Devices and methods of communication
By integrating processors in A-IoT devices to manage energy status and communication based on specific conditions, the solution addresses the energy management challenges faced by A-IoT devices, ensuring continuous service and efficient energy harvesting.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/116317
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-08-31
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-06
AI Technical Summary
Existing solutions for ambient-Internet of Things (A-IoT) devices are inadequate for managing energy effectively, leading to challenges in maintaining continuous communication and efficient energy harvesting.
The implementation of A-IoT devices with processors that determine energy status conditions and perform communication procedures only when energy status meets certain criteria, including reporting energy status information to communication devices and receiving occasions for energy harvesting.
This approach ensures service continuity by optimizing energy usage and managing energy harvesting effectively, thereby enhancing the operational reliability of A-IoT devices.
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Figure CN2023116317_06032025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES AND METHODS OF COMMUNICATIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of telecommunication, and in particular, to devices and methods of communication for energy management of an ambient-Internet of things (A-IoT) device.BACKGROUND
[0002] A-IoT is a promising technology to enable battery-free or battery-limited communication and fulfil requirements from various verticals. An operation of A-IoT devices relies on energy harvested from a variety of ambient power sources. To incorporate with A-IoT devices, a cellular network communication system is competitive from a perspective of deployment cost due to an already widespread deployment. However, there are still lots of use cases and applications that cannot be addressed using existing solutions and need to be further developed.SUMMARY
[0003] In general, embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods, devices and computer storage media of communication for energy management of an A-IoT device.
[0004] In a first aspect, there is provided an A-IoT device. The A-IoT device comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the A-IoT device to: determine that an energy status of the A-IoT device fulfills a condition; and perform a procedure for a communication between the A-IoT device and a communication device.
[0005] In a second aspect, there is provided an A-IoT device. The A-IoT device comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the A-IoT device to: determine an energy status of the A-IoT device; and report information of the energy status to a communication device by at least one of the following: periodically reporting the information of the energy status to the communication device; reporting, during an access to the communication device, the information of the energy status to the communication device; in accordance with a determination that energy harvesting of the A-IoT device fulfills a first condition, reporting the information of the energy status to the communication device; or in accordance with a determination that energy storage of the A-IoT device fulfills a second condition, reporting the information of the energy status to the communication device.
[0006] In a third aspect, there is provided an A-IoT device. The A-IoT device comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the A-IoT device to: receive, from a communication device, information of one or more occasions for energy harvesting; and perform the energy harvesting on the one or more occasions.
[0007] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a communication device. The communication device comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the communication device to at least one of the following: receive, from an A-IoT device, information of an energy status of the A-IoT device; or transmit, to the A-IoT device, information of one or more occasions for energy harvesting.
[0008] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: determining, at an A-IoT device, that an energy status of the A-IoT device fulfills a condition; and performing a procedure for a communication between the A-IoT device and a communication device.
[0009] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: determining, at an A-IoT device, an energy status of the A-IoT device; and reporting information of the energy status to a communication device by at least one of the following: periodically reporting the information of the energy status to the communication device; reporting, during an access to the communication device, the information of the energy status to the communication device; in accordance with a determination that energy harvesting of the A-IoT device fulfills a first condition, reporting the information of the energy status to the communication device; or in accordance with a determination that energy storage of the A-IoT device fulfills a second condition, reporting the information of the energy status to the communication device.
[0010] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: receiving, at an A-IoT device and from a communication device, information of one or more occasions for energy harvesting; and performing the energy harvesting on the one or more occasions.
[0011] In an eighth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises at least one of the following: receiving, at a communication device and from an A-IoT device, information of an energy status of the A-IoT device; or transmitting, to the A-IoT device, information of one or more occasions for energy harvesting.
[0012] In a ninth aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon. The instructions, when executed on at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method according to any of the fifth to eighth aspects of the present disclosure.
[0013] Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] Through the more detailed description of some embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0015] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication network in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0016] FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating an example process of communication based on an energy status of an A-IoT device according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0017] FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating an example process of reporting an energy status of an A-IoT device according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0018] FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating an example determination of an energy status of an A-IoT device according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating an example process of energy harvesting of an A-IoT device according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating example energy harvesting behaviors according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 7 illustrates an example method of communication implemented at an A-IoT device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0022] FIG. 8 illustrates another example method of communication implemented at an A-IoT device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0023] FIG. 9 illustrates another example method of communication implemented at an A-IoT device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 10 illustrates an example method of communication implemented at a communication device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0025] FIG. 11 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0026] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0027] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitations as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0028] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0029] As used herein, the term ‘terminal device’ refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, internet of things (IoT) devices, Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of Everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, device on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) , Space borne vehicles or Air borne vehicles in Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) encompassing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) , eXtended Reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as Augmented Reality (AR) , Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) as known as Multi-SIM. The term “terminal device” can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0030] The term “network device” may refer to a core network device or an access network device. The term “core network device” refers to any device or entity that provides access and mobility management function (AMF) , network exposure function (NEF) , authentication server function (AUSF) , unified data management (UDM) , session management function (SMF) , user plane function (UPF) , a location management function (LMF) , etc.. In other embodiments, the core network device may be any other suitable device or entity providing any other suitable functionality.
[0031] As used herein, the term “access network device” refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a satellite, an unmanned aerial systems (UAS) platform, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and the like.
[0032] The terminal device or the network device may have artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
[0033] The terminal device or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g. FR1 (410MHz to 7125MHz) , FR2 (24.25GHz to 71GHz) , frequency band larger than 100GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connection with the network devices under Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0034] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g. signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator.
[0035] In one embodiment, the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device. One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node. The first network device and the second network device may use different radio access technologies (RATs) . In one embodiment, the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In one embodiment, the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB. Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device or the second network device. In one embodiment, first information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and second information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device. In one embodiment, information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device. Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
[0036] As used herein, the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ and ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term ‘includes’ and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean ‘includes, but is not limited to. ’ The term ‘based on’ is to be read as ‘at least in part based on. ’ The term ‘one embodiment’ and ‘an embodiment’ are to be read as ‘at least one embodiment. ’ The term ‘another embodiment’ is to be read as ‘at least one other embodiment. ’ The terms ‘first, ’ ‘second, ’ and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0037] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘lowest, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0038] In the context of the present disclosure, the term “a connected state” may be interchangeably used with “an RRC_CONNECTED state” , the term “an idle state” may be interchangeably used with “an RRC_IDLE state” , and the term “an inactive state” may be interchangeably used with “an RRC_INACTIVE state” .
[0039] In the context of the present disclosure, the term “A-IoT” may be interchangeably used with “passive IoT” . The term “A-IoT device” may refer to a device comprising an energy harvesting module and a backscattering module. The A-IoT device may receive an energy supply signal or command via the energy harvesting module and backscatter a signal via the backscattering module. Some example use cases of the A-IoT device are listed below.
[0040] In some scenarios, data transmission and energy harvesting may need to be balanced at an A-IoT device side. For example, for the A-IoT device without energy storage, the system works well as long as average input energy is equivalent to or larger than average energy power. For the A-IoT device with energy storage, in one time period, overall energy consumption needs to be no larger than harvested energy plus energy storage. Thus, the balance may be achieved, for example, by limiting power consuming or ensuring a time gap for energy harvesting.
[0041] In some scenarios, energy storage of an A-IoT device may be not enough during a procedure for communication with the A-IoT device, e.g., ongoing connections, multiple access attempts, or radio link failure (RLF) related actions, etc..
[0042] In view of this, embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions of communication for energy management of an A-IoT device. In one aspect, upon determination that an energy status of an A-IoT device fulfills a condition, the A-IoT device performs a procedure for a communication between the A-IoT device and a communication device. In this way, an A-IoT device performs a communication only when an energy status fulfills a condition, and thus service continuity may be ensured.
[0043] In another aspect, an A-IoT device reports information of an energy status of the A-IoT device to a communication device. In this way, network management on a connection or charging of an A-IoT device may be facilitated.
[0044] In another aspect, an A-IoT device receives, from a communication device, information of one or more occasions for energy harvesting, and performs the energy harvesting on the one or more occasions. In this way, energy harvesting of an A-IoT device may be managed.
[0045] Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0046] EXAMPLE OF COMMUNICATION NETWORK
[0047] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication network 100 in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. As shown in FIG. 1, the communication network 100 may include a terminal device 110 and an access network device 120. In some embodiments, the access network device 120 may provide one or more serving cells (not shown) to serve the terminal device 110.
[0048] As shown in FIG. 1, the communication network 100 may further include an A-IoT device 130. In some embodiments, the access network device 120 and the A-IoT device 130 may communicate with each other. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 and the A-IoT device 130 may communicate with each other. In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may communicate with the terminal device 110 in an FL, and may communicate with the access network device 120 in a BL. In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may communicate with the access network device 120 in an FL, and may communicate with the terminal device 110 in a BL. In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may communicate with the access network device 120 via the terminal device 110 in an FL and a BL.
[0049] In the context of the present disclosure, the term “FL” may refer to a communication link terminated at A-IoT, and may also be referred to as downlink (DL) . The term “BL” may refer to a communication link originated at A-IoT, and may also be referred to as uplink (UL) .
[0050] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may have no energy storage, no harvesting ambient sources, and no independent signal generation (i.e., have a backscattering transmission) . In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may have energy storage from harvesting ambient sources, and may have no independent signal generation (i.e., have a backscattering transmission) . Use of stored energy may include amplification for reflected signals. In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may have energy storage from harvesting ambient sources, and may have independent signal generation (i.e., have an active radio frequency component for transmission) .
[0051] As shown in FIG. 1, the communication network 100 may further include a core network device 140 and an A-IoT server 150. In some scenarios, the A-IoT device 130 may communicate with the A-IoT server 150 via a cellular network comprising the terminal device 110, and the access network device 120 and the core network device 140.
[0052] It is to be understood that the number of devices in FIG. 1 is given for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations to the present disclosure. The communication network 100 may include any suitable number of access network devices and / or terminal devices and / or A-IoT devices and / or core network devices and / or A-IoT servers adapted for implementing implementations of the present disclosure.
[0053] The terminal device 110 may communicate with the access network device 120 via a Uu interface. The access network device 120 may communicate with the core network device 140 via an Ng interface. The communications in the communication network 100 may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Evolution, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , New Radio (NR) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) , Machine Type Communication (MTC) and the like. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-Advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.
[0054] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions of communication for energy management of an A-IoT device. Detailed description will be made with reference to FIGs. 2 to 6 below.
[0055] In context of the present disclosure, the term “a communication device” may refer to a communication node for communication with an A-IoT device. In some embodiments, the communication device may be a terminal device. In some embodiments, the communication device may be a network device, for example, an access network device or a core network device.
[0056] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF COMMUNICATION BASED ON ENERGY STATUS
[0057] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution of communication based on an energy status of an A-IoT device. The solution will be described in connection with FIG. 2.
[0058] FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating an example process 200 of communication based on an energy status of an A-IoT device according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 200 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The process 200 may involve the A-IoT device 130 and a communication device such as the terminal device 110, the access network device 120 or the core network device 140 as illustrated in FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 2 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. For example, the order of the steps may be changed. Some of the steps may be omitted or any other suitable additional steps may be added.
[0059] As shown in FIG. 2, the A-IoT device 130 may determine 210 whether an energy status of the A-IoT device 130 fulfills a condition. In some embodiments, the energy status may comprise information of energy storage such as remaining energy. In some embodiments, the energy status may comprise information of energy harvesting. The energy harvesting may be associated with surrounding environment.
[0060] In some embodiments, the condition may comprise that energy storage is above an energy threshold. In other words, remaining energy may be no less than the energy threshold. In some embodiments, the condition may comprise that operating time supported by the energy storage is above a time threshold. In other words, remaining operating time which can be supported by the energy storage may be no less than the time threshold.
[0061] In some embodiments, the condition may comprise that harvesting power is above a power threshold. In some embodiments, the condition may comprise that energy harvesting rate is above a rate threshold. In some embodiments, the condition may comprise that energy harvesting efficiency is above an efficiency threshold.
[0062] In the context of the present disclosure, the term “above” herein may be interchangeably used with “higher than or equal to” or “greater than or equal to” and the term “below” herein may be interchangeably used with “lower than or equal to” or “smaller than or equal to” .
[0063] Continuing to refer to FIG. 2, upon determination that the energy status fulfills the condition, the A-IoT device 130 performs 220 a procedure for a communication between the A-IoT device 130 and the communication device.
[0064] In some embodiments, the procedure may comprise an access to the communication device. With reference to FIG. 2, the A-IoT device 130 may determine 221 that the access to the communication device is not completed. In this case, if the energy status of the A-IoT device 130 fulfills the condition, the A-IoT device 130 may initiate 222 a further access attempt.
[0065] In some embodiments, if the energy status of the A-IoT device 130 does not fulfill the condition, the A-IoT device 130 may consider that the access to the communication device is unsuccessfully completed. In some embodiments, if the energy status of the A-IoT device 130 does not fulfill the condition, the A-IoT device 130 may indicate a problem of the access to upper layers of the A-IoT device 130.
[0066] In some embodiments, if the energy status of the A-IoT device 130 does not fulfill the condition, the A-IoT device 130 may set a failure report with a cause of an energy problem. In some embodiments, if the energy status of the A-IoT device 130 does not fulfill the condition, the A-IoT device 130 may log information of the energy status. In some embodiments, if the energy status of the A-IoT device 130 does not fulfill the condition, the A-IoT device 130 may log information of the number of access attempts before the energy problem.
[0067] In some embodiments, the information of the energy status may comprise capability of the A-IoT device 130 on energy storage or energy harvesting. In some embodiments, the capability information may comprise energy storage capability. In some embodiments, the capability information may comprise a type of an ambient power source supported by the A-IoT device 130. For example, radio frequency (RF) energy, solar energy, solar light, thermal energy or mechanical energy including electromagnetic / electrostatic / piezoelectric energy. In some embodiments, the capability information may comprise a radio wave frequency range supported by the A-IoT device 130, for example, radio waves ranging from 3kHz to 300GHz. In some embodiments, the capability information may comprise a type of a converter supported by the A-IoT device 130, for example, a single-stage or multistage converter. In some embodiments, the capability information may comprise conversion efficiency supported by the A-IoT device 130. For example, the conversion efficiency may be for a typical band, a typical input power, a typical input power range, or a typical source type. In some embodiments, the capability information may comprise storage capability of the A-IoT device 130, for example, a battery type or a maximum storage capacity.
[0068] In some embodiments, the capability information may comprise energy harvesting capability. In some embodiments, the capability information may comprise average charging time. In some embodiments, the capability information may comprise recharging time for recovery from a low energy storage status. For example, the low energy storage status may be predefined. In some embodiments, the capability information may comprise recharging time for a predetermined energy storage status, for example, average / minimum / maximum recharging time for fully / x%charged status. In some embodiments, the energy storage capability or the energy harvesting capability may also be presented by a level, a grade, a mode or a class, associating to one or more typical capability parameters. It is to be understood that any combination of the above capability information may be also feasible.
[0069] In some embodiments, the information of the energy status may comprise information of energy storage of the A-IoT device 130. In some embodiments, the information of energy storage may comprise energy storage of the A-IoT device 130, for example, by energy unit, J or mA / h. In some embodiments, the information of energy storage may comprise operating time or data volume supported by the energy storage of the A-IoT device 130. This may be an estimation under a typical operating mode (e.g., typical transmitting power / receiving power / traffic density) or operating environment, and the communication device may deduce the energy status by this estimation time or data volume. It is to be understood that any combination of the above information of energy storage may be also feasible.
[0070] In some embodiments, the information of the energy status may comprise information of energy harvesting of the A-IoT device 130. In some embodiments, the information of energy harvesting may comprise average charging time. In some embodiments, the information of energy harvesting may comprise recharging time for recovery from a low energy storage status, for example, the low energy storage status may be predefined. In some embodiments, the information of energy harvesting may comprise recharging time for a predetermined energy storage status, for example, average / minimum / maximum recharging time for fully / x%charged status. In some embodiments, the information of energy harvesting may comprise energy harvesting power, energy harvesting rate, energy harvesting efficiency, for example, with current antenna gain and RF-direct current (DC) conversion efficiency. Above information may relate to the environment, for example, a distance from an RF source. In some embodiments, the information of energy harvesting may further comprise at least one of: an expected periodicity of energy provision, for example, energy from RF source is expected to be provided on demand or periodically; information of a frequency on which energy harvesting is performed; or information of whether communication and energy harvesting can be performed simultaneously (or whether a scheduling needs to be stopped or not during energy harvesting) . It is to be understood that any combination of the above information of energy harvesting may be also feasible.
[0071] In some embodiments, the information of the energy status may comprise a preference on an operating mode of the A-IoT device 130. In some embodiments, the preference on the operating mode may comprise a preference on a connection state during energy harvesting. For example, the preference on the connection state during energy harvesting may comprise a connection state with high energy consumption or a connection state with low energy consumption. In some embodiments, the preference on the operating mode may comprise a preference on an energy harvesting mode. For example, the preference on the energy harvesting mode may comprise a fast recovery mode or a continuous harvesting mode. In another example, the preference on the energy harvesting mode may comprise energy recovery without gaps or energy recovery with gaps. In some embodiments, the preference on the operating mode may comprise a preference on an energy consumption operating mode. For example, the preference on the energy consumption operating mode may comprise a high energy consumption operating mode or a low energy consumption operating mode. In some embodiments, the energy status may also be presented by a level, a grade, a mode or a class, associating to one or more typical energy status information.
[0072] In the context of the present disclosure, the term “a high energy consumption operating mode” herein may be interchangeably used with “a less battery efficient operating mode” or “a connection state” . The term “a low energy consumption operating mode” herein may be interchangeably used with “a more battery efficient operating mode” or “an idle state” .
[0073] In some embodiments, if the energy status of the A-IoT device 130 does not fulfill the condition, the A-IoT device 130 may enter a low energy consumption operating mode. In some embodiments, if the energy status of the A-IoT device 130 does not fulfill the condition, the A-IoT device 130 may leave a high energy consumption operating mode. In these cases, a further access attempt may be initiated by the upper layers of the A-IoT device 130.
[0074] For illustration, an example procedure may be described as below.
[0075] If an access procedure is not completed (i.e., TRANSMISSION_COUNTER < TransMax +1, or access attempts have not reached the maximum attempts) ,
[0076] if energy conditions are fulfilled,
[0077] select a random backoff time according to a uniform distribution between 0 and BACKOFF_MAX,
[0078] perform an access resource selection procedure after a backoff time;
[0079] else (including at least one of following) :
[0080] indicate an access problem to upper layers;
[0081] consider the access procedure unsuccessfully completed;
[0082] set the corresponding RLF report content: set energy information to the current energy information value;
[0083] if UE declares radio link failure due to access problem indicating not fulfilled energy conditions,
[0084] set the RLF cause as access energy problem.
[0085] In this example, TRANSMISSION_COUNTER denotes a value of an access attempt counter, TransMax denotes the maximum attempts, and BACKOFF_MAX denotes a configured maximum backoff time.
[0086] By initiating next access attempt only if energy conditions are fulfilled, the A-IoT device 130 may be caused to have enough energy for further access attempts. By not initiating next access attempt if energy conditions are not fulfilled, the A-IoT device 130 may be ensured to have time to log some failure information, which may be used for system optimization.
[0087] In some embodiments, if the access to the communication device is not completed, the A-IoT device 130 may determine a backoff time based on at least one of a maximum backoff time configured for the A-IoT device 130 or a reference time. In some embodiments, if the access to the communication device is not completed and the energy status of the A-IoT device 130 does not fulfill the condition, the A-IoT device 130 may determine the backoff time based on the at least one of the maximum backoff time or the reference time.
[0088] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may receive information of the reference time from the communication device. In other words, the reference time may be configured by the communication device. In some embodiments, the communication device may configure different reference time values for different energy statuses. In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may determine the reference time based on information of the energy status of the A-IoT device 130. In other words, the reference time may take different values under different energy statuses. For example, the A-IoT device 130 may determine the reference time based on the minimum recharging time. It is to be understood that the reference time may be determined in any other suitable ways, and the present disclosure does not limit this aspect.
[0089] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may determine the backoff time between the maximum backoff time and the reference time. For example, the A-IoT device 130 may select the backoff time according to a uniform distribution between the maximum backoff time and the reference time.
[0090] For illustration, an example procedure may be described as below.
[0091] If an access procedure is not completed,
[0092] if the energy conditions are not fulfilled,
[0093] if X is not larger than BACKOFF_MAX,
[0094] select an access backoff time according to a uniform distribution between X and the BACKOFF_MAX,
[0095] else (BACKOFF_MAX < X) (or if BACKOFF_MAX = 0)
[0096] select X as the access backoff time.
[0097] In this example, X denotes reference time, and BACKOFF_MAX denotes a configured maximum backoff time.
[0098] For illustration, another example procedure may be described as below.
[0099] If an access procedure is not completed,
[0100] if the energy storage is within range 1 (threshold 0 <energy storage< threshold 1) , determine X1 as the reference time,
[0101] select an access backoff time according to a uniform distribution between X1 and the BACKOFF_MAX, or
[0102] select X1 as access backoff time;
[0103] if the energy storage is within range 2 (threshold 1 <energy storage< threshold 2) , determine X2 as the reference time,
[0104] select an access backoff time according to a uniform distribution between X2 and the BACKOFF_MAX, or
[0105] select X2 as access backoff time.
[0106] In this example, X1 denotes reference time in case the energy storage is within range 1, X2 denotes reference time in case the energy storage is within range 2, and BACKOFF_MAX denotes a configured maximum backoff time.
[0107] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may determine a first backoff time between the maximum backoff time and zero. For example, the A-IoT device 130 may select the first backoff time according to a uniform distribution between zero and the maximum backoff time. Based on the first backoff time and the reference time, the A-IoT device 130 may determine the backoff time. For example, the backoff time is equal to a sum of the first backoff time and the reference time.
[0108] By setting a backoff time based on an energy status, an A-IoT device may have more time for energy harvesting to ensure enough energy for further access attempts.
[0109] In some embodiments, the procedure for the communication between the A-IoT device 130 and the communication device may comprise a re-establishment of a connection between the A-IoT device 130 and the communication device. Continuing to refer to FIG. 2, the A-IoT device 130 may determine 223 that a link failure is detected for the communication. For example, the A-IoT device 130 may detect a link failure due to expiry of a timer (e.g., T310) for the link failure or access problem. It is to be understood that the link failure may be detected in any other suitable ways.
[0110] Upon detection of the link failure, if the energy status of the A-IoT device 130 fulfills the condition, the A-IoT device 130 may initiate 224 a procedure of re-establishing a connection between the A-IoT device 130 and the communication device. In some embodiments, if the energy status does not fulfill the condition, the A-IoT device 130 may not initiate a procedure of re-establishing a connection between the A-IoT device 130 and the communication device. In some embodiments, if the energy status does not fulfill the condition, the A-IoT device 130 may set a failure report with a cause of an energy problem. In some embodiments, if the energy status does not fulfill the condition, the A-IoT device 130 may enter a low energy consumption operating mode. In some embodiments, if the energy status does not fulfill the condition, the A-IoT device 130 may leave a high energy consumption operating mode.
[0111] In some embodiments, if the energy status does not fulfill the condition during the procedure of re-establishing the connection, the A-IoT device 130 may cease the procedure of re-establishing the connection. In some embodiments, if the energy status does not fulfill the condition during the procedure of re-establishing the connection, the A-IoT device 130 may enter a low energy consumption operating mode. In some embodiments, if the energy status does not fulfill the condition during the procedure of re-establishing the connection, the A-IoT device 130 may leave a high energy consumption operating mode. In some embodiments, if the energy status does not fulfill the condition during the procedure of re-establishing the connection, the A-IoT device 130 may set a failure report with a cause of an energy problem.
[0112] In some embodiments, a value of a time period configured for the procedure of re-establishing the connection is associated with the energy status. For example, different values of a timer (e.g., T311) for re-establishment may be applied based on different energy statuses. In some embodiments, the different values of the timer for re-establishment may be configured for the different energy statuses. In some embodiments, a value of the timer may be scaled with a scaling factor based on energy storage. For example, for 50%remaining energy storage, the value of the timer may be scaled with a scaling factor of 0.5.
[0113] In this way, by not initiating re-establishment or by ceasing re-establishment if energy conditions are not fulfilled, the A-IoT device 130 may be ensured to have time to log some failure information, which may be used for system optimization. Further, service continuity may be ensured.
[0114] In some embodiments, the procedure for the communication between the A-IoT device 130 and the communication device may comprise an A-IoT transmission for the communication. In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may transmit, to the communication device, a request for active time associated with the energy status, and receive an indication of the active time from the communication device. During the active time, the A-IoT device 130 is considered to be reachable and an A-IoT terminated traffic or an A-IoT originated traffic may be performed. During non-active time other than the active time, only the A-IoT originated traffic may be performed.
[0115] In this way, an A-IoT device may initiate an access, request for transmission occasions or indicate its availability to a communication device only when energy conditions are fulfilled. Thus, service continuity may be ensured.
[0116] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF REPORTING OF ENERGY STATUS
[0117] Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a solution of reporting an energy status of an A-IoT device. The solution will be described in connection with FIG. 3.
[0118] FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating an example process 300 of reporting an energy status of an A-IoT device based on an energy status of an A-IoT device according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 300 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The process 300 may involve the A-IoT device 130 and a communication device such as the terminal device 110, the access network device 120 or the core network device 140 as illustrated in FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 3 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. For example, the order of the steps may be changed. Some of the steps may be omitted or any other suitable additional steps may be added.
[0119] As shown in FIG. 3, the A-IoT device 130 may determine 310 an energy status of the A-IoT device 130. Upon determination of the energy status, the A-IoT device 130 may report 320 information of the energy status to a communication device. Other details of the information of the energy status are similar as that described in FIG. 2 and thus are not repeated here for conciseness.
[0120] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may periodically report the information of the energy status to the communication device. In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may report the information of the energy status to the communication device when capability of the A-IoT device 130 on energy storage or energy harvesting changes.
[0121] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may report, during an access to the communication device, the information of the energy status to the communication device. In some embodiments, the access to the communication device may be triggered by one or more events. In some embodiments, the events may comprise at least one of the following: an initial access from an idle state; a radio resource control (RRC) connection re-establishment procedure; downlink (DL) or uplink (UL) data arrival, during a connected state or during an inactive state while a small data transmission (SDT) procedure is ongoing, when UL synchronization status is "non-synchronized" ; UL data arrival, during a connected state or during an inactive state while an SDT procedure is ongoing, when there are no physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources for scheduling request (SR) available; an SR failure; a request by RRC upon synchronous reconfiguration (e.g., handover) ; an RRC connection resume procedure from an inactive state; establishing time alignment for a secondary timing advance group (TAG) ; for other system information (SI) ; beam failure recovery; consistent UL listen before talk (LBT) failure on special cell (SpCell) ; a SDT in an inactive state; positioning purpose during a connected state requiring a random access procedure, e.g., when TA is needed for UE positioning.
[0122] In some embodiments, if the access to the communication device is initiated under a predetermined energy storage status, the A-IoT device 130 may report the information of the energy status to the communication device. For example, the access to the communication device may be initiated under a low energy storage status. In some embodiments, if the access to the communication device is an initial access during registration, the A-IoT device 130 may report the information of the energy status to the communication device. In some embodiments, the registration may be initiated periodically. In some embodiments, the registration may be initiated upon mobility. In some embodiments, the registration may be initiated to update the A-IoT device 130’s capabilities.
[0123] In some embodiments, if energy harvesting of the A-IoT device 130 fulfills a first condition, the A-IoT device 130 may report the information of the energy status to the communication device. In some embodiments, the first condition may comprise an energy harvesting rate of the A-IoT device 130 is or becomes above a first rate threshold. For example, the first rate threshold may be zero or any other suitable values in percentage. In some embodiments, the first condition may comprise an energy harvesting rate of the A-IoT device 130 is changed by a second rate threshold. For example, the second rate threshold may be zero or any other suitable values in percentage. In some embodiments, the first condition may comprise energy harvesting efficiency of the A-IoT device 130 is or becomes above a first efficiency threshold. In some embodiments, the first condition may comprise energy harvesting efficiency of the A-IoT device 130 is changed by a second efficiency threshold.
[0124] In some embodiments, the first condition may comprise a condition of entering a predetermined energy harvesting status is fulfilled for a period of time. In some embodiments, if a sum of energy harvesting efficiency and a first offset parameter is below a third efficiency threshold, the A-IoT device 130 may determine that the condition of entering the predetermined energy harvesting status is fulfilled. For example, the first offset parameter may comprise a first hysteresis parameter.
[0125] In some embodiments, the first condition may comprise a condition of leaving the predetermined energy harvesting status is fulfilled for a period of time. In some embodiments, if a sum of the energy harvesting efficiency and a second offset parameter is above a fourth efficiency threshold, the A-IoT device 130 may determine that the condition of leaving the predetermined energy harvesting status is fulfilled. For example, the second offset parameter may comprise a second hysteresis parameter.
[0126] In some embodiments, if energy storage of the A-IoT device 130 fulfills a second condition, the A-IoT device 130 may report the information of the energy status to the communication device. In some embodiments, the second condition may comprise at least one of the following: energy storage is above a first energy threshold; energy storage is changed by a second energy threshold; a condition of entering a predetermined energy storage status is fulfilled for a period of time; or a condition of leaving the predetermined energy storage status is fulfilled for a period of time. In some embodiments, if a sum of the energy storage and a third offset parameter is below a third energy threshold, the A-IoT device 130 may determine that the condition of entering the predetermined energy storage status is fulfilled. For example, the third offset parameter may comprise a third hysteresis parameter. In some embodiments, if a sum of the energy storage and a fourth offset parameter is above a fourth energy threshold, the A-IoT device 130 may determine that the condition of leaving the predetermined energy storage status is fulfilled. For example, the fourth offset parameter may comprise a fourth hysteresis parameter. It is to be understood that the first, second, third or fourth energy threshold may be set according to a configuration by the communication device or the latest reporting.
[0127] In some embodiments, the information of the energy status may be reported via Msg5 (e.g., an RRC connection setup complete message, an RRC connection resume complete message, an RRC re-establishment complete message, or an RRC connection reconfiguration complete message) in a 4-step random access procedure. In some embodiments, the information of the energy status may be reported via Msg3 in a 2-step random access procedure. In some embodiments, the information of the energy status may be reported via a medium access control control element (MAC CE) . In some embodiments, the information of the energy status may be reported via an RRC signaling (e.g., UE assistance information) .
[0128] Continuing to refer to FIG. 3, in some embodiments, upon reporting of the information of the energy status, the A-IoT device 130 may drop 330 a set of services (or traffic) or channels or packets. For example, the A-IoT device 130 may drop some services or channels or packets according to priority information such as a quality of service (QoS) parameter or a logical channel (LCH) priority.
[0129] Continuing to refer to FIG. 3, in some embodiments, upon reporting of the information of the energy status, the A-IoT device 130 may switch 340 from a first operating mode to a second operating mode, i.e., from one operating mode to another operating mode. For example, the A-IoT device 130 may switch from a low energy consumption operating mode to a high energy consumption operating mode. In another example, the A-IoT device 130 may switch from a high energy consumption operating mode to a low energy consumption operating mode.
[0130] Continuing to refer to FIG. 3, in some embodiments, if the information of the energy status is reported, the A-IoT device 130 may start 350 a timer (e.g., a prohibit timer) . During running of the timer, the A-IoT device 130 may not transmit further information of the energy status. That is, the information of the energy status may only be transmitted when the timer is not running. In this way, consecutive reporting of the information of the energy status may not be triggered in a time period, and associated signaling overhead may be avoided.
[0131] Continuing to refer to FIG. 3, in some embodiments where the information of the energy status comprises a preference on an energy consumption operating mode, if no indication of entering the energy consumption operating mode is received from the communication device within a period of time since reporting of the preference, the A-IoT device 130 may enter 360 the preferred energy consumption operating mode. In some embodiments, if the A-IoT device 130 is not explicitly released by the communication device within a configured time period, the A-IoT device 130 may leave a connected state. In some embodiments, the above behavior may only be allowed upon being enabled by the communication device.
[0132] Continuing to refer to FIG. 3, in some embodiments, upon reception of the information of the energy status, the communication device may manage 370 energy consuming (i.e., used for communication) and energy harvesting of the A-IoT device 130. For example, the communication device may balance the energy consuming and the energy harvesting, and manage energy resource or assign energy harvesting occasions. In some embodiments, upon reception of a preference on a connection state or a preference on energy recovery with gaps, the communication device may assign energy harvesting occasions for the A-IoT device 130. In some embodiments, upon reception of a preference on a fast recovery mode, the communication device may move the A-IoT device 130 to an idle state and assign more energy harvesting occasions for the A-IoT device 130.
[0133] In this way, an A-IoT device may report an energy status, e.g., report a low energy status for connection management purpose. Upon being in low energy status, an A-IoT device may stop further access attempts or a recovery behavior to avoid that the A-IoT device unexpectedly shuts down due to energy exhaustion. A communication node may manage a connection or charging of an A-IoT device according to the reported energy status of the A-IoT device.
[0134] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF DETERMINATION OF ENERGY STATUS
[0135] Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a solution of determining an energy status of an A-IoT device. In the solution, the A-IoT device 130 may determine a set of monitoring results in a set of time windows for monitoring the energy status. For example, the set of windows may comprise the current one window or the latest N windows, where N is a positive integer. In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 evaluate the quantitative relation between the harvested energy and consumed energy to determine the energy status.
[0136] In some embodiments, the set of time windows may be configured by the communication device. In some embodiments, the set of monitoring results may indicate whether consumed energy is below harvested energy. In some embodiments, the set of monitoring results may indicate consumed energy is below or above harvested energy by a threshold.
[0137] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may determine the energy status based on a ratio between monitoring results indicating that consumed energy is below harvested energy and monitoring results indicating that the consumed energy is above the harvested energy in the set of monitoring results. In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may determine the energy status in one window based on a ratio between monitoring results indicating that consumed energy is below harvested energy and monitoring results indicating that the consumed energy is above the harvested energy in the set of monitoring results. In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may further determine the energy status based on the determined energy status of multiple windows.
[0138] FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram 400 illustrating an example determination of an energy status of an A-IoT device according to embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown by reference sign 410 in FIG. 4, time windows 411, 412 and 413 are configured for monitoring of the energy status of the A-IoT device 130. Multiple monitoring results may be obtained in any of the time windows 411, 412 and 413. The monitoring results indicates whether consumed energy is below harvested energy. In other words, the monitoring results may indicate whether the consumed energy is smaller than, equal to, or greater than the harvested energy.
[0139] It is assumed that most of the monitoring results in the time window 411 indicate that the consumed energy is smaller than the harvested energy. In this case, it is considered that the consumed energy is smaller than the harvested energy in the time window 411. That is, the remaining energy is increasing in the time window 411.
[0140] It is assumed that most of the monitoring results in the time window 412 indicate that the consumed energy is greater than the harvested energy. In this case, it is considered that the consumed energy is greater than the harvested energy in the time window 412. That is, the remaining energy is decreasing in the time window 412.
[0141] It is assumed that most of the monitoring results in the time window 413 indicate that the consumed energy is equal to the harvested energy. In this case, it is considered that the consumed energy is equal to the harvested energy in the time window 413. That is, the energy is maintained in the time window 413.
[0142] Based on the determined energy status, the A-IoT device 130 may determine an operating mode. In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may determine whether to change the current operating mode. In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may switch to a predefined operating mode, such as a high energy consumption operating mode or a low energy consumption operating mode. In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may report the monitoring results or the determined energy status to the communication device.
[0143] As shown by reference sign 420 in FIG. 4, upon determination that the remaining energy is increasing in a time window 421, the A-IoT device 130 may switch to a high energy consumption operating mode after the time window 421. Upon determination that the energy is remained at a time window 422, the A-IoT device 130 may remain in the high energy consumption operating mode after the time window 422. Upon determination that the remaining energy is decreasing at a time window 423, the A-IoT device 130 may switch to a low energy consumption operating mode after the time window 423.
[0144] In some embodiments, different operating modes may be defined to support at least one of the following functions: public land mobile network (PLMN) selection; read and keep validity of system information; cell re-selection mobility; paging for mobile terminated data initiated by the fifth generation core network (5GC) ; discontinuous reception (DRX) for core network (CN) / random access network (RAN) paging reception; paging initiated by next generation-random access network (NG-RAN) (RAN paging) ; 5GC -NG-RAN connection (both a control plane and a user plane) established for an A-IoT device; transfer of unicast data to / from UE; or network controlled mobility including measurements.
[0145] In some embodiments, the high energy consumption operating mode may support more functions, and the low energy consumption operating mode may support less functions.
[0146] It is to be understood that the solution of determination of the energy status may be carried out separately, and may also applied in any of the processes 200 and 300. The present disclosure does not limit this aspect.
[0147] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF ENERGY HARVESTING
[0148] Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a solution of energy harvesting of an A-IoT device. The solution will be described in connection with FIGs. 5 and 6.
[0149] FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating an example process 500 of energy harvesting of an A-IoT device according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 500 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The process 500 may involve the A-IoT device 130 and a communication device such as the terminal device 110, the access network device 120 or the core network device 140 as illustrated in FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 5 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. For example, the order of the steps may be changed. Some of the steps may be omitted or any other suitable additional steps may be added.
[0150] As shown in FIG. 5, the A-IoT device 130 may transmit 510, to the communication device, a request for one or more occasions for energy harvesting. In some embodiments, the request may comprise an energy status of the A-IoT device 130. For example, the A-IoT device 130 may transmit the request by reporting the information of the energy status as described in connection with the process 200 or 300.
[0151] In some embodiments, the request may comprise a time offset to the energy harvesting of the A-IoT device 130. In other words, the A-IoT device 130 may indicate that an energy harvesting occasion is expected to be started after the time offset.
[0152] Based on the request, the communication device may assign the one or more occasions for the A-IoT device 130, e.g., via a dedicated signaling or a broadcast signaling. Alternatively, the communication device may assign the one or more occasions for energy harvesting without the request.
[0153] With reference to FIG. 5, the A-IoT device 130 may receive 520, from the communication device, information of one or more occasions for energy harvesting. In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may receive 521 a configuration indicating the one or more occasions from the communication device such as the access network device 120. Based on the configuration, the A-IoT device 130 may obtain the information of the one or more occasions.
[0154] In some embodiments, the configuration may indicate periodic occasions. In some embodiments, the configuration may indicate a length of an occasion for energy harvesting, a starting position of the occasion during a time period, a repetition period of the occasion.
[0155] In some embodiments, the configuration may indicate aperiodic occasions. In some embodiments, the configuration may indicate a length of an occasion for energy harvesting, and a starting position of the occasion during a time period. In some embodiments for the starting position, the configuration may indicate at least one of a starting system frame number (SFN) or a starting subframe. In some embodiments for the starting position, the configuration may indicate a time offset to reception of the configuration. In some embodiments for the starting position, the configuration may indicate a starting time stamp.
[0156] For illustration, an example configuration may be described as below.
[0157] GapConfigToAddModList : : = SEQUENCE (SIZE (1.. maxNrofGapId) ) OF GapConfig
[0158] GapConfigToReleaseList : : = SEQUENCE (SIZE (1.. maxNrofGapId) ) OF GapConfigId
[0159] In this example, an information element (IE) “GapConfig” indicates a configuration for occasions for energy harvesting, an IE “gapLength” indicates a length of an occasion, an IE “gapRepetitionAndOffset” indicates a repetition period of the occasion, an IE “starting-SFN-AndSubframe” indicates a starting position of the occasion, an IE “starting-SFN” indicates a starting SFN, and an IE “startingSubframe” indicates a starting subframe.
[0160] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may receive 522 a configuration indicating a set of occasions from the communication device such as the access network device 120, for example, via a broadcast signaling. In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may receive the configuration via a dedicated signaling or broadcasting. In some embodiments, the set of occasions may be periodical. Further, the A-IoT device 130 may receive 523, from the communication device, an indication for activating the one or more occasions in the set of occasions. In some embodiments, the indication may indicate an identity of each of the one or more occasions. In some embodiments, the indication may indicate the next N occasions. In some embodiments, N may be configurable. For example, N may be configured based on average recharging time. In some embodiments, the indication may indicate starting from the next occasion until completion of recharging or reporting of completion of energy harvesting.
[0161] FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic diagram 600 illustrating example energy harvesting behaviors according to embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown by reference sign 610 in FIG. 6, occasions O1, O2 and O3 are preconfigured for energy harvesting. An indication of the occasion O2 is received at a timing A. Then a charging (i.e., energy harvesting) may be performed at the occasion O2.
[0162] In some embodiments, the access network device 120 may broadcast a configuration indicating the one or more occasions for energy harvesting of the A-IoT device 130. The terminal device 110 may read the broadcasting information and indicate 524 the A-IoT device 130 to perform the energy harvesting at the set of occasions. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may transmit an indication comprising a time offset. The A-IoT device 130 may start performing energy harvesting at the time offset to reception of the indication. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may transmit an indication comprising a starting subframe. The A-IoT device 130 may start performing energy harvesting at the starting subframe in a frame nearest to a frame in which the indication is received.
[0163] With reference to FIG. 6, as shown by reference sign 620, occasions O1, O2 and O3 are preconfigured for energy harvesting. The terminal device 110 may indicate the A-IoT device 130 to perform a charging at these occasions. For example, for the occasion O2, the terminal device 110 transmits, to the A-IoT device 130 at a timing B, an indication indicating a time offset T. Then a charging (i.e., energy harvesting) may be performed at the time offset T after the timing B.
[0164] Returning to FIG. 5, upon determination of the one or more occasions, the A-IoT device 130 may perform 530 the energy harvesting on the one or more occasions.
[0165] In this way, energy harvesting of an A-IoT device may be managed.
[0166] It is to be understood that operations as described with reference to FIGs. 2 to 6 may be carried out separately or in any suitable combinations. The present disclosure does not limit this aspect.
[0167] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF METHODS
[0168] Corresponding to the above processes, embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods of communication implemented at an A-IoT device and at a communication device. These methods will be described below with reference to FIGs. 7 to 10.
[0169] FIG. 7 illustrates an example method 700 of communication implemented at an A-IoT device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 700 may be performed at the A-IoT device 130 as shown in FIG. 1. For the purpose of discussion, in the following, the method 700 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the method 700 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0170] At block 710, the A-IoT device 130 determines that an energy status of the A-IoT device 130 fulfills a condition.
[0171] In some embodiments, the condition may comprise at least one of the following: energy storage is above an energy threshold; operating time supported by the energy storage is above a time threshold; harvesting power is above a power threshold; energy harvesting rate is above a rate threshold; or energy harvesting efficiency is above an efficiency threshold.
[0172] At block 720, the A-IoT device 130 performs a procedure for a communication between the A-IoT device 130 and a communication device. In some embodiments, the communication device may comprise at least one of the following: a terminal device (e.g., the terminal device 110) , an access network device (e.g., the access network device 120) , or a core network device (e.g., the core network device 140) .
[0173] In some embodiments, the procedure may comprise an access to the communication device. In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may determine that the access to the communication device is not completed. If the energy status of the A-IoT device fulfills the condition, the A-IoT device 130 may initiate a further access attempt. In some embodiments, if the energy status of the A-IoT device does not fulfill the condition, the A-IoT device 130 may perform an operation comprising at least one of the following: considering that the access to the communication device is unsuccessfully completed; indicating a problem of the access to upper layers of the A-IoT device; setting a failure report with a cause of an energy problem; logging information of the energy status; entering a low energy consumption operating mode; or leaving a high energy consumption operating mode.
[0174] In some embodiments where the procedure comprises an access to the communication device, if the access to the communication device is not completed, the A-IoT device 130 may determine a backoff time based on at least one of a maximum backoff time configured for the A-IoT device or a reference time. In some embodiments, if the access to the communication device is not completed and the energy status does not fulfill the condition, the A-IoT device 130 may determine the backoff time based on the at least one of the maximum backoff time or the reference time.
[0175] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may determine the backoff time between the maximum backoff time and the reference time. In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may determine a first backoff time between the maximum backoff time and zero, and determine the backoff time based on the first backoff time and the reference time.
[0176] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may receive information of the reference time from the communication device. In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may determine the reference time based on information of the energy status of the A-IoT device 130.
[0177] In some embodiments, the procedure may comprise a re-establishment of a connection between the A-IoT device and the communication device the A-IoT device 130. In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may determine that a link failure is detected for the communication. If the energy status fulfills the condition, the A-IoT device 130 may initiate a procedure of re-establishing a connection between the A-IoT device 130 and the communication device. In some embodiments, if the energy status does not fulfill the condition, the A-IoT device 130 may perform an operation comprising at least one of the following: setting a failure report with a cause of an energy problem; entering a low energy consumption operating mode; or leaving a high energy consumption operating mode.
[0178] In some embodiments, if the energy status does not fulfill the condition during the procedure of re-establishing the connection, the A-IoT device 130 may perform an operation comprising at least one of the following: ceasing the procedure of re-establishing the connection; entering a low energy consumption operating mode; leaving a high energy consumption operating mode; or setting a failure report with a cause of an energy problem.
[0179] In some embodiments, a value of a time period configured for the procedure of re-establishing the connection is associated with the energy status.
[0180] With the method 700, an A-IoT device performs a communication only when an energy status fulfills a condition, and thus service continuity may be ensured.
[0181] FIG. 8 illustrates an example method 800 of communication implemented at an A-IoT device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 800 may be performed at the A-IoT device 130 as shown in FIG. 1. For the purpose of discussion, in the following, the method 800 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the method 800 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0182] At block 810, the A-IoT device 130 determines an energy status of the A-IoT device 130.
[0183] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may determine the energy status by: determining a set of monitoring results in a set of time windows for monitoring the energy status, the set of monitoring results indicating whether consumed energy is below harvested energy; and determining the energy status based on a ratio between monitoring results indicating that consumed energy is below harvested energy and monitoring results indicating that the consumed energy is above the harvested energy in the set of monitoring results.
[0184] At block 820, the A-IoT device 130 reports information of the energy status to a communication device. In some embodiments, the communication device may comprise at least one of the following: a terminal device (e.g., the terminal device 110) , an access network device (e.g., the access network device 120) , or a core network device (e.g., the core network device 140) .
[0185] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may periodically report the information of the energy status to the communication device. In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may report, during an access to the communication device, the information of the energy status to the communication device. In some embodiments, if energy harvesting of the A-IoT device 130 fulfills a first condition, the A-IoT device 130 may report the information of the energy status to the communication device. In some embodiments, if energy storage of the A-IoT device 130 fulfills a second condition, the A-IoT device 130 may report the information of the energy status to the communication device.
[0186] In some embodiments, the first condition may comprise at least one of the following: an energy harvesting rate of the A-IoT device 130 is above a first rate threshold; the energy harvesting rate of the A-IoT device 130 is changed by a second rate threshold; energy harvesting efficiency of the A-IoT device 130 is above a first efficiency threshold; the energy harvesting efficiency of the A-IoT device 130 is changed by a second efficiency threshold; a condition of entering a predetermined energy harvesting status is fulfilled for a period of time; or a condition of leaving the predetermined energy harvesting status is fulfilled for a period of time. In some embodiments, if a sum of energy harvesting efficiency and a first offset parameter is below a third efficiency threshold, the A-IoT device 130 may determine that the condition of entering the predetermined energy harvesting status is fulfilled. For example, the first offset parameter may comprise a first hysteresis parameter. In some embodiments, if a sum of the energy harvesting efficiency and a second offset parameter is above a fourth efficiency threshold, the A-IoT device 130 may determine that the condition of leaving the predetermined energy harvesting status is fulfilled. For example, the second offset parameter may comprise a second hysteresis parameter.
[0187] In some embodiments, the second condition may comprise at least one of the following: the energy storage is above a first energy threshold; the energy storage is changed by a second energy threshold; a condition of entering a predetermined energy storage status is fulfilled for a period of time; or a condition of leaving the predetermined energy storage status is fulfilled for a period of time. In some embodiments, if a sum of the energy storage and a third offset parameter is below a third energy threshold, the A-IoT device 130 may determine that the condition of entering the predetermined energy storage status is fulfilled. For example, the third offset parameter may comprise a third hysteresis parameter. In some embodiments, if a sum of the energy storage and a fourth offset parameter is above a fourth energy threshold, the A-IoT device 130 may determine that the condition of leaving the predetermined energy storage status is fulfilled. For example, the fourth offset parameter may comprise a fourth hysteresis parameter.
[0188] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may drop a set of services or channels or packets. In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may switch from a first operating mode to a second operating mode.
[0189] In some embodiments, the information of the energy status may comprise at least one of the following: a type of an ambient power source supported by the A-IoT device 130; a radio wave frequency range supported by the A-IoT device 130; a type of a converter supported by the A-IoT device 130; conversion efficiency supported by the A-IoT device 130; storage capability of the A-IoT device 130; average charging time; recharging time for recovery from a low energy storage status; recharging time for a predetermined energy storage status; energy storage of the A-IoT device 130; operating time supported by the energy storage of the A-IoT device 130; receiving power of the A-IoT device 130; energy harvesting rate; energy harvesting efficiency; an expected periodicity of energy provision; information of a frequency on which energy harvesting is performed; information of whether communication and energy harvesting can be performed simultaneously; or a preference on an operating mode of the A-IoT device 130. In some embodiments, the preference on the operating mode may comprise at least one of the following: a preference on a connection state during energy harvesting; a preference on an energy harvesting mode; or a preference on an energy consumption operating mode.
[0190] In some embodiments, if the information of the energy status is reported, the A-IoT device 130 may start a timer. In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may transmit no further information of the energy status during running of the timer.
[0191] In some embodiments where the information of the energy status comprises a preference on an energy consumption operating mode, if no indication of entering the energy consumption operating mode is received from the communication device within a period of time since reporting of the preference, the A-IoT device 130 may enter the energy consumption operating mode.
[0192] With the method 800, an energy status of an A-IoT device may be reported to a network, and network management on a connection or charging of an A-IoT device may be facilitated.
[0193] FIG. 9 illustrates an example method 900 of communication implemented at an A-IoT device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 900 may be performed at the A-IoT device 130 as shown in FIG. 1. For the purpose of discussion, in the following, the method 900 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the method 900 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0194] At block 910, the A-IoT device 130 receives, from a communication device, information of one or more occasions for energy harvesting. In some embodiments, the communication device may comprise at least one of the following: a terminal device (e.g., the terminal device 110) , an access network device (e.g., the access network device 120) , or a core network device (e.g., the core network device 140) .
[0195] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may transmit, to the communication device, a request for the one or more occasions. In some embodiments, the request may comprise at least one of the following: an energy status of the A-IoT device 130; or a time offset to the energy harvesting of the A-IoT device 130.
[0196] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device 130 may receive, from the communication device, a configuration indicating a set of occasions for the energy harvesting, and receive, from the communication device, an indication for activating the one or more occasions in the set of occasions.
[0197] At block 920, the A-IoT device 130 performs the energy harvesting on the one or more occasions.
[0198] With the method 900, energy harvesting of an A-IoT device may be managed.
[0199] FIG. 10 illustrates an example method 1000 of communication implemented at a communication device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 1000 may be performed at the terminal device 110, the access network device 120 or the core network device 140 as shown in FIG. 1. For the purpose of discussion, in the following, the method 1000 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the method 1000 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0200] At block 1010, the communication device performs at least one of the following: receiving, from an A-IoT device (e.g., the A-IoT device 130) , information of an energy status of the A-IoT device; or transmitting, to the A-IoT device, information of one or more occasions for energy harvesting.
[0201] In some embodiments, the information of the energy status may comprise at least one of the following: a type of an ambient power source supported by the A-IoT device; a radio wave frequency range supported by the A-IoT device; a type of a converter supported by the A-IoT device; conversion efficiency supported by the A-IoT device; storage capability of the A-IoT device; average charging time; recharging time for recovery from a low energy storage status; recharging time for a predetermined energy storage status; energy storage of the A-IoT device; operating time supported by the energy storage of the A-IoT device; receiving power of the A-IoT device; energy harvesting rate; energy harvesting efficiency; an expected periodicity of energy provision; information of a frequency on which energy harvesting is performed; information of whether communication and energy harvesting can be performed simultaneously; or a preference on an operating mode of the A-IoT device.
[0202] In some embodiments, the preference on the operating mode may comprise at least one of the following: a preference on a connection state during energy harvesting; a preference on an energy harvesting mode; or a preference on an energy consumption operating mode.
[0203] In some embodiments, the communication device may receive, from the A-IoT device, a request for the one or more occasions. In some embodiments, the request may comprise at least one of the following: an energy status of the A-IoT device; or a time offset to the energy harvesting of the A-IoT device.
[0204] In some embodiments, the communication device may transmit, to the A-IoT device, a configuration indicating a set of occasions for the energy harvesting. In some embodiments, the communication device may transmit, to the A-IoT device, an indication for activating the one or more occasions in the set of occasions.
[0205] In some embodiments, the communication device may comprise at least one of the following: a terminal device; an access network device; or a core network device.
[0206] With the method 1000, energy management of an A-IoT device may be carried out.
[0207] It is to be understood that operations of the methods 700, 800, 900 and 1000 correspond to that described with reference to FIGs. 2 to 6, and thus other details are not repeated here for conciseness.
[0208] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF DEVICES
[0209] FIG. 11 is a simplified block diagram of a device 1100 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1100 can be considered as a further example implementation of the terminal device 110 or the access network device 120 or the A-IoT device 130 or the core network device 140 as shown in FIG. 1. Accordingly, the device 1100 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the terminal device 110 or the access network device 120 or the A-IoT device 130 or the core network device 140.
[0210] As shown, the device 1100 includes a processor 1110, a memory 1120 coupled to the processor 1110, a suitable transceiver 1140 coupled to the processor 1110, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 1140. The memory 1110 stores at least a part of a program 1130. The transceiver 1140 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 1140 may include at least one of a transmitter 1142 or a receiver 1144. The transmitter 1142 and the receiver 1144 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 1140 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a Mobility Management Entity (MME) / Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0211] The program 1130 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 1110, enable the device 1100 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGs. 1 to 10. The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 1110 of the device 1100, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 1110 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 1110 and memory 1120 may form processing means 1150 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0212] The memory 1120 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 1120 is shown in the device 1100, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 1100. The processor 1110 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 1100 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0213] In some embodiments, an A-IoT device comprises a circuitry configured to: determine that an energy status of the A-IoT device fulfills a condition; and perform a procedure for a communication between the A-IoT device and a communication device.
[0214] In some embodiments, an A-IoT device comprises a circuitry configured to: determine an energy status of the A-IoT device; and report information of the energy status to a communication device by at least one of the following: periodically reporting the information of the energy status to the communication device; reporting, during an access to the communication device, the information of the energy status to the communication device; in accordance with a determination that energy harvesting of the A-IoT device fulfills a first condition, reporting the information of the energy status to the communication device; or in accordance with a determination that energy storage of the A-IoT device fulfills a second condition, reporting the information of the energy status to the communication device.
[0215] In some embodiments, an A-IoT device comprises a circuitry configured to: receive, from a communication device, information of one or more occasions for energy harvesting; and perform the energy harvesting on the one or more occasions.
[0216] In some embodiments, a communication device comprises a circuitry configured to at least one of the following: receive, from an A-IoT device, information of an energy status of the A-IoT device; or transmit, to the A-IoT device, information of one or more occasions for energy harvesting.
[0217] The term “circuitry” used herein may refer to hardware circuits and / or combinations of hardware circuits and software. For example, the circuitry may be a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware. As a further example, the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions. In a still further example, the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software / firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. As used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware.
[0218] In summary, embodiments of the present disclosure provide the following solutions.
[0219] In one solution, an ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) device comprises a processor configured to cause the A-IoT device to: determine that an energy status of the A-IoT device fulfills a condition; and perform a procedure for a communication between the A-IoT device and a communication device.
[0220] In some embodiments, the condition comprises at least one of the following: energy storage is above an energy threshold; operating time supported by the energy storage is above a time threshold; harvesting power is above a power threshold; energy harvesting rate is above a rate threshold; or energy harvesting efficiency is above an efficiency threshold.
[0221] In some embodiments, the procedure comprises an access to the communication device, and the A-IoT device is further caused to: determine that the access to the communication device is not completed; and in accordance with a determination that the energy status of the A-IoT device fulfills the condition, initiate a further access attempt.
[0222] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device is further caused to: in accordance with a determination that the energy status of the A-IoT device does not fulfill the condition, perform an operation comprising at least one of the following: considering that the access to the communication device is unsuccessfully completed; indicating a problem of the access to upper layers of the A-IoT device; setting a failure report with a cause of an energy problem; logging information of the energy status; entering a low energy consumption operating mode; or leaving a high energy consumption operating mode.
[0223] In some embodiments, the procedure comprises an access to the communication device, and the A-IoT device is further caused to: in accordance with a determination that the access to the communication device is not completed, determine a backoff time based on at least one of a maximum backoff time configured for the A-IoT device or a reference time; or in accordance with a determination that the access to the communication device is not completed and the energy status does not fulfill the condition, determine the backoff time based on the at least one of the maximum backoff time or the reference time.
[0224] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device is caused to determine the backoff time by: determining the backoff time between the maximum backoff time and the reference time.
[0225] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device is caused to determine the backoff time by: determining a first backoff time between the maximum backoff time and zero; and determining the backoff time based on the first backoff time and the reference time.
[0226] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device is further caused to: receive information of the reference time from the communication device; or determine the reference time based on information of the energy status of the A-IoT device.
[0227] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device is caused to perform the procedure by: determining that a link failure is detected for the communication; and in accordance with a determination that the energy status fulfills the condition, initiating a procedure of re-establishing a connection between the A-IoT device and the communication device.
[0228] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device is further caused to: in accordance with a determination that the energy status does not fulfill the condition, perform an operation comprising at least one of the following: setting a failure report with a cause of an energy problem; entering a low energy consumption operating mode; or leaving a high energy consumption operating mode.
[0229] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device is further caused to: in accordance with a determination that the energy status does not fulfill the condition during the procedure of re-establishing the connection, perform an operation comprising at least one of the following: ceasing the procedure of re-establishing the connection; entering a low energy consumption operating mode; leaving a high energy consumption operating mode; or setting a failure report with a cause of an energy problem.
[0230] In some embodiments, a value of a time period configured for the procedure of re-establishing the connection is associated with the energy status.
[0231] In some embodiments, the communication device comprises at least one of the following: a terminal device; an access network device; or a core network device.
[0232] In another solution, an ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) device comprises a processor configured to cause the A-IoT device to: determine an energy status of the A-IoT device; and report information of the energy status to a communication device by at least one of the following: periodically reporting the information of the energy status to the communication device; reporting, during an access to the communication device, the information of the energy status to the communication device; in accordance with a determination that energy harvesting of the A-IoT device fulfills a first condition, reporting the information of the energy status to the communication device; or in accordance with a determination that energy storage of the A-IoT device fulfills a second condition, reporting the information of the energy status to the communication device.
[0233] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device is caused to determine the energy status by:determining a set of monitoring results in a set of time windows for monitoring the energy status, the set of monitoring results indicating whether consumed energy is below harvested energy; and determining the energy status based on a ratio between monitoring results indicating that consumed energy is below harvested energy and monitoring results indicating that the consumed energy is above the harvested energy in the set of monitoring results.
[0234] In some embodiments, the first condition comprises at least one of the following: an energy harvesting rate of the A-IoT device is above a first rate threshold; the energy harvesting rate of the A-IoT device is changed by a second rate threshold; energy harvesting efficiency of the A-IoT device is above a first efficiency threshold; the energy harvesting efficiency of the A-IoT device is changed by a second efficiency threshold; a condition of entering a predetermined energy harvesting status being fulfilled for a period of time; or a condition of leaving the predetermined energy harvesting status being fulfilled for a period of time.
[0235] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device is further caused to: in accordance with a determination that a sum of energy harvesting efficiency and a first offset parameter is below a third efficiency threshold, determine that the condition of entering the predetermined energy harvesting status is fulfilled; or in accordance with a determination that a sum of the energy harvesting efficiency and a second offset parameter is above a fourth efficiency threshold, determine that the condition of leaving the predetermined energy harvesting status is fulfilled.
[0236] In some embodiments, the second condition comprises at least one of the following: the energy storage is above a first energy threshold; the energy storage is changed by a second energy threshold; a condition of entering a predetermined energy storage status is fulfilled for a period of time; or a condition of leaving the predetermined energy storage status is fulfilled for a period of time.
[0237] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device is further caused to: in accordance with a determination that a sum of the energy storage and a third offset parameter is below a third energy threshold, determine that the condition of entering the predetermined energy storage status is fulfilled; or in accordance with a determination that a sum of the energy storage and a fourth offset parameter is above a fourth energy threshold, determine that the condition of leaving the predetermined energy storage status is fulfilled.
[0238] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device is further caused to at least one of the following: drop a set of services or channels or packets; or switch from a first operating mode to a second operating mode.
[0239] In some embodiments, the information of the energy status comprises at least one of the following: a type of an ambient power source supported by the A-IoT device; a radio wave frequency range supported by the A-IoT device; a type of a converter supported by the A-IoT device; conversion efficiency supported by the A-IoT device; storage capability of the A-IoT device; average charging time; recharging time for recovery from a low energy storage status; recharging time for a predetermined energy storage status; energy storage of the A-IoT device; operating time supported by the energy storage of the A-IoT device; receiving power of the A-IoT device; energy harvesting rate; energy harvesting efficiency; an expected periodicity of energy provision; information of a frequency on which energy harvesting is performed; information of whether communication and energy harvesting can be performed simultaneously; or a preference on an operating mode of the A-IoT device.
[0240] In some embodiments, the preference on the operating mode comprises at least one of the following: a preference on a connection state during energy harvesting; a preference on an energy harvesting mode; or a preference on an energy consumption operating mode.
[0241] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device is further caused to at least one of the following: in accordance with a determination that the information of the energy status is reported, start a timer; or transmit no further information of the energy status during running of the timer.
[0242] In some embodiments, the information of the energy status comprises a preference on an energy consumption operating mode, and the A-IoT device is further caused to: in accordance with a determination that no indication of entering the energy consumption operating mode is received from the communication device within a period of time since reporting of the preference, enter the energy consumption operating mode.
[0243] In another solution, an ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) device comprises a processor configured to cause the A-IoT device to: receive, from a communication device, information of one or more occasions for energy harvesting; and perform the energy harvesting on the one or more occasions.
[0244] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device is further caused to: transmit, to the communication device, a request for the one or more occasions.
[0245] In some embodiments, the request comprises at least one of the following: an energy status of the A-IoT device; or a time offset to the energy harvesting of the A-IoT device.
[0246] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device is caused to receive the information by: receiving, from the communication device, a configuration indicating a set of occasions for the energy harvesting; and receiving, from the communication device, an indication for activating the one or more occasions in the set of occasions.
[0247] In some embodiments, the communication device comprises at least one of the following: a terminal device; an access network device; or a core network device.
[0248] In another solution, a communication device comprises a processor configured to cause the communication device to at least one of the following: receive, from an ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) device, information of an energy status of the A-IoT device; or transmit, to the A-IoT device, information of one or more occasions for energy harvesting.
[0249] In some embodiments, the information of the energy status comprises at least one of the following: a type of an ambient power source supported by the A-IoT device; a radio wave frequency range supported by the A-IoT device; a type of a converter supported by the A-IoT device; conversion efficiency supported by the A-IoT device; storage capability of the A-IoT device; average charging time; recharging time for recovery from a low energy storage status; recharging time for a predetermined energy storage status; energy storage of the A-IoT device; operating time supported by the energy storage of the A-IoT device; receiving power of the A-IoT device; energy harvesting rate; energy harvesting efficiency; an expected periodicity of energy provision; information of a frequency on which energy harvesting is performed; information of whether communication and energy harvesting can be performed simultaneously; or a preference on an operating mode of the A-IoT device.
[0250] In some embodiments, the preference on the operating mode comprises at least one of the following: a preference on a connection state during energy harvesting; a preference on an energy harvesting mode; or a preference on an energy consumption operating mode.
[0251] In some embodiments, the communication device is further caused to: receive, from the A-IoT device, a request for the one or more occasions.
[0252] In some embodiments, the request comprises at least one of the following: an energy status of the A-IoT device; or a time offset to the energy harvesting of the A-IoT device.
[0253] In some embodiments, the communication device is caused to transmit the information by: transmitting, to the A-IoT device, a configuration indicating a set of occasions for the energy harvesting; and transmitting, to the A-IoT device, an indication for activating the one or more occasions in the set of occasions.
[0254] In some embodiments, the communication device comprises at least one of the following: a terminal device; an access network device; or a core network device.
[0255] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0256] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGs. 1 to 10. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0257] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0258] The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0259] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0260] Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.An ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) device comprising:a processor configured to cause the A-IoT device to:determine that an energy status of the A-IoT device fulfills a condition; andperform a procedure for a communication between the A-IoT device and a communication device.2.The A-IoT device of claim 1, wherein the condition comprises at least one of the following:energy storage is above an energy threshold;operating time supported by the energy storage is above a time threshold;harvesting power is above a power threshold;energy harvesting rate is above a rate threshold; orenergy harvesting efficiency is above an efficiency threshold.3.The A-IoT device of claim 1, wherein the procedure comprises an access to the communication device, and wherein the A-IoT device is further caused to:determine that the access to the communication device is not completed; andin accordance with a determination that the energy status of the A-IoT device fulfills the condition, initiate a further access attempt.4.The A-IoT device of claim 3, wherein the A-IoT device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that the energy status of the A-IoT device does not fulfill the condition, perform an operation comprising at least one of the following:considering that the access to the communication device is unsuccessfully completed;indicating a problem of the access to upper layers of the A-IoT device;setting a failure report with a cause of an energy problem;logging information of the energy status;entering a low energy consumption operating mode; orleaving a high energy consumption operating mode.5.The A-IoT device of claim 1, wherein the procedure comprises an access to the communication device, and wherein the A-IoT device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that the access to the communication device for the A-IoT transmission is not completed, determine a backoff time based on at least one of a maximum backoff time configured for the A-IoT device or a reference time; orin accordance with a determination that the access to the communication device for the A-IoT transmission is not completed and the energy status does not fulfill the condition, determine the backoff time based on the at least one of the maximum backoff time or the reference time.6.The A-IoT device of claim 5, wherein the A-IoT device is caused to determine the backoff time by:determining a first backoff time between the maximum backoff time and zero; anddetermining the backoff time based on the first backoff time and the reference time.7.The A-IoT device of claim 1, wherein the A-IoT device is caused to perform the procedure by:determining that a link failure is detected for the communication; andin accordance with a determination that the energy status fulfills the condition, initiating a procedure of re-establishing a connection between the A-IoT device and the communication device.8.The A-IoT device of claim 7, wherein the A-IoT device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that the energy status does not fulfill the condition, perform an operation comprising at least one of the following:setting a failure report with a cause of an energy problem;entering a low energy consumption operating mode; orleaving a high energy consumption operating mode.9.The A-IoT device of claim 7, wherein the A-IoT device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that the energy status does not fulfill the condition during the procedure of re-establishing the connection, perform an operation comprising at least one of the following:ceasing the procedure of re-establishing the connection;entering a low energy consumption operating mode;leaving a high energy consumption operating mode; orsetting a failure report with a cause of an energy problem.10.The A-IoT device of claim 7, wherein a value of a time period configured for the procedure of re-establishing the connection is associated with the energy status.11.An ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) device comprising:a processor configured to cause the A-IoT device to:determine an energy status of the A-IoT device; andreport information of the energy status to a communication device by at least one of the following:periodically reporting the information of the energy status to the communication device;reporting, during an access to the communication device, the information of the energy status to the communication device;in accordance with a determination that energy harvesting of the A-IoT device fulfills a first condition, reporting the information of the energy status to the communication device; orin accordance with a determination that energy storage of the A-IoT device fulfills a second condition, reporting the information of the energy status to the communication device.12.The A-IoT device of claim 11, wherein the A-IoT device is caused to determine the energy status by:determining a set of monitoring results in a set of time windows for monitoring the energy status, the set of monitoring results indicating whether consumed energy is below harvested energy; anddetermining the energy status based on a ratio between monitoring results indicating that consumed energy is below harvested energy and monitoring results indicating that the consumed energy is above the harvested energy in the set of monitoring results.13.The A-IoT device of claim 11, wherein the first condition comprises at least one of the following:an energy harvesting rate of the A-IoT device is above a first rate threshold;the energy harvesting rate of the A-IoT device is changed by a second rate threshold;energy harvesting efficiency of the A-IoT device is above a first efficiency threshold;the energy harvesting efficiency of the A-IoT device is changed by a second efficiency threshold;a condition of entering a predetermined energy harvesting status is fulfilled for a period of time; ora condition of leaving the predetermined energy harvesting status is fulfilled for a period of time.14.The A-IoT device of claim 11, wherein the second condition comprises at least one of the following:the energy storage is above a first energy threshold;the energy storage is changed by a second energy threshold;a condition of entering a predetermined energy storage status is fulfilled for a period of time; ora condition of leaving the predetermined energy storage status is fulfilled for a period of time.15.The A-IoT device of claim 11, wherein the A-IoT device is further caused to at least one of the following:drop a set of services or channels or packets; orswitch from a first operating mode to a second operating mode.16.The A-IoT device of claim 11, wherein the information of the energy status comprises at least one of the following:a type of an ambient power source supported by the A-IoT device;a radio wave frequency range supported by the A-IoT device;a type of a converter supported by the A-IoT device;conversion efficiency supported by the A-IoT device;storage capability of the A-IoT device;average charging time;recharging time for recovery from a low energy storage status;recharging time for a predetermined energy storage status;energy storage of the A-IoT device;operating time supported by the energy storage of the A-IoT device;receiving power of the A-IoT device;energy harvesting rate;energy harvesting efficiency;an expected periodicity of energy provision;information of a frequency on which energy harvesting is performed;information of whether communication and energy harvesting can be performed simultaneously; ora preference on an operating mode of the A-IoT device.17.An ambient Internet of things (A-IoT) device comprising:a processor configured to cause the A-IoT device to:receive, from a communication device, information of one or more occasions for energy harvesting; andperform the energy harvesting on the one or more occasions.18.The A-IoT device of claim 17, wherein the A-IoT device is further caused to:transmit, to the communication device, a request for the one or more occasions.19.The A-IoT device of claim 18, wherein the request comprises at least one of the following:an energy status of the A-IoT device; ora time offset to the energy harvesting of the A-IoT device.20.The A-IoT device of claim 17, wherein the A-IoT device is caused to receive the information by:receiving, from the communication device, a configuration indicating a set of occasions for the energy harvesting; andreceiving, from the communication device, an indication for activating the one or more occasions in the set of occasions.
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