Method for producing a main body composite

Abstract

A method for producing a main body composite (1, 11, 16) for a cutting tool, comprising the method steps: a) providing a rear main body (3, 12, 17), b) additively manufacturing a front main body (4, 13, 18) on the rear main body (3, 12, 17), c) removing material from the front main body (4, 13, 18) and the rear main body (3, 12, 17), in each case adjoining an interface (8, 10, 15) formed in step b) between the front main body (4, 13, 18) and the rear main body (3, 12, 17).

Description

[0001] Process for producing a base body composite

[0002] The present invention relates to a method for producing a base body composite for a cutting tool, comprising the method steps: a) providing a rear base body, b) additively building a front base body on the rear base body.

[0003] The present invention further relates to a base body assembly for a cutting tool, comprising a rear base body and a front base body additively constructed on the rear base body.

[0004] EP 381 584 0 A1 discloses a cutting tool in which the main body, in the form of a cutting tool head, is additively constructed onto an intermediate element. The cutting tool known from EP 381 584 0 A1 has reduced fatigue strength and flexural strength.

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a base body composite with improved fatigue strength and flexural strength as well as such a base body composite.

[0006] The technical problem of the present invention is solved by the subject matter of claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention can be found in the dependent claims, which can be freely combined with one another.

[0007] Method for producing a base body composite for a cutting tool, comprising the method steps: a) providing a rear base body, b) additively building up a front base body on the rear base body, c) removing material from the front base body and the rear base body, each adjacent to an interface formed between the front base body and the rear base body in step b).

[0008] By removing material from the front base body and the rear base body adjacent to the interface in step c), material is removed from both the front base body and the rear base body.It has been shown that this surprisingly increases the fatigue strength and flexural strength of the base body composite, in particular when the front base body is additively built up on the rear base body by melting and solidifying a build-up material, preferably a steel powder, in that a penetration zone in the region of the interface is then essentially removed, preferably completely, by the removal of material in step c), so that the interface is then essentially free of penetration zones or completely free of penetration zones; while in the radial interior of the interface more homogeneous cooling conditions exist due to the volume, these are more inhomogeneous on the outer circumference, so that the solidification of the front base body following the melting usually creates a so-called penetration zone on the outer circumference of the interface, which can be removed by removing material.

[0009] The rear base body can be manufactured conventionally, i.e. not additively, for example by milling, drilling and / or grinding.

[0010] According to an advantageous development of the method, the material removal in step c) is carried out mechanically. For example, material is removed from the front base body and the rear base body by milling and / or grinding, thereby saving time and costs.

[0011] According to an advantageous development of the method, in step c), a groove extending on both sides of the interface is created. This groove ensures a particularly smooth outer peripheral transition from the rear base body to the front base body and vice versa.

[0012] According to an advantageous development of the method, the front base body is additively built up in step b) by selectively melting a steel powder. During selective melting, preferably laser melting or electron beam melting, a penetration zone typically forms in the region of the interface, which is essentially, preferably completely, removed by removing material in step c). This penetration zone in particular typically represents a weak point, so that removing the material in step c) increases the service life of the base body composite produced by steps a) to c) by essentially, preferably completely, removing the penetration zone.

[0013] According to an advantageous development of the method, the steel powder is a maraging steel powder. If the steel powder is a maraging steel powder, precipitation hardening of the front base body, which is then additively built up from the maraging steel powder, is preferably carried out between step b) and step c) or after step c). Components manufactured from maraging steel powder are characterized by high strength and hardness, and maraging steel powders are also well suited for the additive manufacturing of the front base body. Maraging steels (from the English "martensite" and "aging" (i.e., maraging-hardenable steel) are a special group of martensitic steels with a high nickel content (i.e., usually more than 10 mass percent nickel) and a low carbon content (i.e.,usually up to a maximum of 0.03 mass percent carbon), which can be manufactured in a comparatively ductile martensitic state and later strengthened by aging treatment.

[0014] According to an advantageous development, the maraging steel of the maraging steel powder comprises 17 to 20 mass percent nickel, 8 to 12.5 mass percent cobalt, 3 to 5.2 mass percent molybdenum, 0.15 to 1.8 mass percent titanium, 0.05 to 0.15 mass percent aluminum, 0 to 0.5 mass percent chromium, 0 to 0.5 mass percent copper, 0 to 0.15 mass percent manganese, 0 to 0.1 mass percent silicon, 0 to 0.03 mass percent carbon, the remainder iron and unavoidable impurities. If the maraging steel of the maraging steel powder has or consists of this composition, it is particularly well suited for additive manufacturing of the front base body on the rear base body.

[0015] Preferably, the maraging steel of the maraging steel powder consists of 17 to 20 mass% nickel, 8 to 12.5 mass% cobalt, 3 to 5.2 mass% molybdenum, 0.15 to 1.8 mass% titanium, 0.05 to 0.15 mass% aluminum, 0 to 0.5 mass% chromium, 0 to 0.5 mass% copper, 0 to 0.15 mass% manganese, 0 to 0.1 mass% silicon, 0 to 0.03 mass% carbon, the balance iron and unavoidable impurities. Particularly preferred is the standardized composition 1.2709 falling within this composition range (material number according to DIN EN 10027-2:2015-07, July 2015, i.e. in mass percent based on the total composition, 17 to 19 nickel, 8.5 to 10 cobalt, 4.5 to 5.2 Mo, 0.8 to 1.2 titanium, maximum 0.03 carbon, maximum 0.1 silicon, maximum 0.15 manganese, maximum 0.25 chromium, balance iron and unavoidable impurities).

[0016] According to an advantageous development of the method, the rear base body is manufactured conventionally. The rear base body is preferably manufactured conventionally during preparation in step a), for example, by grinding, milling, turning, or drilling, i.e., subtractively. This saves costs and increases the productivity of the method. Preferably, the rear base body is heated in step b) to a temperature greater than 25°C, preferably to 100°C or more, to reduce thermal stress during additive construction.

[0017] According to an advantageous development of the method, in step b) the front base body is additively constructed to form a coolant channel that is at least partially spatially curved, preferably in such a way that the curved coolant channel is connected in a fluid-communicating manner to a coolant channel of the rear base body that is produced conventionally, i.e., by milling and / or drilling, for example.

[0018] According to an advantageous development of the method, in step b) the front base body is additively constructed to form at least one insert seat for mounting a cutting element.

[0019] The problem is also solved by the base body composite according to claim 9.

[0020] A base body assembly for a cutting tool, comprising a rear base body and a front base body additively constructed on the rear base body, wherein the base body assembly has a circumferential groove at an interface between the rear base body and the front base body, wherein the groove is formed extending on both sides of the interface.

[0021] Due to the groove, in a longitudinal section of the main body composite, the microstructure adjacent to the interface on the front main body side in the radial interior appears identical to the radial outer one in a light microscopic image at 50x magnification, and analogously, in this longitudinal section, the microstructure adjacent to the interface on the rear main body side in the radial interior appears identical to the radial outer one in a light microscopic image at 50x magnification.

[0022] The groove is a depression that extends on both sides of the interface in the axial direction of the base body composite and inwards into it; the base body composite has an axial extent along the axial direction and extends transversely to the axial direction. The groove reduces the notch effect of the interface particularly well. The groove can be rounded or angular when viewed perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. According to an advantageous development of the base body composite, the groove is rounded. By rounding the groove, the notch effect of the interface is reduced even more effectively. Preferably, the groove follows one or more rounding circles when viewed perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, wherein the multiple rounding circles are then arranged axially offset from one another and can have different diameters.

[0023] According to an advantageous development of the base body composite, the front base body is made of maraging steel. The advantages and properties described with regard to the maraging steel powder are realized analogously; in particular, the maraging steel can have one of the described compositions of the maraging steel powder.

[0024] According to an advantageous development of the base body assembly, the front base body has a coolant channel that is spatially curved at least in sections. The coolant channel that is spatially curved at least in sections is advantageous for particularly smooth coolant deflection, wherein the coolant channel that is spatially curved at least in sections can preferably be connected in a fluid-communicating manner to a preferably provided feed channel of the rear base body and opens into an outer periphery of the front base body for a coolant outlet there.

[0025] According to an advantageous development of the base body assembly, the front base body has at least one insert seat for mounting a cutting element. The presence of the insert seat allows the front base body to be fitted with the cutting element with particular precision. The cutting element is preferably made of cemented carbide, thereby improving cutting performance. The insert seat can extend primarily circumferentially or primarily radially with respect to a longitudinal axis of the base body assembly.

[0026] According to an advantageous development of the base body assembly, the front base body is equipped with at least one cutting element. The cutting element can be reversibly detachably attached to the front base body, for example, by means of a screw or clamping claw, or can be firmly bonded, for example, by soldering, to the insert seat. According to an advantageous development of the base body assembly, the rear base body and the front base body are made of different steel grades.Thus, the front base body can be made of maraging steel and the rear base body of a different heat-treatable steel, for example of a steel comprising 0.2 to 0.65 mass percent carbon, 0 to 2.5 mass percent silicon, 0 to 2 mass percent manganese, 0 to 12 mass percent chromium, 0 to 5 mass percent molybdenum, 0 to 3.5 mass percent vanadium, 0 to 1.5 mass percent nickel, 0 to 0.15 mass percent sulfur, the remainder iron and unavoidable impurities. This steel preferably consists of 0.2 to 0.65 mass percent carbon, 0.2 to 0.65 mass percent carbon, 0 to 2.5 mass percent silicon, 0 to 2 mass percent manganese, 0 to 12 mass percent chromium, 0 to 5 mass percent molybdenum, 0 to 3.5 mass percent vanadium, 0 to 1.5 mass percent nickel, 0 to 0.15 mass percent sulfur, the remainder being iron and unavoidable impurities. Particularly preferred are the standardized compositions 1.2343, 1.2311, and 1.2343, which fall within this composition range.2312 (material numbers according to DIN EN 10027-2:2015-07, July 2015, i.e. each in mass percent based on the total composition for “1.2343”: 0.38 carbon, 1.1 silicon, 0.4 manganese, 5 chromium, 1.3 molybdenum, 0.4 vanadium; for “1.2311”: 0.4 carbon, 1.5 manganese, 1.9 chromium, 0.2 molybdenum; for “1.2312”: 0.4 carbon, 0.4 silicon, 1.5 manganese, 1.9 chromium, 0.2 molybdenum, 0.1 sulfur) of the steel.

[0027] Further advantages and benefits of the invention will become apparent from the following description of embodiments with reference to the accompanying figures.

[0028] From the figures show:

[0029] Fig. 1a: a schematic representation of a base body composite according to a first embodiment;

[0030] Fig. 1 b: a schematic representation in the area of ​​the interface of the

[0031] Basic body composite according to the first embodiment;

[0032] Fig. 2: a schematic representation in the area of ​​an interface of a

[0033] Base body composite according to a second embodiment;

[0034] Fig. 3: a schematic representation in the area of ​​an interface of a

[0035] Main body composite according to a second embodiment; Fig. 4: a schematic representation in the area of ​​the interface of the main body composite according to the first embodiment in the state before a groove was created;

[0036] Fig. 5: schematic representation in the area of ​​an interface of another

[0037] Base body composite before a groove was created.

[0038] Fig. 1 a shows a base body assembly 1 in a schematic perspective view, viewed perpendicular to a longitudinal axis 2, along which the base body assembly 1 extends axially. The base body assembly comprises a rear base body 3 and a front base body 4 that is additively constructed onto the rear base body 3.

[0039] The rear base body 3 is conventionally made of tempered steel and supports the front base body 4.

[0040] The front base body 4 is designed as an example as a milling tool head (other tool heads, in particular those not driven by rotation, for example those for grooving and / or turning, are also conceivable and possible) and has a plurality of insert seats 5 for mounting cutting elements not shown; the cutting elements can be reversibly and detachably fastened in the insert seats 5 by screws, in that the insert seats 5 each have threaded holes 6 for screwing in these screws; for the sake of clarity in the drawing, only one of the insert seats 5 and only one of the threaded holes 6 are provided with reference numerals in Fig. 1.

[0041] The front base body 4 further comprises a plurality of spatially curved coolant channels 7, each of which exits the front base body 4 above the insert seats 5 in order to supply the insert seats 5 and the adjacent areas, including those outside the front base body 4, with coolant; for the sake of clarity, only one of the coolant channels 7 is provided with a reference symbol in Fig. 1.

[0042] The front base body 4 is additively constructed from a maraging steel powder on the rear base body 3. The maraging steel powder was selectively melted layer by layer using a laser beam following a 3D model of the front base body 4, followed by solidification. The first layer of maraging steel powder thus applied is firmly bonded to the rear base body 3. Consequently, the base body composite has an interface 8 that, for example, extends perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 2.

[0043] Typically, the interface 8 represents a weak point of the base body composite 1, because the selective laser melting typically creates a penetration zone that extends from radially outside to radially inside into the rear base body 3 and into the front base body 4, starting from the interface 8; the penetration zone can therefore be assigned a thickness d, which is dimensioned parallel to the longitudinal axis 2, and a depth t, which is dimensioned perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 2, starting from the outer circumference of the front base body 4 and the rear base body 3.

[0044] Fig. 1 b shows in detail that the base body composite 1 has a groove 9 running circumferentially with respect to the longitudinal axis 2 at the interface 8, wherein the groove 9 extends on both sides of the interface 8 into the front base body 4 and the rear base body 3, whereby the depth t and the thickness d of the penetration zone are each reduced to zero in terms of amount, whereby the material of the front base body 4 and the rear base body 3 belonging to the penetration zone has been removed.In a light micrograph at 50x magnification of a longitudinal section of the composite base body 1 (the longitudinal section contains the longitudinal axis 2), the microstructure adjacent to the interface 8 appears identical on the front base body 4 side between its radially inner and radially outer edges on the outer circumference of the interface 8, because the composite base body 1 has the groove 9 at the interface 8, thus removing material from the front base body 4 adjacent to the cuts 8. The same applies to the microstructure adjacent to the interface 8 of the rear base body 3.

[0045] By providing the base body composite with the groove 9 at the interface 8, an originally sharp-edged transition from the rear base body 3 to the front base body 4 on the outer circumference was simultaneously removed.

[0046] As Fig. 1b shows, the groove 9 is rounded at a constant radius.

[0047] Fig. 2 shows, analogously to Fig. 1 b, an area at an interface 10 of a base body composite 11. The base body composite 11 comprises a rear base body 12 analogous to the rear base body 3 and a front base body 13 analogous to the front base body 4. The front base body 13 is additively constructed on the rear base body 12, wherein the base body composite 11 has a groove 14 at the interface 10 analogous to the interface 8. This groove 14 is designed to extend analogously to the groove 9, but is not rounded with a constant radius, but with a variable one. A burn-in zone was also removed by the groove 14.

[0048] Fig. 3 shows, analogously to Fig. 2, an area at an interface 15 of a base body composite 16. The base body composite 16 comprises a rear base body 17 analogous to the rear base body 12 and a front base body 18 analogous to the front base body 13. The front base body 18 is additively constructed on the rear base body 17, wherein the base body composite 16 has a groove 19 at the interface 15 analogous to the interface 10. The base body composite 16 differs from the base body composite 11 only in that the base body composite 16 has the circumferential groove 19 at the interface 15, which is not rounded but angular, thus having, for example, three obliquely ground chamfers 19a, 19b and 19c, wherein the chamfers 19a and 19b extend in the front base body 18 and the chamfer 19c extends in the rear base body 17.The groove 19 also removes the penetration zone described with regard to the base body composite 1 and reduces the notch effect in the area of ​​the interface 15.

[0049] Fig. 4, like Fig. 1b, shows the area of ​​the interface 8 of the composite base body 1, but in a state before material was removed from the front base body 4 and the rear base body 3, each adjacent to the interface 8, to create the groove 9. Accordingly, the transition from the rear base body 3 to the front base body 4 is sharp-edged and has a burn-in zone.

[0050] Fig. 5 shows, analogously to Fig. 4, the region of an interface 21 of a base body composite 20 in a state before material was removed from the front base body 23 and the rear base body 22, each adjacent to the interface 21, to create a circumferential groove. The base body composite 20 comprises a rear base body 22 analogous to the rear base body 3 and a front base body 23 analogous to the front base body 4. The front base body 23 is additively constructed on the rear base body 22 and, in contrast to the front base body 4, was additively constructed to form a bulge region 24.Due to the bulging area 24, the penetration zone is displaced radially further outwards, so that it can be removed during material removal (material is removed from the front base body 23 and the rear base body 22 on both sides of the interface 21) without the need to create a groove in order to achieve an outer dimension, i.e. outer diameter of the interface 8, which is the same as the interface 8 in the state with the groove 9.

[0051] The maraging steel from which the front base bodies 4, 13, 18, and 23 are made was precipitation-hardened in the additively built state at an age-hardening temperature lower than the tempering temperature of the tempering steel from which the rear base bodies 3, 12, 17, and 22 are made. This reduces thermal stresses in the area of ​​the interfaces 8, 10, 15, and 21.

[0052] The following method steps for producing the base body assemblies 1, 11, 16 and 20 are shown: a) Providing a rear base body, for example the rear base bodies 3, 12, 17 and 22, b) Additively building up the front base body, for example the front base bodies 4, 13, 18 and 23, on the rear base body, for example the rear base bodies 3, 12, 17 and 22.

[0053] The base body assemblies 1, 11 and 16 disclose an additional method step c), namely c) removal of material from the front base body 4, 13, 18 and the rear base body 3, 12, 17, each adjacent to the interface 8, 10, 15 formed between the front base body 4, 13, 18 and the rear base body 3, 12, 17 in step b).

[0054] It is conceivable and also possible that precipitation hardening of the front base body 4, 13, 18 and 23 is carried out between step b) and c) or after step c).

[0055] It is also conceivable and possible that the rear base body 3, 12, 17 and 22 is heated during step b).

[0056] The present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. Other steel grades can also be used for the rear base bodies 3, 12, and 17 and for the front base bodies 4, 13, and 18. The front base bodies 4, 13, and 18 can also be additively constructed using an additive manufacturing process other than selective laser melting. The front base bodies 4, 13, and 18 can also be designed for a machining application other than milling.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. A method for producing a base body composite (1, 11, 16) for a cutting tool, comprising the method steps: a) providing a rear base body (3, 12, 17), b) additively building up a front base body (4, 13, 18) on the rear base body (3, 12, 17), c) removing material from the front base body (4, 13, 18) and the rear base body (3, 12, 17) in each case adjacent to an interface (8, 10, 15) formed between the front base body (4, 13, 18) and the rear base body (3, 12, 17) in step b).

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step c) the removal of material is carried out mechanically.

3. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in step c) a groove (9, 14, 19) extending on both sides of the interface (8, 10, 15) is produced.

4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the front base body (4, 13, 18) is additively constructed in step b) by selectively melting a steel powder.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the steel powder is a maraging steel powder.

6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the rear base body is manufactured conventionally.

7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in step b) the front base body (4, 13, 18) is additively constructed to form a coolant channel (7) which is spatially curved at least in sections.

8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in step b) the front base body (4, 13, 18) is additively constructed to form at least one insert seat (6) for mounting a cutting element.

9. A base body assembly (1, 11, 16) for a cutting tool, comprising a rear base body (3, 12, 17) and a front base body (4, 13, 18) which is additionally constructed onto the rear base body, wherein the base body assembly (1, 11, 16) has a circumferential groove (9, 14, 19) at an interface (8, 10, 15) between the rear base body (3, 12, 17) and the front base body (4, 13, 18), wherein the groove (9, 14, 19) is designed to extend on both sides of the interface (8, 10, 15).

10. Base body composite (1, 11, 16) according to claim 9, wherein the groove (9, 14, 19) is rounded.

11. Base body composite (1, 11, 16) according to one of claims 9 or 10, wherein the front base body (4, 13, 18) is made of a maraging steel.

12. Base body assembly (1, 11, 16) according to one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the front base body (4, 13, 18) has a coolant channel (7) which is spatially curved at least in sections.

13. Base body assembly (1, 11, 16) according to one of claims 9 to 12, wherein the front base body (4, 13, 18) has at least one insert seat (5) for mounting a cutting element.

14. Base body composite (1, 11, 16) according to one of claims 9 to 13, wherein the rear base body (3, 12, 17) and the front base body (4, 13, 18) are made of different types of steel.

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