Optical emitter, optical receiver and optical transceiving chip

Abstract

An optical emitter, an optical receiver and an optical transceiving chip. The optical emitter comprises: N light sources of different wavelengths; m stages of light-splitting portions, which comprise m stages of light splitter groups and m stages of waveguide crossing groups, wherein each stage of waveguide crossing group comprises N×2m channels, a first-stage light splitter group splits optical signals from the N light sources of different wavelengths into output signals of 2N channels, a (k+1)th-stage light splitter group splits output signals from N×2k channels of a kth-stage light splitter group into output signals of N×2k+1 channels, and the output signal of each channel has one output power; and N×2m function blocks and 2m multiplexers, wherein output signals of N×2m channels that are split by an mth-stage light-splitting portion are cross-transmitted by the m stages of waveguide crossing groups, and are then sequentially connected to the function blocks and the multiplexers, and each multiplexer is used for combining N output signals of different wavelengths from N channels. The emitter can realize multi-channel and multi-wavelength signal transmission and can be flexibly expanded.

Description

Optical transmitter, optical receiver and optical transceiver chip Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of optical chips, and in particular to an optical transmitter, an optical receiver and an optical transceiver chip. Technical Background

[0002] Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology has widespread application in optical communications and optical interconnects. For example, Figure 1 shows a simplified architecture diagram of a traditional FR4 (or CWDM4) transmitter application. This architecture includes four optical sources with different wavelengths, several functional blocks (for signal modulation, processing, and control), and a multiplexer (MUX) (shown as a trapezoid) that combines the four wavelengths into one. The architecture shown in Figure 1 can be used in a packaged assembly consisting of several discrete components, an optical chip integrating all components, or a combination of an optical chip integrating some components and several discrete components. Specifically, in a 100G CWDM4 transmitter application, each wavelength corresponds to a channel, each carrying a 25G NRZ modulated signal. Consequently, the four channels achieve 4×25G = 100G signal transmission. In a 400G FR4 application, each wavelength corresponds to a channel, each carrying a 100G PAM4 modulated signal. Consequently, the four channels achieve 4×100G = 400G signal transmission.

[0003] Figure 2 shows the architecture of a 2xFR4 transmitter for next-generation 800G applications. Each of the four wavelengths is split into two beams using a 50 / 50 splitter. These beams are then combined via a primary waveguide crossover (shown in the dashed area of ​​Figure 2) and two multiplexers, ultimately creating two FR4 structures. This is why it's called 2xFR4. This results in two channels for each wavelength, for a total of eight channels. Each channel carries a 100G PAM4 modulated signal, resulting in eight channels that transmit 8x100G = 800G signals. On the optical chip, both the splitter and the waveguide crossover are implemented using optical waveguides, integrated within the chip along with other components. For next-generation, higher-speed WDM applications, such as 1.6T, 3.2T, and beyond, a new architecture is urgently needed to effectively implement multi-channel, multi-wavelength signal transmission. The greater the number of channels (or wavelengths), the more complex the WDM system architecture becomes. This, in particular, involves complex waveguide crossovers (in the case of the optical chip), making architectural design even more challenging. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a new wavelength division multiplexing architecture to solve the above problems existing in the prior art.

[0004] Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an optical transmitter, an optical receiver and an optical transceiver chip, which can effectively expand the existing architecture to achieve multi-channel, multi-wavelength signal transmission, simplify the architecture design, and have flexible scalability.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an optical transmitter, comprising N light sources of different wavelengths; an m-level optical splitter unit comprising an m-level optical splitter group and an m-level waveguide cross group, each waveguide cross group comprising N×2 m The first-level optical splitter group splits the optical signals from N light sources with different wavelengths into 2N channels of output signals; the k+1-th level optical splitter group splits the N×2 k The output signal of each channel is split into N×2 k+1 The output signal of each channel has an output power; N×2 m functional units and 2 m Multiplexers, the mth level of optical splitting generates N×2 m The output signals of the channels are cross-transmitted through the m-level waveguide cross group and then connected to the functional units and multiplexers in sequence. Each multiplexer is used to combine the output signals of N different wavelengths from the N channels.

[0007] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a light transmitter, comprising: L×n light sources, including n light sources of different wavelengths, with L light sources of each wavelength, where L and n are both positive integers;

[0008] The m-level optical splitter unit includes an m-level optical splitter group and an m-level waveguide cross group, wherein each level of the waveguide cross group includes L×n×2 m The number of channels, the k-th level splitter group includes L×n×2 k-1 optical splitters, m is a positive integer, k ranges from 1 to m, and the m-level optical splitter can be expanded as needed; the first-level optical splitter group splits the optical signals from the L×n light sources into L×n×2 1 The output signal of the channel; the k+1th level optical splitter group converts the L×n×2 k The output signal of each channel is split into L×n×2 k+1 The output signal of each channel has an output power;

[0009] L×n×2 m functional units and L×2 m A multiplexer, where the m-th level splitting part generates 2 m The output signals of the channels are cross-transmitted through the m-level waveguide cross group and then sequentially connected to functional units and multiplexers. Each multiplexer is used to combine output signals of n different wavelengths from n channels.

[0010] In a third aspect, the present invention provides an optical transmitter, comprising: N light sources of different wavelengths; an m-level optical splitter, comprising an m-level optical splitter group and at least one level waveguide cross group, wherein each level waveguide cross group comprises N×2 m The number of channels, the k-th level splitter group includes N×2 k-1 optical splitters, N and m are both positive integers greater than 1, the value range of k is from 1 to m, and the m-level optical splitter can be expanded as needed; the first-level optical splitter group splits the optical signals from the N light sources with different wavelengths into N×2 1 The output signal of the channel; the k+1th level optical splitter group will receive the N×2 k The output signal of each channel is split into N×2 k+1 The output signal of each channel has an output power; it also includes N×2 m functional units and 2 m Multiplexers, where the mth level of splitting light generates N×2 m The output signals of the channels are cross-transmitted through the at least one waveguide cross group and then sequentially connected to the functional units and multiplexers, each multiplexer being used to combine the output signals of N different wavelengths from the N channels.

[0011] In a possible embodiment, the optical splitter includes but is not limited to at least one of a Y-shaped branch, a trident-shaped branch, a multimode interferometer, a directional coupler, an adiabatic coupler, a bent coupler, a photonic crystal splitter, and a subwavelength splitter.

[0012] In another possible embodiment, the multiplexer includes but is not limited to at least one of an arrayed waveguide grating, an Echelle grating, a cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometer, a cascaded microring, a cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a microring, and a Fabry-Perot interferometer.

[0013] In another possible embodiment, the types of waveguides in the optical splitter, waveguide junction, multiplexer, demultiplexer, and functional unit include but are not limited to channel waveguides, ridge waveguides, slot waveguides, diffused waveguides, and photonic crystal waveguides.

[0014] In other possible embodiments, the light source adopts an external light source, on-chip hybrid integration or heterogeneous integrated light source, and the integrated material includes but is not limited to at least one of III-V / silicon light source, III-V / silicon nitride light source, and III-V / thin film lithium niobate.

[0015] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides an optical receiver comprising: M demultiplexers, a photodetector, and at least one waveguide cross group:

[0016] The demultiplexer is connected to the multiplexer of the optical transmitter in a one-to-one correspondence, and the demultiplexer is used to demultiplex the output signal from the multiplexer to obtain output signals of different wavelengths of N channels;

[0017] At least one waveguide cross group is used to transmit the output signals of N×M channels generated by demultiplexing of M demultiplexers to N×M photodetectors, and the photodetectors correspond to the channels of the optical receivers one by one.

[0018] In a possible embodiment, the demultiplexer includes but is not limited to at least one of an arrayed waveguide grating, an Echelle grating, a cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometer, a cascaded microring, a cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a microring, and a Fabry-Perot interferometer.

[0019] In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides an optical transceiver chip, comprising an optical receiver and the optical transmitter according to any one of the first aspects, wherein the optical receiver comprises a demultiplexer, a photodetector, and at least one first-level waveguide cross group;

[0020] The number of the demultiplexers is the same as the number of the multiplexers, and the demultiplexers are used to demultiplex the output signals from the multiplexers to obtain output signals of different wavelengths in N channels;

[0021] At least one waveguide cross group, each waveguide cross group includes the same number of channels as the number of channels of the optical transmitter; the at least one waveguide cross group is used to connect 2 m The N×2 demultiplexers generate m The output signals of each channel are transmitted to a photodetector, and the photodetectors correspond to the channels of the optical receivers one by one and are the same in number.

[0022] In a possible embodiment, the integrated material platform on which the optical transceiver chip architecture is located includes but is not limited to at least one of bulk silicon, silicon on insulator, silicon on sapphire, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, indium phosphide, lithium niobate, barium titanate, and polymer.

[0023] In another possible embodiment, the waveguide types of the optical splitter and waveguide intersection of the optical transmitter include but are not limited to channel waveguides, ridge waveguides, slot waveguides, diffused waveguides, and photonic crystal waveguides; the demultiplexer includes but is not limited to at least one of an arrayed waveguide grating, an Echelle grating, a cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometer, a cascaded microring, a cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a microring, and a Fabry-Perot interferometer.

[0024] In other possible embodiments, the wavelength range of the wavelength includes but is not limited to the visible light band, O band, E band, S band, C band, L band, U band, and mid-infrared band.

[0025] In another possible embodiment, the waveguide crossing group may be implemented in a form including but not limited to at least one of a multimode waveguide crossing, a nonlinear optimized crossing, a multilayer waveguide crossing, and a crossing of waveguides of different material layers.

[0026] In other possible embodiments, the optical transmitter is applied to a component composed of several discrete components through packaging, or to an optical chip integrating all components, or to a combination of an optical chip integrating some components and several discrete components.

[0027] The optical transmitter, optical receiver, and optical transceiver chip provided by the present invention have the beneficial effects of effectively expanding the existing 2xFR4 architecture to achieve multi-channel, multi-wavelength signal transmission, simplifying the architecture design, and having flexible scalability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a traditional 400G FR4 (or CWDM4) transmitter application.

[0029] Figure 2 shows the architecture of a 2xFR4 transmitter for next-generation 800G applications.

[0030] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a 4xFR4 transmitter architecture provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of an 8xFR4 transmitter architecture provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of another 8xFR4 transmitter architecture provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a 2xFR8 transmitter architecture provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of a 2xFR8 transmitter architecture including a two-stage waveguide cross group provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] FIG8 is a schematic diagram of a 2xFR8 transmitter architecture including a primary waveguide cross group provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of a 4xFR8 transmitter architecture provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] FIG10 is a schematic diagram of a 4xFR4 receiver architecture provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] FIG11 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of an optical transceiver chip with a 4xFR4 transmitter and receiver provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Summary of the Invention

[0040] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used herein should be the common meanings understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs. The words "including" and similar words used in this article mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word cover the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects.

[0041] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, an embodiment of the present invention provides an optical transmitter, comprising: N light sources with different wavelengths; an m-level optical splitter unit comprising an m-level optical splitter group and an m-level waveguide cross group, each waveguide cross group comprising N×2 m The first-level optical splitter group splits the optical signals from N light sources with different wavelengths into 2N channels of output signals; the k+1-th level optical splitter group splits the N×2 k The output signal of each channel is split into N×2 k+1 The output signal of each channel has an output power; N×2 m functional units and 2 m Multiplexers, the mth level of optical splitting generates N×2 m The output signals of the channels are cross-transmitted through the m-level waveguide cross group and then connected to the functional units and multiplexers in sequence. Each multiplexer is used to combine the output signals of N different wavelengths from the N channels.

[0042] For example, as shown in Figure 3, this embodiment provides a 4xFR4 transmitter architecture. Building on the two parallel 2xFR4 transmitter architectures shown in Figure 2, an additional cascaded 50 / 50 splitter and a new waveguide crossover group are added, resulting in two waveguide crossover groups (as shown in the dashed box). This maintains the original 2xFR4 transmitter architecture; simply by adding additional splitters and waveguide crossover groups, the number of channels can be effectively expanded, enabling rapid implementation of 1.6T signal transmission.

[0043] It should be understood that the architecture shown in Figure 3 can be further expanded. For example, as shown in Figure 4, based on two parallel 4xFR4 transmitters, by adding an additional cascaded 50 / 50 splitter and a new waveguide cross group, there are three waveguide cross groups (as shown in the dotted box area), which can double the number of channels and achieve an 8xFR4 transmitter architecture, that is, 3.2T signal transmission. Similarly, the architecture shown in Figure 4 can be further expanded upward, for example, to achieve a 16xFR4 transmitter architecture (6.4T signal transmission), a 32xFR4 transmitter architecture (12.8T signal transmission), and so on.

[0044] It should be understood that during multi-channel expansion, the light emitted by each wavelength light source needs to be split multiple times. This will weaken the light intensity entering each channel, resulting in the final output optical signal strength possibly failing to meet system performance requirements. To further address this issue, this embodiment is designed to allow for more than one light source per wavelength. Accordingly, the number of cascaded optical splitters can also be effectively adjusted. To this end, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an optical transmitter comprising: L×n light sources, comprising n light sources of different wavelengths, with L light sources for each wavelength, where L and n are both positive integers; and an m-level optical splitting unit, comprising an m-level optical splitter group and an m-level waveguide cross group.

[0045] Each waveguide cross group consists of L×n×2 m The number of channels, the k-th level splitter group includes L×n×2 k-1 optical splitters, m is a positive integer, k ranges from 1 to m, and the m-level optical splitter can be expanded as needed; the first-level optical splitter group splits the optical signals from the L×n light sources into L×n×2 1 The output signal of the channel; the k+1th level optical splitter group converts the L×n×2 k The output signal of each channel is split into L×n×2 k+1 The output signal of each channel has an output power.

[0046] The optical transmitter also includes L×n×2 m functional units and L×2 m A multiplexer, where the m-th level splitting part generates 2 m The output signals of the channels are cross-transmitted through the m-level waveguide cross group and then sequentially connected to functional units and multiplexers. Each multiplexer is used to combine output signals of n different wavelengths from n channels.

[0047] For example, FIG5 illustrates another 8xFR4 transmitter architecture, in which each wavelength can be provided by two light sources, and the corresponding optical splitters are adjusted to a two-stage cascade, which can double the light intensity entering each channel. Similarly, in the 8xFR4 transmitter architecture, each wavelength can also be provided by four light sources, and the corresponding optical splitters are adjusted to a single-stage cascade (not shown in the legend). In addition, similarly, in the 4xFR4 transmitter architecture shown in FIG3, each wavelength can also be provided by two light sources, and the corresponding optical splitters are adjusted to a single-stage cascade (not shown in the legend).

[0048] It can be seen that the above examples discuss expanding the number of channels by cascading optical splitters (i.e., by increasing the number of splittings) while the number of wavelengths remains unchanged. In another embodiment of the present application, the number of channels can also be expanded by increasing the number of wavelengths while the number of optical splitters remains unchanged. That is, the embodiment of the present invention further provides an optical transmitter, comprising: N light sources of different wavelengths; an m-level optical splitting unit, comprising an m-level optical splitter group and at least one level of waveguide cross group, wherein each level of waveguide cross group comprises N×2 m The number of channels, the k-th level splitter group includes N×2 k-1 optical splitters, N and m are both positive integers greater than 1, the value range of k is from 1 to m, and the m-level optical splitter can be expanded as needed; the first-level optical splitter group splits the optical signals from the N light sources with different wavelengths into 2N channels of output signals; the k+1-th level optical splitter group splits the N×2 k The output signal of each channel is split into N×2 k+1 The output signal of each channel has an output power;

[0049] The optical transmitter also includes N×2 m functional units and 2 m Multiplexers, where the mth level of splitting light generates N×2 m The output signals of the channels are cross-transmitted through the at least one waveguide cross group and then sequentially connected to the functional units and the multiplexers. Each multiplexer is used to combine the output signals of N different wavelengths from the N channels.

[0050] For example, Figure 6 shows a 2xFR8 transmitter architecture for 1.6T signal transmission. This architecture is a modification of the 4xFR4 architecture shown in Figure 3. Here, the number of light sources is reduced to eight, the number of cascaded optical splitters is reduced accordingly, a new waveguide crossover group is added, and the multiplexer is modified to combine the output signals of eight different wavelengths from eight channels. This allows for the rapid implementation of a 2xFR8 transmitter architecture by only partially modifying the 4xFR4 transmitter architecture, providing flexibility and convenience. It is worth noting that the waveguide crossovers in the 2xFR8 transmitter architecture shown in Figure 6 can be further adjusted and modified to meet specific needs. For example, the number of cascaded waveguide crossovers can be reduced as needed, as shown in Figure 7, where the optical transmitter includes two waveguide crossover groups, or as shown in Figure 8, where the optical transmitter includes a single waveguide crossover group.

[0051] The above embodiments respectively discuss expanding the number of channels by cascading optical splitters while keeping the number of wavelengths unchanged, and expanding the number of channels by increasing the number of wavelengths while keeping the number of optical splitters unchanged. In addition, the number of cascaded optical splitters and the number of wavelengths can be increased simultaneously to achieve the expansion of the number of channels. Figure 9 shows a 4xFR8 transmitter architecture, which is based on the two 2xFR8 transmitters shown in Figure 8, adding a first-level optical splitter cascade and an additional first-level waveguide cross group, with a total of two levels of waveguide cross groups (shown in the dotted box area), which can quickly expand the number of channels and realize 3.2T signal transmission, which is convenient and flexible.

[0052] An embodiment of the present invention further provides an optical receiver comprising M demultiplexers, photodetectors, and at least one first-order waveguide crossover group: the demultiplexers are connected in a one-to-one correspondence with the multiplexers of an optical transmitter, and the demultiplexers are used to demultiplex the output signals from the multiplexers to obtain output signals of different wavelengths in N channels; at least one first-order waveguide crossover group is used to transmit the output signals of the N×M channels generated by the demultiplexing of the M demultiplexers to N×M photodetectors, each of which corresponds one-to-one to the channels of the optical receiver. For example, Figure 10 illustrates a 4xFR4 receiver comprising four demultiplexers, a first-order waveguide crossover group, and a photodetector (PD), capable of receiving 1.6T signals. The demultiplexer is connected to the multiplexer of the optical transmitter in a one-to-one correspondence. The demultiplexer is used to demultiplex the output signal from the multiplexer to obtain output signals of different wavelengths in four channels. The first-level waveguide cross group is used to transmit the 16-channel output signals generated by demultiplexing the four demultiplexers to 16 photodetectors. The photodetectors correspond one-to-one to the channels of the optical receiver.

[0053] An embodiment of the present invention further provides an optical transceiver chip, comprising an optical receiver and an optical transmitter as described in any of the above embodiments, wherein the optical receiver comprises a demultiplexer, a photodetector, and at least one waveguide cross group; the number of the demultiplexers is the same as the number of the multiplexers, and the demultiplexer is used to demultiplex the output signals from the multiplexers to obtain output signals of different wavelengths of N channels; at least one waveguide cross group, the number of channels included in each waveguide cross group is the same as the number of channels of the optical transmitter; the at least one waveguide cross group is used to convert 2 m The N×2 demultiplexers generate m The output signals of each channel are transmitted to a photodetector, and the photodetectors correspond to the channels of the optical receivers one by one and are the same in number.

[0054] For example, Figure 11 illustrates a 4xFR4 integrated transmitter and receiver architecture, where the transmitter and receiver are integrated on the same chip. The four light sources in the optical transmitter each emit light of four different wavelengths. A two-stage optical splitter unit includes two optical splitter groups and two waveguide cross-groups, each waveguide cross-group having 16 channels. The first-stage optical splitter group includes four optical splitters, and the second-stage optical splitter group includes eight optical splitters. The first-stage optical splitter group splits the optical signals from the four different wavelength light sources into eight channels of output signals. The second-stage optical splitter group splits the eight channels of output signals from the first-stage optical splitter group into 16 channels of output signals, each with a single output power. The system also includes 16 functional units and 16 multiplexers. The 16 channels of output signals generated by the second-stage optical splitter unit are then transmitted through the two-stage waveguide cross-groups and then sequentially connected to the functional units and multiplexers. Each multiplexer is used to combine the four channels of output signals of four different wavelengths. The number of demultiplexers of the optical receiver is the same as the number of the multiplexers. The demultiplexers are used to demultiplex the output signals from the multiplexers to obtain output signals of different wavelengths in four channels. The number of channels included in the primary waveguide cross group is the same as the number of channels of the optical transmitter, which is also 16 channels. The primary waveguide cross group is used to transmit the 16-channel output signals generated by demultiplexing the four demultiplexers to photodetectors. The photodetectors correspond to the channels of the optical receiver one-to-one and are the same in number.

[0055] It's worth noting that the architecture described above can be used for a packaged assembly consisting of several discrete components, an optical chip integrating all the components, or a combination of an optical chip integrating some components and several discrete components. For integrated optical chips, the material platforms underlying this architecture include, but are not limited to, bulk silicon, silicon-on-insulator, silicon-on-sapphire, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, indium phosphide, lithium niobate, barium titanate, and polymers.

[0056] In another possible embodiment, the optical splitter includes, but is not limited to, at least one of a Y-shaped branch, a trident-shaped branch, a multimode interferometer, a directional coupler, an adiabatic coupler, a bent coupler, a photonic crystal splitter, and a subwavelength splitter. The optical splitter may be a 50 / 50 optical splitter, which may be either a 1x2 coupler or a 2x2 coupler.

[0057] In addition, the implementation form of the waveguide crossing in the waveguide crossing group may include but is not limited to multimode waveguide crossing, nonlinear optimized crossing, multi-layer waveguide crossing, waveguide crossing of different material layers, etc. The waveguide direction, waveguide length, crossing angle between the two waveguides, etc. of the waveguide crossing are not limited to those shown in the figure (the figure is for illustration only). In addition, the types of waveguides in the optical splitter, waveguide crossing, multiplexer, demultiplexer, and functional unit include but are not limited to channel waveguides, ridge waveguides, slot waveguides, diffused waveguides, and photonic crystal waveguides. The light source part can adopt on-chip hybrid integration or heterogeneous integrated light source, and the integrated materials include but are not limited to III-V / silicon light source, III-V / silicon nitride light source, III-V / thin film lithium niobate, etc.; an external light source can also be used and coupled into the optical chip.

[0058] In one possible embodiment, the multiplexer or demultiplexer includes but is not limited to an arrayed waveguide grating, an Echelle grating, a cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometer, a cascaded microring, a cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a microring, and a Fabry-Perot interferometer; it can be either passive or adjustable.

[0059] In another possible embodiment, the operating wavelength range of the light source includes but is not limited to the visible light band, O band, E band, S band, C band, L band, U band, and mid-infrared band.

[0060] The application fields of the above-mentioned optical transmitter, optical receiver or optical transceiver chip structure are not limited to optical communication and optical interconnection, but can also be used in lidar, beam control, optical sensing, free-space optical communication, optical storage, optical computing, etc.

[0061] While the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations of these embodiments are possible. However, it should be understood that such modifications and variations are within the scope and spirit of the present invention as set forth in the claims. Furthermore, the invention described herein is susceptible to other embodiments and may be practiced or implemented in a variety of ways.

Claims

1. A light transmitter, characterized in that: include: N light sources with different wavelengths; The m-level optical splitter comprises an m-level optical splitter group and an m-level waveguide cross group, wherein each waveguide cross group comprises N×2 m The number of channels, the k-th level splitter group includes N×2 k-1 There are optical splitters, N and m are both positive integers, k ranges from 1 to m, and the m-level optical splitter group can be expanded as needed; the first-level optical splitter group splits the optical signals from the N light sources with different wavelengths into N×2 1 The k+1th optical splitter group receives the N×2 k The output signal of each channel is split into N×2 k+1 The output signal of each channel has an output power; N×2 m functional units and 2 m Multiplexers, where the mth-order splitting part generates N×2 m The output signals of the channels are cross-transmitted through the m-level waveguide cross groups and then connected to the functional units and multiplexers in sequence. Each multiplexer is used to combine the output signals of N different wavelengths from the N channels.

2. A light transmitter, characterized in that: include: L×n light sources, including n light sources with different wavelengths, each of which has L light sources of different wavelengths, where L and n are both positive integers; The m-level optical splitter comprises an m-level optical splitter group and an m-level waveguide cross group, wherein each level of the waveguide cross group comprises L×n×2 m The number of channels, the k-th level splitter group includes L×n×2 k-1 The first-level optical splitter group splits the optical signals from the L×n light sources into L×n×2 1 The k+1th level splitter group converts the L×n×2 k The output signal of each channel is split into L×n×2 k+1 The output signal of each channel has an output power; L×n×2 m functional units and L×2 m A multiplexer, where the mth level of splitting light generates 2 m The output signals of the channels are connected to the functional units and the multiplexers in sequence after cross transmission through the m-level waveguide cross groups, and each multiplexer is used to combine the output signals of n different wavelengths from the n channels.

3. A light transmitter, characterized in that: include: N light sources with different wavelengths; The m-level optical splitter comprises an m-level optical splitter group and at least one-level waveguide cross group, wherein each level of the waveguide cross group comprises N×2 m The number of channels, the k-th level splitter group includes N×2 k-1 The optical splitter group of the first level splits the optical signals from the N light sources with different wavelengths into output signals of 2N channels; the optical splitter group of the k+1 level splits the optical signals from the N×2 light sources of the k-th level splitter group into output signals of 2N channels; k The output signal of each channel is split into N×2 k+1 The output signal of each channel has an output power; N×2 m functional units and 2 m Multiplexers, where the mth-order splitting part generates N×2 m The output signals of the N channels are connected to the functional units and the multiplexers in sequence after cross transmission through the at least one waveguide cross group, and each multiplexer is used to combine the output signals of N different wavelengths from the N channels.

4. The optical transmitter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The optical splitter includes but is not limited to at least one of a Y-shaped branch, a trident-shaped branch, a multimode interferometer, a directional coupler, an adiabatic coupler, a bent coupler, a photonic crystal optical splitter, and a sub-wavelength optical splitter.

5. The optical transmitter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The multiplexer includes but is not limited to at least one of an arrayed waveguide grating, an Echelle grating, a cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometer, a cascaded microring, a cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a microring, and a Fabry-Perot interferometer.

6. The optical transmitter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The light source adopts an external light source, on-chip hybrid integration or heterogeneous integrated light source, and the integrated material includes but is not limited to at least one of III-V / silicon light source, III-V / silicon nitride light source, and III-V / thin film lithium niobate.

7. An optical receiver, characterized in that: It includes M demultiplexers, photodetectors and at least one waveguide cross group: The demultiplexer is connected to the multiplexer of the optical transmitter in a one-to-one correspondence, and the demultiplexer is used to demultiplex the output signal from the multiplexer to obtain output signals of different wavelengths of N channels; At least one waveguide cross group is used to transmit the output signals of N×M channels generated by demultiplexing of M demultiplexers to N×M photodetectors, and the photodetectors correspond to the channels of the optical receivers one by one.

8. The optical receiver according to claim 7, characterized in that The demultiplexer includes but is not limited to at least one of an arrayed waveguide grating, an Echelle grating, a cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometer, a cascaded microring, a cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a microring, and a Fabry-Perot interferometer.

9. An optical transceiver chip, characterized in that: A method comprising: comprising an optical receiver and an optical transmitter as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the optical receiver comprises a demultiplexer, a photodetector and at least one waveguide crossing group; The number of the demultiplexers is the same as the number of the multiplexers, and the demultiplexers are used to demultiplex the output signals from the multiplexers to obtain output signals of different wavelengths of N channels; At least one waveguide cross group, each waveguide cross group includes the same number of channels as the number of channels of the optical transmitter; the at least one waveguide cross group is used to connect the 2 m The demultiplexer generates N×2 m The output signals of each channel are transmitted to the photodetectors, and the photodetectors correspond to the channels of the optical receivers one by one and have the same number.

10. The optical transceiver chip according to claim 9, characterized in that: The integrated material platform where the optical transceiver chip architecture is located includes but is not limited to at least one of bulk silicon, silicon on insulator, silicon on sapphire, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, indium phosphide, lithium niobate, barium titanate, and polymer.

11. The optical transceiver chip according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that: The types of waveguides in the optical splitter, waveguide junction, multiplexer, demultiplexer, and functional unit include but are not limited to channel waveguides, ridge waveguides, slot waveguides, diffused waveguides, and photonic crystal waveguides.

12. The optical transceiver chip according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that: The wavelength range of the wavelength includes but is not limited to the visible light band, O band, E band, S band, C band, L band, U band, and mid-infrared band.

13. The optical transceiver chip according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that: The implementation form of the waveguide crossing group may include but is not limited to at least one of a multi-mode waveguide crossing, a nonlinear optimized crossing, a multi-layer waveguide crossing, and a waveguide crossing of different material layers.

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