A method for the reduction of ammonia emissions in livestock and poultry farming

Abstract

The invention is related to a method for the reduction of ammonia emission in livestock and poultry farming. In the method according to the invention, a mineral composition comprising at least one crushed igneous rock with particle diameter ranging from 1 to 100 μm, in the amount of 1 to 99 % by weight, and expanded perlite and / or expanded vermiculite with particle diameter ranging from 1 to 100 μm, in the amount of 1 to 99 % by weight is applied to the surface occupied by livestock, while livestock and poultry are provided with molecular water produced in a generator mounted at the end of the supply line. The mineral composition containing igneous rock is added to litter in ground form or in the form of pellets with particle diameter of 0.2 mm to 9 mm.

Description

[0001] A method for the reduction of ammonia emission in livestock and poultry farming

[0002] The invention is related to a method for the reduction of ammonia e mission in livestock and poultry farming.

[0003] Decomposition of waste excreted by animals and feed residues in livestock facilities produces, among other things, ammonia, which has a harmful effect on livestock, and the environment. The effect begins with acute irritation of the con- junctiva and mucous membranes of the respiratory system, resulting in inflamma- tion of the respiratory tract and, at higher concentrations, pulmonary edema, hem- orrhages in the trachea and bronchi. Ammonia concentration levels around live- stock should not exceed 20 ppm. Higher values can cause irritation of the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity, larynx, trachea and bronchi, as well as conjunctivitis. Prolonged exposure of animal body to this gas can lead to anemia, decreased im- munity, and even body poisoning. Therefore, it is important to remove animal waste regularly, as it is are a source of ammonia release, and take measures to re- duce the release of ammonia gas. Inadequate humidity in livestock facilities also promotes respiratory diseases. Livestock kept in facilities with high ammonia con- centration are more prone to disease, feed utilization is worse, which leads to lower production results. Agriculture has the largest share in ammonia emission. The main producer of ammonia is the livestock sector. To provide effective environmental protection, it is crucial to limit and reduce ammonia emission in livestock farming, and ensure livestock welfare.

[0004] The need to reduce ammonia production by livestock and limit its emission to the environment arises not only from toxicological and environmental reasons, but also legal ones which define permissible concentrations of ammonia in natural, work and livestock environment. Ammonia, released from livestock facilities to the atmosphere, undergoes chemical transformations, the products of which, in the form of dry or wet precipitation, contribute to the acidification of the environment, causing negative changes in natural ecosystems.

[0005] In livestock farming, the most common livestock housing system is the litter system. A good litter material should be characterized by, among other things, low thermal conductivity and high heat capacity. It should also have high water absorp- tion and the ability to evaporate water, because wet litter is cold, it hardens quickly and negatively affects livestock and microclimate in the facility. Good litter quality is very important because birds have direct contact with it throughout the production cycle.

[0006] The most commonly used litter materials are straw and shavings, however, it is more and more difficult to obtain shavings due to periodic shortages thereof and a growing price. Since straw does not have the best water-absorbing and gas- absorbing capacity, various types of additives are added to straw litter to improve its quality. Methods of reducing ammonia emissions are known, among others, from a book edited by Roman Kotacz, entitled: Standardy higieniczne, dobrostan zwierzqt oraz ochrona srodowiska w produkcji zwierzqcej w swietle przepisow UE [Hygiene standards, animal welfare and environmental protection in livestock production in the light of EU regulations], published by the Foundation for Agricultural Education, Consulting and Spatial Management "FUNDAR", Wroclaw 2000. According to infor- mation provided in Chapter 4 of this book, written by Zbigniew Dobrzanski, and en- titled Methods of reducing ammonia emission from livestock farms, methods of reducing ammonia emissions from livestock facilities and farms can be generally divided into nutritional, technical and zoohygienic. In feeding methods, the compo- sition of feeds and methods of feeding livestock are selected to reduce nitrogen release with waste. In technical methods, a partial inhibition of the formation of ammonia in the litter and reduction of its emission from buildings to the environ- ment can be obtained by using ultraviolet radiation, negative air ionization, special mechanical ventilation or floor heating. The use of zoohygienic methods significant- ly increases the cost of livestock farming, and some of them are not recommended for use in the presence of livestock. The aim of zoohygienic methods is to keep the litter relatively dry by using various additives.

[0007] Mineral additives, mainly aluminosilicates and humins, are primarily used to neutralize ammonia in animal facilities, while at the same time improving the sorp- tive properties of the litter. They can also improve the fertilizing value of the ob- tained manure. The effect of some aluminosilicates, for example zeolites, is not permanent, therefore it is recommended to apply them frequently in smalle r doses. The additives are not toxic and can be used in the presence of livestock, but their frequent application disturbs its peace.

[0008] One of the ways to reduce ammonia emission from litter to the air is to use preparations containing saponins obtained from the Yucca sehidigera mohavensis plant. Yucca extract contains a strong agent that inhibits the urease enzyme pro- duced by the bacterial microflora of the digestive tract of birds. Urea decomposition is inhibited, and as a result, ammonia emission is reduced. Research shows that the concentration of ammonia in the litter is then reduced several times and livestock health and production results improve. Another method aimed at reducing ammo- nia emission involves adding small amounts of preparations containing freeze-dried non-pathogenic microorganisms to the litter which inhibit the growth of pathogenic and ammonifying microorganisms. These biopreparations also reduce putrefactive fermentation processes and decrease the production of odors from litter, thus im- proving microclimate in the facilities.

[0009] European Community countries follow EU Directive No. 2007 / 43 EC which regulates the minimum conditions that must be observed by producers to protect poultry bred for meat production. These regulations set the acceptable limits for ammonia content at the level of 20 ppm measured at the level of chickens' heads. The concentration of this gas must be controlled and reduced, not only due to emis- sion to the atmosphere, but also for reasons related to the well-being and condition of the birds. Ventilation of poultry houses does not eliminate the causes of ammo- nia formation, it only transmits it to the environment. That is why methods and substances reducing the release of ammonia to the environment are so important.

[0010] There are numerous preparations on the market that work mostly through nitrogen fixation by increasing microbial activity in animal waste. Despite positive results of experimental research, the use of additives in farming practice encounters a lot of resistance mainly due to high costs of application in relation to the benefits expected by producers.

[0011] British patent description GB2353198 discloses wood based beddi ng. The bedding comprises condensed natural wood fibers having a bulk density of a bout 20 lbs / ft3or greater at a moisture content of about 15 % by weight or less, and each particle of the wood fibers having a particle size of less than about 3 / 16 of an inch. The wood based product can be used as physical bedding for poultry in full cycle large-scale poultry production as it absorbs moisture and ammonia.

[0012] American patent description US4263873 discloses litter for small domestic animals which comprises a paper material that contains a pheromone-like attract- ant substance which makes the litter attractive to animals seeking a place to defe- cate and / or urinate. The paper material is pelletized to give the litter a consistency comparable to that of fine gravel, and density of the pellets is such that they retain their structural integrity on hydration. An acid salt added to the litter neutralizes animal urine and ammonia-like compounds formed from it.

[0013] Belgian patent description BE1008986 discloses a compact cat litter resem- bling fine gravel, consisting of various substances of plant origin such as straw, ce- real husks, cocoa bean shells, paper, cardboard, etc. and additives such as deodor- izers and disinfectants. Thanks to its compactness, the litter has a high capacity for absorbing liquids and odors.

[0014] Litter materials known from patent descriptions are mainly used as bedding for small domestic animals. They have not been used in large herd animal farms for economic reasons, and besides, they are hard to find on the market in sufficient quantities.

[0015] Polish patent application PL 404796 discloses a clumping animal litter and a method of its production, in form of pellets from corn grain hulls with the addition of bentonite, and aromatic essential oil.

[0016] Polish patent application PL 411991 discloses a method of producing ecolog- ical litter pellets from oil flax straw, wherein flax straw is dried to reach a moisture content of 12-15%, straw layers are then repeatedly broken and cleaned, next the shredded pulp undergoes fiber recovery and desanding to reach purity level of 95%, and are then moved to a buffer tank, moistened, heated and pelletized by pressing.

[0017] Also known from Polish patent application PL 412161 is an odor-neutralizing litter, a miscanthus giant odor-control component - litter with an extended shelf life, absorbing harmful substances and odor, characterized by very good absorption (ab- sorbability) of chemical compounds and moisture, with a chemical substance that neutralizes and prevents the release of disagreeable odor from animal waste. Polish patent description PL 184992 describes a composition for treating poultry litter and a method for treating poultry litter in order to reduce the negative effects of coccidiosis in poultry.

[0018] Polish patent description PL 216027 discloses an animal litter composition, a set and a method for producing the composition, containing silica gel, an absorbent material and other items related to the litter. Novel compositions can be character- ized as absorbing moisture and undesirable odors. The composition includes, among others, silica gel, clay, absorbent material selected from a group consisting of smectite, attapulgite, kaolin, opaque milky clay and combinations thereof, calci- um montmorillonite or sodium bentonite, fragrances in the form of perfumes or a fragrance oil.

[0019] Polish patent description PL 217467 discloses litter material for use in poultry facilities containing at least cereal straw, characterized in that it contains cellulose produced from recycled paper in the amount of at least 0.25 kg of cellulose per square meter of the floor. The description also discloses other methods of reducing ammonia emission. In nutritional methods, the composition of feeds and methods of feeding farm animals are selected to reduce nitrogen release with animal waste. In technical methods, partial inhibition of the formation of ammonia in the litter and reduction of its emission from buildings to the environment can be obtained by using ultraviolet radiation, negative air ionization, special mechanical ventilation or floor heating. The use of technical methods significantly increases the cost of livestock farming, and additionally some methods are not recommended for use in the presence of livestock. The objective of zoohygienic methods is to keep the litter relatively dry by applying various additives.

[0020] Polish patent description PL236993 discloses a litter composition intended especially for poultry farming, the composition of which is based on natural components, and which reduces ammonia emission to atmosphere, improves poultry living conditions, and is biodegradable. The litter according to the invention is a composition consisting of shredded cereal straw, hydrochloric acid salt with humectant properties in the form of anhydrous calcium chloride CaCI 2, with molecular weight of 110.98, which forms ammonates (CaCI28NH3) with ammonia, permanently binds ammonia in the litter, dries and complexes metals, including ammonium cation which behaves similarly to metal cations, whose dissolution in water is accompanied by the release of heat, the litter has the form of pellets. In another variant, the composition consists of cereal straw, hydrochloric acid salt in the form of anhydrous calcium chloride CaCI2 with molecular weight of 110.98 and material of animal origin in the form of aseptic crushed egg shells. In yet another variant, the composition consists of shredded cereal straw and material of animal origin in the form of aseptic, crushed egg shells with amniotic membrane. The addition of egg shells makes the litter gas-penetrable as thousands of porous channels in the shells over the entire surface are involved in gas exchange. Poultry litter reducing ammonia emission, according to the invention, consists of cereal straw in the amount of 95-99.5% (by weight), with a fraction of 0.1-30 mm, and moisture of 8-10%, with the addition of anhydrous calcium chloride CaCl2, with molecular weight of 110.98, in the amount of 0.5% - 5.0% (by weight), with the ingredients mixed to a homogeneous mixture.

[0021] American patent application US2022411294 Al discloses a method for re- ducing emission of ammonia from a livestock housing. The method comprises apply- ing a composition comprising calcium salts and magnesium salts that restra ins am- monia volatilization onto freshly excreted manure by an animal in a livestock hous- ing. Because the compound is deposited onto freshly excreted manure, ammonia volatilization is tackled at the source, rather than at a later moment, e.g. in a ma- nure pit, when contact of faeces and urine, and therefore the conversion of urea to ammonia under the influence of urease has already led to volatilization of ammonia.

[0022] American patent application US2004040516 (Al) discloses a method for reducing emission of ammonia from animal manure, a plant for performing the method and a use of such plant. The method comprises adding to the manure of both an acid compound such as sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and of oxygen (O2). The acid compound results in the pH value dropping to below 7.0 whereby the emission of ammonia is substantially limited. Oxygen results in a very high activity of bacteria transforming organic nitrogen compounds into inorganic compounds that plants can assimilate when manure is spread in fields. Surprisingly, it has also been found that the addition of oxygen and the resulting increased activity of bacteria leads to a reduction in the amount of the acid compound that needs to be added and results in the reduction or even elimination of the risk of hydrogen sulphide (H2S), being formed. German patent application DE19714588 (Al) in turn discloses a method of reducing ammonia emission from liquid manure by using an additive with a high fraction of readily degradable organic substances and reducing the pH of the ma- nure by incomplete oxidation of the organic substances by microorganisms.

[0023] Dutch patent application NL9300228 (A) discloses an invention related to a method and apparatus for reducing emission of substances such as ammonia from livestock accommodation (cowsheds), wherein a salt layer precipitated on a floor of the accommodation is removed, preferably periodically. This removal advantageous- ly takes place by the floor of the accommodation being treated with a solution of an acid. Optionally, the residues of the acid solution and / or salt layer are rinsed away using a flush liquid, with the option of collecting these residues and the flush liquid in a tank. The pH of the acid solution is less than three, preferably less than one. Optionally, removal of the salt layer takes place as a function of the urease activity measured. The floor of the accommodation (shed) is preferably acid- resistant.

[0024] Chinese utility model CN217608824 (U) discloses a hog house automatic ammonia discharge mechanism of a hog house environment monitoring system, which comprises a wall body, inner wall of the wall body is fixedly connected with a cross-shaped reinforcing plate, the left side surface of the wall body is fixedly con- nected with a sliding rail, the inside of the sliding rail is slidably connected with a sliding block, the right side surface of the sliding block is fixedly connected with a mounting plate, and the mounting plate is fixedly connected with the cross-shaped reinforcing plate. A motor is fixedly mounted on the right side face of the mounting plate, the output end of the motor is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft, the right side face of the mounting plate is rotationally connected with a rotat ing rod, the outer surface of the rotating rod is fixedly connected with a gear, two sliding seats are fixedly connected to the lower surface of the cross-shaped reinforcing plate, and a sliding plate is slidably connected between the two sliding seats. A toothed plate is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the sliding plate, an ex- haust hole is formed in the right side face of the wall body, the right side face of the exhaust hole communicates with an exhaust pipe, a water tank is fixedly connected to the right side face of the wall body, and through the arrangement of a series of structures, the device can achieve a very good ammonia gas emission treatment effect.

[0025] Also a Chinese utility model CN214339268 (U) discloses a system for reducing ammonia emission by using underground water, which comprises a manure pit cooling system used for absorbing manure energy through the underground water, a water pump system used for pumping the underground water to the manure pit cooling system and a pipeline system used for conveying the underground water, and the pipeline system is communicated with the manure pit cooling system and the water pump system. Through the water pump system, by means of the perennial stable temperature of 5-10°C of underground water, heat in excrement and urine is taken away when low-temperature water passes through the excrement and urine basin with a pipeline or a cavity, the temperature of the excrement and urine is reduced, and therefore emission of odor (ammonia gas) in pig excrement and urine is reduced, meanwhile, the underground water absorbing heat can be directly used for wet curtains and deodorization water in summer, and the environment is protected, or recycling after being cooled by the cooling tower in winter.

[0026] Chinese utility model CN210206368 (U) discloses an ammonia gas emission reduction device for a hog house. The ammonia gas emission reduction device com- prises a rack arranged at the negative pressure ventilation end of the hog house. The wall surface of the hog house, the ground and the rack are separated into an accommodating cavity, and ammonia gas in the hog house is pumped into the ac- commodating cavity by a negative pressure ventilator of the hog house; the rack is covered with a filter screen; a plurality of atomizing pipelines are arranged in the containing cavity, and a plurality of atomizing nozzles are arranged on the atomizing pipelines in the length direction of the atomizing pipelines; the ammonia gas emis- sion reduction device is further provided with an atomization liquid pool, a water pump is arranged in the atomization liquid pool, a water supply pipe is further ar- ranged between the water pump and the atomization pipeline, and the water pump is used for pumping water in the atomization liquid pool into the atomization pipe- line and then spraying the water into the containing cavity through the atomization nozzle. Air pumped out of the hog house by the negative-pressure ventilator is de- celerated in the containing cavity, ammonia gas in the air makes full contact with atomized water molecules released by the atomizing spray heads and is dissolved in water, then the ammonia gas falls into the atomized liquid pool and is collected by the atomized liquid collecting pool to be nearby used for crop irrigation, and there- fore emission reduction of the ammonia gas in the closed negative-pressure ventila- tion hog house is achieved, and cost is low.

[0027] Chinese utility model CN210114961 (U) discloses a device for efficiently ab- sorbing ammonia gas in waste gas in a livestock and poultry breeding house, which comprises filter wall combined equipment which comprises a frame, a gas distribu- tion plate and a wet curtain, and the gas distribution plate and the wet curtain are mounted in the frame; gas distribution holes are formed in the gas distribution plate; a spraying pipe provided with a plurality of spraying holes is arranged right above the wet curtain; the water pipe is respectively connected with the spraying pipe and the atomizing pipe; the atomizing pipe is arranged between the gas distri- bution plate and the wet curtain; the water pump is connected with the lower end of the water pipe, the lower end of the water pump is immersed in ammonia ab- sorption liquid in the liquid storage tank, the support is arranged below the frame, and the ceiling is arranged above the filter wall combined equipment. The device provided by the utility model can be used for fully and efficiently absorbing ammo- nia gas in waste gas, so that the emission of harmful gas is greatly reduced, the air is purified, the environment is protected, and the environmental conditions in the livestock and poultry breeding house are also improved.

[0028] Dutch patent application NL9101327 (A) discloses a method to reduce the emission of ammonia from manure in animal accommodation and / or when stored, by admixing the manure with at least one ammonia- binding agent. Prior to the ad- mixture, the manure is preferably separated into a thick fraction and a thin fraction, and the ammonia-binding agent is added to the thin fraction to obtain a flushing fluid. The flushing fluid obtained can be used, for example, for flushing manure out of animal accommodation or for collecting therein the manure produced in the an- imal accommodation. The ammonia-binding agent is preferably formaldehyde.

[0029] American patent application US2014144384 (Al) discloses an apparatus for applying a chemical, such as an ammonia control chemical, in an animal house. The apparatus includes spreading apparatus adapted to be installed at an elevated posi- tion in the animal house and adapted for spreading the chemical onto the floor in the house. The apparatus also includes feeding apparatus adapted for feeding the chemical from a supply to the spreading apparatus. A method of controlling ammo- nia emissions from an animal agriculture operation includes applying an ammonia control chemical during both the early part and the late part of the grow out of the animals so that the chemical contacts ammonia from animal waste and reduces or prevents its emission into the air.

[0030] Magma is a silicate melt formed in the interior of the Earth, where it undergoes various processes, including the crystallization of all minerals. The size of crystals in the rock depends on the rate of magma solidification. Slow cooling and solidification of lava promotes advanced crystallization of minerals and has a large impact on the form and size of crystals and their anisotropic properties. In turn, fast and sudden cooling of volcanic lava causes it to rapidly solidify into a supercooled, non-crystalline, solid liquid called volcanic glass. When magma rises to the Earth's surface, it is called volcanic lava. Rocks formed from lava rising from the interior of the Earth to its surface differ in internal and crystalline structure from rocks crystallizing in the interior of the Earth.

[0031] Quickly solidified volcanic rocks have the form of glaze, otherwise known as volcanic glass. An example of such rocks is perlite.

[0032] Minerals of extrusive igneous rocks have a diverse and rich chemical composition, widely-changing pH - ranging from ultra-alkaline, through alkaline, neutral to acidic, which allows the use of extrusive rocks to regulate the pH of the soil, igneous rocks crushed to clay forms, with grain size in the micron range, have water, vapor and gas sorption properties, and when applied to the soil, they are not leached into groundwater but fertilize soil, facilitate even growth of plants, thus influencing the quality and quantity of crops, stimulate growth of aerobic microorganisms in the soil - while inhibiting growth of anaerobic microorganisms, make plants resistant to biotic and abiotic stress, and allow to reduce the amount of pesticides and fungicides used, sorption properties of minerals can be used for ammonia absorption.

[0033] Extrusive igneous rocks formed after the outpouring of lava can undergo various processes, such as, for example, weathering in atmospheric conditions, resulting in the formation of sedimentary rocks, or metamorphism (transformation) - as a result of which metamorphic rocks are formed.

[0034] An example of such rocks is vermiculite.

[0035] Volcanic tuff, on the other hand, is a type of light, porous pyroclastic rock. The binders of these rocks include silicates, carbonates and glaze. They have a rich mineral composition, including about 40 macroelements, microelements and trace elements. They are porous and very light, with density at the level of 1.6 g / cm3. These rocks were formed by cementing lava with a clay binder. Volcanic tuff has a high capacity to adsorb liquid and gaseous substances and absorb odors, and a high capacity to absorb ammonia and other gases from manure, slurry and liquid manure.

[0036] There are known natural minerals which, subjected to the process of fine crushing to clay forms, with grain size of 1 - 100 microns, have sorption properties and demonstrate the capability to absorb various substances in the amount of to 100 - 300% of their own weight.

[0037] The minerals include volcanic rock minerals. These include basalts, granites, syenites, gneisses, granites, amphibolites, and volcanic tuffs. All rocks contain a lot of silicates, which have special sorption properties.

[0038] In natural conditions, these minerals, both in deposits, as well as minerals extracted from these deposits in the form of rock material, do not demonstrate the aforementioned sorption properties and have very low water solubility. However, after powdering to grain size of 1 to 100 microns, the obtained fine powder, thanks to the crushing of particles, has a developed specific surface area and demonstrates increased solubility as compared to the initial solubility of the mineral before it was crushed.

[0039] Natural minerals in the form of volcanic rocks, after being subjected to a process of fine crushing to particles with average grain size ranging from 1 - 100 microns - to the clayey form - micron particles with a lamellar-crystalline structure, also acquire liquid sorption properties, which they absorb to varying degree of saturation. Volcanic rocks are minerals that are sparingly soluble in water. The solubility of mineral components of these rocks is negligible and depends strictly on the interaction surface of crystals of minerals and water as a solvent; solubility strictly depends on the degree of fineness, which is measured by the specific surface area of the crushed material. Fine crushing of volcanic rocks to grain size from 1 to 100 microns causes a significant increase in their specific surface area i.e. the extension of the surface involved in the dissolution of components sparingly soluble in water, which directly affects the amount of components sparingly soluble in water that are dissolved and washed out. Mineral components washed out from volcanic rocks have a positive effect on both plants after getting into the soil or water, and animals if crushed minerals are supplied to where they are bred.

[0040] Vermiculite and perlite are a different type of rocks.

[0041] Vermiculite is a metamorphic rock from the hydramic group, formed during the weathering of biotite and phlogopite, some chlorites and other magnesium- containing silicates. It is an ecologically clean brown, yellow-brown or gold-yellow mineral. Density of the mineral ranges from 2.4 to 2.7 g / cm3.

[0042] Chemical composition of vermiculite, percentage share:

[0043] SiO2- 35.0% - 41.0%

[0044] MgO - 14.5% - 20.5% AI2O3- 6.0% - 12.5%

[0045] Fe2O3- 6.0% - 9.5%

[0046] K2O - 3.0% - 6.0%

[0047] P2O5- 0.2% - 2.0%

[0048] CaO - 1.0% - 4.0%

[0049] Mn2O3- 0.05% - 0.08%

[0050] TiO2- 0.6% - 1.4%

[0051] Cr2O3- 0.01% - 0.15%

[0052] Cl - 0.1% - 0.5%

[0053] CO2- 0.6% - 2.5%

[0054] F - 0.1% - 0.5%

[0055] Vermiculite demonstrates high moisture storage capacity and therefore it is readily used in gardening. It is added to substrates grafted with mycorrhizal biopreparations. Additionally, even in an unprocessed form, it improves water-air relations and is a carrier of cations.

[0056] Perlite is a rock of volcanic origin, otherwise known as volcanic glass. Obsidian is its variety. Chemically, it is an aluminosilicate. Perlite is formed when a volcano erupts under water and, during the eruption, water molecules enter the hot outpouring lava and get locked in rock particles (occlusion). Hence, the natural saturation of perlite with water ranges from 2% - 5% by weight.

[0057] Being a crushed ore, perlite has the following properties: it is a non- flammable and chemically inert mineral, it is non-hygroscopic - resistant to water and moisture, it has a low level of heat conduction, it demonstrates high resistance to a wide range of temperature fluctuations, and has a high resistance to pat hiogenic microorganisms - / algae, fungi / and plant pests.

[0058] Chemical composition of perlite - percentage share:

[0059] - SiO2- 65.0% - 73.0%

[0060] - AI2O3- 10.0% - 14.0%

[0061] - K2O - 3.9% - 4.9%

[0062] - Na2O3- 2.0% - 3.4%

[0063] - CaO - 2.0% - 6.0%

[0064] - Fe2O3- 0.8% - 2.0%

[0065] - MgO - 0.3% - 0.5%

[0066] - TiO2- 0.06% - 0.08%

[0067] Obsidian (isophire) is a type of perlite. It is an acidic extrusive rock, composed almost exclusively of volcanic glaze, containing up to 1% of water by weight. Natural glass is created as a result of rapid cooling of magma (lava). The chemical composition (mainly silicon dioxide), is related to the type of lava and includes many forms, from rhyolite obsidian to phonolite obsidian. It recrystallises, taking on the appearance of an ordinary, fine-grained rock.

[0068] Perlite and vermiculite, subjected to high temperature, usually in the range of 850-1000 °C, undergo transformation of the microcrystalline structure and volu- metric expansion. Due to the package structure, particles of finely crushed perlite and vermiculite give off the accumulated interlaminar molecular water during roast- ing and increase their volume approx. 15 - 30 times. Under such conditions, the rocks soften, and the water escaping from them causes the material to loosen and expand. As a result, rock density decreases, in the case of perlite from 1000-1200 kg / m3to 30-150 kg / m3. The roasted material is stiff and porous at the same time, and has a low thermal conductivity ranging from 0.045 to 0.065 W m'1K'1. After the expanding operation described above, perlite and vermiculite are called expanded perlite and expanded vermiculite. Expanded perlite itself is widely used as a homo- geneous substrate for growing plants, and as a component of such substrates in combination with peat. Thanks to its high porosity, it provides the right amount of air in the root zone. Substrates with perlite are chemically and biologically inert. They are used in rooting plants and in hydroponic cultivation.

[0069] Perlite and vermiculite, subjected to expansion acquire sorption properties due to the package structure that forms after the said treatment and after evaporation of the absorbed and occluded water molecules, acquire sorptive properties and become absorbent materials - sorbents, acquiring a layered sandwich structure, the interlayer space of which has the ability to absorb chemical molecules, such as water or ammonia.

[0070] Sorptive properties of vermiculite and perlite increase with the increase in their degree of fineness. Crushed to particle size in the range of 1 - 100 microns, they demonstrate an absorption level in the range of 300 to 500% by weight.

[0071] Minerals contained in perlite and vermiculite in the oxide form are easily absorbed by plants.

[0072] Expanded perlite and expanded vermiculite are characterized by the ability to receive and release water, low density, fire-resisting properties, ability to exchange cations (ion exchange properties), natural moisture content in the range of 1% - 2%, and high water and ammonia absorption capacity.

[0073] Water, called the carrier of life, is a common solvent of body compounds and an essential food supplement for all known organisms. It is involved in most metabolic reactions, is a means of intraorganic transport, e.g. of metabolic prod- ucts, nutrients, hormones and enzymes. Water regulates the temperature of living organisms, enables metabolism, i.e. the occurrence of all reactions that lead to the use of energy and nutrients from food and sustain life processes. It is a fluid envi- ronment necessary to remove the end products of metabolism.

[0074] Chemically, water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen - hydrogen oxide H2O. Water molecules are non-linear, and the H-0 bonds are highly polarized, and hence water has a permanent dipole moment - i.e. it is highly polar. Angle be- tween hydrogen-oxygen-hydrogen (H— 0— H) bonds in the liquid phase is approxi- mately 105°. In the solid form (ice), the angle between these bonds is approximately 108°.

[0075] In three dimensions of the spatial system, a water molecule has the shape of a tetrahedron with an oxygen atom in the center and hydrogen atoms and free electron pairs at the vertices. Due to the electronegativity difference of hydrogen and oxygen, the H - 0 bond is clearly polarized and the whole molecule is polar; it is also a dipole. Essentially, a water molecule is electrically neutral because it has as many positive (+) as negative (-) charges, but the charges are distributed unevenly. Two poles formed: positive on the right (more positive charges) and negative on the left (more negative charges).

[0076] In the liquid phase, hydrogen bonds between water molecules are constant- ly formed and broken. Being a polar compound, water is easily protonated and deprotonated in the presence of acids, creating positive hydronium ion H3O+which also bonds with hydrogen bonds, forming the Zundela cation H5O2+, Eigen cati- on H9O4+and larger agglomerates. In the crystalline structure, hydrogen bonds are not broken and determine the hexagonal crystallographic structure of water.

[0077] Substances of similar structure can dissolve in each other. Therefore, sub- stances with a polar structure dissolve in water. Thanks to the presence of a positive and a negative pole in the molecule, water molecules have the ability to associate, meaning they can bond together individual molecules into larger groups. Examples of such molecular arrangements include snowflakes.

[0078] Water, electrically composed of a vast number of dipoles - polar molecules, having a negative and positive charge and interacting with each other, is influenced by external electromagnetic forces, fields with varying degrees of intensity and de- rived from other chemical compounds, also having molecules In the form of dipolar molecules. In normal conditions, water molecules are arranged in space statistically and to a limited extent orderly. However, when water is subjected to the influence of an electromagnetic field, water dipoles align themselves in accordance with th e direc- tion of the forces exerted by the field. This results in a tighter packing of water mol- ecules - water dipoles, which leads to more favorable interactions with living organ- isms and the processes taking place within them. Water subjected to external forc- es, mainly an external electromagnetic field, possibly supported by ultrasounds and high-energy light, acquires special, more favorable properties, has a stronger impact on life processes and the condition of living organisms and is called molecular water (or quantum water). The beneficial effect of molecular water on living organisms, including mammals, applies also to livestock.

[0079] There are many known methods and devices for obtaining molecular water.

[0080] Chinese utility model CN217732889 U discloses a novel quantum water treatment device which comprises a barrel, a water inlet end cover and a water outlet end cover, the water inlet end cover and the water outlet end cover are respectively connected to two ends of the barrel through bolts. The other end of the water inlet end cover is connected with a water inlet pipe, a first magnetizing device is installed in the water inlet end cover, and the other end of the water outlet end cover is connected with a water outlet pipe. A second magnetizing device is mounted in the water outlet end cover. A quantum water treater is mounted in the middle of the inner wall of the barrel. Supports are mounted on two sides of the middle in the barrel, a column is mounted between the supports. A plurality of groups of dispersing blades are horizontally and uniformly mounted outside the column. The novel quantum water treatment device offers numerous benefits, not only can the magnetization time be prolonged by utilizing the dispersing blades, but also hydrogen is generated by water reacting with magnesium, and hydrogen-rich water is generated. The dispersing blades and the magnesium screen plate can be detached easily, so that they are convenient to replace.

[0081] Chinese patent application no. CN114590867 A discloses a quantum activa- tion water purification system which comprises a strip shaped quantum activation pool with a trapezoidal cross section, a water inlet is formed in one end of the quan- tum activation pool and a water outlet is formed in the other end of the q uantum activation pool. Emitter units are uniformly laid on the first side wall and the second side wall of the quantum activation pool. The emitter units are water treatment materials with functions of storing and emitting light quantum energy waves. Light quantum co-frequency resonance equipment is uniformly arranged in the middle of the quantum activation pool in the left-right direction along the quantum activation pool. A first laser transmitter and a second laser transmitter are arranged in the light quantum co-frequency resonance equipment; and the first laser transmitter faces a first side wall of the quantum activation pool; and the second laser transmitter faces the second side wall of the quantum activation pool. Quantum activation treatment can be efficiently carried out on sewage, and the cost is low. The invention further provides light quantum same-frequency resonance equipment for the quantum ac- tivation water purification system.

[0082] Chinese utility model CN216129351 U discloses a quantum ring water treat- er. which comprises a first semi-ring and a second semi-ring. The rings are respec- tively connected with a purified water pipe through a first mounting ring and the second mounting ring. The first mounting ring and the second mounting ring are wrapped on the outer wall of the purified water pipe during mounting. The two ends of the second mounting ring are inserted into the mounting grooves in the two ends of the first mounting ring. Then the first mounting ring and the second mount- ing ring are locked through the locking device, so that the first semi-ring and the second semi-ring are connected with the purification water pipe. The main ad- vantages of the quantum ring water treater include a simple installation process and convenient operation. During assembly, only the locking rods need to be pulled outwards to be separated from the gears in the positioning holes or the positioning grooves. Then the first installation ring and the second installation ring are separat- ed, disassembly and assembly through tools are not needed. This design meets us- ers' requirements for easy maintenance and use. The ring quantum water purifica- tion device provides a practical and usable solution for water purification equip- ment, which makes water purification process more efficient and accessible.

[0083] Chinese utility model CN214693407 (U) discloses a co-frequency resonance and low-frequency vibration water activating instrument which comprises a bottle body, a bottle cap is arranged at the top of the bottle body, and a mounting frame used for placing a water activating device is arranged in the bottle cap. Th e water activation device comprises a mineral box, a plurality of groups of mineral material accommodating grooves and first quantum chip accommodating grooves are formed in the mounting frame. Each group of mineral material accomm odating grooves comprises two symmetrical first accommodating grooves, and the mineral box is arranged in the first accommodating grooves. A plurality of groups of elec- tromagnets are arranged on the circumference of the outer side of the mineral box, and a plurality of blind holes for mounting electromagnetic sheets are formed on the circumference of the upper end and the lower end of the outer wall of the min- eral box in a staggered manner. Each group of first quantum chip accommodating grooves comprises two symmetrical second accommodating grooves, and first quan- tum chips are placed in the second accommodating grooves. Through co-frequency resonance between the second quantum chip and the multiple groups of first quan- tum chips and low-frequency vibration of the oscillator, viscosity of liquid water is reduced, and water quality is effectively improved. The instrument enables an in- crease in water activity, which can have a positive effect on water quality and its ability to moisturize and support biological processes.

[0084] In practice, it was found that livestock that is given molecular water to drink demonstrates improved metabolism, bloating dies not occur, utilization of the con- sumed food is better and the amount of excreted metabolic products is reduced.

[0085] Subject of the invention The method for the reduction of ammonia emission in livestock farmi ng according to the invention, consists in applying at least one mineral composition to the surface occupied by livestock from a group of mineral compositions comprising:

[0086] - a mineral composition comprising at least one crushed igneous rock selected from a group including orthoclase, quartz, plagioclase, biotite in the form of rhyolite, granite, syenite, aplite or pegmatite, with particle diameter ranging from 1 to 100μm, in the amount of 1 to 99% by weight, and expanded perlite and / or expanded vermiculite with particle diameter ranging from 1 to 100 μm, in the amount of 1 to 99 % by weight, and / or

[0087] - a mineral composition comprising at least one crushed igneous rock, selected from a group including quartz, orthoclase, plagioclase, hornblende, augite in the form of granodiorite, dacite, andesite, diorite, lamprophyre, pegmatite, tonalite, with particle diameter ranging from 1 to 100 μm, in the amount of 1 to 99% by weight, and expanded perlite and / or expanded vermiculite with particle diameter ranging from 1 to 100 μm, in the amount of 1 to 99 % by weight, and / or

[0088] - a mineral composition comprising at least one crushed igneous rock, selected from a group consisting of plagioclase, augite, olivine in the form of diabase, melaphyre, basalt, gabbro, peridotite, lamprophyre, pegmatite, with particle diameter ranging from 1 to 100 μm, in the amount of 1 to 99 % by weight, and expanded perlite and / or expanded vermiculite, with particle diameter ranging from 1 to 100 μm, in the amount of 1 to 99 % by weight, and / or

[0089] - a mineral composition comprising at least one crushed igneous rock, selected from a group including hornblende, plagioclase, augite, olivine, with particle diameter ranging from 1 to 100 μm, in the amount of 1 to 99% by weight, and expanded perlite and / or expanded vermiculite, with particle diameter ranging from 1 to 100 μm, in the amount of 1 to 99% by weight, while at the same time livestock is given molecular water to drink.

[0090] Preferably, in order to adjust the pH of the mineral composition comprising crushed igneous rock with particle size ranging from 1 to 100 μm to the farming conditions, raw ground magnesite with particle size ranging froml μm to 2 mm is added in the amount of 1 to 10 % by weight, and expanded perlite and / or expanded vermiculite with particle diameter ranging from 1 to 100 μm, in the amount of 1 to 20 % by weight.

[0091] To avoid dusting and simplify dosing, the composition comprising igneous rock is used in the form of dust with particle size ranging from 1 to 100 μm and / or pellets with particle diameter of 0.2 mm - 9 mm.

[0092] An effective mineral composition added to the litter contains: MgO in the amount of 1.20 - 11.5 % by weight, CaO in the amount of 0.90 - 15.00 % by weight, SiO2in the amount of 15.00 - 76.10 % by weight, Fe2O3 in the amount of 1.45 - 10.50 % by weight, Na2O in the amount of 0.10 - 4.30 % by weight, K2O in the amount of 0.50 - 5.20% by weight, P2O5in the amount of 0.10 - 5.90 % by weight, Mn2O3 in the amount of 0.12 - 0.35 % by weight, SO3 in the amount of 0.02 - 10.5 % by weight, TiO2 in the amount of 0.50 - 2.15 % by weight, CuO in the amount of 0.02 - 0.90 % by weight, Cl in the amount of 0.03 - 0.40 % by weight, Zn in the amount of 0.07 - 0.60 % by weight.

[0093] The mineral composition containing igneous rock is preferably added to the litter. The components of the resulting organic-mineral mixture react with each other in a controlled manner, yielding a rich soil-enriching fertilizer, which contains both decomposition products of livestock waste and ammonium salts produced from gaseous ammonia, as well as microelements and enriching mineral components.

[0094] Rock minerals contained in the mineral composition added to the litter in the method according to the invention, demonstrate high sorption properties, absorb water and gases such as ammonia, methane, hydrogen sulphide in the amount of 100% to 150% of their own mass volume, absorb moisture, eliminate ammonia odor by binding it into ammonium ions and forming ammonium salts, promote growth of beneficial bacterial flora, release biologically active substances from volcanic minerals, accelerate growth of beneficial bacterial strains that break down livestock and poultry waste and food remnants into harmless chemical compounds. Rock minerals act as biostimulants, inducing aerobic mineralization of organic matter, which prevents the occurrence of putrefactive processes.

[0095] In the method according to the invention, to ensure the effectiveness of molecular water on livestock, it is provided with molecular water produced by a generator mounted at the end of the supply line.

[0096] Rock minerals contained in the composition added to the litter in the method according to the invention, have a positive effect on the health of poultry, animals and livestock, they do not cause environmental pollution, are easily absorbed by poultry and have a beneficial effect on the mineral balance of poultry. The finely crushed silica contained in the said composition boosts disease resistance, strengthens tendons, bones and cells throughout the body. Components of this composition promote detoxification in the case of gastrointestinal parasites, helping to remove parasites, and in the digestive tract, they dissociate mycotoxins from feed particles and prevent their absorption from the digestive tract.

[0097] Litter produced in the method according to the invention promotes free movement of livestock and poultry, it is insulating, easy to remove during cleaning, it has the ability to absorb ammonia and other metabolic products, it has hygroscopic properties, and is free from mechanical and microbiological contaminants.

[0098] Physical and chemical properties of the igneous rocks used in the method according to the invention, volcanic glass in the form of perlite, metamorphic rock in the form of vermiculite, litter in the form of straw, grass, hay - contribute to the creation of a valuable active bedding that due to its sorption properties, neutralizes gases and ammonia produced in cattle, pig and poultry farming.

[0099] Chemical and biological neutralization of gaseous ammonia and its transformation into the form of non-volatile ammonium salts, which in turn constitute a valuable mineral fertilizer, is supported by providing animals with molecular water, which has a beneficial physiological effect. In order to keep it fresh and active, molecular water is produced near the outlet of the supply line.

[0100] In the method according to the invention, gaseous ammonia NH3present in the atmosphere of livestock facilities is absorbed in the mineral composition and reacts with acidic mineral components derived from finely crushed igneous rocks, as well as perlite and vermiculite contained in the mineral composition added to the litter, transitioning into the form of ammonium nitrogen (ammonium ion NH4 + ], which eliminates the unpleasant odor and ammonia emission to the environment.

[0101] The mineral composition added to the litter consists of macroelements, microelements and trace elements, creates optimal air and water conditions for the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the litter. As the composition includes finely crushed clay fractions, size ranging from 1- 100 microns, in a situation when individual generated ions and colloids have a varying size, the composition demonstrates a different size (degree of extension) of the sorption surface, which makes it possible to bind ions of different sizes. The mineral composition added to the litter in the method according to the invention may have different pH values that can be monitored and adjusted to the current needs of regulating the pH of the litter through the selection and changes in a wide range of active mineral content. Sorption capacity of minerals used depends on pH, and the most favorable pH values of this reaction for the sorption capacity range from neutral to alkaline. Sorption capacity of the mineral composition added to the litter in the method according to the invention ranges from 100% of its own volume in the case of igneous rocks to 500% of the own volume of perlite and vermiculite of specific micronized fractions, and the absorbed water and ammonia contribute to the growth of aerobic microorganisms in the litter and reduce, and even inh ibit the growth of anaerobic bacteria, which reduces the possibility of the decay process. The composition is characterized by long-term release of macroelements and microelements. The use of the said composition eliminates growth and transfer of pathogens, creating conditions for safe well-being of livestock, poultry and fish, eliminates parasites from the litter, and the minerals it contains have a beneficial effect on the health of livestock and poultry.

[0102] The composition of minerals used in the method according to the invention, mixed with litter, containing straw, bran and waste generated during the harvesting of cereals, prevents decay processes and ensures the possibility to maintain adequate moisture level in the litter due to the sorption properties of the used minerals in the clay form, originating from magma, in case of which the sorption of water and ammonia is 100% of their own volume, and minerals in clay form originating from perlite or expanded vermiculite, whose sorption of water and ammonia ranges from 300% - 500% of own volume. Furthermore, the mineral composition used in the method according to the invention regulates pH of the litter, maintains correct air-water relations to ensure an optimal air environment, and eliminates the growth and transmission of pathogens. The composition does not release any chemical compounds and is environmentally friendly, and due to its ion-exchange capacity, it captures heavy metals and pesticides from liquids.

[0103] The absorption of ammonia in livestock and poultry farming, used in the method according to the invention, is supported by providing livestock with molecular water. Molecular water is obtained by means of a molecula r water generator, which is preferably installed in the end section of the system supplying water to drinkers for livestock and poultry. The efficiency of the generator depends on the size of the farm where the method according to the invention is used. The molecular water generator, through the phenomenon of resonance and conduction of field energy waves, affects the spin motions of hydrogen electrons, and affects their magnetic, electric and vibrational energy.

[0104] The communication network in people, livestock, poultry and plants oper- ates at different vibration levels and frequencies. The molecular water generator creates new planes of hydrogen molecules under the influence of energy, which can freely penetrate cells after drinking molecular water. The phenomenon of resonance and conduction of energy waves of the cell's magnetic field occurs in them. This action neutralizes free radicals in cells and it is possible to regenerate damaged cells by filling cells with energy, increasing metabolism and providing more hydrogen contained in more packed water molecules contained in a unit of volume. Hydrogen, in turn, is an antioxidant and has the ability to penetrate mitochondria and cell nu- clei by overcoming the cell membrane barrier.

[0105] Water molecules in molecular water, being dipoles, are magnetically aligned and subject to the restriction of their free, unstructured movement within micro- space measured in nanometers. Molecular water molecules have the conditions for forming hydrogen bonds with each other, and when confined in a small magnetically restricted space, they create a special type of electronic network in which they can move freely.

[0106] Water with molecular properties migrates more freely through cell membranes and enhances the penetration of active substances through cell membranes. In molecular water, with spatially ordered dipolar molecules, hydrates of mineral molecules are several times smaller in volume than hydrates formed by minerals with non-molecular water.

[0107] Molecular water ensures a better supply of nutrients, water and oxygen to the cells of living organisms.

[0108] Molecular water, having an ordered dipolar structure, stimulates the secretion of enzymes by livestock organisms and improves food digestion, it is characterized by improved wettability and reduced surface tension, it has an antibacterial effect, neutralizes pathogens, viruses, fungi, and reduces the production of gaseous metabolic products and release of ammonia and methane. The state induced by drinking molecular water allows for the proper functioning of the body, creates conditions for homeostasis i.e. acid-alkaline balance.

[0109] When using molecular water in the method according to the invention, faster digestion and a reduced emission of gases in livestock and poultry were observed - in the case of cattle, methane emission decreased by 50 - 80%, bloating in cattle was not observed, however, it is easy to notice and confirm an improvement in the health and vitality of livestock and poultry of up to 50%., as well as improved conditions in livestock and poultry facilities, and protection of environment by reducing the emission of ammonia NH3to the atmosphere

[0110] The method of reducing ammonia emission according to the inve ntion is used for providing litter in cattle, pig and poultry farming, and in other animal facilities, for example in zoos, it is also used for neutralizing ammonia in manure, bird manure, slurry and liquid manure.

[0111] The method according to the invention is presented in the embodiments below.

[0112] Sample chemical compositions of the mineral compositions used in the method of reducing the emission of gaseous ammonia, as well as other gases generated in livestock and poultry farming, are presented in tables 1-4 below, which indicate the groups of minerals used.

[0113] Livestock was provided solely with molecular water, produced by H2 molecu- lar water generator mounted at the end of the water system or the outlet of the sump, in which the water flowing through is subjected to natural activation at the level of nanoparticles, organizing their mutual arrangement and increasing their energy.

[0114] Example 1.

[0115] Table 1.

[0116] Example 2

[0117] Table 2.

[0118] Example 3.

[0119] Table 3

[0120] Example 4

[0121] Table 4

[0122] In all of the above examples, experiments were conducted in cattle barns, pigsties and poultry houses. Depending on the type of farming and type of livestock, a dose of minerals ranging from 30 - 100 kg per 100 m2was used in the examples. Mineral compositions were used as an addition to the organic straw litter, and as self-litter.

[0123] In the embodiments of the invention, the following doses of minerals were added to the litter: 1. In young cattle farming, up to 3 months old - 50 kg of minerals per 100 m2of the barn area;

[0124] 2. In adult cattle farming, 60 - 100 kg of minerals per 100 m2of the barn area;

[0125] 3. In pig farming, 50 - 100 kg of minerals per 100 m2of the pigsty area;

[0126] 4. In horse farming, 50 - 100 kg of minerals per 100 m2of the stable area;

[0127] 5. In chicken farming, 30 - 60 kg of minerals per 100 m2of the chicken house per breeding cycle; the mineral composition was supplemented once a week with 30 - 50 kg per 100m2on an as-needed basis,

[0128] 6. In hen farming, 50 - 60 kg of minerals per 100 m2of the hen house; litter was replaced or the amount of the mineral composition was supplemented, on an as-needed basis;

[0129] 7. In duck, goose and turkey farming, 50 - 100 kg per m2of the facility area per breeding cycle; litter with minerals was replaced or minerals were supplemented, depending on the type of farming.

[0130] Research findings and observations:

[0131] Based on the results obtained from the implemented embodiments of the invention, it was determined that as a result of the method according to the invention, the unpleasant odor of ammonia from farming facilities was neutralized, and the ammonia content in the air decreased to 80%. At the same time, a decrease was observed in the content of other gases in livestock facilities and facilities where waste including manure, slurry, as well as digestate from a biogas plant, is stored.

[0132] A 50% decrease was observed in the moisture content in poultry and livestock litter, and thus an improvement in the wellbeing of livestock and poultry, as well as an improvement in their breeding conditions. An improvement in the health of animals and poultry was observed, as well as a significant reduction and neutralization of larvae, nematodes and other pathogens in the litter, and a considerable decrease in the presence of fungi and viruses in the litter.

[0133] There was a noticeable positive change in the appearance and behavior of livestock and poultry in farming facilities, and a favorable impact of the invention on the environment was observed due to the reduction in gas emissions resulting from the invention.

[0134] Litter containing mineral compositions according to the embodiments of the method according to the invention, presented in tables 1-4, after its use, in a state enriched with liquid and semi-liquid livestock waste and supplemented with the mineral composition, as well as absorbed ammonia and ammonium compounds produced, was taken to farmlands and applied as a valuable fertilizer that did not emit gaseous ammonia. The fertilizer was added to standard soil, where a positive effect on crop growth, soil structure and a significantly reduced growth of harmful microorganisms, fungi and molds, was soon observed.

[0135] Experiments have shown that livestock and poultry drinking molecular water digest food faster, digested food is more easily absorbed by organisms, methane production is not observed, especially in ruminants, the health of livestock and poultry improves, better quality of meat and milk is obtained from farms using the method according to the invention, decrease in the possibility of moulds, fungi and yeast growth is reduced by 80%, higher resistance of livestock and poultry to diseas- es, stronger skeletal system, easier adaptation of livestock to existing weather condi- tions and reduced formation of ammonia NH3were also observed.

Claims

AMENDED CLAIMS received by the International Bureau on 16 May 2024 (16.05.2024)1. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the composition is applied in the amount ranging from 30 - 100 kg per 100 m2of the surface occupied by livestock, comprising crushed igneous rock, with particle size ranging from 1 to 100 μm, supplemented with raw, ground magnesite, with particle size ranging from 1 μm to 2 mm, in the amount of 1 to 10 % by weight, and expanded perlite and / or expanded vermiculite, with particle diameter ranging from 1 to 100 μm, in the amount of 1 to 20 % by weight is applied to the surface occupied by livestock.

2. Method according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the mineral composition contains: MgO in the amount of 1.20 - 11.5 % by weight, CaO in the amount of 0.90 - 15.00 % by weight, SiO2in the amount of 15.00 - 76.10 % by weight, Fe2O3in the amount of 1.45 - 10.50 % by weight, Na2O in the amount of 0.10 - 4.30 % by weight, K2O in the amount of 0.50 - 5.20% by weight, P2O5in the amount of 0.10 - 5.90 % by weight, Mn2O3in the amount of 0.12 - 0.35 % by weight, SO3in the amount of 0.02 - 10.5 % by weight, TiO2in the amount of 0.50 - 2.15 % by weight, CuO in the amount of 0.02 - 0.90 % by weight, Cl in the amount of 0.03 - 0.40 % by weight, Zn in the amount of 0.07 - 0.60 % by weight.

3. Method according to claim 1 or claim 2 , characterized in that livestock is provided with molecular water produced in a generator installed at the end of the supply line.AMENDED SHEET (ARTICLE 19)

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