antenna
The antenna design for 5G Massive MIMO addresses cost, weight, and assembly complexity issues by using a novel oscillator structure and isolation strips, enhancing isolation and signal quality in 5G Massive MIMO antennas.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/116386
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-09-01
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-24
AI Technical Summary
Existing 5G Massive MIMO antennas face challenges with high cost, weight, complex assembly, and insufficient isolation between microstrip patch antenna elements, limiting beamforming performance and signal-to-noise ratio.
An antenna design comprising a plurality of antenna units with a specific oscillator structure, feed line structure, and antenna isolation strips, featuring a ring structure and bending portions, achieves high isolation and low profile, suitable for 5G Massive MIMO applications.
The design provides high co-polarization and cross-polarization isolation exceeding 25 dB, improving signal-to-noise ratio and reducing assembly complexity while maintaining a low profile and cost-effective production.
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Figure CN2023116386_24072025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
ANTENNATECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to an antenna.BACKGROUND
[0002] As the most fundamental and crucial component of an antenna, the radiation element directly influences the overall structure and performance of an antenna array. The working frequency band of the radiation element determines the operating frequency band of the antenna array, and the size of the radiation element affects the coupling effects between array elements at a given spacing, as well as the integration difficulty with other equipment. In practical applications of base station antennas, the half-wave dipole antenna and microstrip patch antenna are the two most widely used types of radiation elements.SUMMARY
[0003] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides an antenna, comprising a plurality of antenna units; wherein a respective antenna unit of the plurality of antenna units comprises a respective oscillator structure and a feed line structure; wherein the respective oscillator structure comprises a main body; a plurality of supports; a plurality of corner portions; a plurality of first apertures; a plurality of bending portions; and a plurality of second apertures; wherein a respective corner portion of the plurality of corner portions is connected to a respective corner of the main body; a respective first aperture of the plurality of first apertures is between two adjacent corner portions of the plurality of corner portions; a respective bending portion comprises a ring structure and two extensions extending away from the ring structure; the two extensions connect the ring structure to two adjacent corner portions of the plurality of corner portions, respectively; and a respective second aperture of the plurality of second apertures is surrounded by the ring structure of the respective bending portion.
[0004] Optionally, the ring structure comprises a dividing portion spacing apart the respective second aperture and the respective first aperture.
[0005] Optionally, the respective oscillator structure further comprises a plurality of recesses; and a respective recess of the plurality of recesses is partially surrounded by the respective corner portion, one extension of a first bending portion of two adjacent bending portions, and one extension of a second bending portion of the two adjacent bending portions.
[0006] Optionally, in an unfolded state of the respective oscillator structure, the respective recess has a width along a direction intersecting a center of the main body and substantially parallel to a direction along which two corner portions of the plurality of corner portions are arranged; the width is between an individual corner portion of the plurality of corner portions partially surrounding the respective recess and a virtual line connecting edges of rings respectively of two adjacent bending portions of the plurality of bending portions; the width is in a range of 0.01 to 0.10 times of a wavelength of electromagnetic waves that the antenna is designed to transmit or receive; and the wavelength is in a range of 0.1 mm to 1 meter.
[0007] Optionally, the respective antenna unit further comprises one or more antenna isolation strips; a respective isolation strip of the one or more antenna isolation strips comprises a groove; and a ratio of a width of the groove to a depth of the groove is in a range of 2: 1 to 6: 1.
[0008] Optionally, the respective antenna unit further comprises one or more antenna isolation strips; a respective isolation strip of the one or more antenna isolation strips comprises a groove; and the groove has a mirror symmetry with respect to a first plane intersecting the respective oscillator structure and perpendicular to the respective oscillator structure, the respective oscillator structure has a mirror symmetry with respect to a second plane intersecting the respective oscillator structure and perpendicular to the respective oscillator structure, wherein the first plane and the second plane substantially overlap with each other.
[0009] Optionally, the respective antenna unit further comprises one or more antenna isolation strips; a respective isolation strip of the one or more antenna isolation strips comprises a groove; and the groove has a mirror symmetry with respect to a first plane intersecting the respective isolation strip and perpendicular to the respective isolation strip, the respective isolation strip has a mirror symmetry with respect to a second plane intersecting the respective isolation strip and perpendicular to the respective isolation strip, wherein the first plane and the second plane substantially overlap with each other.
[0010] Optionally, antenna comprises a plurality of antenna sub-arrays; a respective antenna sub-array of the plurality of antenna sub-arrays comprises m number of antenna units, m being an integer greater than 1; the respective antenna sub-array comprises a power divider including m number of ports; and a respective port of the m number of ports is connected to a respective oscillator unit in the respective antenna sub-array.
[0011] Optionally, the respective oscillator structure further comprises a plurality of second bending portions; a respective second bending portion of the plurality of second bending portions is between two adjacent bending portions of the plurality of bending portions; a respective bending portion of the plurality of bending portions is between two adjacent second bending portions of the plurality of second bending portions; the respective second bending portion comprises a second ring structure and two second extensions extending away from the second ring structure; and the two second extensions connect the second ring structure to a single corner portion of the plurality of corner portions.
[0012] Optionally, the respective oscillator structure further comprises a plurality of third apertures and a plurality of fourth apertures; a respective third aperture of the plurality of third apertures is between the respective corner portion and the second ring structure; a respective fourth aperture of the plurality of fourth apertures is surrounded by the second ring structure; and the second ring structure comprises a second dividing portion spacing apart the respective fourth aperture and the respective third aperture.
[0013] Optionally, the respective first aperture comprises a first sub-aperture and a second sub-aperture connected to each other; an extension of a dividing virtual line dividing the respective bending portion from the respective corner portion divides the first sub-aperture from the second sub-aperture; the first sub-aperture has a first width along a first direction, and the second sub-aperture has a second width along the first direction; and the respective corner portion and the respective bending portion are arranged along a direction substantially parallel to a second direction, and the first direction is different from the second direction.
[0014] Optionally, the first width is different from the second width.
[0015] Optionally, the respective first aperture comprises a first sub-aperture and a second sub-aperture connected to each other; an extension of a dividing virtual line dividing the respective bending portion from the respective corner portion divides the first sub-aperture from the second sub-aperture; the first sub-aperture has a first length along a second direction, and the second sub-aperture has a second length along the second direction; and the respective corner portion and the respective bending portion are arranged along a direction substantially parallel to the second direction.
[0016] Optionally, the first length is different from the second length.
[0017] Optionally, a respective first aperture of the plurality of first apertures has a trapezoidal shape; the respective first aperture comprises a first sub-aperture and a second sub-aperture connected to each other; an extension of a dividing virtual line dividing the respective bending portion from the respective corner portion divides the first sub-aperture from the second sub-aperture; the first sub-aperture has a first trapezoidal shape; and the second sub-aperture has a second trapezoidal shape.
[0018] Optionally, a smaller base of the trapezoidal shape is along an edge of the respective corner portion, and a larger base of the trapezoidal shape is along an edge of the respective bending portion; a smaller base of the first trapezoidal shape is along an edge of the respective corner portion; a larger base of the first trapezoidal shape is the same as a smaller base of the second trapezoidal shape; and a larger base of the second trapezoidal shape is along an edge of the respective bending portion.
[0019] Optionally, a larger base of the trapezoidal shape is along an edge of the respective corner portion; a smaller base of the trapezoidal shape is along an edge of the respective bending portion; a larger base of the first trapezoidal shape is along an edge of the respective corner portion; a smaller base of the first trapezoidal shape is the same as a larger base of the second trapezoidal shape; and a smaller base of the second trapezoidal shape is along an edge of the respective bending portion.
[0020] Optionally, the respective second aperture has a right-angled isosceles triangular shape, a non-right-angled isosceles triangular shape, an equilateral triangular shape, or a trapezoidal shape.
[0021] Optionally, the plurality of supports protrude away from the main body toward a first side of the main body; the feed line structure is on the first side of the main body; and at least one bending portion of the plurality of bending portions bends toward the first side of the main body.
[0022] Optionally, the plurality of supports protrude away from the main body toward a first side of the main body; the feed line structure is on the first side of the main body; and at least one bending portion of the plurality of bending portions bends toward a second side of the main body, the second side being opposite to the first side.
[0023] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0024] The following drawings are merely examples for illustrative purposes according to various disclosed embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
[0025] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0026] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a respective isolation strip in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0027] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a respective oscillator structure in a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0028] FIG. 4 is a top view of a respective oscillator structure in a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0029] FIG. 5 is a top unfolded view of a respective structure in a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0030] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a feed line structure in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0031] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an antenna comprising a plurality of antenna units arranged in an array in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0032] FIG. 8 shows a Smith impedance chart of a central oscillator in an array of oscillators in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0033] FIG. 9 shows a curve of voltage standing wave ratio of a central oscillator in an array of oscillators in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0034] FIG. 10 shows a level of isolation between oscillators in an array of oscillator in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0035] FIG. 11 shows polarization and cross-polarization of oscillators in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0036] FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating an antenna sub-array in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0037] FIG. 13 is a perspective view of an antenna comprising a plurality of antenna units arranged in an array in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0038] FIG. 14 shows a curve of voltage standing wave ratio of the polarization ports in the antenna depicted in FIG. 13.
[0039] FIG. 15 shows levels of isolation between the polarization ports in the antenna depicted in FIG. 13.
[0040] FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a respective oscillator structure in a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0041] FIG. 17 is a top view of a respective oscillator structure in a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0042] FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a respective bending portion and a portion of a respective corner portion in the respective antenna unit depicted in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4.
[0043] FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a respective oscillator structure in a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0044] FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a respective bending portion and a portion of a respective corner portion in the respective antenna unit depicted in FIG. 19.
[0045] FIG. 21 is a perspective view of a respective oscillator structure in a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0046] FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a respective bending portion and a portion of a respective corner portion in the respective antenna unit depicted in FIG. 21.
[0047] FIG. 23 is a perspective view of a respective oscillator structure in a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0048] FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a respective bending portion and a portion of a respective corner portion in the respective antenna unit depicted in FIG. 23.
[0049] FIG. 25 is a perspective view of a respective oscillator structure in a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0050] FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a respective bending portion and a portion of a respective corner portion in the respective antenna unit depicted in FIG. 25.
[0051] FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a respective bending portion and a portion of a respective corner portion in a respective antenna unit in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0052] FIG. 28 is a perspective view of a respective oscillator structure in a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0053] FIG. 29 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a respective bending portion and a portion of a respective corner portion in the respective antenna unit depicted in FIG. 28.
[0054] FIG. 30 is a perspective view of a respective oscillator structure in a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0055] FIG. 31 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a respective bending portion and a portion of a respective corner portion in the respective antenna unit depicted in FIG. 30.
[0056] FIG. 32 is a perspective view of a respective oscillator structure in a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0057] FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a respective bending portion and a portion of a respective corner portion in the respective antenna unit depicted in FIG. 32.
[0058] FIG. 34 is a perspective view of a respective oscillator structure in a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0059] FIG. 35 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a respective bending portion and a portion of a respective corner portion in the respective antenna unit depicted in FIG. 34.
[0060] FIG. 36 is a perspective view of a respective oscillator structure in a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0061] FIG. 37 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a respective bending portion and a portion of a respective corner portion in the respective antenna unit depicted in FIG. 36.
[0062] FIG. 38 is a perspective view of a respective oscillator structure in a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0063] FIG. 39 is a side view of a respective oscillator structure in a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0064] FIG. 40 is a perspective view of a respective oscillator structure in a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0065] FIG. 41 is a side view of a respective oscillator structure in a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0066] The disclosure will now be described more specifically with reference to the following embodiments. It is to be noted that the following descriptions of some embodiments are presented herein for purpose of illustration and description only. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to be limited to the precise form disclosed.
[0067] The half-wave dipole antenna has been a popular choice in the market of base station antennas due to its wide operating bandwidth and structural stability. The microstrip patch antenna, on the other hand, is widely used in wireless communication devices because of its low profile, small size, simple structure, ease of conforming to different shapes, and low cost. For 5G Massive multiple-in-multiple-out (MIMO) antennas, which can consist of hundreds of radiation elements, the choice of radiation element type needs to consider factors such as cost, weight, size, and performance. If the half-wave dipole is used as the radiation element, the antenna performance can meet industry requirements. However, the overall weight of the antenna will be heavier, the cost will be higher, and the assembly process will be more complex, making it less suitable for mass production. If conventional microstrip patch antennas are used as radiation elements, the coupling between the elements becomes a significant issue. Generally, the isolation between elements needs to be greater than 25 dB, and the spacing between elements should be larger than 0.7 times the wavelength to achieve satisfactory beamforming effects in the horizontal dimension. However, for 5G Massive MIMO antennas, the horizontal spacing between elements is often controlled to be around 0.5 times the wavelength to meet the requirements of beam synthesis in the horizontal direction. Due to these reasons, the existing 5G Massive MIMO antennas that use conventional microstrip patch antennas as radiation elements can only achieve simultaneous co-polarization and cross-polarization isolation greater than 18 dB in the horizontal direction.
[0068] Accordingly, the present disclosure provides, inter alia, an antenna that substantially obviate one or more of the problems due to limitations and disadvantages of the related art. In some embodiments, the antenna includes a plurality of antenna units. Optionally, a respective antenna unit of the plurality of antenna units comprises a respective oscillator structure and a feed line structure. Optionally, the respective oscillator structure comprises a main body; a plurality of supports; a plurality of corner portions; a plurality of first apertures; a plurality of bending portions; and a plurality of second apertures. Optionally, a respective corner portion of the plurality of corner portions is connected to a respective corner of the main body. Optionally, a respective first aperture of the plurality of first apertures is between two adjacent corner portions of the plurality of corner portions. Optionally, a respective bending portion comprises a ring structure and two extensions extending away from the ring structure. Optionally, the two extensions connect the ring structure to two adjacent corner portions of the plurality of corner portions, respectively. Optionally, a respective second aperture of the plurality of second apertures is surrounded by the ring structure of the respective bending portion.
[0069] The antenna according to the present disclosure offers several advantages, including a simple structure, low cost, low profile, small aperture, and high cross-polarization ratio. It also provides high isolation. In a Massive MIMO antenna array with a spacing of 0.5 times the wavelength, when using the antenna according to the present disclosure, both co-polarization and cross-polarization isolation are higher than 25 dB. This effectively improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the antenna’s transmission and reception signals.
[0070] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 1, the respective antenna unit in some embodiments includes a respective oscillator structure ROS and a feed line structure FLS. Optionally, the respective oscillator structure ROS is electrically connected to the feed line structure FLS. In one particular example, the respective oscillator structure ROS is soldered to the feed line structure FLS. The soldering method is not limited and can be accomplished using common surface mount technology (SMT) . Various appropriate materials may be used for fabricating the respective oscillator structure ROS. In one particular example, the respective oscillator structure ROS is fabricated using sheet metal material and is surface-treated with tin electroplating.
[0071] In some embodiments, the respective antenna unit further includes a reflector RL on a side of the feed line structure FLS away from the respective oscillator structure ROS.
[0072] In some embodiments, the respective antenna unit further includes an antenna enclosure AE on a side of the respective oscillator structure ROS away from the feed line structure FLS and the reflector RL. Optionally, the antenna enclosure AE is spaced apart from the respective oscillator structure ROS by a distance in a range of 0.01 to 0.10 times (e.g., 0.01 to 0.02 times, 0.02 to 0.03 times, 0.03 to 0.04 times, 0.04 to 0.05 times, 0.05 to 0.06 times, 0.06 to 0.07 times, 0.07 to 0.08 times, 0.08 to 0.09 times, or 0.09 to 0.10 times) of a wavelength of the electromagnetic waves that the antenna is designed to transmit or receive, e.g., an operating wavelength of the specific frequency at which the antenna is designed to operate. The wavelength may be calculated by: Wavelength (λ) = Speed of Light (c) / Frequency. In one example, the antenna enclosure AE is spaced apart from the respective oscillator structure ROS by a distance of 0.05 times of the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves that the antenna is designed to transmit or receive. Optionally, the wavelength is in a range of 0.1 mm to 1 meter, e.g., 0.1 mm to 1 mm, 1 mm to 5 mm, 5 mm to 10 mm, 1 cm to 10 cm, 10 cm to 20 cm, 20 cm to 30 cm, 30 cm to 40 cm, 40 cm to 50 cm, 50 cm to 60 cm, 60 cm to 70 cm, 70 cm to 80 cm, 80 cm to 90 cm, or 90 cm to 1 meter.
[0073] In some embodiments, the respective antenna unit further includes one or more antenna isolation strips IS. Optionally, the one or more antenna isolation strips IS are symmetrically disposed with respect to the respective oscillator structure ROS. Optionally, the one or more antenna isolation strips IS are spaced apart from each other by a distance in a range of 0.1 to 1.0 times (e.g., 0.1 to 0.2 times, 0.2 to 0.3 times, 0.3 to 0.4 times, 0.4 to 0.5 times, 0.5 to 0.6 times, 0.6 to 0.7 times, 0.7 to 0.8 times, 0.8 to 0.9 times, or 0.9 to 1.0 times) of the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves that the antenna is designed to transmit or receive. In one example, the one or more antenna isolation strips IS are spaced apart from each other by a distance of 0.5 times of the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves that the antenna is designed to transmit or receive. In one particular example, the total number of the one or more antenna isolation strips IS is 2. In one example, the respective antenna unit includes two antenna isolation strips on two opposite sides of the respective oscillator structure ROS.
[0074] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a respective isolation strip in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 2, in some embodiments, the respective isolation strip RIS includes a groove GV. Optionally, the groove GV has a depth d and a width w. In the example depicted in FIG. 2, the groove GV has a rectangular shape. Various alternative implementations may be practiced in the present disclosure, and the groove GV may have various appropriate shapes. Examples of appropriate shapes of the groove GV include a triangular shape, a trapezoidal shape, and a parabolic shape.
[0075] Optionally, a ratio of the width w to the depth d is in a range of 2: 1 to 6: 1, e.g., 2: 1 to 3: 1, 3: 1 to 4: 1, 4: 1 to 5: 1, or 5: 1 to 6: 1. In one particular example, the ratio of the width w to the depth d is 4: 1.
[0076] Optionally, the width w is in a range of 0.10 to 0.50 times (e.g., 0.10 to 0.15 times, 0.15 to 0.20 times, 0.20 to 0.25 times, 0.25 to 0.30 times, 0.30 to 0.35 times, 0.35 to 0.40 times, 0.40 to 0.45 times, or 0.45 to 0.50 times) of the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves that the antenna is designed to transmit or receive. In one example, the width w is 0.25 times of the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves that the antenna is designed to transmit or receive.
[0077] Optionally, the depth d is in a range of 0.01 to 0.10 times (e.g., 0.01 to 0.02 times, 0.02 to 0.03 times, 0.03 to 0.04 times, 0.04 to 0.05 times, 0.05 to 0.06 times, 0.06 to 0.07 times, 0.07 to 0.08 times, 0.08 to 0.09 times, or 0.09 to 0.10 times) of the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves that the antenna is designed to transmit or receive. In one example, the depth d is 0.05 times of the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves that the antenna is designed to transmit or receive.
[0078] Optionally, a central line of the groove GV substantially overlaps with a central line of the respective isolation strip RIS, for example, the central line of the groove GV and the central line of the respective isolation strip RIS completely overlap with each other or spaced apart from each other by a distance no more than 2 mm (e.g., no more than 1.5 mm, no more than 1.0 mm, no more than 0.5 mm, no more than 0.2 mm, no more than 0.1 mm, or no more than 0.05 mm) . Optionally, the groove GV has a mirror symmetry with respect to a first plane intersecting the respective isolation strip RIS and perpendicular to the respective isolation strip RIS, the respective isolation strip RIS has a mirror symmetry with respect to a second plane intersecting the respective isolation strip RIS and perpendicular to the respective isolation strip RIS, wherein the first plane and the second plane substantially overlap with each other, for example, the first plane and the second plane completely overlap with each other or spaced apart from each other by a distance no more than 2 mm (e.g., no more than 1.5 mm, no more than 1.0 mm, no more than 0.5 mm, no more than 0.2 mm, no more than 0.1 mm, or no more than 0.05 mm) .
[0079] Optionally, the central line of the groove GV substantially overlaps with a central line of the respective oscillator, for example, the central line of the groove GV and the central line of the respective oscillator completely overlap with each other or spaced apart from each other by a distance no more than 2 mm (e.g., no more than 1.5 mm, no more than 1.0 mm, no more than 0.5 mm, no more than 0.2 mm, no more than 0.1 mm, or no more than 0.05 mm) . Optionally, the groove GV has a mirror symmetry with respect to a first plane intersecting the respective oscillator and perpendicular to the respective oscillator, the respective oscillator has a mirror symmetry with respect to a second plane intersecting the respective oscillator and perpendicular to the respective oscillator, wherein the first plane and the second plane substantially overlap with each other, for example, the first plane and the second plane completely overlap with each other or spaced apart from each other by a distance no more than 2 mm (e.g., no more than 1.5 mm, no more than 1.0 mm, no more than 0.5 mm, no more than 0.2 mm, no more than 0.1 mm, or no more than 0.05 mm) .
[0080] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a respective oscillator structure in a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 4 is a top view of a respective oscillator structure in a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 5 is a top unfolded view of a respective oscillator structure in a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 3 to FIG. 5, the respective oscillator structure in some embodiments includes a main body, and a plurality of supports SP. Optionally, the respective oscillator structure has an n-fold symmetry, and a total number of the plurality of supports is n, n is an integer greater than 1. In one example, n = 4.
[0081] In some embodiments, the plurality of supports SP protrude away from the main body toward a first side S1 of the main body MB, wherein the feed line structure FLS is on the first side S1 of the main body MB. Optionally, the plurality of supports SP and the main body MB are parts of a unitary structure. Optionally, the plurality of supports SP are connected to the main body MB, respectively. Optionally, the plurality of supports SP are connected to the feed line structure FLS, respectively, thereby forming a plurality of feeding points.
[0082] In some embodiments, a respective support of the plurality of supports SP has a length L along a direction away from the main body MB toward the first side S1 of the main body MB. Optionally, the length L is in a range of in a range of 0.01 to 0.25 times (e.g., 0.01 to 0.02 times, 0.02 to 0.03 times, 0.03 to 0.04 times, 0.04 to 0.05 times, 0.05 to 0.06 times, 0.06 to 0.07 times, 0.07 to 0.08 times, 0.08 to 0.09 times, 0.09 to 0.10 times, 0.10 to 0.11 times, 0.11 to 0.12 times, 0.12 to 0.13 times, 0.13 to 0.14 times, 0.14 to 0.15 times, 0.15 to 0.16 times, 0.16 to 0.17 times, 0.17 to 0.18 times, 0.18 to 0.19 times, 0.19 to 0.20 times, 0.20 to 0.21 times, 0.21 to 0.22 times, 0.22 to 0.23 times, 0.23 to 0.24 times, or 0.24 to 0.25 times) of the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves that the antenna is designed to transmit or receive. In one example, the length L is 0.1 times of the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves that the antenna is designed to transmit or receive.
[0083] In one particular example, the plurality of supports SP are formed by punching a plurality of portions of a unitary structure of the respective oscillator structure ROS, and bending the plurality of portions toward the first side S1.
[0084] In some embodiments, the respective oscillator structure further includes a plurality of corner portions CP. A respective corner portion of the plurality of corner portions CP is connected to a respective corner of the main body MB. Optionally, the plurality of corner portions CP are spaced apart from each other. Optionally, an orthographic projection of a respective support of the plurality of supports SP on a base substrate is between orthographic projections of two adjacent corner portions of the plurality of corner portions CP on the base substrate. In one particular example, a total number of the plurality of corner portions CP is 4.
[0085] In some embodiments, the respective oscillator structure further includes a plurality of first apertures AP1. Optionally, a respective first aperture of the plurality of first apertures AP1 is between two adjacent corner portions of the plurality of corner portions CP. Optionally, a respective corner portion of the plurality of corner portions CP is between two adjacent first apertures of the plurality of first apertures AP1. In one particular example, the respective first aperture of the plurality of first apertures AP1 has a rectangular shape. In one particular example, a total number of the plurality of first apertures AP1 is 4.
[0086] In some embodiments, the respective oscillator structure further includes a plurality of bending portions BP. A respective bending portion of the plurality of bending portions BP bends toward a first side S1 of the main body MB. Optionally, the respective bending portion includes a ring structure RS and two extensions ES extending away from the ring structure RS. Optionally, the two extensions ES connect the ring structure RS to two adjacent corner portions of the plurality of corner portions CP, respectively. In one particular example, the ring structure RS is a triangular ring structure. In another example, a respective first aperture of the plurality of first apertures AP1 is surrounded by a portion of the main body MB, portions of two adjacent corner portions, the two extensions ES, and the ring structure RS. In one particular example, a total number of the plurality of bending portions BP is 4.
[0087] In some embodiments, the respective oscillator structure further includes a plurality of second apertures AP2. A respective second aperture of the plurality of second apertures AP2 is surrounded by the ring structure RS of the respective bending portion. In some embodiments, the ring structure RS includes a dividing portion DP spacing apart the respective second aperture and the respective first aperture. In one particular example, the respective second aperture of the plurality of second apertures AP2 has a triangular shape. In one particular example, a total number of the plurality of second apertures AP2 is 4.
[0088] In some embodiments, an included angle α between a plane containing a surface of a respective corner portion (and optionally the main body MB) and a plane containing a surface of a respective bending portion is greater than zero. Optionally, the included angle α is in a range of 5 degrees to 120 degrees, e.g., 5 degrees to 10 degrees, 10 degrees to 15 degrees, 15 degrees to 20 degrees, 20 degrees to 25 degrees, 25 degrees to 30 degrees, 30 degrees to 35 degrees, 35 degrees to 40 degrees, 40 degrees to 45 degrees, 45 degrees to 50 degrees, 50 degrees to 55 degrees, 55 degrees to 60 degrees, 60 degrees to 65 degrees, 65 degrees to 70 degrees, 70 degrees to 75 degrees, 75 degrees to 80 degrees, 80 degrees to 85 degrees, 85 degrees to 90 degrees, 90 degrees to 95 degrees, 95 degrees to 100 degrees, 100 degrees to 105 degrees, 105 degrees to 110 degrees, 110 degrees to 115 degrees, or 115 degrees to 120 degrees. In one particular example, the included angle α is 30 degrees.
[0089] In some embodiments, two supports of the plurality of supports SP on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which two bending portions of the plurality of bending portions BP on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged. In some embodiments, two supports of the plurality of supports SP on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which two of the plurality of first apertures AP1 on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged. In some embodiments, two supports of the plurality of supports SP on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which two of the plurality of second apertures AP2 on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged. As used herein, the term “substantially parallel” means that an angle is in the range of 0 degree to approximately 45 degrees, e.g., 0 degree to approximately 5 degrees, 0 degree to approximately 10 degrees, 0 degree to approximately 15 degrees, 0 degree to approximately 20 degrees, 0 degree to approximately 25 degrees, 0 degree to approximately 30 degrees.
[0090] In some embodiments, a respective support of the plurality of supports SP includes a narrow end inserted into a connecting hole on the feed line structure FLS. Optionally, the respective support extends through the feed line structure FLS by 1 to 2 mm.
[0091] In some embodiments, the respective oscillator structure further includes a plurality of recesses RC. A respective recess of the plurality of recesses RC is partially surrounded by a respective corner portion of the plurality of corner portions CP and two adjacent bending portions of the plurality of bending portions BP. Specifically, the respective recess is partially surrounded by the respective corner portion, one extension of a first bending portion of the two adjacent bending portions, and one extension of a second bending portion of the two adjacent bending portions.
[0092] In some embodiments, a difference between a maximum width of an orthographic projection of the respective oscillator structure in an unfolded state on a base substrate and a maximum width of an orthographic projection of the respective oscillator structure in a bent state on the base substrate is in a range of 0.005 to 0.015 times of the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves that the antenna is designed to transmit or receive. In one example, the difference between the maximum width of the orthographic projection of the respective oscillator structure in the unfolded state on the base substrate and the maximum width of the orthographic projection of the respective oscillator structure in the bent state on the base substrate is 0.01 times of the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves that the antenna is designed to transmit or receive. In the bent state, the included angle α between the plane containing the surface of the respective corner portion (and optionally the main body MB) and the plane containing the surface of the respective bending portion is greater than zero. In the unfolded state, the included angle α between the plane containing the surface of the respective corner portion (and optionally the main body MB) and the plane containing the surface of the respective bending portion is zero. In some embodiments, the maximum width of the orthographic projection of the respective oscillator structure in the unfolded state on the base substrate is in a range of 0.30 to 0.40 times (e.g., 0.30 to 0.31 times, 0.31 to 0.32 times, 0.32 to 0.33 times, 0.33 to 0.34 times, 0.34 to 0.35 times, 0.35 to 0.36 times, 0.36 to 0.37 times, 0.37 to 0.38 times, 0.38 to 0.39 times, or 0.39 to 0.40 times) of the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves that the antenna is designed to transmit or receive. In some embodiments, the maximum width of the orthographic projection of the respective oscillator structure in the bent state on the base substrate is in a range of 0.29 to 0.39 times (e.g., 0.29 to 0.30 times, 0.30 to 0.31 times, 0.31 to 0.32 times, 0.32 to 0.33 times, 0.33 to 0.34 times, 0.34 to 0.35 times, 0.35 to 0.36 times, 0.36 to 0.37 times, 0.37 to 0.38 times, 0.38 to 0.39 times) of the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves that the antenna is designed to transmit or receive.
[0093] In some embodiments, in the unfolded state of the respective oscillator structure, the respective recess of the plurality of recesses RC has a width rw along a direction intersecting a center of the main body MB and substantially parallel to a direction along which two corner portions of the plurality of corner portions CP are arranged, wherein the width rw is between an individual corner portion of the plurality of corner portions CP partially surrounding the respective recess and a virtual line VL connecting edges of rings respectively of two adjacent bending portions of the plurality of bending portions BP. In some embodiments, the width rw is in a range of 0.01 to 0.10 times (e.g., 0.01 to 0.02 times, 0.02 to 0.03 times, 0.03 to 0.04 times, 0.04 to 0.05 times, 0.05 to 0.06 times, 0.06 to 0.07 times, 0.07 to 0.08 times, 0.08 to 0.09 times, or 0.09 to 0.10 times) of the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves that the antenna is designed to transmit or receive. In one particular example, the width rw is 0.05 times of the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves that the antenna is designed to transmit or receive.
[0094] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a feed line structure in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 6, the feed line structure in some embodiments includes a power divider for dividing the signal into two branches. Optionally, the two branches of the power divider on the feed line structure have different line lengths (diagonal lengths) , resulting in a 180 degrees phase difference. This arrangement causes the currents in one branch to flow in the opposite direction to the currents in the other branch, thereby achieving the desired polarization current direction.
[0095] In some embodiments, the feed line structure includes a base substrate BS, and one or more feed lines FL and a plurality of connecting structures CS on the base substrate BS. A respective connecting structure of the plurality of connecting structures CS includes a connecting hole CH configured to receive an end of a respective support of the plurality of supports of the respective oscillator structure. The respective support is electrically connected to the respective connecting structure at the connecting hole CH. In one particular example, the respective support is soldered to the respective connecting structure. In another example, the base substrate BS includes a copper-clad material with low dielectric constant, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) .
[0096] In some embodiments, the feed line structure further includes one or more connecting points CP. The feed line structure is connected to a feed line network through the one or more connecting points CP, wherein the feed line network is connected to a plurality of antenna units. The plurality of antenna units include the respective antenna unit depicted in FIG. 1. In some embodiments, the feed line network is disposed on the back of the base substrate BS, e.g., on a side of the base substrate BS away from the one or more feed lines FL and the plurality of connecting structures CS.
[0097] Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 6, the respective antenna unit in some embodiments includes a gap GP between the feed line structure FLS and the reflector RL, and the feed line structure FLS is an air-bridged feed line structure. The air-bridged feed line structure effectively reduces feed loss and enhances the overall performance of the antenna. In some embodiments, the gap GP spaces apart the feed line structure FLS and the reflector RL by a distance in a range of 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm, e.g., 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm, 0.2 mm to 0.3 mm, 0.3 mm to 0.4 mm, 0.4 mm to 0.5 mm, 0.5 mm to 0.6 mm, 0.6 mm to 0.7 mm, 0.7 mm to 0.8 mm, 0.8 mm to 0.9 mm, or 0.9 mm to 1.0 mm. In one particular example, the gap GP spaces apart the feed line structure FLS and the reflector RL by 0.5 mm.
[0098] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an antenna comprising a plurality of antenna units arranged in an array in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 7, the antenna in some embodiments includes 3x3 antenna units arranged in an array. FIG. 8 shows a Smith impedance chart of a central oscillator in an array of oscillators in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 8, the impedance of the central oscillator converges and is close to a center of the 50 ohm impedance point, indicating excellent matching performance. The center oscillator is effectively matched to the transmission line or feed network, ensuring efficient power transfer and minimizing reflection losses. FIG. 8 shows two embodiments according to the present disclosure, including an embodiment A and an embodiment B. The Smith impedance chart is a graphical tool used in RF and microwave engineering to analyze and represent the impedance and reflection coefficient of a device or system. It provides valuable information about impedance matching and helps determine the matching network required to achieve optimal performance.
[0099] FIG. 9 shows a curve of voltage standing wave ratio of a central oscillator in an array of oscillators in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 9, the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the central oscillator is less than 1.1, indicating excellent matching performance. FIG. 9 shows two embodiments according to the present disclosure, including an embodiment A and an embodiment B. The voltage standing wave ratio is a measure of the mismatch between the impedance of a transmission line or device and the impedance of the connected load. VSWR quantifies the efficiency of power transfer and indicates the amount of signal reflection occurring in the system. VSWR is calculated as the ratio of the maximum voltage amplitude to the minimum voltage amplitude along the transmission line or at the input / output ports of a device. A VSWR value of 1 indicates a perfect impedance match, where there is no reflection and all the power is efficiently transmitted. As the VSWR value increases, it indicates a higher degree of impedance mismatch and more significant signal reflections.
[0100] FIG. 10 shows a level of isolation between oscillators in an array of oscillator in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 10, the level of isolation between the oscillators in the array is less than –285 dB across the operating frequency range of the antenna, e.g., including a range of 3.40 Hz to 3.60 Hz. dB is used to quantify the level of isolation or separation between different components or channels. Isolation refers to the degree to which a signal or component is isolated or separated from unwanted interference or crosstalk. When measuring isolation, dB is used to express the level of attenuation or reduction in unwanted signals or interference compared to the desired signal. A higher dB value indicates a greater degree of isolation or separation between the desired signal and the unwanted signals. For example, if the isolation between two components is measured to be -28.5 dB, it means that the unwanted signal or interference is attenuated by 28.5 dB (or about 0.0032 times) compared to the desired signal. In other words, the undesired signal is significantly reduced, providing a high level of isolation between the components. FIG. 10 shows an embodiment A according to the present disclosure.
[0101] FIG. 11 shows polarization and cross-polarization of oscillators in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. H stands for the magnetic field component of an electromagnetic wave. Referring to FIG. 11, in the range of ±60 degrees, the antenna of the present disclosure exhibits excellent cross-polarization ratio performance. The cross-polarization ratio is a measure of the polarization characteristics of an antenna. It represents the ratio of the radiated power in the cross-polarization direction (perpendicular to the main polarization) to the radiated power in the main polarization direction. A higher cross-polarization ratio indicates better polarization selectivity and reduced cross-polarization radiation. FIG. 11 shows the polarization and cross-polarization of an oscillator under different operating frequencies, including 3.3 GHz (denoted as A’) , 3.4 GHz (denoted as B’) , 3.5 GHz (denoted as C’) , 3.6 GHz (denoted as D’) , and 3.7 GHz (denoted as E’) .
[0102] FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating a respective antenna sub-array in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the antenna includes a plurality of antenna sub-arrays. Optionally, a respective antenna sub-array of the plurality of antenna sub-arrays includes m number of antenna units, m being an integer greater than 1. Referring to FIG. 12, in one particular example, the respective antenna sub-array includes six antenna units. FIG. 12 shows a feed line structure configured to connect to the m number of antenna units. In some embodiments, the respective antenna sub-array includes a feed line structure FLS, a reflector RL, and a gap GP spacing apart the feed line structure FLS and the reflector RL. In one example, the gap GP is an air gap, and the feed line structure FLS is an air-bridged feed line structure. In some embodiments, the gap GP spaces apart the feed line structure FLS and the reflector RL by a distance in a range of 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm, e.g., 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm, 0.2 mm to 0.3 mm, 0.3 mm to 0.4 mm, 0.4 mm to 0.5 mm, 0.5 mm to 0.6 mm, 0.6 mm to 0.7 mm, 0.7 mm to 0.8 mm, 0.8 mm to 0.9 mm, or 0.9 mm to 1.0 mm. In one particular example, the gap GP spaces apart the feed line structure FLS and the reflector RL by 0.5 mm. The air-bridged feed line structure effectively reduces feed loss and enhances the overall performance of the antenna.
[0103] In some embodiments, the respective antenna sub-array includes a 1-to-m power divider, m being an integer greater than 1. FIG. 12 illustrates an example in which m is 6. Referring to FIG. 12, the respective antenna sub-array includes a power divider including m number of ports, including a first port P1, a second port P2, a third port P3, a fourth port P4, a fifth port P5, and a sixth port P6. A respective port of the m number of ports is connected to a respective oscillator unit in the respective antenna sub-array. In some embodiments, the power divider further includes an input port IN configured to receive an input signal.
[0104] In some embodiments, the respective antenna sub-array includes a first power divider including m number of first ports, configured to connect to a +45° polarization port of the feed line network, and a second power divider including m number of second ports, configured to connect to a -45° polarization port of the feed line network.
[0105] FIG. 13 is a perspective view of an antenna comprising a plurality of antenna units arranged in an array in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the antenna includes a pxq number of antenna units arranged in an array, wherein p and q are integers greater than 1, p being a total number of rows of antenna units in the array, and q being a total number of columns of antenna units in the array. Referring to FIG. 13, the antenna in one example includes 6x8 antenna units arranged in an array. In some embodiments, the antenna includes q number of +45° polarization ports PP1 of the feed line network, and q number of -45° polarization ports PP2 of the feed line network. Referring to FIG. 13, the antenna includes eight +45° polarization ports PP1 and eight -45° polarization ports PP2. FIG. 14 shows a curve of voltage standing wave ratio of the polarization ports in the antenna depicted in FIG. 13. Referring to FIG. 14, the voltage standing wave ratios (VSWR) of the polarization ports are less than 1.4, indicating excellent matching performance. FIG. 15 shows levels of isolation between the polarization ports in the antenna depicted in FIG. 13. Referring to FIG. 15, the levels of isolation between the polarization ports are less than 29 dB, indicating excellent isolation.
[0106] FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a respective oscillator structure in a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 17 is a top view of a respective oscillator structure in a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 16 and FIG. 17, the respective antenna unit in some embodiments includes a respective oscillator structure and a feed line structure FLS. Optionally, the respective oscillator structure is electrically connected to the feed line structure FLS. Optionally, the respective antenna unit further includes a reflector RL on a side of the feed line structure FLS away from the respective oscillator structure ROS. Optionally, the respective antenna unit further includes an antenna enclosure AE on a side of the respective oscillator structure away from the feed line structure FLS and the reflector RL. Optionally, the respective antenna unit further includes one or more antenna isolation strips IS. Optionally, the respective antenna unit further includes a gap GP spacing apart the feed line structure FLS and the reflector RL, and the feed line structure FLS is an air-bridged feed line structure.
[0107] In some embodiments, the respective oscillator structure includes a main body MB, and a plurality of supports SP. Optionally, the respective oscillator structure has an n-fold symmetry, and a total number of the plurality of supports is n, n is an integer greater than 1. In one example, n = 4. In some embodiments, the plurality of supports SP protrude away from the main body toward a first side S1 of the main body MB, wherein the feed line structure FLS is on the first side S1 of the main body MB. Optionally, the plurality of supports SP and the main body MB are parts of a unitary structure. Optionally, the plurality of supports SP are connected to the main body MB, respectively. Optionally, the plurality of supports SP are connected to the feed line structure FLS, respectively, thereby forming a plurality of feeding points.
[0108] In some embodiments, the respective oscillator structure further includes a plurality of corner portions CP. A respective corner portion of the plurality of corner portions CP is connected to a respective corner of the main body MB. Optionally, the plurality of corner portions CP are spaced apart from each other. Optionally, the plurality of corner portions CP has an n-fold symmetry, wherein n is an integer greater than 1, and n is a total number of the plurality of corner portions CP. In one example, n = 4. Optionally, an orthographic projection of a respective support of the plurality of supports SP on a base substrate is between orthographic projections of two adjacent corner portions of the plurality of corner portions CP on the base substrate. In one particular example, a total number of the plurality of corner portions CP is 4.
[0109] In some embodiments, the respective oscillator structure further includes a plurality of first apertures AP1. Optionally, a respective first aperture of the plurality of first apertures AP1 is between two adjacent corner portions of the plurality of corner portions CP. Optionally, a respective corner portion of the plurality of corner portions CP is between two adjacent first apertures of the plurality of first apertures AP1. In one particular example, the respective first aperture of the plurality of first apertures AP1 has a rectangular shape. Optionally, the plurality of first apertures AP1 has an n-fold symmetry, wherein n is an integer greater than 1, and n is a total number of the plurality of first apertures AP1. In one example, n = 4.
[0110] In some embodiments, the respective oscillator structure further includes a plurality of bending portions BP. A respective bending portion of the plurality of bending portions BP bends toward a first side S1 of the main body MB. Optionally, the respective bending portion includes a ring structure RS and two extensions ES extending away from the ring structure RS. Optionally, the two extensions ES connect the ring structure RS to two adjacent corner portions of the plurality of corner portions CP, respectively. In one particular example, the ring structure RS is a triangular ring structure. In another example, a respective first aperture of the plurality of first apertures AP1 is surrounded by a portion of the main body MB, portions of two adjacent corner portions, the two extensions ES, and the ring structure RS. Optionally, the plurality of bending portions BP has an n-fold symmetry, wherein n is an integer greater than 1, and n is a total number of the plurality of bending portions BP. In one example, n = 4.
[0111] In some embodiments, the respective oscillator structure further includes a plurality of second apertures AP2. A respective second aperture of the plurality of second apertures AP2 is surrounded by the ring structure RS of the respective bending portion. In some embodiments, the ring structure RS includes a dividing portion DP spacing apart the respective second aperture and the respective first aperture. In one particular example, the respective second aperture of the plurality of second apertures AP2 has a triangular shape. Optionally, the plurality of second apertures AP2 has an n-fold symmetry, wherein n is an integer greater than 1, and n is a total number of the plurality of second apertures AP2. In one example, n = 4.
[0112] In some embodiments, two supports of the plurality of supports SP on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which two bending portions of the plurality of bending portions BP on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged. In some embodiments, two supports of the plurality of supports SP on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which two of the plurality of first apertures AP1 on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged. In some embodiments, two supports of the plurality of supports SP on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction substantially parallel to a direction along which two of the plurality of second apertures AP2 on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged.
[0113] In some embodiments, the respective oscillator structure further includes a plurality of recesses RC. A respective recess of the plurality of recesses RC is partially surrounded by a respective corner portion of the plurality of corner portions CP and two adjacent bending portions of the plurality of bending portions BP. Specifically, the respective recess is partially surrounded by the respective corner portion, one extension of a first bending portion of the two adjacent bending portions, and one extension of a second bending portion of the two adjacent bending portions.
[0114] In some embodiments, the respective oscillator structure further includes a plurality of second bending portions BP2. A respective second bending portion of the plurality of second bending portions BP2 bends toward a first side S1 of the main body MB. Optionally, the respective second bending portion is between two adjacent bending portions of the plurality of bending portions BP. Optionally, a respective bending portion of the plurality of bending portions BP is between two adjacent second bending portions of the plurality of second bending portions BP2. Optionally, the respective second bending portion includes a second ring structure RS2 and two second extensions ES2 extending away from the second ring structure RS2. Optionally, the two second extensions ES2 connect the second ring structure RS2 to a single corner portion of the plurality of corner portions CP. In one particular example, the second ring structure RS2 is a triangular ring structure. Optionally, the plurality of second bending portions BP2 has an n’-fold symmetry, wherein n’ is an integer greater than 1, and n’ is a total number of the plurality of second bending portions BP2. In one example, n’ = 4. In another example, n’ = 2.
[0115] In some embodiments, the respective oscillator structure further includes a plurality of third apertures AP3. Optionally, a respective third aperture of the plurality of third apertures AP3 is between a respective corner portion of the plurality of corner portions CP and the second ring structure RS2 of the respective second bending portion. In one particular example, the respective third aperture of the plurality of third apertures AP3 has a rectangular shape. Optionally, the plurality of third apertures AP3 has an n’-fold symmetry, wherein n’ is an integer greater than 1, and n’ is a total number of the plurality of third apertures AP3. In one example, n’ = 4. In another example, n’ = 2. Optionally, an area of the respective third aperture is less than an area of the respective first aperture.
[0116] In some embodiments, the respective oscillator structure further includes a plurality of fourth apertures AP4. A respective fourth aperture of the plurality of fourth apertures AP4 is surrounded by the second ring structure RS2 of the respective second bending portion. In some embodiments, the second ring structure RS2 includes a second dividing portion DP2 spacing apart the respective fourth aperture and the respective third aperture. In one particular example, the respective fourth aperture of the plurality of fourth apertures AP4 has a triangular shape. Optionally, the plurality of fourth apertures AP4 has an n’-fold symmetry, wherein n’ is an integer greater than 1, and n’ is a total number of the plurality of fourth apertures AP4. In one example, n’ = 4. In another example, n’ = 2. Optionally, an area of the respective fourth aperture is substantially the same as an area of the respective second aperture. As used herein, the term “substantially the same” refers to a difference between two values not exceeding 10%of a base value (e.g., one of the two values) , e.g., not exceeding 8%, not exceeding 6%, not exceeding 4%, not exceeding 2%, not exceeding 1%, not exceeding 0.5%, not exceeding 0.1%, not exceeding 0.05%, and not exceeding 0.01%, of the base value.
[0117] In some embodiments, the plurality of bending portions BP and the plurality of second bending portions BP2 are alternately arranged with respect to the main body MB. In some embodiments, the plurality of first apertures AP1 and the plurality of third apertures AP2 are alternately arranged with respect to the main body MB. In some embodiments, the plurality of second apertures AP2 and the plurality of fourth apertures AP4 are alternately arranged with respect to the main body MB.
[0118] The inventors of the present disclosure discover that, by having the plurality of second bending portions BP2 in addition to the plurality of bending portions BP, a radiation area of the respective antenna unit is increased, leading to an increased antenna gain.
[0119] FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a respective bending portion and a portion of a respective corner portion in the respective antenna unit depicted in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4. Referring to FIG. 3, FIG. 4, and FIG. 18, a respective first aperture of the plurality of first apertures AP1 has a rectangular shape.
[0120] FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a respective oscillator structure in a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a respective bending portion and a portion of a respective corner portion in the respective antenna unit depicted in FIG. 19. Referring to FIG. 19 and FIG. 20, a respective first aperture of the plurality of first apertures AP1 in some embodiments includes a first sub-aperture AP1-1 and a second sub-aperture AP1-2 connected to each other. In some embodiments, the first sub-aperture AP1-1 has a first width w1 along a first direction DR1, and the second sub-aperture AP1-2 has a second width w2 along the first direction DR1, the first width w1 is different from the second width w2. Optionally, the respective corner portion and the respective bending portion are arranged along a direction substantially parallel to the second direction DR2, and the first direction DR1 is different from the second direction. In one example, the first direction DR1 is perpendicular to the second direction DR2. Optionally, the second width w2 is greater than the first width w1. Optionally, an extension of a dividing virtual line DVL dividing the respective bending portion from the respective corner portion divides the first sub-aperture AP1-1 from the second sub-aperture AP1-2. In one particular example, the first sub-aperture AP1-1 has a rectangular shape, and the second sub-aperture AP1-2 has a rectangular shape.
[0121] FIG. 21 is a perspective view of a respective oscillator structure in a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a respective bending portion and a portion of a respective corner portion in the respective antenna unit depicted in FIG. 21. Referring to FIG. 21 and FIG. 22, a respective first aperture of the plurality of first apertures AP1 in some embodiments includes a first sub-aperture AP1-1 and a second sub-aperture AP1-2 connected to each other. In some embodiments, the first sub-aperture AP1-1 has a first width w1 along a first direction DR1, and the second sub-aperture AP1-2 has a second width w2 along the first direction DR1, the first width w1 is different from the second width w2. Optionally, the respective corner portion and the respective bending portion are arranged along a direction substantially parallel to the second direction DR2, and the first direction DR1 is different from the second direction. In one example, the first direction DR1 is perpendicular to the second direction DR2. Optionally, the first width w1 is greater than the second width w2. Optionally, an extension of a dividing virtual line DVL dividing the respective bending portion from the respective corner portion divides the first sub-aperture AP1-1 from the second sub-aperture AP1-2. In one particular example, the first sub-aperture AP1-1 has a rectangular shape, and the second sub-aperture AP1-2 has a rectangular shape.
[0122] FIG. 23 is a perspective view of a respective oscillator structure in a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a respective bending portion and a portion of a respective corner portion in the respective antenna unit depicted in FIG. 23. Referring to FIG. 23 and FIG. 24, a respective first aperture of the plurality of first apertures AP1 in some embodiments includes a first sub-aperture AP1-1 and a second sub-aperture AP1-2 connected to each other. In some embodiments, the first sub-aperture AP1-1 has a first width w1 along a first direction DR1, and the second sub-aperture AP1-2 has a second width w2 along the first direction DR1, the first width w1 is substantially the same as the second width w2. Optionally, the respective corner portion and the respective bending portion are arranged along a direction substantially parallel to the second direction DR2, and the first direction DR1 is different from the second direction. In one example, the first direction DR1 is perpendicular to the second direction DR2. Optionally, an extension of a dividing virtual line DVL dividing the respective bending portion from the respective corner portion divides the first sub-aperture AP1-1 from the second sub-aperture AP1-2. In one particular example, the first sub-aperture AP1-1 has a rectangular shape, and the second sub-aperture AP1-2 has a rectangular shape. The inventors of the present disclosure discover that, by having an enlarged first width and an enlarged second width, more space may be provided for the plurality of supports SP.
[0123] Referring to FIG. 3, FIG. 4, and FIG. 18, the respective first aperture of the plurality of first apertures AP1 in some embodiments includes a first sub-aperture AP1-1 and a second sub-aperture AP1-2 connected to each other. In some embodiments, the first sub-aperture AP1-1 has a first length l1 along a second direction DR2, and the second sub-aperture AP1-2 has a second length l2 along the second direction DR2, the first length l1 is different from the second length l2. Optionally, the respective corner portion and the respective bending portion are arranged along a direction substantially parallel to the second direction DR2. Optionally, the first length l1 is greater than the second length l2. Optionally, an extension of a dividing virtual line DVL dividing the respective bending portion from the respective corner portion divides the first sub-aperture AP1-1 from the second sub-aperture AP1-2. In one particular example, the first sub-aperture AP1-1 has a rectangular shape, and the second sub-aperture AP1-2 has a rectangular shape.
[0124] FIG. 25 is a perspective view of a respective oscillator structure in a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a respective bending portion and a portion of a respective corner portion in the respective antenna unit depicted in FIG. 25. Referring to FIG. 25 and FIG. 26, a respective first aperture of the plurality of first apertures AP1 in some embodiments includes a first sub-aperture AP1-1 and a second sub-aperture AP1-2 connected to each other. In some embodiments, the first sub-aperture AP1-1 has a first length l1 along a second direction DR2, and the second sub-aperture AP1-2 has a second length l2 along the second direction DR2, the first length l1 is substantially the same as the second length l2. Optionally, the respective corner portion and the respective bending portion are arranged along a direction substantially parallel to the second direction DR2. Optionally, an extension of a dividing virtual line DVL dividing the respective bending portion from the respective corner portion divides the first sub-aperture AP1-1 from the second sub-aperture AP1-2. In one particular example, the first sub-aperture AP1-1 has a rectangular shape, and the second sub-aperture AP1-2 has a rectangular shape.
[0125] FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a respective bending portion and a portion of a respective corner portion in a respective antenna unit in an antenna in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 27, a respective first aperture of the plurality of first apertures AP1 in some embodiments includes a first sub-aperture AP1-1 and a second sub-aperture AP1-2 connected to each other. In some embodiments, the first sub-aperture AP1-1 has a first length l1 along a second direction DR2, and the second sub-aperture AP1-2 has a second length l2 along the second direction DR2, the second length l2 is greater than the first length l1. Optionally, the respective corner portion and the respective bending portion are arranged along a direction substantially parallel to the second direction DR2. Optionally, an extension of a dividing virtual line DVL dividing the respective bending portion from the respective corner portion divides the first sub-aperture AP1-1 from the second sub-aperture AP1-2. In one particular example, the first sub-aperture AP1-1 has a rectangular shape, and the second sub-aperture AP1-2 has a rectangular shape.
[0126] FIG. 28 is a perspective view of a respective oscillator structure in a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 29 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a respective bending portion and a portion of a respective corner portion in the respective antenna unit depicted in FIG. 28. Referring to FIG. 28 and FIG. 29, a respective first aperture of the plurality of first apertures AP1 in some embodiments has a trapezoidal shape. Optionally, a smaller base of the trapezoidal shape is along an edge of the respective corner portion, and a larger base of the trapezoidal shape is along an edge of the respective bending portion. In some embodiments, the respective first aperture includes a first sub-aperture AP1-1 and a second sub-aperture AP1-2 connected to each other. Optionally, the first sub-aperture AP1-1 has a first trapezoidal shape, and the second sub-aperture AP1-2 has a second trapezoidal shape. Optionally, a smaller base of the first trapezoidal shape is along an edge of the respective corner portion, a larger base of the first trapezoidal shape is the same as a smaller base of the second trapezoidal shape, and a larger base of the second trapezoidal shape is along an edge of the respective bending portion. Optionally, an extension of a dividing virtual line DVL dividing the respective bending portion from the respective corner portion divides the first sub-aperture AP1-1 from the second sub-aperture AP1-2. Optionally, a respective support of the plurality of supports SP has a trapezoidal shape.
[0127] FIG. 30 is a perspective view of a respective oscillator structure in a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 31 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a respective bending portion and a portion of a respective corner portion in the respective antenna unit depicted in FIG. 30. Referring to FIG. 30 and FIG. 31, a respective first aperture of the plurality of first apertures AP1 in some embodiments has a trapezoidal shape. Optionally, a larger base of the trapezoidal shape is along an edge of the respective corner portion, and a smaller base of the trapezoidal shape is along an edge of the respective bending portion. In some embodiments, the respective first aperture includes a first sub-aperture AP1-1 and a second sub-aperture AP1-2 connected to each other. Optionally, the first sub-aperture AP1-1 has a first trapezoidal shape, and the second sub-aperture AP1-2 has a second trapezoidal shape. Optionally, a larger base of the first trapezoidal shape is along an edge of the respective corner portion, a smaller base of the first trapezoidal shape is the same as a larger base of the second trapezoidal shape, and a smaller base of the second trapezoidal shape is along an edge of the respective bending portion. Optionally, an extension of a dividing virtual line DVL dividing the respective bending portion from the respective corner portion divides the first sub-aperture AP1-1 from the second sub-aperture AP1-2. Optionally, a respective support of the plurality of supports SP has a trapezoidal shape.
[0128] Referring to FIG. 3 to FIG. 5, and FIG. 18, in some embodiments, a respective second aperture of the plurality of second apertures AP2 has a right-angled isosceles triangular shape.
[0129] FIG. 32 is a perspective view of a respective oscillator structure in a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a respective bending portion and a portion of a respective corner portion in the respective antenna unit depicted in FIG. 32. Referring to FIG. 32 and FIG. 33, in some embodiments, a respective second aperture of the plurality of second apertures AP2 has a non-right-angled isosceles triangular shape.
[0130] FIG. 34 is a perspective view of a respective oscillator structure in a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 35 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a respective bending portion and a portion of a respective corner portion in the respective antenna unit depicted in FIG. 34. Referring to FIG. 34 and FIG. 35, in some embodiments, a respective second aperture of the plurality of second apertures AP2 has an equilateral triangular shape.
[0131] FIG. 36 is a perspective view of a respective oscillator structure in a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 37 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a respective bending portion and a portion of a respective corner portion in the respective antenna unit depicted in FIG. 36. Referring to FIG. 36 and FIG. 37, in some embodiments, a respective second aperture of the plurality of second apertures AP2 has a trapezoidal shape.
[0132] FIG. 38 is a perspective view of a respective oscillator structure in a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 39 is a side view of a respective oscillator structure in a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 38 and FIG. 39, in some embodiments, an included angle between a plane containing a surface of a respective corner portion (and optionally the main body MB) and a plane containing a surface of a respective bending portion is substantially zero. Optionally, the included angle α is in a range of -5 degrees to 5 degrees, e.g., -5 degrees to -4 degrees, -4 degrees to -3 degrees, -3 degrees to -2 degrees, -2 degrees to -1 degree, -1 degree to 0 degree, 0 degree to 1 degree, 1 degree to 2 degrees, 2 degrees to 3 degrees, 3 degrees to 4 degrees, or 4 degrees to 5 degrees. In one particular example, the included angle is 0 degree. In some embodiments, a maximum width of an orthographic projection of the respective oscillator structure on the base substrate is in a range of 0.30 to 0.40 times (e.g., 0.30 to 0.31 times, 0.31 to 0.32 times, 0.32 to 0.33 times, 0.33 to 0.34 times, 0.34 to 0.35 times, 0.35 to 0.36 times, 0.36 to 0.37 times, 0.37 to 0.38 times, 0.38 to 0.39 times, or 0.39 to 0.40 times) of the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves that the antenna is designed to transmit or receive.
[0133] FIG. 40 is a perspective view of a respective oscillator structure in a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 41 is a side view of a respective oscillator structure in a respective antenna unit in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 40 and FIG. 41, in some embodiments, the plurality of supports SP protrude away from the main body toward a second side S2 of the main body MB, wherein the feed line structure FLS is on the first side S1 of the main body MB, the second side S2 opposite to the first side S1. Optionally, the plurality of supports SP and the main body MB are parts of a unitary structure. Optionally, the plurality of supports SP are connected to the main body MB, respectively. Optionally, the plurality of supports SP are connected to the feed line structure FLS, respectively, thereby forming a plurality of feeding points.
[0134] In some embodiments, the respective oscillator structure further includes a plurality of corner portions CP. A respective corner portion of the plurality of corner portions CP is connected to a respective corner of the main body MB. Optionally, the plurality of corner portions CP are spaced apart from each other. Optionally, an orthographic projection of a respective support of the plurality of supports SP on a base substrate is between orthographic projections of two adjacent corner portions of the plurality of corner portions CP on the base substrate. In one particular example, a total number of the plurality of corner portions CP is 4.
[0135] In some embodiments, the respective oscillator structure further includes a plurality of first apertures AP1. Optionally, a respective first aperture of the plurality of first apertures AP1 is between two adjacent corner portions of the plurality of corner portions CP. Optionally, a respective corner portion of the plurality of corner portions CP is between two adjacent first apertures of the plurality of first apertures AP1. In one particular example, the respective first aperture of the plurality of first apertures AP1 has a rectangular shape. In one particular example, a total number of the plurality of first apertures AP1 is 4.
[0136] In some embodiments, the respective oscillator structure further includes a plurality of bending portions BP. A respective bending portion of the plurality of bending portions BP bends toward a second side S2 of the main body MB, the second side S2 opposite to the first side S1. Optionally, the respective bending portion includes a ring structure RS and two extensions ES extending away from the ring structure RS. Optionally, the two extensions ES connect the ring structure RS to two adjacent corner portions of the plurality of corner portions CP, respectively. In one particular example, the ring structure RS is a triangular ring structure. In another example, a respective first aperture of the plurality of first apertures AP1 is surrounded by a portion of the main body MB, portions of two adjacent corner portions, the two extensions ES, and the ring structure RS. In one particular example, a total number of the plurality of bending portions BP is 4.
[0137] In some embodiments, the respective oscillator structure further includes a plurality of second apertures AP2. A respective second aperture of the plurality of second apertures AP2 is surrounded by the ring structure RS of the respective bending portion. In some embodiments, the ring structure RS includes a dividing portion DP spacing apart the respective second aperture and the respective first aperture. In one particular example, the respective second aperture of the plurality of second apertures AP2 has a triangular shape. In one particular example, a total number of the plurality of second apertures AP2 is 4.
[0138] In some embodiments, an included angle β between a plane containing a surface of a respective corner portion (and optionally the main body MB) and a plane containing a surface of a respective bending portion is greater than zero. Optionally, the included angle β is in a range of 5 degrees to 120 degrees, e.g., 5 degrees to 10 degrees, 10 degrees to 15 degrees, 15 degrees to 20 degrees, 20 degrees to 25 degrees, 25 degrees to 30 degrees, 30 degrees to 35 degrees, 35 degrees to 40 degrees, 40 degrees to 45 degrees, 45 degrees to 50 degrees, 50 degrees to 55 degrees, 55 degrees to 60 degrees, 60 degrees to 65 degrees, 65 degrees to 70 degrees, 70 degrees to 75 degrees, 75 degrees to 80 degrees, 80 degrees to 85 degrees, 85 degrees to 90 degrees, 90 degrees to 95 degrees, 95 degrees to 100 degrees, 100 degrees to 105 degrees, 105 degrees to 110 degrees, 110 degrees to 115 degrees, or 115 degrees to 120 degrees. In one particular example, the included angle β is 30 degrees.
[0139] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 1, FIG. 3, and FIG. 4, in some embodiments, a respective antenna isolation strip of the one or more antenna isolation strips IS extends along a reference direction RD. In some embodiments, two bending portions of the plurality of bending portions BP on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of 30 degrees to 60 degrees (e.g., 30 degrees to 35 degrees, 35 degrees to 40 degrees, 40 degrees to 45 degrees, 45 degrees to 50 degrees, 50 degrees to 55 degrees, or 55 degrees to 60 degrees) with respect to the reference direction RD. Optionally, two supports of the plurality of supports SP on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of 30 degrees to 60 degrees (e.g., 30 degrees to 35 degrees, 35 degrees to 40 degrees, 40 degrees to 45 degrees, 45 degrees to 50 degrees, 50 degrees to 55 degrees, or 55 degrees to 60 degrees) with respect to the reference direction RD. Optionally, two of the plurality of first apertures AP1 on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of 30 degrees to 60 degrees (e.g., 30 degrees to 35 degrees, 35 degrees to 40 degrees, 40 degrees to 45 degrees, 45 degrees to 50 degrees, 50 degrees to 55 degrees, or 55 degrees to 60 degrees) with respect to the reference direction RD. Optionally, two of the plurality of second apertures AP2 on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of 30 degrees to 60 degrees (e.g., 30 degrees to 35 degrees, 35 degrees to 40 degrees, 40 degrees to 45 degrees, 45 degrees to 50 degrees, 50 degrees to 55 degrees, or 55 degrees to 60 degrees) with respect to the reference direction RD.
[0140] In alternative embodiments, a respective antenna isolation strip of the one or more antenna isolation strips IS extends along a reference direction. In the alternative embodiments, a first pair of two bending portions of the plurality of bending portions BP on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of -5 degrees to 5 degrees (e.g., -5 degrees to -4 degrees, -4 degrees to -3 degrees, -3 degrees to -2 degrees, -2 degrees to -1 degree, -1 degree to 0 degree, 0 degree to 1 degree, 1 degree to 2 degrees, 2 degrees to 3 degrees, 3 degrees to 4 degrees, or 4 degrees to 5 degrees) with respect to the reference direction; and a second pair of two bending portions of the plurality of bending portions BP on another two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of 85 degrees to 95 degrees (e.g., 85 degrees to 86 degrees, 86 degrees to 87 degrees, 87 degrees to 88 degrees, 88 degrees to 89 degree, 89 degree to 90 degree, 90 degree to 91 degree, 91 degree to 92 degrees, 92 degrees to 93 degrees, 93 degrees to 94 degrees, or 94 degrees to 95 degrees) with respect to the reference direction. Optionally, a first pair of two supports of the plurality of supports SP on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of -5 degrees to 5 degrees (e.g., -5 degrees to -4 degrees, -4 degrees to -3 degrees, -3 degrees to -2 degrees, -2 degrees to -1 degree, -1 degree to 0 degree, 0 degree to 1 degree, 1 degree to 2 degrees, 2 degrees to 3 degrees, 3 degrees to 4 degrees, or 4 degrees to 5 degrees) with respect to the reference direction; and a second pair of two supports of the plurality of supports SP on another two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of 85 degrees to 95 degrees (e.g., 85 degrees to 86 degrees, 86 degrees to 87 degrees, 87 degrees to 88 degrees, 88 degrees to 89 degree, 89 degree to 90 degree, 90 degree to 91 degree, 91 degree to 92 degrees, 92 degrees to 93 degrees, 93 degrees to 94 degrees, or 94 degrees to 95 degrees) with respect to the reference direction. Optionally, a first pair of two of the plurality of first apertures AP1 on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of -5 degrees to 5 degrees (e.g., -5 degrees to -4 degrees, -4 degrees to -3 degrees, -3 degrees to -2 degrees, -2 degrees to -1 degree, -1 degree to 0 degree, 0 degree to 1 degree, 1 degree to 2 degrees, 2 degrees to 3 degrees, 3 degrees to 4 degrees, or 4 degrees to 5 degrees) with respect to the reference direction; and a second pair of two of the plurality of first apertures AP1 on another two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of 85 degrees to 95 degrees (e.g., 85 degrees to 86 degrees, 86 degrees to 87 degrees, 87 degrees to 88 degrees, 88 degrees to 89 degree, 89 degree to 90 degree, 90 degree to 91 degree, 91 degree to 92 degrees, 92 degrees to 93 degrees, 93 degrees to 94 degrees, or 94 degrees to 95 degrees) with respect to the reference direction. Optionally, a first pair of two of the plurality of second apertures AP2 on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of -5 degrees to 5 degrees (e.g., -5 degrees to -4 degrees, -4 degrees to -3 degrees, -3 degrees to -2 degrees, -2 degrees to -1 degree, -1 degree to 0 degree, 0 degree to 1 degree, 1 degree to 2 degrees, 2 degrees to 3 degrees, 3 degrees to 4 degrees, or 4 degrees to 5 degrees) with respect to the reference direction; and a second pair of two of the plurality of second apertures AP2 on another two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of 85 degrees to 95 degrees (e.g., 85 degrees to 86 degrees, 86 degrees to 87 degrees, 87 degrees to 88 degrees, 88 degrees to 89 degree, 89 degree to 90 degree, 90 degree to 91 degree, 91 degree to 92 degrees, 92 degrees to 93 degrees, 93 degrees to 94 degrees, or 94 degrees to 95 degrees) with respect to the reference direction.
[0141] Referring to FIG. 16 and FIG. 17, in some embodiments, a first pair of two bending portions of the plurality of bending portions BP on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of 30 degrees to 60 degrees (e.g., 30 degrees to 35 degrees, 35 degrees to 40 degrees, 40 degrees to 45 degrees, 45 degrees to 50 degrees, 50 degrees to 55 degrees, or 55 degrees to 60 degrees) with respect to the reference direction; and a second pair of two bending portions of the plurality of bending portions BP on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of 30 degrees to 60 degrees (e.g., 30 degrees to 35 degrees, 35 degrees to 40 degrees, 40 degrees to 45 degrees, 45 degrees to 50 degrees, 50 degrees to 55 degrees, or 55 degrees to 60 degrees) with respect to the reference direction RD.
[0142] Referring to FIG. 16 and FIG. 17, in some embodiments, a first pair of two second bending portions of the plurality of second bending portions BP2 on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of -5 degrees to 5 degrees (e.g., -5 degrees to -4 degrees, -4 degrees to -3 degrees, -3 degrees to -2 degrees, -2 degrees to -1 degree, -1 degree to 0 degree, 0 degree to 1 degree, 1 degree to 2 degrees, 2 degrees to 3 degrees, 3 degrees to 4 degrees, or 4 degrees to 5 degrees) with respect to the reference direction; and a second pair of two second bending portions of the plurality of second bending portions BP2 on another two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of 85 degrees to 95 degrees (e.g., 85 degrees to 86 degrees, 86 degrees to 87 degrees, 87 degrees to 88 degrees, 88 degrees to 89 degree, 89 degree to 90 degree, 90 degree to 91 degree, 91 degree to 92 degrees, 92 degrees to 93 degrees, 93 degrees to 94 degrees, or 94 degrees to 95 degrees) with respect to the reference direction RD.
[0143] Referring to FIG. 16 and FIG. 17, in some embodiments, a first pair of two supports of the plurality of supports SP on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of 30 degrees to 60 degrees (e.g., 30 degrees to 35 degrees, 35 degrees to 40 degrees, 40 degrees to 45 degrees, 45 degrees to 50 degrees, 50 degrees to 55 degrees, or 55 degrees to 60 degrees) with respect to the reference direction; and a second pair of two supports of the plurality of supports SP on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of 30 degrees to 60 degrees (e.g., 30 degrees to 35 degrees, 35 degrees to 40 degrees, 40 degrees to 45 degrees, 45 degrees to 50 degrees, 50 degrees to 55 degrees, or 55 degrees to 60 degrees) with respect to the reference direction RD.
[0144] Referring to FIG. 16 and FIG. 17, in some embodiments, a first pair of two of the plurality of first apertures AP1 on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of 30 degrees to 60 degrees (e.g., 30 degrees to 35 degrees, 35 degrees to 40 degrees, 40 degrees to 45 degrees, 45 degrees to 50 degrees, 50 degrees to 55 degrees, or 55 degrees to 60 degrees) with respect to the reference direction; and a second pair of two of the plurality of first apertures AP1 on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of 30 degrees to 60 degrees (e.g., 30 degrees to 35 degrees, 35 degrees to 40 degrees, 40 degrees to 45 degrees, 45 degrees to 50 degrees, 50 degrees to 55 degrees, or 55 degrees to 60 degrees) with respect to the reference direction RD.
[0145] Referring to FIG. 16 and FIG. 17, in some embodiments, a first pair of two of the plurality of second apertures AP2 on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of 30 degrees to 60 degrees (e.g., 30 degrees to 35 degrees, 35 degrees to 40 degrees, 40 degrees to 45 degrees, 45 degrees to 50 degrees, 50 degrees to 55 degrees, or 55 degrees to 60 degrees) with respect to the reference direction; and a second pair of two of the plurality of second apertures AP2 on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of 30 degrees to 60 degrees (e.g., 30 degrees to 35 degrees, 35 degrees to 40 degrees, 40 degrees to 45 degrees, 45 degrees to 50 degrees, 50 degrees to 55 degrees, or 55 degrees to 60 degrees) with respect to the reference direction RD.
[0146] Referring to FIG. 16 and FIG. 17, in some embodiments, a first pair of two of the plurality of third apertures AP3 on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of -5 degrees to 5 degrees (e.g., -5 degrees to -4 degrees, -4 degrees to -3 degrees, -3 degrees to -2 degrees, -2 degrees to -1 degree, -1 degree to 0 degree, 0 degree to 1 degree, 1 degree to 2 degrees, 2 degrees to 3 degrees, 3 degrees to 4 degrees, or 4 degrees to 5 degrees) with respect to the reference direction; and a second pair of two of the plurality of third apertures AP3 on another two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of 85 degrees to 95 degrees (e.g., 85 degrees to 86 degrees, 86 degrees to 87 degrees, 87 degrees to 88 degrees, 88 degrees to 89 degree, 89 degree to 90 degree, 90 degree to 91 degree, 91 degree to 92 degrees, 92 degrees to 93 degrees, 93 degrees to 94 degrees, or 94 degrees to 95 degrees) with respect to the reference direction RD.
[0147] Referring to FIG. 16 and FIG. 17, in some embodiments, a first pair of two of the plurality of fourth apertures AP4 on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of -5 degrees to 5 degrees (e.g., -5 degrees to -4 degrees, -4 degrees to -3 degrees, -3 degrees to -2 degrees, -2 degrees to -1 degree, -1 degree to 0 degree, 0 degree to 1 degree, 1 degree to 2 degrees, 2 degrees to 3 degrees, 3 degrees to 4 degrees, or 4 degrees to 5 degrees) with respect to the reference direction; and a second pair of two of the plurality of fourth apertures AP4 on another two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of 85 degrees to 95 degrees (e.g., 85 degrees to 86 degrees, 86 degrees to 87 degrees, 87 degrees to 88 degrees, 88 degrees to 89 degree, 89 degree to 90 degree, 90 degree to 91 degree, 91 degree to 92 degrees, 92 degrees to 93 degrees, 93 degrees to 94 degrees, or 94 degrees to 95 degrees) with respect to the reference direction RD.
[0148] In alternative embodiments, a first pair of two bending portions of the plurality of bending portions BP on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of -5 degrees to 5 degrees (e.g., -5 degrees to -4 degrees, -4 degrees to -3 degrees, -3 degrees to -2 degrees, -2 degrees to -1 degree, -1 degree to 0 degree, 0 degree to 1 degree, 1 degree to 2 degrees, 2 degrees to 3 degrees, 3 degrees to 4 degrees, or 4 degrees to 5 degrees) with respect to the reference direction; and a second pair of two bending portions of the plurality of bending portions BP on another two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of 85 degrees to 95 degrees (e.g., 85 degrees to 86 degrees, 86 degrees to 87 degrees, 87 degrees to 88 degrees, 88 degrees to 89 degree, 89 degree to 90 degree, 90 degree to 91 degree, 91 degree to 92 degrees, 92 degrees to 93 degrees, 93 degrees to 94 degrees, or 94 degrees to 95 degrees) with respect to the reference direction RD.
[0149] In the alternative embodiments, a first pair of two second bending portions of the plurality of second bending portions BP2 on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of 30 degrees to 60 degrees (e.g., 30 degrees to 35 degrees, 35 degrees to 40 degrees, 40 degrees to 45 degrees, 45 degrees to 50 degrees, 50 degrees to 55 degrees, or 55 degrees to 60 degrees) with respect to the reference direction; and a second pair of two second bending portions of the plurality of second bending portions BP2 on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of 30 degrees to 60 degrees (e.g., 30 degrees to 35 degrees, 35 degrees to 40 degrees, 40 degrees to 45 degrees, 45 degrees to 50 degrees, 50 degrees to 55 degrees, or 55 degrees to 60 degrees) with respect to the reference direction RD.
[0150] In the alternative embodiments, a first pair of two supports of the plurality of supports SP on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of -5 degrees to 5 degrees (e.g., -5 degrees to -4 degrees, -4 degrees to -3 degrees, -3 degrees to -2 degrees, -2 degrees to -1 degree, -1 degree to 0 degree, 0 degree to 1 degree, 1 degree to 2 degrees, 2 degrees to 3 degrees, 3 degrees to 4 degrees, or 4 degrees to 5 degrees) with respect to the reference direction; and a second pair of two supports of the plurality of supports SP on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of 85 degrees to 95 degrees (e.g., 85 degrees to 86 degrees, 86 degrees to 87 degrees, 87 degrees to 88 degrees, 88 degrees to 89 degree, 89 degree to 90 degree, 90 degree to 91 degree, 91 degree to 92 degrees, 92 degrees to 93 degrees, 93 degrees to 94 degrees, or 94 degrees to 95 degrees) with respect to the reference direction RD.
[0151] In the alternative embodiments, a first pair of two of the plurality of first apertures AP1 on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of -5 degrees to 5 degrees (e.g., -5 degrees to -4 degrees, -4 degrees to -3 degrees, -3 degrees to -2 degrees, -2 degrees to -1 degree, -1 degree to 0 degree, 0 degree to 1 degree, 1 degree to 2 degrees, 2 degrees to 3 degrees, 3 degrees to 4 degrees, or 4 degrees to 5 degrees) with respect to the reference direction; and a second pair of two of the plurality of first apertures AP1 on another two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of 85 degrees to 95 degrees (e.g., 85 degrees to 86 degrees, 86 degrees to 87 degrees, 87 degrees to 88 degrees, 88 degrees to 89 degree, 89 degree to 90 degree, 90 degree to 91 degree, 91 degree to 92 degrees, 92 degrees to 93 degrees, 93 degrees to 94 degrees, or 94 degrees to 95 degrees) with respect to the reference direction RD.
[0152] In the alternative embodiments, a first pair of two of the plurality of second apertures AP2 on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of -5 degrees to 5 degrees (e.g., -5 degrees to -4 degrees, -4 degrees to -3 degrees, -3 degrees to -2 degrees, -2 degrees to -1 degree, -1 degree to 0 degree, 0 degree to 1 degree, 1 degree to 2 degrees, 2 degrees to 3 degrees, 3 degrees to 4 degrees, or 4 degrees to 5 degrees) with respect to the reference direction; and a second pair of two of the plurality of second apertures AP2 on another two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of 85 degrees to 95 degrees (e.g., 85 degrees to 86 degrees, 86 degrees to 87 degrees, 87 degrees to 88 degrees, 88 degrees to 89 degree, 89 degree to 90 degree, 90 degree to 91 degree, 91 degree to 92 degrees, 92 degrees to 93 degrees, 93 degrees to 94 degrees, or 94 degrees to 95 degrees) with respect to the reference direction RD.
[0153] In the alternative embodiments, a first pair of two of the plurality of third apertures AP3 on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of 30 degrees to 60 degrees (e.g., 30 degrees to 35 degrees, 35 degrees to 40 degrees, 40 degrees to 45 degrees, 45 degrees to 50 degrees, 50 degrees to 55 degrees, or 55 degrees to 60 degrees) with respect to the reference direction; and a second pair of two of the plurality of third apertures AP3 on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of 30 degrees to 60 degrees (e.g., 30 degrees to 35 degrees, 35 degrees to 40 degrees, 40 degrees to 45 degrees, 45 degrees to 50 degrees, 50 degrees to 55 degrees, or 55 degrees to 60 degrees) with respect to the reference direction RD.
[0154] In the alternative embodiments, a first pair of two of the plurality of fourth apertures AP4 on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of 30 degrees to 60 degrees (e.g., 30 degrees to 35 degrees, 35 degrees to 40 degrees, 40 degrees to 45 degrees, 45 degrees to 50 degrees, 50 degrees to 55 degrees, or 55 degrees to 60 degrees) with respect to the reference direction; and a second pair of two of the plurality of fourth apertures AP4 on two opposite sides of the main body MB are arranged along a direction at an included angle in a range of 30 degrees to 60 degrees (e.g., 30 degrees to 35 degrees, 35 degrees to 40 degrees, 40 degrees to 45 degrees, 45 degrees to 50 degrees, 50 degrees to 55 degrees, or 55 degrees to 60 degrees) with respect to the reference direction RD.
[0155] The respective first aperture may have various appropriate shapes. Examples of appropriate shapes for the respective first aperture include an H shape, a T shape, an E shape, a cross shape, and a polygonal shape.
[0156] The respective second aperture may have various appropriate shapes. Examples of appropriate shapes for the respective second aperture include a polygonal shape, a letter shape (e.g., letter A, letter B, etc. ) , a number shape (e.g., number 1, number 2, etc. ) , a shape of a Chinese character, a star shape, and a flower shape.
[0157] The respective third aperture may have various appropriate shapes. Examples of appropriate shapes for the respective third aperture include an H shape, a T shape, an E shape, a cross shape, and a polygonal shape.
[0158] The respective fourth aperture may have various appropriate shapes. Examples of appropriate shapes for the respective fourth aperture include a polygonal shape, a letter shape (e.g., letter A, letter B, etc. ) , a number shape (e.g., number 1, number 2, etc. ) , a shape of a Chinese character, a star shape, and a flower shape.
[0159] Various alternative implementations may be practiced in the present disclosure. For example, the plurality of bending portions may bend toward different sides with respect to the main body. In some embodiments, at least one of the bending portion of the plurality of bending portions bends toward a first side of the main body; and with respect to at least another of the bending portion, an included angle between a plane containing a surface of a respective corner portion (and optionally the main body MB) and a plane containing a surface of the at least another of the bending portion is substantially zero. In alternative embodiments, at least one of the bending portion of the plurality of bending portions bends toward a first side of the main body; and at least another of the bending portion of the plurality of bending portions bends toward a second side of the main body, the second side opposite to the first side. In alternative embodiments, at least one of the bending portion of the plurality of bending portions bends toward a second side of the main body; and with respect to at least another of the bending portion, an included angle between a plane containing a surface of a respective corner portion (and optionally the main body MB) and a plane containing a surface of the at least another of the bending portion is substantially zero.
[0160] The foregoing description of the embodiments of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form or to exemplary embodiments disclosed. Accordingly, the foregoing description should be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive. Obviously, many modifications and variations will be apparent to practitioners skilled in this art. The embodiments are chosen and described in order to explain the principles of the invention and its best mode practical application, thereby to enable persons skilled in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use or implementation contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims appended hereto and their equivalents in which all terms are meant in their broadest reasonable sense unless otherwise indicated. Therefore, the term “the invention” , “the present invention” or the like does not necessarily limit the claim scope to a specific embodiment, and the reference to exemplary embodiments of the invention does not imply a limitation on the invention, and no such limitation is to be inferred. The invention is limited only by the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Moreover, these claims may refer to use “first” , “second” , etc. following with noun or element. Such terms should be understood as a nomenclature and should not be construed as giving the limitation on the number of the elements modified by such nomenclature unless specific number has been given. Any advantages and benefits described may not apply to all embodiments of the invention. It should be appreciated that variations may be made in the embodiments described by persons skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims. Moreover, no element and component in the present disclosure is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether the element or component is explicitly recited in the following claims.
Claims
1.An antenna, comprising a plurality of antenna units;wherein a respective antenna unit of the plurality of antenna units comprises a respective oscillator structure and a feed line structure;wherein the respective oscillator structure comprises a main body; a plurality of supports; a plurality of corner portions; a plurality of first apertures; a plurality of bending portions; and a plurality of second apertures;wherein a respective corner portion of the plurality of corner portions is connected to a respective corner of the main body;a respective first aperture of the plurality of first apertures is between two adjacent corner portions of the plurality of corner portions;a respective bending portion comprises a ring structure and two extensions extending away from the ring structure;the two extensions connect the ring structure to two adjacent corner portions of the plurality of corner portions, respectively; anda respective second aperture of the plurality of second apertures is surrounded by the ring structure of the respective bending portion.2.The antenna of claim 1, wherein the ring structure comprises a dividing portion spacing apart the respective second aperture and the respective first aperture.3.The antenna of claim 1, wherein the respective oscillator structure further comprises a plurality of recesses; anda respective recess of the plurality of recesses is partially surrounded by the respective corner portion, one extension of a first bending portion of two adjacent bending portions, and one extension of a second bending portion of the two adjacent bending portions.4.The antenna of claim 3, wherein, in an unfolded state of the respective oscillator structure, the respective recess has a width along a direction intersecting a center of the main body and substantially parallel to a direction along which two corner portions of the plurality of corner portions are arranged;the width is between an individual corner portion of the plurality of corner portions partially surrounding the respective recess and a virtual line connecting edges of rings respectively of two adjacent bending portions of the plurality of bending portions;the width is in a range of 0.01 to 0.10 times of a wavelength of electromagnetic waves that the antenna is designed to transmit or receive; andthe wavelength is in a range of 0.1 mm to 1 meter.5.The antenna of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the respective antenna unit further comprises one or more antenna isolation strips;a respective isolation strip of the one or more antenna isolation strips comprises a groove; anda ratio of a width of the groove to a depth of the groove is in a range of 2: 1 to 6: 1.6.The antenna of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the respective antenna unit further comprises one or more antenna isolation strips;a respective isolation strip of the one or more antenna isolation strips comprises a groove; andthe groove has a mirror symmetry with respect to a first plane intersecting the respective oscillator structure and perpendicular to the respective oscillator structure, the respective oscillator structure has a mirror symmetry with respect to a second plane intersecting the respective oscillator structure and perpendicular to the respective oscillator structure, wherein the first plane and the second plane substantially overlap with each other.7.The antenna of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the respective antenna unit further comprises one or more antenna isolation strips;a respective isolation strip of the one or more antenna isolation strips comprises a groove; andthe groove has a mirror symmetry with respect to a first plane intersecting the respective isolation strip and perpendicular to the respective isolation strip, the respective isolation strip has a mirror symmetry with respect to a second plane intersecting the respective isolation strip and perpendicular to the respective isolation strip, wherein the first plane and the second plane substantially overlap with each other.8.The antenna of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein antenna comprises a plurality of antenna sub-arrays;a respective antenna sub-array of the plurality of antenna sub-arrays comprises m number of antenna units, m being an integer greater than 1;the respective antenna sub-array comprises a power divider including m number of ports; anda respective port of the m number of ports is connected to a respective oscillator unit in the respective antenna sub-array.9.The antenna of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the respective oscillator structure further comprises a plurality of second bending portions;a respective second bending portion of the plurality of second bending portions is between two adjacent bending portions of the plurality of bending portions;a respective bending portion of the plurality of bending portions is between two adjacent second bending portions of the plurality of second bending portions;the respective second bending portion comprises a second ring structure and two second extensions extending away from the second ring structure; andthe two second extensions connect the second ring structure to a single corner portion of the plurality of corner portions.10.The antenna of claim 9, wherein the respective oscillator structure further comprises a plurality of third apertures and a plurality of fourth apertures;a respective third aperture of the plurality of third apertures is between the respective corner portion and the second ring structure;a respective fourth aperture of the plurality of fourth apertures is surrounded by the second ring structure; andthe second ring structure comprises a second dividing portion spacing apart the respective fourth aperture and the respective third aperture.11.The antenna of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the respective first aperture comprises a first sub-aperture and a second sub-aperture connected to each other;an extension of a dividing virtual line dividing the respective bending portion from the respective corner portion divides the first sub-aperture from the second sub-aperture;the first sub-aperture has a first width along a first direction, and the second sub-aperture has a second width along the first direction; andthe respective corner portion and the respective bending portion are arranged along a direction substantially parallel to a second direction, and the first direction is different from the second direction.12.The antenna of claim 11, wherein the first width is different from the second width.13.The antenna of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the respective first aperture comprises a first sub-aperture and a second sub-aperture connected to each other;an extension of a dividing virtual line dividing the respective bending portion from the respective corner portion divides the first sub-aperture from the second sub-aperture;the first sub-aperture has a first length along a second direction, and the second sub-aperture has a second length along the second direction; andthe respective corner portion and the respective bending portion are arranged along a direction substantially parallel to the second direction.14.The antenna of claim 13, wherein the first length is different from the second length.15.The antenna of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein a respective first aperture of the plurality of first apertures has a trapezoidal shape;the respective first aperture comprises a first sub-aperture and a second sub-aperture connected to each other;an extension of a dividing virtual line dividing the respective bending portion from the respective corner portion divides the first sub-aperture from the second sub-aperture;the first sub-aperture has a first trapezoidal shape; andthe second sub-aperture has a second trapezoidal shape.16.The antenna of claim 15, wherein a smaller base of the trapezoidal shape is along an edge of the respective corner portion, and a larger base of the trapezoidal shape is along an edge of the respective bending portion;a smaller base of the first trapezoidal shape is along an edge of the respective corner portion;a larger base of the first trapezoidal shape is the same as a smaller base of the second trapezoidal shape; anda larger base of the second trapezoidal shape is along an edge of the respective bending portion.17.The antenna of claim 15, wherein a larger base of the trapezoidal shape is along an edge of the respective corner portion;a smaller base of the trapezoidal shape is along an edge of the respective bending portion;a larger base of the first trapezoidal shape is along an edge of the respective corner portion;a smaller base of the first trapezoidal shape is the same as a larger base of the second trapezoidal shape; anda smaller base of the second trapezoidal shape is along an edge of the respective bending portion.18.The antenna of any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the respective second aperture has a right-angled isosceles triangular shape, a non-right-angled isosceles triangular shape, an equilateral triangular shape, or a trapezoidal shape.19.The antenna of any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the plurality of supports protrude away from the main body toward a first side of the main body;the feed line structure is on the first side of the main body; andat least one bending portion of the plurality of bending portions bends toward the first side of the main body.20.The antenna of any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the plurality of supports protrude away from the main body toward a first side of the main body;the feed line structure is on the first side of the main body; andat least one bending portion of the plurality of bending portions bends toward a second side of the main body, the second side being opposite to the first side.