Energy storage apparatus and energy storage system

Abstract

Provided in the present application are an energy storage apparatus and an energy storage system. The energy storage apparatus comprises a box, at least two mutually insulated input / output ends, and at least two mutually independent high-voltage loops, wherein each high-voltage loop comprises at least one battery, a plurality of batteries are accommodated in the box, and the high-voltage loops are electrically connected to the input / output ends in a manner of corresponding to each other on a one-to-one basis. The energy storage apparatus provided in the present application is beneficial for reducing the power requirements of the energy storage apparatus for a related charging mechanism, thereby reducing the cost of the related charging mechanism. In addition, more diversified and higher power requirements can be met, and it is convenient for the energy storage apparatus to adapt to various power requirements more flexibly. Therefore, a reduction in the usage cost of the energy storage apparatus is facilitated.

Description

Energy storage devices and energy storage systems

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202322643016.1, filed on September 27, 2023, entitled “Energy Storage Device and Energy Storage System,” the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present application relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to an energy storage device and an energy storage system. Background Art

[0004] With the rapid development of science and technology, electricity has become an indispensable energy source for people's production and daily life. To ensure smooth power supply and the normal operation of production and life, energy storage devices are needed. Energy storage devices, as electrical energy storage devices, store electrical energy in the device through charging or discharging, or supply stored energy to electrical devices. Energy storage devices are widely used in industrial power supply, household power supply, temporary power supply, mobile power supply, wind power generation, solar power generation, and energy storage power stations.

[0005] In the development of energy storage devices, in addition to improving their performance, reducing their operating costs is also an important issue that cannot be ignored. Therefore, reducing the operating costs of energy storage devices is a technical issue that requires continuous improvement in energy storage technology.

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present application provides an energy storage device and an energy storage system, which can reduce the use cost of the energy storage device.

[0008] In a first aspect, an energy storage device provided according to an embodiment of the present application includes a housing, at least two mutually insulated input and output terminals, and at least two mutually independent high-voltage circuits; each high-voltage circuit includes at least one battery, and multiple batteries are accommodated in the housing, and the high-voltage circuit is electrically connected to the input and output terminals in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0009] The energy storage device provided in the embodiment of the present application is provided with at least two input and output terminals and at least mutually independent high-voltage circuits, and the high-voltage circuits are electrically connected to the input and output terminals in a one-to-one correspondence. In this way, during the charging process of the energy storage device, multiple charging mechanisms can be used to independently charge each high-voltage circuit, which is beneficial to reducing the power demand of the energy storage device on the relevant charging mechanisms, thereby reducing the cost of the relevant charging mechanisms. Moreover, by connecting at least two or all of the high-voltage circuits of an energy storage device in series or in parallel, or by connecting at least one high-voltage circuit of an energy storage device in parallel with all of the high-voltage circuits of another energy storage device, more diverse and higher power requirements can be met, so that the energy storage device can adapt to various power requirements more flexibly. In this way, the use cost of the energy storage device can be reduced.

[0010] In some embodiments, each input and output terminal includes a busbar assembly, and each busbar assembly is electrically connected to a corresponding high-voltage circuit, facilitating electrical connection between batteries in the high-voltage circuit and the busbar assembly, and facilitating the series or parallel connection of corresponding batteries.

[0011] In some embodiments, each busbar assembly includes a mutually insulated positive busbar and a negative busbar. The positive busbar is electrically connected to the positive pole of the high-voltage circuit, and the negative busbar is electrically connected to the negative pole of the high-voltage circuit. The housing includes an insulating spacer, with the positive and negative busbars disposed on either side of the insulating spacer. This insulates the positive and negative busbars from each other, reducing the risk of short circuits within the high-voltage circuit of the energy storage device caused by the close proximity of the positive and negative busbars.

[0012] In some embodiments, adjacent positive busbars are staggered along the thickness of the positive busbars; and / or adjacent negative busbars are staggered along the thickness of the negative busbars. This helps increase the electrical clearance and creepage distance between adjacent positive busbars or negative busbars, reduces the risk of short circuits between adjacent positive busbars or adjacent negative busbars, and helps meet the safety requirements of energy storage devices.

[0013] In some embodiments, adjacent positive and negative busbars are staggered along the thickness of the positive busbars. This arrangement helps to further increase the electrical clearance and creepage distance between adjacent positive and negative busbars, further improving the safety performance of the energy storage device.

[0014] In some embodiments, the energy storage device further includes a plurality of insulating supports, which are sandwiched between the busbar assembly and the housing to space the busbar assembly and the housing. This arrangement improves the insulation performance between the busbar assembly and the housing, further improving the reliability of the energy storage device.

[0015] In some embodiments, the insulating support members used with the two staggered positive busbars have different dimensions along the thickness direction of the positive busbars, so that the two adjacent positive busbars are staggered along the thickness direction of the positive busbars. By providing the insulating support members with different dimensions along the thickness direction of the positive busbars to achieve a spacing between the two adjacent positive busbars, a simple structure can be used to increase the electrical gap between adjacent positive busbars, thereby simplifying the structure of the energy storage device.

[0016] In some embodiments, the insulating support members used with the two offset negative busbars have different dimensions along the thickness of the negative busbars, so that the two adjacent negative busbars are offset along the thickness of the negative busbars. This simple structure increases the electrical gap between adjacent negative busbars, thereby simplifying the structure of the energy storage device.

[0017] In some embodiments, the insulating supports used with the staggered positive and negative busbars have different dimensions along the thickness of the positive busbars, so that adjacent positive and negative busbars are staggered along the thickness of the positive busbars. This simple structure increases the electrical gap between adjacent positive and negative busbars, thereby simplifying the structure of the energy storage device.

[0018] In some embodiments, the insulating support is cylindrical, and the energy storage device further includes an insulating sheet sandwiched between the housing and the insulating support. This further improves the insulation performance between the busbar assembly and the housing. The insulating sheet also increases friction between the insulating support and the housing, reducing the risk of loosening the connection between the housing and the insulating support, thereby improving the reliability of the connection between the busbar assembly and the housing.

[0019] In some embodiments, each high-voltage circuit includes at least one battery cluster, each battery cluster comprising multiple electrically connected batteries. The energy storage device also includes multiple main control components, each electrically connected to a battery cluster in a one-to-one correspondence. This arrangement facilitates the normal operation of the battery clusters, and the independent control of multiple battery clusters in a high-voltage circuit facilitates timely adjustment of the operating parameters of the corresponding battery clusters, thereby improving the reliability of each battery cluster and further enhancing the reliability of the energy storage device.

[0020] In some embodiments, the energy storage device further includes at least two independent master control elements. Each master control element electrically connected to a battery cluster in a high-voltage circuit is electrically connected to a master control element, with each master control element corresponding to a high-voltage circuit. This helps maintain the independence of each high-voltage circuit and improves the reliability of the energy storage device.

[0021] In some embodiments, the energy storage device further includes a power distribution element electrically connected to at least two master control elements. Sharing a set of power distribution elements across multiple high-voltage circuits simplifies the structure of the energy storage device and improves its compactness.

[0022] In some embodiments, the energy storage device further includes a fire protection component electrically connected to at least two master control components. Sharing a set of fire protection components between at least two high-voltage circuits further simplifies the structure of the energy storage device and improves its compactness while still meeting relevant fire protection requirements.

[0023] In some embodiments, the input and output terminals, power distribution components, master control components, and fire protection components are located on the same side of the housing. This configuration simplifies the electrical connection lines of the related structures and further improves the compactness of the energy storage device.

[0024] In some embodiments, the input and output terminals are located below the power distribution components, the master control components, and the fire protection components in the direction of gravity. This arrangement facilitates electrical connection between the input and output terminals and the relevant charging mechanism or power-consuming device, and helps simplify the relevant connection wiring harness.

[0025] In some embodiments, the energy storage system further includes at least two heat exchange systems, each including a heat exchange element. Each heat exchange system corresponds to a high-voltage circuit, with the heat exchange element of each heat exchange system being used to exchange heat with the battery in the corresponding high-voltage circuit. This improves the heat exchange efficiency between the heat exchange element and the battery while also reducing energy consumption.

[0026] In some embodiments, the heat exchange element includes a first flow channel, and each heat exchange element corresponds to a battery. The first flow channels of the heat exchange element corresponding to at least some batteries in the same high-voltage circuit are connected in parallel. This improves the heat exchange efficiency between the heat exchange element and the battery, improves the temperature consistency of the batteries, and further improves the reliability of the energy storage device.

[0027] In a second aspect, the energy storage system provided according to an embodiment of the present application includes the energy storage device provided by any of the above embodiments.

[0028] The energy storage system provided in the embodiment of the present application has the same technical effects as the energy storage device provided in any of the above embodiments, and thus will not be described in detail here.

[0029] In some embodiments, the energy storage system further includes at least two charging mechanisms, each electrically connected to the input and output terminals in a one-to-one correspondence to charge the energy storage device. This one-to-one electrical connection between the charging mechanisms and the input and output terminals facilitates charging of the respective high-voltage circuits, reduces the power requirements of the charging mechanisms, and lowers charging costs.

[0030] In some embodiments, the bottom of the case, along the direction of gravity, has a through hole through which the charging mechanism's wiring harness is routed. This simplifies the wiring harness connecting the charging mechanism to the input and output terminals, helps conceal the charging mechanism's wiring harness, and reduces the risk of potential safety hazards caused by exposed wiring harnesses. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the drawings without creative work.

[0032] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy storage system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery cluster in an energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery cell in an energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] FIG5 is a partial enlarged view of point A in FIG4 ;

[0037] FIG6 is a front view of the energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] FIG7 is a right side view of the energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] FIG8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure along line BB of FIG7 ;

[0040] FIG9 is a partial enlarged view of point C in FIG8 ;

[0041] FIG10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery and the heat exchange element in the energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0042] In the drawings, the drawings are not drawn to scale.

[0043] Description of reference numerals:

[0044] 1. Energy storage system

[0045] 10. Energy storage device;

[0046] 11. Box body; 11a. Mounting surface; 111. First accommodating cavity; 112. Second accommodating cavity; 113. Insulating spacer; 114. Insulating sheet;

[0047] 12. Input and output terminals; 121. Busbar assembly; 121a. Positive busbar; 121b. Negative busbar;

[0048] 13. Main control components; 14. Master control components; 15. Power distribution components; 16. Fire protection components; 17. Insulation support components; 18. Heat exchange system; 181. Heat exchange components;

[0049] 20. Battery cluster; 21. Battery;

[0050] 30. Battery cell; 31. Housing; 31a. Accommodation cavity; 32. Electrode assembly; 321. Electrode body; 322. Tab; 33. Electrode terminal;

[0051] 40. Charging mechanism;

[0052] X, thickness direction of the positive busbar. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings are used to illustrate the principles of the present application, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, i.e., the present application is not limited to the described embodiments.

[0054] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means more than two; the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating directions or positional relationships, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. "Vertical" is not strictly perpendicular, but is within the allowable error range. "Parallel" is not strictly parallel, but is within the allowable error range.

[0055] References to "embodiments" in this application mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described in this application may be combined with other embodiments.

[0056] It should also be noted that, in the description of this application, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediary. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0057] The term "plurality" used in this application refers to two or more (including two).

[0058] In this application, battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary battery cells, lithium-ion primary battery cells, lithium-sulfur battery cells, sodium-lithium-ion battery cells, sodium-ion battery cells, or magnesium-ion battery cells, and the embodiments of this application are not limited thereto. Battery cells may be cylindrical, flat, rectangular, or in other shapes, and the embodiments of this application are not limited thereto.

[0059] The battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application may include one or more battery cells to provide a single physical module with higher voltage and capacity. When there are multiple battery cells, the multiple battery cells are connected in series, in parallel or in hybrid through a busbar.

[0060] In some embodiments, the battery may be a battery module; when there are multiple battery cells, the multiple battery cells are arranged and fixed to form a battery module.

[0061] In some embodiments, the battery may be a battery pack, which includes a case and battery cells, wherein the battery cells or battery modules are housed in the case.

[0062] In some embodiments, the energy storage device includes an energy storage container, an energy storage cabinet, etc.

[0063] A battery cell typically includes an electrode assembly. This assembly includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator. During the charge and discharge process of a battery cell, active ions (such as lithium ions) are inserted and removed between the positive and negative electrodes. The separator, located between the positive and negative electrodes, prevents short circuits while allowing the active ions to pass through.

[0064] Optionally, the electrode assembly is a wound structure, wherein the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet are wound into a wound structure.

[0065] Optionally, the electrode assembly is a laminated structure.

[0066] Optionally, the shape of the electrode assembly can be cylindrical, flat, or polygonal.

[0067] In related technologies, as energy storage devices are used, the power demands of related electrical equipment from the energy storage devices increase. As the power of the energy storage devices increases, the power demands of the related charging mechanisms also increase. However, high-power charging mechanisms are in low demand and in short supply, and they are also expensive. Consequently, the cost of charging high-power energy storage devices is high, significantly increasing the charging and operating costs of the energy storage devices.

[0068] In view of this, the embodiments of the present application propose a new technical solution. The technical solution described in the embodiments of the present application is applicable to energy storage devices and electrical devices using energy storage devices.

[0069] The energy storage system can be an energy storage power station, a wind power generation system, a solar power generation system, a mobile power system or a temporary power supply system. The energy storage power station can store electric energy during low electricity consumption, and provide electric energy to relevant users or electrical equipment during peak electricity consumption. The wind energy collected by the wind turbine of the wind power generation system is converted into electric energy, which is then stored by the energy storage device. The solar power generation system can convert solar energy into electric energy, which is then stored by the energy storage device and supplied to users in a timely manner. The mobile power system can supply power to relevant electrical equipment in places where the power grid power supply system cannot reach, such as remote mountainous areas, remote wilderness areas, etc. The temporary power supply system can supply power to users when the power supply is insufficient. The energy storage system provided in the embodiment of the present application can be any power system that requires an energy storage device.

[0070] As shown in FIG3 , the battery cell 30 described in the embodiment of the present application includes an electrode assembly 32 and a housing 31 . The housing 31 has a receiving cavity 31 a , and the electrode assembly 32 is received in the receiving cavity 31 a .

[0071] The outer shell 31 includes a shell 311 and an end cover 312. When assembling the battery cell 30, the electrode assembly 32 can be placed in the accommodating cavity 31a first, and then the end cover 312 is covered on the shell 311. Then, the electrolyte is injected into the accommodating cavity 31a through the electrolyte injection port on the end cover 312.

[0072] In some embodiments, the housing 31 may also be used to contain electrolytes, such as electrolytes. The housing 31 may be in various structural forms.

[0073] The housing 31 can have a variety of shapes, such as a cylinder, a rectangular parallelepiped, etc. The shape of the housing 31 can be determined based on the specific shape of the electrode assembly 32. For example, if the electrode assembly 32 has a cylindrical structure, the housing 31 can also be a cylindrical structure. If the electrode assembly 32 has a rectangular parallelepiped structure, the housing 31 can also be a rectangular parallelepiped structure. In FIG4 , for example, both the housing and the electrode assembly 32 have rectangular parallelepiped structures.

[0074] The shell 31 can be made of a variety of materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, etc., and the embodiment of the present application does not impose any special restrictions on this.

[0075] There may be one or more electrode assemblies 32 housed in the housing 31. In FIG4 , there are two electrode assemblies 32 housed in the housing 31.

[0076] As shown in Figures 1 to 4, in some embodiments, an energy storage device 10 according to embodiments of the present application includes a housing 11, at least two mutually insulated input and output terminals 12, and at least two independent high-voltage circuits. Each high-voltage circuit includes at least one battery 21, multiple batteries 21 housed within the housing 11, and the high-voltage circuits are electrically connected to the input and output terminals 12 in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0077] The high-voltage circuit is a circuit composed of the main components of the energy storage device 10 for storing and releasing electrical energy. The energy storage device 10 stores electrical energy in the battery 21 through the high-voltage circuit and releases the electrical energy stored in the battery 21 through the high-voltage circuit.

[0078] If at least two high-voltage circuits are independent of each other, any one of the high-voltage circuits can be charged or discharged independently of the other, without affecting the charging or discharging of the other high-voltage circuits. In other words, only at least one of the at least two high-voltage circuits can be charged, or multiple high-voltage circuits can be connected in parallel or in series at the input and output terminals 12 of the energy storage device 10 via external wires to increase power. Of course, it is also possible to charge other high-voltage circuits while discharging at least one high-voltage circuit.

[0079] If any two high-voltage circuits are independent of each other, then there may not be a strong electrical connection between the two high-voltage circuits, but this does not mean that there is no electrical connection at all. In fact, the two high-voltage circuits can be electrically connected to control elements, etc. respectively to transmit electrical signals. In this way, the two independent high-voltage circuits may have an indirect low-voltage electrical connection relationship.

[0080] If the high-voltage circuit includes at least one battery 21, then the high-voltage circuit may include one or more batteries 21. Optionally, the battery 21 may be in the form of a battery cell 30, a battery module, or a battery pack. A battery module may include multiple battery cells 30 connected in series or in parallel, and a battery pack may include multiple battery cells 30 connected in series or in parallel, and a battery pack case for accommodating the battery cells 30. The battery pack case includes an upper case and a lower case, which are fastened together to form a space for accommodating the battery cells.

[0081] Optionally, a fuse device, a current collection element, a voltage collection element, etc. may be connected in series in the high-voltage circuit to timely obtain the working status of the high-voltage circuit and control the fusing of the high-voltage circuit.

[0082] The high-voltage circuit and the input and output ends 12 are connected, and the charging mechanism 40 for charging the energy storage device 10 can be electrically connected to the input and output ends 12 to realize charging of the energy storage device 10, and the relevant electrical devices can also be electrically connected to the input and output ends 12 to realize providing the electrical energy of the energy storage device 10 to the electrical devices.

[0083] Optionally, the input and output ends 12 may include separate input terminals and output terminals, the input terminal may be used to electrically connect to the charging mechanism 40, the output terminal may be used to electrically connect to the electrical device, and the input terminal and output terminal are electrically connected to the high-voltage circuit respectively.

[0084] The input and output terminals 12 are electrically connected to the high-voltage circuits in a one-to-one correspondence. Thus, one input and output terminal 12 is electrically connected to only one high-voltage circuit, and one high-voltage circuit is electrically connected to only one input and output terminal 12, so as to realize independent charging or discharging of each high-voltage circuit.

[0085] When using the energy storage device 10, at least two high-voltage circuits can be connected in series or in parallel via connecting lines outside the energy storage device 10, or at least one high-voltage circuit of one energy storage device 10 can be connected in series or in parallel with all high-voltage circuits of another energy storage device 10 to meet the user's power requirements for the energy storage device 10.

[0086] The energy storage device 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application is configured to have at least two input and output terminals 12 and at least one independent high-voltage circuit, and to provide a one-to-one electrical connection between the high-voltage circuit and the input and output terminals 12. Thus, during the charging process of the energy storage device 10, multiple charging mechanisms 40 can be used to independently charge each high-voltage circuit, which helps reduce the power demand of the energy storage device 10 on the relevant charging mechanisms 40, thereby reducing the cost of the relevant charging mechanisms 40. Furthermore, by connecting at least two or all of the high-voltage circuits of an energy storage device 10 in series or in parallel, or by connecting at least one high-voltage circuit of one energy storage device 10 in parallel with all of the high-voltage circuits of another energy storage device 10, more diverse and higher power requirements can be met, allowing the energy storage device 10 to more flexibly adapt to various power requirements. This helps reduce the cost of using the energy storage device 10.

[0087] As shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 6 , in some embodiments, each input and output terminal 12 includes a busbar assembly 121 , and each busbar assembly 121 is electrically connected to a corresponding high-voltage circuit.

[0088] The busbar assembly 121 is electrically connected to the corresponding high-voltage circuit, and the busbar assembly 121 can be electrically connected to the battery 21 of the high-voltage circuit electrically connected to the corresponding input and output terminals 12. For example, multiple batteries 21 can be connected in series to form a battery cluster 20, and the multiple battery clusters 20 are then electrically connected to the busbar assembly 121 to achieve parallel connection of the multiple battery clusters 20.

[0089] The busbar assembly 121 can be set separately and electrically connected to the positive and negative poles of the high-voltage circuit respectively, or the busbar assembly 121 can be set as an integral whole and include two mutually insulated parts, and the two parts of the busbar assembly 121 are electrically connected to the positive or negative pole of the high-voltage circuit respectively.

[0090] The input and output end 12 may also include an input terminal or an output terminal, etc. The input terminal and the output terminal are electrically connected to the busbar assembly 121 respectively to achieve the purpose of electrically connecting the input and output end 12 with the charging mechanism 40 and the electrical device.

[0091] The input and output end 12 includes a busbar assembly 121 , which facilitates the electrical connection between the battery 21 of the high-voltage circuit and the busbar assembly 121 , and facilitates the series or parallel connection of the corresponding batteries 21 .

[0092] As shown in Figures 4 and 5, in some embodiments, each busbar assembly 121 includes a mutually insulated positive busbar 121a and a negative busbar 121b. Positive busbar 121a is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the high-voltage circuit, while negative busbar 121b is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the high-voltage circuit. The housing 11 includes an insulating spacer 113, with positive busbar 121a and negative busbar 121b disposed on either side of the insulating spacer 113.

[0093] The busbar assembly 121 includes a positive busbar 121a and a negative busbar 121b. The positive busbar 121a is electrically connected to the positive pole of the high-voltage circuit, and the positive poles of multiple batteries 21 connected in series or in parallel can be respectively connected to the positive busbar 121a. The negative busbar 121b is electrically connected to the negative pole of the high-voltage circuit, and the negative poles of multiple batteries 21 connected in series or in parallel can be respectively connected to the negative busbar 121b.

[0094] The positive busbar 121a and the negative busbar 121b may have the same structure, or the positive busbar 121a and the negative busbar 121b may have different structures, which can be selected according to actual needs.

[0095] The insulating spacer 113 separates the positive busbar 121a from the negative busbar 121b to achieve insulation isolation between the positive busbar 121a and the negative busbar 121b. Optionally, the spaces where the positive busbar 121a and the negative busbar 121b are located can be interconnected or isolated from each other.

[0096] For example, the box body 11 may include a first accommodating cavity 111 and a second accommodating cavity 112 , and the first accommodating cavity 111 and the second accommodating cavity 112 may be isolated from each other by an insulating spacer 113 .

[0097] The energy storage device 10 includes at least two positive busbars 121a and at least two negative busbars 121b. The at least two positive busbars 121a are accommodated in the first accommodating chamber 111. All of the positive busbars 121a corresponding to the multiple high-voltage circuits of the energy storage device 10 can be accommodated in the first accommodating chamber 111, or a portion of the multiple positive busbars 121a of the energy storage device 10 can be accommodated in the first accommodating chamber 111. Similarly, all of the negative busbars 121b corresponding to the multiple high-voltage circuits of the energy storage device 10 can be accommodated in the second accommodating chamber 112, or a portion of the multiple negative busbars 121b of the energy storage device 10 can be accommodated in the second accommodating chamber 112.

[0098] Optionally, the box body 11 may further include other chambers that are insulated and isolated from the first accommodating chamber 111 and the second accommodating chamber 112 , respectively, to accommodate at least two positive electrode busbars 121 a or at least two negative electrode busbars 121 b therein.

[0099] The first accommodating chamber 111 and the second accommodating chamber 112 of the housing 11 are insulated and separated by the insulating spacer 113. Therefore, the positive busbar 121a in the first accommodating chamber 111 and the negative busbar 121b in the second accommodating chamber 112 are insulated and isolated from each other. This reduces the risk of the positive busbar 121a in the first accommodating chamber 111 and the negative busbar 121b in the second accommodating chamber 112 being electrically connected to each other, thereby reducing the risk of shorting the high-voltage circuit of the energy storage device 10.

[0100] Therefore, the box body 11 is provided with an insulating spacer 113 to achieve insulation isolation between the positive busbar 121a and the negative busbar 121b through the insulating spacer 113, which is beneficial to reducing the risk of internal short circuit of the energy storage device 10 and further improving the reliability of the energy storage device 10.

[0101] As shown in FIG. 4 , FIG. 5 , FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 , in some embodiments, along the thickness direction X of the positive busbar, two adjacent positive busbars 121 a are staggered.

[0102] The thickness direction X of the positive busbar may be the minimum dimension direction of the positive busbar 121 a . In other words, the thickness direction X of the positive busbar may be the normal direction of the surface with the larger area of ​​the positive busbar 121 a .

[0103] In other words, along the thickness direction X perpendicular to the positive busbar, the projections of two adjacent positive busbars 121a are staggered so that there is sufficient electrical clearance and creepage distance between them, reducing the risk of the corresponding two positive busbars 121a being too close to each other, which is conducive to meeting the safety requirements of the energy storage device 10.

[0104] In some embodiments, along the thickness direction of the negative electrode busbar 121 b, two adjacent negative electrode busbars 121 b are staggered.

[0105] When the negative electrode busbar 121 b and the positive electrode busbar 121 a are installed in the same direction, the thickness direction of the negative electrode busbar 121 b may be the same as the thickness direction X of the positive electrode busbar.

[0106] In other words, along the thickness direction perpendicular to the negative busbar 121b, the orthographic projections of two adjacent negative busbars 121b are staggered so that there is sufficient electrical clearance and creepage distance between them, reducing the risk of the corresponding two negative busbars 121b being too close to each other, which is conducive to meeting the safety requirements of the energy storage device 10.

[0107] In some embodiments, along the thickness direction X of the positive busbars, adjacent positive busbars 121 a and negative busbars 121 b are staggered.

[0108] This is beneficial for increasing the electrical clearance and creepage distance between adjacent positive busbars 121 a and negative busbars 121 b , and is beneficial for further improving the safety performance of the energy storage device 10 .

[0109] As shown in Figures 4, 5, 8 and 9, in some embodiments, the energy storage device 10 further includes a plurality of insulating supports 17, which are sandwiched between the busbar assembly 121 and the box body 11 to space the busbar assembly 121 and the box body 11.

[0110] The insulating support 17 is made of insulating material and can be passed through the box body 11 , the insulating support 17 and the busbar assembly 121 via a connector to achieve the insulating support 17 being sandwiched between the busbar assembly 121 and the box body 11 .

[0111] The insulating support member 17 can be cylindrical or in other shapes. The insulating support member 17 can insulate the housing 11 and the busbar assembly 121 and provide a certain degree of support for the busbar assembly 121. The size of the insulating support member 17 can be adjusted as needed to adjust the position of the busbar assembly 121 relative to the housing 11.

[0112] Therefore, the insulating support 17 is provided and sandwiched between the busbar assembly 121 and the box body 11 , which is beneficial to improving the insulation performance between the busbar assembly 121 and the box body 11 and further beneficial to improving the reliability of the energy storage device 10 .

[0113] In some embodiments, the insulating support members 17 matched with the two staggered positive busbars 121a have different sizes along the thickness direction X of the positive busbars, so that the two adjacent positive busbars 121a are staggered along the thickness direction X of the positive busbars.

[0114] By setting the sizes of adjacent insulating supports 17 along the thickness direction of the positive busbar 121a to be different, the staggered setting of two adjacent positive busbars 121a is achieved, and the increase of the electrical gap and creepage distance between the positive busbars 121a is achieved through a simple structure, which is conducive to simplifying the structure of the energy storage device 10.

[0115] In some embodiments, the insulating support members 17 matched with the two staggered negative busbars 121b have different dimensions along the thickness direction of the negative busbars 121b, so that the two adjacent negative busbars 121b are staggered along the thickness direction of the negative busbars 121b.

[0116] In this way, by setting the insulating support member 17 to have different dimensions along the thickness direction, the electrical gap and creepage distance between two adjacent negative busbars 121 b can be increased, which is further conducive to simplifying the structure of the energy storage device 10 .

[0117] In some embodiments, the insulating support 17 that cooperates with the staggered positive busbar 121a and negative busbar 121b has different dimensions along the thickness direction X of the positive busbar, so that the adjacent positive busbar 121a and negative busbar 121b are staggered along the thickness direction X of the positive busbar.

[0118] In this way, by setting the insulating support 17 to have different dimensions along the thickness direction X of the positive busbar, the electrical gap and creepage distance between adjacent positive busbars 121a and negative busbars 121b are increased, which is further conducive to simplifying the structure of the energy storage device 10.

[0119] In some embodiments, the insulating support member 17 is columnar, and the energy storage device 10 further includes an insulating sheet 114 , which is sandwiched between the box body 11 and the insulating support member 17 .

[0120] The insulating support 17 can be in the shape of a hollow column, which makes it easy for the connector to pass through the insulating support 17 to achieve a tight connection between the busbar assembly 121 and the box body 11. The insulating sheet 114 can be insulating paper or the like. Providing the insulating sheet 114 between the insulating support 17 and the box body 11 is beneficial to further improve the insulation performance of the busbar assembly 121 and the box body 11. The insulating sheet 114 can also increase the friction between the insulating support 17 and the box body 11, reduce the risk of loose connection between the box body 11 and the insulating support 17, and help improve the connection reliability between the busbar assembly 121 and the box body 11. As shown in Figure 6, in some embodiments, each high-voltage circuit includes at least one battery cluster 20, and each battery cluster 20 includes batteries 21 electrically connected to each other. The energy storage device 10 also includes a plurality of main control elements 13, and the main control elements 13 are electrically connected to the battery clusters 20 in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0121] The battery cluster 20 includes electrically connected batteries 21. The batteries 21 may be in the form of a battery pack, a battery cell 30, or a battery module. The batteries 21 of the battery cluster 20 may be connected in series or in parallel. If a high-voltage circuit includes multiple battery clusters 20, the multiple battery clusters 20 of a high-voltage circuit may be connected in series or in parallel.

[0122] For example, a high-voltage circuit may include a plurality of battery clusters 20 connected in parallel, a battery cluster 20 includes a plurality of battery modules 21 connected in series, and a battery module 21 includes a plurality of battery cells 30 connected in series.

[0123] The main control element 13 may include elements such as fuses and relays. The main control element 13 is electrically connected to the battery 21. The main control element 13 can be electrically connected to the battery 21 through wires, etc. to obtain the operating parameters of the battery 21 during operation, such as voltage, current, and temperature, and can transmit low-voltage electrical signals to the battery cell 30 to control the battery 21 to perform operations such as power-off at appropriate opportunities to improve the safety performance of the battery 21.

[0124] The main control element 13 may further include a high-voltage wiring harness, and be electrically connected to the corresponding battery cluster 20 , so as to realize series or parallel connection of multiple battery clusters 20 through the high-voltage wiring harness, thereby forming a high-voltage circuit.

[0125] A main control element 13 is connected to each battery cluster 20 in a one-to-one correspondence. Each set of main control elements 13 controls the operating parameters of a battery cluster 20, such as current, voltage, and temperature. Control signals can also be fed back to the battery cluster 20 via the main control element 13, facilitating normal operation of the battery cluster 20. Furthermore, multiple battery clusters 20 in a high-voltage circuit are independently controlled. If one battery cluster 20 fails, the other battery clusters 20 can continue to operate normally. The high-voltage circuit will not be disabled due to a single battery cluster 20 failure, further improving the reliability of the energy storage device 10.

[0126] As shown in Figures 4 and 7, in some embodiments, the energy storage device 10 further includes at least two independent master control elements 14, where a main control element 13 electrically connected to a battery cluster 20 of a high-voltage circuit is electrically connected to one master control element 14, and the master control elements 14 correspond one to one with the high-voltage circuits.

[0127] The master control element 14 may include control elements, control circuit boards and other structures. The master control element 14 can determine whether the battery 21 is working abnormally based on information such as voltage, current or temperature transmitted by the main control element 13, and transmit relevant control signals to the main control element 13 so that the main control element 13 controls the battery 21 to adjust the working status in time to facilitate the normal operation of the battery 21.

[0128] The master control elements 14 correspond to the high-voltage circuits one-to-one, and the number of master control elements 14 and high-voltage circuits is equal, and the main control element 13 electrically connected to the battery cluster 20 in one high-voltage circuit is only electrically connected to one master control element 14, so that one master control element 14 controls one high-voltage circuit. That is, the master control elements 14 corresponding to different high-voltage circuits are separately arranged, which is beneficial to maintaining the independence of the operation of each high-voltage circuit and improving the operating reliability of the energy storage device 10.

[0129] As shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 7 , in some embodiments, the energy storage device 10 further includes a power distribution element 15 , and the power distribution element 15 is electrically connected to at least two of the master control elements 14 .

[0130] The power distribution element 15 may include a fuse, a relay, etc. The power distribution element 15 may convert the voltage or current of the high-voltage circuit of the energy storage device 10 into a suitable voltage and current and distribute the voltage and current to the corresponding electrical devices.

[0131] The distribution element 15 is electrically connected to at least two master control elements 14, so that multiple high-voltage circuits can share a set of distribution elements 15 while achieving the independence of the operation of each high-voltage circuit, which is beneficial to simplifying the structure of the energy storage device 10 and improving the structural compactness of the energy storage device 10.

[0132] Continuing to refer to FIG. 4 and FIG. 7 , in some embodiments, the energy storage device 10 further includes a fire protection component 16 , and the fire protection component 16 is electrically connected to at least two master control components 14 .

[0133] The fire protection element 16 may include a smoke sensor, an alarm device, a fire extinguishing device, etc. The fire protection element 16 can detect the occurrence of a fire in a timely manner and transmit relevant signals to the main control element 14 and related fire extinguishing devices, etc., so that the main control element 14 and related devices such as the fire extinguishing device can take measures to suppress or reduce the occurrence of a fire.

[0134] The fire protection element 16 is electrically connected to at least two master control elements 14 , so at least two high-voltage circuits share a set of fire protection elements. On the premise of meeting relevant fire protection requirements, it is beneficial to further simplify the structure of the energy storage device 10 and improve the structural compactness of the energy storage device 10 .

[0135] 4 and 7 , in some embodiments, the input and output terminals 12 , the power distribution component 15 , the master control component 14 , and the fire protection component 16 are disposed on the same side of the box 11 .

[0136] Optionally, the input and output terminals 12, the power distribution components 15, the fire protection components 16, and the master control components 14 corresponding to different high-voltage circuits can be housed in different accommodating chambers of the housing 11 and located on the same side of the housing 11. This arrangement helps simplify the electrical connection circuits of the relevant structures and further improves the structural compactness of the energy storage device 10.

[0137] 4 and 7 , in some embodiments, the input and output terminals 12 are disposed below the power distribution component 15 , the master control component 14 , and the fire protection component 16 along the direction of gravity.

[0138] The input / output terminals 12 can be used to electrically connect to the charging mechanism 40 or an electrical device to charge the energy storage device 10. Positioning the input / output terminals 12 below the power distribution component 15, the master control component 14, and the fire protection component 16 in the direction of gravity facilitates electrical connection between the input / output terminals 12 and the relevant charging mechanism 40 or electrical device, and helps simplify the relevant connection wiring harness.

[0139] As shown in Figures 8 and 10, in some embodiments, the energy storage device 10 also includes at least two heat exchange systems 18. The heat exchange system 18 includes a heat exchange element 181. The heat exchange system 18 corresponds one-to-one to the high-voltage circuit. The heat exchange element 181 of one heat exchange system 18 is used to perform heat exchange with the battery 21 of the corresponding high-voltage circuit.

[0140] The heat exchange system 18 includes a heat exchange element 181, which exchanges heat with the battery 21 of the corresponding high-voltage circuit. The heat exchange element 181 can then cool or heat the battery 21. For example, the heat exchange element 181 can include a water-cooled plate, and the heat exchange system 18 can further include a water-cooled unit. The low-temperature fluid flowing out of the water-cooled unit flows to the water-cooled plate, exchanges heat with the battery 21 within the water-cooled plate, removes heat from the battery 21, then flows to the water-cooled unit, is cooled by the water-cooled unit, and then flows to the heat exchange element 181, and so on, in a repetitive cycle.

[0141] The heat exchange systems 18 correspond one-to-one with the high-voltage circuits, so the number of heat exchange systems 18 and high-voltage circuits is equal. The heat exchange elements 181 in one heat exchange system 18 only exchange heat with the batteries 21 in one high-voltage circuit. In this way, each heat exchange system 18 can independently exchange heat with the batteries 21 in its corresponding high-voltage circuit. In this way, when some high-voltage circuits are operating while others are not, the corresponding heat exchange systems 18 can be configured to operate or not operate together. This helps improve the heat exchange efficiency between the heat exchange elements 181 and the batteries 21 while also reducing energy consumption.

[0142] In some embodiments, the heat exchange element 181 includes a first flow channel, the heat exchange element 181 corresponds to the battery 21 one by one, and the first flow channels of the heat exchange element 181 corresponding to at least some batteries 21 in the same high-voltage circuit are connected in parallel.

[0143] Optionally, the first flow channels of the heat exchange elements 181 corresponding to all batteries 21 in a high-voltage circuit may be connected in parallel.

[0144] For example, the fluid flowing out of the water cooling unit can be divided into multiple branches corresponding to the number of battery clusters 20 in the high-voltage circuit, and then each branch is further divided into multiple branches equal to the number of batteries 21 in the battery cluster 20. In this way, the first flow channels of the heat exchange element 181 corresponding to each battery 21 in the high-voltage circuit are all connected in parallel.

[0145] It can be understood that the first flow channels of the heat exchange element 181 corresponding to at least some of the batteries 21 in the same high-voltage circuit are connected in parallel, which is conducive to more consistent temperature of the fluid in the first flow channels connected in parallel. In the process of heat exchange between the corresponding batteries 21, the cooling or heating effect on the battery 21 is equivalent, which is conducive to improving the heat exchange efficiency between the heat exchange element 181 and the battery 21, and is conducive to improving the temperature consistency of the battery 21, and further conducive to improving the reliability of the energy storage device 10.

[0146] The energy storage system 1 provided according to an embodiment of the present application includes the energy storage device 10 provided in any of the above embodiments.

[0147] The energy storage system 1 provided in the embodiment of the present application has the same technical effects as any of the energy storage devices 10 provided in any of the above embodiments, and thus will not be described in detail here.

[0148] In some embodiments, the energy storage system 1 further includes at least two charging mechanisms 40 , which are electrically connected to the input and output terminals 12 in a one-to-one correspondence to charge the energy storage device 10 .

[0149] The charging mechanism 40 is electrically connected to the input and output terminals 12 in a one-to-one correspondence, and one charging mechanism 40 charges one high-voltage circuit. Given a given total power of the energy storage device 10, the greater the number of high-voltage circuits within the energy storage device 10, the lower the average power of each high-voltage circuit, and the lower the power demand on the charging mechanism 40.

[0150] Therefore, the energy storage system 1 provided in the embodiment of the present application is provided with an energy storage device 10 having at least two high-voltage circuits, and the charging mechanism 40 is electrically connected to the input and output terminals 12 in a one-to-one correspondence, which facilitates charging of the respective high-voltage circuits and helps reduce the power demand of the charging mechanism 40 and reduce charging costs.

[0151] In some embodiments, the bottom of the box body 11 along the direction of gravity has a through hole, and the wiring harness of the charging mechanism 40 is passed through the through hole.

[0152] Such a setting is conducive to simplifying the connection harness between the charging mechanism 40 and the input and output terminals 12, and the harness of the charging mechanism 40 is inserted into the through hole at the bottom of the box 11, which is conducive to achieving the concealment of the harness of the charging mechanism 40 and reducing the risk of certain safety hazards caused by the exposure of the harness of the charging mechanism 40.

[0153] In some embodiments, the energy storage device 10 provided in the present application includes a housing 11, at least two mutually insulated input and output terminals 12, at least two mutually independent high-voltage circuits, a main control element 13, at least two mutually independent master control elements 14, a power distribution element 15, a fire protection element 16, an insulating support 17, an insulating sheet 114, and at least two heat exchange systems 18. Each high-voltage circuit includes at least one battery 21, and multiple batteries 21 are housed in the housing 11. The high-voltage circuit is electrically connected to the input and output terminals 12 in a one-to-one correspondence. Each input and output terminal 12 includes a busbar assembly 121, and each busbar assembly 121 includes a mutually insulated positive busbar 121a and a negative busbar 121b. The positive busbar 121a is electrically connected to the positive pole of the high-voltage circuit, and the negative busbar 121b is electrically connected to the negative pole of the high-voltage circuit. The housing 11 includes an insulating spacer 113, and the positive busbar 121a and the negative busbar 121b are respectively arranged on both sides of the insulating spacer 113. Along the thickness direction X of the positive busbar, adjacent positive busbars 121a are staggered, and along the thickness direction of the negative busbar 121b, adjacent negative busbars 121b are staggered, so that adjacent negative busbars 121b are staggered. Along the thickness direction X of the positive busbar, adjacent positive busbars 121a and negative busbars 121b are staggered, and adjacent positive busbars 121a and negative busbars 121b are staggered. The high-voltage circuit includes at least one battery cluster 20, which includes multiple electrically connected batteries 21. The main control element 13 is electrically connected to each battery cluster 20 in a one-to-one correspondence. The main control element 13, electrically connected to a battery cluster 20 of a high-voltage circuit, is electrically connected to a master control element 14. Each master control element 14 corresponds to a high-voltage circuit. The power distribution element 15 is electrically connected to at least two master control elements 14. The input / output terminals 12, the power distribution element 15, the master control element 14, and the fire protection element 16 are located on the same side of the housing 11, with the input / output terminals 12 located below the power distribution element 15, the master control element 14, and the fire protection element 16 in the direction of gravity. The insulating support 17 is cylindrical and sandwiched between the busbar assembly 121 and the housing 11. The insulating sheet 114 is sandwiched between the housing 11 and the insulating support 17 to space the busbar assembly 121 from the housing 11. The insulating support members 17 that cooperate with the two staggered positive busbars 121a have different dimensions along the thickness direction X of the positive busbar, so that the two adjacent positive busbars 121a are staggered, and the insulating support members 17 that cooperate with the two staggered negative busbars 121b have different dimensions along the thickness direction of the negative busbar 121b, so that the two adjacent negative busbars 121b are staggered, and the insulating support members 17 that cooperate with the staggered positive busbars 121a and negative busbars 121b have different dimensions along the thickness direction X of the positive busbar, so that the adjacent positive busbars 121a and negative busbars 121b are staggered.The heat exchange system 18 includes a heat exchange element 181. Each heat exchange system 18 corresponds one-to-one with each high-voltage circuit. A heat exchange element 181 of each heat exchange system 18 is used to contact a battery 21 in the corresponding high-voltage circuit to exchange heat with the battery. The heat exchange element 181 includes a first flow channel. Each heat exchange element 181 corresponds one-to-one with each battery 21. The first flow channels of the heat exchange elements 181 corresponding to at least some of the batteries 21 in the same high-voltage circuit are connected in parallel.

[0154] The energy storage device 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application is configured to have at least two input and output terminals 12 and at least one independent high-voltage circuit, and to provide a one-to-one electrical connection between the high-voltage circuit and the input and output terminals 12. Thus, during the charging process of the energy storage device 10, multiple charging mechanisms 40 can be used to independently charge each high-voltage circuit, which helps reduce the power demand of the energy storage device 10 on the relevant charging mechanisms 40, thereby reducing the cost of the relevant charging mechanisms 40. Furthermore, by connecting at least two or all of the high-voltage circuits of an energy storage device 10 in series or in parallel, or by connecting at least one high-voltage circuit of one energy storage device 10 in parallel with all of the high-voltage circuits of another energy storage device 10, more diverse and higher power requirements can be met, allowing the energy storage device 10 to more flexibly adapt to various power requirements. This helps reduce the cost of using the energy storage device 10.

[0155] Although the present application has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, various modifications may be made thereto and components may be replaced with equivalents without departing from the scope of the present application. In particular, the various technical features described in the various embodiments may be combined in any manner as long as there are no structural conflicts. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An energy storage device, comprising: Box; At least two mutually insulated input and output terminals; At least two independent high-voltage circuits, each of which includes at least one battery, a plurality of batteries are accommodated in the box, and the high-voltage circuits are electrically connected to the input and output ends in a one-to-one correspondence.

2. The energy storage device according to claim 1, wherein: Each of the input and output ends includes a busbar assembly, and each of the busbar assembly is electrically connected to the corresponding high-voltage circuit.

3. The energy storage device according to claim 2, wherein: Each of the busbar assemblies comprises a positive busbar and a negative busbar which are insulated from each other, wherein the positive busbar is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the high voltage circuit, and the negative busbar is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the high voltage circuit; The box body includes an insulating spacer, and the positive electrode busbar and the negative electrode busbar are respectively arranged on both sides of the insulating spacer.

4. The energy storage device according to claim 3, wherein: Along the thickness direction of the positive busbar, two adjacent positive busbars are staggered; and / or, along the thickness direction of the negative busbar, two adjacent negative busbars are staggered.

5. The energy storage device according to claim 3 or 4, wherein: Along the thickness direction of the positive electrode busbar, the adjacent positive electrode busbars and the adjacent negative electrode busbars are staggered.

6. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein: The energy storage device further includes a plurality of insulating supports, and the insulating supports are sandwiched between the corresponding current collector assemblies and the box body so that the current collector assemblies and the box body are spaced apart.

7. The energy storage device according to claim 6, wherein: The insulating support member matched with the two staggered positive busbars has different dimensions along the thickness direction of the positive busbar, so that two adjacent positive busbars are staggered along the thickness direction of the positive busbar; and / or, The insulating support members matched with the two staggered negative busbars have different dimensions in the thickness direction of the negative busbars, so that two adjacent negative busbars are staggered in the direction of the busbars; and / or, The insulating support member matched with the staggered positive busbar and the negative busbar has different dimensions along the thickness direction of the positive busbar, so that the adjacent positive busbar and the negative busbar are staggered along the thickness direction of the positive busbar.

8. The energy storage device according to claim 6 or 7, wherein: The insulating support is columnar, and the energy storage device further comprises an insulating sheet, which is sandwiched between the box body and the insulating support.

9. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: Each of the high-voltage circuits includes at least one battery cluster, and each of the battery clusters includes a plurality of batteries electrically connected to each other; The energy storage device further comprises a plurality of main control elements, and the main control elements are electrically connected to the battery clusters in a one-to-one correspondence.

10. The energy storage device according to claim 9, wherein: The energy storage device further comprises at least two mutually independent master control elements, wherein the master control element electrically connected to the battery cluster of one high-voltage circuit is electrically connected to a master control element, and the master control element corresponds to the high-voltage circuit one by one.

11. The energy storage device according to claim 10, wherein: The energy storage device further comprises a power distribution element, and the power distribution element is electrically connected to at least two of the master control elements.

12. The energy storage device according to claim 11, wherein: The energy storage device further comprises a fire-fighting element, and the fire-fighting element is electrically connected to at least two of the master control elements.

13. The energy storage device according to claim 12, wherein: The input and output terminals, the power distribution component, the master control component and the fire protection component are arranged on the same side of the box.

14. The energy storage device according to claim 13, wherein: The input and output terminals are arranged below the power distribution component, the master control component and the fire protection component along the direction of gravity.

15. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein: The energy storage device also includes at least two heat exchange systems, each of which includes a heat exchange element. The heat exchange system corresponds to the high-pressure circuit one by one, and the heat exchange element of one of the heat exchange systems is used to perform heat exchange with the battery of the corresponding high-pressure circuit.

16. The energy storage device according to claim 15, wherein: The heat exchange element includes a first flow channel, and the heat exchange element corresponds to the batteries one by one. The first flow channels of the heat exchange element corresponding to at least some of the batteries in the same high-pressure circuit are connected in parallel.

17. An energy storage system, comprising the energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

18. The energy storage system according to claim 17, wherein: The energy storage system further includes at least two charging mechanisms, which are electrically connected to the input and output ends in a one-to-one correspondence to charge the energy storage device.

19. The energy storage system according to claim 18, wherein: The bottom of the box body along the gravity direction is provided with a through hole, and the wiring harness of the charging mechanism is passed through the through hole.

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