Eccentric folding coupler assembly, and rail vehicle comprising same

Abstract

The present application discloses an eccentric folding coupler assembly, comprising: a first folding joint and a second folding joint, which are hingedly connected to each other, wherein the position where the first folding joint and the second folding joint are hingedly connected is located outside shaft bodies of the first folding joint and the second folding joint, so that a deflection included angle between the first folding joint and the second folding joint ranges from 0° to 180°; a first connecting plate and a second connecting plate, respectively disposed on the first folding joint and the second folding joint; and a locking pin, capable of being inserted between the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate by means of connecting insertion holes in the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate.

Description

Eccentric folding coupler assembly and rail vehicle thereof

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the Patent Office of China on September 12, 2023, with application number 202311175103.7 and invention name “A pressure rod type eccentric folding coupler assembly and its rail vehicle”; and the Chinese patent application filed with the Patent Office of China on September 12, 2023, with application number 202322469740.7 and invention name “A folding coupler assembly and its rail vehicle”, all contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application belongs to the field of rail vehicles, and in particular relates to an eccentric folding coupler assembly and a rail vehicle thereof. Background Art

[0003] With the continuous development of equipment in the rail transit industry, research on the front-end couplers of trains has continued to deepen. The couplers are located at both ends of the train. In order to achieve rescue or reconnection operations, the couplers need to meet certain length requirements. However, the space at the front end of some vehicles is relatively narrow. In order to meet the space and length requirements, the couplers adopt a telescopic or folding design. At present, folding couplers are divided into two parts, the front pull rod and the rear pull rod, and the folding function is completed by a rotating pin. The rotation center of the rotating pin of the above-mentioned folding coupler is located on the axis of the coupler shaft. When the folding angle of the coupler is large, the structures on both sides of the folding joint will interfere, resulting in a limited folding angle of the coupler. After folding, the hidden space occupied by the coupler is still large, which cannot meet the space requirements hidden in the opening and closing mechanism at the front end of some vehicles.

[0004] For example, Chinese application No. 201610778750.0 discloses a locking device for a folding coupler, a folding coupler and a locking method thereof, and Chinese application No. 201611247638.0 discloses a coupler assembly and a straddle-type rail train having the same. The folding mechanisms of the above patents will cause mechanical interference between the front and rear pull rods during the folding process.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome some problems existing in the prior art, the present application provides an eccentric folding coupler assembly and a rail vehicle thereof.

[0007] The first aspect of the present application provides an eccentric folding coupler assembly, comprising:

[0008] The first folding joint and the second folding joint are hingedly connected, and the hinge point of the first folding joint and the second folding joint are located outside the first folding joint and the second folding joint, so that the deflection angle range of the two is 0°-180°;

[0009] A first connecting plate and a second connecting plate are respectively provided on the first folding joint and the second folding joint;

[0010] A locking pin, which can be inserted between the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate through the connecting holes thereon;

[0011] The first folding joint and the second folding joint are in a colinear state, and the connecting sockets on the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate coincide with each other; the locking pin is located in or out of the connecting socket between the two to achieve a straight locking state or a deflected active state between the first folding joint and the second folding joint.

[0012] In one embodiment, the eccentric folding coupler assembly also includes: a first hinge plate and a second hinge plate, which are respectively arranged on the first folding joint and the second folding joint and are hinged to each other through a hinge pin to form the hinge; the first hinge plate and the first connecting plate are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first folding joint; the second hinge plate and the second connecting plate are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the second folding joint; the movement direction of the locking pin is the same as the setting direction of the hinge pin.

[0013] In one embodiment, the second folding joint and the second hinge plates and the second connecting plates on both sides thereof are formed into a concave structure, and / or the first folding joint and the first hinge plates and the first connecting plates on both sides thereof are formed into a concave structure.

[0014] In one embodiment, the eccentric folding coupler assembly further includes a third hinge plate, and the third hinge plate and the second hinge plate are arranged on both sides of the first hinge plate.

[0015] In one embodiment, a third hinge plate is further provided on the second folding joint, and the second hinge plate and the third hinge plate are symmetrically arranged with respect to the first hinge plate; the three hinge plates share the same hinge pin.

[0016] In one embodiment, the eccentric folding coupler assembly further includes a driving mechanism connected to the locking pin to drive the locking pin to move; the connection between the driving mechanism and the locking pin and the third hinge plate are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first folding joint.

[0017] In one embodiment, the driving mechanism includes: an unlocking bolt, which is arranged on one side of the locking pin; an unlocking pressure rod, which is rotatably connected to the unlocking bolt, the first end of the unlocking pressure rod is hinged to the locking pin, and the second end of the unlocking pressure rod is provided with a handle; a hook pin, which is arranged on one side of the handle; and a tension spring, which is arranged between the hook pin and the handle.

[0018] In another embodiment, the driving mechanism includes an unlocking rod and an unlocking bolt, wherein the unlocking rod is bent and rotatably mounted on the unlocking bolt; the first end of the unlocking rod is hinged to the locking pin, and the second end of the unlocking rod is provided with a handle; a hook pin is provided on one side of the handle; a tension spring is provided between the hook pin and the handle; the locking pin and the hook pin are respectively located at different ends and different sides of the unlocking rod.

[0019] In one embodiment, the driving mechanism further includes a pressure rod connecting block, which is hingedly arranged between the locking pin and the first end of the unlocking pressure rod, and the hinged portion of the pressure rod connecting block is in the shape of a groove structure.

[0020] In a specific embodiment, the driving mechanism also includes a pressure rod connecting block, which has a first groove for accommodating a locking pin and being hingedly connected to the locking pin, and a second groove for accommodating an unlocking pressure rod and being hingedly connected to the first end of the unlocking pressure rod, so that the pressure rod connecting block roughly forms an I-shape.

[0021] In one embodiment, a pin hole is provided below the locking pin; a latch is provided in the pin hole; the outer diameter of the first end of the latch is larger than the diameter of the pin hole, and a cotter pin is provided in the through hole provided at the second end of the latch.

[0022] In one embodiment, a stop block is provided at the first end of the hinge pin, and the stop block is fixedly connected to the third hinge plate or the second hinge plate, and a fastening nut is provided at the second end of the hinge pin opposite to the first end.

[0023] In one embodiment, coaxial docking holes are respectively provided in the first folding joint and the second folding joint; a reinforcing shaft is slidably provided in the docking hole.

[0024] The rail vehicle provided in the second aspect of the present application includes the eccentric folding coupler assembly described in any one of the above embodiments; the eccentric folding coupler assembly is installed between the coupling system and the buffer system of the rail vehicle.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0026] The eccentric folding coupler assembly provided in at least one embodiment of the present application avoids interference of structures on both sides of the folding joint by arranging the hinge of the first folding joint and the second folding joint on the outside of the joint shaft, thereby increasing the folding angle of the coupler assembly, and realizing a deflection of 0°-180° between the first folding joint and the second folding joint, so as to truly realize complete folding and retraction, avoid the problem of mechanical interference in traditional structural methods, maximize the folding angle of the coupler, reduce the space occupied by the coupler after folding, and ensure that the coupler can be hidden in the opening and closing mechanism at the vehicle end.

[0027] The eccentric folding coupler assembly provided in at least one embodiment of the present application adopts a symmetrical structural design for the articulated shaft and the connecting shaft to greatly meet the tensile strength of the coupler in the locked state, ensuring the reliability and stability of the connection in the locked state.

[0028] The eccentric folding coupler assembly provided in at least one embodiment of the present application adopts a pressure rod type quick connection method at the connection point. Its connection method is simple, low cost, has good locking state stability, and high safety, which facilitates the operator to switch between the straight locking and deflection activity states of the coupler. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] FIG1 is a perspective view of a coupler assembly in a deflected active state according to an embodiment;

[0030] FIG2 is a perspective view of a coupler assembly in an extended and locked state according to an embodiment;

[0031] FIG3 is a top view of a coupler assembly in a deflected active state according to one embodiment;

[0032] FIG4 is a top view of a coupler assembly in an extended and locked state according to one embodiment;

[0033] FIG5 is a cross-sectional view of a coupler assembly in an extended and locked state according to an embodiment;

[0034] FIG6 is a perspective view of a second folding joint according to an embodiment;

[0035] FIG7 is a perspective view of a compression rod connecting block according to an embodiment;

[0036] FIG8 is a perspective view of a locking pin according to an embodiment;

[0037] In the figure: 1 first folding joint, 2 second folding joint, 3 first hinge plate, 4 second hinge plate, 41 third hinge plate, 5 first connecting plate, 6 second connecting plate, 7 locking pin, 8 unlocking bolt, 9 unlocking pressure rod, 10 pressure rod connecting block, 101 first groove, 102 second groove, 11 pin hole, 12 latch pin, 13 hook pin, 14 tension spring, 15 handle, 16 docking hole, 17 connecting socket, 18 hinge pin, 19 connection, 20 cotter pin, 21 stop block, 22 rod body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The technical solution of the present application is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. However, it should be understood that without further description, the elements, structures and features in one embodiment may also be beneficially combined with other embodiments.

[0039] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features.

[0040] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "bottom", "inner", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in FIG1 , and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on this application.

[0041] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integral connection; they can refer to direct connection, indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0042] As shown in Figures 1-5, the first embodiment of the present application provides an eccentric folding coupler assembly (hereinafter referred to as the coupler assembly), comprising: a first folding joint 1, a second folding joint 2, a first connecting plate 5, a second connecting plate 6, and a locking pin 7. The first folding joint 1 and the second folding joint 2 are hingedly connected, and the hinge point of the first folding joint 1 and the second folding joint 2 is located outside the axis of the first folding joint 1 and the second folding joint 2, so that the deflection angle range of the first folding joint 1 and the second folding joint 2 is 0°-180°. The first connecting plate 5 and the second connecting plate 6 are respectively provided on the first folding joint 1 and the second folding joint 2; the locking pin 7 can be inserted between the first folding joint 1 and the second folding joint 2 through the connecting socket 17 on the first connecting plate 5 and the second connecting plate 6. The first folding joint 1 and the second folding joint 2 can be in a collinear state, and the connecting sockets 17 on the first connecting plate 5 and the second connecting plate 6 overlap. The locking pin 7 is positioned in or out of the connecting socket 17 between the first folding joint 1 and the second folding joint 2 to achieve a straight locked state or a deflected active state between the first folding joint 1 and the second folding joint 2.

[0043] When the coupler assembly needs to be folded and retracted, the locking pin 7 is removed from the first connecting plate 5 and the second connecting plate 6. Since the hinge of the first folding joint 1 and the second folding joint 2 is located outside the axis of the two, as shown in Figure 3, the first folding joint 1 and the second folding joint 2 can be deflected relative to each other by 0°-180°, realizing true folding and retraction. When the coupler assembly needs to be connected, the first folding joint 1 and the second folding joint 2 are adjusted to a collinear state, and the locking pin 7 is inserted into the connecting socket 17 in the first connecting plate 5 and the second connecting plate 6 to achieve a quick locking and fixed connection, as shown in Figure 4.

[0044] As shown in Figure 1, the coupler assembly further includes: a first hinge plate 3 and a second hinge plate 4; the two are respectively arranged on the first folding joint 1 and the second folding joint 2 and are hinged to each other via a hinge pin 18. The first hinge plate 3 and the second hinge plate 4 form the aforementioned hinged joint via the hinge pin 18, so that the two joints can rotate relative to each other; the hinge pin 18 is also located outside the first folding joint 1 and the second folding joint 2; the first hinge plate 3 and the first connecting plate 5 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first folding joint 1; the second hinge plate 4 and the second connecting plate 6 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the second folding joint 2; thereby minimizing the distance between the first folding joint 1 and the second folding joint 2 in a collinear state, making the entire coupler assembly more compact in the axial direction (left and right direction in Figures 2-4). The movement direction of the locking pin 7 is the same as the setting direction of the hinge pin 18, and both are longitudinally arranged to ensure the tensile strength of the connection. As shown in Figures 1 and 5, a symmetrical structural design is adopted to ensure the balance and stability of the forces after the two are coupled, thereby ensuring the safety and reliability of the coupler after coupling.

[0045] In one embodiment, a concave structure is formed between the second folding joint 2 and the second hinge plates 4 and second connecting plates 6 on either side thereof, and / or between the first folding joint 1 and the first hinge plates 3 and first connecting plates 5 on either side thereof. As shown in Figures 3 and 4 , the overall concave structure between the second folding joint 2, the second hinge plates 4, and the second connecting plates 6 accommodates the first folding joint 1 and prevents mechanical interference when the first and second folding joints 1 and 2 are connected in a colinear manner. Similarly, the first folding joint 1, the first hinge plate 3, and the first connecting plate 5 can also be concave, or all of them can be concave.

[0046] As shown in Figures 1 and 6 , the coupler assembly may further include a third hinge plate 41 ; the second hinge plate 4 and the third hinge plate 41 are respectively disposed above and below the first hinge plate 3 . More specifically, the third hinge plate 41 is disposed on the second folding joint 2 , symmetrically arranged with respect to the first hinge plate 3 ; the three hinge plates share the same hinge pin 18 . To further enhance the stability and reliability of the articulated state between the two joints 2 , the corresponding third hinge plate 41 is provided to achieve a bidirectional articulation.

[0047] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 1-2, the coupler assembly also includes a driving mechanism; the driving mechanism is connected to the locking pin 7 to drive the locking pin 7 to move; the connection 19 between the driving mechanism and the locking pin 7 and the third hinge plate 41 are symmetrically located on both sides of the first folding joint 1.

[0048] The above-mentioned setting is to optimize the overall structural layout of the device. Technical personnel in this field may also set two corresponding second connecting plates 6 (in the upper and lower directions of Figure 1) as needed, and set them symmetrically with the third hinge plate 41 and the second hinge plate 4 respectively; such a structure can better improve the stability of the connection when subjected to force, but it will increase the difficulty of plugging the locking pin 7. Therefore, in this application, only one second connecting plate 6 is provided and it is symmetrically arranged with the second hinge plate 4, and the space at the upper end of the second connecting plate 6 is reserved as the connection 19 between the driving mechanism and the locking pin 7.

[0049] In a specific embodiment, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the driving mechanism includes: an unlocking bolt 8, an unlocking pressure rod 9, a hook pin 13 and a tension spring 14; the unlocking bolt 8 is arranged on one side of the locking pin 7; the unlocking pressure rod 9 is rotationally connected to the unlocking bolt 8, the first end of the unlocking pressure rod 9 is hinged to the locking pin 7, and the second end of the unlocking pressure rod 9 is provided with a handle 15; the hook pin 13 is arranged on one side of the handle 15; the tension spring 14 is arranged between the hook pin 13 and the handle 15.

[0050] More specifically, the unlocking pressure rod 9 is bent and rotatably mounted on the unlocking bolt 8; the first end of the unlocking pressure rod 9 is hinged to the locking pin 7, and the second end of the unlocking pressure rod 9 is provided with a handle 15; a hook pin 13 is provided on one side of the handle 15; a tension spring 14 is provided between the hook pin 13 and the handle 15; the locking pin 7 and the hook pin 13 are located at different ends and different sides of the unlocking pressure rod 9; for example, in Figure 1, the locking pin 7 is located on the lower side of the first end of the unlocking pressure rod 9, and the hook pin 13 is located on the upper side of the second end of the unlocking pressure rod 9 opposite to the first end.

[0051] In this embodiment, the drive mechanism specifically employs a compression rod linkage to achieve relative movement of the locking pin 7. Those skilled in the art may also modify the drive mechanism accordingly, so as to only allow for longitudinal movement of the locking pin 7, such as by employing a pneumatic cylinder, an electric cylinder, a screw mechanism, etc. In this embodiment, a manual drive mechanism is employed, utilizing the principle of leverage. When the tension spring 14 is unstressed, the locking pin 7 is positioned within the connecting jack 17. To remove the locking pin 7, the handle 15 is depressed to overcome the tension of the tension spring 14, thereby withdrawing the locking pin 7.

[0052] In a more specific embodiment, as shown in Figures 2 and 7, the drive mechanism may further include a pressure rod connecting block 10, which is hingedly disposed between the locking pin 7 and the first end of the unlocking pressure rod 9, and the hinge portion of the pressure rod connecting block 10 is in the form of a groove structure. Specifically, the pressure rod connecting block 10 is generally I-shaped, having a first groove 101 that accommodates the locking pin 7 and is hingedly connected to the locking pin 7, and a second groove 102 that accommodates the first end of the unlocking pressure rod 9 and is hingedly connected to the first end of the unlocking pressure rod 9.

[0053] The direct hinge method may cause obstruction in the direction of force application during the actual lever pulling process, so the corresponding compression rod connecting block 10 is added to provide corresponding angle buffer, thereby ensuring the reliability of the compression rod structure.

[0054] In one embodiment, as shown in Figures 1 and 8 , a pin hole 11 can be provided below the locking pin 7; a latch pin 12 can be located within the pin hole 11; the outer diameter of the first end of the latch pin 12 is larger than the diameter of the pin hole 11, and a cotter pin 20 can be located within a through hole provided at the second end of the latch pin 12. To further improve reliability after the connection, the latch pin 12 is added to prevent the locking pin 7 from detaching, and the cotter pin 20 can also be used as a locking pin.

[0055] In one embodiment, as shown in Figures 1 and 3-5 , a stopper 21 is provided at the first end of the hinge pin 18, which is fixedly connected to the third hinge plate 41 or the second hinge plate 4 (fixedly connected to the third hinge plate 41 in the figures). A fastening nut is provided at the second end of the hinge pin 18. Since the first and second folding joints 1 and 2 are in the articulated state, if the hinge pin 18 is not locked in position, the fastening nut may loosen due to friction after long-term use, potentially causing a safety hazard.

[0056] In one embodiment, a coaxial docking hole 16 is provided in each of the first folding joint 1 and the second folding joint 2; a reinforcing shaft is slidably provided in the docking hole 16. The purpose of providing the reinforcing shaft is that when the first folding joint 1 and the second folding joint 2 are in a colinear connection state, the reinforcing shaft is extended and provided between the two to improve the rigidity of the overall connection and to disperse the force at the connection on both sides to the reinforcing shaft. When folding and retracting are required, the reinforcing shaft retracts and is only located in the docking hole 16 of the first folding joint 1 or the second folding joint 2 to ensure that no mechanical interference occurs. There are various ways to control the extension and retraction of the reinforcing shaft, such as a pneumatic cylinder, an electric cylinder, a screw mechanism, etc.

[0057] A second embodiment of the present application provides a rail vehicle comprising an eccentric folding coupler assembly as described in any of the preceding embodiments. The coupler assembly is installed between the coupling system and the buffer system of the rail vehicle. In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, the first folding joint 1 is connected to the coupling system via a rod 22, and the second folding joint 2 is connected to the buffer system.

[0058] Its working principle is:

[0059] When folding and retracting is required, the latch 12 is pulled out and the handle 15 is pressed down at the same time to overcome the elastic force of the tension spring 14 and pull up the locking pin 7 through the lever principle to disengage it from the connecting socket 17 in the first connecting plate 5 and the second connecting plate 6. At this time, the unlocking is realized in the deflection active state. Since the hinge pin 18 is located outside the shaft of the first folding joint 1 and the second folding joint 2, there will be no mechanical interference between the first folding joint 1 and the second folding joint 2 during the rotation process, thereby achieving a deflection of 0°-180°.

[0060] The described embodiments are merely descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present application and do not limit the scope of the present application. Without departing from the design spirit of the present application, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present application by ordinary technicians in this field should fall within the scope of protection determined by the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. An eccentric folding coupler assembly, wherein: include: The first folding joint and the second folding joint are hingedly connected and the hinged part of the first folding joint and the second folding joint is located outside the first folding joint and the second folding joint, so that the deflection angle range of the two is 0°-180°; A first connecting plate and a second connecting plate are respectively arranged on the first folding joint and the second folding joint; as well as A locking pin, which can be inserted between the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate through the connecting holes on the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate; Wherein, the first folding joint and the second folding joint are in a co-linear state, and the connecting sockets on the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate overlap; The locking pin is located in or out of the connecting socket to achieve a straight locking state or a deflected active state between the first folding joint and the second folding joint.

2. The eccentric folding coupler assembly according to claim 1, wherein: It also includes: a first hinge plate and a second hinge plate, which are respectively arranged on the first folding joint and the second folding joint and are hinged to each other through a hinge pin to form the hinge; the first hinge plate and the first connecting plate are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first folding joint; the second hinge plate and the second connecting plate are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the second folding joint; the movement direction of the locking pin is the same as the setting direction of the hinge pin.

3. The eccentric folding coupler assembly according to claim 2, wherein: The second folding joint and the second hinge plates and the second connecting plates on both sides thereof form a concave structure; and / or the first folding joint and the first hinge plates and the first connecting plates on both sides thereof form a concave structure.

4. The eccentric folding coupler assembly according to claim 2, wherein: The second folding joint is also provided with a third hinge plate, and the second hinge plate and the third hinge plate are symmetrically arranged with respect to the first hinge plate; the three hinge plates share the same hinge pin.

5. The eccentric folding coupler assembly according to claim 4, wherein: It also includes a driving mechanism connected to the locking pin to drive the locking pin to move; the connection between the driving mechanism and the locking pin and the third hinge plate are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first folding joint.

6. The eccentric folding hook assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: It also includes a driving mechanism, which is connected to the locking pin to drive the locking pin to move; the driving mechanism includes an unlocking pressure rod and an unlocking bolt, wherein the unlocking pressure rod is bent and rotatably mounted on the unlocking bolt; the first end of the unlocking pressure rod is hinged to the locking pin, and the second end of the unlocking pressure rod is provided with a handle; a hook pin is provided on one side of the handle; a tension spring is provided between the hook pin and the handle; the locking pin and the hook pin are respectively located at different ends and different sides of the unlocking pressure rod.

7. The eccentric folding coupler assembly according to claim 5, wherein: The driving mechanism also includes a pressure rod connecting block, which has a first groove that accommodates the locking pin and is hingedly connected to the locking pin, and a second groove that accommodates the unlocking pressure rod and is hingedly connected to the first end of the unlocking pressure rod, so that the pressure rod connecting block forms an I-shape.

8. The eccentric folding hook assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: A pin hole is provided below the locking pin; a latch is provided in the pin hole; the outer diameter of the first end of the latch is larger than the diameter of the latch hole, and a cotter pin is provided in the through hole provided at the second end of the latch.

9. The eccentric folding coupler assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: A stop block is provided at the first end of the hinge pin, and the stop block is fixedly connected to the third hinge plate or the second hinge plate, and a fastening nut is provided at the second end of the hinge pin opposite to the first end; coaxial docking holes are respectively provided in the first folding joint and the second folding joint; a reinforcing shaft is slidably provided in the docking hole.

10. A rail vehicle, comprising the eccentric folding coupler assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 9; the eccentric folding coupler assembly is installed between a coupling system and a buffer system of the rail vehicle.

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