Cognitive training system and method using the system

Abstract

A training system comprising an enclosure having a base, and an open top, configured to accommodate a user during the training procedure, a sensor assembly unit for measuring EEG activity of the user and outputting sensor information, a feedback unit for providing feedback to the user and a processing unit wherein the processing unit is configured to collect sensor information from the sensor assembly unit, and configured to control the feedback unit to send a feedback to the user based on the sensor information collected from the sensor assembly unit and the enclosure further comprising a dry floating bed situated on the base of the enclosure having a surface configured to allow the user to sit in clinostatic position and a lid configured to cover the open top and isolate the user from outside stimuli and a method for training using said system.

Description

DESCRIPTIONField of the Invention

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of cognitive development and refers to a training system and a method for improving cognitive skills.State of the art

[0002] Cognitive skills, also known as cognitive abilities or cognitive functions, refer to a set of mental processes and capabilities that enable individuals to acquire, process, store, and apply information from their surroundings and experiences. These skills are essential for understanding and navigating the world, solving problems, making decisions, and learning new things. Cognitive skills encompass a wide range of mental functions, including memory, attention, perception, language and communication, reasoning and problem-solving, executive functioning, spatial awareness, information processing, creativity, working memory etc., Cognitive skills are not fixed but can be developed and improved through education, training, practice, and life experiences. They play a fundamental role in academic achievement, career success, and everyday life, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world around them.

[0003] Brain training has gained significant attention in recent years as an effective means to improve cognitive performance. Brain training systems are specialized tools and programs that use a combination of exercises, games, and feedback mechanisms to stimulate and challenge the brain, helping individuals improve their mental agility and performance. Users engage in structured activities that adapt to their skill level and provide real-time feedback, making brain training an engaging and effective way to boost cognitive abilities. Examples include neurofeedback, metacognition training, cognitive training games, mindfulness and meditation, brain computer interfaces, spaced repetition, biofeedback and so on.

[0004] Neurofeedback is a therapeutic technique that aims to help individuals regulate their brain activity by providing real-time information about their neural functioning. The principle behind neurofeedback is based on the idea of self-regulation and operant conditioning. It begins with the measurement of brainwave activity using technologies such as Electroencephalography (EEG), Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), or Magnetoencephalography (MEG). EEG is the most common method due to its accessibility and real-time monitoring capabilities. The recorded brainwave signals are processed and analysed to identify specific patterns of neural activity. These patterns are associated with different cognitive states, emotions, or behaviours.Common brainwave frequencies include delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma. The processed brainwave data is then presented to the individual in real time through various forms of feedback. This feedback can take the form of visual, auditory, or tactile cues, depending on the neurofeedback system used. The key principle of neurofeedback is operant conditioning. Through repeated exposure to the feedback, individuals learn to consciously or unconsciously modify their brainwave patterns. When their brain activity aligns with the desired state, they receive positive reinforcement through the feedback, making it more likely for them to continue producing those patterns. The specific brainwave patterns targeted depend on the individual's needs and the goals of the training program.

[0005] Metacognition refers to the awareness and understanding of one's own cognitive processes. It involves thinking about thinking and encompasses a range of mental activities that allow individuals to monitor, control, and regulate their cognitive functions. Metacognition involves two primary components: metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive control. Metacognitive knowledge involves understanding one's cognitive processes, including knowledge about how memory works, strategies for problem-solving, and the ability to assess one's own skills and knowledge. Metacognitive control refers to the ability to use metacognitive knowledge to plan, monitor, and adjust one's cognitive activities. It involves making decisions about when and how to apply specific strategies, how to allocate attention and resources, and when to seek additional information or assistance. Metacognition is a crucial aspect of learning, problem-solving, and decision-making. It allows individuals to adapt to new situations, learn from experience, and improve their cognitive performance over time. When people are aware of their own thinking processes and can regulate them effectively, they are more likely to become better learners and problem solvers. Metacognitive skills are often taught and developed through educational strategies and interventions. For example, teachers may encourage students to reflect on their learning strategies, set goals, and engage in self-assessment. This can help students become more effective learners by understanding how they learn best and making conscious choices about their study methods and problem-solving approaches.

[0006] Cognitive Training Games often include a variety of cognitive games and exercises that challenge different cognitive functions, such as memory, attention, problem-solving, and language skills. Examples include Sudoku for logic, memory matching games, and crossword puzzles.

[0007] Mindfulness and meditation practices can be incorporated into brain training to improve focus, attention, and emotional regulation. These techniques can help reduce stress and enhance cognitive performance.

[0008] Working memory training exercises focus on improving an individual's ability to temporarily hold and manipulate information in their mind. These exercises can involve tasks that require remembering and processing sequences of numbers or symbols.

[0009] Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) allow individuals to control external devices or interfaces using their brain signals. BCIs are used in some advanced brain training systems to improve focus, communication, and cognitive control for individuals with severe physical limitations.

[0010] Spaced repetition is a learning technique that involves reviewing and testing knowledge at increasing intervals over time. It helps individuals retain information more effectively and is often used in language learning and memory improvement programs.

[0011] Brain training systems may include exercises that challenge problem-solving, reasoning, and critical thinking skills. These can involve logic puzzles, brainteasers, and strategic games.

[0012] Biofeedback techniques measure physiological responses (e.g., heart rate, skin temperature) and provide real-time feedback to help individuals learn to control these responses. Biofeedback can be used to reduce stress and anxiety, which can, in turn, improve cognitive performance.

[0013] While the existing brain training systems have shown promise in improving cognitive abilities, there remains a need for innovation and refinement in the field. Further developments that enhance the adaptability, engagement, and efficacy of brain training systems are sought after, and the present invention addresses these needs.Summary of the invention

[0014] The object of the present invention is to provide a training system and a method for improving cognitive skills which overcome the drawbacks described above.

[0015] In particular, the object of the present invention is to provide a training system and a method for improving cognitive skills which is more efficient and can provide more rapidly an improvement of the cognitive skills. This is achieved by performing a monitored metacognition training process in a sensory deprivation enclosure as described below, wherein the user is floating and experiencing a weightless sensation.

[0016] Surprisingly, the inventors of the present invention have determined that performing the metacognition training in a state similar to that of “being in the womb of the mother” (“womb-like state”) increases the neuroplasticity of the brain and promotes the synaptogenesis (formation of new connections) and the strengthening of the existing synaptic connections. This leads to a more efficient training resulting in a lower total training time needed to achieve the training goals.

[0017] The relationship between neuronal plasticity and metacognition lies in how changes in the brain's structure and function, which are characteristic of neuronal plasticity, can influence and interact with metacognitive processes. Neuronal plasticity refers to the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life, and metacognition involves thinking about and understanding one's own cognitive processes.

[0018] Neuronal plasticity plays a fundamental role in learning and memory. When we learn new information or develop new cognitive skills, such as problem-solving strategies, the brain undergoes changes at the neuronal level. This can involve the strengthening of existing synaptic connections (long-term potentiation) or the formation of new connections (synaptogenesis). As individuals acquire and refine metacognitive skills, these neural changes may facilitate more effective metacognition.

[0019] Neuronal plasticity enables the brain to adapt to new situations and challenges. Metacognition involves recognizing when cognitive strategies are ineffective and making adjustments.

[0020] Metacognition training programs rely on the brain's plasticity to facilitate the development of metacognitive skills. As individuals engage in metacognitive training, they experience changes in neural circuits related to self-awareness and selfregulation. A brain with high plasticity is more adaptable, allowing individuals to develop and modify metacognitive strategies to better suit their goals and tasks. Thus, training the brain when the user is in a “womb-like state” is more effective due to the increased neuroplasticity of the brain.

[0021] In summary, the relationship between neuronal plasticity and metacognition is a dynamic one. Neuronal plasticity allows the brain to adapt and reorganize in response to learning and cognitive challenges, and metacognition involves the awareness and regulation of one's cognitive processes. These two processes can interact, with metacognition influencing how individuals leverage neuronal plasticity to optimize their cognitive functioning, and neuronal plasticity supporting thedevelopment and refinement of metacognitive skills.

[0022] Therefore, a first aspect of the present invention concerns a training system comprising: an enclosure having a base, and an open top, configured to accommodate a user during the training procedure a sensor assembly unit for measuring EEG activity of the user and outputting sensor information; a feedback unit for providing feedback to the user; and a processing unit wherein the processing unit is: configured to collect sensor information from the sensor assembly unit, and configured to control the feedback unit to send a feedback, e.g. a reward, to the user based on the sensor information collected from the sensor assembly unit; the system further comprising: a dry floating bed situated on the base of the enclosure having a surface configured to allow the user to sit in clinostatic position and a lid configured to cover the open top and isolate the user from outside stimuli. In a preferred way, the dry floating bed according to the invention is configured to also deliver an imponderability status for the user. By stimuli, it is meant any external factors that evoke a response or reaction in the user and refers, in particular, to visual and / or auditory stimuli.

[0023] The sensor information is preferably continuously collected, meaning that there is a constant and uninterrupted flow of data being captured at a predetermined pace. This ensures that there is a consistent and up-to-date stream of information available for analysis or monitoring.

[0024] A dry floating bed, according to the present invention, typically consists of a waterbed-like surface made of a waterproof and buoyant material. The user lies down on this surface, and the bed is inflated to a specific level to create a comfortable and supportive contour that cradles the body. The key feature of a dry float bed is that it replicates the sensation of floating on water without the user coming into direct contact with water.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the lid is transparent to prevent users from feeling claustrophobic. In such a situation, the lid ensures that the user is prevented from hearing noises outside the training system. In addition, the light in the room in which the training system is situated may be turned off, to prevent the visual stimulation thereof.

[0026] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention the lid is made of acrylic and polyurethane polymers and mineral fillers. This material is inert, hypoallergenic, non-toxic, flame retardant, anti-bacterial, UV stable and eco-friendly.

[0027] In another embodiment of the present invention the enclosure further comprises a source of red and near infra-red light, preferably having a wavelength of approximately 1070 nm, which has positive effects on the brain, improves memory and focus.

[0028] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention the enclosure further comprises means for providing pulse electromagnetic field. Pulse electromagnetic field increases brain plasticity, enhances learning and memory processes, helps preserve cognitive function and protect against age-related cognitive decline, improves blood circulation and oxygen delivery to the brain and modulates cellular communication within the brain.

[0029] In another further embodiment of the present invention the sensor assembly unit for measuring EEG activity of the user and outputting sensor information is dry electrode EEG cap, preferably comprising Ag / AgCI coated soft polymer electrodes. The dry electrode EEG cap eliminates the need for messy and time-consuming gel application and cleanup, is more pleasant, less irritating, can be easily placed, provide a more stable electrical contact and the sensors are reusable.

[0030] The training system according to the present invention may be used with one enclosure as discussed above or with a plurality of enclosures and sensor assembly units. In such a situation, each enclosure is designed to fit one user and each sensor assembly unit is configured to measure the EEG activity of one user. The plurality of sensor assembly units may output sensor information to one processing unit or to multiple processing units. The feedback unit may be separate for each enclosure.

[0031] In a second aspect, the invention refers to a method for training the brain of a user comprising: a. placing a user in a clinostatic position in an enclosure of a training system as described above; b. measuring EEG activity of the user by a sensor information unit and outputting sensor information; c. providing feedback to the user based on the sensor information collected from the sensor assembly unit.

[0032] The sensor information is preferably continuously collected, meaning that thereis a constant and uninterrupted flow of data being captured at a predetermined pace. This ensures that there is a consistent and up-to-date stream of information available for analysis or monitoring.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the feedback in step c is further based on a predetermined goal. More specifically, the sensor information collected from the sensor assembly unit is analysed, processed and compared to the predetermined goal. Based on the result of the comparison, a feedback may be sent to the user in case the predetermined goal is reached or no feedback is sent to the user in case the predetermined goa is not reached.

[0034] Due to performing the training in a “womb-like state” the method is more efficient.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment of the method, it further comprises step: a1) of placing another user in direct contact with the user of step a). This is extremely useful for training a child in the presence of the mother which increases the effect of the “wo mb- 1 ike state”.

[0036] In a further preferred embodiment the method comprises the steps of: a2) placing a plurality of users in a clinostatic position in enclosures of a training system according to any of claims 1-8, situated in the same room; b2) continuously measuring EEG activity of the users by sensor information units and outputting sensor information; c2) providing feedback to each user based on the sensor information collected from the corresponding sensor assembly unit.

[0037] The feedback provided in step c2) may further be based on a predetermined goal, as explained above for step c).

[0038] When placing multiple users in the same room during the metacognition training, a state of synchronization is reached between the individual training processes. This is extremely beneficial for “slower” training users, whose training pace is increased by the presence of “faster” training user, further increasing the efficiency of the training method.

[0039] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the feedback provided in steps c) and / or c2) is audio signal.Brief list of the figures

[0040] Further characteristics and advantages of the invention will be more evident by the review of the following specification of a preferred, but not exclusive, embodiment,which is depicted for illustration purposes only and without limitation, with the aid of the attached drawings, in which:Figure 1 is a schematic view, of an embodiment of the present invention of a training system according to the invention.Detailed description of the invention

[0041] Referring to figure 1 , which depicts a training system according to an embodiment of the present invention of the present inventio, the training system comprises an enclosure having a base 1 , and an open top, configured to accommodate a user during the training procedure, a sensor assembly unit 2 for measuring EEG activity of the user and outputting sensor information, a feedback unit (not shown) for providing feedback to the user; and a processing unit (not shown) configured to continuously collect sensor information from the sensor assembly unit, and configured to control the feedback unit to send a reward to the user based on the sensor information collected from the sensor assembly unit. The system further comprises a dry floating bed 3 situated on the base of the enclosure having a surface configured to allow the user to sit in clinostatic position and configured to deliver an imponderability status for the user and a lid 4 configured to cover the open top such that it completely isolates the user from outside stimuli.

[0042] The primary element of the dry floating bed 3 is the bed surface itself, which is made of a waterproof and buoyant material. Common materials used include vinyl, PVC, or other plastics. This surface serves as the platform on which the user lies.

[0043] Beneath the waterproof surface, there are usually multiple chambers or bladders. These chambers are filled with fluid to create varying levels of buoyancy and support. The user's weight is evenly distributed across these chambers, providing a sensation of weightlessness.

[0044] The dry floating bed 3 may be equipped with an inflation system 5 that controls the fluid pressure within the chambers. The fluid pressure can be adjusted to provide an imponderability status for the user.

[0045] Optionally, the dry floating bed 3 may incorporate heating elements 6. These elements allow setting the temperature close to the body temperature to simulate the “wo mb- 1 ike state”.

[0046] Optionally the dry floating bed 3 is provided with a control panel (not shown) to allow the control of the pressure and temperature.

[0047] The dimensions of the dry floating bed should allow the user to sit in clinostaticposition. Preferably the dry floating bed 3 has length in the range 220-240cm and a width in the range 90 - 120 cm.

[0048] The lid 4 is configured to cover the open top such that it completely isolates the user from outside stimuli. Preferably, the lid is made of a mix of polymers and mineral fillers. More preferably the polymers are acrylic and polyurethane polymers. An example of such a material is TEKHNOS®. In addition to the ability to isolate the enclosure, the material is inert, hypoallergenic, non-toxic, flame retardant, antibacterial, UV stable and eco-friendly.

[0049] The training system ensures that the user is accommodated in “womb-like state”. Namely, the user feels that it is floating like in an imponderability state, in an environment having a temperature approximately the same with the body temperature, deprived of outside stimuli. The brain neuroplasticity is increased when the user is in the “womb-like state” and the metacognition training is more effective.

[0050] The sensor assembly unit 2 for measuring EEG activity of the user and outputting sensor information is preferably an EEG cap comprising EEG electrodes which come into contact with the scalp to detect the electrical activity of the brain. These electrodes are typically made of metal or conductive materials. EEG caps are used to assist with electrode placement, making it easier to affix electrodes to the scalp. EEG caps ensure that electrodes are placed precisely and maintain sufficient contact with the scalp. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the EEG cap is a dry electrode EEG cap. It comprises Ag / AgCI coated soft polymer electrode.

[0051] Compared with traditional wet electrode EEG systems, where conductive gel is applied to the scalp before electrode placement, the dry electrode EEG cap offers the following advantages: eliminates the need for messy and time-consuming gel application and cleanup. This makes the setup process quicker and more convenient for both the user and the EEG technician. is less invasive and more comfortable for the person wearing the cap. It does not involve the sensation of wetness or stickiness often associated with gel-based electrodes. gel-based electrodes can sometimes lead to skin irritation or allergic reactions, particularly with prolonged use. Dry electrodes reduce the risk of these skin issues. dry electrode caps are typically reusable, as they do not require the disposal of gel-soaked electrodes after each use. This can lead to cost savings over time.dry electrode caps are easier to clean and maintain compared to gel-based systems. They can often be wiped down or machine-washed, ensuring hygiene and prolonging their lifespan. dry electrode caps can be easily placed on the scalp and removed without the need for additional steps like gel application and cleanup. dry electrodes provide stable electrical contact with the scalp, leading to consistent and reliable EEG recordings. Gel-based electrodes may degrade in performance as the gel dries out over time. the absence of gel preparation significantly reduces the overall setup time for EEG recordings, which is particularly beneficial when conducting research involving multiple participants. produces less waste compared to disposable gel-based electrodes and reduces the environmental footprint associated with gel disposal.

[0052] The feedback unit plays a critical role in providing real-time information to the individual about their brain activity. This feedback helps the individual learn to selfregulate their brain functions.

[0053] The feedback unit presents the information to the individual in a user-friendly and understandable format. Common methods of feedback presentation include audio signals, visual displays, tactile signals or a combination of thereof. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the feedback is provided as audio signal. Audio feedback is a common choice in neurofeedback systems because it offers real-time auditory cues that individuals can easily interpret. Audio signals can comprise:Tones: Different pitches or frequencies of tones can represent specific brainwave patterns. For example, achieving the desired brainwave state may result in a pleasant or calming tone, while deviations may produce less pleasant or discordant sounds or no sound at all.Music: The music's tempo, volume, or harmonic qualities may change in response to the individual's brainwave activity.Binaural Beats: Binaural beats involve playing two slightly different frequencies in each ear to create a perceived third frequency. The brain can entrain to this third frequency, which can be used to encourage specific brainwave states.

[0054] The processing unit is configured to continuously collect sensor information from the sensor assembly unit. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the processing unit includes amplifiers that increase the amplitude of the EEG signalswhile maintaining their integrity, because EEG signals are typically very weak and require amplification to make them suitable for real-time monitoring and feedback. The processing unit also processes the EEG signals to extract specific frequency bands of interest. The training method targets specific brainwave frequencies, such as alpha, beta, theta, or delta waves. Signal processing algorithms filter and analyse the EEG data to isolate these frequency components. The processed EEG data is continuously analysed in real-time to provide feedback. The processing unit may use various algorithms and statistical methods to quantify brainwave patterns and deviations from the desired state. According to the values of the processed EEG data the processing unit controls the feedback unit to send a reward to the user, as explained above.

[0055] In another embodiment of the present invention the amplifier can be provided as an independent unit. An example of such an amplifier is a 24-channel amplifier, for example eego™ 24 amplifier.

[0056] In another embodiment of the present invention the feedback unit can be incorporated in the processing unit.

[0057] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention the training system is further provided with a source of red and near infra-red light to provide photobimodulation (PBMT). PBMT is a non-thermal process involving endogenous chromophores eliciting photophysical and photochemical events at various biological scales. The use of red and near infra-red light to enhance the overall relaxation and well-being of individuals using the bed. Preferably the source provides near-infra red light which has positive effects on the brain, improves memory and focus. Most preferably, the source provides light with the wavelength of approximately 1070 nm.

[0058] In another embodiment of the present invention the training system further comprises means for providing pulse electromagnetic field (PEMF). PEMF technology involves the application of pulsating electromagnetic fields to the body, typically using specialized devices. PEMF therapy influences brain plasticity, the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections. This could potentially enhance learning and memory processes. PEMF has been studied for its potential neuroprotective effects, which could help preserve cognitive function and protect against age-related cognitive decline. PEMF improves blood circulation and oxygen delivery to the brain, which is crucial for optimal cognitive function. PEMF modulates cellular communication within the brain, influencing neurotransmitter release and receptor sensitivity, which are key factors in cognitive processes.

[0059] The training process for improving the cognitive skills is a metacognition training process. Specifically the method of training comprises the following steps: a) placing a user in a clinostatic position in an enclosure of a training system according to the invention; b) continuously measuring EEG activity of the user by a sensor information unit and outputting sensor information; c) providing feedback to the user based on the sensor information collected from the sensor assembly unit and on an expected sensor information associated with a predetermined goal.

[0060] Metacognition refers to the awareness and understanding of one's own cognitive processes. It involves thinking about thinking and encompasses a range of mental activities that allow individuals to monitor, control, and regulate their cognitive functions. Metacognition involves two primary components:Metacognitive Knowledge: This component involves understanding one's cognitive processes, including knowledge about how memory works, strategies for problemsolving, and the ability to assess one's own skills and knowledge. Metacognitive knowledge helps individuals answer questions like:"Do I understand this concept well enough to explain it to someone else?" "What strategies can I use to solve this problem effectively?""How can I remember and recall this information more efficiently?"Metacognitive Control: Metacognitive control refers to the ability to use metacognitive knowledge to plan, monitor, and adjust one's cognitive activities. It involves making decisions about when and how to apply specific strategies, how to allocate attention and resources, and when to seek additional information or assistance. Examples of metacognitive control include:Setting goals and objectives for a task.Monitoring one's progress toward a goal.Evaluating the effectiveness of a chosen learning or problem-solving strategy. Adjusting strategies or approaches based on feedback and self-assessment.Metacognition is a crucial aspect of learning, problem-solving, and decision-making. It allows individuals to adapt to new situations, learn from experience, and improve their cognitive performance over time. When people are aware of their own thinking processes and can regulate them effectively, they are more likely to become better learners and problem solvers.

[0061] The system uses the sensors placed on the scalp to measure electrical activity in the brain. The sensors record brain activity patterns, which are then converted into digital signals in real-time. The digital signals are processed in real time and compared with the individual's goal is to consciously modify their brain activity to achieve a desired state. As the individual attempts to change their brain activity to match the desired pattern, the feedback display responds in real-time. When the individual's brain activity aligns with the target, they receive positive feedback, such as an audio signal. If their brain activity moves away from the target, the feedback adjusts accordingly. Over time, through repeated sessions, the user learns to recognize and control their brain activity, ultimately achieving the desired state more consistently.

[0062] The method of training follows the learning theory of operant conditioning. Developed by psychologist B.F. Skinner, operant conditioning is based on the idea that behaviours can be shaped through a process of reinforcement and punishment. It is often referred to as "instrumental conditioning" because it emphasizes the role of behaviour as a means to achieve a particular outcome or goal.

[0063] Key components of operant conditioning include:Behaviour: Operant conditioning focuses on observable behaviours that an individual emits in response to a specific situation or environment.Consequences: The consequences that follow a behaviour are crucial in operant conditioning. These consequences can be classified into two main categories: Reinforcement: Reinforcement is a consequence that strengthens or increases the likelihood of the behaviour occurring again in the future. Positive reinforcement involves adding a reward or pleasant stimulus after the behaviour, while negative reinforcement involves removing an aversive stimulus to increase the behaviour.Punishment: Punishment is a consequence that weakens or decreases the likelihood of the behaviour happening again. Positive punishment involves adding an aversive stimulus after the behaviour, while negative punishment involves removing a rewarding stimulus to decrease the behaviour.

[0064] Operant conditioning is widely used in various fields, including education, therapy, and behaviour modification programs. It helps explain how behaviours are learned and maintained in response to their consequences and has practical applications in shaping and modifying behaviour.

[0065] In the present invention, positive reinforcement is used. The inventors of the present invention have determined that this is the most effective way of providingfeedback to enhance cognitive skills.

[0066] As explained hereinabove, the surprising effect of enhancing cognitive skills of the present invention is associated with performing the metacognition training when the user is in an “womb-like state”. This increases the neuroplasticity of neuroplasticity of the brain especially by promoting the synaptogenesis, and, finally, leads to a more efficient training.

[0067] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention of the method, the method further comprises a step a1) of placing another user in direct contact with the user of step a). For example, another user holds the hand of the user situated on the dry floating bed. The method is extremely efficient for training children, when the children is in direct contact with the mother. This enhances the effects of the “womb-like state” and further increases the efficiency of the training.

[0068] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention the method comprises the following steps a2) placing a plurality of users in a clinostatic position in enclosures of a training system according to any of claims 1-8, situated in the same room; b2) continuously measuring EEG activity of the users by sensor information units and outputting sensor information; c2) providing feedback to each user based on the sensor information collected from the corresponding sensor assembly unit and on an expected sensor information associated with a corresponding predetermined goal.

[0069] It has been observed by the inventors of the present invention that, when placing multiple users in the same room during the metacognition training, a state of synchronization is reached between the individual training processes. In this way, users who are “slower” during individual training are stimulated by the presence of “faster” training users and the general training process becomes more efficient. It is assumed that this is a consequence of the "interpersonal neural synchrony" or "neural coupling," which refers to the phenomenon where the brain activity of two or more people becomes synchronized or aligned when they engage in social interactions, collaborate on tasks, or share experiences. When users are engaged in similar training processes in the same room, their brain activity can become synchronized. This synchronization may involve the alignment of neural rhythms, including oscillations in different frequency bands like alpha, beta, or gamma.Experimental sectionExample 1Materials and method

[0070] The “womb” metacognition trainings were performed in a training device as disclosed in Embodiment of Fig. 1 , custom manufactured for the present invention. The duration of the training session was 30 minutes. A dry electrode EEG cap from ANT Neuro, Netherlands, waveguard™ original was used together with a 24-channel amplifier from, for example ANT Neuro, Netherlands, eego™ 24.

[0071] For comparative evaluation, some the users have previously undergone a “classic” metacognition training (BM-BCI® neural training program). The user is sitting in a chair / armchair or similar and according to the EEG signal collected by an EEG cap, when the signal is according to a previously set goal, he receives an audio or video feedback signal. Duration of the training session was 30 minutes.

[0072] The neural training formula BM (Brain Map) - BCI (Brain Computer Interface) (BM-BCI) is a non-invasive approach, which aims to optimise the oscillations of the human brain. The BM-BCI® neural training program improves brain functioning by conditioning the correlation of brain wave patterns, based on the quantitative evaluation of the encephalogram.Results

[0073] The users were required to describe the experience after the “womb” training.

[0074] S, male, 21 years old, he had previously participated to a packet of 11 sessions BM-BCI® neural training to improve concentration, focus, deep sleep and the ability to make decisions in context. He participated to 3 “womb” training sessions together with his mother. The mother gives the following description after the training session. “The process was very emotional, the connection I had with my son using the Womb was very powerful, feeling like the experience I had when I was pregnant with him." After 3 “womb” training sessions the user started actively looking for Universities to continue his education, he was able to select a University in Barcelona and enrolled by himself. He passed the entry exam and he is now a student at the University.

[0075] M, male, 19 years old, he had previously participated to 22 sessions BM-BCI® neural training to improve communication skills. After 5 “womb” training sessions together with his mother an improvement of the vocabulary has been seen, he started to better understand his emotions, he is better at understanding the external environment. He could communicate better with the others, explaining his feelings. Hewas able to perform actions based on understanding, managing emotions and then using them to explain what he feels.

[0076] R, male, 48 years old, he had previously participated to 11 sessions BM-BCI® neural training to improve sleep, to increase intuitive ability and to better manage the stress related to daily activities. After 4 “womb” training sessions he considers the sessions as a “mental shower”, with a remarkable effect on the state of relaxation. He sleeps more restfully, his intuitive ability has increased, he no longer gets angry, and he feels more energetic. He has a better relationship with the family.

[0077] E, female, 38 years old, she had previously participated to 11 sessions BM- BCI® neural training for managing emotions, improving deep sleep, increasing the quality of life and improvement of personal and couple relationships. After 4 “womb” training sessions she considers the experience as “a deeply spiritual transformation, I returned to my origins.”

[0078] AM, female 67 years old, she had previously participated to 11 sessions BM- BCI® neural training for increasing mental acuity, deep sleep, “brain refresh”. She had a very active life and after retirement she considered that she was slowing down too much, she was avoiding social interactions. After 3 “womb” training sessions she started to interact more with the others, she was feeling energetic, was sleeping better and was feeling more energized.

[0079] C, female, 14 years old, she had previously participated to 11 sessions BM- BCI® neural training for increasing the ability to concentrate for exams. After 2 “womb” training sessions together with her mother she is more present, much more active, she is no longer afraid of exams, and is better at concentrating.

[0080] As it can be seen, the users present improved cognitive abilities after 2-5 “womb” training sessions, better than after performing at least 11 sessions of BM-BCI® neural training.Example 2Materials and method

[0081] 8 users (3 males, 5 females) with an age varying from 23 to 49 years old (average 36 years old) have participated to 11 sessions of BM-BCI® neural training. After completing the BM-BCI® neural training they started “womb” training sessions (between 1 and 5 session, average number of “womb” training sessions is 3). They were requested to evaluate their experience by completing a questionnaire. They wererequested to score from 1 to 10, the agreement with the statement in the questionnaire (1 being strong disagreement and 10 being strong agreement).Results

[0082] The average values resulting from the scores given by the users are presented in Table 1 bellow:Table 1 Average score of the evaluation questionnaire:

[0083] All users have strongly agreed that the “womb” training is more efficient than the previous BM-BCI® neural training (maximum score 10). The average scores relating to the duration of the training sessions show that the training sessions are no burden to the users. The “womb sessions” have a significative effect on improving the attention, concentration, sleep the users are better at organizing.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A training system comprising:- an enclosure having a base (1), and an open top, configured to accommodate a user during the training procedure- a sensor assembly unit (2) for measuring EEG activity of the user and outputting sensor information;- a feedback unit for providing feedback to the user; and- a processing unit wherein the processing unit is: configured to collect sensor information from the sensor assembly unit, and configured to control the feedback unit to send a feedback to the user based on the sensor information collected from the sensor assembly unit; the system being characterised in that the enclosure further comprises: a dry floating bed (3) situated on the base of the enclosure having a surface configured to allow the user to sit in clinostatic position; and a lid (4) configured to cover the open top and isolate the user from outside stimuli.

2. The training system according to claim 1 wherein the lid is transparent.

3. The training system according to any of the previous claims wherein the lid is made of acrylic and polyurethane polymers and mineral fillers.

4. The brain training system according to any of the preceding claims wherein the enclosure further comprises a source of red and near infra-red light, preferably having a wavelength of approximately 1070 nm.

5. The brain training system according to any of the preceding claims wherein the enclosure further comprises means for providing pulse electromagnetic field.

6. The brain training system according to any of the preceding claims wherein the sensor assembly is a dry electrode EEG cap.

7. The brain training system according to claim 6 wherein the dry electrode EEG cap comprises Ag / AgCI coated soft polymer electrodes.

8. The brain training system according to any preceding claim containing a plurality of enclosures (1) and a plurality of sensor assembly units (2).

9. A method for training the brain of a user comprising: a) placing a user in a clinostatic position in an enclosure of a training system according to any of claims 1-8; b) measuring EEG activity of the user by a sensor information unit and outputting sensor information; c) providing feedback to the user based on the sensor information collected from the sensor assembly unit.

10. The method according to claim 9, further comprising before step b) step: a1) placing another user in direct contact with the user of step a).

11. The method according to claim 9, comprising the steps of: a2) placing a plurality of users in a clinostatic position in enclosures of a training system according to any of claims 1-8, situated in the same room; b2) continuously measuring EEG activity of the users by sensor information units and outputting sensor information; c2) providing feedback to each user based on the sensor information collected from the corresponding sensor assembly units.

12. The method according to any of claims 9-11 wherein the feedback provided in step c) and / or c2) is an audio signal.

13. The method according to any of claims 9-12 wherein the feedback provided in step c) and / or c2) is further based on a predetermined goal.

Images