Sophorae flos decoction piece, and preparation method therefor and use thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of plant processing, and in particular to a Sophorae flos decoction piece, and a preparation method therefor and the use thereof. The method for preparing the Sophorae flos decoction piece comprises: curing Sophorae flos, fermenting same, and then performing a cracking treatment to make cracks between petals of the Sophorae flos, wherein the mass proportion of fine powder obtained by means of passing the Sophorae flos decoction piece through a 40-mesh sieve is not more than 25%. Compared with the traditional processing technology for Sophorae flos, the method can effectively reduce the loss of rutin and achieve the retention of rutin in Sophorae flos to a greater extent. Moreover, in the use for the purpose of obtaining rutin, the Sophorae flos decoction piece prepared by the method can achieve complete leaching of rutin components while retaining macromolecular components such as polysaccharides in Sophorae flos residues to a greater extent, so that the use value of material residues obtained thereby is maximized, the comprehensive output and added value of Sophorae flos resources are improved, and an effective method for the deep processing of Sophorae flos is provided. The method also has the advantages of a simple and feasible process, etc., and is suitable for industrial application.

Description

Sophora japonica flower slices and preparation method and application thereof

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application with application number 202311115842.7 filed with the Patent Office of China on August 31, 2023, entitled "A Sophora japonica Bean Decoction Slice, Preparation Method and Application thereof", the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0003] The present invention relates to the technical field of plant processing, in particular to a sophora japonica flower slice and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0004] Sophora japonica seeds are the dried flower buds of the Sophora japonica L. plant in the Leguminosae family. Harvested during the bud stage, they are called "sophora seeds" because of their resemblance to rice grains. They have medicinal value, sharing similarities with Sophora japonica flowers, though also differing in some ways. They have a long history of medicinal use in China, known for cooling blood, stopping bleeding, and clearing the liver and purging internal heat.

[0005] China is the origin of the traditional Chinese medicine Sophora japonica, and its resources are rich. The main active ingredient of Sophora japonica is rutin (Rutin, also known as rutin, vitamin P, with a molecular formula of C 27 H 30 O 16 , EINECS accession number 205-814-1, is a natural flavonoid glycosides), quercetin and other flavonoid components, especially rutin (rutin) content of up to 30%. With the continuous deepening of the pharmacological and pharmacological research of rutin and its derivatives, the market demand for rutin has increased year by year. As a raw material for rutin extraction, it has become the most important application of sophora japonica rice, and the amount of sophora japonica rice used for rutin extraction has reached over 60% of the total sophora japonica rice.

[0006] The traditional processing technology of Sophora japonica seeds mainly includes stir-frying Sophora japonica seeds and Sophora japonica seeds charcoal. Guo Rong et al. (Guo Rong, Ding Anwei, Zhang Yong, et al. Effect of processing on the quercetin content in Sophora japonica seeds [J]. Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1996, (07): 406-407+446.) used 150-210℃ stir-frying or baking for 8-14 minutes to obtain Sophora japonica seeds (processed products). Jiang Jiyang et al. (Jiang Jiyang, Li Anjin, Sun Rongxiu, et al. Study on the processing technology of Sophora japonica seeds charcoal [J]. Chinese Materia Medica, 1997, (07): 344-345. DOI: 10.13863 / j.issn1001-4454.1997.07.011.) used 120-170℃ stir-frying for 3-7 minutes to obtain Sophora japonica seeds charcoal. After drying, it was placed in a constant temperature oven and baked at a low temperature (40-50℃) to constant weight. The appearance quality standards for the carbonization of Sophora japonica seeds include: Light carbonization: dark brown on the surface, dark yellow on the inside, with slight burnt black spots; Medium carbonization: burnt brown on the surface, dark brown on the inside, with a few burnt black spots; Heavy carbonization: dark brown on the surface, burnt brown on the inside.

[0007] However, studies have shown that the rutin in Sophora japonica seeds undergoes different degrees of decomposition and destruction during the two processing processes. Therefore, the traditional Sophora japonica seed processing technology is difficult to apply to the deep processing of medicinal materials for the purpose of obtaining rutin.

[0008] In modern industry, for the subsequent deep processing of Sophora japonica seeds, most of the methods are to grind (dried) Sophora japonica seeds or Sophora japonica seeds slices and then use hot water, hot alkaline water to extract or microwave, ultrasound and other auxiliary extraction to obtain rutin. However, Sophora japonica seeds contain about 10% polysaccharides. In the subsequent deep processing of Sophora japonica seeds, after the Sophora japonica seeds are crushed, not only the difficulty of solid-liquid separation is increased, but also components such as Sophora japonica seeds polysaccharides are leached out during the processing. Studies have shown that Sophora japonica seeds polysaccharides have good immune-enhancing activity (Chen Zhongjie, Li Lihong, Li Cunfa, et al. Experimental study on the immunomodulatory effect of Sophora japonica flower polysaccharides on mice [J]. Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2016, 18 (3): 115-117.). The Sophora japonica seeds polysaccharides extracted during the subsequent deep processing of Sophora japonica seeds need to be removed as impurities in the subsequent processing, which not only causes a waste of resources, but also the emission of this part of organic matter also aggravates the impact of Sophora japonica seeds processing on the environment.

[0009] Summary of the Invention

[0010] The invention provides a sophora japonica flower slice, a preparation method and an application thereof.

[0011] In order to solve the problem that the current processing technology of Sophora japonica buds cannot meet the main application requirements of Sophora japonica buds, the present invention develops a preparation method of Sophora japonica bud slices.

[0012] To better ensure the extraction efficiency of rutin, the prior art generally grinds the Sophora japonica seeds or Sophora japonica seeds slices into a fine powder before rutin extraction. However, grinding the Sophora japonica seeds causes polysaccharides, fiber, protein and other components in the Sophora japonica seeds to be leached out during the subsequent extraction process, which not only increases the difficulty of rutin separation and purification, but also results in waste and reduced content of polysaccharides, fiber, protein and other components in the extracted residue. During the research and development process, the present invention unexpectedly discovered that after the Sophora japonica seeds are subjected to a treatment of maturation, proofing and cracking, the petals of the Sophora japonica seeds are cracked to obtain Sophora japonica seeds medicinal slices. Rutin can be extracted from the Sophora japonica seeds medicinal slices, thereby obtaining rutin with a high extraction efficiency. Moreover, the amount of fine powder in the Sophora japonica seeds medicinal slices obtained by the above treatment is controlled within a range of no more than 25%, which will have a significant positive effect on the retention of components such as polysaccharides, fibers, and proteins. By controlling the amount of fine powder, while ensuring a high rutin extraction yield, more macromolecular components such as polysaccharides, fibers, and proteins can be retained in the Sophora japonica seeds residue after extraction for subsequent applications. In addition, compared with traditional processing methods, the above processing method significantly reduces the loss of rutin during the processing process.

[0013] Specifically, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0014] The invention provides a preparation method of sophora japonica flower slices. The method comprises: ripening the sophora japonica flower, then proofing it, and then cracking it so that cracks form between the petals of the sophora japonica flower, and the mass proportion of fine powder passing through a 40-mesh sieve is no more than 25%.

[0015] Preferably, the mass percentage of the fine powder of the Sophora japonica slices passing through a 40-mesh sieve is 5-25%. Controlling the mass percentage of the fine powder within this range can significantly improve the rutin extraction yield while retaining more macromolecular components such as polysaccharides in the extracted residue, thereby improving the utilization value of the residue.

[0016] In the medicinal slices obtained by the above medicinal slice preparation method, most of the Sophora japonica seeds still maintain relatively complete flower buds, with cracks between the petals and a certain amount of fine powder (no more than 25%).

[0017] In the above method, the terminal temperature of the proofing is 50-70°C.

[0018] In the above method, the moisture content at the end point of proofing is 10-15%.

[0019] The endpoint temperature of the above-mentioned proofing refers to the temperature at the end of proofing, and the endpoint moisture content refers to the moisture content of the Sophora japonica rice at the end of proofing.

[0020] After the high temperature aging treatment, the sophora japonica seeds are directly subjected to a proofing treatment to the above-mentioned terminal temperature and moisture. The proofing treatment is to place the sophora japonica seeds after the aging treatment under certain temperature and humidity conditions until the terminal temperature and moisture of the proofing are reached.

[0021] The present invention does not impose any special restrictions on the equipment for proofing. Those skilled in the art can choose to perform proofing under cooling water and / or nitrogen flow conditions as needed, as long as the endpoint temperature and endpoint moisture of the proofing are reached.

[0022] The present invention finds that if proofing is not performed after high-temperature aging and cracking treatment is directly performed, the viscosity of the sophora japonica seedlings will be larger, making it difficult to perform cracking treatment. Further, by controlling the terminal temperature and moisture of proofing within the above range, the integrity of the sophora japonica seedlings after cracking treatment can be significantly improved while ensuring the cracking effect (causing the petals to split), and the amount of fine powder can be controlled within the scope of the above requirements, which is also more conducive to the guarantee of rutin extraction efficiency.

[0023] In the above method, the cracking is performed by extrusion cracking.

[0024] Extrusion cracking refers to a method of opening the object to be processed by extrusion. There is no particular limitation on the equipment used for extrusion cracking in the present invention, and conventional extrusion cracking equipment can be used.

[0025] In some embodiments of the present invention, a double roller machine is used for cracking treatment, and the hydraulic pressure of the double roller machine is 2-4 MPa.

[0026] In the above method, the aging is high-temperature aging.

[0027] Preferably, the aging temperature is 90-140°C.

[0028] The aging time is 20 to 60 minutes.

[0029] Controlling the curing temperature and time within the above range is beneficial to reducing the loss of effective ingredients such as rutin during the processing process. Moreover, it can better ensure the integrity of the Sophora japonica seeds after cracking treatment and control the amount of fine powder within the above required range.

[0030] There is no particular limitation on the raw materials of Sophora japonica seeds for preparing Sophora japonica seeds slices in the present invention. Untreated (dried) Sophora japonica seeds of the current year or (dried) Sophora japonica seeds that have been properly stored can be used.

[0031] The present invention also provides a production line for Sophora japonica flower slices, which comprises a ripening device, a proofing device and a cracking device.

[0032] Preferably, the production line includes a feeding device (such as a feeding auger), a raw material bin, a raw material conveying device (such as a scraper), a aging device, a proofing device and a cracking device (such as a roller machine).

[0033] The above production line is suitable for the preparation method of the above-mentioned Sophora japonica slices.

[0034] The present invention also provides a sophora japonica decoction piece, which is prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method of the sophora japonica decoction piece.

[0035] Preferably, the petals of the Sophora japonica flower slices are cracked; and the mass proportion of the fine powder of the Sophora japonica flower slices passing through a 40-mesh sieve is no more than 25%.

[0036] Further preferably, the mass proportion of the fine powder of the Sophora japonica pieces passing through a 40-mesh sieve is 5-25%.

[0037] In the medicinal slices, most of the Sophora japonica seeds still maintain relatively complete flower buds, with cracks between the petals and a certain amount (no more than 25%) of fine powder.

[0038] The rutin content of the prepared Sophora japonica flower slices can reach a level comparable to that of the Sophora japonica flower raw material before processing, with less rutin loss, and better retention of nutritional and functional components, and can be used for the preparation of medicines, foods, or daily chemical products. Moreover, when the Sophora japonica flower slices are used as raw materials for extracting functional components such as rutin, the Sophora japonica flower slices cracked between the petals are used for extraction, which can significantly improve the extraction efficiency of rutin, while reducing the loss of components such as polysaccharides, fibers, and proteins, and significantly increasing the content of components such as polysaccharides, fibers, and proteins in the Sophora japonica flower residue. The Sophora japonica flower slices can be used as nutritional or functional components of Sophora japonica flower residue meal, and in the form of feed raw materials, provide nutrition for feeding animals, thereby improving the comprehensive output and added value of Sophora japonica flower resources.

[0039] The present invention provides any of the following applications of the above-mentioned Sophora japonica decoction pieces:

[0040] (1) Application in drug preparation;

[0041] (2) Application in food preparation;

[0042] (3) Application in the preparation of daily chemical products;

[0043] (4) Application in the extraction of effective substances from Sophora japonica seeds;

[0044] Preferably, in the above (4), the effective substance of Sophora japonica seed is rutin.

[0045] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: compared with traditional Flos Sophorae Bauhiniae processing technology, the Flos Sophorae Bauhiniae decoction slice preparation method provided by the present invention obtains Flos Sophorae Bauhiniae decoction slices, and the form of the Flos Sophorae Bauhiniae decoction slices is mostly still dry bud shape, and the bud integrity is kept better, and the Flos Sophorae Bauhiniae petals are cracked, and there is a certain amount of (not higher than 25%) of fine powder. The method can effectively reduce the loss of rutin in the Flos Sophorae Bauhiniae decoction slices, and realizes the retention of rutin in the Flos Sophorae Bauhiniae decoction slices to a greater extent. Moreover, in the subsequent application with rutin as the purpose, the Flos Sophorae Bauhiniae decoction slices prepared by the method can be processed in subsequent downstream production enterprises, and when the rutin component is fully leached, the macromolecular components such as polysaccharides, fiber, protein in the Flos Sophorae Bauhiniae slag are retained to a greater extent, so that the application value of the Flos Sophorae Bauhiniae material slag is maximized, and the comprehensive output and added value of the Flos Sophorae Bauhiniae resources are improved, and an effective method is provided for the deep processing of the Flos Sophorae Bauhiniae. The preparation method of the present invention also has the advantages of simple and easy process, and is suitable for industrial application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 shows Sophora japonica seeds.

[0047] Figure 2 shows the Sophora japonica pieces prepared in this application.

[0048] Figure 3 is the detection spectrum.

[0049] Figure 4 is the standard curve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0051] According to the Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition):

[0052] This product is the dried flowers and buds of Sophora japonica L., a plant in the Leguminosae family. Harvested in summer when the flowers open or the buds form, they are promptly dried, and branches, stems, and impurities are removed. The former are commonly known as "sophora flowers," and the latter as "sophora rice."

[0053] Sophora japonica flowers are wrinkled and curled, with petals often scattered. The complete calyx is bell-shaped, yellow-green, and shallowly lobed at the apex. There are five petals, yellow or yellowish-white; one is larger, nearly round, and slightly concave at the apex; the other four are oblong. There are ten stamens, nine of which are fused at the base. The filaments are slender. The pistil is cylindrical and curved. The plant is light in weight, with a faint odor and a slightly bitter taste.

[0054] Sophora japonica: Oval or elliptical, 2-6 mm long and approximately 2 mm in diameter. The lower calyx has several longitudinal striations. Above the calyx are yellowish-white, unopened flowers. The pedicel is small. The plant is light and crumbles easily when touched. It has a faint odor and a slightly bitter taste. (See Figure 1).

[0055] The pharmacopoeia defines Sophora japonica as the dried flower buds of the leguminous plant Sophora japonica L. Drying can be done by air-drying or oven-drying. In practice, farmers harvest Sophora japonica, but due to equipment limitations, they often air-dry. Distributors then purchase them from farmers. The Sophora japonica mentioned in this application refers to dried Sophora japonica.

[0056] The Sophora japonica seeds used in the examples were purchased by the applicant from a dealer and were in the state of dried flower buds.

[0057] Sampling was carried out in accordance with General Chapter 0211 of Part IV of the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The determination of moisture content in Sophora japonica rice was carried out in accordance with the moisture determination method for Sophora japonica flowers in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The determination method of rutin was shown in Appendix A.

[0058] The aging device used in the preparation method of the present invention can be a disc dryer, a degassing machine, an oven, a distillation pot, a wok or other device that can be uniformly heated. The proofing device can be a disc dryer, a degassing machine, an oven, a distillation pot, a wok or other device that can uniformly control the temperature. The configuration can be based on the equipment conditions of the workshop. If the equipment allows, the aging equipment can be used for in-situ proofing.

[0059] In order to eliminate the influence of different equipment on the amount of fine powder of medicinal slices, all the following examples and comparative examples were carried out using a unified maturation and proofing equipment.

[0060] The equipment used in the embodiment is a degassing machine, specifically including a first-stage degassing machine and a second-stage degassing machine. By controlling the steam pressure and / or the rotation motor frequency of the degassing machine, a refrigerant is introduced into the jacket to control the temperature of the gas inside the equipment / or the material is placed under nitrogen flow conditions until the material or environment reaches the target temperature or moisture content requirements.

[0061] Example 1

[0062] This embodiment provides a method for preparing Sophora japonica slices, the steps of which are as follows:

[0063] 5t of raw Sophora japonica rice (the raw Sophora japonica rice was tested to have a rutin content of 19.98% and a moisture content of 13.0%) was transferred to a raw material bin through a feeding auger, and transported to a first-level evaporator through a scraper for curing at a curing temperature of 140°C and a curing time of 20min. The raw Sophora japonica rice was then transferred to a second-level evaporator (circulating water was introduced into the jacket) in a closed state through a feeding scraper for proofing. The proofing end temperature was 59-61°C, and the proofing end moisture was 13.0-13.5%. After proofing, the Sophora japonica rice was cracked by a double-roller machine with a hydraulic pressure of 2.9±0.5MPa, so that cracks formed between the petals of the Sophora japonica rice to obtain Sophora japonica rice slices. The mass of the fine powder passing through a 40-mesh sieve accounted for 10% of the Sophora japonica rice slices.

[0064] The Sophora japonica pieces prepared in this application are shown in Figure 2.

[0065] Example 2

[0066] This embodiment provides a method for preparing Sophora japonica slices, the steps of which are as follows:

[0067] 5t of raw Sophora japonica seeds (the raw Sophora japonica seeds were tested to have a rutin content of 18.46% and a moisture content of 12.5%) were transferred to a raw material bin through a feeding auger, and conveyed to a first-level steam-degassing machine through a scraper for ripening, with a ripening temperature of 90°C and a ripening time of 60min. Thereafter, the seeds were transferred to a second-level steam-degassing machine in a closed state through a feeding scraper for proofing, with a proofing end temperature of 50-52°C and a proofing end moisture of 14.5-15.0%. After proofing, the Sophora japonica seeds were cracked by a double-roller machine so that cracks formed between the petals of the Sophora japonica seeds. The hydraulic pressure of the double-roller machine was 2.9±0.5MPa to obtain Sophora japonica seeds slices, of which the mass of fine powder passing through a 40-mesh sieve accounted for 8%.

[0068] Example 3

[0069] This embodiment provides a method for preparing Sophora japonica slices, the steps of which are as follows:

[0070] 5t of raw Sophora japonica seeds (the raw Sophora japonica seeds were tested to have a rutin content of 17.47% and a moisture content of 12.5%) were transferred to a raw material bin through a feeding auger, and transported to a first-level steam-degassing machine for ripening through a scraper. The ripening temperature was 130°C and the ripening time was 30min. Thereafter, the seeds were transferred to a second-level steam-degassing machine in a closed state through a feeding scraper for proofing. The proofing end temperature was 50-52°C, and the proofing end moisture was 10.0-10.5%. After proofing, the Sophora japonica seeds were cracked by a double-roller machine so that cracks were formed between the petals of the Sophora japonica seeds. The hydraulic pressure of the double-roller machine was 2.9±0.5MPa to obtain Sophora japonica seeds slices. The mass of the fine powder passing through a 40-mesh sieve of the Sophora japonica seeds slices accounted for 25%.

[0071] Example 4

[0072] This embodiment provides a method for preparing Sophora japonica slices, the steps of which are as follows:

[0073] 5t of raw material Sophora japonica seeds (the raw material Sophora japonica seeds were tested to have a rutin content of 19.32% and a moisture content of 13.0%) were transferred to a raw material bin through a feeding auger, and conveyed to a first-level steam-degassing machine for ripening through a scraper. The ripening temperature was 110°C and the ripening time was 40min. Thereafter, the raw material Sophora japonica seeds were transferred to a second-level steam-degassing machine in a closed state through a feeding scraper for proofing. The proofing end temperature was 68-70°C, and the proofing end moisture was 10.0-10.5%. After proofing, the Sophora japonica seeds were cracked by a double-roller machine so that cracks were formed between the petals of the Sophora japonica seeds. The hydraulic pressure of the double-roller machine was 2.9±0.5MPa to obtain Sophora japonica seeds slices. The mass of the fine powder passing through a 40-mesh sieve of the Sophora japonica seeds slices accounted for 18%.

[0074] Example 5

[0075] This embodiment provides a method for preparing Sophora japonica slices, the steps of which are as follows:

[0076] 5t of raw Sophora japonica rice (the raw Sophora japonica rice was tested and the rutin content in the Sophora japonica rice was 20.41% and the moisture content was 13.0%) was transferred to the raw material warehouse through a feeding auger, and transported to a curing device through a scraper. The curing temperature was 105°C and the curing time was 50min. Thereafter, the Sophora japonica rice was transferred to a proofing device in a closed state. The proofing end temperature was 68-70°C and the proofing end moisture was 14.5-15.0%. After proofing, the Sophora japonica rice was cracked by a double-roller machine so that cracks were formed between the petals of the Sophora japonica rice. The hydraulic pressure of the double-roller machine was 2.9±0.5MPa to obtain Sophora japonica rice slices. The mass of the fine powder of the Sophora japonica rice slices passing through a 40-mesh sieve accounted for 5%.

[0077] Comparative Example 1

[0078] This comparative example provides a preparation method of Sophora japonica slices, and the steps are as follows:

[0079] 5t of raw Sophora japonica rice (the raw Sophora japonica rice was tested and found to have a rutin content of 20.00% and a moisture content of 13.0%) was transferred to the raw material silo through a feeding auger. The Sophora japonica rice directly entered the double-roller machine from the silo to crack the petals of the Sophora japonica rice. The hydraulic pressure of the double-roller machine was 2.9±0.5MPa to obtain Sophora japonica rice slices. The mass of the fine powder passing through the 40-mesh sieve accounted for 65%.

[0080] Comparative Example 2

[0081] This comparative example provides a preparation method of Sophora japonica slices, and the steps are as follows:

[0082] 5t of raw Sophora japonica rice (the raw Sophora japonica rice was tested and found to have a rutin content of 20.00% and a moisture content of 13.0%) was transferred to the raw material bin through a feeding auger, and transported to a steam desiccant for ripening through a scraper. The ripening temperature was 100°C and the ripening time was 50min. Afterwards, the rice was transferred to a double-roller machine in a closed state for cracking. The hydraulic pressure of the double-roller machine was 2.9±0.5MPa. The equipment made an abnormal noise and was forced to stop. A large amount of Sophora japonica rice stuck to the rollers.

[0083] Comparative Example 3

[0084] This comparative example provides a preparation method of Sophora japonica slices, and the steps are as follows:

[0085] 5t of raw Sophora japonica seeds (the raw Sophora japonica seeds were tested to have a rutin content of 20.00% and a moisture content of 13.0%) were transferred to the raw material bin through a feeding auger, and transported to a first-level evaporator for curing through a scraper. The curing temperature was 100°C and the curing time was 50min. Thereafter, the seeds were transferred to a second-level evaporator in a closed state through a feeding scraper for proofing. The proofing end temperature was 40-42°C, and the proofing end moisture was 13.0-13.5%. After proofing, the Sophora japonica seeds were cracked by a double-roller machine so that cracks were formed between the petals of the Sophora japonica seeds. The hydraulic pressure of the double-roller machine was 2.9±0.5MPa to obtain Sophora japonica seeds slices. The mass of the fine powder passing through the 40-mesh sieve of the Sophora japonica seeds slices accounted for 45%.

[0086] Comparative Example 4

[0087] This comparative example provides a preparation method of Sophora japonica slices, and the steps are as follows:

[0088] 5t of raw Sophora japonica rice (sampling and testing of the raw Sophora japonica rice showed that the rutin content in the Sophora japonica rice was 20.00% and the moisture content was 13.0%). The raw Sophora japonica rice was transferred to the raw material warehouse through a feeding auger, and transported to a first-level steam-degassing machine for ripening through a scraper. The ripening temperature was 100°C and the ripening time was 50min. Thereafter, the raw Sophora japonica rice was transferred to a second-level steam-degassing machine in a closed state through a feeding scraper for proofing. The proofing end temperature was 59-61°C, and the proofing end moisture was 5.0-5.5%. After proofing, the Sophora japonica rice was cracked by a double-roller machine so that cracks were formed between the petals of the Sophora japonica rice. The hydraulic pressure of the double-roller machine was 2.9±0.5MPa to obtain Sophora japonica rice slices. The mass of the fine powder passing through the 40-mesh sieve of the Sophora japonica rice slices accounted for 65%.

[0089] Experimental Example 1 Detection of rutin content and moisture content in Sophora japonica slices (finished product)

[0090] The prepared Sophora japonica pieces were sampled and tested for rutin content and moisture content. The results showed that the rutin content of the Sophora japonica pieces in each example remained at a level comparable to that of the Sophora japonica raw material before processing, and the dry matter content of the Sophora japonica after processing was also at the same level as before processing. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0091] Table 1

[0092] It should be noted that: although the rutin content of the Sophora japonica slices in Comparative Examples 3 and 4 did not change much before and after preparation, the increase in the amount of fine powder contained in the Sophora japonica slices would increase the difficulty in subsequent rutin extraction.

[0093] Experimental Example 2: Sophora japonica slices (finished product) are used as raw materials for rutin extraction

[0094] The Sophora japonica pieces prepared in each embodiment and comparative example were used as raw materials to extract rutin, and the rutin extraction efficiency and the retention of macromolecular components such as polysaccharides in the material residue were detected. The specific method is as follows:

[0095] 500kg of Sophora japonica slices are transported to the 10m 3 After the addition of materials to the extraction tank is completed, 5.0m 3 70% ethanol at 65-70℃, maintain 65-70℃, stir at 20Hz and extract for 1h, filter, extract 5 times under the same conditions, and obtain 24.5ml of extract 3 , stir each extraction liquid evenly, measure the volume, take samples, mix them according to proportion, and obtain a mixed extract. The remaining residue is evaporated to dryness in the original extraction tank. Determine the mass volume solid content of the extract (dry matter / volume*100%), dry matter extraction rate (extracted dry matter / raw material dry matter*100%), and rutin volume content. The extract is vacuum dried at a temperature below 70°C to obtain a crude rutin extract with a volatile matter of ≤7%, and the rutin dry basis HPLC content is detected. The residue is vacuum dried at a temperature below 70°C to obtain a volatile matter of ≤7%. After drying, the rutin, polysaccharide and protein content of the residue is detected (converted to a 10% moisture residue content). The residue is dried using a disc dryer and the mass of the residue with a volatile matter of 10.0% is determined.

[0096] The method of extracting rutin by crushing the sophora japonica seeds commonly used in the prior art was used as a control. The only difference between the method and the above method was that the sophora japonica seeds slices were replaced with sophora japonica seeds powder with a pass rate of 100% through 80 mesh. The raw sophora japonica seeds powder was tested and the rutin content in the sophora japonica seeds powder was 19.98% and the moisture content was 13.10%.

[0097] The test results after rutin extraction are shown in Table 2. As shown in Table 2, the extraction of rutin using the Sophora japonica slices of Examples 1-5 as raw materials has a high extraction efficiency of rutin (rutin extraction yield and rutin dry basis HPLC content are both high, and the rutin content of the slag is low). Furthermore, the loss of components such as polysaccharides, fiber, and protein in the slag is relatively small, significantly improving the content of components such as polysaccharides, fiber, and protein in the Sophora japonica slag (the dry matter extraction rate is low, and the crude fiber content, crude protein content, and volatile matter 10.0% of the slag are all high). The control group replaced the extraction raw material Sophora japonica slices with Sophora japonica powder with a pass rate of 100% through 80 meshes, resulting in a decrease in the extraction efficiency of rutin, and the contents of polysaccharides, fiber, protein, etc. in the Sophora japonica slag were significantly reduced, and the quality of the Sophora japonica slag was greatly reduced; the mass of the fine powder passed through the 40-mesh sieve of the Sophora japonica slices of Comparative Example 3 was 45%. The Sophora japonica slices of Comparative Example 3 were used as the extraction raw material, resulting in a decrease in the extraction efficiency of rutin, and the contents of polysaccharides, fiber, protein, etc. in the slag were significantly reduced, and the quality of the slag was significantly reduced. The mass of the fine powder passed through the 40-mesh sieve of the Sophora japonica slices of Comparative Examples 1 and 4 was 65%. The results showed that compared with the Sophora japonica slices of the embodiment as the extraction raw material, the Sophora japonica slices of Comparative Examples 1 and 4 as the extraction raw material resulted in a decrease in the extraction efficiency of rutin, and the contents of polysaccharides, fiber, protein, etc. in the slag and the quality of the slag were significantly reduced.

[0098] Table 2

[0099] Additional notes:

[0100] Mass volume solid content: the weight of dry matter in 100ml of extract, that is, g / 100ml, the unit is %, mainly used to calculate the dry matter extraction rate.

[0101] Dry matter extraction rate: The solids dissolved during the extraction process of 100g of Sophora japonica seeds or medicinal slices, mainly indicating that the total solids dissolved during the medicinal slices extraction process are less than those during the powder extraction process.

[0102] Rutin volume content: The concentration of rutin in the extract, used to calculate the yield of rutin in the extraction process.

[0103] Appendix A

[0104] Inspection methods

[0105] A.1 General Provisions

[0106] Unless otherwise specified, the reagents and water used in this standard refer to analytically pure reagents and grade 3 water specified in GB / T 6682-2008.

[0107] A.2 Instruments and Equipment

[0108] A.2.2.1 High performance liquid chromatograph equipped with UV-visible detector;

[0109] A.2.2.2 Ultrasonic cleaner;

[0110] A.2.2.3 Analytical balance (sensitivity 0.0001g);

[0111] A.3 Detection steps

[0112] A.3.3.1 Preparation of standard samples

[0113] A.3.3.1.1 Standard stock solution: Weigh about 10 mg of the standard substance and place it in the same 25 mL brown volumetric flask. Dissolve it with chromatographic methanol by ultrasonication and then adjust the volume. Transfer it to a special standard solution bottle as the stock solution and store it in a refrigerator at 4°C. The validity period is one year.

[0114] A.3.3.1.2 Standard curve: dilute the mixed stock solution with methanol in equal multiples to obtain 5 concentration levels, draw a standard curve, and determine the linear range.

[0115] A.3.3.1.3 Standard working solution: Dilute the standard stock solution to a concentration of approximately 0.1 mg / mL and place it in a dedicated standard solution bottle as the working solution. Store in a refrigerator at 4°C and the validity period is one year.

[0116] A.3.3.2 Preparation of sample solution

[0117] A.3.3.2.1 Powder sample: weigh approximately 0.5000 g of sample in parallel and place in a 50 mL volumetric flask. Add methanol and sonicate to dissolve the sample. Cool, adjust to volume, and mix thoroughly for testing.

[0118] A.3.3.2.2 Liquid sample: Weigh or pipette a certain amount of sample, dilute it with methanol by a certain multiple, mix well and then test.

[0119] A.3.3.3 Reference liquid chromatography conditions

[0120] A.3.3.3.1 Chromatographic column: 48#, C 18 Column (4.6 x 250 mm, 5 μm).

[0121] A.3.3.3.2 Chromatographic column temperature: 40℃.

[0122] A.3.3.3.3 Injection volume: 10μL.

[0123] A.3.3.3.4 Running time: 40 minutes.

[0124] A.3.3.3.5 Mobile phase conditions: acetonitrile: water: phosphoric acid = 190:810:8 (volume ratio).

[0125] A.3.3.3.6 Flow rate: 1.0 mL / min.

[0126] A.3.3.3.7 Wavelength: 360nm

[0127] A.3.3.4 See Figure 3 for the detection spectrum.

[0128] A.3.3.5 Result calculation

[0129] The external standard method was used for quantification, and the single point quantitative method was used for quantitative detection. The content of rutin in the sample was expressed as % as follows:

[0130] X=(S 样品 / S 标样 *C 标样 *K) / M 样品 / 10

[0131] Where: X——the content of rutin in the sample, in %;

[0132] S sample - the peak area of ​​the sample detected on liquid chromatography;

[0133] S standard sample - the peak area of ​​the standard sample detected on the liquid chromatography;

[0134] C Standard - the concentration of the standard, in mg / mL;

[0135] K——sample dilution multiple;

[0136] Msample – the mass of the sample in g.

[0137] The calculation results are rounded to two decimal places. Powder samples are tested in parallel, with a parallelism error of 3% and a retest error of 5%.

[0138] Appendix: Accuracy Verification Data

[0139] 1. Drawing of standard curve for rutin quantification

[0140] 1.1 Preparation of Rutin Stock Solution:

[0141] Accurately weigh 0.21306 g of rutin reference substance, dilute to 100 mL with methanol, and filter through a 0.45 μm filter membrane.

[0142] 1.2 Drawing of the standard curve

[0143] The measurement data are shown in Table 3, and the standard curve is shown in Figure 4.

[0144] Table 3

[0145] Accurately measure the rutin stock solution and draw a standard curve based on the main peak area of ​​rutin and the concentration of the reference solution. 2 =0.999948.

[0146] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing Sophora japonica slices, characterized in that: The method comprises: ripening and then proofing the sophora japonica seeds, and then performing a cracking treatment to make cracks appear between the petals of the sophora japonica seeds; The mass percentage of fine powder of the Sophora japonica root slices that passes through a 40-mesh sieve is no higher than 25%.

2. The method for preparing the Sophora japonica bud slices according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass percentage of the fine powder of the Sophora japonica flower pieces passing through a 40-mesh sieve is 5-25%.

3. The method for preparing the Sophora japonica bud slices according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The final temperature of the proofing is 50-70°C.

4. The method for preparing the Sophora japonica flower slices according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The moisture content at the end point of the proofing is 10-15%.

5. The method for preparing the Sophora japonica flower slices according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The cracking is performed by extrusion cracking.

6. The method for preparing the Sophora japonica flower slices according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The aging temperature is 90-140°C; Preferably, the aging time is 20 to 60 minutes.

7. A production line for Sophora japonica slices, characterized in that: The production line includes a aging device, a proofing device and a cracking device; Preferably, the production line comprises a feeding device, a raw material bin, a raw material conveying device, a maturation device, a proofing device and a cracking device.

8. A sophora japonica decoction piece, characterized in that: The Sophora japonica flower slices are prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. Any of the following uses of the Sophora japonica slices according to claim 8: (1) Application in drug preparation; (2) Application in food preparation; (3) Application in the preparation of daily chemical products; (4) Application in the extraction of effective substances from Sophora japonica seeds.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that: The effective substance of Sophora japonica seed is rutin.

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