiation patch and the reflective plate, the radiation patch and the reflective plate are configured to be electrically connected via the metal piece, and the metal piece is embedded in the dielectric plate.

[0025] In some exemplary embodiments, the metal member is configured as a metal sheet, the metal sheet is perpendicular to the reflective plate and the radiation patch and is respectively attached to the reflective plate and the radiation patch at both ends in the first direction, and the dielectric plate is provided with an embedding groove for accommodating the metal sheet;

[0026] One edge of the radiation patch in the third direction is set as the second edge, the two feeding ports are set away from the second edge, the metal sheet extends along the third direction, the metal sheet is set to be centered relative to the radiation patch in the second direction, one end of the metal sheet is flush with the second edge, and the first direction, the second direction and the third direction are set to be perpendicular to each other.

[0027] In some exemplary embodiments, the patch mechanism further includes a parasitic patch and a foam pad, wherein the parasitic patch is located on the side of the radiation patch facing away from the reflector plate, the parasitic patch is parallel to the radiation patch and is spaced apart from the radiation patch in the first direction, and the foam pad is sandwiched between the parasitic patch and the radiation patch.

[0028] In some exemplary embodiments, the parasitic patch and the foam pad are both configured as square plates;

[0029] The projection of the radiation patch on the first plane is located within the projection range of the parasitic patch on the first plane;

[0030] The projection of the foam pad on the first plane is consistent with the projection of the radiation patch on the first plane.

[0031] In some exemplary embodiments, the feeding ports are coaxial feeding ports, and the phase difference between the two feeding ports is 180°.

[0032] In some exemplary embodiments, one end of the feeding port passes through the radiation patch and is welded to the radiation patch at the end surface of the radiation patch facing away from the reflection plate, and the other end passes through the reflection plate.

[0033] In some exemplary embodiments, the distance between two adjacent antenna assemblies is set to 10 mm to 50 mm.

[0034] In some exemplary embodiments, in one of the antenna assemblies, the total projected area of ​​the connector and the reflector of the antenna unit on the first plane is set to 0.1 m 2 to 0.15m 2 .

[0035] Still other aspects will become apparent upon reading and understanding the accompanying drawings and detailed description.

[0036] Summary of the Figures

[0037] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0038] FIG2 is a side view of the antenna structure in FIG1 ;

[0039] FIG3 is a front view of the antenna assembly in FIG1 ;

[0040] FIG4 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG3 ;

[0041] FIG5 is a partial schematic diagram of FIG4;

[0042] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the antenna unit in FIG1 ;

[0043] FIG7 is a front view of the antenna unit in FIG6;

[0044] FIG8 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0045] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0046] FIG10 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0047] FIG11 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0048] FIG12 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0049] FIG13 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0050] FIG14 is a schematic diagram of the radiation patch in FIG8;

[0051] FIG15 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0052] FIG16 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0053] FIG17 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0054] FIG18 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0055] FIG19 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0056] FIG20 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG19 ;

[0057] FIG21 is a schematic diagram of the dielectric plate in FIG19;

[0058] FIG22 is a partial schematic diagram of FIG20;

[0059] FIG23 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0060] FIG24 is a partial schematic diagram of the antenna structure of FIG23;

[0061] FIG25 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0062] FIG26 is a partial schematic diagram of the antenna structure of FIG25;

[0063] FIG27 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0064] FIG28 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0065] FIG29 is an antenna pattern of the antenna structure shown in FIG1 ;

[0066] FIG30 is a schematic diagram of Realizd Gain simulation of the antenna structure shown in FIG1 ;

[0067] FIG31 is an antenna pattern of the antenna structure shown in FIG17;

[0068] FIG32 is another antenna pattern of the antenna structure shown in FIG1 .

[0069] Explanation of the figure marks: 1-antenna assembly, 2-antenna unit, 3-connector, 4-reflector, 5-patch mechanism, 6-dielectric plate, 7-radiation patch, 8-feeding port, 9-first plane, 10-first edge, 11-third edge, 12-first through hole, 13-second through hole, 14-third through hole, 15-second edge, 16-second slot, 17-second transverse slot, 18-second vertical slot, 19-first slot, 20-first transverse slot, 21-first vertical slot, 22-metal part, 23-embedded slot, 24-foam pad, 25-parasitic patch, 26-reflector, 27-metal sheet, 28-transition plate, 29-fourth edge, 30-oblique slot, 31-circular via.

[0070] Details

[0071] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure clearer, the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Note that the embodiments can be implemented in a variety of different forms. A person of ordinary skill in the art can easily understand the fact that the methods and contents can be transformed into various forms without departing from the purpose and scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure should not be interpreted as being limited to the contents described in the following embodiments. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments in the present disclosure and the features in the embodiments can be arbitrarily combined with each other.

[0072] In this specification, ordinal numbers such as “first”, “second” and “third” are provided to avoid confusion among constituent elements, and are not intended to limit the number.

[0073] In this specification, for convenience, words and phrases indicating orientation or positional relationships, such as "middle," "upper," "lower," "front," "back," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inside," and "outside," are used to illustrate the positional relationships of constituent elements with reference to the accompanying drawings. This is merely for the purpose of facilitating the description of this specification and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure. The positional relationships of constituent elements may be appropriately changed depending on the direction in which each constituent element is described. Therefore, the present disclosure is not limited to the words and phrases described in the specification and may be appropriately replaced according to the circumstances.

[0074] In this specification, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed, removable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct connections, indirect connections through intermediaries, or internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this disclosure.

[0075] In this specification, "parallel" refers to a state where the angle formed by two straight lines is greater than -10° and less than 10°, and thus also includes a state where the angle is greater than -5° and less than 5°. Furthermore, "perpendicular" refers to a state where the angle formed by two straight lines is greater than 80° and less than 100°, and thus also includes a state where the angle is greater than 85° and less than 95°.

[0076] The triangles, rectangles, trapezoids, pentagons or hexagons in this specification are not in the strict sense, but may be approximate triangles, rectangles, trapezoids, pentagons or hexagons, etc. There may be some small deformations caused by tolerances, and there may be chamfers, arc edges and deformations.

[0077] The term "about" in the present disclosure refers to a numerical value that is not strictly defined and allows for process and measurement errors.

[0078] As shown in Figure 1, an antenna structure may include two antenna assemblies 1 spaced apart in a first direction. The two antenna assemblies 1 may be arranged symmetrically about a first plane 9 located between the two antenna assemblies 1, with the first direction being perpendicular to the first plane. The antenna assembly 1 may include at least two spaced-apart antenna units 2. Each antenna unit 2 may include a connected reflector 4 and a patch mechanism 5. The patch mechanism 5 may be located on the side of the reflector 4 facing away from the first plane 9. Thus, this antenna structure, using only two antenna assemblies 1, can achieve omnidirectional coverage. Compared to related dual-polarized omnidirectional antennas, it maintains gain while maintaining a smaller size and simpler structure.

[0079] In some exemplary embodiments, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the two antenna assemblies 1 are arranged symmetrically about the first plane 9, the distances between the two antenna assemblies 1 and the first plane 9 are equal, and the distance between the two antenna assemblies 1 is set to D. In this example, the value of D can be set to 40 mm, but is not limited thereto. For example, the value of D can be other values ​​greater than 10 mm.

[0080] In some exemplary embodiments, as shown in FIG1 and FIG2 , the antenna assembly 1 may further include a connector 3 in addition to the antenna unit 2. The reflectors 4 of two adjacent antenna units 2 may be configured to be connected via the connector 3. The two adjacent antenna units 2 may be configured to be symmetrically arranged according to the connector 3. The connector 3 and the two connected reflectors 4 may be an integral part, but are not limited thereto. For example, the connector 3 and the two connected reflectors 4 may be detachably connected by plugging, snapping, etc. With respect to a single antenna assembly 1, the antenna assembly 1 includes two antenna units 2. The two antenna units 2 are spaced apart in the second direction. The reflectors 4 of the two antenna units 2 may both be located on a second plane, which is parallel to the first plane 9. The second direction is perpendicular to the first direction and parallel to the first plane 9. The number of antenna units 2 is not limited to two. The following uses two antenna units as an example to describe the antenna structure.

[0081] In some exemplary embodiments, as shown in Figures 1 and 3, the reflective plate 4 may be made of metal and may be set to a square plate shape. In this example, the reflective plate 4 may be a copper plate, and the thickness of the reflective plate 4 is h. The four circumferential edges of the reflective plate 4 are perpendicular to each other and have the same extension length. As shown in Figure 7, the dimension in the second direction is set to L6, and the dimension in the third direction is set to L11, where L6=L11, that is, the side length of the square projection of the reflective plate 4 on the first plane is also L6, and it can also be said that the side length of the square projection of the reflective plate 4 on the first plane is also L11. The cross-section of the reflective plate 4 parallel to the first plane 9 is a square, and the side length of the square is also L6 or L11. The four circumferential edges of the reflective plate 4 include a third edge 11 away from the connector 3, and the third edge 11 extends along the third direction, and the above-mentioned third direction is perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction. The shape of the reflective plate 4 is not limited to a square plate. For example, the reflective plate 4 can also be a rectangular plate. The size of the reflective plate 4 in the second direction is not equal to the size of the reflective plate 4 in the third direction. For example, the reflective plate 4 is a diamond plate, etc., and the four circumferential edges of the reflective plate 4 are no longer perpendicular to each other.

[0082] In some exemplary embodiments, as shown in Figures 1 and 3, the connector 3 can be made of metal and also be in the shape of a plate. In this example, the connector 3 can also be a copper plate. The connector 3 can also be in the second plane, that is, the connector 3 and the reflector 4 are coplanar. The thickness of the connector 3 can be the same as the thickness of the reflector 4, both being h. Thus, the connector 3 and the two reflectors 4 can be formed by a copper plate with a thickness of h, which is convenient for production. The connector 3 can be rectangular, and the four circumferential edges of the connector can include two first edges 10 (dashed line positions in Figure 3) located at the two ends of the connector 3 in the second direction, respectively. The extension length of the first edge 10 is set to the dimension L14 of the connecting plate 3 in the third direction. The two first edges 10 are respectively connected to the two reflectors 4, and the first edge 10 extends along the third direction. The edge of the circumferential edge of the reflector 4 that is away from the third edge 11 is connected to the first edge 10. The third edge 11 and the first edge 10 extend the same length in the third direction, that is, L14 in Figure 3 is equal to L11 in Figure 7, so that the ends of the connector 3 and the reflector 4 in the third direction are flush. It can be seen that the copper plate constituting the connector 3 and the two reflectors 4 is rectangular. In addition, the dimension of the connector 3 in the second direction can be L15, where the value of L15 is set to be equal to the value of L14, so that the connector 3 is also square, but is not limited to this. The dimension of the connector 3 in the second direction (L15) can be greater than or less than the dimension of the connector in the third direction (L14), forming a rectangle.

[0083] In some exemplary embodiments, as shown in Figures 1, 3, 5, and 7, the patch mechanism 5 may include a dielectric plate 6 and a radiating patch 7. The radiating patch 7 may be positioned parallel to the reflector 4 and spaced apart from the reflector 4 in the first direction. The dielectric plate 6 is sandwiched between the radiating patch 7 and the reflector 4. The reflector 4, dielectric plate 6, and radiating patch 7 can be assembled as a single unit using a printed circuit board process, resulting in low-cost and easy manufacturing. The use of the patch mechanism 5 enables the antenna structure to be a microstrip patch antenna, offering the advantage of a low profile and effectively reducing the overall thickness of the antenna. The dielectric plate 6 may utilize an FR4 substrate, and the radiating patch 7 may be a copper plate. The two radiating patches 7 are approximately 300 mm to 400 mm apart in the second direction. The dielectric plate 6 and radiating patch 7 are both centrally located relative to the reflector 4, with the geometric centers of the reflector 4, dielectric plate 6, and radiating patch 7 aligned in a straight line extending in the first direction.

[0084] In some exemplary embodiments, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, the dielectric plate 6 and the radiating patch 7 are both square plates. The four circumferential edges of the dielectric plate 6 are mutually perpendicular and of uniform size. Two edges extend along the second direction and two edges extend along the third direction. The dimension of the dielectric plate 6 in the second direction is set to L5, and the dimension of the dielectric plate 6 in the third direction is set to L10, where the value of L5 is equal to the value of L10. The cross-section of the dielectric plate 6 parallel to the first plane is a square, with a side length of L5, or L10, extending in the second and third directions, respectively. The four circumferential edges of the radiating patch 7 are mutually perpendicular, with two edges extending along the second direction and two edges extending in the third direction. The dimension of the radiating patch 7 in the second direction is set to L2, and the dimension of the radiating patch 7 in the third direction is set to L9, where the value of L2 is equal to the value of L9. The cross-section of the radiating patch 7 parallel to the first plane is a square, with a side length of L2, or L9, extending in the second and third directions, respectively. The edge length of dielectric plate 6 can be greater than that of radiating patch 7, indicating that L2 = L9 < L10 = L5. Based on Figures 5 and 6, combined with Figure 7, it can be seen that the edge length of dielectric plate 6 can be greater than that of radiating patch 7, and can also be less than that of reflector 4, i.e., L2 = L9 < L5 = L10 < L6 = L11. The projections of the three square-shaped components on the first plane are, from smallest to largest, radiating patch 7, dielectric plate 6, and reflector 4. This allows the projection of dielectric plate 6 on the first plane to be positioned within the projection of reflector 4 on the first plane, and the projection of radiating patch 7 on the first plane to be positioned within the projection of dielectric plate 6 on the first plane. The edge dimension ratio of radiating patch 7 to dielectric plate 6 is L2:L5, with the ratio of L2 to L5 ranging from 1:1.33 to 1.07:1.12. The edge size ratio of the reflector 4 and the dielectric plate 6 is L6:L5, and the ratio of L6:L5 is between 1:2.1 and 1.19:1.39.

[0085] In some exemplary embodiments, as shown in FIG1 and FIG3, the frontal area of ​​the antenna structure is approximately a cross section of the copper plate constituting the connecting plate 3 and the two reflecting plates 4 parallel to the first plane 9, and the area of ​​the cross section is equal to the product of the length of the first side and the length of the second side. The length of the first side is the size of the connecting plate 3 and the two reflecting plates 4 in the second direction, and the length of the second side is the size of the connecting plate 3 or the reflecting plate 4 in the third direction. The frontal area can be approximately 0.1m 2 to 0.15m 2 In this example, the frontal area can be 0.12m 2 , relative to the antenna standard frontal area (0.8m 2), which is much smaller than the standard windward area, ensuring that the antenna structure has a smaller windward area and is less affected by external environments such as wind and rain, thereby reducing the risk of damage from the natural environment.

[0086] In some exemplary embodiments, as shown in Figures 3 to 7, the radiating patch 7 may have two feeding ports 8 that are rotationally symmetric at 90° about the geometric center of the radiating patch 7. The feeding ports 8 may be coaxial feeding ports 8, and the two feeding ports 8 have a phase difference of 180°. The two feeding ports 8 are located on the two diagonals C1 of the square radiating patch 7, respectively, to form ±45° dual polarization, and the feeding mode is set to dual-port equal-radiation unequal-phase feeding. The four circumferential edges of the radiating patch 7 include a second edge 15, which is located at one end of the radiating patch 7 in the third direction and extends along the second direction. The two feeding ports 8 are arranged to be away from the second edge 15 and are equidistant from the second edge 15. The positions of the two feeding ports 8 are not limited to this. For example, the two feeding ports 8 may be located on the two diagonals C1, but are both arranged away from the edges of other radiating patches 7. The feed port 8 can be composed of a copper tinned pad (not shown) and a coaxial metal core (not shown). The cross-section of the feed port 8 is circular, and the copper tinned pad is provided with a through hole (not shown) for accommodating the coaxial metal core. The coaxial metal core passes through the radiating patch 7 and is soldered to the front side of the radiating patch 7 (the end surface facing away from the reflector 4). The other end of the coaxial metal core passes through the reflector 4 to connect and can be connected to a power divider (not shown) via a cable. The reflector 4, dielectric plate 6, and radiating patch 7 are respectively provided with a first through hole 12, a second through hole 13, and a third through hole 14 for accommodating the feed port 8.

[0087] In some exemplary embodiments, the antenna structure may include an insulator (not shown) and a housing (not shown). The two antenna assemblies 1 are connected by the insulator, which may be a hexagonal nylon post. Holes are punched in the reflector plate 4 or the connecting plate 3 of each antenna assembly 1, and the insulator is inserted into the corresponding holes to securely mount the antenna assemblies 1. The two antenna assemblies 1 may be mounted within the housing, which is slightly larger than the antenna structure. The antenna structure may also be positioned within the housing by the insulator.

[0088] In some exemplary embodiments, FIG30 is a schematic diagram of a Realizd Gain simulation of the antenna structure in FIG1 after considering port loss, and FIG29 is a simulation of the antenna pattern of the antenna structure in FIG1. ​​Realizd Gain simulation refers to the ratio between the input power and the output power of the antenna, which takes into account factors such as matching loss. The horizontal axis in FIG30 represents the circumferential angle of the antenna, and the vertical axis represents the gain value. The antenna pattern refers to a graph showing the relative field strength (normalized modulus) of the radiation field as a function of direction at a certain distance from the antenna, typically represented by two mutually perpendicular plane patterns in the direction of maximum radiation of the antenna. Based on the data in FIG29 and FIG30, the minimum gain of the 360° omnidirectional coverage of the antenna structure at a distance D of 40 mm is 4.16 dB, and the maximum is 11.17 dB. Furthermore, across the full frequency band used, S11 < -10 dB and S21 < -20 dB, demonstrating excellent performance. Thus, while ensuring performance, this antenna structure further simplifies the structure, reduces occupied space, saves materials, and reduces costs.

[0089] In some exemplary embodiments, as shown in FIG8 , a single antenna assembly 1 includes three antenna elements 2 spaced apart in the second direction. The reflectors 4 of the three antenna elements 2 lie on a second plane parallel to the first plane 9 , with the second direction perpendicular to the first direction and parallel to the first plane 9 . The reflector 4 can be a square plate. In this example, the reflector 4 and the connector 3 are both copper plates. The connector 3 also lies in the second plane, meaning the connector 3 and reflector 4 are coplanar. The thickness of the connector 3 can be the same as that of the reflector 4. Thus, the two connectors 3 and the three reflectors 4 are formed from a single copper plate of thickness h , facilitating production. The connector 3 is rectangular, with the edges of the connector 3 and the reflector 4 being of the same length as the sides of the reflector 4. The copper plate forming the two connectors 3 and the three reflectors 4 is rectangular. The antenna element 2 also includes a dielectric plate 6 and a radiating patch 7 . The reflector 4, dielectric plate 6, and radiating patch 7 can be integrated using a PCB process, resulting in low-cost and easy production. The dielectric plate 6 can be made of an FR4 substrate, and the radiation patch 7 can be a copper plate. The distance between the two radiation patches 7 in the second direction is about 300mm to 400mm. The dielectric plate 6 and the radiation patch 7 are both arranged to be centered relative to the reflector 4. The dielectric plate 6 and the radiation patch 7 are also square plates. The side lengths of the dielectric plate 6, the radiation patch 7 and the reflector 4 are arranged in descending order as the reflector 4, the dielectric plate 6 and the radiation patch 7. The radiation patch 7 can have two feeding ports 8 that are rotationally symmetrical at 90° about the geometric center of the radiation patch 7. The feeding port 8 can be a coaxial feeding port 8. The phase difference between the two feeding ports 8 is 180°, forming ±45° dual polarization, and the feeding mode is set to dual-port equal-radiation unequal-phase feeding. As shown in Figure 8, the frontal area of ​​the antenna structure is approximately the cross-section of the copper plate that constitutes the two connectors 3 and the three reflectors 4, which is parallel to the first plane 9. In this example, the frontal area is 0.2m 2 , relative to the antenna standard frontal area of ​​0.8m 2 , which is also much smaller than the standard frontal area, ensuring that the antenna structure has a smaller frontal area and reducing the risk of damage by the natural environment.

[0090] In some exemplary embodiments, as shown in FIG9 , a single antenna assembly 1 includes four antenna units 2. The reflectors 4 of the four antenna units 2 are all located within a plane defined by the second and third directions (the second plane), forming a two-row, two-column structure. In the third direction, there are two columns of spaced reflectors 4, each column of reflectors 4 having two spaced reflectors 4; in the second direction, there are two rows of spaced reflectors 4, each row of reflectors 4 having two spaced reflectors 4; regardless of whether in the third or second direction, the distance between adjacent reflectors 4 is equal. The reflectors 4 can be square plates. In this example, the reflectors 4 and the connectors 3 are both copper plates. The connectors 3 are also located in the second plane, meaning that the four connectors 3 and the four reflectors 4 are coplanar. A transition plate 28, also made of copper, is provided in the region between the four connectors 3. The thickness of the connector 3 and the transition plate 28 can be the same as the thickness of the reflector 4. Thus, the four connectors 3, the four reflectors 4, and the transition plate 28 are formed by a copper plate with a thickness of h, which is convenient for production. The connector 3 is rectangular, and the edge of the connector 3 connected to the reflector 4 is consistent with the side length of the reflector 4. The copper plate that constitutes the two connectors 3, the four reflectors 4, and the transition plate 28 is a square plate. The antenna unit 2 also includes a dielectric plate 6 and a radiation patch 7. The reflector 4, the dielectric plate 6, and the radiation patch 7 can be installed as a whole through the PCB process, which is low-cost and easy to manufacture. The dielectric plate 6 can use an FR4 substrate, and the radiation patch 7 can be a copper plate. The distance between the two radiation patches 7 is approximately 300mm to 400mm, and the distance in the third direction is also approximately 300mm to 400mm. The dielectric plate 6 and the radiation patch 7 are both arranged to be centered relative to the reflector 4. The dielectric plate 6 and the radiation patch 7 are also square plates. The side lengths of the dielectric plate 6, the radiation patch 7 and the reflector 4 are arranged in descending order as the reflector 4, the dielectric plate 6 and the radiation patch 7. The radiation patch 7 may have two feeding ports 8 that are rotationally symmetrical at 90° about the geometric center of the radiation patch 7. The feeding ports 8 may be coaxial feeding ports 8. The phase difference between the two feeding ports 8 is 180°, forming ±45° dual polarization. The feeding mode is set to dual-port equal-radiation unequal-phase feeding. As shown in FIG9 , the frontal area of ​​the antenna structure is approximately the area parallel to the first plane of the copper plate constituting the four connectors 3, the four reflectors 4 and the transition plate 28. In this example, the frontal area is 0.3m 2 , relative to the antenna standard frontal area of ​​0.8m 2 , which is also much smaller than the standard frontal area, ensuring that the antenna structure has a smaller frontal area and reducing the risk of damage by the natural environment.

[0091] In some exemplary embodiments, as shown in FIG10 , an antenna unit 2 includes a square reflector 4, a dielectric plate 6, and a radiation patch 7. The reflector 4, dielectric plate 6, and radiation patch 7 can be assembled as a whole through a PCB process, which is low-cost and easy to manufacture. The dielectric plate 6 and the radiation patch 7 are both arranged to be centered relative to the reflector 4. The two feeding ports 8 are respectively located on the two diagonals C1 of the square radiation patch 7, forming ±45° dual polarization, and the feeding mode is set to dual-port equal-radiation unequal-phase feeding. The four circumferential edges of the radiation patch 7 include a fourth edge 29, which is located at one end of the radiation patch 7 in the second direction and extends along the third direction. The two feeding ports 8 are both arranged to be close to the fourth edge 29 and have equal lengths from the fourth edge 29.

[0092] In some exemplary embodiments, as shown in FIG11 , a single antenna assembly 1 includes two antenna elements 2 spaced apart in the second direction. The reflectors 4 of the two antenna elements 2 lie in the same plane. The reflector 4 can be a square plate. In this example, the reflector 4 and the connector 3 are both copper plates. The connector 3 also lies in the second plane, meaning the connector 3 and reflector 4 are coplanar. The thickness of the connector 3 can be the same as that of the reflector 4. Thus, the connector 3 and the two reflectors 4 are constructed from a single copper plate with a thickness of h, facilitating production. The connector 3 is rectangular, with its dimensions in the third direction being smaller than those of the reflectors 4. Furthermore, the connector 3 is centrally located in the third direction, and the copper plate comprising the two connectors 3 and the three reflectors 4 is I-shaped. The dielectric plate 6 can be an FR4 substrate, and the radiating patches 7 can be copper plates. The two radiating patches 7 are approximately 300 to 400 mm apart in the second direction. The dielectric plate 6 and the radiation patch 7 are both arranged to be centered relative to the reflector 4. The dielectric plate 6 and the radiation patch 7 are also square plates. The side lengths of the dielectric plate 6, the radiation patch 7 and the reflector 4 are arranged in descending order as the reflector 4, the dielectric plate 6 and the radiation patch 7. The radiation patch 7 may have two feeding ports 8 that are rotationally symmetrical at 90° about the geometric center of the radiation patch 7. The feeding ports 8 may be coaxial feeding ports 8. The two feeding ports 8 have a phase difference of 180°, forming ±45° dual polarization, and the feeding mode is set to dual-port equal-radiation unequal-phase feeding. As shown in FIG11 , the frontal area of ​​the antenna structure is approximately the cross-section of the copper plate parallel to the first plane 9 constituting a connector 3 and two reflectors 4. In this example, the frontal area is smaller, approximately 0.1m 2 , relative to the antenna standard frontal area of ​​0.8m 2, which is also much smaller than the standard frontal area, ensuring that the antenna structure has a smaller frontal area and reducing the risk of damage from the natural environment. The reflector 4, dielectric plate 6, and radiating patch 7 can be assembled as a whole using printed circuit board technology, which is low-cost and easy to manufacture.

[0093] In some exemplary embodiments, as shown in FIG12 , a single antenna assembly 1 includes a reflector 4, a dielectric plate 6, and a radiating patch 7. The reflector 4, dielectric plate 6, and radiating patch 7 are all rectangular in shape. The dimensions of the reflector 4, dielectric plate 6, and radiating patch 7 in the third direction are all larger than their respective dimensions in the second direction. However, this is not limiting. For example, the dimensions of the reflector 4, dielectric plate 6, and radiating patch 7 in the second direction are all larger than their respective dimensions in the third direction. The dimensions of the connecting plate 3 in the third direction are consistent with those of the reflector 4, so that the connecting plate 3 and the two reflectors 4 form a single copper plate. The dielectric plate 6 and radiating patch 7 are both centered relative to the reflectors 4, such that the dielectric plate 6 on one reflector 4 is symmetrical with respect to the connecting plate 3 with respect to the dielectric plate 6 on the other reflector 4, and the radiating patch 7 on one reflector 4 is symmetrical with respect to the connecting plate 3 with respect to the radiating patch 7 on the other reflector 4. The radiation patch 7 may have two feeding ports 8 that are rotationally symmetrical at 90° about the geometric center of the radiation patch 7. The feeding ports 8 may be coaxial feeding ports 8. The phase difference between the two feeding ports 8 is 180°, forming ±45° dual polarization. The feeding mode is set to dual-port equal-radiation unequal-phase feeding.

[0094] In some exemplary embodiments, as shown in Figures 13 and 14, an antenna unit 2 includes a square reflector 4, a dielectric plate 6, and a radiating patch 7. The reflector 4, dielectric plate 6, and radiating patch 7 can be assembled as a whole using a PCB process, which is low-cost and easy to manufacture. The dielectric plate 6 and radiating patch 7 are both arranged to be centered relative to the reflector 4. The two feeding ports 8 are respectively located on the two diagonals of the square radiating patch 7. The radiating patch 7 may be provided with a second slot 16, which is centrally arranged on the radiating patch 7 and penetrates the radiating patch 7 in the thickness direction of the radiating patch 7. The geometric center of the second slot 16 coincides with the geometric center of the radiating patch 7, achieving a centered arrangement. The second slot 16 is configured as a cross-shaped slot, comprising a second transverse slot 17 and a second vertical slot 18 intersecting each other. The second transverse slot 17 and the second vertical slot 18 are perpendicular to each other and have a uniform slot length of L1. The second transverse slot 17 and the second vertical slot 18 have a uniform slot width, which can be set between 1 mm and 2 mm. The slot depth of the second transverse slot 17 and the second vertical slot 18 is equal to the thickness of the radiating patch 7, penetrating the radiating patch 7. As shown in FIG5 , the radiating patch 7 is a square plate with a side length of L2. That is, the extension length of the radiating patch 7 in the second direction is set to L2. Combined with FIG14 , L1:L2 = 1:2. The slot length of the second transverse slot 17 and the second vertical slot 18 is approximately half the side length of the radiating patch 7. In this example, the antenna structure, by providing the second slot 16, changes the current distribution on the antenna. The increased current path length causes the antenna to produce a resonance point with a lower resonant frequency than the antenna structure shown in FIG1 , thereby extending the antenna bandwidth. The second slot 16 is not limited to being a cross-shaped slot, and may be, for example, L-shaped, etc., but needs to be arranged centrally on the radiation patch 7 .

[0095] In some exemplary embodiments, as shown in FIG15 , the antenna unit includes a square reflector 4, a dielectric plate 6, and a radiating patch 7. The reflector 4, dielectric plate 6, and radiating patch 7 can be assembled as a single unit using a PCB process, resulting in low-cost and easy fabrication. Both the dielectric plate 6 and radiating patch 7 are centrally positioned relative to the reflector 4. The radiating patch 7 may be provided with a second slot 16, centrally positioned on the radiating patch 7 and extending through the radiating patch 7 in its thickness direction. The geometric center of the second slot 16 coincides with that of the radiating patch 7, achieving a central placement. The second slot 16 is configured as a cross-shaped slot, comprising two intersecting oblique slots 30, which are perpendicular to each other and have the same length and width, which can be set between 1 mm and 2 mm. The depth of the two oblique slots 30 is equal to the thickness of the radiating patch 7, ensuring that the slots extend through the radiating patch 7. The radiating patch 7 may have two feeding ports 8 that are rotationally symmetrical at 90° about the geometric center of the radiating patch 7. The feeding ports 8 may be coaxial feeding ports 8. The two feeding ports 8 have a phase difference of 180°, forming ±45° dual polarization, and the feeding mode is set to dual-port equal-radiation unequal-phase feeding. As shown in FIG15 , the radiating patch 7 is a square plate with a side length, and the slot length of the inclined slot 30 is approximately half of the side length of the radiating patch 7. One inclined slot 30 and one feeding port 8 are located on one diagonal C1 of the radiating patch 7, and the other inclined slot 30 and another feeding port 8 are located on the other diagonal C1 of the radiating patch 7. The antenna structure of this example changes the current distribution on the antenna by opening a second slot 16. The increase in the current path length causes the antenna to produce a resonance point with a lower resonance frequency than the antenna structure shown in FIG1 (the antenna structure shown in FIG1 does not have a second slot 16), thereby expanding the bandwidth of the antenna.

[0096] In some exemplary embodiments, as shown in FIG16 , the antenna unit may include a square reflector 4, a dielectric plate 6, and a radiating patch 7. The reflector 4, dielectric plate 6, and radiating patch 7 can be assembled as a whole using a printed circuit board process, resulting in low-cost and easy production. The dielectric plate 6 and radiating patch 7 are both centrally located relative to the reflector 4. The radiating patch 7 may be provided with a second slot 16, centrally located on the radiating patch 7 and extending through the thickness of the radiating patch 7. The geometric center of the second slot 16 coincides with the geometric center of the radiating patch 7, achieving a central arrangement. The second slot 16 is configured as a T-shaped slot, comprising a second transverse slot 17 and a second vertical slot 18 intersecting each other. The second transverse slot 17 and the second vertical slot 18 are perpendicular to each other and have a consistent length of L1. The second transverse slot 17 and the second vertical slot 18 have a consistent width, which can be set between 1 mm and 2 mm. The depth of the second transverse slot 17 and the second vertical slot 18 is equal to the thickness of the radiating patch 7, penetrating the radiating patch 7. One end of the second vertical slot 18 connects to the second transverse slot 17, forming a T-shape, with the geometric center of the T-shaped slot located at the geometric center of the radiating patch 7. As shown in FIG16 , the radiating patch 7 is a square plate with a side length of L2, i.e., the extension length of the radiating patch 7 in the third direction is set to L2. In combination with FIG16 , L1:L2 = 1:2, and the slot lengths of the second transverse slot 17 and the second vertical slot 18 are approximately half the side length of the radiating patch 7. The antenna structure of this example utilizes a second slot 16 to alter the current distribution within the antenna. This increased current path length creates a resonance point at a lower frequency than the antenna structure shown in FIG1 , thereby extending the antenna's bandwidth. Second slot 16 is not limited to a T-shaped slot; for example, it can be an I-shaped slot. However, it must be centered on radiating patch 7.

[0097] In some exemplary embodiments, as shown in FIG17 , the antenna unit includes a square reflector 4, a dielectric plate 6, and a radiating patch 7. The reflector 4, dielectric plate 6, and radiating patch 7 can be assembled as a whole using a PCB process, resulting in low cost and ease of manufacture. The dielectric plate 6 and radiating patch 7 are both arranged centered relative to the reflector 4. The radiating patch 7 and the connector 3 both have slots. The radiating patch 7 may be provided with a second slot 16, which is centered on the radiating patch 7 and passes through the radiating patch 7 in the thickness direction of the radiating patch 7. The geometric center of the second slot 16 coincides with the geometric center of the radiating patch 7, achieving a centered arrangement. The second slot 16 is configured as a cross-shaped slot, which includes a second transverse slot 17 and a second vertical slot 18 that intersect, and the second transverse slot 17 and the second vertical slot 18 are perpendicular. The connector 3 may be provided with a first slot 19. The first slot 19 may be configured to extend through the connector 3 in a first direction. The first slot 19 is centrally located on the connector 3 and symmetrical about the geometric center of the connector 3. An eccentric arrangement of the first slot 19 may affect the symmetry of the antenna. The first slot 19 includes intersecting first transverse slots 20 and first vertical slots 21. A plurality of first transverse slots 20 are parallel to each other and are equally spaced along the second direction. A plurality of first vertical slots 21 are parallel to each other and are equally spaced along the third direction. The first transverse slots 20 are perpendicular to the first vertical slots 21. Each first transverse slot 20 may be configured to intersect and communicate with all first vertical slots 21, and each first vertical slot 21 may be configured to intersect and communicate with all first transverse slots 20, forming a network. The length of the first vertical groove 21 and the second vertical groove 21 is the same and smaller than the side length of the dielectric plate, both being L4, where L4 is approximately 0.9 x L5. The depth and width of the first vertical groove 21 and the second vertical groove 21 are the same, with the width ranging from 1 mm to 1.5 mm, and 1 mm in this example. The depth of both is equal to the thickness of the connecting plate 3. The dielectric plate 6 can be an FR4 substrate, and the radiating patch 7 and the reflector 4 can be copper plates. The two radiating patches 7 are approximately 300 mm to 400 mm apart in the second direction. The dielectric plate 6 and the radiating patches 7 are also square plates. The side lengths of the dielectric plate 6, the radiating patches 7, and the reflector 4 are arranged in descending order: reflector 4, dielectric plate 6, and radiating patch 7. The radiating patch 7 may have two feeding ports 8 that are rotationally symmetrical at 90° about the geometric center of the radiating patch 7. The feeding ports 8 may be coaxial feeding ports 8. The phase difference between the two feeding ports 8 is 180°, forming ±45° dual polarization, and the feeding mode is set to dual-port equal-radiation unequal-phase feeding. The antenna structure of this example can improve the coupling between the two-sided antenna components 1 by adding a first slot 19. Figure 31 is a schematic diagram of the antenna structure after antenna pattern simulation. As shown in Figure 31 and Figure 29, compared with the antenna structure described in Figure 1, the minimum gain of this antenna structure is increased from 4.16dB to 4.3dB, while the maximum gain of 11.17dB is reduced to 11.02dB, and the non-circularity of the overall pattern is improved by about 0.3dB.The first slots 19 are not limited to being intersecting first transverse slots 20 and first vertical slots 21. For example, the first slots 19 may be only a plurality of parallel first transverse slots 20, or only a plurality of parallel first vertical slots 21, which can also increase the current path and reduce coupling.

[0098] In some exemplary embodiments, as shown in FIG18 , the antenna unit includes a square reflector 4, a dielectric plate 6, and a radiating patch 7. The reflector 4, dielectric plate 6, and radiating patch 7 can be assembled as a whole using a PCB process, resulting in low cost and ease of manufacture. The dielectric plate 6 and radiating patch 7 are both arranged centered relative to the reflector 4. The radiating patch 7 and the connector 3 both have slots. The radiating patch 7 may be provided with a second slot 16, which is centered on the radiating patch 7 and passes through the radiating patch 7 in the thickness direction of the radiating patch 7. The geometric center of the second slot 16 coincides with the geometric center of the radiating patch 7, achieving a centered arrangement. The second slot 16 is configured as a cross-shaped slot, which includes a second transverse slot 17 and a second vertical slot 18 that intersect, and the second transverse slot 17 and the second vertical slot 18 are perpendicular. The connector 3 may be provided with a first slot 19. This first slot 19 may be arranged to extend through the connector 3 in the first direction. The first slot 19 is centrally located on the connector 3 and symmetrical about the geometric center of the connector 3. An off-center arrangement of the first slot 19 would affect the symmetry of the antenna. The first slot 19 includes a plurality of circular vias 31 arranged in a matrix. In this example, the circular vias 31 form a 5x5 array. In the second direction, there are five columns of circular vias 31, each column having five circular vias 31 and arranged evenly spaced. In the third direction, there are five rows of circular vias 31, each row having five circular vias 31 and arranged evenly spaced. The first slot 19 is not limited to circular vias 31; it can also be square, diamond-shaped, or other arrangements. The circular vias 31 can be arranged in other array configurations. The antenna structure of this example improves coupling between the two-sided antenna components 1 by adding the first slot 19.

[0099] In some exemplary embodiments, two antenna assemblies, as shown in Figure 2, are used, with a spacing of D between the two antenna assemblies set to 30mm. This reduces the spacing between the two antenna assemblies, which helps further improve the coupling effect between the two antenna assemblies. Figure 32 shows the directional pattern of the antenna structure of Figure 1 using a 30mm spacing, while Figure 29 shows the directional pattern of the antenna structure of Figure 1 using a 40mm spacing. As shown in Figures 32 and 29, after antenna pattern simulation, the minimum gain of the antenna structure in this example is increased from 4.3dB to 4.6dB, while the maximum gain is reduced from 11.02dB to 10.66dB, and the non-circularity of the overall directional pattern is further improved by 0.66d. In addition, reducing the spacing between the two antenna assemblies can also effectively reduce the overall volume of the antenna structure, which is more conducive to catering to the trend of miniaturized, high-gain products.

[0100] In some exemplary embodiments, as shown in Figures 19 to 22, the antenna unit includes a square reflector 4, a dielectric plate 6, and a radiating patch 7. The reflector 4, dielectric plate 6, and radiating patch 7 are sequentially connected. The reflector 4, dielectric plate 6, and radiating patch 7 can be assembled as a whole using a PCB process, which is low-cost and easy to manufacture. The dielectric plate 6 and radiating patch 7 are both arranged centered relative to the reflector 4. A metal member 22 can be provided between the radiating patch 7 and the reflector 4. The radiating patch 7 and the reflector 4 can be electrically connected via the metal member 22, which is embedded in the dielectric plate 6. The metal member 22 can be configured as a metal sheet 27, which can be a thin sheet of metal. This metal sheet 27 is also processed into the dielectric plate 6 using printed circuit board technology. The metal sheet 27 is perpendicular to the reflector plate 4 and the radiating patch 7, and is respectively attached to the reflector plate 4 and the radiating patch 7 at both ends in the first direction. The dielectric plate 6 is provided with an embedding slot 23 to accommodate the metal sheet 27. The embedding slot 23 penetrates the dielectric plate 6 in the first direction, and the slot shape and size correspond to the outer contour of the metal sheet 27. The metal member 22 extends along the third direction and is centered relative to the radiating patch 7 in the second direction. One edge of the radiating patch 7 in the third direction is configured as the second edge 15, and both feeding ports 8 are distal to the second edge 15. One end of the metal sheet 27 is flush with the second edge 15, and the other end extends toward the side of the radiating patch 7 having the feeding ports 8. The length of the metal sheet 27 in the third direction can be set to L3, and the side length of the radiation patch 7 is L2, that is, the extension length of the radiation patch 7 in the second direction is set to L2, wherein the ratio of L3 to L2 is between 1:4.8 and 1:4.5. In this example, the provision of the metal part 22 can improve the isolation between the two feeding ports 8 and reduce interference. The metal part 22 is not limited to the metal sheet 27. For example, it can also be replaced by a metallized via (not shown in the figure). There are multiple metallized vias, and the multiple metallized vias are arranged in a straight line along the third direction. Metallized vias are a common processing method in PCB processing technology. A hole is opened in the dielectric board and the hole wall is metallized.

[0101] In some exemplary embodiments, as shown in Figures 23 and 24 , the antenna unit includes a square reflector 4 and a patch mechanism 5. The patch mechanism 5 includes a dielectric plate 6, a radiating patch 7, a parasitic patch 25, and a foam pad 24. The reflector 4, dielectric plate 6, radiating patch 7, parasitic patch 25, and foam pad 24 are sequentially connected. The reflector 4, dielectric plate 6, and radiating patch 7 can be assembled as a single unit using a PCB process, resulting in low cost and ease of fabrication. The dielectric plate 6, radiating patch 7, parasitic patch 25, and foam pad 24 are all centrally positioned relative to the reflector 4. The parasitic patch 25 is located on the side of the radiating patch 7 facing away from the reflector 4. The parasitic patch 25 is parallel to the radiating patch 7 and spaced apart from the radiating patch 7 in a first direction. The foam pad 24 is sandwiched between the parasitic patch 25 and the radiating patch 7. The parasitic patch 25 and the foam pad 24, as well as the radiating patch 7 and the foam pad 24, are connected by adhesive bonding, but this is not limited to this. For example, hexagonal nylon posts can be used for locking and securing. Parasitic patch 25 is a square plate with four perpendicular and equal circumferential edges, two edges arranged along the second direction, and two edges arranged along the third direction. The dimension of parasitic patch 25 in the second direction is set to L7, and the dimension of parasitic patch 25 in the third direction is set to L12, where the value of L7 is equal to the value of L12. Foam pad 24 is a square plate with four perpendicular and equal circumferential edges, two edges arranged along the second direction, and two edges arranged along the third direction. The dimension of foam pad 24 in the second direction is set to L8, and the dimension of parasitic patch 25 in the third direction is set to L13, where the value of L8 is equal to the value of L13. Furthermore, the dimensions of parasitic patch 25 in both the second and third directions are greater than the corresponding lengths of radiating patch 7 in the second and third directions. That is, the values ​​of L7 and L12 shown in Figures 23 and 24 are greater than the values ​​of L2 and L9 of radiating patch 7 shown in Figures 5 and 6. The dimensions of the parasitic patch 25 in the second and third directions are both smaller than the corresponding lengths of the dielectric plate 6 in the second and third directions. Specifically, the values ​​of L7 and L12 shown in Figures 23 and 24 are greater than the values ​​of L5 and L10 of the dielectric plate 6 shown in Figure 23. Furthermore, the dimensions of the foam pad 24 in the second and third directions are both equal to the corresponding lengths of the dielectric plate 6 in the second and third directions. Specifically, the values ​​of L7 and L12 shown in Figures 23 and 24 are equal to the corresponding lengths of the radiating patch 7 in the second and third directions. The geometric centers of the radiating patch 7, parasitic patch 25, and foam pad 24 are aligned along a straight line extending along the first direction, such that the parasitic patch 25 and foam pad 24 are centered relative to the radiating patch 7. The projection of the radiating patch 7 on the first plane is within the projection of the parasitic patch 25 on the first plane, and the projection of the foam pad 24 on the first plane coincides with the projection of the radiating patch 7 on the first plane.Parasitic patch 25 is a copper sheet, and foam pad 24 is a foam material with a thickness of approximately 18 mm to 32 mm. The dielectric constant of foam pad 24 is close to that of air, making it an ideal material for simulating air. The antenna structure in this example adds parasitic patch 25 and foam pad 24, creating new resonance points and effectively increasing bandwidth.

[0102] In some exemplary embodiments, as shown in Figures 25 and 26, a reflective sheet 26 is provided perpendicular to the reflective plate 4. The reflective sheet 26 and the reflective plate 4 are integrally formed, and the reflective plate 4 is formed by bending the reflective sheet 26. The edge of the reflective plate 4 distal from the connector 3 is defined as a third edge 11. One end of the reflective sheet 26 is connected to the third edge 11, and the other end extends away from the reflective plate 4. The reflective sheet 26 may be perpendicular to the reflective plate 4. The length of the reflective sheet 26 may be configured to coincide with the extended length of the third edge 11 for ease of processing. The length of the reflective sheet 26 is configured to be L16, and the extended length of the third edge 11 coincides with the dimension L11 of the reflective sheet 26 in the third direction, where L16 is equal to L11. The distance between the end of the reflective sheet 26 distal from the reflective plate 4 and the reflective plate 4 is configured to be H, where 10 mm < H < 15 mm. The antenna structure of this example is provided with a reflector 26, which can concentrate beam reflection so that some of the escaped energy is reflected back to the main direction through the reflector 26, forming a beam superposition effect, thereby increasing the gain and improving the antenna performance without increasing the antenna cross-section.

[0103] In some exemplary embodiments, as shown in FIG. 27 , a reflective sheet 26 is provided perpendicular to the reflective plate 4. The reflective sheet 26 and the reflective plate 4 are integrally formed, and the reflective plate 4 is formed by bending the reflective sheet 26. The reflective plate 4 has a third edge 11. One end of the reflective sheet 26 is connected to the third edge 11, and the other end extends away from the reflective plate 4. The reflective sheet 26 may be perpendicular to the reflective plate 4. The length of the reflective sheet 26 may be configured to be inconsistent with the extension length of the third edge 11. The length of the reflective sheet 26 is configured to be L16. The extension length of the third edge 11 is consistent with the dimension L11 of the reflective sheet 26 in the third direction, where L16 is smaller than L11. The reflective sheet 26 is centered on the reflective plate 4 in the third direction. The distance between the end of the reflective sheet 26 away from the reflective plate 4 and the reflective plate 4 is configured to be H, where 10 mm < H < 15 mm. The antenna structure of this example is provided with a reflector 26, which can concentrate beam reflection so that some of the escaped energy is reflected back to the main direction through the reflector 26, forming a beam superposition effect, thereby increasing the gain and improving the antenna performance without increasing the antenna cross-section.

[0104] In some exemplary embodiments, as shown in FIG. 28 , a reflective sheet 26 is provided perpendicular to the reflective plate 4. The reflective sheet 26 and the reflective plate 4 are integrally formed, and the reflective plate 4 is formed by bending the reflective sheet 26. The reflective plate 4 has a third edge 11. One end of the reflective sheet 26 is connected to the third edge 11, and the other end extends away from the reflective plate 4. The reflective sheet 26 may be perpendicular to the reflective plate 4. The length of the reflective sheet 26 may be configured to be inconsistent with the extension length of the third edge 11. The length of the reflective sheet 26 is configured to be L16, and the extension length of the third edge 11 is consistent with the dimension L11 of the reflective sheet 26 in the third direction. L16 is greater than L11, so that the reflective sheet 26 protrudes from the reflective plate 4 at both ends in the third direction and is centered on the reflective plate 4 in the third direction. The distance between the end of the reflective sheet 26 away from the reflective plate 4 and the reflective plate 4 is configured to be H, where 10 mm < H < 15 mm. The antenna structure of this example is provided with a reflector 26, which can concentrate beam reflection so that some of the escaped energy is reflected back to the main direction through the reflector 26, forming a beam superposition effect, thereby increasing the gain and improving the antenna performance without increasing the antenna cross-section.

[0105] In some exemplary embodiments, a communication system includes the aforementioned antenna structure. The communication system may be a base station or other device. In particular, display devices, such as mobile phones, tablet computers, televisions, monitors, laptop computers, digital photo frames, navigation systems, and any other product or component with a display function, can transmit or receive signals via the antenna structure.

[0106] Combined with the above embodiments, the antenna structure can achieve omnidirectional coverage with only two antenna components 1, and the minimum gain can reach 4dB. Compared with the related dual-polarization omnidirectional antenna, it has a smaller volume and simpler structure while ensuring performance. The windward area of ​​the antenna structure is small, much smaller than the standard area of ​​0.8m 2, reducing the impact of the natural environment. The antenna structure is manufactured using printed circuit board technology, which is low-cost and easy to manufacture, and has a low profile, which can effectively reduce the overall thickness of the antenna. The antenna structure is provided with a reflector 26, which can concentrate the beam reflection, so that some of the escaped energy is reflected back to the main direction through the reflector 26, forming a beam superposition effect, thereby improving the gain, and improving the antenna performance without increasing the antenna cross-section. On the basis of the radiation patch and the dielectric plate, the antenna structure adds a parasitic patch 25 and a foam pad 24, which can add new resonance points, thereby effectively increasing the bandwidth. The distance between the two antenna components of the antenna structure can be reduced to 10mm. The small spacing between the two antenna components can also effectively reduce the overall volume of the antenna structure, which is more conducive to meeting the trend of miniaturized high-gain products. The antenna structure can improve the coupling between the two-sided antenna components 1 by adding a through first slot 19 on the connecting plate. This antenna structure changes the current distribution on the antenna by opening a second slot 16 on the radiation patch. The increase in the current path length causes the antenna to produce a resonance point with a lower resonance frequency than the antenna structure shown in Figure 1, thereby expanding the antenna bandwidth.

[0107] The above-described embodiments merely represent several embodiments of the present disclosure, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed. However, the contents described are merely embodiments adopted to facilitate understanding of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. Any person skilled in the art of the present disclosure may make any modifications and changes in the form and details of the implementation without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. However, the scope of patent protection of the present disclosure shall still be defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An antenna structure, wherein: The antenna components include two antenna components spaced apart in a first direction, the two antenna components are symmetrically arranged about a first plane between the two antenna components, and the first direction is perpendicular to the first plane; The antenna assembly includes at least two antenna units arranged at intervals, and the antenna unit includes a reflector and a patch mechanism connected to each other. The patch mechanism is located on a side of the reflector facing away from the first plane.

2. The antenna structure according to claim 1, wherein: The antenna assembly further comprises a connecting member, and the reflection plates of two adjacent antenna units are arranged to be connected via the connecting member, and the two adjacent antenna units are arranged to be symmetrically arranged with respect to the connecting member.

3. The antenna structure according to claim 2, wherein: The reflection plates of at least two of the antenna units are both located in the second plane and are arranged at intervals, the connecting member is arranged in a plate shape and is located in the second plane, and the second plane is parallel to the first plane.

4. The antenna structure according to claim 3, wherein: The connecting member is configured to be an integral piece with the reflection plates of two adjacent antenna units, and the thickness of the connecting member is consistent with the thickness of the reflection plates.

5. The antenna structure according to claim 3, wherein: The connecting member is provided with a first slot, the first slot is arranged to penetrate the connecting member in the first direction, and the first slot is centrally arranged on the connecting member.

6. The antenna structure according to claim 5, wherein: The first slots include a plurality of first transverse slots and a plurality of first vertical slots, the plurality of first transverse slots are parallel to each other and are arranged at equal intervals along the second direction, the plurality of first vertical slots are parallel to each other and are arranged at equal intervals along the third direction, the plurality of first transverse slots and the plurality of first vertical slots are crossed to form a network, and the first direction, the second direction and the third direction are arranged to be perpendicular to each other.

7. The antenna structure according to claim 3, wherein: There are two antenna units, the two antenna units are spaced apart in the second direction, and reflection sheets perpendicular to the reflection sheets are provided on the reflection plates of the two antenna units, and the reflection sheets and the reflection plates are provided as an integral part; The edge of the reflective plate away from the connecting member in the second direction is set as a third edge, one end of the reflective sheet is connected to the third edge, and the other end extends away from the first plane, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

8. The antenna structure according to claim 7, wherein: The length of the reflection sheet is set to be consistent with the extension length of the third edge, and the distance between the end of the reflection sheet away from the reflection plate and the reflection plate is set to H, wherein 10 mm<H<15 mm.

9. The antenna structure according to claim 3, wherein: The patch mechanism comprises a dielectric plate and a radiation patch, wherein the radiation patch is arranged parallel to the reflector plate and spaced apart from the reflector plate in the first direction, the dielectric plate is sandwiched between the radiation patch and the reflector plate, and the dielectric plate and the radiation patch are arranged centered relative to the reflector plate; The radiation patch has two feeding ports which are rotationally symmetric by 90° about the geometric center of the radiation patch.

10. The antenna structure according to claim 9, wherein: The projection of the dielectric plate on the first plane is set to be within the projection of the reflector on the first plane, and the projection of the radiation patch on the first plane is within the projection of the dielectric plate on the first plane.

11. The antenna structure according to claim 9, wherein: The reflecting plate, the dielectric plate and the radiation patch are all set as plate-like structures; the edges of the connecting member at both ends of the second direction are set as first edges, the first edge is set to be connected to the reflecting plate, and the extension length of the first edge is set to be equal to or less than the extension length of the edge of the reflecting plate close to the connecting member.

12. The antenna structure according to claim 11, wherein: The radiation patch is provided with a second slot, which is centrally arranged on the radiation patch and passes through the radiation patch.

13. The antenna structure according to claim 12, wherein: The second slot is configured as a cross-shaped slot, and the cross-shaped slot includes a second transverse slot and a second vertical slot intersecting each other.

14. The antenna structure according to claim 13, wherein: The groove widths of the second transverse groove and the second vertical groove are both set to 1 mm to 2 mm, the groove lengths of the second transverse groove and the second vertical groove are both L1, the second transverse groove or the second vertical groove is set to extend along the second direction, and the extension length of the radiation patch in the second direction is set to L2, wherein L1:L2=1:2, and the second direction is set to be perpendicular to the first direction.

15. The antenna structure according to claim 9, wherein: A metal piece is provided between the radiation patch and the reflection plate, the radiation patch and the reflection plate are configured to be electrically connected through the metal piece, and the metal piece is embedded in the dielectric plate.

16. The antenna structure according to claim 15, wherein: The metal piece is configured as a metal sheet, the metal sheet is perpendicular to the reflector plate and the radiation patch and is respectively attached to the reflector plate and the radiation patch at both ends in the first direction, and the dielectric plate is provided with an embedding groove for accommodating the metal sheet; An edge of the radiation patch in the third direction is set as the second edge, the two feeding ports are set to be away from the second edge, the metal sheet extends along the third direction, the metal sheet is set to be centered relative to the radiation patch in the second direction, one end of the metal sheet is flush with the second edge, and the first direction, the second direction and the third direction are set to be perpendicular to each other.

17. The antenna structure according to claim 9, wherein: The patch mechanism also includes a parasitic patch and a foam pad, wherein the parasitic patch is located on the side of the radiation patch facing away from the reflector, the parasitic patch is parallel to the radiation patch and is spaced apart from the radiation patch in the first direction, and the foam pad is sandwiched between the parasitic patch and the radiation patch.

18. The antenna structure according to claim 17, wherein: The parasitic patch and the foam pad are both configured in a square plate shape; The projection of the radiation patch on the first plane is located within the projection range of the parasitic patch on the first plane; The projection of the foam pad on the first plane is consistent with the projection of the radiation patch on the first plane.

19. The antenna structure according to claim 9, wherein: The feeding ports are coaxial feeding ports, and the phase difference between the two feeding ports is 180°.

20. The antenna structure according to claim 9, wherein: One end of the feeding port passes through the radiation patch and is welded to the radiation patch at the end surface of the radiation patch facing away from the reflection plate, and the other end passes through the reflection plate.

21. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein: The distance between two adjacent antenna components is set to 10 mm to 50 mm.

22. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 2 to 20, wherein: In one of the antenna assemblies, the total projection area of ​​the connector and the reflector of the antenna unit on the first plane is set to 0.1 m 2 To 0.15m 2 .

23. A communication system, wherein: Comprising the antenna structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 22.

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