Compositions for whitening skin
A skin care supplement composition combining melon concentrate powder, pomegranate fruit extract, and olive fruit extract addresses the challenges of skin whitening and protection by enhancing skin health and providing antioxidant benefits, achieving significant improvements in skin health metrics.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/115743
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-09-01
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-06
AI Technical Summary
Current skin care products lack effective solutions for skin whitening, protection from ultra-violet light, and antioxidant benefits, particularly in achieving even pigmentation and reducing damage from free radicals.
A skin care supplement composition combining melon concentrate powder or yeast with high superoxide dismutase content, pomegranate fruit extract rich in polyphenols, and olive fruit extract with hydroxytyrosol, which are formulated into various dosage forms such as tablets, capsules, or powders for oral administration.
The composition effectively whitens the skin, enhances skin health, provides protection against ultra-violet light and free radicals, and exhibits synergistic effects that lead to statistically significant improvements in skin health metrics compared to using the ingredients alone.
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2024115743-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2024115743-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2024115743-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
COMPOSITIONS FOR WHITENING SKIN
[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0002] This application claims the benefit of priority from PCT Application No. PCT / CN2023 / 116586, filed on September 1, 2023, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0003] This document relates to the field of skin care supplements. For example, this document relates to compositions useful for whitening skin of a subject and / or useful for protecting the skin from free radicals and / or ultra-violet light.BACKGROUND
[0004] Skin whitening is a very popular treatment in Asian populations. In these cultures, for many consumers, skin whitening can be a sign of beauty and affluence. In addition to Asian populations, cosmetics consumers in western countries now recognize that skin whitening (or as western consumers call it, skin brightening / lightening) is very desirable for treating skin issues such as uneven pigmentation that can arise from excessive sun exposure, age spots, freckles, and so on. Also, recent studies have shown that one hallmark of youthful skin is its luminescence. Contributing to the luminescent skin of youth is even pigmentation, healthy oxygenated skin, and an unblemished skin surface. Further, skin issues can be caused by ultra-violet light exposure and free radicals.SUMMARY
[0005] This document provides skin care supplement compositions. For example, this document provides skin care supplement compositions useful for human or animal consumption. The skin care supplement compositions provided herein can whiten skin, protect skin from ultra-violet light and skin antioxidant. In general, the supplement compositions provided herein include melon concentrate powder or yeast, pomegranate fruit extract, and olive fruit extract.
[0006] In general, the skin care supplement compositions described herein can improve skin health of a subject that was administered the composition. As provided herein, the skin health supplement compositions can include one or more of the benefits described herein. The combination of ingredients in the compositions, including the melon concentrate powder, the pomegranate fruit extract, and the olive fruit extract, offers diverse and complimentary mechanisms of action for the subject’s general skin health and skin whitening.
[0007] For example, the supplement compositions provided herein can act to provide skin benefits. In some cases, the skin care supplement compositions provided herein also can act to prevent or protect skin from damaging or overexposure to ultra-violet light and free radicals, thereby providing skin benefits. In addition, the skin care supplement compositions provided herein can have an antioxidant effect, thereby imparting skin protection benefits. In some cases, the combination of the melon concentrate powder, the pomegranate fruit extract, and the olive fruit extract in the composition can provide synergistic effects (e.g., on reducing the percentage of melanin content) , resulting in skin health benefits at a level that is statistically significantly greater than the level that is obtained using the melon concentrate powder, the pomegranate fruit extract, or the olive fruit extract alone, or that is obtained using any two of the three ingredients without the third.
[0008] In one aspect, compositions are provided that include melon concentrate powder or yeast including at least 1000 IU / g to 100000 IU / g of superoxide dismutase; pomegranate fruit extract including at least 5 wt%polyphenols, based on the total weight of the pomegranate fruit extract; and olive fruit extract including at least 1 wt%hydroxytyrosol, based on the total weight of the olive fruit extract.
[0009] In some embodiments, the composition includes about 0.2 wt%to about 84 wt%wt%of the melon concentrate powder, about 0.01 wt%to about 99.6 wt%of the pomegranate fruit extract, and about 0.01 wt%to about 99.6 wt%of the olive fruit extract, based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the composition includes about 1.6 wt%to about 20 wt%of the melon concentrate powder, about 10 wt%to about 55.6 wt%of the pomegranate fruit extract, and about 37.5 wt%to about 87 wt%of the olive fruit extract, based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the pomegranate fruit extract includes at least 10 wt%, at least 20 wt%, at least 30 wt%, or at least 40 wt%of polyphenols, based on the total weight of the pomegranate fruit extract.
[0010] In some embodiments, the pomegranate fruit extract further includes punicalagins. In some embodiments, the pomegranate fruit extract includes at least 10 wt%, at least 15 wt%, or at least 20 wt%of punicalagins, based on the total weight of the pomegranate fruit extract. In some embodiments, the melon concentrate powder includes at least 12000 IU / g of superoxide dismutase or at least 14000 IU / g of superoxide dismutase. In some embodiments, the olive fruit extract includes at least 5 wt%, at least 8 wt%, or at least 10%hydroxytyrosol based on the total weight of the olive fruit extract.
[0011] In some embodiments, at least one tablet, capsule, candy, gummy, jelly, freeze-dried block, or soft gel includes a full serving of the composition. In some embodiments, two tablets, capsules, candies, gummies, jellies, freeze-dried blocks, or soft gels in combination include a full serving of the composition. In some embodiments, three tablets, capsules, candies, gummies, jellies, freeze-dried blocks, or soft gels in combination include a full serving of the composition. In some embodiments, the tablet, capsule, candy, gummy, jelly, freeze-dried block, or soft gel further includes one or more of a sugar alcohol, starch, resistant dextrin, sweetener, xanthan gum, gelatin, guar gum, carrageenan, glucose fructose syrup, maltose syrup, pectin, lactose, magnesium stearate, maltodextrin, fruit powder, coating material, microcrystalline cellulose, sucralose, silicon dioxide, citric acid, flavorings, and stearic acid.
[0012] In some embodiments, the composition is a powder or granules. In some embodiments, the powder further includes one or more of sugar alcohol, fructose, maltodextrin, fruit powder, sucralose, steviol glycosides, citric acid, and malic acid.
[0013] In some embodiments, the composition is a liquid product. In some embodiments, the liquid product further includes one or more of sugar, syrup, fruit juice, sucralose, citric acid, and flavoring.
[0014] In some embodiments, a full serving of the composition includes about 2 mg to about 100 mg of the melon concentrate powder, about 20 mg to about 500 mg of the pomegranate fruit extract, and about 20 mg to about 500 mg of the olive fruit extract. In some embodiments, a full serving of the composition includes about 10 mg to about 50 mg of the melon concentrate powder, about 50 mg to about 200 mg of the pomegranate fruit extract, and about 150 mg to about 400 mg of the olive fruit extract. In some embodiments, a full serving of the composition includes about 20 mg to about 30 mg of the melon concentrate powder, about 60 mg to about 150 mg of the pomegranate fruit extract, and about 160 mg to about 400 mg of the olive fruit extract.
[0015] In some embodiments, the composition can further include one or more additional active ingredients. In some embodiments, the additional active ingredients comprise one or more of sodium hyaluronate, β-carotene, white tomato extract, grape seed extract, collagen peptide, Rosa roxburghii powder, acerola cherry powder, red rose powder, green tea powder, fruit powder, vitamins, minerals, Haematococcus pluvialis extract, sea buckthorn seed, black chokeberry, blue anthocyanin, Phyllanthi Fructus, and red juice orange powder.
[0016] In another aspect, methods of treating, reducing, or preventing free radical damage to skin of a subject are provided. Such methods typically include administering an effective amount of a composition as described herein to the subject.
[0017] In some embodiments, an effective amount of the composition includes about 2 mg to about 100 mg of the melon concentrate powder, about 20 mg to about 500 mg of the pomegranate fruit extract, and about 20 mg to about 500 mg of the olive fruit extract. In some embodiments, an effective amount of the composition includes about 10 mg to about 50 mg of the melon concentrate powder, about 50 mg to about 200 mg of the pomegranate fruit extract, and about 150 mg to about 400 mg of the olive fruit extract. In some embodiments, an effective amount of the composition includes about 20 mg to about 30 mg of the melon concentrate powder, about 60 mg to about 150 mg of the pomegranate fruit extract, and about 160 mg to about 400 mg of the olive fruit extract.
[0018] In some embodiments, the composition is administered orally. In some embodiments, the composition further includes a pharmaceutical excipient. In some embodiments, the subject is a human.
[0019] In still another aspect, methods of whitening skin of a subject are provided. Such methods typically include administering an effective amount of a composition as described herein to the subject.
[0020] In some embodiments, an effective amount of the composition includes about 2 mg to about 100 mg of the melon concentrate powder, about 20 mg to about 500 mg of the pomegranate fruit extract, and about 20 mg to about 500 mg of the olive fruit extract. In some embodiments, an effective amount of the composition includes about 10 mg to about 50 mg of the melon concentrate powder, about 50 mg to about 200 mg of the pomegranate fruit extract, and about 150 mg to about 400 mg of the olive fruit extract. In some embodiments, an effective amount of the composition includes about 20 mg to about 30 mg of the melon concentrate powder, about 60 mg to about 150 mg of the pomegranate fruit extract, and about 160 mg to about 400 mg of the olive fruit extract.
[0021] In some embodiments, the composition is administered orally. In some embodiments, the composition further includes a pharmaceutical excipient. In some embodiments, the subject is a human.
[0022] In yet another aspect, methods of reducing ultra-violet light damage on skin of a subject are provided. Such methods typically include administering an effective amount of a composition as described herein to the subject.
[0023] In some embodiments, an effective amount of the composition includes about 2 mg to about 100 mg of the melon concentrate powder, about 20 mg to about 500 mg of the pomegranate fruit extract, and about 20 mg to about 500 mg of the olive fruit extract. In some embodiments, an effective amount of the composition includes about 10 mg to about 50 mg of the melon concentrate powder, about 50 mg to about 200 mg of the pomegranate fruit extract, and about 150 mg to about 400 mg of the olive fruit extract. In some embodiments, an effective amount of the composition includes about 20 mg to about 30 mg of the melon concentrate powder, about 60 mg to about 150 mg of the pomegranate fruit extract, and about 160 mg to about 400 mg of the olive fruit extract.
[0024] In some embodiments, the composition is administered orally. In some embodiments, the composition further includes a pharmaceutical excipient. In some embodiments, the subject is a human.
[0025] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used to practice the invention, suitable methods and materials are described below. All publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control. In addition, the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting.
[0026] The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0027] FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating the steps of a clinical trial.
[0028] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the classification of skin colors.
[0029] FIGS. 3A-3C are graphs plotting the effects of a composition provided herein on antioxidant markers in blood. FIG. 3A: TEAC; FIG. 3B: SOD; FIG. 3C: GPx. Compared to week 0: *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001. Compared to placebo: #, p < 0.05; ##, p < 0.01; ###, p < 0.001.
[0030] FIGS. 4A-4E include graphs plotting skin metrics test results, as well as representative images showing test group subjects before and after intake of the composition for 12 weeks. FIG. 4A is a graph plotting L*values. FIG. 4B includes a graph plotting ITA° values (top) , and a pair of representative images (bottom) showing overall skin brightness of a test subject from the treatment group (TG) at weeks 0 and 12. FIG. 4C includes a graph plotting numbers of spots (top) , and a pair of representative images (bottom) showing a comparison of skin pigmentation in images at weeks 0 and 12 in a subject in the TG. FIG. 4D includes a graph plotting a*values (top) and representative images (bottom) showing a comparison of skin redness at weeks 0 and 12 for a subject in the TG. FIG. 4E includes a graph plotting the number of wrinkles (top) and a pair of representative images (bottom) showing a comparison of skin wrinkles at weeks 0 and 12 in a subject in the TG. Compared to week 0: *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001. Compared to placebo: #, p < 0.05; ##, p < 0.01; ###, p < 0.001.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0031] This document provides skin care supplement compositions that contain melon concentrate powder, pomegranate fruit extract, and olive fruit extract. For example, a skin care supplement composition provided herein can include melon concentrate powder or yeast comprising at least 1000 IU / g to 100000 IU / g of superoxide dismutase; pomegranate fruit extract comprising at least 5 wt%polyphenols, based on the total weight of the pomegranate fruit extract; and olive fruit extract comprising at least 1 wt%hydroxytyrosol, based on the total weight of the olive fruit extract. The skin care supplement composition provided herein can include about 0.2 wt%to about 84 wt%wt%of the melon concentrate powder, about 0.01 wt%to about 99.6 wt%of the pomegranate fruit extract, and about 0.01 wt%to about 99.6 wt%of the olive fruit extract, based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the pomegranate fruit extract is optional (i.e., the skin care supplement composition provided herein can include about 0.2 wt%to about 84 wt%wt%of the melon concentrate powder and about 0.01 wt%to about 99.6 wt%of the olive fruit extract, based on the total weight of the composition) . In some embodiments, the olive fruit powder is optional (i.e., the skin care supplement composition provided herein can include about 0.2 wt%to about 84 wt%wt%of the melon concentrate powder and about 0.01 wt%to about 99.6 wt%of the pomegranate fruit extract, based on the total weight of the composition) . A skin care supplement composition can be in the form of a liquid, solution, suspension, tablet, powder, cream, mist, atomized vapor, aerosol, soft gelatin capsule, hard gelatin capsule, a gel, a confectionary, a shake, a bar, candy, gummy, jelly, freeze-dried block, and a supplemented food. For example, a skin care supplement composition can be formulated as tablet, capsule, candy, gummy, jelly, freeze-dried block, or soft gel.
[0032] As described herein, the skin care supplement compositions provided herein can contain melon concentrate powder or yeast. The melon concentrate powder or yeast can be obtained using any appropriate process, and can be from any appropriate source. In some embodiments, the skin care supplement compositions include melon concentrate powder. In some embodiments, the skin care supplement compositions include yeast. In some cases, the melon concentrate powder or yeast can be obtained commercially. For example, the melon concentrate powder or yeast can be obtained from Robertet (Grasse, France) . A skin care supplement composition provided herein can include at least 0.2 wt%of the melon concentrate powder or yeast. For example, at least 0.2 weight percent (e.g., at least 0.55, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or 15 weight percent) of a skin care supplement composition provided herein can be the melon concentrate powder or yeast. In some cases, the skin care supplement composition can include from about 0.2 wt%to about 84 wt%of the melon concentrate powder or yeast. For example, a skin care supplement composition can include from about 1 wt%to about 50 wt%, from about 1 wt%to about 25 wt%, about 1.6 wt%to about 20 wt%, or from about 2 wt%to about 15 wt%of the melon concentrate powder or yeast.
[0033] In some cases, a skin care supplement composition provided herein can include a daily dosage of about 2 mg to about 100 mg (e.g., about 5 mg to about 90 mg, about 5 mg to about 80 mg, about 5 mg to about 70 mg, about 5 mg to about 60 mg, about 10 mg to about 50 mg of the melon concentrate powder or yeast. In some cases, a skin care supplement composition provided herein can be formulated to include an amount of the melon concentrate powder or yeast such that a daily dose of about 2 mg to about 100 mg (e.g., about 5 mg to about 90 mg, about 5 mg to about 80 mg, about 5 mg to about 70 mg, about 5 mg to about 60 mg, about 10 mg to about 50 mg) of the melon concentrate powder or yeast can be conveniently administered. In some cases, a skin care supplement composition provided herein can be formulated to include an amount of the melon concentrate powder or yeast such that a daily dose is about 2 mg to about 100 mg (e.g., about 10 mg to about 50 mg, about 5 mg to about 20 mg, about 20 mg to about 30 mg, or about 30 mg to about 100 mg) .
[0034] The melon concentrate powder or yeast of the skin care supplement composition can include superoxide dismutase. In some cases, The melon concentrate powder or yeast provided herein can include at least 1000 IU / g of superoxide dismutase (e.g., at least about 5000 IU / g, 10000 IU / g, 12000 IU / g, 14000 IU / g, 20000 IU / g, 30000 IU / g, 40000 IU / g, 50000 IU / g, 75000 IU / g, or 90000 IU / g) of superoxide dismutase. For example, the melon concentrate powder or yeast of the skin care supplement composition can include about 1000 IU / g to about 100000 IU / g (e.g., about 10000 IU / g to about 90000 IU / g, about 10000 IU / g to about 75000 IU / g, about 10000 IU / g to about 50000 IU / g, or about 10000 IU / g to about 25000 IU / g) of superoxide dismutase. In some embodiments, the melon concentrate powder or yeast of the skin care supplement composition includes about 14000 IU / g.
[0035] The skin care supplement compositions provided herein also includes a pomegranate fruit extract. The pomegranate fruit extract can be obtained using any appropriate process. In some cases, a pomegranate fruit extract can be obtained commercially. For example, a pomegranate fruit extract can be obtained from eUROMED (Barcelona, Spain) . The skin care supplement compositions provided herein can include at least about 0.01 wt%of the pomegranate fruit extract. For example, at least 1 weight percent (e.g., at least 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, or 75weight percent) of a skin care supplement composition provided herein can be pomegranate fruit extract. In some cases, a skin care supplement composition can include about 0.01 wt%to about 99.6 wt%of the pomegranate fruit extract. For example, a skin care supplement composition can include about 10 wt%to about 75 wt%, about 10 wt%to about 55.6 wt%, about 10 wt%to about 40 wt%, about 20 wt%to about 50 wt%, about 10 wt%to about 20 wt%, or about 40 wt%to about 60 wt%of the pomegranate fruit extract.
[0036] In some cases, a skin care supplement composition provided herein can include about 20 mg to about 500 mg (e.g., about 30 mg to about 450 mg, about 40 mg to about 400 mg, about 50 mg to about 350 mg, about 50 mg to about 300 mg, about 50 mg to about 250 mg, about 50 mg to about 200 mg, about 20 mg to about 60 mg, about 60 mg to about 150 mg, or about 150 mg to about 500 mg) of the pomegranate fruit extract. In some cases, a skin care supplement composition provided herein can be formulated to include an amount of the pomegranate fruit extract such that a daily dose from about 20 mg to about 500 mg (e.g., about 20 mg to about 60 mg, about 60 mg to about 150 mg, or about 150 mg to about 500 mg) of the pomegranate fruit extract can be conveniently administered.
[0037] In some cases, the pomegranate fruit extract can include at least 5 wt% (e.g., 10, 20, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, or 70 weight percent) polyphenols, based on the total amount of pomegranate fruit extract. In some cases, the pomegranate fruit extract comprises at least 10 wt%, at least 20 wt%, at least 30 wt%, or at least 40 wt%of polyphenols, based on the total weight of the pomegranate fruit extract. . In some cases, the pomegranate fruit extract comprises about 10 wt%to about 80 wt%, about 20 wt%to about 70 wt%, about 30 wt%to about 60 wt%, or about 40 wt%to about 60 wt%, of polyphenols. In some embodiments, the pomegranate fruit extract comprises about 40 wt%polyphenols.
[0038] In some cases, the pomegranate fruit extract can include at least 1 wt% (e.g., 10, 20, 30, 35, 40, 45, or 50, weight percent) punicalagins, based on the total amount of pomegranate fruit extract. In some cases, the pomegranate fruit extract comprises at least 1 wt%, at least 5 wt%, at least 10 wt%, or at least 15 wt%of punicalagins, based on the total weight of the pomegranate fruit extract. In some cases, the pomegranate fruit extract comprises about 0 wt%to about 50 wt%, about 5 wt%to about 30 wt%, about 10 wt%to about 30 wt%, or about 15 wt%to about 25 wt%, of punicalagins. In some embodiments, the pomegranate fruit extract comprises about 20 wt%punicalagins.
[0039] The skin care supplement compositions provided herein also includes an olive fruit extract. The olive fruit extract can be obtained using any appropriate process, and can be from any appropriate olive fruit source. In some cases, an olive fruit extract can be obtained commercially. For example, an olive fruit extract can be obtained from Jiaherb, Inc. (Xi’a n, China) . The skin care supplement compositions provided herein can include at least about 0.01 wt%of the olive fruit extract. For example, at least 1 weight percent (e.g., at least 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, or 75 wt %) of a skin care supplement composition provided herein can be olive fruit extract. In some cases, a skin care supplement composition can include about 0.01 wt%to about 99.6 wt%of the olive fruit extract. For example, a skin care supplement composition can include about 10 wt%to about 95 wt%, about 20 wt%to about 95 wt%, about 30 wt%to about 90 wt%, about 37.5 wt%to about 87 wt%, about 40 wt%to about 80 wt%, or about 40 wt%to about 60 wt%of the olive fruit extract.
[0040] In some cases, a skin care supplement composition provided herein can include about 20 mg to about 500 mg (e.g., about 30 mg to about 450 mg, about 40 mg to about 400 mg, about 50 mg to about 350 mg, about 50 mg to about 300 mg, about 50 mg to about 250 mg, about 50 mg to about 200 mg, about 20 mg to about 60 mg, about 60 mg to about 150 mg, or about 150 mg to about 500 mg) of the olive fruit extract. In some cases, a skin care supplement composition provided herein can be formulated to include an amount of the olive fruit extract such that a daily dose from about 20 mg to about 500 mg (e.g., about 20 mg to about 160 mg, about 160 mg to about 4000 mg, or about 400 mg to about 500 mg) of the olive fruit extract can be conveniently administered.
[0041] In some cases, the olive fruit extract can include at least 1 wt% (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, or 30, weight percent) hydroxytyrosol, based on the total amount of olive fruit extract. In some cases, the olive fruit extract comprises at least 1 wt%, at least 5 wt%, at least 7.5 wt%, or at least 9 wt%of hydroxytyrosol, based on the total weight of the olive fruit extract. In some cases, the olive fruit extract comprises about 1 wt%to about 20 wt%, about 5 wt%to about 15 wt%, about 7.5 wt%to about 12 wt%, or about 9 wt%to about 11 wt%, of hydroxytyrosol. In some embodiments, the olive fruit extract comprises about 10 wt%hydroxytyrosol.
[0042] In some cases, the skin care supplement provided herein can include melon concentrate powder, pomegranate fruit extract, and olive fruit extract, as disclosed herein, where the composition is formulated as a tablet, capsule, candy, gummy, jelly, freeze-dried block, or soft gel. In some cases, the skin care supplement provided herein can include about 0.2 wt%to about 84 wt%of the melon concentrate powder, about 0.01 wt%to about 99.6 wt%of the pomegranate fruit extract, and about 0.01 wt%to about 99.6 wt%of the olive fruit extract, based on the total weight of the composition. In some cases, the skin care supplement provided herein can include about 1.6 wt%to about 20 wt%of the melon concentrate powder, about 10 wt%to about 55.6 wt%of the pomegranate fruit extract, and about 37.5 wt%to about 87 wt%of the olive fruit extract, based on the total weight of the composition. In some cases, the skin care supplement provided herein can include about 7.6 wt%of the melon concentrate powder, about 31.6 wt%of the pomegranate fruit extract, and about 60.8 wt%of the olive fruit extract, based on the total weight of the composition.
[0043] The skin care supplement compositions provided herein can be formulated such that a daily dose includes about 2 mg to about 100 mg of the melon concentrate powder, about 20 mg to about 500 mg of the pomegranate fruit extract, and about 20 mg to about 500 mg of the olive fruit extract. For example, a skin care supplement composition provided herein can be formulated such that a daily dose includes about 10 mg to about 50 mg of the melon concentrate powder, about 50 mg to about 200 mg of the pomegranate fruit extract, and about 150 mg to about 400 mg of the olive fruit extract, or about 20 mg to about 30 mg of the melon concentrate powder, about 60 mg to about 150 mg of the pomegranate fruit extract, and about 160 mg to about 400 mg of the olive fruit extract.
[0044] The skin care supplement composition provided herein can be formulated to include one or more additional active ingredients. For example, the skin care supplement composition can include melon concentrate powder, pomegranate fruit extract, and olive fruit extract, and one or more additional active ingredients, such as one or more of sodium hyaluronate, β-carotene, white tomato extract, grape seed extract, collagen peptide, Rosa roxburghii powder, acerola cherry powder, red rose powder, green tea powder, fruit powder, vitamins, minerals, Haematococcus pluvialis extract, sea buckthorn seed, black chokeberry, blue anthocyanin, phyllanthi fructus, and red juice orange powder.
[0045] In some cases, a skin care supplement composition provided herein can include one or more of the following additional active ingredients: carotenoids (e.g., alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, and / or cryptoxanthin) , and / or phenolic compounds (e.g., flavonoids, flavonols, flavanones, catechins, anthocyanins, isoflavones, dihydroflavonols, and / or chalcones) .
[0046] In some cases, a skin care supplement composition provided herein can further include one or more of vitamin E, tocopherol, tocotrienol, vitamin A, carotene, lutein, astaxanthin, CoQ10, vitamin C, folate, uric acid, vitamin B12, and folic acid.
[0047] The skin care supplement compositions provided herein can be formulated for oral administration and can include one or more suitable excipients, flavorings, colorants, and / or other ingredients. When intended for oral use, for example, tablets, troches, lozenges, aqueous or oil suspensions, non-aqueous solutions, dispersible powders or granules (including micronized particles or nanoparticles) , emulsions, hard or soft capsules, syrups or elixirs may be prepared. Compositions intended for oral use can be prepared according to any appropriate method, including standard methods for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions. Such compositions can contain one or more agents such as, without limitation, sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents, and preserving agents, in order to provide a palatable preparation. For oral administration, tablets, capsules, candies, gummies, jellies, freeze-dried blocks, or soft gels can be prepared with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, such as binding agents, fillers, lubricants, disintegrants, and / or wetting agents. In some cases, tablets can have a coating (e.g., a polymer or polysaccharide-based coating with or without plasticizers and / or pigments) . In some embodiments, the tablet, capsule, candy, gummy, jelly, freeze-dried block, or soft gel further comprises one or more of a sugar alcohol, starch, resistant dextrin, sweetener, xanthan gum, gelatin, guar gum, carrageenan, glucose fructose syrup, maltose syrup, pectin, lactose, magnesium stearate, maltodextrin, fruit powder, coating material, microcrystalline cellulose, sucralose, silicon dioxide, citric acid, flavorings, and stearic acid.
[0048] The skin care supplement compositions provided herein can be a powder or granules. In some embodiments, the skin care supplement compositions provided herein formulated as a powder or granules further comprise one or more of sugar alcohol, fructose, maltodextrin, fruit powder, sucralose, steviol glycosides, citric acid, and malic acid.
[0049] Liquid products for oral administration can take the form of, for example, solutions, syrups, or suspension, or they can be presented as a dry product for reconstitution with saline or other suitable liquid vehicle before use. In some cases, liquid preparations can contain pharmaceutically acceptable additives such as suspending agents, emulsifying agents, non-aqueous vehicles, preservatives, buffer salts, flavoring agents, coloring agents, and sweetening agents as appropriate. Preparations for oral administration can be suitably formulated to give controlled release of one or more compounds. In some cases, tablets, capsules, or soft gels can be coated with a methacrylic acid copolymer (e.g., L100-55 or S100) for release beyond the stomach (e.g., in the intestine, colon, or both) . In some embodiments, the skin care supplement compositions provided herein formulated as a liquid product further comprise one or more of sugar, syrup, fruit juice, sucralose, citric acid, and flavoring.
[0050] In some cases, the skin care supplement compositions provided herein can contain a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for administration to a mammal. Suitable carriers include, without limitation, sterile aqueous, or non-aqueous solutions, suspensions, and emulsions. Examples of non-aqueous solvents include, without limitation, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, vegetable oils, and organic esters. Suitable aqueous carriers include, for example, water, alcohol, saline, and buffered solutions. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers also can include physiologically acceptable aqueous vehicles (e.g., physiological saline) or other carriers appropriate for oral administration.
[0051] In some cases, the skin care supplement compositions provided herein can be in the form of a capsule, tablet, or soft gel, by way of an example only, configured to have a unit dosage equal to the daily desired dosage for a particular mammal. For example, if a mammal desires 100 mg of a particular agent, each tablet can include about 100 mg in weight of that agent. As used herein, mammals generally refer to humans, but also can include domesticated mammals (e.g., dogs, cats, and livestock such as cows, horses, pigs, or sheep) . The dosages of a particular skin care supplement compositions provided herein will depend on many factors, including the general health of a mammal. In some cases, a total daily dose (e.g., a full serving) may be prepared and administered in the form of one or more dosage units (e.g., one tablet, capsule, candy, gummy, jelly, freeze-dried block, or soft gel, two tablets, capsules, candies, gummies, jellies, freeze-dried blocks, or soft gels, three tablets, capsules, or soft gels, four tablets, capsules, candies, gummies, jellies, freeze-dried blocks, or soft gels, five tablets, capsules, candies, gummies, jellies, freeze-dried blocks, or soft gels, or six tablets, capsules, or soft gels) . For instance, in some cases, one tablet, one capsule, candy, gummy, jelly, freeze-dried block, or one soft gel can include a full serving (e.g., daily dosage) of the composition. In some cases, two tablets, two capsules, candies, gummies, jellies, freeze-dried blocks, or two soft gels in combination can include a full serving (e.g., daily dosage) of the composition. In some cases, three tablets, three capsules, candies, gummies, jellies, freeze-dried blocks, or three soft gels in combination can include a full serving (e.g., daily dosage) of the composition.
[0052] In some cases, when the skin care supplement compositions provided herein is in the form of a capsule, tablet, or soft gel, the composition can further include one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, such as, calcium powder (e.g., calcium carbonate powder) , microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) (e.g., MCC 101) , croscarmellose sodium, stearic acid, silicon dioxide (e.g., silicon dioxide) , and magnesium stearate. In some cases, the capsule, tablet, or soft gel form of the skin care supplement compositions provided herein further includes MCC (e.g., MCC 101) , magnesium stearate, and c-moisture proof coating.
[0053] In some cases, the skin care supplement composition in the form of a tablet, capsule, or soft gel can be formulated to release the active ingredients (e.g., melon concentrate powder, pomegranate fruit extract, and olive fruit extract) in water in less than 60 minutes (e.g., an immediate release formulation) at a temperature of about 37℃. The skin care supplement composition provided herein can release the active ingredients in water in less than 45 minutes at a temperature of about 37℃. In some cases, the tablet, capsule, or soft gel is formulated with a coating that will dissolve at the pH of gastric fluid. In some cases, the coating of the tablet, capsule, or soft gel exhibits an in vitro dissolution profile in simulated gastric fluid comprising at least about 95%absorption window active ingredients release after 1 hour.
[0054] In some cases, the skin care supplement composition in the form of a tablet, capsule, or soft gel is formulated to be a controlled release formulation. The controlled release formulation can include a pH-dependent coating over the tablet, capsule, or soft gel from which the release of the active ingredients depends on the pH of the surrounding environment. The pH-dependent coating material may be dispersed or dissolved in either water or in suitable organic solvents. The pH-dependent coating exhibits pH-dependent solubility such that it is insoluble in acid medium (e.g., acidic gastric fluid) but soluble in intestinal fluids (e.g., small intestine or the colon) . In some cases, the pH-dependent coating, upon exposure to the pH environment of the small intestine, will cause degradation of the coating and release of the active ingredients. In some cases, the pH-dependent coating, upon exposure to the pH environment of the small intestine, will not cause significant degradation of the coating and will not release the active ingredients. In some cases, the pH-dependent coating, upon exposure to the pH environment of the colon, will cause degradation of the coating and release of the active ingredients. In some cases, the pH-dependent coating layer delays the release of the absorption window of the active ingredients until the composition passes through the stomach and reaches the higher pH environment of the small intestine. In some cases, the pH-dependent coating will dissolve at a pH of about 5, about 5.5, about 6, or about 6.5, or the pH-dependent coating will dissolve at a pH of about 5.5, about 6.0, about 6.5, or about 7.
[0055] The pH-dependent coating can include one or more enteric coating polymers. Typical examples include one or more, separately or in combination, of the following: solutions or dispersions of methacrylic acid copolymers, cellulose acetate phthalate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, polyvinyl acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate trimellitate, carboxymethylethylcellulose, shellac, zein or other suitable enteric coating polymer (s) . Specific enteric polymers that may be used are L and / or S, which preferentially dissolve in the more alkaline pH of the intestine, or polymers which dissolve slowly, e.g. a predetermined rate in the digestive tract, such as RL (e.g. RL 100) , RS (e.g. R100) , and / or blends of such polymers.
[0056] Provided herein are methods of treating, reducing, or preventing free radical damage to skin of a subject, the method comprising administering an effective amount of the skin care supplement compositions of the disclosure to the subject.
[0057] Also provided herein are methods of whitening (e.g., lightening) skin of a subject, the method comprising administering an effective amount of the skin care supplement compositions of the disclosure to the subject.
[0058] Also provided herein are methods of reducing ultra-violet light damage on skin of a subject, the method comprising administering an effective amount of the skin care supplement compositions of the disclosure to the subject. Whether or not a composition reduces ultra-violet light damage on skin of a subject can be determined using, for example, a test that measures a minimal erythema dose (MED) , which is defined as the lowest dose of UV light that causes reddening (e.g., indications of sunburn) of non-diseased skin. See, for example, Heckman et al. (2013, “Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) testing, ” J. Vis. Exp., 75: e50175) .
[0059] The invention will be further described in the following examples, which do not limit the scope of the invention described in the claims.
[0060] EXAMPLES
[0061] Example 1-Human Study
[0062] 1. Project scope
[0063] Experiments are conducted to study the skin whitening effect of a composition containing frozen melon powder (melon, vegetable oil) , pomegranate powder extract, and olive fruit powder.
[0064] 2. Test samples
[0065] 2.1 Placebo group: placebo tablet (400 mg / tablet, 2 tablets / day)
[0066] 2.2 Treatment group: receives a compounded tablet of frozen melon powder (melon, vegetable oil) , pomegranate powder extract, and olive fruit powder (400 mg / tablet, 2 tablets / day) .
[0067] 3. Subject recruitment
[0068] 3.1 Inclusion criteria:
[0069] 3.1.1 Healthy adults aged 25-55 years old (Female: Male = 4: 1) .
[0070] 3.1.2 ITA° value between 20°~41°.
[0071] 3.2 Exclusion criteria:
[0072] 3.2.1 Female who is pregnant or nursing or planning to become pregnant during the course of the study.
[0073] 3.2.2 Those with a history of skin diseases such as psoriasis, eczema, atopic dermatitis, severe acne; or those with other chronic systemic diseases.
[0074] 3.2.3 Those who have taken anti-inflammatory drugs such as corticosteroids orally or topically within the past 1 month.
[0075] 3.2.4 Those who have used any products or drugs (such as hydroquinone preparations) that affect skin color, such as alpha hydroxy acids, salicylic acid, etc. in the past 2 months.
[0076] 3.2.5 Those who have used retinoic acid preparations or undergone chemical peeling, laser, pulsed light, and other medical and cosmetic surgery on the test site within the past 3 months.
[0077] 3.2.6 Those who cannot avoid UV overexposure.
[0078] 4. Number of subjects
[0079] A total 60 subjects participate in this study. There are two groups, with 30 subjects in each group.
[0080] 5. Trial period
[0081] 12 weeks.
[0082] 6. Study design
[0083] A double-blinded, placebo-controlled study is conducted. The subjects are instructed to consume 2 tablets of the Melaleuca-whitening tablet or placebo tablet every day after breakfast for 12 weeks. Information regarding the skin condition (the test site is the face) , as well as fasting blood samples and questionnaires, are collected at week 0, week 8, and week 12.
[0084] 7. Test items / Equipment
[0085] 7.1 Skin melanin MX18. Be presented in numerical value.
[0086] 7.2 Skin erythema MX18. Be presented in numerical value.
[0087] 7.3 Skin lightness (L*value) / CR-10 Tristimulus Colorimeter. Be presented in numerical value.
[0088] 7.4 Skin yellow tone (b*value) / CR-10 Tristimulus Colorimeter. Be presented in numerical value.
[0089] 7.5 Skin tone (ITA° value) / CR-10 Tristimulus Colorimeter. Be presented in numerical value.
[0090] 7.6 Skin visible spots / VISIA Complexion Analysis System. Be presented in numerical value and photo.
[0091] 7.7 Skin texture, wrinkles / VISIA Complexion Analysis System. Be presented in numerical value and photo.
[0092] 7.8 Blood antioxidant markers-total antioxidant capacity (TEAC) , SOD content, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) are presented numerically.
[0093] 7.9 Self-assessment questionnaire.
[0094] 8. Experimental schedule
[0095] Melaleuca Whitening tablet Questionnaire (Week 0)
[0096] Name: Gender: Male / Female Date:
[0097] Basic information survey (please answer according to the situation in the last two weeks)
[0098] 1. Age: □25~35 years old □36~45 years old □46~55 years old
[0099] 2. What is the type of your skin?
[0100] □Dry skin □Combination skin □Neutral skin □Oily skin □Sensitive skin
[0101] 3. Do you usually have the habit of caring for your skin?
[0102] □Never □Occasionally □Often □Every day
[0103] 4. Do you usually have habits of sun protection?
[0104] □Never □Occasionally □Often □Every day
[0105] 5. Do you often eat fried food or sweets?
[0106] □Never □Occasionally □Often □Every day
[0107] 6. Do you have the habit of staying up late?
[0108] □Never □Occasionally □Often □Every day
[0109] 7. Please fill in your average daily sunshine hours in the last two weeks. hours.
[0110] On the day with the longest sunshine hours in the last 2 weeks, and you have received hours of sunshine.
[0111] The sunshine intensity on that day is:
[0112] □Weak □Medium □Strong □Extremely strong
[0113] Did you have sun protection on that day?
[0114] □No □Use sunscreen cream □Physical sun protection (holding a parasol and wearing a hat)
[0115] Skin condition assessment (please answer according to the situation in the last two weeks)
[0116] Assessment of hair and scalp condition (please answer according to the situation in the last two weeks)
[0117] Melaleuca Whitening tablet-Questionnaire (Week 4)
[0118] Name: Gender: Male / Female Date:
[0119] Basic information survey (please answer according to the situation in the last two weeks)
[0120] 1. Age: □25~35 years old □36~45 years old □46~55 years old
[0121] 2. What is the type of your skin?
[0122] □Dry skin □Combination skin □Neutral skin □Oily skin □Sensitive skin
[0123] 3. Do you usually have the habit of caring for your skin?
[0124] □Never □Occasionally □Often □Every day
[0125] 4. Do you usually have habits of sun protection?
[0126] □Never □Occasionally □Often □Every day
[0127] 5. Do you often eat fried food or sweets?
[0128] □Never □Occasionally □Often □Every day
[0129] 6. Do you have the habit of staying up late?
[0130] □Never □Occasionally □Often □Every day
[0131] 7. Please fill in your average daily sunshine hours in the last two weeks. hours.
[0132] On the day with the longest sunshine hours in the last 4 weeks, and you have received hours of sunshine.
[0133] The sunshine intensity on that day is:
[0134] □Weak □Medium □Strong □Extremely strong
[0135] Did you have sun protection on that day?
[0136] □No □Use sunscreen cream □Physical sun protection (holding a parasol and wearing a hat)
[0137] Skin condition assessment (please answer according to the situation in the last two weeks)
[0138] Assessment of hair and scalp condition (please answer according to the situation in the last two weeks)
[0139] Product satisfaction survey: Please tick according to your feelings after taking the product.
[0140] Other feedback and suggestions:
[0141] Melaleuca Whitening tablet-Questionnaire (Week 8)
[0142] Name: Gender: Male / Female Date:
[0143] Basic information survey (please answer according to the situation in the last two weeks)
[0144] 1. Age: □25~35 years old □36~45 years old □46~55 years old
[0145] 2. What is the type of your skin?
[0146] □Dry skin □Combination skin □Neutral skin □Oily skin □Sensitive skin
[0147] 3. Do you usually have the habit of caring for your skin?
[0148] □Never □Occasionally □Often □Every day
[0149] 4. Do you usually have habits of sun protection?
[0150] □Never □Occasionally □Often □Every day
[0151] 5. Do you often eat fried food or sweets?
[0152] □Never □Occasionally □Often □Every day
[0153] 6. Do you have the habit of staying up late?
[0154] □Never □Occasionally □Often □Every day
[0155] 7. Please fill in your average daily sunshine hours in the last two weeks. hours.
[0156] On the day with the longest sunshine hours in the last 4 weeks, and you have received hours of sunshine.
[0157] The sunshine intensity on that day is:
[0158] □Weak □Medium □Strong □Extremely strong
[0159] Did you have sun protection on that day?
[0160] □No □Use sunscreen cream □Physical sun protection (holding a parasol and wearing a hat)
[0161] Skin condition assessment (please answer according to the situation in the last two weeks)
[0162] Assessment of hair and scalp condition (please answer according to the situation in the last two weeks)
[0163] Product satisfaction survey: Please tick according to your feelings after taking the product.
[0164] Other feedback and suggestions:
[0165] Melaleuca Whitening tablet-Questionnaire (Week 12)
[0166] Name: Gender: Male / Female Date:
[0167] Basic information survey (please answer according to the situation in the last two weeks)
[0168] 1. Age: □25~35 years old □36~45 years old □46~55 years old
[0169] 2. What is the type of your skin?
[0170] □Dry skin □Combination skin □Neutral skin □Oily skin □Sensitive skin
[0171] 3. Do you usually have the habit of caring for your skin?
[0172] □Never □Occasionally □Often □Every day
[0173] 4. Do you usually have habits of sun protection?
[0174] □Never □Occasionally □Often □Every day
[0175] 5. Do you often eat fried food or sweets?
[0176] □Never □Occasionally □Often □Every day
[0177] 6. Do you have the habit of staying up late?
[0178] □Never □Occasionally □Often □Every day
[0179] 7. Please fill in your average daily sunshine hours in the last two weeks. hours.
[0180] On the day with the longest sunshine hours in the last 4 weeks, and you have received hours of sunshine.
[0181] The sunshine intensity on that day is:
[0182] □Weak □Medium □Strong □Extremely strong
[0183] Did you have sun protection on that day?
[0184] □No □Use sunscreen cream □Physical sun protection (holding a parasol and wearing a hat)
[0185] Skin condition assessment (please answer according to the situation in the last two weeks)
[0186] Assessment of hair and scalp condition (please answer according to the situation in the last two weeks)
[0187] Product satisfaction survey: Please tick according to your feelings after taking the product.
[0188] Other feedback and suggestions:
[0189] Example 2-A Skin Care Supplement Composition
[0190] A skin care supplement composition was prepared with the composition shown in Table A below.
[0191] TABLE A: Skin Care Supplement
[0192] Example 3-A Skin Care Supplement Composition
[0193] A skin care supplement composition was prepared with the composition shown in Table B below.
[0194] TABLE B: Skin Care Supplement
[0195] Example 4-A Skin Care Supplement Composition
[0196] A skin care supplement composition was prepared with the composition shown in Table C below.
[0197] TABLE C: Skin Care Supplement
[0198] Example 5-Formula and Other Potential Ingredients
[0199] TABLE D: Exemplary Ingredients in Tablet / Capsule Formulation
[0200] TABLE E: Exemplary Ingredients in Liquid Formulation
[0201] TABLE F: Exemplary Ingredients in Powder Formulation
[0202] TABLE G: Exemplary Other Ingredients
[0203] Example 6-A composition containing a multi-plant concentrated powder for skin whitening
[0204] In a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study, sixty healthy subjects were screened and randomly divided into two groups: a test group (TG) and a placebo group (PG) . The TG consumed two compound ingredient tablets daily, while the PG received placebo tablets without the compound ingredients. The study lasted 12 weeks. Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) , Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) , and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) were measured at week 0 (W0) , week 8 (W8) , and week 12 (W12) . Skin L*value, Individual Typological Angle (ITA°) , a*value, skin spots, and wrinkles were assessed at week 0 (W0) , week 4 (W4) , week 8 (W8) , and week 12 (W12) . Results showed significant improvements in all three antioxidant markers in the blood after consuming the compound ingredient tablets compared to the PG (p < 0.01) . The L*value and ITA° were significantly increased at 8 weeks (p < 0.1) . Skin spots were significantly decreased at W8 and W12 (p < 0.1) . While a*value and skin wrinkles showed noticeable reductions within the TG at week 12 (p <0.1) , there were no significant differences compared to the PG. These studies demonstrated that consumption of the compound ingredient tablets improved skin whitening, brightened skin tone, reduced skin spots, and resulted in improvement in wrinkles and erythema.
[0205] Methods and Materials
[0206] Test Formulations: The formulations for the test formulation and placebo are shown in TABLE 1. Aside from melon freeze-dried concentrate powder containing no less than 14000IU / g SOD, olive fruit powder with 10%hydroxytyrosol, and pomegranate concentrate powder with 30%Punicalagins (A+B) and Punicalins (A+B) , the other excipients served as binders. The test formulation contained the three compound ingredients, which showed a certain color due to their properties. The placebo was colored using pigments to make it appear similar as the text product after compression into tablets. Both formulations were coated with the same coating powder to ensure a uniform appearance.
[0207] TABLE 1: Ingredient lists for the Test Formulation and the Placebo Formulation
[0208] Study Participants: Healthy volunteers aged 25-65 years with ITA° values between 20° and 41° were eligible. Exclusion criteria included pregnancy or lactation, planning for pregnancy in the near future, history of psoriasis, eczema, atopic dermatitis, severe acne, or other chronic systemic diseases. Participants who had taken oral or topical corticosteroids or other anti-inflammatory drugs within the past month, used products or medications affecting skin color such as glycolic acid, salicylic acid, or hydroquinone preparations within the past 2 months, used retinoid preparations or undergone chemical peels, laser treatments, or intense pulsed light therapy within the past 3 months, or had unavoidable prolonged sun exposure also were excluded.
[0209] Test Protocol: During the initial screening, participants were selected based on skin type testing and health questionnaires. Before each assessment, participants cleansed their facial skin with water and sat quietly in a room at ambient temperature for 30 minutes. The testing facility was equipped with air conditioning set to 25℃ and humidity maintained at 55±5%. Cheeks were tested for L*value, a*value, and ITA°, and the whole face was evaluated for spots and wrinkles. Prior to starting the product regimen, baseline facial skin assessments (W0) and fasting blood collection after an 8-hour fast were conducted.
[0210] After enrollment, participants were instructed to take 2 placebo or 2 test tablets daily after breakfast for a continuous 12 weeks. Follow-up evaluations of facial skin were conducted at weeks 4, 8, and 12, and fasting blood samples were collected at week 8 and 12 (see, FIG. 1) .
[0211] Test Items and Instruments: TEAC, SOD, and GPx levels were measured through blood tests. Skin fairness (L*value) , ITA°, and erythema of the skin (a*value) were analyzed using a skin color difference analyzer (Chroma Meter MM500; Minolta, Japan) . Skin pigmentation spots and wrinkles were assessed using the Complexion Analysis system ( Complexion Analysis, Canfield Scientific, Inc.; Parsippany, NJ, USA) .
[0212] The color of the skin was primarily determined by the amount of pigments such as melanin and erythema in the skin (Petitl and Pirardge, Int J Cosmetic Sci., 2003, 25(4) : 169-181) . The L*value represented skin brightness, with higher L*values indicating increased brightness. The a*value reflected the level of erythema, with lower a*values indicating reduced redness of the skin. ITA° is the most common indicator used to assess skin whitening effects. The definition of ITA° is as follows:
[0213] In this study, the skin tones of participants at baseline and the evaluation of whitening effects were assessed using the ITA° value. The standard surface color method formulated by CIE (Commission internationale de l′éclairage, or International Commission on Illumination) system was adopted to obtain the quantification of color (L*) value; its numerical range is 0-100. A higher ITA° value indicated lighter skin tone, while a lower ITA° value indicated darker skin tone. FIG. 2 illustrates specific classifications (Bao et al., J Invest Derm., 2020, 140 (1) : 3-12. e1) , and TABLE 2 indicates skin color classifications based on ITA° values.
[0214] TABLE 2
[0215] Serum biochemical parameters: Fasting blood was collected from each participant at weeks 0, 8 and 12 for subsequent analysis of physiological parameters. The blood samples were centrifuged at 2, 000 r for 15 minutes at 4℃. The clear serum samples were collected and stored at -80℃ until tests were carried out. Values of the serum biochemical parameters, including TEAC, SOD, and GPx, were monitored. TEAC (TEAC Assay Kit; XAN-5040) , SOD (Superoxide Dismutase Assay Kit; BSKH62259) and GPx (GPx Assay Kit; Cayman BSKH61049) were analyzed according to the instructions of the manufacturers of the corresponding kits.
[0216] Statistical analysis: The results were analyzed by Student’s t test through R Programming Language. Statistical significance is indicated as *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001 vs. week 0 for the group, and #, p < 0.05; ##, p < 0.01; ###, p < 0.001 vs. placebo at week 0.
[0217] Results
[0218] The TG consisted of 30 participants, with females n = 26 and males n = 4, and an average age of 47.5±10.1 years. The PG included 30 participants, with females n = 25 and males n = 5 and an average age of 48.5±11.6 years. Throughout the entire testing process, there were no dropouts among the participants, and no adverse effects related to the product were reported. There was no significant difference between the baseline data among two groups (TABLE 3) .
[0219] TABLE 3: Baseline data between PG and TG
[0220] Antioxidant markers: Changes in antioxidant capacity of participants’ blood after 12 weeks of taking either the compound ingredient tablets or placebo tablets are plotted in FIGS. 3A-3C. The TEAC test was used to assess the antioxidant potency of the blood by testing its ability to counteract free radicals. The higher the TEAC value, the stronger the total antioxidant capacity of the blood sample, and the higher the antioxidant capacity of the subject. After taking two pieces of the test formulation daily for 8 and 12 weeks, the TEAC of the TG was significantly increased from 223.4 μM at week 0 to 257.0 μM at week 8 (p < 0.001) and 266.3 μM at week 12 (p < 0.001) (FIG. 3A) . The percent changes were 15%and 19.2%, respectively, and the numbers of TG subjects showing improvement at 8 and 12 weeks were 86.7%and 93.3%, respectively. TEAC values also were significantly higher than those in the PB (p < 0.001) (FIG. 3A) .
[0221] The trends for SOD and GPx changes were consistent with those for TEAC. SOD is an antioxidant enzyme that can effectively remove superoxide radicals, protect cells from oxidative damage, maintain cell health, and improve the body’s metabolic capacity. The higher the SOD activity test value in blood, the stronger the antioxidant capacity in the body. The SOD activity in blood of the TG subjects was increased significantly from 6.2 ng / mL at week 0 to 8.1 ng / mL at week 8 (p < 0.001) and 7.8 ng / mL at week 12 (p < 0.001) (FIG. 3B) . The percent change was 30.6%and 25.8%, respectively. The percentage of TG subjects showing improvement at both 8 weeks and 12 weeks was 83.3%, and the SOD activity value was significantly higher than that in the placebo group (p < 0.01) (FIG. 3B) .
[0222] GPx is a water-soluble antioxidant that mainly protects cells from free radicals. GPx can transform toxic peroxides into water and other harmless compounds, thus protecting cell structure and function from the interference and damage of peroxides. If the test value of GPx activity in blood is higher, it means that the antioxidant capacity in the body is stronger. After taking 2 pieces of the test formulation daily for 8 and 12 weeks, the GPx activity in the blood of the TG subjects was significantly increased from 668.6 pg / mL at week 0 to 916.0 pg / mL at week 8 (p < 0.001) and 941.2 pg / mL at week 12 (p < 0.001) (FIG. 3C) . The percentages of change were 37.0%and 40.8%respectively, and the number of subjects showing improvement was 80.0%and 86.7%, respectively. Further, the GPx activity values were significantly higher than those of the placebo group at 8 and 12 weeks (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively) (FIG. 3C) .
[0223] Skin Metrics: The whitening effect of the product was evaluated by detecting skin whiteness (L*value) , overall skin tone (ITA° value) , pigmentation and skin redness (a*value) .
[0224] After taking 2 pieces of the test formulation daily for 4, 8, and 12 weeks, the skin whiteness (L*value) of the TG subjects increased from 57.2 at week 0 to 58.1 at week 4, 59.0 at week 8 (p < 0.001) , and 59.1 at week 12 (p < 0.001) , with percent changes of 0.3%, 1.9%, and 2.0%, respectively (FIG. 4A) . The percentage of TG subjects showing improvement at each timepoint was 63.3%, 86.7%, and 93.3%, respectively, and the value of skin whiteness (L*value) at weeks 8 and 12 was significantly higher than that of the PG at weeks 8 and 12 (p < 0.001) (FIG. 4A) .
[0225] The overall skin tone brightness (ITA° value) of the TG subjects increased from 28.0 at week 0 to 28.6 at week 4, 31.2 at week 8 (p < 0.001) , and 31.4 at week 12 (p < 0.001) , with percent changes of 2.1%, 11.4%, and 12.1%, respectively (FIG. 4B) . The percentage of TG subjects showing improvement at each timepoint was 53.3%, 83.3%, and 90.0%, respectively, and the overall skin tone brightness (ITA° value) was significantly higher than that of the placebo group at the weeks 8 and 12 (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) (FIG. 4B) .
[0226] After 12 weeks of taking the test formulation, the skin spot detection values of the TG subjects decreased from 153.5 at week 0 to 149.0 at week 4, 150.2 at week 8, and 141.9 at week 12 (p < 0.01) , with percent changes of 2.9%, 2.1%, and 7.6%respectively (FIG. 4C, top) . The percentage of TG subjects showing improvement at each timepoint was 73.3%, 60.0%, and 76.7%, respectively. Moreover, the skin spot values in the TG were significantly higher than those in the PG at weeks 8 and 12 (p < 0.05) . Representative images of a subject from the TG are shown in FIG. 4C (bottom) , demonstrating that at week 12, as compared to week 0, there was a noticeable reduction in the number of skin pigmentation spots.
[0227] Redness of the skin can cause the skin color to look darker. The skin redness (a*value) of the subjects in the TG decreased from 8.7 at week 0 to 8.5 at week 4, 8.3 at week 8 (p < 0.01) , and 8.2 at week 12 (p < 0.001) , with percentage changes of 2.3%, 4.6%, and 5.7%respectively (FIG. 4D, top) . The percentage of subjects showing improvement at each timepoint was 66.7%, 73.3%, and 83.3%, respectively. However, there was no significant change in skin redness in the placebo group (FIG. 4D, top) . Representative images for a subject from the TG taken at week 0 and at week 12 also are shown in FIG. 4D (bottom) .
[0228] The microanalysis skin imaging analyzer also was used to detect skin wrinkles on the whole face. After taking 2 pieces of the test formulation daily for 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks, the skin wrinkle detection values of the subjects in the TG decreased from 55.5 at week 0 to 50.2 at week 4, 49.0 at week 8 (p < 0.05) , and 43.3 at week 12 (p < 0.05) , with percent changes of 9.5%, 11.7%, and 22.0%, respectively (FIG. 4E, top) . The percentage of subjects showing improvement at each timepoint was 53.3%, 60.0%, and 73.3%, respectively. In contrast, there was no significant change in the value of skin wrinkles in the placebo group (FIG. 4E, top) . Representative images for a subject from the TG showed that at week 12 compared to week 0, there was a notable reduction in the number of wrinkles (FIG. 4E, bottom) .
[0229] Taken together, these studies confirmed the effectiveness of the compound ingredients (melon freeze-dried concentrate powder, pomegranate concentrate powder, and olive fruit powder) for improving the body’s antioxidant capacity and for improving skin conditions. In the TG taking the compound ingredient tablets, TEAC, SOD, and GPx were significantly higher than in the PG, indicating that the compound ingredient tablets can enhance the body’s endogenous antioxidant capacity. Additionally, the skin metrics showed that the L*value and ITA° value were significantly increased at both week 8 and week 12, with more pronounced effects over time. This indicates that skin whiteness and brightness improved significantly with prolonged use of the product. Skin spots showed a noticeable reduction in the TG after 8 weeks compared to the PG, with even more significant improvement by week 12. The a*value in the TG was significantly lower at week 8 and week 12 compared to week 0, suggesting that the compound ingredient tablets had some effect on reducing skin redness, although there was no significant difference compared to the PG. Skin wrinkles in the TG significantly improved by week 12, with no difference from the PG. These studies demonstrated that the compound ingredients can whiten the skin, brighten the complexion, reduce skin spots and redness, and also have an effect on improving wrinkles.
[0230] Subject’s somatosensory assessment: A self-assessment questionnaire was used to investigate the skin condition, hair and scalp condition, and product satisfaction of the subjects before and after taking the product. These questionnaires showed that after taking 2 pieces of the test formulation daily for 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks, the subjects felt that many skin conditions were improved, most significantly in skin laxity, pigmentation, and dullness (TABLE 4) . In addition, 70.0%of the subjects were satisfied with the skin brightening effect of the test formulation (TABLE 5) , and 73.3%of the subjects were satisfied with the overall skin beautification effect of the test formulation (TABLE 6) . In addition, after taking the test formulation for 12 weeks, the subjects felt that their scalp was less red and itchy, and their fine hair and hair loss improved (TABLE 7) . The number of subjects who were satisfied with the overall product was for 83.3% (TABLE 8) .
[0231] TABLE 4: Changes in self-rated skin condition of subjects
[0232] *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01)
[0233] TABLE 5: Satisfaction with skin brightness
[0234] TABLE 6: Overall beauty effect
[0235] TABLE 7: Changes in self-reported hair and scalp conditions of subjects
[0236] *, p < 0.05
[0237] TABLE 8: Overall product satisfaction
[0238] OTHER EMBODIMENTS
[0239] It is to be understood that while the invention has been described in conjunction with the detailed description thereof, the foregoing description is intended to illustrate and not limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the scope of the appended claims. Other aspects, advantages, and modifications are within the scope of the following claims.
Claims
1.A composition comprising:melon concentrate powder or yeast comprising at least 1000 IU / g to 100000 IU / g of superoxide dismutase;pomegranate fruit extract comprising at least 5 wt%polyphenols, based on the total weight of the pomegranate fruit extract; andolive fruit extract comprising at least 1 wt%hydroxytyrosol, based on the total weight of the olive fruit extract.2.The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises:about 0.2 wt%to about 84 wt%wt%of the melon concentrate powder,about 0.01 wt%to about 99.6 wt%of the pomegranate fruit extract, andabout 0.01 wt%to about 99.6 wt%of the olive fruit extract,based on the total weight of the composition.3.The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises:about 1.6 wt%to about 20 wt%of the melon concentrate powder,about 10 wt%to about 55.6 wt%of the pomegranate fruit extract, andabout 37.5 wt%to about 87 wt%of the olive fruit extract, based on the total weight of the composition.4.The composition of claim 1, wherein the pomegranate fruit extract comprises at least 10 wt%, at least 20 wt%, at least 30 wt%, or at least 40 wt%of polyphenols, based on the total weight of the pomegranate fruit extract.5.The composition of claim 1, wherein the pomegranate fruit extract further comprises punicalagins.6.The composition of claim 5, wherein the pomegranate fruit extract comprises at least 10 wt%, at least 15 wt%, or at least 20 wt%of punicalagins, based on the total weight of the pomegranate fruit extract.7.The composition of claim 1, wherein the melon concentrate powder comprises at least 12000 IU / g of superoxide dismutase or at least 14000 IU / g of superoxide dismutase.8.The composition of claim 1, wherein the olive fruit extract comprises at least 5 wt%, at least 8 wt%, or at least 10%hydroxytyrosol based on the total weight of the olive fruit extract.9.The composition of claim 1, wherein at least one tablet, capsule, candy, gummy, jelly, freeze-dried block, or soft gel comprises a full serving of the composition.10.The composition of claim 1, wherein two tablets, capsules, candies, gummies, jellies, freeze-dried blocks, or soft gels in combination comprise a full serving of the composition.11.The composition of claim 1, wherein three tablets, capsules, candies, gummies, jellies, freeze-dried blocks, or soft gels in combination comprise a full serving of the composition.12.The composition of claim 1, wherein the tablet, capsule, candy, gummy, jelly, freeze-dried block, or soft gel further comprises one or more of a sugar alcohol, starch, resistant dextrin, sweetener, xanthan gum, gelatin, guar gum, carrageenan, glucose fructose syrup, maltose syrup, pectin, lactose, magnesium stearate, maltodextrin, fruit powder, coating material, microcrystalline cellulose, sucralose, silicon dioxide, citric acid, flavorings, and stearic acid.13.The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is a powder or granules.14.The composition of claim 13, wherein the powder further comprises one or more of sugar alcohol, fructose, maltodextrin, fruit powder, sucralose, steviol glycosides, citric acid, and malic acid.15.The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is a liquid product.16.The composition of claim 15, wherein the liquid product further comprises one or more of sugar, syrup, fruit juice, sucralose, citric acid, and flavoring.17.The composition of any one of claims 9-11, wherein a full serving of the composition comprises:about 2 mg to about 100 mg of the melon concentrate powder,about 20 mg to about 500 mg of the pomegranate fruit extract, andabout 20 mg to about 500 mg of the olive fruit extract.18.The composition of claim 9-11, wherein a full serving of the composition comprises:about 10 mg to about 50 mg of the melon concentrate powder,about 50 mg to about 200 mg of the pomegranate fruit extract, andabout 150 mg to about 400 mg of the olive fruit extract.19.The composition of claim 9-11, wherein a full serving of the composition comprises:about 20 mg to about 30 mg of the melon concentrate powder,about 60 mg to about 150 mg of the pomegranate fruit extract, andabout 160 mg to about 400 mg of the olive fruit extract.20.The composition of claim 1, further comprising one or more additional active ingredients.21.The composition of claim 20, wherein the additional active ingredients comprise one or more of sodium hyaluronate, β-carotene, white tomato extract, grape seed extract, collagen peptide, rosa roxburghii powder, acerola cherry powder, red rose powder, green tea powder, fruit powder, vitamins, minerals, haematococcus pluvialis extract, sea buckthorn seed, black chokeberry, blue anthocyanin , phyllanthi fructus, and red juice orange powder.22.A method of treating, reducing, or preventing free radical damage to skin of a subject, the method comprising administering an effective amount of the composition of any one of claims 1-19 to the subject.23.The method of claim 20, wherein an effective amount of the composition comprises:about 2 mg to about 100 mg of the melon concentrate powder,about 20 mg to about 500 mg of the pomegranate fruit extract, andabout 20 mg to about 500 mg of the olive fruit extract.24.The method of claim 20, wherein an effective amount of the composition comprises:about 10 mg to about 50 mg of the melon concentrate powder,about 50 mg to about 200 mg of the pomegranate fruit extract, andabout 150 mg to about 400 mg of the olive fruit extract.25.The method of claim 20, wherein an effective amount of the composition comprises:about 20 mg to about 30 mg of the melon concentrate powder,about 60 mg to about 150 mg of the pomegranate fruit extract, andabout 160 mg to about 400 mg of the olive fruit extract.26.The method of any one of claims 20-23, wherein the composition is administered orally.27.The method of any one of claims 20-24, wherein the composition further comprises a pharmaceutical excipient.28.The method of any one of claims 20-25, wherein the subject is a human.29.A method of whitening skin of a subject, the method comprising administering an effective amount of the composition of any one of claims 1-19 to the subject.30.The method of claim 27, wherein an effective amount of the composition comprises:about 2 mg to about 100 mg of the melon concentrate powder,about 20 mg to about 500 mg of the pomegranate fruit extract, andabout 20 mg to about 500 mg of the olive fruit extract.31.The method of claim 27, wherein an effective amount of the composition comprises:about 10 mg to about 50 mg of the melon concentrate powder,about 50 mg to about 200 mg of the pomegranate fruit extract, andabout 150 mg to about 400 mg of the olive fruit extract.32.The method of claim 27, wherein an effective amount of the composition comprises:about 20 mg to about 30 mg of the melon concentrate powder,about 60 mg to about 150 mg of the pomegranate fruit extract, andabout 160 mg to about 400 mg of the olive fruit extract.33.The method of any one of claims 27-30, wherein the composition is administered orally.34.The method of any one of claims 27-31, wherein the composition further comprises a pharmaceutical excipient.35.The method of any one of claims 27-32, wherein the subject is a human.36.A method of reducing ultra-violet light damage on skin of a subject, the method comprising administering an effective amount of the composition of any one of claims 1-19 to the subject.37.The method of claim 34, wherein an effective amount of the composition comprises:about 2 mg to about 100 mg of the melon concentrate powder,about 20 mg to about 500 mg of the pomegranate fruit extract, andabout 20 mg to about 500 mg of the olive fruit extract.38.The method of claim 34, wherein an effective amount of the composition comprises:about 10 mg to about 50 mg of the melon concentrate powder,about 50 mg to about 200 mg of the pomegranate fruit extract, andabout 150 mg to about 400 mg of the olive fruit extract.39.The method of claim 34, wherein an effective amount of the composition comprises:about 20 mg to about 30 mg of the melon concentrate powder,about 60 mg to about 150 mg of the pomegranate fruit extract, andabout 160 mg to about 400 mg of the olive fruit extract.40.The method of any one of claims 34-37, wherein the composition is administered orally.41.The method of any one of claims 34-38, wherein the composition further comprises a pharmaceutical excipient.42.The method of any one of claims 34-39, wherein the subject is a human.
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