Multi-flight staircase

Abstract

The invention relates to staircase structures. The present staircase consists of flights of stairs connected by a landing. A flight consists of a frame and a step fastened to said frame by a mounting bracket assembly that consists of a mounting part and a pivoting part, each part being comprised of a base and a side wall perpendicular to said base. The bases of said parts are provided with mounting holes. The side wall of the pivoting part has an arcuate through-groove. The mounting and pivoting parts are connected by the side walls thereof with the aid of fastening elements. The arcuate groove has a length that permits the planes of the bases of the parts to be positioned at an angle in a range of 25-90°. The side wall of one of the parts is provided with an additional through-hole. The invention makes it possible to expand the available assortment of staircases and to provide a wide range of adjustment of the angle of incline of the steps thereof, as well as sufficiently secure fastening of the steps.

Description

[0001] Multi-flight staircase

[0002] Field of technology to which the invention relates

[0003] The invention relates to staircase designs and can be used in construction and everyday life.

[0004] State of the art

[0005] The prior art discloses staircases, including multi-flight staircases, having a frame to which the steps are attached, fastening elements for a single-flight staircase at the top and bottom, and the ability to adjust the position of the staircase steps, which could compensate for the angle of the frame relative to the horizon (see, for example, CN 108797908 A, published on 13.11.2018, CN 205637383 U, published on 12.10.2016). However, these technical solutions have common drawbacks, such as the complexity of the design, a small range of adjustment of the step angle, and insufficient reliability of fixing the required step position.

[0006] Also known from the prior art is a staircase comprising a supporting frame, steps mounted thereon with the ability to adjust the position, which compensates for the angle of the frame relative to the horizon (see RU 206911 Ш, published 09 / 30 / 2021). The steps are attached to the frame by means of mounting brackets. Each mounting bracket contains a supporting and a rotating paw connected to each other, each of which consists of a base and a side wall. The side wall of the rotating paw contains an arcuate groove. The side parts of the supporting and rotating paws are connected to each other by means of a bolted connection through through holes in them and the arcuate groove. The axial lines drawn through the ends of the arcuate groove and the center of the through hole in the side wall of the rotating paw form an angle in the range of 55-65 °. The required position is fixed by tightening the bolted connection in the arcuate groove. This technical solution is adopted as a prototype.

[0007] The disadvantages of the prototype are the insufficient range of adjustment of the angle of the steps of the stairs and the insufficient reliability of fixing the required position of the steps.

[0008] The technical task of the invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing level of technology.

[0009] In solving the technical problem, the invention achieves a technical result consisting in expanding the arsenal of multi-flight staircases, allowing for a wide range of adjustment of the angle of inclination of the steps and sufficient reliability of fixing the required position of the steps.

[0010] Disclosure of the essence of the invention

[0011] The invention is a multi-flight staircase consisting of at least two flights of stairs connected by at least one landing, wherein each of the flights of stairs consists of a frame and at least one step secured to this frame by means of at least one assembly of a mounting bracket consisting of a mounting and a rotating paw, each of which is made of a base and a side wall perpendicular to it, the bases of the paws contain at least one mounting hole by means of which the mounting paw is secured to the frame, and the rotating paw is secured to the step, wherein a through arc-shaped groove is made on the side wall of the rotating paw, and the mounting and rotating paws are connected by side walls by means of two fastening elements, the first of which is the axis of rotation of the paws, and the second is secured in the side wall of the mounting paw with the possibility of sliding along the arc-shaped groove of the rotating paw, characterized in thatthat the arcuate slot is made with a length that allows the planes of the bases of the paws to be positioned at an angle in the range of 25-90°, and the side wall of one of the paws contains an additional through hole.,

[0012] The fasteners may be a bolted connection, a screwed connection, a riveted connection, studs, pins, or combinations thereof in each of the at least one mounting bracket.

[0013] An additional through hole in the side wall of one of the legs may be made with the possibility of drilling a corresponding hole in the side wall of the second leg and arranging an additional fastening element in these holes, or an additional through hole in the side wall of one of the legs may be made with the possibility of screwing a self-tapping screw through it into the side surface of the second leg.

[0014] The frame of each flight of stairs can be made of at least one stringer.

[0015] The connecting platform can be made in the form of two half-platforms located at different heights, or in the form of winder steps. Brief description of accompanying figures

[0016] The essence of the invention can be further explained by non-limiting examples reflected in the accompanying figures 1-7, where: Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a mounting bracket unit; Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a rotating foot; Fig. 3 are non-limiting examples of flights of stairs with different angles of inclination: a) 25 degrees, b) 45 degrees, c) 60 degrees, d) 90 degrees; Fig. 4 is a non-limiting example of a multi-flight staircase consisting of two flights with a connecting landing made of two half-landings located at different heights; Fig. 5 is a non-limiting example of a multi-flight staircase with a connecting landing made in the form of winder steps; Fig. 6 is a non-limiting example of a multi-flight staircase with two flights of the first level, two flights of the second level and a connecting landing in the form of two half-landings located at different heights; Fig. 7 - a non-limiting example of a specific application of the invention at an industrial facility.

[0017] Implementation of the invention

[0018] The invention is a multi-flight staircase consisting of at least two flights of stairs (the number of flights can be any depending on the specific project in the range from 2 to 10, most often 2).

[0019] The flights of stairs are connected by at least one landing. There may be any number of landings, which also depends on the specific project, and usually ranges from 1 to 10. The connecting landing may also be made in the form of two half-landings located at different heights (hi and 112 in Fig. 6), adjustable, for example, by posts. In addition, the connecting landing may be made in the form of winder steps (Fig. 5).

[0020] In this case, each flight of stairs consists of a frame and at least one step fixed to this frame. The number of steps depends on the specific application of the single-flight staircase and the user's needs. Thus, their number can vary from 1 to 20, usually no more than 18. If a larger number of steps is required, as a rule, they switch to a multi-flight staircase design with an intermediate landing and / or winder steps.

[0021] Each step is attached to the frame by means of at least one assembly bracket unit. The number of such assembly bracket units may vary from 1 to 4 depending on the design of a specific frame, the width of the stairs and the maximum load on the step. Thus, the following can be given as non-limiting examples. The frame is made of one stringer (in the context of the invention, a stringer is understood to be a supporting element or core of the stairway, an inclined beam thrown between the landings of the stairs or between the floors of different floors of the building), the step is made 50 cm long (the width of the stairs), the estimated maximum load on the step is 180 kg, the step is attached to the stringer by one assembly bracket unit.The frame is made of two stringers, the width of the stairs is 1.2 m, the estimated maximum load per step is 320 kg, the step is attached to each stringer with one mounting bracket unit, i.e. each step is attached to the frame using two mounting brackets.

[0022] Each mounting bracket assembly consists of a mounting paw "1" and a pivot paw "2". Each paw "1" and "2" consists of a base "3" and a perpendicular side wall "4".

[0023] The bases "3" of the legs "1" and "2" contain at least one mounting hole "5" by means of which the mounting leg "1" is attached to the frame, and the rotary "2" - to the step. There may be more than one mounting hole, for example, two, three, four, five or more. The mounting holes "5" may have different shapes, for example, round, square, rectangular, oval or any other, may be located on one or different lines on the plane of the base "3", in rows or in any other way.

[0024] On the side wall “4” of the rotary paw “2” there is a through arc-shaped groove “6”.

[0025] The mounting “1” and rotary “2” paws are connected by side walls “4” by means of two fastening elements “7” and “8”, the first of which (7) is secured in openings “10” of paws “1” and “2”, is their axis of rotation relative to each other, and the second (8) is secured in the side wall “4” of the mounting paw “1” with the possibility of sliding along the arcuate groove “6” of the rotary paw “2”.

[0026] In this case, each at least one mounting bracket additionally comprises a third fastening element "9" connecting the side walls "4" of the legs "1" and "2" between the first "7" and second "8" fastening elements. The fastening element "9" is installed during the installation of a single-flight staircase, for example, as follows. The side wall "4" of one of the legs (1 or 2) contains a pre-drilled additional through hole. This hole in one of the legs allows for sufficient reliability of fixation of the required position of the step during installation. When the angle of the planes of the bases "3" of the legs "1" and "2" is not in the extreme positions, then additional fixation of the legs "1" and "2" relative to each other is necessary.In this case, after setting the required angle, a corresponding hole is drilled in the side wall "4" of the second leg "2" or "1" through a through hole made in advance in the side wall "4" of one of the legs "1" or "2", respectively, and an additional fastening element is placed in these holes. Or an additional through hole in the side wall "4" of one of the legs "1" or "2" is made with the possibility of screwing a self-tapping screw through it into the side surface of the second leg. Such a design ensures guaranteed reliable fixation of the required position of the step.

[0027] In the context of the invention, the fastening elements "7", "8" and "9" may be a bolted connection, a screwed connection, a riveted connection, studs, pins or combinations thereof, for example, the fastening element "7" is a riveted connection, the element "8" is a pin, and the element "9" is a bolted connection, or any other possible combination of the listed elements in each of at least one mounting bracket.

[0028] The paws can be made of any material that provides the required characteristics, for example, steel, aluminum or other alloys.

[0029] The arc-shaped slot "6" is made with a length that allows the planes of the bases "3" of the legs "1" and "2" to be positioned at an angle in the range of 25-90°. It is this length of the slot 6 that allows for a wide range of adjustment of the angle of the step fixed to the plane of the base "3" of the rotary leg "2". An angle of less than 25° is impractical due to the small angle to the horizon, and more than 90° is impractical, since the stringer to which the mounting leg is fixed will be overturned.

[0030] The frame of each flight of stairs is made of at least one stringer. The number of stringers may vary depending on the project. Thus, their number may vary from 1 to 4, most preferably 1-2.

[0031] In this case, each of at least one stringer may additionally have fastening units in the upper and / or lower part.

[0032] As a non-limiting example, the fastening unit at the top may be a mounting swivel loop and at the bottom a saddle swivel flange.

[0033] And each of at least one stringer can be made, for example, from a metal profile with a channel, for example, a square pipe, a profile pipe, a perforated metal profile with a channel, etc. Other options for making stringers are possible, for example, a channel, an I-beam, an angle, various prefabricated and / or combined structures that do not contradict the idea of ​​the invention.

[0034] A non-limiting example of the use of the invention is given below.

[0035] The supporting frame of the ladder had at least two mounting brackets, located in pairs mirroring each other (right and left). The mounting brackets had interconnected supporting and rotating legs, each of which consisted of a base and a side wall, made with the possibility of rotation relative to the horizontal axis of the bracket.

[0036] The base of the mounting bracket's pivoting paw, equipped with an eye no less than 20+2 mm long, directed away from the stringer, was connected to the supporting frame with a bolted connection.

[0037] The through hole in the side wall of the supporting paw was fastened coaxially to the arc-shaped slot of the pivoting paw during installation of the mounting brackets using a bolt, nut, lock washer and washer. The supporting and pivoting paws were additionally connected using a locking element passing through the through holes of the pivoting paws and the through holes of the supporting paws. According to one version, an additional through hole in the pivoting paws was formed during installation of the ladder using self-tapping screws passing through the additional through holes of the supporting paw. In another version, an additional through hole was drilled in the pivoting paw through the hole in the supporting paw, and then cotter pins were installed in these through holes with tension. The through hole in the side wall of the supporting paw was fastened coaxially to the through hole of the pivoting paw using a bolt and nut, providing an axis of mutual rotation of the paws relative to each other.

[0038] To install the bases of the steps parallel to the horizon for flights of stairs with different angles of inclination from 25 to 90 degrees relative to the horizon, we used rotary feet with C-shaped side walls and a height of 84+2 mm.

[0039] The mounting brackets of the stair treads were installed on the supporting frame using quick-mount bolts and nuts. After adjustment and tightening the bolt with a force of 40 N, the mounting brackets provided a maximum recommended lateral load of 2000-3000 N per mounting point on the stair tread.

[0040] Multi-flight stairs are supplied in sets.

[0041] The set includes several flights of stairs with at least one landing. This set was used in the construction of multi-storey cottages according to individual projects, which allowed for the effective use of living space due to the rotation of the flights of stairs in space at different angles from 15 to 360 degrees.

[0042] The 1st level set, consisting of a flight of stairs with one or more landings, was successively joined with sets of the 2nd and subsequent levels. In this case, no more than 3 flights of stairs of the 2nd level were simultaneously joined to the landing of the 1st level stairs (Fig. 6).

[0043] The platforms between flights of stairs can be made in the form of a segment for turning the flights of stairs of subsequent levels at angles from 15 to 360 degrees in the horizontal plane in relation to the original flight of stairs, depending on the relief of the rough terrain (ravines, railway and road embankments and crossings), as well as the location of industrial facilities on it (tanks, large-diameter pipes, storage facilities).

[0044] Each flight of stairs of a multi-flight staircase can be installed at its own angle of inclination to the horizon, while the design of the mounting bracket allows the steps to be installed parallel to the horizontal, and the height of the 1st step of each flight of stairs can be set at the same height in the range from 130 to 300 mm regulated by standards for convenient ascent, but this distance is not limited, it can be made larger, if necessary.

[0045] Several flights of stairs of different lengths can be attached to a platform of one level, depending on the height of hard-to-reach areas of rough terrain, which allows these areas to be combined into a single workspace with convenient movement along them.

[0046] The technical task of optimally calculating the number of steps in flights of stairs depending on the angle of inclination and the length of their supporting frames can be carried out using a computer. The software includes a set of modules for calculating technical data for flights of stairs and landings, calculating the exact dimensions of blanks for installation according to the user's specified parameters, as well as calculating materials and the cost of kits for the user.

[0047] On the computer, the assembly of multi-flight staircase kits is carried out sequentially, calculating the angles of inclination of the supporting frames of the flights to the horizontal, the angles of their rotation to the vertical depending on the landscape of the rugged terrain or the location of industrial facilities. The program calculates the number of steps depending on the length of the frames of the flights, the shape of the steps and platforms. A specific example of production. A two-flight staircase with an L-shaped wooden cladding was made for use inside the house according to an individual project. Both flights are 4.1 m long supporting frame, 2.64 m high, located to the horizon at an angle of 36 degrees. To manufacture the stairs, the program calculated 14 steps, the number of consumables and fasteners included in its kit 25. Between the flights of the 1st level and the 2nd level, two half-landings with a total area of ​​3.1 m were made 2. The second flight of stairs is turned relative to the first at an angle of 180 degrees. The price of the entire set of two-flight stairs with landings was 57,142 rubles.

[0048] The proposed design of a multi-flight staircase allows for an expansion of the arsenal of such means, allowing for a wide range of adjustment of the angle of inclination of the steps and sufficient reliability of fixing the required position of the steps.

[0049] A search of publicly available sources of information showed that the entire set of features of the proposed invention is not known or clearly evident from the state of the art, and therefore the invention meets the patentability conditions of “novelty” and “inventive step”.

[0050] The claimed invention consists of materials and elements that are standard for this field of technology and are interconnected in a certain way, i.e. it can be used in industry, which is why the invention meets the patentability requirement of “industrial applicability”.

[0051] It should be understood that after a specialist has reviewed the above description with an example of the implementation of the proposed invention, other changes, modifications and implementation options of the invention will become obvious to him. Thus, all such changes, modifications and implementation options, as well as other areas of application that do not differ from the essence of the present invention, should be considered protected by the present invention within the scope of the attached formula.

Claims

Invention formula 1. A multi-flight staircase consisting of at least two flights of stairs connected by at least one landing, wherein each of the flights of stairs consists of a frame and at least one step secured to this frame by means of at least one assembly of a mounting bracket consisting of a mounting foot and a rotating foot, each of which is made of a base and a side wall perpendicular to it, the bases of the feet contain at least one mounting hole by means of which the mounting foot is secured to the frame, and the rotating foot is secured to the step, wherein a through arcuate groove is made on the side wall of the rotating foot, and the mounting and rotating feet are connected by side walls by means of two fastening elements, the first of which is the axis of rotation of the feet, and the second is secured in the side wall of the mounting foot with the possibility of sliding along the arcuate groove of the rotating foot, characterized in that the arcuate slot is made with a lengthallowing the planes of the paw bases to be positioned at an angle in the range of 25-90°, and the side wall of one of the paws contains an additional through hole.

2. A multi-flight staircase according to claim 1, characterized in that the fastening elements are a bolted connection, a screw connection, a riveted connection, studs, pins or combinations thereof as part of each of at least one mounting bracket.

3. A multi-flight staircase according to item 2, characterized in that the additional through hole in the side wall of one of the legs is made with the possibility of drilling a corresponding hole in the side wall of the second leg and placing an additional fastening element in these holes, or the additional through hole in the side wall of one of the legs is made with the possibility of screwing a self-tapping screw through it into the side surface of the second leg.

4. A multi-flight staircase according to paragraph 3, characterized in that the frame of each flight of stairs is made of at least one stringer.

5. A multi-flight staircase according to any of paragraphs 1-4, characterized in that the connecting platform is made in the form of two half-landings located at different heights.

6. A multi-flight staircase according to any of paragraphs 1-4, characterized in that the connecting platform is made in the form of winder steps.

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