Brassica plants or parts thereof comprising altered kaempferol content and methods of producing the same

Abstract

A Brassica plant or part thereof, preferably a seed comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, or a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene exhibiting altered kaempferol content and methods of producing the same.

Description

Brassica plants or parts thereof comprising altered kaempferol content and methods of producing the sameBackground

[0001] Rapeseed, in particular Brassica napus is one of the most important oil crops worldwide. After oil extraction, a protein-rich rapeseed meal is generated, which contains around 40 % protein. This protein has a well-balanced amino acid composition and high bioavailability stressing the potential of Brassica napus to serve as high-quality protein crop for human consumption. The same holds true for a number of other Brassica crops, as e.g., B. carinata, B. juncea, and B. rapa.

[0002] Therefore, one major breeding aim is to increase the overall seed protein and oil content in Brassica plants. Currently, the application of protein obtained from Brassica seeds in food products is restricted by bitter off-taste compounds like specific flavonols.

[0003] The main bitter off-taste compound in rapeseed protein isolates is the flavonol derivative kaempferol-3-O-(2"'-O-sinapoyl-p-sophoroside) (K30SS) as shown in Hald et al. 2019. The bitter taste of K30SS is detectable at the low concentration of 0.00276 mg / g and its content in rapeseed seeds and meal was reported to be ~0.026 mg / g (Jiang et al. 2015; Wang et al. 2018a; Hald et al. 2019).

[0004] The flavonol synthase (FLS) is the key enzyme in flavonol biosynthesis, catalysing the conversion of di hydroflavonols to their respective flavonols, as e.g. dihydrokaempferol to kaempferol.

[0005] Recently, 13 Brassica napus FLS genes were identified (Schilbert et al. 2021). The findings indicated a role of 5 Brassica napus FLS genes in seeds, BnaFLSl-1, BnaFLSl-2, BnaFLS2-l, BnaFLS3- 3, and BnaFLS3-4. In addition to the FLS activity of BnaFLSls, the 2-ODD member ANS might also be able to contribute to flavonol production, as AthANS exhibit FLS and F3H side activities in vitro (Turnbull et al. 2004). However, at present, there is no indication of the causal players amongst the FLS and / or ANS genes of the production of the main bitter off-taste kaempferol-3-O-(2'"-O-sinapoyl-0-sophoroside) (K3OSS).

[0006] It is an object of the invention to provide a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and methods of producing the same.

[0007] It is an object of the invention to provide a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene and methods of producing the same.

[0008] It is an object of the invention to provide a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene and methods of producing the same.

[0009] It is an object of the invention to provide a Brassica plant, part or derived products thereof with reduced total content of kaempferols and methods of producing the same.

[0010] It is an object of the invention to provide a Brassica plant, part or derived products thereof with reduced content of kaempferol-3-O-(2'"-O-sinapoyl-0-sophoroside) (K3OSS) and methods of producing the same.

[0011] It is an object of the invention to provide a Brassica plant, part or derived products thereof in which the bitter taste is reduced and methods of producing the same.Brief Description of the Invention

[0012] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene.

[0013] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene.

[0014] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene.

[0015] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided comprising:(i) a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene,(ii) a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, or(iii) a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene.

[0016] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided as described above, wherein item (i) results in at least one of the following:(a) an altered gene expression such as reduced gene expression of the FLS1-1 gene compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene,(b) production of an FLS1-1 protein with an altered function such as loss of function compared to FLS1-1 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene,(c) production of an FLS1-1 protein that is truncated and / or comprising a deletion, an insertion and / or a replacement of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-1 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene.

[0017] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided as described above, wherein item (ii) results in at least one of the following:(a) an altered gene expression such as reduced gene expression of the FLS1-2 gene compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene,(b) production of an FLS1-2 protein with an altered function such as loss of function compared to FLS1-2 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene,(c) production of an FLS1-2 protein that is truncated and / or comprising a deletion, an insertion and / or a replacement of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-2 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene.

[0018] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided as described above, wherein item (iii) results in at least one of the following:(a) an altered gene expression such as reduced gene expression of the FLS1-1 gene compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene,(b) production of an FLS1-1 protein with an altered function such as loss of function compared to FLS1-1 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene,(c) production of an FLS1-1 protein that is truncated and / or comprising a deletion, an insertion and / or a replacement of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-1 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene,(d) an altered gene expression such as reduced gene expression of the FLS1-2 gene compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene,(e) production of an FLS1-2 protein with an altered function such as loss of function compared to FLS1-2 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene,(f) production of an FLS1-2 protein that is truncated and / or comprising a deletion, an insertion and / or a replacement of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-2 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene,(g) an altered gene expression such as reduced gene expression of the FLS1-1 gene compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and altered gene expression such as a reduced gene expression of the FLS1-2 gene compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene,(h) production of an FLS1-1 protein with an altered function such as loss of function compared to FLS1-1 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and production of an FLS1-2 protein with an altered function such as loss of function compared to FLS1-2 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene,(i) production of an FLS1-1 protein that is truncated and / or comprising a deletion, an insertion and / or a replacement of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-1 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and production of an FLS1-2 protein that is truncated and / or comprising a deletion, an insertion and / or a replacement of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-2 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene.

[0019] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided as described above comprising a total phenol content such as flavonoid or flavonol content, wherein item (i) results in altered total phenol content such as flavonoid or flavonol content as compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, item (ii) results in altered total phenol content such as flavonoid or flavonol content as compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, and / oritem (iii) results in altered total phenol content such as flavonoid or flavonol content as compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene.

[0020] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided as described above, comprising a total kaempferol content wherein item (i) results in altered total kaempferol content as compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, item (ii) results in altered total kaempferol content as compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, and / or item (iii) results in altered total kaempferol content such as reduced total kaempferol content as compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene.

[0021] In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols. In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3. In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3 such as glycosyl and / or sinapoyl moieties at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3.

[0022] In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to at least one or more of Kaempferol-3-O- sophoroside-7-O-glucopyranoside(=K3Soph7Glc), Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside(=K3Soph),Kaempferol-3-O-(2 " '-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside)(= K30SS), and Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O- (2 ' '-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside)(=K3Soph7SinGlc).

[0023] In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to Kaempferol-3-O- sophoroside-7-O-glucopyranoside, Kaempferol-3-O-(2 ' ' '-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside)-7-O- glucopyranoside(=K3OSS7Glc), Kaempferol-4 '-(6-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside)-3,7-di-O- glucopyranoside(K4GlcSin3,7Glc), Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside, Kaempferol-3-O-(2 " '-O-sinapoyl- sophoroside), Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-(2 ' '-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside), Kaempferol-3-O- glucopyranoside (=K3Glc),Kaempferol-3-O-(2 ' ' '-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside)-7-O-(6-O-sinapoyl- glucopyranoside)(=K3OSS7SinGlc), and Kaempferol-4 '-(6-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside)-3-O- glucopyranoside (=K3Glc4SinGlc).

[0024] In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to Kaempferol-3-O-(2" ' - O-sinapoyl-sophoroside) (=K30SS).

[0025] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content is provided as described above, wherein items (i) and (iii) each results in reduction of the total content of kaempferols and item (ii) results in increase in the total content of kaempferols as compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene,a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, respectively, wherein the mutant allele of the FLS1-2 gene in each of items (ii) and (iii) is the same mutant allele.

[0026] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content is provided as described above, wherein item (iii) results in the reduction of the total kaempferol content by at least 10% to 95% as compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene.

[0027] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content is provided as described above, wherein item (iii) results in the total kaempferol content of no greater than 100 pg / g preferably as measured by UPLC-MS / MS, wherein the total kaempferol content refers to at least one or more of Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-glucopyranoside, Kaempferol-3-O- sophoroside, Kaempferol-3-O-(2 " '-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside), and Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O- (2-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside).

[0028] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total K30SS content is provided as described above, wherein item (iii) results in the total K30SS content of no greater than 5 pg / g as measured by UPLC-MS / MS.

[0029] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content is provided as described above, wherein item (iii) results in the total kaempferol content of no greater than 5% as compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1- 1 gene and a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the total kaempferol content refers to at least one or more of Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-glucopyranoside, Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside, Kaempferol-3-O-(2 ' ' '-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside), and Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-(2-O-sinapoyl- g I ucopyra noside).

[0030] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the FLS1-1 and / or FLS1-2 gene is in homozygous form.

[0031] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided as described above, wherein the mutant allele of item (i) is in homozygous form.

[0032] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided as described above, wherein the mutant allele of item (ii) gene is in homozygous form.

[0033] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided as described above, wherein the mutant allele of item (iii) is in homozygous form.

[0034] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the FLS1-1 and / or FLS1-2 gene is in the regulatory region of the gene such as the promoter region, the coding region such as 5' or 3' of the coding region or an intron.

[0035] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided as described above, wherein the mutant allele is characterized by at least one of the following:(A) a deletion mutation,(B) an insertion mutation(C) a frameshift mutation,(D) a stop codon mutation,(E) a splice site mutation,(F) a missense mutation,(G) an epigenetic modification preferably a DNA methylation(H) a translocation mutation,(I) a promoter mutation.

[0036] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided as described above, wherein item (i) is a mutation due to a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 71 or a lower amino acid position corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 protein. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.

[0037] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided as described above, wherein item (i) is a mutation due to a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 71 or a higher amino acid position corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 protein. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.

[0038] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided as described above, wherein item (i) is a mutation due to a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 71 corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 protein. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.

[0039] The Brassica plant or part thereof wherein item (ii) is a mutation due to a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 148 or a lower amino acid position corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.

[0040] The Brassica plant or part thereof, wherein item (ii) is a mutation due to a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 148 or a higher amino acid position corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.

[0041] The Brassica plant or part thereof, wherein item (ii) is a mutation due to a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 148 corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.

[0042] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided as described above, wherein item (iii) is a mutation due to a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 71 or a lower amino acid position corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 protein and a mutation due to a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 148 or alower amino acid position corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.

[0043] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided as described above, wherein item (iii) is a mutation due to a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 71 or a higher amino acid position corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 protein and a mutation due to a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 148 or a higher amino acid position corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.

[0044] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided as described above, wherein item (iii) is a mutation due to a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 71 or a lower amino acid position corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 protein and a mutation due to a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 148 or a higher amino acid position corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.

[0045] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided as described above, wherein item (iii) is a mutation due to a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 71 or a higher amino acid position corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 protein and a mutation due to a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 148 or a lower amino acid position corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.

[0046] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided as described above, wherein item (iii) is a mutation due to a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 71 corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 protein and a mutation due to a stop codon mutation at position 148 corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein.

[0047] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided as described above, wherein items (i) and (iii) each results in a truncated FLS1-1 protein, wherein the last amino acid residue in the truncated FLS1-1 protein is an amino acid at position 70 or less corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 protein.

[0048] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided as described above, wherein items (ii) and (iii) each results in a truncated FLS1-2 protein, wherein the last amino acid residue in the truncated FLS1-2 protein is an amino acid at position 147 or less corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein.

[0049] In some embodiments, the FLS1-1 mutant allele is a loss of function mutation.

[0050] In some embodiments, the FLS1-2 mutant allele is a loss of function mutation.

[0051] In some embodiments, the FLS1-1 mutant allele and FLS1-2 mutant allele are both loss of function mutations.

[0052] In some embodiments, the FLS1-1 mutant allele is a loss of function mutation, and the FLS1-2 mutation is a loss of function mutation when said FLS1-1 mutant allele is also present.

[0053] In some embodiments, a Brassica seed is provided from which a Brassica plant or part thereof as described above can be grown.

[0054] In some embodiments, the Brassica part is a leaf, anther, pistil, stem, petal, root, ovule, pollen, microspore, protoplast, callus, tissue, seed, flower, cotyledon, hypocotyl, embryo or cell.

[0055] In some embodiments, the Brassica part is a seed, pod, or embryo.

[0056] In some embodiments, the Brassica part is a seed.

[0057] In some embodiments, the Brassica seed as described above is a de-oiled seed or dehulled seed.

[0058] In some embodiments, the Brassica part is a pod.

[0059] In some embodiments, the Brassica part is an embryo.

[0060] In some embodiments, a fraction isolated from the Brassica plant or part thereof as described above is provided.

[0061] In some embodiments, the fraction is isolated from a Brassica part, which part is a seed as described above.

[0062] In some embodiments, the fraction is a protein fraction preferably a concentrated protein fraction.

[0063] In some embodiments, a press cake or a meal comprising the fraction as described above is provided.

[0064] In some embodiments, a fraction isolated from a Brassica napus plant or part thereof as described above is provided. In some embodiments, the fraction is isolated from a Brassica napus part, which part is a seed as described above. In some embodiments, the fraction is a protein fraction preferably a concentrated protein fraction. In some embodiments, a press cake or a meal comprising the fraction as described above is provided.

[0065] In some embodiments, the Brassica seed as described above tastes less bitter as compared to a wild type Brassica seed as tasted by a subject, wherein the subject is an adult human.

[0066] In some embodiments, the fraction as described above tastes less bitter as compared to the same fraction isolated from a wild type Brassica seed as tasted by a subject, wherein the subject is an adult human.

[0067] In some embodiments, the press cake or meal as described above tastes less bitter as compared to the same press cake comprising the same fraction isolated from a wild type Brassica seed as tasted by a subject, wherein the subject is an adult human.

[0068] In some embodiments, a method for producing a Brassica plant or part thereof as described above comprises,(1) inducing any one of the mutant alleles of items (i), (ii), and (iii) preferably by TILLING or in- silico TILLING, Zinc Finger Nuclease (ZFN), Oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis (ODM), TALENS, RNAi, synthetic antisense oligonucleotides, and / or CRISPR,(2) identifying the mutant allele induced in (1), above, and(3) optionally growing the plant or plant part with the identified mutant allele from (2), above.

[0069] In some embodiments, a method of identifying and / or selecting a Brassica plant, part or seed as described above, comprises a step of determining whether the FLS1-1 gene, and / or the FLS1-2 gene has been modified as compared to a Brassica wild type Brassica FLS1 gene or FLS1-2 gene, respectively.

[0070] In some embodiments, a method for obtaining a Brassica plant or part as described above comprises, a) crossing a Brassica plant comprising the mutant allele of item (i) with a plant comprising or not comprising the mutant allele of item (i) to obtain an Fl population; b) performing one or more rounds of crossing a plant from the Fl population to obtain a further generation population; c) selecting a plant that comprises the mutant allele of item (i) homozygously.

[0071] In some embodiments, a method for obtaining a Brassica plant or part as described above comprises, a) crossing a Brassica plant comprising the mutant allele of item (ii) with a plant comprising or not comprising the mutant allele of item (ii) to obtain an Fl population; b) performing one or more rounds of crossing a plant from the Fl population to obtain a further generation population; c) selecting a plant that comprises the mutant allele of item (ii) homozygously.

[0072] In some embodiments, a method for obtaining a Brassica plant or part as described above additionally comprises, d) crossing a Brassica plant comprising the mutant allele of item (iii) with a plant comprising or not comprising the mutant allele of item (iii) to obtain an Fl population; e) performing one or more rounds of crossing a plant from the Fl population to obtain a further generation population; f) selecting a plant that comprises the mutant allele of item (iii) homozygously.

[0073] In some embodiments, a progeny or lineage seed is provided that is produced from the method as described above.

[0074] In some embodiments, the Brassica plant or part thereof is selected from a group consisting of Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea, Brassica juncea, Brassica carinata, and Brassica nigra or any combination or hybrid thereof. In some embodiments, the Brassica plant or part thereof is not Brassica rapa.

[0075] In some embodiments, a Brassica germplasm is provided that confers on the Brassica seed, the traits as described above.

[0076] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant comprising the germplasm described above is provided.

[0077] In some embodiments, a seed produced by the Brassica plant as described above is provided.

[0078] In some embodiments, a progeny plant grown from the seed as described above is provided.

[0079] In some embodiments, the Brassica plant or part thereof is Brassica napus.

[0080] In some embodiments, use of the fraction described above as a feed, food or dietary supplement for animal and / or human consumption is provided.

[0081] In some embodiments, use of the press cake described above as a feed, food or dietary supplement for animal and / or human consumption is provided.

[0082] In some embodiments, a Brassica germplasm is provided that confers on the Brassica seed, as described above, a taste that is less bitter as compared to a wild type Brassica seed as tasted by a subject, wherein the subject is an adult human.Brief Description of the FiguresFigure 1: The structure of Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-glucopyranosideFigure 2: The structure of Kaempferol -3-O-(2 ' ' '-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside)-7-O-glucopyranosideFigure 3: The structure of Kaempferol-4 '-(6-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside)-3,7-di-O-glucopyranosideFigure 4: The structure of Kaempferol-3-O-sophorosideFigure 5: The structure of Kaempferol-3-O-(2" '-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside)Figure 6: The structure of Kaempferol-3-O-(2" '-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside)Figure 7: The structure of Kaempferol-3-O-glucopyranosideFigure 8: The structure of Kaempferol -3-O-(2 ' ' '-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside)-7-O-(6-O-sinapoyl- glucopyranoside)Figure 9: The structure of Kaempferol-4 '-(6-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside)-3-O-glucopyranosideFigure 10: Schematic overview of the components and workflow of Knowledge-based Identification of Pathway Enzymes (KIPEs). Three different modes allow the screening of polypeptide, transcript, or genome sequences for candidate sequences. Bait sequences and information about functionally relevant amino acids (blue) are derived from the literature-based collections of flavonoid biosynthesis enzymes. One reference sequence per set of bait sequences is used to inspect the positions of functionally relevant amino acid residues. Different modules (light green) are executed consecutively depending on the type of input data. Intermediate results and the final outputs (dark green) are stored to keep the process transparent. Figure from Pucker et al. 2020.Figure 11: BnaFLSl-1 mutant A. thaliana complementation assay - Arabidopsis thaliana flsl complementation lines expressing either the wildtype allele of BnaFLSl-1 or the mutant allele of BnaFLSl-1 described in Table 10. Accumulation of flavonol-, like Kaempferol-, glycosides in silique extracts of BnaFLSl-1 wildtype and BnaFLSl-1 mutant overexpression lines are shown. The extracts were analysed by HPTLC and visualised under UV light after treatment with diphenylboric acid 2- aminoethyl ester (DPBA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000. The A. thaliana wildtype N6-0, the flavonoldeficient chs mutant and the flsl mutant served as controls. Representative pictures are shown, and each numbered column represents an individual transgenic lineFigure 12: BnaFLSl-2 mutant A. thaliana complementation assay - Arabidopsis thaliana flsl complementation lines expressing either the wildtype allele of BnaFLSl-2 or the mutant allele of BnaFLSl-2 described in Table 10. Accumulation of flavonol-, like Kaempferol-, glycosides in silique extracts of BnaFLSl-2 wildtype and BnaFLSl-2 mutant overexpression lines are shown. The extracts were analysed by HPTLC and visualised under UV light after treatment with diphenylboric acid 2- aminoethyl ester (DPBA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000. The A. thaliana wildtype N6-0, the flavonol deficient chs mutant and the flsl mutant served as controls. Representative pictures are shown, and each numbered column represents an individual transgenic line.Definitions

[0083] The term "Brassica plant" refers to a plant belonging to the Brassicaceae family of flowering plants. Preferably, the term "Brassica plants" comprises the amphidiploid Brassica napus (AACC, 2n=38), Brassica juncea (AABB, 2n=36), Brassica carinata (BBCC, 2n=34), and the diploid Brassica rapa (syn. Brassica campestris) (AA, 2n=20), Brassica oleracea (CO, 2n=18), Brassica nigra (BB, 2n=16) or any combination or hybrid thereof. The Brassica plant or part as used herein also includes Brassica plants or part of Canola quality. Canola as used in this application refers to a Brassica plant that produces seeds with oil and meal quality that meets the requirements for a commercial designation as "canola” oil or meal, respectively.

[0084] A "progeny Plant" refers to a plant produced from a parental line by crossing or selfing.

[0085] As used herein, the term "variety" or "cultivar" means a plant grouping within a single botanical taxon of the lowest known rank, which can be defined by the expression of the characteristics resulting from a given genotype or combination of genotypes.

[0086] "Fl, F2, F3, etc." refers to the consecutive related generations following a cross between two parent plants or parent lines. The plants grown from the seeds produced by crossing two plants or lines is called the Fl generation. Selfing the Fl plants results in the F2 generation, etc.

[0087] The term "a llele(s)" means any of one or more alternative forms of a gene at a particular locus, which alleles relate to one trait or characteristic at a specific locus (e.g. secondary branching). In a diploid cell of an organism, alleles of a given gene are located at a specific location, or locus (loci plural) on a chromosome. One allele is present on each chromosome of the pair of homologous chromosomes. A diploid plant species may comprise a large number of different alleles at a particular locus. These may be identical alleles of the gene (homozygous) or two different alleles (heterozygous), e.g., two identical copies of the mutant or one copy of the mutant allele and one copy of the wild type allele, respectively.

[0088] The term "amphidiploid" refers to a plant having the sum of the chromosome numbers of two different parental species, owing to the doubling of the chromosomes in a hybrid of two differentspecies, e.g., Brassica napus is an amphidiploid species with Brassica oleracea and Brassica rapa as parental species.

[0089] The term "gene" means a (genomic) DNA sequence comprising a region which in a cell is transcribed into a primary transcript molecule, subsequently processed into a mRNA, and operably linked 5' and 3' regulatory regions e.g., a promoter). An example is the FLS1-1, or FLS1-2 gene.

[0090] "Mutant allele" refers herein to an allele comprising one or more mutations when compared to the wild type allele. The one or more mutations may be in the nucleic acid sequence for example in the coding sequence or in the associated non-coding sequence and / or regulatory sequence regulating the level of expression of the coding sequence. Such mutation(s) {e.g, insertion, inversion, deletion and / or replacement of one or more nucleotide(s)) may lead to the encoded protein having reduced or increased in vitro and / or in vivo functionality (reduced or increased function) or no in vitro and / or in vivo functionality (loss of function), e.g., due to the protein being truncated or having an amino acid sequence wherein one or more amino acids are deleted, inserted or replaced. Such changes may lead to the protein having a different 3D conformation, being targeted to a different sub-cellular compartment, having one or more modified catalytic domains, having a modified binding activity to nucleic acids or proteins, etc. The "mutant allele" as used herein is present either in heterozygous or homozygous form. The "mutant allele" as used herein is preferably present in homozygous form.

[0091] "Knock-out mutation" refers to a mutation leading to a non-functional gene. In the context of the invention, whether a nucleic acid sequence encodes a functional protein FLS1-1 and / or a functional FLS1-2 protein can be analyzed by recombinant DNA techniques as known in the art, e.g., by a genetic complementation test using, e.g., an Arabidopsis thaliana plant which is homozygous for a mutated nonfunctional FLS1 gene, (flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant) e.g. RIKEN ID: RIKEN_PST16145 (Stracke et al. 2009). FLS1-1 and FLS1-2 mutant alleles are each independently termed knock-out mutation if they fail in a complementation assay to restore the FLS function in the flsl A. thaliana knockout mutant. The embodiments of this complementation are described in the detailed description.

[0092] "Loss of function mutation" as used herein leads to a protein in which the effect of the protein is reduced or entirely absent as compared to the wild type protein.

[0093] The term "wild type Brassica seed" or "wild type Brassica plant or part" refers to a Brassica seed, plant or part having a functional Brassica FLS1-1 gene and having a functional Brassica FLS1-2 gene. The embodiments of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and the wild type Brassica FLS1- 2 gene according to the invention are described in detail in the specific section in the detailed description, below.

[0094] The term "wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene" refers to a functional Brassica FLS1-1 gene as present in the wild type Brassica plant. This means that a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene will be able to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant. The embodiments of the wild type Brassica FLS1- 1 gene according to the invention are described in detail in the specific section in the detailed description, below.

[0095] The term "wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene" refers to a functional Brassica FLS1-2 gene as present in the wild type Brassica plant. This means that a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene will be ableto complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant. The embodiments of the wild type Brassica FLS1- 2 gene according to the invention are described in detail in the specific section in the detailed description, below.

[0096] The term "mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-1 gene" refers to any mutation occurring in the FLS1-1 gene as compared to the wild-type. For example, the mutation can be at least one nucleotide change as compared to the wild type FLS1-1 gene. This nucleotide change may be in the regulatory region or coding region of the FLS1-1 gene. This change may lead to a shorter or longer nucleotide sequence of the FLS1-1 gene by at least one nucleotide. This change may lead to at least one amino acid change as compared to the wild type FLS1-1 protein. For example, the mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-1 gene may lead to a protein that is at least one amino acid shorter as compared to the wild type FLS1-1 protein or at least one amino acid longer as compared to the wild type FLS1-1 protein. For example, the mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-1 gene may lead to the same number of total amino acids as the wild type FLS1-1 protein but may have at least one replacement of an amino acid at least one position in the wild type FLS1-1 protein by a different amino acid. The "mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-1 gene" as used herein is present either in heterozygous or homozygous form. The "mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-1 gene" as used herein is preferably present in homozygous form.

[0097] The term "mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene" refers to any mutation occurring in the FLS1-2 gene as compared to the wild-type. For example, the mutation can be at least one nucleotide change as compared to the wild type FLS1-2 gene. This nucleotide change may be in the regulatory region or coding region of the FLS1-2 gene. This change may lead to a shorter or longer nucleotide sequence of the FLS1-2 gene by at least one nucleotide. This change may lead to at least one amino acid change as compared to the wild type FLS1-2 protein. For example, the mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene may lead to a protein that is at least one amino acid shorter as compared to the wild type FLS1-2 protein or at least one amino acid longer as compared to the wild type FLS1-2 protein. For example, the mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene may lead to the same number of total amino acids as the wild type FLS1-2 protein but may have at least one replacement of an amino acid at least one position in the wild type FLS1-2 protein by a different amino acid. The "mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene" as used herein is present either in heterozygous or homozygous form. The "mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene" as used herein is preferably present in homozygous form.

[0098] The term "mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene" refers to a situation where both, the mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-1 gene and the mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene are present in one plant. This term refers to any mutation occurring in the FLS1-1 gene and the FLS1-2 gene as compared to the wild-type FLS1-1 gene and wildtype FLS1-2 gene, respectively. Throughout the description, the term "mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene" is to be understood as the mutation in the FLS1-1 gene and the mutation in the FLS1-2 gene as being different mutations from each other or the same mutations as each other. For example, this term refers to at least one nucleotide change ascompared to the wild type FLS1-1 gene and at least one nucleotide change as compared to the wild type FLS1-2 gene. The change may be the same change in both FLS1-1 and FLS1-2 genes or different. The nucleotide change of each of FLS1-1 gene and FLS1-2 gene may be independently in the regulatory region or coding region of the FLS1-1 gene and FLS1-2 gene, respectively. Each change in the FLS1-1 gene and the FLS1-2 gene may independently lead to a shorter or longer nucleotide sequence of that gene by at least one nucleotide. This change in the FLS1-1 gene and the FLS1-2 gene may independently lead to at least one amino acid change as compared to the wild type FLS1-1 and / or FLS1-2 protein. For example, the mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene may lead to a protein that is at least one amino acid less as compared to the wild type FLS1-2 protein or at least one amino acid more as compared to the wild type FLS1-2 protein. For example, the mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-1 gene may lead to a protein that is at least one amino acid less as compared to the wild type FLS1-1 protein or at least one amino acid more as compared to the wild type FLS1-1 protein. For example, the mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-1 and FLS1-2 gene independently may lead to the same or different number of total amino acids as the wild type FLS1-1 protein and FLS1-2 protein, respectively, and may have at least one replacement of an amino acid at least one position in the wild type FLS1-1 and FLS1-2 protein, respectively, by a different amino acid. The term "mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene" refers to each of the two mutant alleles either in heterozygous or homozygous forms. Preferably, "mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene" refers to each of the two mutant alleles in homozygous form.

[0099] The term "a mutant allele characterized by" followed by a specific mutation may refer to the mutant allele having only said specific mutation or more than said specific mutation as compared to the wild type. In some embodiments, no other mutation is present as compared to the wild type. For example, "a mutant allele characterized by a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position "X"" means that the stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position "X" is the only mutation in the mutant allele or it could mean that the stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position "X" is not the only mutation in the mutant allele.[000100] The term "induced mutant allele" or "inducing a mutant allele" as used herein refers to any allele of the wild type gene resulting in the trait of the present invention which is produced by human intervention, such as mutagenesis. Preferably, the induced mutant allele cannot be found in plants in the natural population or breeding population.[000101] The word "trait" in the context of this application refers to the phenotype of the plant. In particular, the word "trait" refers to the trait of the invention, for example, total kaempferol content as defined in the present invention being reduced or increased by a certain amount, percentage etc. The total kaempferol content is characterized by in the context of the present invention by numerous embodiments such as for example the total content of K30SS.[000102] The terms "protein”, "peptide sequence", "amino acid sequence" or "polypeptide" are used interchangeably and refer to molecules consisting of a chain of amino acids, without reference toa specific mode of action, size, 3-dimensional structure or origin. A "fragment" or "portion" of a protein may thus still be referred to as a "protein".[000103] An "active protein" or "functional protein" is a protein which has protein activity as measurable in vitro, e.g, by an in vitro activity assay, and / or in vivo, e.g. by the phenotype conferred by the protein.[000104] A "mutation" in a nucleic acid molecule is a change of one or more nucleotides compared to the wild type sequence, e.g., by replacement, deletion or insertion of one or more nucleotides.[000105] A "mutation" in an amino acid molecule making up a protein is a change of one or more amino acids compared to the wild type sequence, e.g., by replacement, deletion or insertion of one or more amino acids. Such a protein is then also referred to as a "mutant protein".[000106] A "point mutation" is the replacement of a single nucleotide, or the insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide.[000107] A "nonsense mutation" or "stop codon mutation" is a (point) mutation in a nucleic acid sequence encoding a protein, whereby a codon in a nucleic acid molecule is changed into a stop codon. This results in a pre-mature stop codon being present in the mRNA and results in translation of a truncated protein. A truncated protein may have decreased function or loss of function. The terms "stop codon mutation" and "nonsense mutation" are used interchangeably here.[000108] A "missense or non-synonymous mutation" is a (point) mutation in a nucleic acid sequence encoding a protein, whereby a codon is changed to code for a different amino acid. The resulting protein may have decreased function or loss of function.[000109] A "splice-site mutation" is a mutation in a nucleic acid sequence encoding a protein, whereby RIMA splicing of the pre-mRNA is changed, resulting in an mRNA having a different nucleotide sequence and a protein having a different amino acid sequence than the wild type. The resulting protein may have decreased function or loss of function.[000110] A "frame shift mutation" is a mutation in a nucleic acid sequence encoding a protein by which the reading frame of the mRNA is changed, resulting in a different amino acid sequence. The resulting protein may have decreased function or loss of function.[000111] A "deletion" in context of the invention shall mean that anywhere in a given nucleic acid sequence at least one nucleotide is missing compared to the nucleic sequence of the corresponding wild type sequence or anywhere in a given amino acid sequence at least one amino acid is missing compared to the amino acid sequence of the corresponding (wild type) sequence.[000112] An "inversion" in context of the invention shall mean a mutation wherein in a given nucleic acid sequence the nucleotide sequence of a fragment of at least 3 or more nucleotides is reversed when compared to the wild type nucleotide sequence.[000113] A "duplication" in context of the invention shall mean a mutation wherein the nucleotide sequence of a fragment of at least 3 or more nucleotides in a given nucleic acid sequence is duplicated when compared to the wild type nucleotide sequence. The duplicated fragment may comprise one or more whole genes. The duplicated fragment may further comprise one or more regulatory regions.Furthermore, the fragment may be duplicated within the same chromosome of the genome or may be duplicated on a different chromosome within the genome.[000114] A "translocation" in context of the invention shall mean a mutation wherein in a given nucleic acid sequence the nucleotide sequence of a fragment of at least 3 or more nucleotides is deleted from one locus in the genome and inserted at a different locus in the genome when compared to the wild type nucleotide sequence. The translocated fragment of at least 3 or more nucleotides may comprise one or more whole genes. The translocated fragment of at least 3 or more nucleotides may further comprise one or more regulatory regions. Furthermore, the fragment may be translocated within the same chromosome of the genome or may be translocated on a different chromosome within the genome.[000115] A "truncation" refers to a protein that is shorter than the full-length version due to premature termination of its synthesis during translation. This could be for example due to a nonsense mutation or a stop codon mutation in the nucleic acid sequence that codes for said protein. "Replacement" shall mean that at least one nucleotide in a nucleic acid sequence or one amino acid in a protein sequence is different compared to the corresponding wild type nucleic acid sequence or the corresponding wild type amino acid sequence, respectively, due to an exchange of a nucleotide in the coding sequence of the respective protein.[000116] "Insertion" shall mean that the nucleic acid sequence or the amino acid sequence of a protein comprises at least one additional nucleotide or amino acid compared to the corresponding wild type nucleic acid sequence or the corresponding wild type amino acid sequence, respectively.[000117] "Pre-mature stop codon" in context with the present invention means that a stop codon is present in a coding sequence (cds) which is closer to the start codon at the 5'-end compared to the stop codon of a corresponding wild type coding sequence.[000118] A "mutation in a regulatory sequence", e.g., in a promoter or enhancer of a gene, is a change of one or more nucleotides compared to the wild type sequence, e.g. by replacement, deletion or insertion of one or more nucleotides, leading for example to decreased or no mRNA transcript of the gene being made.[000119] The "promoter" accordingly is defined as a region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene. Promoters are located near the genes they transcribe, on the same strand and upstream on the DNA. Promoters can be about 100-1000 base pairs long. In one aspect, the promoter is defined as the region of about 2000 base pairs or more upstream (i.e in 5' direction) of the start codon (i.e., ATG) of the protein encoded by the gene, preferably, the promoter is the region of about 1500 base pairs upstream of the start codon, more preferably the promoter is the region of about 1000 base pairs upstream of the start codon.[000120] "Epigenetic modification" refers to altered gene expression associated with alternative chromatin and / or methylation states superimposed upon an unchanged primary DNA sequence.[000121] "Gene expression" refers to the production of the RNA or protein encoded by the gene. For protein encoding genes, this involves transcription of the gene into RNA and translation of the RNAinto protein. Gene expression can be monitored by examining RIMA levels, examining transcription rates, or by measuring protein levels.[000122] "Methylation" refers to a process by which methyl groups are added to certain nucleotides in genomic DNA. Methylation of DNA is often associated with reduced gene activity.[000123] The term "food" is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support. According to the present invention, the origin is purely plant and more specifically Brassica plant or part such as Brassica seed or processed fractions of seeds.[000124] "TILLING" as used herein comprises introduction of mutations, even random mutations, and then screening for mutations, exhibited as mismatch complexes in heteroduplex DNA, in the mutagenized resultant DNA. Various embodiments of TILLING are described as comprising mutagenesis, for example using a chemical mutagen such as Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), ethidium bromide, or other point mutant, with a DNA screening-technique, such as a technique that identifies mutations such as insertions, deletions or single base mutations (also called point mutations) in a gene or locus of interest. Some embodiments of the method rely on the formation and detection of DNA heteroduplexes as described in TILL et / 2003.[000125] "in-silico TILLING" is used for an approach where the genomes of a collection of randomly mutated plant lines are re-sequenced. The stored sequence data are used to detect mutations in a certain gene of interest. The physical presence of the mutation in the plant line is verified by PCR using mutation specific primers.[000126] "CRISPR” as used herein, refers to a system of targeted mutagenesis derived from a eubacterial and archaeal bacterial defense system. A CRISPR system e.g., CRISPR / Cas, in particular CRISPR / Cas9 or CRISPR / Cpfl, CRISPR / CasX, CRISPR / CasY, CRISPR / Csml or CRISPR / MAD7) comprising a nuclease complexed with a synthetic guide RNA (gRNA) is introduced into a cell, such that the cell's genome or other nucleic acids can be cut at a desired location, thereby introducing deletions, frame-shifts or other mutations into a locus, or by using new eucaryotic OMEGA-like programmable RNA-directed endonucleases (e.g., Fanzor), see Saito et al. 2023.[000127] The term "zinc-finger nuclease", as used in accordance with the present invention, refers to a fusion protein consisting of the non-specific cleavage domain of a nuclease, preferably an endonuclease and most preferably a restriction endonuclease, and a DNA-binding domain consisting of zinc-finger motifs. The term "zinc-finger nuclease", as used herein, refers to a functional zinc-finger nuclease that essentially retains the enzymatic activity of the nuclease. The use of zinc-finger proteins for the creation of zinc-finger nucleases that recognize and cleave a specific target sequence depends on the reliable creation of zinc-finger proteins that can specifically recognize said particular target.[000128] The term "oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis" or "site-directed mutagenesis" as used herein refers to a method of making specific and intentional changes to a DNA sequence using methods of molecular biology. These methods may include genome editing, PCR-based site-directed mutagenesis, overhang or overlap PCR cloning methods, or de novo nucleic acid molecule synthesis.[000129] "Synthetic antisense oligonucleotides" is a tool to regulate the expression of specific genes. These are synthetic single-stranded DNA analogs; usually 15-30 base pairs in length, whosesequence (3' to 5') is antisense and complementary to the sense sequence of the target nucleotide (mRNA) hence called antisense oligonucleotides. They selectively bind to specific pre-messenger ribonucleic acid (pre-mRNA) / mRNA sequences and alter protein synthesis by several mechanisms.[000130] RNA interference (RNAi) is a tool in which RNA molecules are involved in sequencespecific suppression of gene expression by double-stranded RNA, through translational or transcriptional repression.[000131] "Average" or "mean" refers herein to the arithmetic mean and both terms are used interchangeably. The term "average" or "mean" thus refers to the arithmetic mean of several measurements. The skilled person understands that the phenotype of a plant line or variety depends to some extent on growing conditions and that, therefore, arithmetic means of at least 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 30, 0, 50 or more plants (or plant parts) are measured, preferably in randomized experimental designs with several replicates and suitable control plants grown under the same conditions in the same experiment.[000132] "Meal", or meal fraction, as used herein, refers to the remaining fraction of the seed content after extraction of the oil and consists mainly of protein.[000133] A "press cake", as used herein, refers to the state of the seed meal after it has gone through the flaking and cooking stage and has been mechanically pressed to extrude the bulk of the oil. The term refers to the physical character of the meal at this stage, which has been compressed into a cake-like mass rich in protein and still containing appreciable residual oil.[000134] "Feed", or animal feed, as used herein, refers to those processed formulations that are fed to livestock, as opposed to those sources of nutrition that animals may forage for themselves. Animal feeds are formulated to provide optimum nutrition for particular applications, such as maximizing weight gain and meat quality of beef cattle in the feed lot or maximizing milk production of lactating dairy cattle. For poultry, feeds may be formulated to provide a consistent nutritional source to supplement or even replace the variable nutritional quality obtained through foraging. While the composition of feeds may vary greatly based on animal, application and geography, a constant requirement is the addition of supplements to the base feed to improve its protein content.[000135] "Phenol" as used herein represents a group of antinutritional components present in Brassica plant or part thereof. Phenolic compounds and their involvement in many processes which impact plant fitness (Auger et al. 2010; Wang et al. 2018b). Phenolics can be beneficial for human health due to their antioxidant activity. On the other hand, phenolics can (i) impair digestibility, (ii) cause undesired dark color, and (iii) cause bitter off-taste derived from kaempferol-derivatives (Auger et al. 2010; Hald et al. 2019). The term "total phenol content" and the terms reduced or increase in total phenol content refers to reduction or increase, respectively of at least one phenol compound, which would inevitably reduce the total phenol content of the brassica plant or part thereof.[000136] "Flavonoid" as used herein are a major group of phenolics and belong to a diverse class of plant specialized metabolites comprising over 9,000 different substances (Williams and Grayer 2004; Grotewold 2006). They are derived from flavonoid biosynthesis which branch of from the phenylalanine- based general phenylpropanoid pathway (Hahlbrock and Scheel 1989). Flavonoids are classified indifferent subgroups, namely chaicones, flavones, flavandiols, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins (PAs), aurones, and flavonols (Winkel- Shirley 2001). The term "total flavonoid content" and the terms reduced or increase in total flavonoid content refers to reduction or increase, respectively, of at least one flavonoid compound, which would inevitably reduce the total flavonoid content of the brassica plant or part thereof.[000137] "Flavonols" as used herein are the largest subgroup of flavonoids, mainly due to a plethora of glycosylation patterns (Zhang et al. 2013). They are classified in e.g., kaempferols and quercetins depending on the hydroxylation pattern of the B ring (Winkel-Shirley 2001). Flavonols are colorless for the human eye but absorb in the ultraviolet (UV) range. After light treatment, they accumulate in their glycosylated form in the vacuole of epidermal and mesophyll cells or on occasion in epicuticular waxes (Weisshaar and Jenkins 1998; Winkel-Shirley 2001; Agati et al. 2009). Their biosynthesis is largely influenced by environmental cues such as temperature and UV light (Winkel- Shirley 2002; Olsen et al. 2009). Flavonols have several physiological functions in plants including antimicrobial properties, UV protection, modulation of auxin transport, male fertility, and flower pigmentation together with anthocyanins (Harborne and Williams 2000; Peer and Murphy 2007). The term "total flavonol content" and the terms reduced or increase in total flavonol content refers to reduction or increase, respectively, of at least one flavonol compound, which would inevitably reduce the total flavonol content of the Brassica plant or part thereof.[000138] "Kaempferols" as used herein is a classification of flavonols. Kaempferols have the basic structure as shown below.The term "total kaempferol content" refers to the sum of all kaempferols. The terms reduced or increased total kaempferol content refers to reduction or increase, respectively, of at least one kaempferol compound, which would inevitably reduce the total kaempferol content of the Brassica plant or part thereof. The term altered total kaempferol content refers to either a reduction or increase in the total kaempferol content by a reduction or increase of at least one kaempferol compound, which would inevitably alter the total kaempferol content of the Brassica plant or part thereof. The embodiments of the kaempferol content, or the total kaempferol content according to the invention are described in detail in the specific section in the detailed description, below.[000139] The term "total K3OSS content" refers only to the entire content of K3OSS (Kaempferol- 3-O-(2 ' "-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside)) and does not include variants of K3OSS or any other kaempferol compound. For example, "total K30SS content of a Brassica napus seed" refers only to the entire content of K30SS in the Brassica napus seed and does not include the content of any other variant of K3OSS, or another kaempferol compound.[000140] The term "total kaempferol content wherein kaempferol content refers to K3Soph7Glc, K3OSS7GIC, K4GlcSin3,7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc, K3Glc, K3Glc4SinGlc and K3OSS7SinGlc" is only the sum total of all of these kaempferols and does not include any other kaempferol compound in the sum. In other words, the "total kaempferol content" consists of the total content of each of K3Soph7Glc, K3OSS7GIC, K4GlcSin3,7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc, K3Glc, K3Glc4SinGlc and K3OSS7SinGlc.[000141] The term "total kaempferol content wherein kaempferol content refers to one or more of K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc," is the total content of at least one of these kaempferols and does not include any other kaempferol compound, or sum total of two, three, or all four of these kaempferols and does not include any other kaempferol compound in the sum.[000142] "Bitter taste intensity" as used herein refers to a value ranging from 0 to 5 that determines the bitter taste by at least two human adults, wherein 0 is no bitter taste detect and 5 is intense bitter taste detected. Bitter taste intensity in the context of the present application is calculate in the same way as in Hald et al. 2019.Detailed description of the inventionWild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and FLS1-2 gene[000143] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the Brassica plant or part thereof as described above is selected from a group consisting of Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea, Brassica juncea, Brassica carinata, and Brassica nigra or any combination or hybrid thereof. In some embodiments, the Brassica plant or part thereof is not Brassica rapa. In some embodiments, the Brassica plant or part thereof as described above is Brassica napus.[000144] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the Brassica plant or part thereof as described above is selected from a group consisting of Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea, Brassica juncea, Brassica carinata, and Brassica nigra or any combination or hybrid thereof. In some embodiments, the Brassica plant or part thereof as described above is Brassica napus.[000145] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1- 2 gene. In some embodiments, the Brassica plant or part thereof as described above is selected from a group consisting of Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea, Brassica juncea, Brassica carinata, and Brassica nigra or any combination or hybrid thereof. In some embodiments, the Brassica plant orpart thereof is not Brassica rapa. In some embodiments, the Brassica plant or part thereof as described above is Brassica napus.[000146] In some embodiments, a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is any Brassica FLS1-1 gene that is able to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant.[000147] In some embodiments, a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is any Brassica FLS1-1 gene that is able to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant, wherein complementing the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant is characterized by restoring the activity and / or presence of one or more of the following kaempferols:(i) kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3R-7R),(ii) kaempferol-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3G-7R),(iii) kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnosid-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-R]-7R),(iv) kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-G]-7R).[000148] In some embodiments, a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is any Brassica FLS1-1 gene that is able to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant as measured by a bioconversion assay based on HPTLC using extracts from E. coli expressing the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene.[000149] In some embodiments, a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is any Brassica FLS1-1 gene that is able to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant, wherein complementing the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant is characterized by restoring the activity and / or presence of one or more of the following kaempferols:(i) kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3R-7R),(ii) kaempferol-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3G-7R),(iii) kaempferol-3-O-rhamnosyl-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-R]-7R),(iv) kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-G]-7R), as measured by a bioconversion assay based on HPTLC using extracts from E. coli expressing the wild type Brassica napus FLS1-1 gene.[000150] SEQ ID NO: 1 provides an amino acid sequence of wild type Brassica napus FLS1-1 protein encoded by wild type Brassica napus FLS1-1 gene.[000151] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene" as used herein is defined by a nucleotide sequence encoding an amino acid sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1.[000152] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene" as used herein is defined by a nucleotide sequence encoding an amino acid sequence having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1.[000153] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene" as used herein is defined by a nucleotide sequence encoding an amino acid sequence having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1.[000154] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene" as used herein is defined by a nucleotide sequence encoding an amino acid sequence having 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1.[000155] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene" as used herein is defined by a nucleotide sequence encoding an amino acid sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1 and comprising a proline at position 45, a leucine at position 49, a valine at position 61, a tryptophan at position 67, a glycine at position 68, a phenylalanine at position 70, a valine at positions 72 and 73, a histidine at position 75, a glycine at position 76, a leucine at position 81, a phenylalanine at positions 92 and 93, a leucine at position 95, a proline at position 96, a glycine at position 114, a tryptophan at position 129, a proline at position 139, a tryptophan at position 148, a proline at position 149, a valine at position 158, a glutamic acid at positions 160 and 161, a tyrosine at position 162, a leucine at position 169, a leucine at position 177, a serine at position 178, a glycine at position 182, a leucine at position 183, a leucine at position 188, a proline at position 207 and 210, a glycine at position 217, a histidine at position 221, a threonine at position 222, an aspartic acid at position 223, a glycine at position 237, a leucine at position 238, a glutamine at position 239, a tryptophan at position 246, a valine at position 258, an aspartic acid at position 262, a tryptophan at position 290, and a glutamic acid at position 306.[000156] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene" as used herein is defined by a nucleotide sequence encoding an amino acid sequence having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1 and comprising a proline at position 45, a leucine at position 49, a valine at position 61, a tryptophan at position 67, a glycine at position 68, a phenylalanine at position 70, a valine at positions 72 and 73, a histidine at position 75, a glycine at position 76, a leucine at position 81, a phenylalanine at positions 92 and 93, a leucine at position 95, a proline at position 96, a glycine at position 114, a tryptophan at position 129, a proline at position 139, a tryptophan at position 148, a proline at position 149, a valine at position 158, a glutamic acid at positions 160 and 161, a tyrosine at position 162, a leucine at position 169, a leucine at position 177, a serine at position 178, a glycine at position 182, a leucine at position 183, a leucine at position 188, a proline at position 207 and 210, a glycine at position 217, a histidine at position 221, a threonine at position 222, an aspartic acid at position 223, a glycine at position 237, a leucine at position 238, a glutamine at position 239, a tryptophan at position 246, a valine at position 258, an aspartic acid at position 262, a tryptophan at position 290, and a glutamic acid at position 306.[000157] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene" as used herein is defined by a nucleotide sequence encoding an amino acid sequence having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1 and comprising a proline at position 45, a leucine at position 49, a valine at position 61, a tryptophan at position 67, a glycine at position 68, a phenylalanine at position 70, a valine at positions 72 and 73, a histidine at position 75, a glycine at position 76, a leucine at position 81, a phenylalanine at positions 92 and 93, a leucine at position 95, a proline at position 96, a glycine at position 114, a tryptophan at position 129, a proline at position 139, a tryptophan at position 148, a proline at position 149, a valine at position 158, a glutamic acid at positions 160 and 161, a tyrosine at position 162, a leucine at position 169, a leucine at position 177, a serine at position 178, a glycine at position 182, a leucine at position 183, a leucine at position 188, a proline at position 207 and 210, a glycine at position 217, a histidine at position 221, a threonine at position 222, an aspartic acid at position 223, a glycineat position 237, a leucine at position 238, a glutamine at position 239, a tryptophan at position 246, a valine at position 258, an aspartic acid at position 262, a tryptophan at position 290, and a glutamic acid at position 306.[000158] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene" as used herein is defined by a nucleotide sequence encoding an amino acid sequence having 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1.[000159] SEQ ID NO: 3 provides a nucleotide sequence of wild type Brassica napus FLS1-1 gene.[000160] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene" as used herein is defined by a nucleotide sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 3.[000161] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene" as used herein is defined by a nucleotide sequence having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 3.[000162] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene" as used herein is defined by a nucleotide sequence having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 3.[000163] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene" as used herein is defined by a nucleotide sequence having 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 3.[000164] In some embodiments, a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is any Brassica FLS1-2 gene that is able to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant.[000165] In some embodiments, a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is any Brassica FLS1-2 gene that is able to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant, wherein complementing the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant is characterized by restoring the activity and / or presence of one or more of the following kaempferols:(i) kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3R-7R),(ii) kaempferol-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3G-7R),(iii) kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnosid-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-R]-7R),(iv) kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-G]-7R).[000166] In some embodiments, a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is any Brassica FLS1-2 gene that is able to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant as measured by a bioconversion assay based on HPTLC using extracts from E. coli expressing the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene.[000167] In some embodiments, a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is any Brassica FLS1-2 gene that is able to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant, wherein complementing the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant is characterized by restoring the activity and / or presence of one or more of the following kaempferols:(i) kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3R-7R),(ii) kaempferol-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3G-7R),(iii) kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnosid-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-R]-7R),(iv) kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-G]-7R),[000168] as measured by a bioconversion assay based on HPTLC using extracts from E. coli expressing the wild type Brassica napus FLS1-2 gene.[000169] SEQ ID NO: 2 provides an amino acid sequence of wild type Brassica napus FLS1-2 protein encoded by wild type Brassica napus FLS1-2 gene.[000170] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene" as used herein is defined by a nucleotide sequence encoding an amino acid sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1.[000171] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene" as used herein is defined by a nucleotide sequence encoding an amino acid sequence having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1.[000172] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene" as used herein is defined by a nucleotide sequence encoding an amino acid sequence having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1.[000173] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene" as used herein is defined by a nucleotide sequence encoding an amino acid sequence having 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1.[000174] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene" as used herein is defined by a nucleotide sequence encoding an amino acid sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2 and comprising a proline at position 45, a leucine at position 49, a valine at position 61, a tryptophan at position 67, a glycine at position 68, a phenylalanine at position 70, a valine at positions 72 and 73, a histidine at position 75, a glycine at position 76, a leucine at position 81, a phenylalanine at positions 92 and 93, a leucine at position 95, a proline at position 96, a glycine at position 114, a tryptophan at position 129, a proline at position 139, a tryptophan at position 148, a proline at position 149, a valine at position 158, a glutamic acid at positions 160 and 161, a tyrosine at position 162, a leucine at position 169, a leucine at position 177, a serine at position 178, a glycine at position 182, a leucine at position 183, a leucine at position 188, a proline at position 207 and 210, a glycine at position 217, a histidine at position 221, a threonine at position 222, an aspartic acid at position 223, a glycine at position 237, a leucine at position 238, a glutamine at position 239, a tryptophan at position 246, a valine at position 258, an aspartic acid at position 262, a tryptophan at position 290, and a glutamic acid at position 306.[000175] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene" as used herein is defined by a nucleotide sequence encoding an amino acid sequence having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2 and comprising a proline at position 45, a leucine at position 49, a valine at position 61, a tryptophan at position 67, a glycine at position 68, a phenylalanine at position 70, a valine at positions 72 and 73, a histidine at position 75, a glycine at position 76, a leucine at position 81, a phenylalanine at positions 92 and 93, a leucine at position 95, a proline at position 96, a glycine at position 114, a tryptophan at position 129, a proline at position 139, a tryptophan at position 148, a proline at position 149, a valine at position 158, a glutamic acid at positions 160 and 161, a tyrosine at position 162, a leucine at position 169, a leucine at position 177, a serine at position 178, a glycine at position 182, a leucine at position 183, a leucine at position 188, a proline at position 207 and 210, a glycine at position 217, a histidine at position 221, a threonine at position 222, an aspartic acid at position 223, a glycineat position 237, a leucine at position 238, a glutamine at position 239, a tryptophan at position 246, a valine at position 258, an aspartic acid at position 262, a tryptophan at position 290, and a glutamic acid at position 306.[000176] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene" as used herein is defined by a nucleotide sequence encoding an amino acid sequence having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2 and comprising a proline at position 45, a leucine at position 49, a valine at position 61, a tryptophan at position 67, a glycine at position 68, a phenylalanine at position 70, a valine at positions 72 and 73, a histidine at position 75, a glycine at position 76, a leucine at position 81, a phenylalanine at positions 92 and 93, a leucine at position 95, a proline at position 96, a glycine at position 114, a tryptophan at position 129, a proline at position 139, a tryptophan at position 148, a proline at position 149, a valine at position 158, a glutamic acid at positions 160 and 161, a tyrosine at position 162, a leucine at position 169, a leucine at position 177, a serine at position 178, a glycine at position 182, a leucine at position 183, a leucine at position 188, a proline at position 207 and 210, a glycine at position 217, a histidine at position 221, a threonine at position 222, an aspartic acid at position 223, a glycine at position 237, a leucine at position 238, a glutamine at position 239, a tryptophan at position 246, a valine at position 258, an aspartic acid at position 262, a tryptophan at position 290, and a glutamic acid at position 306.[000177] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene" as used herein is defined by a nucleotide sequence encoding an amino acid sequence having 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2.[000178] SEQ ID NO: 4 provides a nucleotide sequence of wild type Brassica napus FLS1-2 gene.[000179] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene" as used herein is defined by a nucleotide sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 4.[000180] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene" as used herein is defined by a nucleotide sequence having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 4.[000181] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene" as used herein is defined by a nucleotide sequence having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 4.[000182] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene" as used herein is defined by a nucleotide sequence having 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 4.Wild type Brassica FLS1-1 protein and FLS1-2 protein[000183] In some embodiments, a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 protein is any Brassica FLS1-1 protein that is able to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant.[000184] In some embodiments, a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 protein is any Brassica FLS1-1 protein that is able to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant, wherein complementing the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant is characterized by restoring the activity and / or presence of one or more of the following kaempferols:(i) kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3R-7R),(ii) kaempferol-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3G-7R),(iii) kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnosid-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-R]-7R),(iv) kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-G]-7R).[000185] In some embodiments, a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 protein is any Brassica FLS1-1 protein that is able to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant as measured by a bioconversion assay based on HPTLC using extracts from E. coli expressing the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 protein.[000186] In some embodiments, a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 protein is any Brassica FLS1-1 protein that is able to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant, wherein complementing the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant is characterized by restoring the activity and / or presence of one or more of the following kaempferols:(i) kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3R-7R),(ii) kaempferol-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3G-7R),(iii) kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnosid-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-R]-7R),(iv) kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-G]-7R),as measured by a bioconversion assay based on HPTLC using extracts from E. coli expressing the wild type Brassica napus FLS1-1 protein.[000187] SEQ ID NO: 1 provides an amino acid sequence of ta wild type Brassica napus FLS1-1 protein.[000188] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-1 protein" as used herein is defined by an amino acid sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1.[000189] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-1 protein" as used herein is defined by an amino acid sequence having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1.[000190] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-1 protein" as used herein is defined by an amino acid sequence having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1.[000191] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-1 protein" as used herein is defined by an amino acid sequence having 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1.[000192] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-1 protein" as used herein is defined by an amino acid sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1 and comprising a proline at position 45, a leucine at position 49, a valine at position 61, a tryptophan at position 67, a glycine at position 68, a phenylalanine at position 70, a valine at positions 72 and 73, a histidine at position 75, a glycine at position 76, a leucine at position 81, a phenylalanine at positions 92 and 93, a leucine at position 95, a proline at position 96, a glycine at position 114, a tryptophan at position 129, a proline at position 139, a tryptophan at position 148, a proline at position 149, a valine at position 158, a glutamic acid at positions 160 and 161, a tyrosine at position 162, a leucine at position 169, a leucine at position 177, a serine at position 178, a glycine at position 182, a leucine at position 183, a leucine at position 188, a proline at position 207 and 210, a glycine at position 217, a histidine at position 221, a threonine at position 222, an aspartic acid at position 223, a glycine at position 237, a leucine at position 238, a glutamine at position 239, a tryptophan at position 246, a valine at position 258, an aspartic acid at position 262, a tryptophan at position 290, and a glutamic acid at position 306.[000193] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-1 protein" as used herein is defined by an amino acid sequence having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1 and comprising a proline at position 45, a leucine at position 49, a valine at position 61, a tryptophan at position 67, a glycine at position 68, a phenylalanine at position 70, a valine at positions 72 and 73, a histidine at position 75, a glycine at position 76, a leucine at position 81, a phenylalanine at positions 92 and 93, a leucine at position 95, a proline at position 96, a glycine at position 114, a tryptophan at position 129, a proline at position 139, a tryptophan at position 148, a proline at position 149, a valine at position 158, a glutamic acid at positions 160 and 161, a tyrosine at position 162, a leucine at position 169, a leucine at position 177, a serine at position 178, a glycine at position 182, a leucine at position 183, a leucine at position 188, a proline at position 207 and 210, a glycine at position 217, a histidine at position 221, a threonine at position 222, an aspartic acid at position 223, a glycine at position 237, a leucine at position 238, a glutamine at position 239, a tryptophan at position 246, a valine at position 258, an aspartic acid at position 262, a tryptophan at position 290, and a glutamic acid at position 306.[000194] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-1 protein" as used herein is defined by an amino acid sequence having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1 and comprising a proline at position 45, a leucine at position 49, a valine at position 61, a tryptophan at position 67, a glycine at position 68, a phenylalanine at position 70, a valine at positions 72 and 73, a histidine at position 75, a glycine at position 76, a leucine at position 81, a phenylalanine at positions 92 and 93, a leucine at position 95, a proline at position 96, a glycine at position 114, a tryptophan at position 129, a proline at position 139, a tryptophan at position 148, a proline at position 149, a valine at position 158, a glutamic acid at positions 160 and 161, a tyrosine at position 162, a leucine at position 169, a leucine at position 177, a serine at position 178, a glycine at position 182, a leucine at position 183, a leucine at position 188, a proline at position 207 and 210, a glycine at position 217, a histidine at position 221, a threonine at position 222, an aspartic acid at position 223, a glycine at position 237, a leucine at position 238, a glutamine at position 239, a tryptophan at position 246, a valine at position 258, an aspartic acid at position 262, a tryptophan at position 290, and a glutamic acid at position 306.[000195] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene" as used herein is defined by a nucleotide sequence encoding an amino acid sequence having 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1.[000196] In some embodiments, a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein is any Brassica FLS1-2 protein that is able to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant.[000197] In some embodiments, a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein is any Brassica FLS1-2 protein that is able to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant, wherein complementing the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant is characterized by restoring the activity and / or presence of one or more of the following kaempferols:(i) kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3R-7R),(ii) kaempferol-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3G-7R),(iii) kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnosid-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-R]-7R),(iv) kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-G]-7R).[000198] In some embodiments, a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein is any Brassica FLS1-2 protein that is able to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant as measured by a bioconversion assay based on HPTLC using extracts from E. coli expressing the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein.[000199] In some embodiments, a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein is any Brassica FLS1-2 protein that is able to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant, wherein complementing the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant is characterized by restoring the activity and / or presence of one or more of the following kaempferols:(i) kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3R-7R),(ii) kaempferol-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3G-7R),(iii) kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnosid-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-R]-7R),(iv) kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-G]-7R), as measured by a bioconversion assay based on HPTLC using extracts from E. coli expressing the wild type Brassica napus FLS1-2 protein.[000200] SEQ ID NO: 2 provides an amino acid sequence of a wild type Brassica napus FLS1-2 protein.[000201] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein" as used herein is defined by an amino acid sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2[000202] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein" as used herein is defined by an amino acid sequence having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2[000203] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein" as used herein is defined by an amino acid sequence having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2[000204] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein" as used herein is defined by an amino acid sequence having 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2[000205] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein" as used herein is defined by an amino acid sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2 and comprising a proline at position 45, a leucine at position 49, a valine at position 61, a tryptophan at position 67, a glycine at position 68, a phenylalanine at position 70, a valine at positions 72 and 73, a histidine at position 75, a glycine at position 76, a leucine at position 81, a phenylalanine at positions 92 and 93, a leucine at position 95, a proline at position 96, a glycine at position 114, a tryptophan at position 129, a proline at position 139, a tryptophan at position 148, a proline at position 149, a valine at position 158, a glutamic acid at positions 160 and 161, a tyrosine at position 162, a leucine at position 169, a leucine at position 177, a serine at position 178, a glycine at position 182, a leucine at position 183, a leucine at position 188, a proline at position 207 and 210, a glycine at position 217, a histidine at position 221, a threonine at position 222, an aspartic acid at position 223, a glycine at position 237, a leucine at position 238, a glutamine at position 239, a tryptophan at position 246, a valine at position 258, an aspartic acid at position 262, a tryptophan at position 290, and a glutamic acid at position 306.[000206] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein" as used herein is defined by an amino acid sequence having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2 and comprising a proline at position 45, a leucine at position 49, a valine at position 61, a tryptophan at position 67, aglycine at position 68, a phenylalanine at position 70, a valine at positions 72 and 73, a histidine at position 75, a glycine at position 76, a leucine at position 81, a phenylalanine at positions 92 and 93, a leucine at position 95, a proline at position 96, a glycine at position 114, a tryptophan at position 129, a proline at position 139, a tryptophan at position 148, a proline at position 149, a valine at position 158, a glutamic acid at positions 160 and 161, a tyrosine at position 162, a leucine at position 169, a leucine at position 177, a serine at position 178, a glycine at position 182, a leucine at position 183, a leucine at position 188, a proline at position 207 and 210, a glycine at position 217, a histidine at position 221, a threonine at position 222, an aspartic acid at position 223, a glycine at position 237, a leucine at position 238, a glutamine at position 239, a tryptophan at position 246, a valine at position 258, an aspartic acid at position 262, a tryptophan at position 290, and a glutamic acid at position 306.[000207] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein" as used herein is defined by an amino acid sequence having at least 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2 and comprising a proline at position 45, a leucine at position 49, a valine at position 61, a tryptophan at position 67, a glycine at position 68, a phenylalanine at position 70, a valine at positions 72 and 73, a histidine at position 75, a glycine at position 76, a leucine at position 81, a phenylalanine at positions 92 and 93, a leucine at position 95, a proline at position 96, a glycine at position 114, a tryptophan at position 129, a proline at position 139, a tryptophan at position 148, a proline at position 149, a valine at position 158, a glutamic acid at positions 160 and 161, a tyrosine at position 162, a leucine at position 169, a leucine at position 177, a serine at position 178, a glycine at position 182, a leucine at position 183, a leucine at position 188, a proline at position 207 and 210, a glycine at position 217, a histidine at position 221, a threonine at position 222, an aspartic acid at position 223, a glycine at position 237, a leucine at position 238, a glutamine at position 239, a tryptophan at position 246, a valine at position 258, an aspartic acid at position 262, a tryptophan at position 290, and a glutamic acid at position 306.[000208] In some embodiments, a "wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein" as used herein is defined by an amino acid sequence having 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2Kaempferols[000209] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000210] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000211] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1- 2 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000212] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is reduced as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000213] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is increased as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000214] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1- 2 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is reduced as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000215] In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols.[000216] In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3.[000217] In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3 such as glycosyl and / or sinapoyl moieties at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3.[000218] In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising at least one sophoroside moiety. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising at least one glucopyranoside moiety. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising at least one glucopyranoside moiety and at least one sophoroside moiety. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising at least one sophoroside moiety comprising a sinapoyl group. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising at least oneglucopyranoside moiety comprising a sinapoyl group. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising only a 3-sophoroside moiety. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 3-sophoroside moiety comprising a sinapoyl group. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 7-glucopyranoside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 7- glucopyranoside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety in which the 3-sophoroside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 7-glucopyranoside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety in which the 7- glucopyranoside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 7-glucopyranoside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety in which both comprise a sinapoyl group. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising three glucopyranoside moieties. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 3-, 4' and 5- glucopyranoside moiety. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 3-, 4' and 5- glucopyranoside moiety in which at least one glucopyranoside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 3-, 4' and 5- glucopyranoside moiety in which the 4'-glucopyranoside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising only a 3- g I ucopyra noside moiety. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 3-g I ucopyra noside moiety and a 4'- glucopyranoside moiety in which the 4'- glucopyranoside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group.[000219] In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 7-glucopyranoside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety in which the 3-sophoroside moiety does not comprise a sinapoyl group.[000220] In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 3-sophoroside moiety in which the 3-sophoroside moiety may or may not comprise a sinapoyl group and in which no glucopyranoside moiety is present.[000221] In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 3-sophoroside moiety that does not comprise a sinapoyl group and a glucopyranoside moiety that comprises a sinapoyl group.[000222] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1- 2 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is reduced as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising at least one of(i) at least one sophoroside moiety,(ii) at least one glucopyranoside moiety,(iii) at least one glucopyranoside moiety and at least one sophoroside moiety,(iv) at least one sophoroside moiety comprising a sinapoyl group,(v) at least one glucopyranoside moiety comprising a sinapoyl group,(vi) only a 3-sophoroside moiety,(v) a 3-sophoroside moiety comprising a sinapoyl group(vi) a 7-g I ucopyra noside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety,(vii) a 7-g I ucopyra noside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety in which the 3-sophoroside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group,(viii) a 7-glucopyranoside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety in which the 7-glucopyranoside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group,(ix) a 7-glucopyranoside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety in which both comprise a sinapoyl group,(x) three glucopyranoside moieties,(xi) a 3-, 4' and 5- glucopyranoside moiety,(xii) a 3-, 4' and 5- glucopyranoside moiety in which at least one glucopyranoside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group,(xiii) a 3-, 4' and 5- glucopyranoside moiety in which the 4'-g I ucopyra noside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group,(xiv) only a 3-glucopyranoside moiety,(xv) a 3-glucopyranoside moiety and a 4'- glucopyranoside moiety in which the 4'- glucopyranoside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group.[000223] In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part includes Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-glucopyranoside (K3Soph7Glc). In some embodiments, the bitter threshold of Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-glucopyranoside is from 150 to 200 pmol / L. In some embodiments, the bitter threshold of Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-glucopyranoside is 183.03 pmol / L. In some embodiments, the astringency threshold of Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O- glucopyranoside is 2 pmol / L to 5 pmol / L. In some embodiments, the astringency threshold of Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-glucopyranoside is 4.8 pmol / L. The structure of Kaempferol-3-O- sophoroside-7-O-glucopyranoside is provided in Figure 1. Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O- glucopyranoside (K3Soph7Glc) is represented by peak I-C-l in Figure 2 of Hald et al. 2019.[000224] In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part includes Kaempferol-3-O-(2 " '-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside)-7-O-glucopyranoside (K3OSS7Glc). In some embodiments, the bitter threshold of Kaempferol-3-O-(2 ' "-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside)-7-O- g I ucopyra noside is from 150 to 200 pmol / L. In some embodiments, the bitter threshold of Kaempferol- 3-O-(2" '-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside)-7-O-glucopyranoside is 160.70 pmol / L. In some embodiments, the astringency threshold of Kaempferol-3-O-(2 ' "-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside)-7-O-glucopyranoside is 10 pmol / L to 30 pmol / L. In some embodiments, the astringency threshold of Kaempferol-3-O-(2" '-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside)-7-O-glucopyranoside is 19.43 pmol / L. The structure of Kaempferol-3-O-(2 ' ' '-O- sinapoyl-sophoroside)-7-O-glucopyranoside is provided in Figure 2. Kaempferol-3-O-(2 " '-O-sinapoyl- sophoroside)-7-O-glucopyranoside (K3OSS7Glc) is represented by peak I-C-2 in Figure 2 of Hald etal. 2019.[000225] In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part includes Kaempferol-4'-(6-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside)-3,7-di-O-glucopyranoside (K4GlcSin3,7Glc). In some embodiments, the bitter threshold of Kaempferol-4 '-(6-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside)-3,7-di-O- g I ucopyra noside is from 250 to 400 pmol / L. In some embodiments, the bitter threshold of Kaempferol- 4 '-(6-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside)-3,7-di-O-glucopyranoside is 320.77 pmol / L. In some embodiments, the astringency threshold of Kaempferol-4 '-(6-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside)-3,7-di-O-glucopyranoside is 5 pmol / L to 15 pmol / L. In some embodiments, the astringency threshold of Kaempferol-4 '-(6-O- sinapoyl-glucopyranoside)-3,7-di-O-glucopyranoside is 11.51 pmol / L. The structure of Kaempferol-4 '- (6-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside)-3,7-di-O-glucopyranoside is provided in Figure 3. Kaempferol-4 '-(6- O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside)-3,7-di-O-glucopyranoside (K4GlcSin3,7Glc) is represented by peak I-C- 4 in Figure 2 of Hald et al. 2019.[000226] In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part includes Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside (K3Soph). In some embodiments, the bitter threshold of Kaempferol-3- O-sophoroside is from 450 to 600 pmol / L. In some embodiments, the bitter threshold of Kaempferol-3- O-sophoroside is 531.72 pmol / L. In some embodiments, the astringency threshold of Kaempferol-3-O- sophoroside is from 50 to 75 pmol / L. In some embodiments, the astringency threshold of Kaempferol- 3-0-sophoroside is 66.46 pmol / L. The structure of Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside is provided in Figure 4. Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside (K3Soph) is represented by peak I-C-6 in Figure 2 of Hald et al. 2019. [000227] In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part includes Kaempferol-3-O-(2 ' ' '-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside) (K3OSS). In some embodiments, the bitter threshold of Kaempferol-3-O-(2 ' "-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside) is from 1.7 to 6.8 pmol / L. In some embodiments, the bitter threshold of Kaempferol-3-O-(2 ' ' '-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside) is 3.37 pmol / L. In some embodiments, the astringency threshold of Kaempferol-3-O-(2 " '-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside) is from 0.1 to 0.5 pmol / L. In some embodiments, the astringency threshold of Kaempferol-3-O-(2 " '-O-sinapoyl- sophoroside) is 0.34 pmol / L. The structure of Kaempferol-3-O-(2 " '-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside) is provided in Figure s. Kaempferol-3-O-(2 " '-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside) (K3OSS) is represented by peak I-C-8 in Figure 2 of Hald et al. 2019.[000228] In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part includes Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-(2-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside) (K3Soph7SinGlc). In some embodiments, the bitter threshold of Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-(2-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside) is from 200 to 280 pmol / L. In some embodiments, the bitter threshold of Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside- 7-O-(2-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside) is 243.9 pmol / L. In some embodiments, the astringency threshold of Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-(2-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside) is from 30 to 40 pmol / L. In some embodiments, the astringency threshold of Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-(2-O-sinapoyl- glucopyranoside) is 35.1 pmol / L. The structure of Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-(2-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside) is provided in Figure 6. Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-(2-O-sinapoyl- glucopyranoside) (K3Soph7SinGlc) is represented by peak I-C-7 in Figure 2 of Hald et al. 2019.[000229] In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part includes Kaempferol-3-O-glucopyranoside (K3Glc). In some embodiments, the bitter threshold of Kaempferol- 3-O-g I ucopyra noside is from 250 to 400 pmol / L. In some embodiments, the bitter threshold of Kaempferol-3-O-glucopyranoside is 324,73 pmol / L. In some embodiments, the astringency threshold of Kaempferol-3-O-glucopyranoside is 20 pmol / L to 40 pmol / L. In some embodiments, the astringency threshold of Kaempferol-3-O-glucopyranoside is 29.71 pmol / L. The structure of Kaempferol-3-O- glucopyranoside is provided in Figure 7. Kaempferol-3-O-glucopyranoside (K3Glc) is represented by peak I-C-ll in Figure 2 of Hald et al. 2019.[000230] In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part includes Kaempferol-3-O-(2 ' ' '-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside)-7-O-(6-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside) (K3OSS7SinGlc). In some embodiments, the bitter threshold of Kaempferol-3-O-(2 ' "-O-sinapoyl- sophoroside)-7-O-(6-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside) is from 150 to 300 pmol / L. In some embodiments, the bitter threshold of Kaempferol-3-O-(2 " '-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside)-7-O-(6-O-sinapoyl- glucopyranoside) is 265.1 pmol / L. In some embodiments, the astringency threshold of Kaempferol-3- O-(2" '-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside)-7-O-(6-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside) is 10 pmol / L to 30 pmol / L. In some embodiments, the astringency threshold of Kaempferol-3-O-(2 " '-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside)-7-O- (6-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside) is 16.6 pmol / L. The structure of Kaempferol-3-O-(2 ' "-O-sinapoyl- sophoroside)-7-O-(6-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside) is provided in Figure s. Kaempferol-3-O-(2" '-O- sinapoyl-sophoroside)-7-O-(6-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside) is represented by peak I-C-9 in Figure 2 of Hald et al. 2019.[000231] In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part includes Kaempferol- '-(6-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside)-3-O-glucopyranoside (K3Glc4SinGlc). In some embodiments, the bitter threshold of Kaempferol- '-(6-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside)-3-O- g I ucopyra noside is from 100 to 200 pmol / L. In some embodiments, the bitter threshold of Kaempferol- 4 '-(6-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside)-3-O-glucopyranoside is 149.34 pmol / L. In some embodiments, the astringency threshold of Kaempferol- '-(6-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside)-3-O-glucopyranosideis 5 pmol / L to 15 pmol / L. In some embodiments, the astringency threshold of Kaempferol-4 '-(6-O-sinapoyl- glucopyranoside)-3-O-glucopyranoside is 8.13 pmol / L. The structure of Kaempferol- '-(6-O-sinapoyl- glucopyranoside)-3-O-glucopyranoside is provided in Figure 9. Kaempferol- '-(6-O-sinapoyl- glucopyranoside)-3-O-glucopyranoside (K3Glc4SinGlc) is represented by peak I-C-12 in Figure 2 of Hald et al. 2019.[000232] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content ischaracterized by K3Soph7Glc, K3OSS7GIC, K4GlcSin3,7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc, K3Glc, K3Glc4SinGlc, and K3OSS7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. [000233] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content is characterized by one or more of K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc.[000234] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content is characterized by K3Soph7Glc, K3OSS7GIC, K4GlcSin3,7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc, K3Glc, K3Glc4SinGlc and K3OSS7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000235] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content is characterized by one or more of K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000236] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1- 2 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content is characterized by K3Soph7Glc, K3OSS7GIC, K4GlcSin3,7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc, K3Glc, K3Glc4SinGlc and K3OSS7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000237] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1- 2 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content is characterized by one or more of K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000238] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided comprisinga mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content is characterized by K3OSS. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000239] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content is characterized by K30SS. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000240] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1- 2 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content is characterized by K30SS. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000241] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is reduced as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content is characterized by K3Soph7Glc, K3OSS7GIC, K4GlcSin3,7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc, K3Glc, K3Glc4SinGlc, and K3OSS7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000242] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is reduced as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content is characterized by one or more of K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000243] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is increased as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferolcontent is characterized by K3Soph7Glc, K3OSS7GIC, K4GlcSin3,7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc, K3Glc, K3Glc4SinGlc and K3OSS7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000244] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is increased as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content is characterized by one or more of K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000245] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1- 2 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is reduced as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content is characterized by K3Soph7Glc, K3OSS7GIC, K4GlcSin3,7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc, K3Glc, K3Glc4SinGlc and K3OSS7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000246] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1- 2 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is reduced as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content is characterized by one or more of K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000247] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is reduced as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content is characterized by K30SS. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. [000248] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is increased as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content is characterized by K30SS. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000249] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1- 2 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is reduced as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content is characterized by K30SS. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000250] In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols. In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3. In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3 such as glycosyl and / or sinapoyl moieties at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3.[000251] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica seed is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica seed comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000252] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica seed is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica seed comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000253] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica seed is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1- 2 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica seed comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000254] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica seed is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is reduced as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica seed comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000255] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica seed is provided comprisinga mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is increased as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica seed comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000256] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica seed is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1- 2 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is reduced as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica seed comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000257] In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols. In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3. In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3 such as glycosyl and / or sinapoyl moieties at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3.[000258] In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising at least one sophoroside moiety. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising at least one glucopyranoside moiety. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising at least one glucopyranoside moiety and at least one sophoroside moiety. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising at least one sophoroside moiety comprising a sinapoyl group. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising at least one glucopyranoside moiety comprising a sinapoyl group. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising only a 3-sophoroside moiety. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 3-sophoroside moiety comprising a sinapoyl group. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 7-glucopyranoside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 7- glucopyranoside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety in which the 3-sophoroside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 7-glucopyranoside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety in which the 7- glucopyranoside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 7-glucopyranoside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety in which both comprise a sinapoyl group. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising three glucopyranoside moieties. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 3-, 4' and 5- glucopyranoside moiety. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 3-, 4' and 5-glucopyranoside moiety in which at least one glucopyranoside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 3-, 4' and 5- glucopyranoside moiety in which the 4'-glucopyranoside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising only a 3- g I ucopyra noside moiety. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 3-g I ucopyra noside moiety and a 4'- glucopyranoside moiety in which the 4'- glucopyranoside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group.[000259] In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 7-glucopyranoside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety in which the 3-sophoroside moiety does not comprise a sinapoyl group. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 3-sophoroside moiety in which the 3-sophoroside moiety may or may not comprise a sinapoyl group and in which no glucopyranoside moiety is present.[000260] In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 3-sophoroside moiety that does not comprise a sinapoyl group and a glucopyranoside moiety that comprises a sinapoyl group.[000261] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica seed is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1- 2 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is reduced as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica seed comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising at least one of(i) at least one sophoroside moiety,(ii) at least one glucopyranoside moiety,(iii) at least one glucopyranoside moiety and at least one sophoroside moiety,(iv) at least one sophoroside moiety comprising a sinapoyl group,(v) at least one glucopyranoside moiety comprising a sinapoyl group,(vi) only a 3-sophoroside moiety,(v) a 3-sophoroside moiety comprising a sinapoyl group(vi) a 7-glucopyranoside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety,(vii) a 7-glucopyranoside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety in which the 3-sophoroside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group,(viii) a 7-glucopyranoside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety in which the 7-glucopyranoside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group,(ix) a 7-glucopyranoside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety in which both comprise a sinapoyl group,(x) three glucopyranoside moieties,(xi) a 3-, 4' and 5- glucopyranoside moiety,(xii) a 3-, 4' and 5- glucopyranoside moiety in which at least one glucopyranoside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group,(xiii) a 3-, 4' and 5- glucopyranoside moiety in which the 4'-g I ucopyra noside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group,(xiv) only a 3-glucopyranoside moiety,(xv) a 3-glucopyranoside moiety and a 4'- glucopyranoside moiety in which the 4'- glucopyranoside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group.[000262] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica seed is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica seed comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content is characterized by K3Soph7Glc, K3OSS7GIC, K4GlcSin3,7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc, K3Glc, K3Glc4SinGlc and K3OSS7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000263] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica seed is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica seed comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content is characterized by one or more of K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000264] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica seed is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica seed comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content is characterized by K3Soph7Glc, K3OSS7GIC, K4GlcSin3,7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc, K3Glc, K3Glc4SinGlc and K3OSS7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000265] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica seed is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica seed comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content is characterized by one or more of K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000266] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica seed is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1- 2 gene, a total kaempferol content,wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica seed comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content is characterized by K3Soph7Glc, K3OSS7GIC, K4GlcSin3,7Glc, K3Soph, K3OSS, K3Soph7SinGlc, K3Glc, K3Glc4SinGlc and K3OSS7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000267] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica seed is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1- 2 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica seed comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content is characterized by one or more of K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000268] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica seed is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica seed comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content is characterized by K30SS. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000269] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica seed is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica seed comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content is characterized by K30SS. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000270] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica seed is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1- 2 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica seed comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content is characterized by K30SS. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. [000271] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica seed is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is reduced as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica seed comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content is characterized by K3Soph7Glc, K3OSS7GIC, K4GlcSin3,7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc, K3Glc, K3Glc4SinGlc and K3OSS7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000272] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica seed is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is reduced as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica seed comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content is characterized by one or more of K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000273] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica seed is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is increased as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica seed comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content is characterized by K3Soph7Glc, K3OSS7GIC, K4GlcSin3,7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc, K3Glc, K3Glc4SinGlc and K3OSS7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. [000274] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica seed is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is increased as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica seed comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content is characterized by one or more of K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000275] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica seed is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1- 2 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is reduced as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica seed comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content is characterized by K3Soph7Glc, K3OSS7GIC, K4GlcSin3,7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc, K3Glc, K3Glc4SinGlc and K3OSS7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000276] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica seed is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1- 2 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is reduced as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica seed comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content is characterized by one or more of K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000277] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica seed is provided comprisinga mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is reduced as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica seed comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content is characterized by K3OSS. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000278] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica seed is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is increased as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica seed comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content is characterized by K30SS. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000279] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica seed is provided comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1- 2 gene, a total kaempferol content, wherein the total kaempferol content is reduced as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica seed comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content is characterized by K30SS. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.FLS1-1 mutant Brassica plant or part[000280] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000281] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in at least one of the following:(a) an altered gene expression such as reduced gene expression of the FLS1-1 gene compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene,(b) production of an FLS1-1 protein with an altered function such as loss of function compared to FLS1-1 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene,(c) production of an FLS1-1 protein that is truncated and / or comprising a deletion, an insertion and / or a replacement of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-1 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene.In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000282] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in an altered gene expression such as reduced gene expression of the FLS1-1 gene compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000283] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in an altered gene expression such as increased gene expression of the FLS1-1 gene compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000284] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in production of an FLS1-1 protein characterized by SEQ ID NO: 5. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.[000285] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in production of an FLS1-1 protein with an altered function such as loss of function compared to FLS1-1 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000286] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in production of an FLS1-1 protein with an altered function such as gain of function compared to FLS1-1 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000287] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in production of an FLS1-1 protein comprising a deletion of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-1 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000288] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in production of an FLS1-1 protein comprising an insertion of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-1 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000289] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in production of an FLS1-1 protein comprising a replacement of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-1 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000290] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in production of an FLS1-1 protein comprising a translocation of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-1 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000291] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in production of an FLS1-1 protein comprising an inversion compared to FLS1-1 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000292] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in production of a truncated FLS1-1 protein compared to FLS1-1protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000293] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is characterized by the mutation being in the regulatory or non- regulatory region of the FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. [000294] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is characterized by the mutation being in the regulatory region of the gene such as the promoter region. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. [000295] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is characterized by the mutation being in the coding region. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000296] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is characterized by the mutation being 5' of the coding region. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000297] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is characterized by the mutation being 3' of the coding region. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000298] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is characterized by the mutation being in the non-coding region. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000299] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is characterized by the mutation being in the intron. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000300] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is a knock-out mutant allele. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000301] In some embodiments, the mutant allele is characterized by at least one of the following:(A) a deletion mutation,(B) an insertion mutation(C) a frameshift mutation,(D) a stop codon mutation,(E) a splice site mutation,(F) a missense mutation,(G) an epigenetic modification preferably a DNA methylation,(H) a translocation mutation,(I) a promoter mutation.[000302] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a deletion mutation. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000303] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is a mutant allele characterized by an insertion mutation. In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a transposable element insertion mutation. In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a retrovirus insertion mutation. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000304] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a frameshift mutation. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000305] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a stop codon mutation. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000306] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a splice site mutation. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000307] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a missense mutation. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000308] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is a mutant allele characterized by an epigenetic modification. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is a mutant allele characterized by an epigenetic modification such as DNA methylation. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000309] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a translocation mutation such as de novo homologous nonreciprocal translocations (HNRTs), preexisting HNRTs, and homologous reciprocal translocation (HRTs). In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000310] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a promoter mutation. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000311] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 71 corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 protein. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.[000312] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 71 or a lower amino acid position corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 protein. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.[000313] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 71 or a higher amino acid position corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 protein. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.[000314] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 71 corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 protein, wherein the last amino acid residue in the truncated FLS1-1 protein is an amino acid at position 70 corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 protein. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.[000315] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a stop codon mutation that results in production of an FLS1-1 protein characterized by SEQ ID NO: 5. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.[000316] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is characterized by a mutation from C to T at position 211 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.[000317] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is characterized by SEQ ID NO: 7. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.[000318] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is a mutation in a nucleotide that codes for an amino acid residue, which amino acid residue is characterized by one or all of the following:(A) a residue that is not conserved across all FLS genes selected from Arabidopsis thaliana FLS1 gene, Arabidopsis thaliana FLS2 gene, Arabidopsis thaliana FLS3 gene, Brassica napus FLS2 gene, Brassica napus FLS3 gene, Brassica napus FLS3-3 gene, Brassica napus FLS3-4 gene.(B) a residue that is not involved in substrate binding,(C) a residue that is not involved in ferrous iron binding,(D) a residue that is not involved in 2-oxog I uta rate-binding(E) a residue that is not required for proper folding of the FLS1-1 protein.[000319] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is characterized in that the mutant allele is unable to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000320] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is characterized in that the mutant allele is unable to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant, wherein complementing the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant is characterized by restoring the activity and / or presence of one or more of the following kaempferols:(i) kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3R-7R),(ii) kaempferol-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3G-7R),(iii) kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnosid-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-R]-7R),(iv) kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-G]-7R). In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000321] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is characterized in that the mutant allele is unable to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant as measured by a bioconversion assay based on HPTLC using extracts from E. coli expressing the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000322] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is characterized in that the mutant allele is unable to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant, wherein complementing the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant is characterized by restoring the activity and / or presence of one or more of the following kaempferols:(i) kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3R-7R),(ii) kaempferol-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3G-7R),(iii) kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnosid-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-R]-7R),(iv) kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-G]-7R), as measured by a bioconversion assay based on HPTLC using extracts from E. coli expressing the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000323] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is a knock-out mutant allele. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000324] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is characterized in that the mutant allele is unable to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000325] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is characterized in that the mutant allele is unable to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant, wherein complementing the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant is characterized by restoring the activity and / or presence of one or more of the following kaempferols:(i) kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3R-7R),(ii) kaempferol-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3G-7R),(iii) kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnosid-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-R]-7R),(iv) kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-G]-7R). In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000326] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is characterized in that the mutant allele is unable to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant as measured by a bioconversion assay based on HPTLC using extracts from E. coli expressing the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000327] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is characterized in that the mutant allele is unable to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant, wherein complementing the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant is characterized by restoring the activity and / or presence of one or more of the following kaempferols:(i) kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3R-7R),(ii) kaempferol-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3G-7R),(iii) kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnosid-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-R]-7R),(iv) kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-G]-7R), as measured by a bioconversion assay based on HPTLC using extracts from E. coli expressing the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000328] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above comprises the mutant allele in homozygous form. [000329] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total phenol content such as flavonoid content or flavonol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above, wherein the total phenol content such as flavonoid content or flavonol content is altered as compared to the total phenol content such as flavonoid content or flavonol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000330] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total phenol content such as flavonoid content or flavonol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above, wherein the total phenol content such as flavonoid content or flavonol content is reduced as compared to the total phenol content such as flavonoid content or flavonol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000331] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total flavonol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above, wherein the total flavonol content is altered as compared to the total flavonol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000332] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total flavonol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above, wherein the total flavonol content is reduced as compared to the total flavonol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000333] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000334] In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols. In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3. In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3 such as glycosyl and / or sinapoyl moieties at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3.[000335] In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 7-glucopyranoside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety in which the 3-sophoroside moiety does not comprise a sinapoyl group.[000336] In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 3-sophoroside moiety in which the 3-sophoroside moiety may or may not comprise a sinapoyl group and in which no glucopyranoside moiety is present.[000337] In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 3-sophoroside moiety that does not comprise a sinapoyl group and a glucopyranoside moiety that comprises a sinapoyl group.[000338] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K3Soph7Glc, K3OSS7GIC, K4GlcSin3,7Glc,K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc, K3Glc, K3Glc4SinGlc and K3OSS7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000339] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to one or more of K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000340] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or partthereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K3Soph7Glc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000341] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K3Soph. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000342] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K30SS. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000343] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene that comprises, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000344] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K30SS and one or more of K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000345] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in reduction of the total kaempferol content as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000346] In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols. In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3. In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3 such as glycosyl and / or sinapoyl moieties at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3.[000347] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in reduction of the total kaempferol content as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K3Soph7Glc,K3OSS7GIC, K4GlcSin3,7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc, K3Glc, K3Glc4SinGlc and K3OSS7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000348] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in reduction of the total kaempferol content as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to one or more of K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000349] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in reduction of the total kaempferol content by at least 10% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000350] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in reduction of the total kaempferol content by at least 20% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000351] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in reduction of the total kaempferol content by at least 30% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000352] In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols. In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3. In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3 such as glycosyl and / or sinapoyl moieties at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3.[000353] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in reduction of the total kaempferol content by at least 10% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K3Soph7Glc, K3OSS7GIC, K4GlcSin3,7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc, K3Glc, K3Glc4SinGlc and K3OSS7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000354] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in reduction of the total kaempferol content by at least 20% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K3Soph7Glc, K3OSS7GIC, K4GlcSin3,7Glc, K3Soph, K3OSS, K3Soph7SinGlc, K3Glc, K3Glc4SinGlc and K3OSS7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000355] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in reduction of the total kaempferol content by at least 30% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K3Soph7Glc, K3OSS7GIC, K4GlcSin3,7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc, K3Glc, K3Glc4SinGlc and K3OSS7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000356] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in reduction of the total kaempferol content by at least 10% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to one or more of K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000357] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in reduction of the total kaempferol content by at least 20% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to one or more of K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000358] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in reduction of the total kaempferol content by at least 30% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to one or more of K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000359] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in reduction of the total kaempferol content by at least 35% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant orpart thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to one or more of K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K3OSS, K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000360] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in reduction of the total kaempferol content by at least 10% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, and K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000361] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in reduction of the total kaempferol content by at least 20% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, and K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000362] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in reduction of the total kaempferol content by at least 30% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, and K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000363] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above , wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in reduction of the total kaempferol content by at least 35% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, and K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000364] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above , wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in reduction of the total kaempferol content by at least 10% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K30SS. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000365] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in reduction of the total kaempferol content by at least 20% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K3OSS. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000366] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above , wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in reduction of the total kaempferol content by at least 30% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K3OSS. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000367] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above , wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in reduction of the total kaempferol content by at least 40% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K3OSS. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000368] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above , wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in reduction of the total kaempferol content by at least 45% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K30SS. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000369] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above , wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in reduction of the total kaempferol content by at least 50% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K30SS. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000370] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above , wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in reduction of the total kaempferol content by at least 10% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K30SS and one or more of K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000371] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above , wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in reduction of the total kaempferol content by at least 20% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant orpart thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K3OSS and one or more of K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000372] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above , wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in reduction of the total kaempferol content by at least 30% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K30SS and one or more of K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000373] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above , wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in reduction of the total kaempferol content by at least 40% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K30SS and one or more of K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000374] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content and a total K30SS content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1- 1 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in:(1) reduction of the total kaempferol content by at least 1% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, and(2) reduction of the total K30SS content by at least 40% as compared to the total K30SS content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000375] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content and a total K30SS content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1- 1 gene as described above wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in:(1) reduction of the total kaempferol content by at least 1% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, and(2) reduction of the total K30SS content by at least 50% as compared to the total K30SS content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000376] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content and a total K30SS content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1- 1 gene as described above wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in: (1) reduction of the total kaempferol content by at least 2% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, and(2) reduction of the total K3OSS content by at least 40% as compared to the total K3OSS content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000377] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content and a total K30SS content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1- 1 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in:(1) reduction of the total kaempferol content by at least 2% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, and(2) reduction of the total K30SS content by at least 50% as compared to the total K3OSS content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000378] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content and a total K30SS content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1- 1 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in:(1) reduction of the total kaempferol content by at least 3% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, and(2) reduction of the total K30SS content by at least 40% as compared to the total K3OSS content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000379] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content and a total K30SS content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1- 1 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in:(1) reduction of the total kaempferol content by at least 3% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, and(2) reduction of the total K30SS content by at least 50% as compared to the total K3OSS content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000380] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content and a total K30SS content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1- 1 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in:(1) reduction of the total kaempferol content by at least 5% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, and(2) reduction of the total K30SS content by at least 40% as compared to the total K3OSS content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000381] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content and a total K30SS content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1- 1 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in:(1) reduction of the total kaempferol content by at least 5% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, and(2) reduction of the total K3OSS content by at least 50% as compared to the total K3OSS content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000382] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content and a total K30SS content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1- 1 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in:(1) reduction of the total kaempferol content by at least 10% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, and(2) reduction of the total K3OSS content by at least 40% as compared to the total K3OSS content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000383] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content and a total K3OSS content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1- 1 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene results in:(1) reduction of the total kaempferol content by at least 10% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, and(2) reduction of the total K3OSS content by at least 50% as compared to the total K3OSS content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. In some embodiments, the Brassica part comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above is a leaf, anther, pistil, stem, petal, root, ovule, pollen, microspore, protoplast, callus, tissue, seed, flower, cotyledon, hypocotyl, embryo or cell. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000384] In some embodiments, the Brassica part comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above is a seed. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000385] In some embodiments, the Brassica part comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above is a pod. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000386] In some embodiments, the Brassica part comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above is an embryo. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000387] In some embodiments, the Brassica part comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene as described above is a Brassica germplasm. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000388] In some embodiments, the Brassica plant or part thereof as described above is selected from a group consisting of Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea, Brassica juncea, Brassicacarinata, and Brassica nigra or any combination or hybrid thereof. In some embodiments, the Brassica plant or part thereof is not Brassica rapa.[000389] In some embodiments, the Brassica plant or part thereof as described above is Brassica napus.FLS1-2 mutant Brassica plant or part[000390] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000391] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in at least one of the following:(a) an altered gene expression such as reduced gene expression of the FLS1-2 gene compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene,(b) production of an FLS1-2 protein with an altered function such as loss of function compared to FLS1-2 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene,(c) production of an FLS1-2 protein that is truncated and / or comprising a deletion, an insertion and / or a replacement of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-2 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000392] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in an altered gene expression such as reduced gene expression of the FLS1-2 gene compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000393] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in an altered gene expression such as increased gene expression of the FLS1-2 gene compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000394] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in production of an FLS1-2 protein characterized by SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.[000395] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in production of an FLS1-2 protein with an altered function such as loss of function compared to FLS1-2 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000396] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in production of an FLS1-2 protein with an altered function such as gain of function compared to FLS1-2 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000397] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in production of an FLS1-2 protein comprising a deletion of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-2 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000398] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in production of an FLS1-2 protein comprising an insertion of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-2 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000399] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in production of an FLS1-2 protein comprising a replacement of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-2 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000400] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in production of an FLS1-2 protein comprising a translocation of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-2 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000401] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in production of an FLS1-2 protein comprising an inversion compared to FLS1-2 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000402] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in production of a truncated FLS1-2 protein compared to FLS1-2 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000403] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized by the mutation being in the regulatory or non- regulatory region of the FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. [000404] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized by the mutation being in the regulatory region of the gene such as the promoter region. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. [000405] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized by the mutation being in the coding region. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000406] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized by the mutation being 5' of the coding region. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000407] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized by the mutation being 3' of the coding region. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000408] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized by the mutation being in the non-coding region. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000409] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized by the mutation being in the intron. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000410] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is a knock-out mutant allele. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000411] In some embodiments, the mutant allele is characterized by at least one of the following:(A) a deletion mutation,(B) an insertion mutation(C) a frameshift mutation,(D) a stop codon mutation,(E) a splice site mutation,(F) a missense mutation,(G) an epigenetic modification preferably a DNA methylation,(H) a translocation mutation,(I) a promoter mutation.[000412] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a deletion mutation. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000413] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is a mutant allele characterized by an insertion mutation. In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a transposable element insertion mutation. In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a retrovirus insertion mutation. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000414] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a frameshift mutation. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000415] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a stop codon mutation. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000416] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a splice site mutation. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000417] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a missense mutation. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000418] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is a mutant allele characterized by an epigenetic modification. In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is a mutant allele characterized by an epigenetic modification such as DNA methylation. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000419] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a translocation mutation such as de novo homologous nonreciprocal translocations (HNRTs), preexisting HNRTs, and homologous reciprocal translocation (HRTs). In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000420] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a promoter mutation. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000421] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 148 corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000422] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 148 or a lower amino acid position corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000423] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 148 or a higher amino acid position corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000424] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 148 corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein, wherein the last amino acid residue in the truncated FLS1-2 protein is an amino acid at position 147 corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000425] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a stop codon mutation that results in production of an FLS1-2 protein characterized by SEQ ID N0:6. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.[000426] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized by a mutation from G to A at position 444 of SEQ ID NO: 4. In some embodiments, themutant allele is in homozygous form. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.[000427] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized by SEQ ID NO: 8. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.[000428] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized in that the mutant allele is unable to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000429] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized in that the mutant allele is unable to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant, wherein complementing the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant is characterized by restoring the activity and / or presence of one or more of the following kaempferols:(i) kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3R-7R),(ii) kaempferol-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3G-7R),(iii) kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnosid-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-R]-7R),(iv) kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-G]-7R). In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000430] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized in that the mutant allele is unable to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant as measured by a bioconversion assay based on HPTLC using extracts from E. coli expressing the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000431] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized in that the mutant allele is unable to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant, wherein complementing the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant is characterized by restoring the activity and / or presence of one or more of the following kaempferols:(i) kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3R-7R),(ii) kaempferol-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3G-7R),(iii) kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnosid-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-R]-7R),(iv) kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-G]-7R), as measured by a bioconversion assay based on HPTLC using extracts from E. coli expressing the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000432] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is a knock-out mutant allele. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000433] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized in that the mutant allele is unable to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant.In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000434] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized in that the mutant allele is unable to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant, wherein complementing the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant is characterized by restoring the activity and / or presence of one or more of the following kaempferols:(i) kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3R-7R),(ii) kaempferol-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3G-7R),(iii) kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnosid-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-R]-7R),(iv) kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-G]-7R). In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000435] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized in that the mutant allele is unable to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant as measured by a bioconversion assay based on HPTLC using extracts from E. coli expressing the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000436] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized in that the mutant allele is unable to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant, wherein complementing the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant is characterized by restoring the activity and / or presence of one or more of the following kaempferols:(i) kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3R-7R),(ii) kaempferol-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3G-7R),(iii) kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnosid-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-R]-7R),(iv) kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-G]-7R), as measured by a bioconversion assay based on HPTLC using extracts from E. coli expressing the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000437] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above comprises the mutant allele in homozygous form. [000438] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total phenol content such as flavonoid content or flavonol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above, wherein the total phenol content such as flavonoid content or flavonol content is altered as compared to the total phenol content such as flavonoid content or flavonol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene.[000439] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total phenol content such as flavonoid content or flavonol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above, wherein the total phenol content such as flavonoid content or flavonol content is increased as compared to the total phenol content such as flavonoid content or flavonol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000440] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total flavonol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above, wherein the total flavonol content is altered as compared to the total flavonol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000441] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total flavonol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above, wherein the total flavonol content is increased as compared to the total flavonol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000442] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof that comprising a total kaempferol content, comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000443] In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols. In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3. In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3 such as glycosyl and / or sinapoyl moieties at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3.[000444] In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 7-glucopyranoside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety in which the 3-sophoroside moiety does not comprise a sinapoyl group.[000445] In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 3-sophoroside moiety in which the 3-sophoroside moiety may or may not comprise a sinapoyl group and in which no glucopyranoside moiety is present.[000446] In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 3-sophoroside moiety that does not comprise a sinapoyl group and a glucopyranoside moiety that comprises a sinapoyl group.[000447] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K3Soph7Glc, K3OSS7GIC, K4GlcSin3,7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc, K3Glc, K3Glc4SinGlc and K3OSS7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000448] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to one ormore of K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K3OSS, K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000449] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K3Soph7Glc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000450] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K3Soph. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000451] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K30SS. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000452] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000453] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K30SS and one or more of K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000454] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in increase of the total kaempferol content as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000455] In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols. In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3. In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3 such as glycosyl and / or sinapoyl moieties at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3.[000456] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in increase of the total kaempferol content as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to one or more of K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000457] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in increase of the total kaempferol content as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K3Soph7Glc, K3OSS7GIC, K4GlcSin3,7Glc,K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc, K3Glc, K3Glc4SinGlc and K3OSS7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000458] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in increase of the total kaempferol content by at least 10% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000459] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in increase of the total kaempferol content by at least 20% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000460] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in increase of the total kaempferol content by at least 30% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000461] In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols. In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3. In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3 such as glycosyl and / or sinapoyl moieties at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3.[000462] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above,wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in increase of the total kaempferol content by at least 10% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K3Soph7Glc, K3OSS7GIC, K4GlcSin3,7Glc,K3Soph, K3OSS, K3Soph7SinGlc, K3Glc, K3Glc4SinGlc and K3OSS7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000463] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in increase of the total kaempferol content by at least 20% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K3Soph7Glc, K3OSS7GIC, K4GlcSin3,7Glc, K3Soph, K3OSS, K3Soph7SinGlc, K3Glc, K3Glc4SinGlc and K3OSS7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000464] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in increase of the total kaempferol content by at least 30% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K3Soph7Glc, K3OSS7GIC, K4GlcSin3,7Glc, K3Soph, K3OSS, K3Soph7SinGlc, K3Glc, K3Glc4SinGlc and K3OSS7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000465] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in increase of the total kaempferol content by at least 10% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to one or more of K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000466] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in increase of the total kaempferol content by at least 20% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to one or more of K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000467] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in increase of the total kaempferol content by at least 30% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to oneor more of K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K3OSS, K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000468] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in increase of the total kaempferol content by at least 10% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, and K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000469] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in increase of the total kaempferol content by at least 20% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, and K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000470] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in increase of the total kaempferol content by at least 30% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, and K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000471] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in increase of the total kaempferol content by at least 10% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K30SS. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000472] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in increase of the total kaempferol content by at least 20% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K30SS. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000473] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in increase of the total kaempferol content by at least 30% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant orpart thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K3OSS. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000474] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in increase of the total kaempferol content by at least 40% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K30SS. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000475] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in increase of the total kaempferol content by at least 50% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K30SS. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000476] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in increase of the total kaempferol content by at least 60% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K30SS. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000477] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in increase of the total kaempferol content by at least 70% as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K30SS. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000478] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above comprising a total K30SS content of more than 7 pg / g, more than 10 pg / g, more than 15 pg / g, or more than 20 pg / g preferably as measured by UPLC-MS / MS. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000479] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above comprising a total K30SS content of more than 7 pg / g preferably as measured by UPLC-MS / MS. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000480] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above comprising a total K30SS content of more than 10 pg / g preferably as measured by UPLC-MS / MS. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000481] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above comprising a total K30SS content of more than 15 pg / g preferably as measured by UPLC-MS / MS. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000482] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above comprising a total K30SS content of more than 20 pg / g preferably as measured by UPLC-MS / MS. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000483] In some embodiments, the Brassica part comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above is a leaf, anther, pistil, stem, petal, root, ovule, pollen, microspore, protoplast, callus, tissue, seed, flower, cotyledon, hypocotyl, embryo or cell. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000484] In some embodiments, the Brassica part comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above is a seed. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000485] In some embodiments, the Brassica part comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above is a pod. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000486] In some embodiments, the Brassica part comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above is an embryo. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000487] In some embodiments, the Brassica part comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above is a Brassica germplasm. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000488] In some embodiments, the Brassica plant or part thereof as described above is selected from a group consisting of Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea, Brassica juncea, Brassica carinata, and Brassica nigra or any combination or hybrid thereof. In some embodiments, the Brassica plant or part thereof is not Brassica rapa.[000489] In some embodiments, the Brassica plant or part thereof as described above is Brassica napus.FLS1-1 and FLS1-2 mutant Brassica plant or part[000490] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000491] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in at least one of the following:(a) an altered gene expression such as reduced gene expression of the FLS1-1 gene compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene,(b) production of an FLS1-1 protein with an altered function such as loss of function compared to FLS1-1 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene,(c) production of an FLS1-1 protein that is truncated and / or comprising a deletion, an insertion and / or a replacement of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-1 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene,(d) an altered gene expression such as reduced gene expression of the FLS1-2 gene compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene,(e) production of an FLS1-2 protein with an altered function such as loss of function compared to FLS1-2 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene,(f) production of an FLS1-2 protein that is truncated and / or comprising a deletion, an insertion and / or a replacement of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-2 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000492] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in at least one of the following:(a) an altered gene expression such as reduced gene expression of the FLS1-1 gene and an altered gene expression such as reduced gene expression of the FLS1-2 gene as compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and FLS1-2 gene,(b) production of an FLS1-1 protein with an altered function such as loss of function and production of an FLS1-2 protein with an altered function such as loss of function compared to FLS1-1 protein and FLS1-2 protein, respectively, encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and FLS1-2 gene,(c) production of an FLS1-1 protein that is truncated and / or comprising a deletion, an insertion or a replacement of one or more amino acids and production of an FLS1-2 protein that is truncated and / or comprising a deletion, an insertion and / or a replacement of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-1 protein and FLS1-2 protein, respectively, encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and FLS1-2 gene.In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000493] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in at least one of the following:(a) an altered gene expression such as reduced gene expression of the FLS1-1 gene and an altered gene expression such as reduced or increased gene expression of the FLS1-2 gene as compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and FLS1-2 gene,(b) production of an FLS1-1 protein with an altered function such as loss of function and production of an FLS1-2 protein with an altered function such as loss of function or gain of function compared to FLS1-1 protein and FLS1-2 protein, respectively, encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and FLS1-2 gene,(c) production of an FLS1-1 protein that is truncated and / or comprising a deletion, an insertion and / or a replacement of one or more amino acids and production of an FLS1-2 protein comprising a deletion, a truncation, an insertion or a replacement of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-1 protein and FLS1-2 protein, respectively, encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and FLS1-2 gene.In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000494] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in an altered gene expression such as reduced gene expression of the FLS1-1 gene and an altered gene expression such as reduced gene expression of the FLS1-2 gene compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000495] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in an altered gene expression such as reduced gene expression of the FLS1-1 gene and an altered gene expression such as reduced or increased gene expression of the FLS1-2 gene compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000496] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in an altered gene expression such as increased gene expression of the FLS1-1 gene and an altered gene expression such as increased gene expression of the FLS1-2 gene compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000497] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in an altered gene expression such as reduced gene expression of the FLS1-1 gene and an altered gene expression such as increased gene expression of the FLS1-2 gene compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000498] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results inproduction of an FLS1-1 protein characterized by SEQ ID NO: 5. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.[000499] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in production of an FLS1-2 protein characterized by SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.[000500] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in production of an FLS1-1 protein characterized by SEQ ID NO: 5 and an FLS1-2 protein characterized by SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation. [000501] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in production of an FLS1-1 protein with an altered function such as loss of function and production of an FLS1-2 protein with an altered function such as loss of function or gain of function compared to FLS1-1 protein and FLS1-2 protein, respectively, encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000502] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in production of an FLS1-1 protein with an altered function such as loss of function and production of an FLS1-2 protein with an altered function such as gain of function compared to FLS1-1 protein and FLS1-2 protein, respectively, encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000503] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in production of an FLS1-1 protein comprising a deletion, a truncation, an insertion or a replacement of one or more amino acids and production of an FLS1-2 protein comprising a deletion, a truncation, an insertion or a replacement of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-1 protein and FLS1-2 protein, respectively, encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000504] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in production of an FLS1-1 protein comprising a deletion of one or more amino acids and production of an FLS1-2 protein comprising a deletion of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-1 protein and FLS1- 2 protein, respectively, encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000505] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in production of an FLS1-1 protein comprising a insertion of one or more amino acids and production of an FLS1-2 protein comprising a insertion of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-1 protein and FLS1-2 protein, respectively, encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000506] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in production of an FLS1-1 protein comprising a replacement of one or more amino acids and production of an FLS1-2 protein comprising a replacement of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-1 protein and FLS1-2 protein, respectively, encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000507] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in production of a truncated FLS1-1 protein and production of a truncated FLS1-2 protein compared to FLS1-1 protein and FLS1-2 protein, respectively, encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000508] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in production of an FLS1-1 protein comprising a deletion of one or more amino acids and production of an FLS1-2 protein comprising an insertion of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-1 protein and FLS1-2 protein, respectively, encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000509] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in production of an FLS1-1 protein comprising a deletion of one or more amino acids and production of an FLS1-2 protein comprising a replacement of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-1 protein and FLS1-2 protein, respectively, encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000510] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in production of an FLS1-1 protein comprising a deletion of one or more amino acids and production of a truncated FLS1-2 protein compared to FLS1-1 protein and FLS1-2 protein, respectively, encoded by aBrassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000511] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in production of an FLS1-1 protein comprising a insertion of one or more amino acids and production of an FLS1-2 protein comprising a deletion of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-1 protein and FLS1-2 protein, respectively, encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000512] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in production of an FLS1-1 protein comprising a insertion of one or more amino acids and production of an FLS1-2 protein comprising a replacement of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-1 protein and FLS1-2 protein, respectively, encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000513] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in production of an FLS1-1 protein comprising a insertion of one or more amino acids and production of a truncated FLS1-2 protein compared to FLS1-1 protein and FLS1-2 protein, respectively, encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000514] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in production of an FLS1-1 protein comprising a replacement of one or more amino acids and production of an FLS1-2 protein comprising a deletion of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-1 protein and FLS1-2 protein, respectively, encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000515] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in production of an FLS1-1 protein comprising a replacement of one or more amino acids and production of an FLS1-2 protein comprising an insertion of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-1 protein and FLS1-2 protein, respectively, encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000516] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in production of an FLS1-1 protein comprising a replacement of one or more amino acids and productionof a truncated FLS1-2 protein compared to FLS1-1 protein and FLS1-2 protein, respectively, encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000517] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in production of a truncated FLS1-1 protein and production of an FLS1-2 protein comprising a deletion of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-1 protein and FLS1-2 protein, respectively, encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000518] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in production of a truncated FLS1-1 protein and production of an FLS1-2 protein comprising an insertion of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-1 protein and FLS1-2 protein, respectively, encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000519] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene results in production of a truncated FLS1-1 protein and production of an FLS1-2 protein comprising a replacement of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-1 protein and FLS1-2 protein, respectively, encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000520] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized by the mutation being in the regulatory or non-regulatory region of the FLS1-1 and FLS1- 2 genes. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000521] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized by the mutation being in the regulatory region of the FLS1-1 gene such as the promoter region. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000522] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized by the mutation being in the regulatory region of the FLS1-1 gene and FLS1-2 gene such as the promoter region. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000523] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized by the mutation being in the coding region of the FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000524] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized by the mutation being in the coding region of the FLS1-1 and FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000525] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized by the mutation being 5' of the coding region of the FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000526] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized by the mutation being 5' of the coding region of the FLS1-1 and FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000527] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized by the mutation being 3' of the coding region of the FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000528] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized by the mutation being 3' of the coding region of the FLS1-1 and FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000529] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized by the mutation being in the non-coding region of the FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000530] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized by the mutation being in the non-coding region of the FLS1-1 and FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000531] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized by the mutation being in the intron of the FLS1-1 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000532] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized by the mutation being in the intron of the FLS1-1 and FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000533] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and the FLS1-2 gene is each a knock-out mutant allele. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000534] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprises a knock-out mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a knock-out mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000535] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of each of FLS1-1 and FLS1-2 is independently characterized by at least one of the following:(A) a deletion mutation,(B) an insertion mutation(C) a frameshift mutation,(D) a stop codon mutation,(E) a splice site mutation,(F) a missense mutation,(G) an epigenetic modification preferably a DNA methylation,(H) a translocation mutation.[000536] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is characterized by a deletion mutation. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000537] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and of FLS1-2 gene is characterized by a deletion mutation. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000538] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is characterized by an insertion mutation. In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1- 1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is characterized by a transposable element insertion mutation. In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1- 1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is characterized by a retrovirus insertion mutation. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000539] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and of FLS1-2 gene is characterized by an insertion mutation. In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and of FLS1-2 gene is characterized by a transposable element insertion mutation. In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele ofthe wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and of FLS1-2 gene is characterized by a retrovirus insertion mutation. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000540] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is characterized by a frameshift mutation. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000541] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and of FLS1-2 gene is characterized by a frameshift mutation. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000542] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is characterized by a stop codon mutation. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000543] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and of FLS1-2 gene is characterized by a stop codon mutation. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000544] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is characterized by a splice site mutation. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000545] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and of FLS1-2 gene is characterized by a splice site mutation. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000546] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is characterized by a missense mutation. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000547] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and of FLS1-2 gene is characterized by a missense mutation. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000548] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is characterized by an epigenetic modification such as DNA methylation. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000549] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and of FLS1-2 gene is characterized by an epigenetic modification such as DNA methylation. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. [000550] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is characterized by a translocation mutation such as de novo homologous nonreciprocal translocations (HNRTs), preexisting HNRTs, and homologous reciprocal translocation (HRTs). In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000551] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and of FLS1-2 gene is characterized by a translocation mutation such as de novo homologous nonreciprocal translocations (HNRTs), preexisting HNRTs, and homologous reciprocal translocation (HRTs). In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000552] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 71 corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 protein. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000553] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 71 corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 protein, wherein the last amino acid residue in the truncated FLS1-1 protein is an amino acid at position 70 corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 protein. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.[000554] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 148 corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.[000555] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 148 corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein, wherein the last amino acid residue in the truncated FLS1-2 protein is an amino acid at position 147 corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.[000556] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 71 or a lower amino acid position corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 protein and the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 148 or a lower amino acid position corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.[000557] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 71 or a higher amino acid position corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 protein and the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 148 or a higher amino acid position corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.[000558] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 71 or a higher amino acid position corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 protein and the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 148 or a lower amino acid position corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.[000559] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 71 or a lower amino acid position corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 protein and the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 148 or a higher amino acid position corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.[000560] In some embodiments, a Brassica napus plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica napus FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica napus FLS1- 2 gene, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica napus FLS1-1 gene does not comprise a mutation such as an insertion or deletion at a nucleotide position corresponding to the wild type Brassica napus FLS1-1 gene that corresponds to nucleotide position 286 or 287 of Brassica rapa FLS1 reference sequence (Bra009358) and wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica napus FLS1-2 gene does not comprise a mutation such as an insertion or deletion at a nucleotide position corresponding to thewild type Brassica napus FLS1-2 gene that corresponds to nucleotide position 286 or 287 of Brassica rapa FLS1 reference sequence (Bra009358). In some embodiments, a Brassica napus plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica napus FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica napus FLS1-2 gene, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica napus FLS1-1 gene does not comprise a mutation at position 287 or 290, or a position from 270 to 300, 270 to 290, 280 to 290, or 280 to 295 corresponding to the wild type Brassica napus FLS1-1 gene, and wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica napus FLS1-2 gene does not comprise a mutation at position 287 or 290, or a position from 270 to 300, 270 to 290, 280 to 290, or 280 to 295 corresponding to the wild type Brassica napus FLS1-2 gene.[000561] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a stop codon mutation that results in production of an FLS1-1 protein characterized by SEQ ID NO:5. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.[000562] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a stop codon mutation that results in production of an FLS1-2 protein characterized by SEQ ID NO:6. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.[000563] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a stop codon mutation that results in production of an FLS1-1 protein characterized by SEQ ID NO:5, and wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is a mutant allele characterized by a stop codon mutation that results in production of an FLS1-2 protein characterized by SEQ ID NO:6. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation. In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1- 1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is characterized by a mutation from C to T at position 211 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.[000564] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized by a mutation from G to A at position 444 of SEQ ID NO: 4. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. In someembodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.[000565] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is characterized by a mutation from C to T at position 211 of SEQ ID NO: 3, and wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized by a mutation from G to A at position 444 of SEQ ID NO: 4. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.[000566] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is characterized by SEQ ID NO: 7. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.[000567] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized by SEQ ID NO: 8. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.[000568] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is characterized by SEQ ID NO: 7, and wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized by SEQ ID NO: 8. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form. In some embodiments, the mutation is a loss of function mutation. In some embodiments, the mutation is a knock-out mutation.[000569] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized in that each of the two mutant alleles when present alone or together is / are unable to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000570] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized in that each of the two mutant alleles when present alone or together is / are unable to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant, wherein complementing the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant is characterized by restoring the activity and / or presence of one or more of the following kaempferols:(i) kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3R-7R),(ii) kaempferol-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3G-7R),(iii) kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnosid-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-R]-7R),(iv) kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-G]-7R). In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000571] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized in that each of the two mutant alleles when present alone or together is / are unable to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant as measured by a bioconversion assay based on HPTLC using extracts from E. coli expressing the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and / or mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000572] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized in that each of the two mutant alleles when present alone or together is / are unable to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant, wherein complementing the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant is characterized by restoring the activity and / or presence of one or more of the following kaempferols:(i) kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3R-7R),(ii) kaempferol-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3G-7R),(iii) kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnosid-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-R]-7R),(iv) kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-G]-7R), as measured by a bioconversion assay based on HPTLC using extracts from E. coli expressing the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and / or mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000573] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is each a knock-out mutant allele. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000574] In some embodiments, the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene exhibits a mutation in a nucleotide that codes for an amino acid residue, which amino acid residue is characterized by one or all of the following:(A) a residue that is not conserved across all FLS genes selected from Arabidopsis thaliana FLS1 gene, Arabidopsis thaliana FLS2 gene, Arabidopsis thaliana FLS3 gene, Brassica napus FLS2 gene, Brassica napus FLS3 gene, Brassica napus FLS3-3 gene, Brassica napus FLS3-4 gene.(B) a residue that is not involved in substrate binding,(C) a residue that is not involved in ferrous iron binding,(D) a residue that is not involved in 2-oxog I uta rate-binding(E) a residue that is not required for proper folding of the FLS1-1 protein. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000575] In some embodiments the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized in that each of the two mutant alleles when present alone or together is / are unable to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000576] In some embodiments the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized in that each of the two mutant alleles when present alone or together is / are unable to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-outmutant, wherein complementing the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant is characterized by restoring the activity and / or presence of one or more of the following kaempferols:(i) kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3R-7R),(ii) kaempferol-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3G-7R),(iii) kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnosid-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-R]-7R),(iv) kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-G]-7R). In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000577] In some embodiments the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized in that each of the two mutant alleles when present alone or together is / are unable to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant as measured by a bioconversion assay based on HPTLC using extracts from E. coli expressing the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and / or mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000578] In some embodiments the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is characterized in that each of the two mutant alleles when present alone or together is / are unable to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant, wherein complementing the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant is characterized by restoring the activity and / or presence of one or more of the following kaempferols:(i) kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3R-7R),(ii) kaempferol-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3G-7R),(iii) kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnosid-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-R]-7R),(iv) kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-G]-7R), as measured by a bioconversion assay based on HPTLC using extracts from E. coli expressing the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and / or mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000579] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene comprises both mutant alleles in homozygous form.[000580] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total phenol content such as flavonoid content or flavonol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above, wherein the total phenol content such as flavonoid content or flavonol content is altered as compared to the total phenol content such as flavonoid content or flavonol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000581] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total phenol content such as flavonoid content or flavonol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above, wherein the total phenol content such as flavonoid content or flavonol content is reduced as compared to the totalphenol content such as flavonoid content or flavonol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000582] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total flavonol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above, wherein the total flavonol content is altered as compared to the total flavonol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000583] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total flavonol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above, wherein the total flavonol content is reduced as compared to the total flavonol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000584] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above, wherein the total kaempferol content is reduced as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000585] In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols. In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3. In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3 such as glycosyl and / or sinapoyl moieties at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3.[000586] In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising at least one sophoroside moiety. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising at least one glucopyranoside moiety. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising at least one glucopyranoside moiety and at least one sophoroside moiety. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising at least one sophoroside moiety comprising a sinapoyl group. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising at least one glucopyranoside moiety comprising a sinapoyl group. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising only a 3-sophoroside moiety. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 3-sophoroside moiety comprising a sinapoyl group. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 7-glucopyranoside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 7-glucopyranoside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety in which the 3-sophoroside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 7-glucopyranoside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety in which the 7- glucopyranoside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 7-glucopyranoside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety in which both comprise a sinapoyl group. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising three glucopyranoside moieties. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 3-, 4' and 5- glucopyranoside moiety. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 3-, 4' and 5- glucopyranoside moiety in which at least one glucopyranoside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 3-, 4' and 5- glucopyranoside moiety in which the 4'-glucopyranoside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising only a 3- g I ucopyra noside moiety. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 3-g I ucopyra noside moiety and a 4'- glucopyranoside moiety in which the 4'- glucopyranoside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group.[000587] In some embodiments, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000588] In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols. In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3. In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3 such as glycosyl and / or sinapoyl moieties at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3.[000589] In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising at least one of(i) at least one sophoroside moiety,(ii) at least one glucopyranoside moiety,(iii) at least one glucopyranoside moiety and at least one sophoroside moiety,(iv) at least one sophoroside moiety comprising a sinapoyl group,(v) at least one glucopyranoside moiety comprising a sinapoyl group,(vi) only a 3-sophoroside moiety,(v) a 3-sophoroside moiety comprising a sinapoyl group(vi) a 7-glucopyranoside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety,(vii) a 7-glucopyranoside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety in which the 3-sophoroside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group,(viii) a 7-glucopyranoside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety in which the 7-glucopyranoside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group,(ix) a 7-glucopyranoside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety in which both comprise a sinapoyl group,(x) three glucopyranoside moieties,(xi) a 3-, 4' and 5- glucopyranoside moiety,(xii) a 3-, 4' and 5- glucopyranoside moiety in which at least one glucopyranoside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group,(xiii) a 3-, 4' and 5- glucopyranoside moiety in which the 4'-g I ucopyra noside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group,(xiv) only a 3-glucopyranoside moiety,(xv) a 3-glucopyranoside moiety and a 4'- glucopyranoside moiety in which the 4'- glucopyranoside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group.[000590] In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 7-glucopyranoside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety in which the 3-sophoroside moiety does not comprise a sinapoyl group.[000591] In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 3-sophoroside moiety in which the 3-sophoroside moiety may or may not comprise a sinapoyl group and in which no glucopyranoside moiety is present.[000592] In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 3-sophoroside moiety that does not comprise a sinapoyl group and a glucopyranoside moiety that comprises a sinapoyl group.[000593] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K3Soph7Glc, K3OSS7GIC, K4GlcSin3,7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc, K3Glc, K3Glc4SinGlc and K3OSS7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000594] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to one or more of K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K30SS, K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000595] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1gene and a wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K3Soph7Glc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000596] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K3Soph. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000597] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K30SS. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000598] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000599] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the total kaempferol content is altered as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to K30SS and one or more of K3Soph7Glc, K3Soph, K3Soph7SinGlc. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000600] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene together results in reduction of the total kaempferol content as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000601] In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols. In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3. In some embodiments, kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3 such as glycosyl and / or sinapoyl moieties at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3.[000602] In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising at least one sophoroside moiety. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising at least one glucopyranoside moiety. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising at least one glucopyranoside moiety and at least one sophoroside moiety. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising at least one sophoroside moiety comprising a sinapoyl group. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising at least one glucopyranoside moiety comprising a sinapoyl group. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising only a 3-sophoroside moiety. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 3-sophoroside moiety comprising a sinapoyl group. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 7-glucopyranoside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 7- glucopyranoside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety in which the 3-sophoroside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 7-glucopyranoside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety in which the 7- glucopyranoside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 7-glucopyranoside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety in which both comprise a sinapoyl group. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising three glucopyranoside moieties. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 3-, 4' and 5- glucopyranoside moiety. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 3-, 4' and 5- glucopyranoside moiety in which at least one glucopyranoside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 3-, 4' and 5- glucopyranoside moiety in which the 4'-glucopyranoside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising only a 3- g I ucopyra noside moiety. In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 3-g I ucopyra noside moiety and a 4'- glucopyranoside moiety in which the 4'- glucopyranoside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group.[000603] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene together results in reduction of the total kaempferol content as compared to the total kaempferol content in a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type FLS1-2 gene. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000604] In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising at least one of(i) at least one sophoroside moiety,(ii) at least one glucopyranoside moiety,(iii) at least one glucopyranoside moiety and at least one sophoroside moiety,(iv) at least one sophoroside moiety comprising a sinapoyl group,(v) at least one glucopyranoside moiety comprising a sinapoyl group,(vi) only a 3-sophoroside moiety,(v) a 3-sophoroside moiety comprising a sinapoyl group(vi) a 7-g I ucopyra noside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety,(vii) a 7-g I ucopyra noside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety in which the 3-sophoroside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group,(viii) a 7-glucopyranoside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety in which the 7-glucopyranoside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group,(ix) a 7-glucopyranoside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety in which both comprise a sinapoyl group,(x) three glucopyranoside moieties,(xi) a 3-, 4' and 5- glucopyranoside moiety,(xii) a 3-, 4' and 5- glucopyranoside moiety in which at least one glucopyranoside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group,(xiii) a 3-, 4' and 5- glucopyranoside moiety in which the 4'-g I ucopyra noside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group,(xiv) only a 3-glucopyranoside moiety,(xv) a 3-glucopyranoside moiety and a 4'- glucopyranoside moiety in which the 4'- glucopyranoside moiety comprises a sinapoyl group.[000605] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene together results in reduction of the total kaempferol content as compared to the total kaempferol content. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000606] In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 7-glucopyranoside moiety and a 3-sophoroside moiety in which the 3-sophoroside moiety does not comprise a sinapoyl group.[000607] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene together results in reduction of the total kaempferol content as compared to the total kaempferol content. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000608] In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 3-sophoroside moiety in which the 3-sophoroside moiety may or may not comprise a sinapoyl group and in which no glucopyranoside moiety is present.[000609] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described above, wherein the mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene together results in reduction of the total kaempferol content as compared to the total kaempferol content. In some embodiments, the mutant allele is in homozygous form.[000610] In some embodiments, the total kaempferol content refers to the total kaempferols comprising a 3-sophoroside moiety that does not comprise a sinapoyl group and a glucopyranoside moiety that comprises a sinapoyl group.[000611] In one aspect of the invention, a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a total kaempferol content comprises a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene as described a...

Claims

Claims1. A Brassica plant or part thereof comprising:(i) a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene,(ii) a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, or(iii) a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type FLS1-2 gene.

2. The Brassica plant or part thereof of claim 1, wherein item (i) results in at least one of the following:(a) an altered gene expression such as reduced gene expression of the FLS1-1 gene compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene,(b) production of an FLS1-1 protein with an altered function such as loss of function compared to FLS1-1 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene,(c) production of an FLS1-1 protein that is truncated and / or comprising a deletion, a truncation, an insertion and / or a replacement of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-1 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, and / or item (ii) results in at least one of the following:(a) an altered gene expression such as reduced gene expression of the FLS1-2 gene compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene,(b) production of an FLS1-2 protein with an altered function such as loss of function compared to FLS1-2 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene,(c) production of an FLS1-2 protein that is truncated and / or comprising a deletion, a truncation, an insertion and / or a replacement of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-2 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, and / or item (iii) results in at least one of the following:(a) an altered gene expression such as reduced gene expression of the FLS1-1 gene compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene,(b) production of an FLS1-1 protein with an altered function such as loss of function compared to FLS1-1 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene,(c) production of an FLS1-1 protein that is truncated and / or comprising a deletion, a truncation, an insertion and / or a replacement of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-1 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene,(d) an altered gene expression such as reduced gene expression of the FLS1-2 gene compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene,(e) production of an FLS1-2 protein with an altered function such as loss of function compared to FLS1-2 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene,(f) production of an FLS1-2 protein that is truncated and / or comprising a deletion, a truncation, an insertion and / or a replacement of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-2 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene,(g) an altered gene expression such as reduced gene expression of the FLS1-1 gene compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and altered gene expression such as a reduced gene expression of the FLS1-2 gene compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene,(h) production of an FLS1-1 protein with an altered function such as loss of function compared to FLS1-1 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and production of an FLS1-2 protein with an altered function such as loss of function compared to FLS1-2 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene,(i) production of an FLS1-1 protein that is truncated and / or comprising a deletion, a truncation, an insertion and / or a replacement of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-1 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and production of an FLS1- 2 protein that is truncated and / or comprising a deletion, a truncation, an insertion and / or a replacement of one or more amino acids compared to FLS1-2 protein encoded by a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene.

3. The Brassica plant or part thereof of any one of claims 1 to 2, comprising a total phenol content such as flavonoid or flavonol content preferably a total kaempferol content, wherein item (i) results in altered total phenol content such as flavonoid or flavonol content preferably altered total kaempferol content as compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, item (ii) results in altered total phenol content such as flavonoid or flavonol content preferably altered total kaempferol content as compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, and / or item (iii) results in altered total phenol content such as flavonoid or flavonol content preferably altered total kaempferol content as compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene.

4. The Brassica plant or part thereof of any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a total kaempferol content, wherein items (i) and (iii) each results in reduced total content of kaempferols and item (ii) results in increased total content of kaempferols, wherein the mutant allele of the FLS1-2 gene in items (ii) and (iii) is the same mutant allele, as compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprisinga wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene, a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, respectively,5. The Brassica plant or part thereof of claim 3 or 4, comprising a total kaempferol content, wherein the kaempferol content refers to glycosylated kaempferols, glycosylated kaempferols at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3 such as glycosyl and / or sinapoyl moieties at one or more of the positions 4', 7, and 3, one or more of Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-glucopyranoside, Kaempferol-3-O- sophoroside, Kaempferol-3-O-(2 ' ' '-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside), and Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O- (2"-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside), and / orKaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-glucopyranoside, Kaempferol-3-O-(2 " '-O-sinapoyl- sophoroside)-7-O-glucopyranoside, Kaempferol-4 '-(6-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside)-3,7-di-O- glucopyranoside, Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside, Kaempferol-3-O-(2 " '-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside), Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-(2"-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside), Kaempferol-3-O-glucopyranoside, Kaempferol-3-O-(2 " '-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside)-7-O-(6-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside) and Kaempferol- 4 ' -(6-O-si na poyl-g I ucopyranoside)-3-O-g I ucopyra noside.

6. The Brassica plant or part thereof of any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein item (iii) results in(A) the total kaempferol content that is reduced to 60% or less as compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene,(B) reduction of the total kaempferol content by at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 95% as compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene,(C) the total kaempferol content that is reduced to a maximum of 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10%, 5% or 1% as compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1- 1 gene and a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene,(D) the total kaempferol content that is reduced by at least 90 to 95% as compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to one or more of Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O- glucopyranoside, Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside, Kaempferol-3-O-(2 " '-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside), and Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-(2"-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside),(E) the total kaempferol content that is reduced by at least 90 to 95% as compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene, wherein the kaempferol content refers to Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-glucopyranoside, Kaempferol-3-O-(2 ' ' '-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside)-7-O-glucopyranoside, Kaempferol-4 '-(6-O-sinapoyl- glucopyranoside)-3,7-di-O-glucopyranoside, Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside, Kaempferol-3-O-(2 " '-O- sinapoyl-sophoroside), Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-(2 ' '-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside),Kaempferol-3-O-glucopyranoside, Kaempferol-3-O-(2 ' ' '-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside)-7-O-(6-O-sinapoyl- glucopyranoside) and Kaempferol-4 '-(6-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside)-3-O-glucopyranoside,(F) the total kaempferol content of no greater than 100 pg / g as measured by UPLC / MS / MS, wherein the kaempferol content refers to one or more of Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-glucopyranoside, Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside, Kaempferol-3-O-(2 ' "-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside), and Kaempferol-3-O- sophoroside-7-O-(2 ' '-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside),(G) the total kaempferol content of no greater than 100 pg / g as measured by UPLC / MS / MS, wherein the kaempferol content refers to Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-glucopyranoside, Kaempferol-3-O- (2 ' ' '-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside)-7-O-glucopyranoside, Kaempferol-4 '-(6-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside)- 3,7-di-O-glucopyranoside, Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside, Kaempferol-3-O-(2 " '-O-sinapoyl- sophoroside), Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-(2 ' '-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside), Kaempferol-3-O- glucopyranoside, Kaempferol-3-O-(2 ' ' '-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside)-7-O-(6-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside) and Kaempferol-4 '-(6-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside)-3-O-glucopyranoside,(H) the total kaempferol content of no greater than 5 pg / g as measured by UPLC / MS / MS, wherein the kaempferol content refers to Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside,(I) the total kaempferol content of no greater than 5% as compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene wherein the kaempferol content refers to one or more of Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-glucopyranoside, Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside, Kaempferol-3-O-(2 " '-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside), and Kaempferol-3-O- sophoroside-7-O-(2 "-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside), and / or(J) total kaempferol content of no greater than 5% as compared to a Brassica plant or part thereof comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene wherein the kaempferol content refers to Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-glucopyranoside, Kaempferol-3-O- (2 ' ' '-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside)-7-O-glucopyranoside, Kaempferol-4 '-(6-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside)- 3,7-di-O-glucopyranoside, Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside, Kaempferol-3-O-(2 " '-O-sinapoyl- sophoroside), Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-(2 ' '-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside), Kaempferol-3-O- glucopyranoside, Kaempferol-3-O-(2 ' ' '-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside)-7-O-(6-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside) and Kaempferol-4 '-(6-O-sinapoyl-glucopyranoside)-3-O-glucopyranoside.

7. The Brassica plant or part thereof of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the mutant allele of the FLS1-1 and / or FLS1-2 gene is in homozygous form.

8. The Brassica plant or part thereof of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein theFLS1-1 mutant allele of items (i) and (iii) is a knock-out mutant allele or a loss of function mutation, FLS1-2 mutant allele of items (ii) and (iii) is a knock-out mutant allele or a loss of function mutation, and / orFLS1-1 mutant allele and the FLS1-2 mutant allele of item (iii) is a knock-out mutant allele or a loss of function mutation.

9. The Brassica plant or part thereof of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the mutant allele is characterized by at least one of the following:(A) a deletion mutation,(B) an insertion mutation(C) a frameshift mutation,(D) a stop codon mutation,(E) a splice site mutation,(F) a missense mutation,(G) an epigenetic modification preferably a DNA methylation,(H) a translocation mutation,(I) a promoter mutation.

10. The Brassica plant or part thereof of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein items (i) and (iii) each is a mutation due to a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 71, or a lower, or a higher amino acid position corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1- 1 protein, and / or items (ii) and (iii) each is a mutation due to a stop codon mutation at a position that codes for an amino acid position 148, or a lower, or a higher amino acid position corresponding to a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein.

11. The part of the Brassica plant according to any one of claims 1-10, wherein said plant part is a leaf, anther, pistil, stem, petal, root, ovule, pollen, microspore, protoplast, callus, tissue, seed, flower, cotyledon, hypocotyl, embryo or cell, preferably a seed.

12. The Brassica seed according to claim 11, comprising a total kaempferol content, wherein the seed is characterized by at least one of the following,(A) the seed tastes less bitter as compared to a wild type Brassica seed as tasted by a subject, wherein the subject is an adult human,(B) the bitter taste threshold of each kaempferol selected from the total kaempferol content is greater than 7 pmol / L.

13. A Brassica germplasm that confers on the Brassica seed of claims 1 to 12, the features of any one of claims 1 to 10, or 12.

14. A fraction, preferably a protein fraction isolated from the Brassica plant or part thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 13, or a cruciferin-rich protein isolate of the Brassica seed of any one of claims 11 to 13, comprising a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a mutant allele of the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 genethat is characterized by a bitter taste intensity, wherein the bitter taste intensity is reduced by at least 50%, 70%, 80%, 90% or preferably 95% as compared to a cruciferin-rich protein isolate of a Brassica seed comprising a wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene and a wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene.

15. The Brassica plant or part thereof of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is at least one of the following:(A) a nucleic acid sequence that encodes for an amino acid sequence having at least 90% identity such as 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 1,(B) any Brassica FLS1-1 gene that is able to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant,(C) any Brassica FLS1-1 gene that is able to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant, wherein complementing the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant is characterized by restoring the activity and / or presence of one or more of the following kaempferols:(i) kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3R-7R),(ii) kaempferol-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3G-7R),(iii) kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnosid-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-R]-7R),(iv) kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-G]-7R),(D) any Brassica FLS1-1 gene that is able to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant as measured by a bioconversion assay based on HPTLC using extracts from E. coli expressing the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene,(E) any Brassica FLS1-1 gene that is able to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant, wherein complementing the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant is characterized by restoring the activity and / or presence of one or more of the following kaempferols:(i) kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3R-7R),(ii) kaempferol-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3G-7R),(iii) kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnosid-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-R]-7R),(iv) kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-G]-7R), as measured by a bioconversion assay based on HPTLC using extracts from E. coli expressing the wild type Brassica napus FLS1-1 gene.

16. The Brassica plant or part thereof of any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is at least one of the following:(A) a nucleic acid sequence that encodes for an amino acid sequence having at least 90% identity such as 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 2,(B) any Brassica FLS1-2 gene that is able to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant,(C) any Brassica FLS1-2 gene that is able to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant, wherein complementing the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant is characterized by restoring the activity and / or presence of one or more of the following kaempferols:(i) kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3R-7R),(ii) kaempferol-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3G-7R),(iii) kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnosid-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-R]-7R),(iv) kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-G]-7R),(D) any Brassica FLS1-2 gene that is able to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant as measured by a bioconversion assay based on HPTLC using extracts from E. coli expressing the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene,(E) any Brassica FLS1-2 gene that is able to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant, wherein complementing the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant is characterized by restoring the activity and / or presence of one or more of the following kaempferols:(i) kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3R-7R),(ii) kaempferol-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3G-7R),(iii) kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnosid-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-R]-7R),(iv) kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-G]-7R), as measured by a bioconversion assay based on HPTLC using extracts from E. coli expressing the wild type Brassica napus FLS1-2 gene.

17. The Brassica plant or part thereof of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 gene is defined by a nucleic acid sequence having at least 90% such as 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:

318. The Brassica plant or part thereof of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 gene is defined by a nucleic acid sequence having at least 90% such as 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 4.

19. The Brassica plant or part thereof of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 protein is defined by an amino acid sequence having at least 90% such as 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1.

20. The Brassica plant or part thereof of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein is defined by an amino acid sequence having at least 90% such as 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2.

21. The Brassica plant or part thereof of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the wild type Brassica FLS1-1 protein is at least one of the following:(A) an amino acid sequence having at least 90% identity such as 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 1,(B) any Brassica FLS1-1 protein that is able to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant,(C) any Brassica FLS1-1 protein that is able to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant, wherein complementing the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant is characterized by restoring the activity and / or presence of one or more of the following kaempferols:(i) kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3R-7R),(ii) kaempferol-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3G-7R),(iii) kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnosid-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-R]-7R),(iv) kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-G]-7R),(D) any Brassica FLS1-1 protein that is able to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant as measured by a bioconversion assay based on HPTLC using extracts from E. coli expressing the Brassica FLS1-1 protein,(E) any Brassica FLS1-1 protein that is able to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant, wherein complementing the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant is characterized by restoring the activity and / or presence of one or more of the following kaempferols:(i) kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3R-7R),(ii) kaempferol-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3G-7R),(iii) kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnosid-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-R]-7R),(iv) kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-G]-7R), as measured by a bioconversion assay based on HPTLC using extracts from E. coli expressing the Brassica napus FLS1-1 protein.

22. The Brassica plant or part thereof of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the wild type Brassica FLS1-2 protein is at least one of the following:(A) an amino acid sequence having at least 90% identity such as 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 2,(B) any Brassica FLS1-2 protein that is able to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant,(C) any Brassica FLS1-2 protein that is able to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant, wherein complementing the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant is characterized by restoring the activity and / or presence of one or more of the following kaempferols:(i) kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3R-7R),(ii) kaempferol-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3G-7R),(iii) kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnosid-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-R]-7R),(iv) kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-G]-7R),(D) any Brassica FLS1-2 protein that is able to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant as measured by a bioconversion assay based on HPTLC using extracts from E. coli expressing the Brassica FLS1-2 protein,(E) any Brassica FLS1-2 protein that is able to complement the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant, wherein complementing the flsl A. thaliana knock-out mutant is characterized by restoring the activity and / or presence of one or more of the following kaempferols:(i) kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3R-7R),(ii) kaempferol-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3G-7R),(iii) kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnosid-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-R]-7R),(iv) kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside (K-3[G-G]-7R), as measured by a bioconversion assay based on HPTLC using extracts from E. coli expressing the Brassica napus FLS1-2 protein.

23. A method for producing a Brassica plant or part thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 22 comprising,(1) inducing any one of the mutant alleles of items (i), (ii), and (iii) preferably by TILLING or in-silico TILLING, Zinc Finger Nuclease (ZFN), Oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis (ODM), TALENS, RNAi, synthetic antisense oligonucleotides, and / or CRISPR,(2) identifying the mutant allele induced in (1), above, and(3) optionally growing the plant or plant part with the identified mutant allele from (2), above.***

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