Methods and apparatus of general framework for data collection without ran awareness
The general framework for data collection without RAN awareness addresses the impracticality of UE-side data collection by enabling data collection and delivery to a neutral site, overcoming limitations in training environments and facilitating effective model training.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/111753
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-08-08
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-13
AI Technical Summary
Existing data collection methods for offline model training in wireless networks, such as those in 5G NR, are impractical due to the lack of suitable training environments on User Equipment (UE) sides, including limited data availability, storage capacity, computational capacity, and compilation capabilities.
A general framework for data collection without RAN awareness, which includes procedures such as data collection triggering, configuration reception, measurement, and data delivery, allowing data to be collected and delivered to a neutral site or UE-side without involving the Radio Access Network (RAN).
This framework enables efficient data collection for offline model training, overcoming the limitations of UE-side training environments by allowing data to be collected and processed without RAN involvement, thereby facilitating effective model training and generalization.
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Figure CN2023111753_13022025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS AND APPARATUS OF GENERAL FRAMEWORK FOR DATA COLLECTION WITHOUT RAN AWARENESSFIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems, and more particularly, the method of general framework for data collection without RAN awareness.BACKGROUND
[0002] Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Leaning (ML) have been widely used in wireless networks to improve performance, user experience, and reduce complexity / overhead. In the conventional network of the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) 5G new radio (NR) , by leveraging AI / ML technology to address challenges due to the increased complexity of foreseen deployments over the air interface, both for the network and UEs. Data collection is a crucial step in AI / ML Life cycle management (LCM) , which provides the foundation for creating effective and accurate models.
[0003] In wireless AI technology, offline training is the most feasible option and serves as the foundation for wireless AI. Regarding User Equipment (UE) -sided models, the training can take place on the UE-side or a neutral site. However, it is not practical to perform UE-sided model training within the UE due to the lack of a suitable training environment. This includes but is not limited to data availability, storage capacity, computational capacity, and compilation capabilities. For effective offline model training, the data collection solution should be designed to "reach" the UE-side or a neutral site (e.g., Over The Top) . And a large amount of non-standardized / proprietary data should be collected that can be tailored to various UE internal / external conditions and design choices (e.g., UE resource constraints, radio environment, feature engineering) . Besides, the collected data should be sufficient for well model generalize.
[0004] In this invention, apparatus and mechanisms are sought for a method for general framework for Data collection without RAN awareness.SUMMARY
[0005] The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
[0006] In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a UE.
[0007] For offline model training at the UE-sided and neutral site, consider a method of general framework for Data collection without RAN awareness. The general framework may include the procedure of data collection triggering, data collection configuration receiving, measurement, and data delivery. In one embodiment, data collection triggering from the OTT server.
[0008] In one embodiment, the OTT server sends the data collection request / triggering to UE through the application layer without NW involvement. In one embodiment, the OTT server sends the data collection request / triggering to UE through the application layer with network node / entity / function (e.g., DCAF (Data Collection Application Function) , CN, OAM, etc. ) involvement. In one embodiment, UE receives the data collection request from NW. In one embodiment, the RAN node sends the data collection configuration to UE. In one embodiment, UE performs measurement based on data collection configuration from the RAN node. In one embodiment, UE delivers collected data to the OTT server through the data delivery tunnel. In one embodiment, the data delivery tunnel is set up between the OTT server and UE. In one embodiment, the data delivery tunnel is set up between the OTT server and the NW.In one embodiment, the data delivery tunnel is a UP tunnel. In one embodiment, the NW provides assistance information to OTT server. In one embodiment, the assistance information may include use case / functionality the data used for, the scenario information (location) , RAN configuration information for the data, etc.
[0009] To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or more aspects comprise the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative features of the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspects may be employed, and this description is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] Figure 1 illustrates a schematic system diagram illustrating an exemplary wireless network in accordance with embodiments of the current invention.
[0011] Figure 2 illustrates an exemplary process of the data collection to the OTT server without RAN awareness in accordance with embodiments of the current invention.
[0012] Figure 3 illustrates an exemplary flow of data collection triggering from the OTT server to UE without a network node / entity / function (e.g., DCAF, CN, OAM, etc. ) involvement in accordance with embodiments of the current invention.
[0013] Figure 4 illustrates an exemplary process of data collection triggering from the OTT server to the network node / entity / function (e.g., DCAF, CN, OAM, etc. ) in accordance with embodiments of the current invention.
[0014] Figure 5 illustrates an exemplary flow of data collection without RAN awareness triggering from the OTT server to the network node / entity / function (e.g., DCAF, CN, OAM, etc. ) , and from the OTT server to UE in accordance with embodiments of the current invention.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0015] The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of various configurations and is not intended to represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts.
[0016] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methods will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as “elements” ) . These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0017] Aspects of the present disclosure provide methods, apparatus, processing systems, and computer-readable mediums for NR (new radio access technology, or 5G technology) , 6G or other radio access technology. NR may support various wireless communication services. These services may have different quality of service (QoS) requirements e.g. latency and reliability requirements.
[0018] Figure 1 illustrates a schematic system diagram illustrating an exemplary wireless network in accordance with embodiments of the current invention. Wireless system includes one or more fixed base infrastructure units forming a network distributed over a geographical region. The base unit may also be referred to as an access point, an access terminal, a base station, a Node-B, an eNode-B, a gNB, or by other terminology used in the art. As an example, base stations serve a number of mobile stations within a serving area, for example, a cell, or within a cell sector. In some systems, one or more base stations are coupled to a controller forming an access network that is coupled to one or more core networks. gNB 1 and gNB 2 are base stations in NR, the serving area of which may or may not overlap with each other. As an example, UE1 or mobile station is only in the service area of gNB 1 and connected with gNB1. UE1 is connected with gNB1 only, gNB2 is connected with gNB 1 and 3 via Xn interface. UE2 is in the overlapping service area of gNB1 and gNB2.
[0019] Figure 1 further illustrates simplified block diagrams for UE2 and gNB2, respectively. UE has an antenna, which transmits and receives radio signals. A RF transceiver, coupled with the antenna, receives RF signals from antenna, converts them to baseband signal, and sends them to processor. A application layer, which receives and transmits the signaling and data in application layer between UE and OTT server. In one embodiment, the RF transceiver may comprise two RF modules (not shown) . A first RF module is used for transmitting and receiving on one frequency band, and the other RF module is used for different frequency bands transmitting and receiving which is different from the first transmitting and receiving. RF transceiver also converts received baseband signals from processor, converts them to RF signals, and sends out to antenna. Processor processes the received baseband signals and invokes different functional modules to perform features in UE. Memory stores program instructions and data to control the operations of mobile station. UE also includes multiple function modules that carry out different tasks in accordance with embodiments of the current invention. A application layer, which receives and transmits the signaling and data in application layer between UE and OTT server.
[0020] A RRC config controller, which controls the RRC message transit / receive between UE and gNB.
[0021] A state controller, which controls UE RRC state according to network’s command and UE conditions. RRC supports the following states, RRC_IDLE, RRC_CONNECTED and RRC_INACTIVE.
[0022] A DRB controller, which controls to establish / add, reconfigure / modify and release / remove a DRB based on different sets of conditions for DRB establishment, reconfiguration and release.
[0023] A protocol stack controller, which manage to add, modify or remove the protocol stack for the DRB. The protocol Stack includes SDAP, PDCP, RLC, MAC and PHY layers.
[0024] A Data collection controller, which controls the data collection behavior, including UE measurement procedure, the storage of the collected data, the report / delivery of the collection data.
[0025] A assistance information controller, which may control to receive the assistance information from RAN, and deliver the assistance information to OTT server.
[0026] Similarly, gNB2 has an antenna, which transmits and receives radio signals. A RF transceiver, coupled with the antenna, receives RF signals from antenna, converts them to baseband signals, and sends them to processor. RF transceiver also converts received baseband signals from processor, converts them to RF signals, and sends out to antenna. Processor processes the received baseband signals and invokes different functional modules to perform features in gNB2. Memory stores program instructions and data to control the operations of gNB2.
[0027] Figure 1 further illustrates simplified block diagrams for OTT server. In one example, the OTT server is an UE-sided OTT server. In another example, the OTT server is a network-sided OTT server or a neutral site OTT server. The OTT server may have functional blocks that are similar to those of UE and gNB, which are used to interface with UE and gNB and handle the transmission and reception of control signaling, collected data and assistance information. The OTT server may include a data collection controller and an assistance information controller, which interface with equivalent functional blocks on the UE side or the network side. In one embodiment, the network node / entity / function (e.g., DCAF, CN, OAM, etc. ) performs authorization check and determine whether data collection and data delivery to the OTT server is allowed or not. In one embodiment, the network node / entity / function (e.g., DCAF, CN, OAM, etc. ) also determines what types of data are allowed to be collected and delivered to the OTT server.
[0028] In accordance with embodiments of the current invention, Data collection is a process of collecting data by the network nodes, management entity, UE-sided server, or neutral server for the purpose of AI / ML model training, data analytics, and inference. Data collection allows data to reach the UE-side or the neutral site (i.e., over the top) , and collect sufficient data for model generalization. Data collection Collect non-standardized / proprietary data for various models tailored to UE internal / external conditions and design choices (e.g., UE resource constraints, radio environment, feature engineering) .
[0029] Figure 2 illustrates an exemplary process of the data collection to the OTT server without RAN awareness in accordance with embodiments of the current invention. In one embodiment, the data flow from UE to the OTT server. In one embodiment, the data is delivery from UE to a network entity / function in CN, which forwards the data to the OTT server. In one embodiment, the data delivery tunnel is the UP tunnel. In another embodiment, the data delivery tunnel from the UE to the network entity / function in CN and from the network entity / function in CN to the OTT server is through CP tunnel.
[0030] Figure 3 illustrates an exemplary flow of data collection triggering from the OTT server to UE without a network node / entity / function (e.g., DCAF, CN, OAM, etc. ) involvement in accordance with embodiments of the current invention. In one embodiment, the data collection triggering / request is from the OTT server to UE through the application layer. In one embodiment, UE further sends the data collection request to the RAN node. In one embodiment, the data collection request is indicated from the application layer to RRC layer, through which data collection request is sent from the UE to network. In one embodiment, the data collection request to the RAN node can be L1 / L2 signaling. In one embodiment, the RAN node provides data collection configuration / assistance information relying on UE requests. In one embodiment, the RAN node provides data collection configuration / assistance information for each UE. In one embodiment, the RAN node provides data collection configuration / assistance information for a group of UE. In one embodiment, the data delivery tunnel is set up between UE and the OTT server. In one embodiment, the data delivery tunnel is the UP tunnel. In one embodiment, UE sends the data collection response to the OTT server. In one embodiment, UE performs measurement based on data collection configuration from the RAN node. In one embodiment, UE attaches the assistant information received from the RAN node to the collected data. In one embodiment, UE delivery the collected data attached with assistance information to the OTT server through the data delivery tunnel.
[0031] Figure 4 illustrates an exemplary process of data collection triggering from the OTT server to the network node / entity / function (e.g., DCAF, CN, OAM, etc. ) in accordance with embodiments of the current invention. In one embodiment, the OTT server sends the data collection request to a network node / entity / function (e.g., DCAF, CN, OAM, etc. ) , and network node / entity / function (e.g., DCAF, CN, OAM, etc. ) in 5GS further sends the data collection request to UE. In one embodiment, the network node / entity / function (e.g., DCAF, CN, OAM, etc. ) in 5GS sends data collection response to the OTT server. In one embodiment, the data delivery tunnel is set up between network node / entity / function (e.g., DCAF, CN, OAM, etc. ) and the OTT server. In one embodiment, the data delivery tunnel is UP tunnel.
[0032] In one embodiment, network node / entity / function (e.g., DCAF, CN, OAM, etc. ) sends the data collection and assistance information request to the RAN node, and the RAN node provides assistance information to the network node / entity / function (e.g., DCAF, CN, OAM, etc. ) . In one embodiment, the network node / entity / function (e.g., DCAF, CN, OAM, etc. ) performs authorization check and determine whether data collection and data delivery to the OTT server is allowed or not. In one embodiment, the network node / entity / function (e.g., DCAF, CN, OAM, etc. ) also determines what types of data are allowed to be collected and delivered to the OTT server. In one embodiment, RAN node provides assistance information relying on the business agreement between RAN and OTT server. In one embodiment, the RAN node sends data collection configuration and triggering to UE. In one embodiment, UE performs data collection based on data collection configuration and delivers the collected data to network node / entity / function (e.g., DCAF, CN, OAM, etc. ) . In one embodiment, UE sends data collection response to the network node / entity / function (e.g., DCAF, CN, OAM, etc. ) . In one embodiment, UE interacts with network node / entity / function (e.g., DCAF, CN, OAM, etc. ) through the NAS signaling. In one embodiment, UE interacts with network node / entity / function (e.g., DCAF, CN, OAM, etc. ) through the application layer. In one embodiment, network node / entity / function (e.g., DCAF, CN, OAM, etc. ) attaches assistance information to the collected data from UEs. In one embodiment, the network node / entity / function (e.g., DCAF, CN, OAM, etc. ) delivers the collected data attached with assistance information to the OTT server through data delivery tunnel after authorization check.
[0033] Figure 5 illustrates an exemplary flow of data collection without RAN awareness triggering from the OTT server to the network node / entity / function (e.g., DCAF, CN, OAM, etc. ) , and from the OTT server to UE in accordance with embodiments of the current invention. In one embodiment, the data collection triggering / request from the OTT server to the network node / entity / function (e.g., DCAF, CN, OAM, etc. ) , and from the OTT server to UE through the application layer. In one embodiment, the data delivery tunnel is set up between UE and the OTT server. In one embodiment, the data delivery tunnel is the UP tunnel.
[0034] In one embodiment, the network node / entity / function (e.g., DCAF, CN, OAM, etc. ) sends the data collection and assistance information request to the RAN node, and the RAN node provides assistance information to the network node / entity / function (e.g., DCAF, CN, OAM, etc. ) for authorization check. In one embodiment, the network node / entity / function (e.g., DCAF, CN, OAM, etc. ) performs authorization check and determine whether data collection and data delivery to the OTT server is allowed or not. In one embodiment, the network node / entity / function (e.g., DCAF, CN, OAM, etc. ) also determines what types of data are allowed to be collected and delivered to the OTT server. In one embodiment, the RAN node sends data collection configuration and trigger to UE. In one embodiment, UE performs data collection based on the data collection configuration. In one embodiment, the network node / entity / function (e.g., DCAF, CN, OAM, etc. ) sends data collection request and assistance information to UE after authorization check. In one embodiment, UE sends data collection response to the OTT server. In one embodiment, UE attaches assistance information with the collected data and sends them to the OTT server through data delivery tunnel.
[0035] It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes / flowcharts disclosed is an illustration of exemplary approaches. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes / flowcharts may be rearranged. Further, some blocks may be combined or omitted. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various blocks in a sample order, and are not meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.
[0036] The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but is to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language claims, wherein reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more. ” The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration. ” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. Combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C, ” “one or more of A, B, or C, ” “at least one of A, B, and C, ” “one or more of A, B, and C, ” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” include any combination of A, B, and / or C, and may include multiples of A, multiples of B, or multiples of C. Specifically, combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C, ” “one or more of A, B, or C, ” “at least one of A, B, and C, ” “one or more of A, B, and C, ” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” may be A only, B only, C only, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combinations may contain one or more member or members of A, B, or C. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. The words “module, ” “mechanism, ” “element, ” “device, ” and the like may not be a substitute for the word “means. ” As such, no claim element is to be construed as a means plus function unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for. ”
[0037] While aspects of the present disclosure have been described in conjunction with the specific embodiments thereof that are proposed as examples, alternatives, modifications, and variations to the examples may be made. Accordingly, embodiments as set forth herein are intended to be illustrative and not limiting. There are changes that may be made without departing from the scope of the claims set forth below.
Claims
1.A method of UE to perform offline training model data collection without RAN awareness, comprising the steps of:Receiving the data collection request / triggering from an OTT server,Receiving the data collection configuration through the RAN node,Performing data collect based configuration and triggering,Delivering the collected data through the data delivery tunnel.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the OTT server is UE sided server.3.The method of claim 1, wherein the OTT server is neutral site server.4.The method of claim 1, wherein the data collection request / triggering from the OTT server to UE.5.The method of claim 4, further comprising that the OTT server send data collection / triggering to a network node / entity / function.6.The method of claim 5, further comprising that the network node / entity / function indicates the data collection request / triggering to UE.7.The method of claim 4, further comprising UE to receive the data collection request / triggering from the OTT server through the application layer.8.The method of claim 4, wherein the data delivery tunnel is set up between UE and the OTT server.9.The method of claim 7, further comprising UE to send the data collection request to RAN node.10.The method of claim 9, further comprising UE to receive the data collection configuration and assistance information from the RAN node.11.The method of claim 10, wherein the data collection configuration / assistance information provided relying on UE request.12.The method of claim 10, wherein the RAN node provides data collection configuration / assistance information for each UE.13.The method of claim 10, wherein the RAN node provides data collection configuration / assistance information for a group of UE.14.The method of claim 10, wherein the assistance information may include use case / functionality the data used for, the scenario information (location) , RAN configuration information for the data, etc.15.The method of claim 10, further comprising UE to perform the measurement.16.The method of claim 15, further comprising UE to deliver the collected data and assistance information to the OTT server through data delivery tunnel.17.The method of claim 5, wherein the data delivery tunnel is set up between DCAF and the OTT sever.18.The method of claim 5, wherein the DCAF sends assistance information and data collection request to RAN node.19.The method of claim 18, wherein the RAN node sends assistance information to DCAF.20.The method of claim 19, wherein the assistance information may include use case / functionality the data used for, the scenario information (location) , RAN configuration information for the data, etc.21.The method of claim 18, further comprising UE to receive data collection configuration and trigger from RAN node.22.The method of claim 21, further comprising UE to perform measurement based on data collection configuration and trigger from RAN node.23.The method of claim 22, further comprising UE to deliver the collected data to DCAF.24.The method of claim 23, further comprising UE to deliver collected data to DCAF through NAS signaling.25.The method of claim 23, further comprising UE to deliver collected data to DCAF through application layer.26.The method of claim 24, wherein DCAF attaches the assistance information received from RAN node to the collected data from UE and sends them to the OTT server.27.The method of claim 21, wherein DCAF sends the data collection request with assistance information to UE.28.The method of claim 21, further comprising UE to send data collection response to DCAF.29.The method of claim 28, further comprising UE to perform measurement based on data collection configuration and trigger from RAN node, and attach the assistance information to the collected data then send them to the OTT server through data delivery tunnel.30.The method of claim 1, the data delivery tunnel is UP tunnel.31.The method of claim 1, the data delivery tunnel from the UE to the network entity / function in CN and from the network entity / function in CN to the OTT server is through CP tunnel.32.The method of claim 1, the UE interacts with the RAN node through L1 UCI.33.The method of claim 1, the UE interacts with the RAN node through L2 MAC CE.34.The method of claim 1, the UE interacts with the RAN node through RRC message.35.The method of claim 1, the UE interacts with the RAN node through a new radio bearer for AI.
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