Transmitting device and antenna system
The compact transmitting device with a unique inner and outer conductor configuration addresses the challenge of dual-band wireless backhaul systems by enabling dual-band and dual-polarization capabilities within a single outdoor unit, enhancing compactness, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness for 5G deployments.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/119246
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-09-15
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-20
AI Technical Summary
Current dual-band wireless backhaul systems require two outdoor units operating on separate frequency bands, which limits their compactness, increases equipment requirements, and hampers efficient 5G deployment.
A compact transmitting device with an inner conductor and outer conductor configuration that allows electromagnetic waves to propagate through channels formed between them, enabling dual-band and dual-polarization capabilities within a single outdoor unit.
The solution achieves a significant size reduction of the transmitting device and antenna system, leading to lower insertion loss, increased antenna gain, and reduced overall costs, while supporting high data rate applications like video streaming and mobile TV.
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Figure CN2023119246_20032025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
TRANSMITTING DEVICE AND ANTENNA SYSTEMFIELD
[0001] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to antenna technology, and more particularly, to a transmitting device and an antenna system comprising the transmitting device.BACKGROUND
[0002] With the arrival of the fifth generation of mobile networks, modern communication applications such as video streaming and mobile TV that require high data rates up to 10 Gbps will pose challenges to wireless transmission. Dual-band technology for backhaul applications is one of these possible concepts, as it can be used to improve radio frequency link performance. Nowadays, related dual-band wireless backhaul is mainly ensured by two outdoor units operating only on one frequency band at a time. It is possible to increase the capacity of a single backhaul node while reducing the amount of equipment required with the advent of dual-band feeds capable of operating in two independent frequency bands. With the development of dual-band antennas, it is critical to integrate orthogonal mode transducers (OMTs) into a single outdoor unit for future dual-band operation. However, there is currently a lack of high-performance and compact antennas suitable for future 5G deployments.SUMMARY
[0003] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a transmitting device and a corresponding antenna system comprising the transmitting device.
[0004] In a first aspect, there is provided a transmitting device. The transmitting device comprising: an inner conductor comprising: a first conductor extending in a first direction; a first pair of pins extending from first conductor away from each other along a second direction; and a second pair of pins extending from first conductor away from each other along a third direction, the second direction being perpendicular to the third direction; and an outer conductor provided outside the inner conductor, so as to form a channel between the inner conductor and the outer conductor, wherein electromagnetic wave is configured to propagate through the channel.
[0005] According to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the size of the transmitting device can be reduced to achieve a compact structure. The compact structure of the proposed transmitting device and the corresponding antenna results in lower insertion loss, which in turn increases the antenna gain and thus, the radio frequency link budget. Also, since the number of components can be reduced to half, the time to market, the installation time and the overall cost can be reduced accordingly.
[0006] In some exemplary embodiments, the outer conductor comprises: a first wall provided outside the first conductor and separated from the first conductor by a distance, so as to form a first channel for the electromagnetic wave to propagate through; a second wall provided outside the first pair of pins and separated from the first pair of pins by a distance, so as to form a second channel for the electromagnetic wave to propagate through; and a third wall provided outside the second pair of pins and separated from the second pair of pins by a distance, so as to form a third channel for the electromagnetic wave to propagate through.
[0007] In some exemplary embodiments, the first wall extends along the first direction and is coaxial to the first conductor; wherein the second wall extends along the second direction and is coaxial to the first pair of pins; and wherein the third wall extends along the third direction and is coaxial to the second pair of pins.
[0008] In some exemplary embodiments, the first conductor comprises a collar adjacent to the first pair of pins and the second pair of pins, wherein the collar has a dimension greater than the first conductor.
[0009] In some exemplary embodiments, the collar comprises two pairs of cavities, wherein each of the cavities aligns with each pin of the first pair of pins and the second pair of pins.
[0010] In some exemplary embodiments, each cavity is a rectangular cavity with rounded corners.
[0011] In some exemplary embodiments, the dimensions of the cavity, the rounded corners and the collar and the distance between the cavity and the collar are determined according to frequency band of the electromagnetic waveguide to be propagated.
[0012] In some exemplary embodiments, each pin of the first pair of pins and the second pair of pins comprises: a first segment provided adjacent to the inner conductor; a second segment provided adjacent to the first segment; and a third segment provided away from the inner conductor such that the second segment is provided between the first segment and the third segment, wherein in the direction along which the pin extends, a length of the first segment is different from a length of the third segment.
[0013] In some exemplary embodiments, in a section perpendicular to the direction along which the pin extends, the dimension of the second segment is smaller than the first segment and the third segment.
[0014] In some exemplary embodiments, the dimensions of the first segment, the second segment and the third segment are determined according to frequency band of the electromagnetic waveguide to be propagated.
[0015] In some exemplary embodiments, the inner conductor comprises a first row of recesses, wherein the first row of recesses comprises four recesses evenly provided around the first direction.
[0016] In some exemplary embodiments, the inner conductor further comprises a second row of recess, and the second row of recesses comprises four recesses evenly provided around the first direction; and wherein the first row of recesses are offset from the second row of recesses by 45 degrees.
[0017] In some exemplary embodiments, the first row of recesses are provided further away from to an end of the inner conductor than the second row of recesses, wherein each of the second row of recesses is aligned with a respective pin of the first pair of pins and the second pair of pins and each of the first row of recesses is spaced from a respective pin of the first pair of pins and the second pair of pins by 45 degrees.
[0018] In some exemplary embodiments, the inner conductor is of a cylindrical shape or a polygon prism shape.
[0019] In some exemplary embodiments, each pin of the first pair of pins and the second pair of pins is of a cylindrical shape or a polygon prism shape.
[0020] In a second aspect, an antenna system is provided. The antenna system comprises a transmitting device described in the first aspect.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] Some exemplary embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0022] Fig. 1 illustrates a current architecture of a dual-band backhaul network in accordance with a related solution.
[0023] Fig. 2 illustrates the evolution of dual-band backhaul, where only one outdoor unit is required for network deployment.
[0024] Figs. 3a-3b illustrates two existing commercial use cases in the backhaul market.
[0025] Fig. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram wherein an exemplary embodiment of the present invention can be applied.
[0026] Fig. 5 illustrates a perspective view of the transmitting device in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0027] Fig. 6 illustrates a perspective view of the inner conductor included in transmitting device in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0028] Fig. 7 illustrates an exemplary embodiment in accordance to the present disclosure, wherein a collar in included in the first conductor.
[0029] Fig. 8 illustrates an enlarged perspective view of the collar of the Fig. 7 in accordance to the present disclosure.
[0030] Figs. 9 and 10 illustrate enlarged views of the cavity and the neighboring components which show some dimensions related to the cavity.
[0031] Fig. 11 illustrates an enlarged perspective view of the pairs of pins in accordance to an exemplary embodiment the present disclosure.
[0032] Fig. 12 illustrates a top view of the inner conductor as well as an enlarged view showing the dimensions of the pin.
[0033] Fig. 13 illustrates a side view of a part of the inner conductor as well as an enlarged view showing the dimensions of the pin.
[0034] Fig. 14 illustrates an enlarged perspective view of the pairs of pins in accordance to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0035] Fig. 15 illustrates a side view of the inner conductor as well as an enlarged view showing the dimensions of the pin.
[0036] Fig. 16 illustrates an enlarged perspective view of the bottom part of the inner conductor in accordance to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0037] Fig. 17 illustrates an enlarged view showing the dimensions of recesses in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0038] Fig. 18 illustrates a planar view showing the dimensions of recesses in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0039] Figs. 19a-19d illustrate the radio frequency simulation of the transmitting device in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0040] Figs. 20a-20d illustrate the radio frequency simulation of the transmitting device in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0041] Figs. 21a-21c illustrate the radio frequency simulation of the transmitting device in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0042] Figs. 22a-22b illustrate the radio frequency simulation of the transmitting device in accordance to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0043] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference symbols are used to indicate the same or similar elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0044] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some exemplary embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0045] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0046] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “an exemplary embodiment, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0047] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of exemplary embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0048] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. As used herein, “at least one of the following: <a list of two or more elements> ” and “at least one of <a list of two or more elements> ” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or” , mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.
[0049] Unless specified or limited otherwise, the terms “mounted, ” “connected, ” “supported, ” and “coupled” and variations thereof are used broadly and encompass direct and indirect mountings, connections, supports, and couplings. Furthermore, “connected” and “coupled” are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections or couplings. In the description below, like reference numerals and labels are used to describe the same, similar or corresponding parts in the figures. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0050] Electromagnetic (EM) waves generated by the outdoor unit (ODU) are transmitted through circular waveguides operating in their dominant mode Transverse Electric TE11, especially in the microwave and millimeter wave bands, so as to reduce transmission losses. Circular waveguides support dual polarization transmission and are ideal for backhaul networks. In such a network, electromagnetic waves are linearly polarized, both vertically and horizontally.
[0051] Current outdoor units are often limited by their size constraints and therefore primarily operate within a single frequency band. Therefore, it is necessary to provide, install and manage two physical outdoor units to support dual-band operation, each is configured to be dedicated to handling a different form of frequency bandwidth
[0052] Fig. 1 illustrates a current architecture of a dual-band backhaul network in accordance with a related solution, which is driven by outdoor unit technology levels. As can be seen from Fig. 1, a first outdoor unit associated with the first frequency band (low band or Frequency Band 1) transmits and receives two linear orthogonal polarizations. Physically, a second outdoor unit must be installed in the second band (high band or Frequency Band 2) , which also operates two orthogonal polarizations. The outdoor unit connects to a dual-band antenna.
[0053] As dual-band backhaul networks logically evolve, the introduced outdoor unit will be able to handle two independent frequency bands within a single unit. The researches in areas such as transceivers, software coding and materials are expected to provide new solutions, such as outdoor units integrating two input / output radio frequency ports or waveguides. These ports will operate on different frequency bands but will be installed in one outdoor unit.
[0054] For better understanding, the previous description implies the inclusion of two independent radio frequency ports (waveguides) on the same input / output surface of the outdoor unit, whereas current outdoor units only have one. Each of these ports will be dedicated to low-and high-frequency bands respectively, and will also enable dual-polarization operation.
[0055] Fig. 2 illustrates the evolution of dual-band backhaul, where only one outdoor unit is required for network deployment. For the new outdoor unit concept, the traditional orthogonal mode transducer (OMT) architecture is not suitable for future requirements, especially the size requirements. Therefore, there is a technical challenge that needs to be solved: to develop an extremely compact orthogonal mode transducer which is capable of handling dual frequency bands and dual polarizations while providing a cost-effective solution with excellent radio frequency performance.
[0056] Figs. 3a-3b illustrates two existing commercial use cases in the backhaul market, to illustrate the need and interest in providing technology solutions for dual-band outdoor unit.
[0057] As shown in Fig. 3a, the frequency combinations of 5.925 GHz-7.125 GHz and 10 GHz-11.7 GHz are used for long-distance applications. In this case, by implementing the exemplary embodiments in accordance to the present disclosure, the large size of the orthogonal mode transducer operating in the low frequency band 5.925 GHz to 7.125 GHz can be significantly reduced. Additionally, an installation of four outdoor units (one by polarization and one by band) would be divided by two. As shown in Fig. 3b, in the second practical case, the frequency pairings are 10 GHz-11.7 GHz and 31 GHz-33.4 GHz. The goal is to increase the capacity of the available spectrum since the required bandwidth cannot be obtained within a single frequency band due to the limited amount of free spectrum. An interesting combination is to choose mid-to low-frequency bands, thereby increasing capacity.
[0058] To at least achieve the extreme size reduction, an intrinsic coaxial propagation theoretical model is proposed herein, which states that the cutoff frequency (operating band) is related only to the ratio of the radii of the inner conductor and outer conductor. It is assumed that the smaller inner conductor will result in reduced coaxial turnstile size, in contrast to conventional waveguide operation where the cross-sectional dimensions related to the cutoff frequency cannot be determined by the engineer's specifications due to basic waveguide propagation theory.
[0059] Fig. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram wherein an exemplary embodiment of the present invention can be applied. This innovation is a very compact coaxial quadrature mode transducer that will offer dual-band and dual-polarization characteristics, ideal for single outdoor unit and dual-band operation where radio frequency device size is critical.
[0060] In summary, the problem solved by the present invention is the need for an ultra-small OMT that has symmetry, optimized size, can meet the high size requirements of future dual-band outdoor unit, and has excellent radio frequency performance in both frequency bands. It is necessary to provide a compact transmitting device with high performance, including the excellent radio frequency properties on both frequency bands.
[0061] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a transmitting device and a corresponding antenna system comprising the transmitting device.
[0062] Fig. 5 illustrates a perspective view of the transmitting device 1 in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. As illustrated in Fig. 5, the transmitting device 1 generally includes an inner conductor 10 and an outer conductor 20 provided outside the inner conductor 10. Fig. 6 illustrates a perspective view of the inner conductor 10 included in transmitting device 1 in Fig. 5. The inner conductor 10 is shown in solid form in Fig. 5 and is also shown in Fig. 6 individually. The outer conductor 20 is shown in transparent form in Fig. 5.
[0063] With reference to Figs. 5 and 6, the inner conductor 10 includes a first conductor 110 extending in a first direction L1 and two pairs of pins 120, 130. A radio frequency signal may be transmitted from the outdoor units via the first conductor 110 and then be transmitted towards the antenna through the two pairs of pins 120, 130. As can be seen from Figs. 5 and 6, a first pair of pins 120, consisting of two pins, extend from first conductor 110 away from each other along a second direction L2, which is perpendicular to the first direction L1. Further, a second pair of pins 130, consisting of two pins, extend from first conductor 110 away from each other along a third direction L3, which is perpendicular to the second direction L2. That is, the first conductor 110, the first pair of pins 120 and the second pair of pins 130 are orthogonal to each other. It also can be seen that the two pairs of pins 120, 130 extends from a same position of the conductor 110, which is adjacent to one end of the first conductor 110
[0064] With reference to Fig. 5, the outer conductor 20 is provided outside the inner conductor 10 and is also spaced from the inner conductor 10, so as to form a channel between the inner conductor 10 and the outer conductor 20. With the aid of the channel, the electromagnetic wave is configured to propagate through the channel. The shape and the size of the outer conductor 20 may be designed based on the shape and the size of the inner conductor 10.
[0065] As shown in Fig. 5, the outer conductor 20 generally includes a first wall 210, a second wall 220 and a third wall 230. The first wall 210 may be provided outside the first conductor 110 and separated from the first conductor 110 by a distance, so as to form a first channel for the electromagnetic wave to propagate through. Similarly, the second wall 220 may be provided outside the first pair of pins 120 and separated from the first pair of pins 120 by a distance, so as to form a second channel for the electromagnetic wave to propagate through. The third wall 230 may be provided outside the second pair of pins 130 and separated from the second pair of pins 130 by a distance, so as to form a third channel for the electromagnetic wave to propagate through.
[0066] In this way, the electromagnetic wave can be propagated from the gap between the first wall 210 of the outer conductor 20 and the first conductor 110, and then through the gap between the second wall 220 of the outer conductor 20 and the first pair of pins 120, or through the gap between the third wall 230 of the outer conductor 20 and the second pair of the pins 130.
[0067] In some exemplary embodiments, the first wall 210 generally extends along the first direction L1 and is coaxial to the first conductor 110. The second wall 220 extends along the second direction L2 and is coaxial to the first pair of pins 120. The third wall 230 generally extends along the third direction L3 and is coaxial to the second pair of pins 130.
[0068] It is shown in Figs. 5-6 that the first conductor 110 has a circular section while the pins 120, 130 have a square section. However, this is solely illustrative, rather than limiting. It is to be understood that all the combinations are possible.
[0069] According to the present embodiments, the cut off frequency of the dominant higher order mode TE11 of a coaxial waveguide is defined by the following equation, where c is the speed of light in vacuum, εr is the relative permittivity in the propagation medium, a is the radius of the inner conductor and b is the radius of the outer conductor, both measured from the center.
[0070] As it is clear from the former equation, the coaxial waveguide size depends only on the ratio between the inner and outer radii, i.e., the parameters a and b. Assuming the same frequency range of the R120 waveguide and an inner radius of 4.5 mm, the calculation leads to an outer conductor of only 10 mm (b / a= 2.23) , which results in an outstanding size reduction of 48 %or 9 mm. Therefore, such a reduction on the required dimensions of the entire OMT waveguides provides an extreme compact radio frequency device in the complete solution.
[0071] Fig. 7 illustrates an exemplary embodiment in accordance to the present disclosure, wherein a collar 111 is included in the first conductor 110. In the shown embodiment, the collar 111 is located adjacent to the joint where the first conductor 110, first pair of pins 120 and the second pair of pins 130 meet. As shown, the collar 111 may be of a cylindrical shape. The collar 111 may have a dimension greater than the first conductor 110.
[0072] Fig. 8 illustrates an enlarged perspective view of the collar 111 of the Fig. 7 in accordance to the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 8, the collar 111 comprises two pairs of cavities 112. The cavity 112 may penetrate a part of the collar 111 and also a part of first conductor 110. As can be seen from Fig. 8, each of the cavities 112 aligns with each pin of the first pair of pins 120 and the second pair of pins 130. The cavities 112, which act as resonant cavities would achieve better return loss and a reduced and extreme compact architecture for the whole transmitting device 1 if the cavities are correctly sized related to the operation frequency band. It should be noted that the proper design was achieved by finding the correct balance between the increased inner conductor diameter, which shifts the operation frequency to higher bands, and the resonant cavity, which increases the electrical propagation size and results in better transmission for lower bands. It has been tested that the combination of both and the position of the cavity 112 relative to the associated pins 120, 130 creates a wideband impedance matching.
[0073] In some exemplary embodiments, each cavity 112 is a rectangular cavity with rounded corners 113. It is easy to manufacture such a cavity in terms of machining.
[0074] Figs. 9 and 10 illustrate enlarged views of the cavity 112 and the neighboring components which show some dimensions related to the cavity 112. As can be seen from Fig. 9, the parameters wu and Hu represent the width and the height of the cavity 112, and the parameter Cu represents the radius of the rounded corner 113 and the parameter Ru represents the distance between the center point of the cavity 112 and the nearest face (top face) of the respective pin 130. As can be seen from Fig. 10, the parameter Du represents the depth of the cavity 112 into the first conductor 110 and the parameter Duc represents the diameter of the collar 111. Once these parameters are determined, the size and the location of the cavity 112 can be determined accordingly. It has been tested that the vertical distance Ru between the center point of the cavity 112 and the top face of the respective pin 130 is crucial in achieving the enhanced radio frequency properties.
[0075] In some exemplary embodiments, these parameters can be determined according to frequency band of the electromagnetic waveguide to be propagated. For example, if λ is defined as the wavelength at the center of the operation frequency band, then the dimensions of the cavity 112 wu and Hu may be determined as λ / 8, the radius Cu of the rounded corner 113 may be determined as λ / 20, the diameter Duc of the collar 111 may be determined as λ / 2 and the distance Ru between the center point of the cavity 112 and the nearest face of the respective pin 130 may be determined as λ / 4. It is to be understood that these proportions between the parameter and the wavelength λ are just a few of examples, without suggesting any limitations as to the scope of the subject matter described here. In other possible exemplary embodiments, the proportions between the parameter and the wavelength λ may be different.
[0076] Fig. 11 illustrates an enlarged perspective view of the pairs of pins 120, 130 in accordance to an exemplary embodiment the present disclosure. As shown, the cross section of the pins 120, 130 are rectangle but the dimensions of the cross section of the pins 120, 130 are not uniform. In particular, each pin of the first pair of pins 120 and the second pair of pins 130 comprises a first segment 141, a second segment 142 and a third segment 143. The first segment 141 is provided adjacent to the inner conductor 10, the third segment 143 provided away from the inner conductor 10, and the second segment 142 is provided between the first segment 141 and the second segment 142.
[0077] Fig. 12 illustrates a top view of the inner conductor 10 as well as an enlarged view showing the dimensions of the pin 120. As shown, in a section perpendicular to the direction L2 along which the pin 120 extends, the width Wp2 of the second segment 142 is smaller compared to the width Wp1 of the first segment 141 and the width Wp2 of the third segment 143; therefore, the cross section area of the second segment 142 is smaller compared to the cross section areas of the first segment 141 and the third segment 143 to get proper operation. As shown in Fig. 12, in the direction L2 along which the pin 120 extends, the length Lp1 of the first segment 141 is different from the length Lp3 of the third segment 143. That is, the second segment 142, having a smallest cross section area, is not provided in the middle of the pin 120.
[0078] Fig. 13 illustrates a side view of a part of the inner conductor 10 as well as an enlarged view showing the dimensions of the pin 12. As shown, the first segment 141, the second segment 142 and the third segment 143 each have a height of Hp1, Hp2 and Hp3. The height of the third segment 143 Hp3 = Hp3a + Hp3b, wherein Hp3a represents the dimension of the third segment 143 above the middle point M of the second segment 142 and Hp3b represents the dimension of the third segment 143 below the middle point M of the second segment 142. The third segment 143 resembles a “hammer” since it has relatively greater dimensions (e.g., the width and the height) than the first segment 141 and the second segment 142.
[0079] It is to be understood that the purpose of the pins is to convert the dominant coaxial mode TE11 into the dominant mode in the classic rectangular waveguide (no coaxial propagation) , TE10, and vice versa. This is required for its implementation in the dual polarization feeding network because the entire radio frequency architecture cannot be done in coaxial solution. To achieve perfect impedance matching and minimize the length of the pins, it has been found that a hammer-shaped geometry meets the radio frequency requirements. In a word, the hammer-shaped pin 120 acts like a probe and provides a perfect impedance matching over a broad frequency range.
[0080] In total, starting from the first conductor 110, the pin 120 is reduced in height and width at the second segment 142. However, the second segment 142 is not symmetrical relative to the beginning. The dimensions of the first segment 141 are defined by the parameters Lp1, Wp1, and Hp1 and the dimensions of the second segment 142 are defined by the parameters Lp2, Wp2, and Hp2. At the end, the dimensions of the third segment 143 (the “hammer” ) is modeled by the parameters Hp3a, Hp3b, Lp3, Wp3. Once these parameters are determined, the size and the location of the first segment 141, the second segment 142 and third segment 143 can be determined accordingly.
[0081] In some exemplary embodiments, these parameters can be determined according to frequency band of the electromagnetic waveguide to be propagated. For example, if λ is defined as the wavelength at the center of the operation frequency band, then the length of the first segment 141 Lp1 may be determined as λ / 3, the length of the second segment 142 Lp2 may be determined as λ / 4, and the length of the third segment 143 Lp3 may be determined as λ / 8. It is to be understood that here are just a few examples and the specific proportions between the parameter and the wavelength λ are not limited to the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. In other possible exemplary embodiments, the proportions between the parameter and the wavelength λ may be different.
[0082] It has been observed that the combination of the initial section modification and the implementation of a hammer-shaped third segment 143 significantly reduces the length of the pin, with special dependence on the specific parameter Hp3b. The combination of the shortened length of the pin 120 and the hammer-shaped head third segment 143 which acts like a probe, provides a perfect impedance matching over a broad frequency range. Accordingly, the need for excessively long pins typically required in coaxial to waveguide converters can be eliminated.
[0083] In some exemplary embodiments, the pin 120, 130 may take various shapes. Fig. 14 illustrates an enlarged perspective view of the pairs of pins 120, 130 in accordance to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Different from the shape of the pins 120, 130 shown previously in Fig. 11, the pair of pins 120, 130 shown in Fig. 14 are consisted of a plurality of cylindrical segments. Also, it can be possible to increase the number of segments to get a wider frequency band. As can be seen from Fig. 14, for the pin 120 generally includes in series a first segment 141, a second segment 142, a third segment 143 and a fourth segment 144. Among these segments, the first segment 141 is provided adjacent to the collar 111 and the fourth segment 144 is provided at the end of the pin 120. The pin 130 may have a similar shape to the pin 120.
[0084] Fig. 15 illustrates a side view of the inner conductor 10 as well as an enlarged view showing the dimensions of the pin 120. As shown, in a section perpendicular to the direction L2 along which the pin 120 extends, the radius rcp2 of the second segment 142 is smaller compared to the radius rcp1 of the first segment 141, the radius rcp3 of the third segment 143 and the radius rcp4 of the fourth segment 144. Therefore, the cross section area of the second segment 142 is the smaller compared to the cross section areas of other three segments including the first segment 141, the third segment 143 and the fourth segment 144. That is, the second segment 142 is the thinnest among all the four segments. As shown in Fig. 15, in the direction L2 along which the pin 120 extends, the sum of the length Lcp3 of the third segment 143 and the length Lcp4 of the fourth segment 144 is different from the length Lp1 of the first segment 141. That is, the second segment 142, having a smallest cross section area, is not provided in the middle of the pin 120.
[0085] As can be seen from Fig. 15, the outermost segment, i.e., the fourth segment 144 has the largest radius compared to other three segments. Therefore, the fourth segment 144 resembles a “hammer” which creates a resonance frequency enlarging the operational bandwidth.
[0086] In total, starting from the first conductor 110, the pin 120 is reduced in height and width at the second segment 142. However, the second segment 142 is not symmetrical relative to the beginning. The dimensions of the first segment 141 are defined by the parameters rcp1 and Lcp1, the dimensions of the second segment 142 are defined by the parameters rcp2 and Lcp2, the dimensions of the third segment 143 are defined by the parameters rcp3 and Lcp3, and the dimensions of the fourth segment 144 are defined by the parameters rcp4 and Lcp4. Once these parameters are determined, the size and the location of the first segment 141, the second segment 142, the third segment 143 and the fourth segment 144 can be determined accordingly. In some exemplary embodiments, these parameters can be determined according to frequency band of the electromagnetic waveguide to be propagated.
[0087] In some exemplary embodiments, the four segments 141-144 are coaxial to each other. The coaxial configuration can improve radio frequency performance and achieve a much easier manufacturing. Besides, the coaxial configuration can allow the cross polarization discrimination to its maximum extent, so as to achieve a high effective solution for dual polarization network. By taking cylindrical shapes of pins 120, 130, the probability of machining errors and the risk of failed machining can be reduced. In this way, the radio frequency performance can be improved and the manufacturing may be simplified.
[0088] Fig. 16 illustrates an enlarged perspective view of the bottom part of the inner conductor 110 in accordance to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. In the shown embodiments, the inner conductor 10 generally comprises two rows of recesses 151, 152. The first row of recesses 151 comprises four recesses evenly provided around the first direction L1; that is, the four recesses 151 are spaced to each other by 90 degrees. The second row of recesses 152 comprises four recesses evenly provided around the first direction L1; that is, the four recesses 152 are spaced to each other by 90 degrees. As can also be seen from Fig. 16, the first row of recesses 151 are offset from the adjacent recess of the second row of recesses 152 by 45 degrees.
[0089] In some exemplary embodiments, the first row of recesses 151 are provided further away from an end of the inner conductor 10 than the second row of recesses 152. Each of the second row of recesses 152 is aligned with a respective pin of the first pair of pins 120 and the second pair of pins 130. Each of the first row of recesses 151 is spaced from a respective pin of the first pair of pins 120 and the second pair of pins 130 by 45 degrees. Each of the first row of recesses 151 is located exactly in the middle of the first and second pairs of pins 120, 130.
[0090] By providing the first row of recesses 151 spaced from the adjacent pin 120, 130 by 45 degrees, which act an isolation between two adjacent pins, no energy can be convoyed from the horizontal to the vertical polarization, and vice versa. Furthermore, the second row of recess 152 are similar in shape to the cavity 112 of the collar 111 but with a semi-cylindrical shape. By providing the second row of recess 152, the impedance matching can be enhanced.
[0091] Fig. 17 illustrates an enlarged view showing the dimensions of recesses in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure; and Fig. 18 illustrates a planar view showing the dimensions of recesses in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. For the first row of recesses 151, the dimensions are defined by the parameters Hl1, Rlo1 and rli1, wherein Hl1 represents the height of the recess 151, and the radii Rlo1 and rli1 may determine the depth of the recess 151 into the first conductor 110. For the second row of recesses 152, the dimensions are defined by the parameters Hl2, Rlo2 and rli2, wherein Hl2 represents the height of the recess 152, and the radii Rlo2 and rli2 may determine the depth of the recess 152 into the first conductor 110. With the two rows of recesses 151, 152, the transmitting device 1 can have better performance in terms of return loss. Since the bottom of the first conductor 110 is combined with the two rows of recesses 151, 152, the diameter Dl of the bottom can also be enlarged.
[0092] It is to be understood that even though the Figs. 11-15 show the first conductor 110 has a circular cross section, this is merely illustrative, rather than restrictive. In other exemplary embodiments, the first conductor 110 may have other possible shapes of cross section, for example, rectangular, square, hexagon, octagon, etc.
[0093] It is also to be understood that even though the Figs. 11-13 show the pin 120 has rectangular cross section and Figs. 14-15 show the pin 120 has circular cross section, they are merely illustrative, rather than restrictive. In other exemplary embodiments, the pin 120 may have other possible shapes of cross section, for example, square, hexagon, octagon, etc.
[0094] In a second aspect, an antenna system is provided. The antenna system comprises a transmitting device 1 described in the first aspect. The antenna may be used in various scenarios, for example, the video streaming, mobile TV and other smart phone applications requiring high data rates.
[0095] Figs. 19a-19d illustrate the radio frequency simulation (S-Parameters) of the transmitting device 1 in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein Fig. 19a shows the vertical return loss in solid line and the horizontal return loss in dashed line; Fig. 19b shows the vertical transmission in solid line and the horizontal transmission in dashed line; Fig. 19c shows the cross polarization discrimination; and Fig. 19d shows the vertical interport isolation in solid line and the horizontal interport isolation in dashes line. The dissociation between the low frequency band and the high frequency band may result in extreme high inter band isolation. Therefore, the crosstalk of the signal can be avoided to ensure the high signal quality.
[0096] It should be noted that for simplification purpose, the simulation was conducted without the inclusion of the rectangular waveguides, which are necessary for the complete design. It can be seen from the simulation result that the return loss is better than 34 dB across the required frequency band having 16%of operational bandwidth. Number 2 and number 3 in the legend correspond to each linear polarization, vertical and horizontal respectively.
[0097] As can be seen from Fig. 19b, the transmitting device 1 in accordance to the exemplary embodiments of present disclosure demonstrates perfect transmission, with no power drop throughout the entire frequency band and the expected -3 dB level, which corresponds to equal power distribution, being achieved in both polarizations. The transmitting device 1 in accordance to the exemplary embodiments of present disclosure splits equally the energy of each polarization in the lower part of the transmitting device 1 and recombines it in the common waveguide in the upper part of the transmitting device 1. It should be also noted that the energy transmission is perfectly balanced between the horizontal and the vertical polarizations which will result in high cross polarization discrimination in the antenna performance.
[0098] As can be seen from Fig. 19c, for the common waveguide port, the isolation between orthogonal polarizations is excellent. As can be also seen from Fig. 19d, for the common waveguide port, the isolation between orthogonal polarizations is also excellent between the two single polarization waveguides. In the above two cases, the simulation results are both better than 70 dB.
[0099] Figs. 20a-20d illustrate the radio frequency simulation (S-Parameters) of the transmitting device 1 in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, which includes the “hammer” pins. Among these figures, Fig. 20a shows the vertical return loss in solid line and the horizontal return loss in dashed line; Fig. 20b shows the vertical transmission in solid line and the horizontal transmission in dashed line; Fig. 20c shows the cross polarization discrimination; and Fig. 20d shows the vertical interport isolation in solid line and the horizontal interport isolation in dashes line.
[0100] As can be seen from Fig. 20a, the return loss is more than 27 dB in the 10 GHz-11.7 GHz band (broad band property) and exceeds 35 dB from 10.3 GHz-11.7 GHz. As can be seen from Fig. 20b, the transmission properties (in vertical and horizontal polarizations) are excellent showing a perfect energy transfer between coaxial and no coaxial propagation mediums, obtaining the expected -3 dB value. As can be seen from Figs. 20c-20d, the cross-polarization discrimination and interport isolation are both better than 70 dB, which demonstrates that no polarized wave is affected by any depolarization phenomenon.
[0101] Figs. 21a-21c illustrate the radio frequency simulation of the transmitting device 1 in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, to demonstrate the correct performance as regards of the reflection and transmission of the electromagnetic waves. Among these figures, Fig. 21a shows the return loss; Fig. 21b shows the transmission; and Fig. 21c shows the cross polarization in solid line and the interport isolation in dashes line.
[0102] As can be seen from Fig. 21a, the return loss is better than 20 dB in the entire band and more than 30 dB from 10.3 GHz up to 11.7 GHz. The radio frequency transmission, as shown in the Fig. 21b, proves that the transmitting device 1 in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure successfully transfers the energy with no loss, achieving a 0 dB transmission. As can be seen from Fig. 21c, the radio frequency isolation between orthogonal polarizations exhibits also exceptional results, around 80 dB in the operation frequency band.
[0103] Figs. 22a-22b illustrate the radio frequency simulation of the transmitting device 1 in accordance to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein Fig. 22a shows the return loss simulation of the vertical polarization in solid line and the return loss simulation of the horizontal polarization in dashed dotted line; and Fig. 22b shows the cross polarization simulation.
[0104] As can be seen from Fig. 22a, the embodiment in accordance to the present disclosure exhibits an exceptional value in terms of the return loss, around 30 dB from 10.2 GHz up to 11.7 GHz for both polarizations. This is notable for an extreme compact architecture operating in a low frequency band such as 10 GHz.
[0105] Compared to the existing solutions, the transmitting device in accordance to the present disclosure can achieve a significant size reduction. For example, for the frequency band ranging from 21.2 GHz to 23.6 GHz, the size can be two times smaller than the existing solution. Besides, the present solution provides a solution for installing solely one outdoor unit for dual band application, which will prevent from mechanical degradations that may be incurred by antenna misalignment, mechanical issues, the existence of speedy winds or complex mounting situation, etc. Even the two outdoor units are symmetrically mounted, the gravity center may be deteriorated owing to the fact that size of the outdoor unit and the weight vary with the operation frequency. Therefore, the architecture with only one outdoor unit may bring about great benefit than that with two outdoor units. The exemplary embodiments in accordance to the present disclosure may achieve only one outdoor unit, which can render the gravity center to be more stable and balanced.
[0106] While several embodiments have been described and illustrated herein, those of ordinary skill in the art will readily envision a variety of other means and / or structures for performing the function and / or obtaining the results and / or one or more of the advantages described herein, and each of such variations and / or modifications is deemed to be within the scope of the embodiments described herein. More generally, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that all parameters, dimensions, materials, and configurations described herein are meant to be exemplary and that the actual parameters, dimensions, materials, and / or configurations will depend upon the specific application or applications for which the teachings is / are used.
[0107] Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific embodiments described herein. It is, therefore, to be understood that the foregoing embodiments are presented by way of example only and that, within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereto, embodiments may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described and claimed. embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to each individual feature, system, article, material, kit, and / or method described herein. In addition, any combination of two or more such features, systems, articles, materials, kits, and / or methods, if such features, systems, articles, materials, kits, and / or methods are not mutually inconsistent, is included within the scope of the present disclosure.
[0108] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0109] Although the present disclosure has been described in languages specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A transmitting device (1) , comprising:an inner conductor (10) comprising:a first conductor (110) extending in a first direction (L1) ;a first pair of pins (120) extending from first conductor (110) away from each other along a second direction (L2) ; anda second pair of pins (130) extending from first conductor (110) away from each other along a third direction (L3) , the second direction (L2) being perpendicular to the third direction (L3) ; andan outer conductor (20) provided outside the inner conductor (10) , so as to form a channel between the inner conductor (10) and the outer conductor (20) , wherein electromagnetic wave is configured to propagate through the channel.2.The transmitting device (1) of claim 1, wherein the outer conductor (20) comprises:a first wall (210) provided outside the first conductor (110) and separated from the first conductor (110) by a distance, so as to form a first channel for the electromagnetic wave to propagate through;a second wall (220) provided outside the first pair of pins (120) and separated from the first pair of pins (120) by a distance, so as to form a second channel for the electromagnetic wave to propagate through; anda third wall (230) provided outside the second pair of pins (130) and separated from the second pair of pins (130) by a distance, so as to form a third channel for the electromagnetic wave to propagate through.3.The transmitting device (1) of claim 2,wherein the first wall (210) extends along the first direction (L1) and is coaxial to the first conductor (110) ;wherein the second wall (220) extends along the second direction (L2) and is coaxial to the first pair of pins (120) ; andwherein the third wall (230) extends along the third direction (L3) and is coaxial to the second pair of pins (130) .4.The transmitting device (1) of any of claims 1-3, wherein the first conductor (110) comprises a collar (111) adjacent to the first pair of pins (120) and the second pair of pins (130) , wherein the collar (111) has a dimension greater than the first conductor (110) .5.The transmitting device (1) of claim 4, wherein the collar (111) comprises two pairs of cavities (112) , wherein each of the cavities (112) aligns with each pin of the first pair of pins (120) and the second pair of pins (130) .6.The transmitting device (1) of claim 5, wherein each cavity (112) is a rectangular cavity with rounded corners (113) .7.The transmitting device (1) of claim 6, wherein the dimensions of the cavity (112) , the rounded corners (113) and the collar (111) and the distance between the cavity (112) and the collar (111) are determined according to frequency band of the electromagnetic waveguide to be propagated.8.The transmitting device (1) of any of claims 1-7, wherein each pin of the first pair of pins (120) and the second pair of pins (130) comprises:a first segment (141) provided adjacent to the inner conductor (10) ;a second segment (142) provided adjacent to the first segment (141) ; anda third segment (143) provided away from the inner conductor (10) such that the second segment (142) is provided between the first segment (141) and the third segment (143) ,wherein in the direction along which the pin extends, a length of the first segment (141) is different from a length of the third segment (143) .9.The transmitting device (1) of claim 8, wherein in a section perpendicular to the direction along which the pin extends, the dimension of the second segment (142) is smaller than the first segment (141) and the third segment (143) .10.The transmitting device (1) of claim 9, wherein the dimensions of the first segment (141) , the second segment (142) and the third segment (143) are determined according to frequency band of the electromagnetic waveguide to be propagated.11.The transmitting device (1) of any of claims 1-10, wherein the inner conductor (10) comprises a first rows of recesses (151) , wherein the first row of recesses (151) comprises four recesses evenly provided around the first direction (L1) .12.The transmitting device (1) of claim 11, wherein the inner conductor (10) further comprises a second row of recess (152) , and wherein the second row of recesses comprises four recesses evenly provided around the first direction (L1) ; andwherein the first row of recesses are offset from the second row of recesses by 45 degrees.13.The transmitting device (1) of claim 12, wherein the first row of recesses (151) are provided further away from an end of the inner conductor (10) than the second row of recesses (152) , wherein each of the second row of recesses (152) is aligned with a respective pin of the first pair of pins (120) and the second pair of pins (130) and each of the first row of recesses (151) is spaced from a respective pin of the first pair of pins (120) and the second pair of pins (130) by 45 degrees.14.The transmitting device (1) of any of claims 1-13, wherein the inner conductor (10) is of a cylindrical shape or a polygon prism shape.15.The transmitting device (1) of any of claims 1-14, wherein each pin of the first pair of pins (120) and the second pair of pins (130) is of a cylindrical shape or a polygon prism shape.16.An antenna system comprising:a transmitting device (1) of any of claims 1-15.
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