Power supply method, power supply system, and cabinet

Abstract

Disclosed are a power supply method, a power supply system, and a cabinet. The method is applied to a power supply system. The power supply system comprises a PSU and a burst power supply module, both the PSU and the burst power supply module being connected to a bus of a cabinet. The method comprises: detecting the state of a cabinet where a power supply system is located; and when the state indicates that a transient power supply event occurs in the cabinet, on the basis of a transient power supply requirement, triggering the PSU and the burst power supply module to work together to supply power to the cabinet. A burst power supply module is additionally provided in the power supply system in the cabinet, and when the PSU supplies power to the cabinet at a constant power, the burst power supply module connected to the bus can obtain electric energy and store the electric energy. When the transient power supply event occurs in the cabinet, the burst power supply module quickly supplements electric energy required by the cabinet to supply power to the cabinet, so that the transient power supply requirement of the cabinet is met. Therefore, the power supply reliability of the cabinet when the transient power supply event occurs in the cabinet is improved.

Description

Power supply method, power supply system and cabinet

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office on September 25, 2023, with application number 202311247314.7 and application name “A power supply method, power supply system and cabinet”. This application also claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office on October 13, 2023, with application number 202311331871.7 and application name “Power supply method, power supply system and cabinet”. All of these contents are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of computers, and in particular to a power supply method, a power supply system, and a cabinet. Background Art

[0003] With the development of AI, big data, and other businesses, data center computing power and power requirements are also increasing. For example, regional intelligent computing centers, to meet the demand for P / E-level computing power, require thousands of processors (such as xPU chips) to form a centrally schedulable computing cluster via a high-speed network. Due to the large number of processors, this typically requires tens of megawatts (MW) of mains power.

[0004] Currently, when a cabinet experiences a transient power supply event, it instantly needs to provide more power to the cabinet. For example, if the cabinet's equipment is operating at an overclocked frequency or the mains power fails, additional power will be needed to ensure normal operation. However, the mains power capacity is typically configured based on the cabinet's rated power, which cannot meet the transient power requirements of the cabinet's equipment when operating at an overclocked frequency. Furthermore, the power supply supplying the cabinet cannot meet the cabinet's transient power supply needs during a mains power outage. Therefore, finding a solution to the problem of low cabinet power reliability during transient power supply events has become a pressing technical issue.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present application provides a power supply method, a power supply system, and a cabinet, thereby improving the power supply reliability of the cabinet when a transient power supply event occurs in the cabinet.

[0007] In a first aspect, a power supply method is provided, which is applied to a power supply system, wherein the power supply system includes a power supply unit (PSU) and a burst power supply module, wherein the PSU is used to provide power supply capabilities that meet the steady-state power supply requirements of the cabinet, and the burst power supply module is used to provide power supply capabilities that meet the transient power supply requirements of the cabinet. Both the PSU and the burst power supply module are connected to the bus of the cabinet, and the method includes: detecting the status of the cabinet where the power supply system is located; when the status shows that a transient power supply event occurs in the cabinet, triggering the PSU and the burst power supply module to coordinate power supply to the cabinet according to the transient power supply requirements.

[0008] In this way, a burst power module is added to the cabinet's power supply system. While the PSU supplies power to the cabinet at a constant power level, the burst power module connected to the busbar can capture and store energy. When a transient power event occurs in the cabinet, the burst power module quickly replenishes the required energy and supplies power to the cabinet, meeting the cabinet's transient power needs. This improves power supply reliability during transient power events.

[0009] Compared with configuring the AC power capacity based on the peak power of the cabinet (such as overclocking peak power), when the equipment in the cabinet is overclocked in a non-continuous state, resulting in a generally low power utilization rate, the solution provided by this application can configure the AC power capacity based on the rated power of the cabinet, reduce the quota of the AC power capacity, and when a transient power supply event occurs in the cabinet, the PSU and the burst power supply module cooperate to supply power to the cabinet, thereby improving the power utilization rate. Under the condition of the same AC power capacity, the solution provided by this application can deploy more computing power units (such as XPU for data processing) in the cabinet, improve the computing power of the cabinet, and realize business value-added.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the burst power supply module includes an energy storage unit, which includes multiple passive components. The energy storage unit uses the multiple passive components to store electrical energy. For example, the passive components include aluminum capacitors, high-voltage capacitors, and supercapacitors.

[0011] Compared to using lithium batteries within the cabinet as energy storage media to smooth out peak loads and fill valleys, which pose safety risks, passive components can operate without a power source when a signal is present. For example, when a voltage is applied across a capacitor, the capacitor stores a charge, effectively eliminating the safety risks associated with energy storage media within the cabinet. Furthermore, capacitors have a larger storage capacity than lithium batteries, enabling the burst power supply module, which includes passive components, to provide power for hundreds of milliseconds or even seconds during a mains power outage, improving cabinet power reliability during such situations.

[0012] In another possible implementation, multiple passive components included in the energy storage unit are connected in parallel to achieve fault isolation between the parallel passive components and ensure the reliability of the energy storage unit.

[0013] In another possible implementation, the method further includes: the PSU supplies power to the cabinet at a constant power, and multiple passive components in the burst power supply module store electrical energy.

[0014] Therefore, when the PSU is able to provide steady-state power to the cabinet, multiple passive components in the burst power supply module are used to store electrical energy, so that when a transient power supply event occurs in the cabinet, the burst power supply module can quickly replenish the electrical energy required by the cabinet and power the cabinet to meet the cabinet's transient power supply needs.

[0015] In another possible implementation, the method further includes: when a transient power supply event occurs in the cabinet, discharging multiple passive components in the burst power supply module so that the burst power supply module supplies power to the cabinet.

[0016] Therefore, when a transient power supply event occurs in the cabinet, the burst power supply module quickly replenishes the power required by the cabinet and supplies power to the cabinet to meet the transient power supply needs of the cabinet.

[0017] In another possible implementation, the PSU and the burst power supply module are triggered to coordinate power supply to the cabinet according to transient power supply demand, including: the burst power supply module detects that the bus voltage is less than or equal to the bus voltage threshold, and the burst power supply module adjusts the operating frequency of the burst power supply module to cooperate with the PSU to power the cabinet.

[0018] This allows the burst power supply module to discharge smoothly, cooperate with the PSU to power the cabinet, and provide a stable voltage to the cabinet.

[0019] In another possible implementation, the PSU and the burst power module are triggered to coordinate powering the cabinet according to transient power demand, including: coordinating the PSU and the burst power module to power the cabinet according to the number of devices in the cabinet requiring transient power supply.

[0020] Therefore, the PSU and burst power supply module can be reasonably coordinated to supply power to the cabinet according to the transient power supply demand, saving energy.

[0021] In another possible implementation, the PSU and the burst power supply module are triggered to coordinate power supply to the cabinet according to the transient power supply demand, including: the PSU detects that the transient power supply event is that the equipment in the cabinet is operating at overclocking, and the PSU and the burst power supply module jointly power the cabinet.

[0022] Since the power required by the cabinet will increase instantly when the equipment in the cabinet is working at overclocking, the burst power supply module and PSU together supply power to the cabinet, which can meet the cabinet's transient power supply needs, realize power supply for the high peak-to-average ratio load in the cabinet, meet the burst power supply module's power supply needs of hundreds of milliseconds, and achieve peak shaving.

[0023] In another possible implementation, the PSU and the burst power supply module are triggered to coordinate powering the cabinet according to the transient power supply demand, including: the PSU detects that the transient power supply event is a mains power failure, and the burst power supply module supplies power to the cabinet.

[0024] When the mains power goes out, the PSU loses its power source and cannot continue to power the cabinet for an extended period, failing to meet the cabinet's transient power needs. To address this, the PSU can be placed in an unloaded state. For example, by lowering the PSU's output voltage, the PSU stops powering the cabinet. Instead, the burst power module provides power to the cabinet, improving the cabinet's ability to withstand mains power outages. Because the burst power module uses passive components to store energy, it can help the cabinet withstand mains power outages lasting hundreds of milliseconds or even seconds, improving its ability to withstand prolonged mains power outages.

[0025] For example, the PSU lowers its output voltage, and the PSU and burst power module work together to power the cabinet. When the cabinet's devices are operating at overclocked frequencies, the PSU's output voltage can equal the burst power module's output voltage, and the PSU and burst power module jointly power the cabinet. If the mains power fails, the PSU's output voltage can be lower than the burst power module's output voltage, and the burst power module still supplies power to the cabinet.

[0026] In another possible implementation, the power supply system includes a plurality of burst power supply modules, and the plurality of burst power supply modules are disposed in at least one unit space in the cabinet.

[0027] The size of the burst power supply module is designed according to the unit space of the cabinet, so that the burst power supply module can be flexibly arranged in at least one unit space in the cabinet, thereby improving the adaptability of the burst power supply module.

[0028] In another possible implementation, the PSU and the burst power supply module coordinate to supply power to the cabinet, including: multiple burst power supply modules supply power to components in the cabinet based on parallel current sharing.

[0029] In this way, by connecting multiple burst power supply modules in parallel, fault isolation between the parallel burst power supply modules is achieved, ensuring the reliability of the energy storage unit. When a transient power supply event occurs in the cabinet, multiple parallel burst power supply modules can quickly supplement the power required by the cabinet and supply power to the cabinet to meet the cabinet's transient power supply needs.

[0030] In another possible implementation, the method also includes: the PSU obtains an overclocking working signal of a device in the cabinet, triggering the PSU and the burst power supply module to coordinate powering the cabinet; or, the burst power supply module obtains a mains power-off signal, triggering the burst power supply module to power the cabinet.

[0031] In this way, the PSU or burst power supply module is notified of the transient power supply event in the cabinet as soon as possible, and the power required by the cabinet is quickly replenished to supply power to the cabinet to meet the transient power supply needs of the cabinet.

[0032] In another possible implementation, the method further includes: the PSU detects that the transient power supply event ends, the PSU supplies power to the cabinet at a constant power, and multiple passive components in the burst power supply module store electrical energy.

[0033] In a second aspect, a power supply system is provided, the power supply system including a PSU and a burst power supply module, the power supply system being used to perform the operating steps of the method in the first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.

[0034] In a possible implementation, the burst power supply module includes an energy storage unit, which includes a plurality of passive components; wherein the energy storage unit uses the plurality of passive components to store electrical energy.

[0035] In another possible implementation, the power supply system includes a plurality of burst power supply modules, and the plurality of burst power supply modules are disposed in at least one unit space in the cabinet.

[0036] In a third aspect, a cabinet is provided, comprising a power supply system as described in the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect, the power supply system being used to execute the operating steps of the method in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect.

[0037] In a fourth aspect, a power supply device is provided, comprising modules for executing the power supply method in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect.

[0038] In a fifth aspect, a burst power supply module is provided, the burst power supply module including a logic circuit, and the logic circuit is used to execute the operating steps of the method described in the first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.

[0039] In a sixth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, wherein instructions are stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer-readable storage medium is run on a computer, the computer executes the methods described in the above aspects.

[0040] The technical effects brought about by any design method in the second to sixth aspects can be referred to the technical effects brought about by the first aspect or different design methods in the first aspect, and will not be repeated here.

[0041] Based on the implementation methods provided in the above aspects, this application can also be further combined to provide more implementation methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a cabinet system provided by the present application;

[0043] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a power supply system architecture provided by this application;

[0044] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a cabinet structure provided by the present application;

[0045] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the interface structure of a PSU interface and a burst power supply module provided by the present application;

[0046] FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of a burst power supply module provided by the present application;

[0047] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a burst power supply module provided in the present application;

[0048] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of a circuit structure of an energy storage unit provided in this application;

[0049] FIG8 is a schematic diagram of a flow chart of a power supply method provided by the present application;

[0050] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of a power supply effect provided by the present application;

[0051] FIG10 is a schematic diagram of the PSU and burst power supply module cooperating to power a cabinet in an overclocking scenario provided by the present application;

[0052] FIG11 is a schematic diagram of an example of a bus voltage and combined load control strategy provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0053] FIG12 is a schematic diagram of the PSU and burst power supply module cooperating to supply power to a cabinet in a mains power outage scenario provided by the present application;

[0054] FIG13 is a schematic diagram of an example of a bus voltage control strategy provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0055] FIG14 is a schematic diagram of signal linkage among a PSU, a burst power supply module, and devices provided by the present application;

[0056] FIG15 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply system provided by the present application;

[0057] FIG16 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply device provided in this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] To facilitate understanding, the main terms involved in this application are first explained.

[0059] A power supply unit (PSU) is a device mounted on a printed circuit board. It provides power to various components in a computer system. These components include, but are not limited to, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), microprocessors, memory, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and other digital or analog loads.

[0060] Overclocking is a technique that increases a device's main frequency (i.e., clock frequency), thereby increasing its operating frequency. For example, it involves increasing the operating frequency of a processor in a computer system (e.g., main frequency, external frequency, and multiplier). Processors include central processing units (CPUs), graphics processing units (GPUs), data processing units (DPUs), neural processing units (NPUs), and embedded neural-network processing units (NPUs), all high-power computing units with computing capabilities. When a device is overclocked, it consumes more power, requiring the power supply module to provide greater power supply capacity.

[0061] Power: A physical quantity that indicates the amount of work done per unit time. It represents the speed at which work is done. The unit of power is the watt (W), also known as watt. Power can be expressed as P, where P = W / t, where W represents work, measured in joules, and t represents time, measured in seconds.

[0062] The rated power of a power module indicates the power it can produce under stable, continuous operation. This indicates the module's power supply capability under stable, continuous operation. For example, the rated power of a power module is calculated by multiplying its rated voltage by its rated current: P = W / t = UI, where U represents the rated voltage and I represents the rated current.

[0063] Power module output power: This indicates the power a power module provides to a load. The power module's output power is calculated by multiplying the module's output voltage by its output current. If the output power exceeds the rated power, the module activates overpower protection (OPP), shutting down the power supply. If OPP is not activated, the module will overheat and be damaged. OPP automatically shuts down the module if the module's output power continues to rise and reaches a threshold, preventing overcurrent from damaging the module.

[0064] Burst power is used to indicate the instantaneous power provided to meet the transient power supply requirements of the device (such as overclocking).

[0065] Voltage: Also known as potential difference or electric potential difference, it is a physical quantity that measures the energy difference between a unit charge and a component in an electrostatic field due to differences in electric potential. The input voltage of a power module refers to the voltage supplied to or applied to the module. The output voltage of a power module refers to the voltage supplied to or applied to the module.

[0066] Mains electricity refers to alternating current (AC) at industrial frequency. Common AC power specifications include voltage, current, and frequency. Common AC power frequencies are 50 Hz and 60 Hz. Civilian AC voltages range from 100V to 380V. For example, a 380V AC mains with a 50Hz frequency is used as the power source for a computer room.

[0067] Thermal Design Power (TDP): This refers to the amount of heat a device generates per unit time during operation. It can also be called thermal design power.

[0068] Electronic Design Power (EDP): It is the power consumption indicator of the device during transient power supply.

[0069] Transient: refers to the instantaneous changes of current and voltage in a circuit within a short period of time.

[0070] In order to solve the problem of low power supply reliability of the cabinet when a transient power supply event occurs in the cabinet, the present application provides a power supply method, which can also be called a power supply enhancement (Power Turbo) method. A burst power supply module is added to the power supply system including the PSU, and the PSU is used to provide a power supply capability that meets the steady-state power supply requirements of the cabinet, and the burst power supply module is used to provide a power supply capability that meets the transient power supply requirements of the cabinet. Both the PSU and the burst power supply module are connected to the bus of the cabinet. When it is detected that the status of the cabinet where the power supply system is located shows that a transient power supply event has occurred in the cabinet, the PSU and the burst power supply module are triggered to coordinate the power supply to the cabinet according to the transient power supply requirements. Among them, the burst power supply module can also be called an instantaneous power supply module or an instantaneous power supply module.

[0071] By adding a burst power module to the cabinet's power supply system, the burst power module connected to the busbar can capture and store energy while the PSU supplies power to the cabinet at a constant power level. In the event of a transient power outage, the burst power module quickly replenishes the required energy and meets the cabinet's transient power requirements. This improves power supply reliability during transient power outages.

[0072] Compared with configuring the AC power capacity based on the peak power of the cabinet (such as overclocking peak power), when the equipment in the cabinet is overclocked in a non-continuous state, resulting in a generally low power utilization rate, the solution provided by this application can configure the AC power capacity based on the rated power of the cabinet, reduce the quota of the AC power capacity, and when a transient power supply event occurs in the cabinet, the PSU and the burst power supply module cooperate to supply power to the cabinet, thereby improving the power utilization rate. Under the condition of the same AC power capacity, the solution provided by this application can deploy more computing power units (such as XPU for data processing) in the cabinet, improve the computing power of the cabinet, and realize business value-added.

[0073] The method provided in this application can be applied to scenarios such as large-scale supercomputers, regional supercomputers, and public clouds. For example, high-performance computing (HPC) scenarios. The burst power supply module can be set in the cabinet in the above scenario or outside the cabinet. This application does not limit the cabinet form in which the burst power supply module is added. For example, the burst power supply module is set inside a cabinet server, a blade server, or a rack server. For another example, the burst power supply module is set outside a supercomputing cabinet server.

[0074] The power supply method provided by this application is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a cabinet system provided by this application. As shown in FIG1 , the cabinet system 100 includes a power supply module 110 , a burst power supply module 120 , and an electronic device 130 . The electronic device 130 may include multiple devices 131 .

[0075] Device 131 includes electronic components used for data processing or communication in a computer system, such as a processor, memory and storage (also referred to as a main memory unit), and a network adapter (such as a network interface card (NIC) or an intelligent network interface card (iNIC)). The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a data processing unit (DPU), a neural processing unit (NPU), or an embedded neural-network processing unit (NPU), such as an XPU used for data processing.

[0076] It is worth noting that the rack system 100 in Figure 1 may include one or more devices, where the types of the multiple devices may be the same or different. For example, the rack system 100 may include multiple types of XPUs, such as a CPU, a GPU, and an NPU. The processor may be a multi-core (multi-CPU) processor.

[0077] The power supply module 110 and the burst power supply module 120 can serve as a power supply system to supply power to the device 131 in the electronic device 130 .

[0078] The power module 110 is used to provide constant power to the electronic devices 130 in the cabinet system 100. For example, the power module 110 is used to provide constant power to the electronic devices 130 in the cabinet system 100 at a rated power for a long period of time. For example, the rated power may be 3 kilowatts (kW).

[0079] The electronic device 130 may include a voltage dividing module, which is used to convert the input voltage of the electronic device 130 into a voltage required by the device 131 in the electronic device 130 .

[0080] When the power supply module 110 supplies power to the electronic device 130 in the cabinet system 100 at a constant power, the burst power supply module 120 stores electrical energy.

[0081] The burst power supply module 120 is used to cooperate with the power supply module 110 to supply power to the cabinet system 100 when a transient power supply event occurs in the cabinet system 100 .

[0082] In some embodiments, the power module 110 and the burst power module 120 are respectively connected to the busbar, so that the burst power module 120 cooperates with the power module 110 to supply power to the cabinet system 100 .

[0083] The bus voltage can vary for different server configurations. For example, as shown in FIG2(a), the bus voltage can be 48V, and the input voltage of the cabinet system 100 can be 380V AC. As shown in FIG2(b), the bus voltage can be 12V, and the input voltage of the cabinet system 100 can be 220V AC.

[0084] In other embodiments, the burst power supply module 120 is disposed outside the cabinet system 100, and the power supply module 110 is disposed inside the cabinet system 100, with the power supply module 110 and the burst power supply module 120 each being connected to a busbar. For example, as shown in FIG2(c), the busbar voltage may be 48V, and the input voltage to the computer room may be 380V AC. The 380V AC is converted to 400V DC via high-voltage direct current (HVDC), providing 400V DC power to the cabinet system 100.

[0085] In Figure 1, only a cabinet system 100 including one power supply module 110 and one burst power supply module 120 is taken as an example. Here, one power supply module 110 and one burst power supply module 120 are respectively used to indicate a type of equipment. In a specific embodiment, the number of each type of equipment can be determined according to demand.

[0086] For example, as shown in Figure 3 (a), a burst power module is deployed in a cabinet within a 1U or multiple U space. Alternatively, one or more burst power modules can be deployed within a 1U space. A cabinet can contain at least one burst power module. It's worth noting that burst power modules act as energy storage devices. The greater the number of burst power modules deployed in a single cabinet, the greater its ability to provide transient power to components within the cabinet. For example, four burst power modules can be deployed within a 1U space, which can support the transient power needs of 10 servers within the cabinet.

[0087] In some embodiments, the ratio of burst power modules to power supply modules can be configured based on the cabinet's transient power requirements. For example, the number of power supply modules and burst power modules can be determined based on the thermal design power consumption and circuit design power consumption of the components in the cabinet. This allows for on-demand configuration of burst power modules and power supply modules, conserving power resources, reducing power distribution costs in the computer room, and improving the scalability of the cabinet's power supply system.

[0088] For example, as shown in Figure 3 (b), in Examples 1 through 3, the thermal design power consumption is greater than the circuit design power consumption, indicating that the components in the cabinet dissipate more heat when operating at rated frequency and less heat when operating at overclocked frequency. Therefore, more power modules and fewer burst power modules can be configured. In Example 4, the thermal design power consumption is equal to the circuit design power consumption, so the same number of power modules and burst power modules can be configured.

[0089] In other embodiments, the size of the burst power supply module is the same as that of the PSU, and the interface format of the burst power supply module is designed according to the interface format of the PSU, thereby improving the adaptability of the burst power supply module and realizing flexible mixing of burst power supply modules in the cabinet.

[0090] For example, as shown in Figure 4, the interface format of the PSU includes a positive power interface, a negative power interface, a signal interface, a ground interface, a live interface, and a neutral interface. The output interface of the PSU includes a positive power interface and a negative power interface. The input interface of the PSU includes a ground interface, a live interface, and a neutral interface. The interface format of the burst power supply module includes a positive power interface, a negative power interface, and a signal interface. The output interface of the burst power supply module includes a positive power interface and a negative power interface.

[0091] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a burst power supply module provided in this application. As shown in FIG5 , the burst power supply module 500 includes an energy storage unit 510 and a voltage stabilizing unit 520. The energy storage unit 510 includes passive components such as aluminum capacitors, high-voltage capacitors, and supercapacitors. The energy storage unit 510 is used to store electrical energy. The voltage stabilizing unit 520 is used to control the charging and discharging voltage of the burst power supply module 500 to ensure the lifespan and safety of the burst power supply module 500. For example, the functions of the voltage stabilizing unit 520 include voltage stabilization, overload protection, and short-circuit protection.

[0092] When charging the burst power supply module 500, the voltage stabilizing unit 520 can increase the input voltage to enable the energy storage unit 510 to store electrical energy; when discharging the burst power supply module 500, the voltage stabilizing unit 520 can lower the output voltage and power the device through the bus 530.

[0093] The charge and discharge management of the energy storage unit can be achieved through an isolated or non-isolated bidirectional DC-to-DC converter (DC-DC), or a power topology with separate charging and discharging circuits can be adopted, such as using a boost circuit or other step-up circuit to charge the energy storage unit, and using a buck circuit or other step-down circuit to discharge the energy storage unit. The charge and discharge management of the energy storage unit can be designed to any bus voltage based on actual needs and device selection. Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a burst power supply module provided by this application. Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 in the circuit can be switches (such as transistors), and the switches are turned on or off to realize the charging and discharging of the energy storage unit. Capacitor C1 is connected to the bus, and C2 serves as an energy storage medium. For example, when the energy storage unit 510 is charged, Q1 and Q4 are turned on first to charge the inductor, then Q1 and Q4 are turned off, Q2 and Q3 are turned on, and C2 is charged; when the energy storage unit 510 is discharged, Q2 and Q3 are turned on first to discharge C2, then Q2 and Q3 are turned off, Q1 and Q4 are turned on, the inductor is discharged, and the electric energy is transmitted to the bus through C1.

[0094] The voltage stabilizing unit 520 may further include a microcontroller unit (MCU) for regulating the rapid charging or discharging of the burst power supply module 500. For example, the MCU controls the on / off of Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 to regulate the rapid charging or discharging of the energy storage unit 510.

[0095] In other embodiments, the energy storage unit may include multiple passive components, and the multiple passive components are connected in parallel. The parallel passive components are used to achieve fault isolation between the passive components to ensure the reliability of the energy storage unit. Physical protection measures such as glue-filled capacitors can also be added to ensure the safety of the energy storage unit. Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of an energy storage unit provided by this application. Among them, multiple capacitors are connected in parallel at multiple stages, and resistors, fuses and diodes are also provided between the capacitors and the busbar to ensure the safety and availability of the energy storage unit.

[0096] Next, a power supply method provided by the present application is described with reference to the accompanying drawings, as shown in Figure 8. Here, the power supply module 110 and the burst power supply module 120 shown in the cabinet system 100 shown in Figure 1 are used as an example to illustrate the power supply of the cabinet.

[0097] Step 810: The PSU supplies power to the components in the cabinet at a constant power, and the burst power supply module stores electrical energy.

[0098] Because both the PSU and the burst power supply module are connected to the bus, the PSU output voltage can be higher than the burst power supply module output voltage. In this case, the PSU supplies power to the cabinet at a constant power through the bus, while the burst power supply module stores electrical energy and does not supply power to the cabinet.

[0099] Step 820: The PSU detects the status of the cabinet where the power supply system is located.

[0100] The MCU in the PSU can collect power supply parameters such as the PSU's input voltage, output voltage, input current, and output current. The MCU determines whether a transient power supply event has occurred in the cabinet based on the collected power supply parameters. For example, if the MCU determines that the PSU's output power is greater than the power threshold, the components in the cabinet may be operating at an overclocked frequency, and an overclocking event has occurred in the cabinet. For another example, if the MCU determines that the PSU's output current is greater than the current threshold, the components in the cabinet may be operating at an overclocked frequency, and an overclocking event has occurred in the cabinet. An overclocking event may refer to a component operating at a higher operating frequency (for example, a power exceeding the rated power) to improve processing performance. Subsequently, in order to meet the component's overclocking function, more power needs to be provided to the component, and the cabinet's power supply demand increases instantaneously.

[0101] For example, if the MCU determines that the PSU input voltage is less than the voltage threshold, a mains power outage may have occurred, triggering a mains power outage event in the cabinet. A mains power outage event can be a sudden interruption of the mains power supply, which can cause the bus voltage to drop and components to malfunction. Therefore, devices must be provided with sufficient power to function properly during a mains power outage.

[0102] Step 830: When the PSU detects a transient power supply event in the cabinet, the PSU and the burst power supply module are triggered to coordinate power supply to the cabinet according to the transient power supply demand.

[0103] After a transient power supply event occurs in the cabinet, the PSU can reduce the PSU output voltage according to the transient power supply demand, making the PSU output voltage less than or equal to the output voltage of the burst power supply module, so that the burst power supply module cooperates with the PSU to power the cabinet.

[0104] After an overclocking event occurs in the cabinet, the PSU can lower the PSU output voltage according to the transient power supply demand. For example, the PSU adjusts the first output voltage to the second output voltage, and the second output voltage of the PSU is equal to the output voltage of the burst power supply module. That is, the output voltage of the PSU is adjusted to the same voltage as the output voltage of the burst power supply module. Then, the PSU and the burst power supply module jointly supply power to the cabinet to meet the power required by the device when the device is overclocking.

[0105] After a mains power outage occurs in the cabinet, the PSU can lower the PSU output voltage according to the transient power supply demand. For example, the PSU adjusts the first output voltage to the second output voltage. The second output voltage of the PSU is lower than the output voltage of the burst power supply module. Since the output voltage of the PSU is lower than the output voltage of the burst power supply module, the burst power supply module will supply power to the cabinet to meet the power required by the components when the mains power outage occurs.

[0106] Since the PSU no longer needs to power the cabinet, the MCU in the PSU can continue to monitor the cabinet and detect whether the transient power event has ended. The burst power module then provides power to the cabinet, ensuring the cabinet can meet transient power requirements on the order of hundreds of milliseconds or seconds, improving power supply reliability during a mains power outage. For example, the MCU in the PSU collects power supply parameters such as the PSU's input voltage, output voltage, input current, and output current, and uses these parameters to determine whether the cabinet's transient power event has ended. If the PSU detects that the output current is zero, this indicates that the PSU is unloaded and no longer needs to power the cabinet.

[0107] It should be noted that the PSU may include a microcontroller unit (MCU), which lowers the output voltage of the PSU according to transient power supply events, so that the burst power supply module cooperates with the PSU to supply power to the devices in the cabinet to meet transient power supply requirements.

[0108] In other embodiments, the burst power module may include multiple passive components, such as high-voltage capacitors and supercapacitors, connected in parallel. The PSU supplies constant power to the components in the cabinet via the busbar, and the multiple parallel passive components store electrical energy. After a transient power event occurs in the cabinet, the burst power module, using the energy stored in the multiple parallel passive components in the burst power module, cooperates with the PSU to power the components in the cabinet.

[0109] For example, multiple burst power modules connected in parallel can be used in conjunction with the PSU to power components in a cabinet based on parallel current sharing.

[0110] For example, a burst power supply module can provide power for a 250-A load. When the devices in the cabinet are overclocked, the current is 1000 A. Four burst power supply modules can be configured in the cabinet. When the devices in the cabinet are overclocked, the four burst power supply modules jointly power the devices.

[0111] As another example, a burst power supply module can discharge for 20 milliseconds. Multiple burst power supply modules can be configured in the cabinet. For example, 5 burst power supply modules can be configured in the cabinet. The discharge of 5 burst power supply modules can meet the power supply needs of 100 milliseconds, thereby meeting the long-term power supply needs when the mains power is lost.

[0112] In some embodiments, the PSU may determine the number of burst power modules that assist the PSU in powering the cabinet based on the number of overclocked devices in the cabinet.

[0113] In other embodiments, multiple levels of power thresholds may be preset, and the PSU determines the burst power module to supply power to the cabinet based on the output power of the PSU and the multiple levels of power thresholds.

[0114] Optionally, since both the PSU and the burst power module are connected to the bus, after the PSU lowers its output voltage, the burst power module detects that the bus voltage is less than the bus threshold. The burst power module then adjusts its operating frequency or duty cycle, for example, by increasing it, to ensure smooth discharge and cooperate with the PSU to power the cabinet. Optionally, the burst power module may also include an MCU, which adjusts the operating frequency or duty cycle.

[0115] Step 840: The PSU detects that the transient power supply event is over, and the PSU supplies power to the components in the cabinet at a constant power, and the burst power supply module stores electrical energy.

[0116] The MCU in the PSU can collect power supply parameters such as the PSU's input voltage, output voltage, input current, and output current. Based on these collected power supply parameters, the MCU determines that the cabinet's transient power supply event has ended. For example, if the MCU determines that the PSU's output power is less than a power threshold, the cabinet's components may have ended operating due to overclocking, and the MCU confirms the cabinet's overclocking event has ended. Alternatively, if the MCU determines that the PSU's output current is less than a current threshold, the cabinet's components may have ended operating due to overclocking, and the MCU confirms the cabinet's transient power supply event has ended.

[0117] For another example, if the MCU determines that the input voltage of the PSU is greater than a voltage threshold, the mains power may be restored, and the MCU determines that the mains power failure event is over.

[0118] After the cabinet transient power supply event ends, the PSU increases its output voltage so that it is greater than the output voltage of the burst power module. This allows the PSU to supply power to the components in the cabinet at a constant power. The burst power module continues to charge and store electrical energy.

[0119] The power supply method provided by the present application is to install a burst power supply module in the cabinet. When the PSU supplies power to the devices in the cabinet at a constant power, the burst power supply module containing passive components stores electric energy. After a transient power supply event occurs in the cabinet, the burst power supply module cooperates with the PSU to supply power to the devices in the cabinet. This method can meet the transient power supply demand of hundreds of milliseconds or seconds for the high peak-to-average ratio load of the devices in the cabinet, and cut the peak of the transient power supply demand of the cabinet. The mains capacity is configured according to the rated power of the cabinet, the mains capacity quota is reduced, and the mains utilization rate is improved. Under the condition of the same mains capacity, more devices can be deployed in the cabinet to improve the computing power of the cabinet and realize value-added services.

[0120] For example, a comparison diagram of the peak elimination effect of the traditional solution and the peak elimination effect of the solution of the present application is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. As shown in (a) of Figure 9, the mains capacity is configured according to the peak power of the cabinet in the traditional solution. The bus voltage remains unchanged. When the device is overclocked, the current increases. In order to meet the power demand of the device, the mains current increases. As shown in (b) of Figure 9, when the mains capacity is configured according to the rated power of the cabinet, the current increases when the device is overclocked. In order to meet the power demand of the device, the burst power supply module cooperates with the PSU to power the device, so that the mains only needs to provide the TDP power supply demand of the cabinet, and the burst power supply module provides the EDP power supply demand of the cabinet in microseconds / milliseconds / hundreds of milliseconds / seconds. The burst power supply module replenishes the power supply of the device, thereby improving the power supply reliability of the cabinet when a transient power supply event occurs in the cabinet.

[0121] The following uses an overclocking scenario as an example to illustrate the power supply method in the transient power supply scenario shown in Figure 8. As shown in Figure 10, the device is overclocked (step 1010), the PSU detects the PSU output power in real time (step 1020), and the PSU determines whether the PSU output power exceeds the PSU power threshold (step 1030). If the PSU output power does not exceed the PSU power threshold, the PSU output power continues to be detected, that is, step 1020 is continued. If the PSU output power exceeds the PSU power threshold, it indicates that the storage device in the cabinet is overclocking and the load has suddenly increased, and the PSU reduces the PSU output voltage (step 1040). Optionally, the burst power supply module monitors the bus voltage in real time (step 1050). The burst power supply module determines whether the bus voltage is below a bus threshold (step 1060). If the bus voltage is not below the bus threshold, the module continues to monitor the bus voltage, i.e., continues to execute step 1050. If the bus voltage is below the bus threshold, the burst power supply module adjusts the operating frequency or duty cycle, for example, by increasing the operating frequency or duty cycle, to ensure smooth discharge and cooperate with the PSU to power the components in the cabinet. In other words, the burst power supply module and the PSU jointly power the components (step 1070), achieving turbo peak load reduction.

[0122] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of an example of the bus voltage and joint load control strategy provided by this application. In particular, t0-t1: the mains power is normal and the PSU is normally loaded; t1: 100 milliseconds overclocking; the PSU slow loop constant power reduces the output voltage, for example, reducing the PSU output voltage from 54.5V to 52V; t1-t2: the PSU and the burst power module fast loop are jointly loaded, and the burst power module releases electrical energy at a high rate to quickly replenish peak energy; t2: the 100 millisecond cycle ends and the PSU increases the PSU output voltage; t2-t3: the PSU supplies power to the device and replenishes energy to the burst power module at a low rate.

[0123] Therefore, through the bus voltage control within the cabinet, combined with the PSU slow-loop constant power algorithm and the burst power supply module fast-loop voltage regulation algorithm, the common bus joint load can be achieved, meeting the load power supply accuracy requirements and improving the utility power utilization rate.

[0124] The following uses the mains power outage scenario as an example to illustrate the power supply method in the transient power supply scenario shown in Figure 8. As shown in Figure 12, the mains power outage occurs (step 1210), and the PSU detects the PSU input voltage in real time (step 1220). The PSU then determines whether the PSU input voltage has triggered the power-off threshold (step 1230). If the PSU input voltage has not triggered the power-off threshold, the PSU input voltage continues to be detected, that is, step 1220 is continued. If the PSU input voltage has triggered the power-off threshold, indicating that a mains power outage may have occurred, the PSU lowers the PSU output voltage (step 1240). The PSU detects the PSU input voltage in real time (step 1250), and the burst power supply module provides power to the cabinet (step 1260). The PSU determines whether the mains power has recovered (step 1270). If the mains power has not recovered, step 1260 is continued. If the mains power has recovered, the PSU increases the PSU output voltage, and the PSU provides power to the cabinet (step 1280).

[0125] Based on the method shown in Figure 12, Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of an example bus voltage control strategy provided by this application. In particular, t0-t1: the mains is normal and the PSU is loaded; t1: the mains is interrupted, and after 4 milliseconds the PSU quickly reduces the output voltage, for example, from 54.5V to 51V, and the burst power supply module carries the load; t1-t2: the burst power supply module is loaded (at this time, the output capacity can be maintained for S seconds); the PSU is in a no-load working state; t2: the interruption is restored, the mains is normal, the PSU re-adjusts the output voltage, re-loads, and re-energizes the burst power supply module.

[0126] Therefore, by controlling the bus voltage inside the cabinet, during the mains power outage, the output voltage of the PSU is lowered to achieve PSU unloading, and the burst power supply module is used for power supply, thereby improving the ability to resist input mains power outages, which can be increased from 10 milliseconds to hundreds of milliseconds.

[0127] For Class C data center computer rooms, since Class C data center computer rooms do not have strong power supply requirements, the computer room does not need to be equipped with UPS. The mains power can be directly supplied to the computer room to power the cabinets, greatly reducing the power supply and distribution costs of the computer room.

[0128] In other embodiments, a signal linkage can be established between the burst power supply module, the PSU and the device, and combined with the advance prediction and prejudgment of the business, the PSU and the burst power supply module can execute the power supply method provided in this application according to the linkage signal, further optimize the implementation effect, and improve the utilization rate of the mains power. For example, as shown in Figure 14, when the device is overclocked, an overclocking signal can be sent to the PSU and the burst power supply module to make the PSU reduce the output power of the PSU, and the burst power supply module adjusts the operating frequency or duty cycle, such as increasing the operating frequency or duty cycle, so that the burst power supply module discharges smoothly and cooperates with the PSU to supply power to the devices in the cabinet. When the mains power is cut off, the PSU can send a power-off signal to the burst power supply module to make the burst power supply module adjust the operating frequency or duty cycle, and the burst power supply module discharges smoothly and cooperates with the PSU to supply power to the devices in the cabinet.

[0129] As a possible implementation, Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a power supply system provided by this application. As shown in Figure 15, power supply system 1500 includes a cabinet-level power conversion module 1510, a burst power supply module 1520, a board-level power conversion module 1530, and an artificial intelligence processor 1540. The cabinet-level power conversion module 1510, the burst power supply module 1520, the board-level power conversion module 1530, and the artificial intelligence processor 1540 are connected via a power bus 1550. The cabinet-level power conversion module 1510 is connected to the main power supply, and the number of each component can be one or more. When multiple cabinet-level power conversion modules are provided, the multiple cabinet-level power conversion modules can form a global pool, which is used to convert the voltage provided by the main power supply to the voltage required by each server or device. The burst power supply module is used to provide the system with burst power supply voltage to meet the required voltage for the artificial intelligence processor. The burst power supply module technology can maximize envelope performance and improve mains power utilization. On the one hand, it provides optimal envelope performance. When power is available within hundreds of milliseconds, it can significantly improve AI computing power in a short period of time. The integrated heat dissipation effect can maximize envelope performance. On the other hand, the burst power supply module can better improve the utilization rate of mains power, ensure safe and stable power supply for the entire cabinet, prevent excessive mains power, and greatly improve the utilization rate of mains power.

[0130] It is understood that in order to implement the functions in the above embodiments, the computer system includes hardware structures and / or software modules corresponding to the execution of each function. It should be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that, in combination with the units and method steps of each example described in the embodiments disclosed in this application, the present application can be implemented in the form of hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is executed in the form of hardware or computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application scenario and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0131] The power supply method provided in the present application is described in detail above in conjunction with Figures 1 to 15. The power supply device provided in accordance with this embodiment will be described below in conjunction with Figure 16.

[0132] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a possible power supply device provided in this application. These power supply devices can be used to implement the functions of the power supply module in the above method embodiment, thereby also achieving the beneficial effects of the above method embodiment. In this embodiment, the power supply device can be the power supply module 110 shown in Figure 8.

[0133] As shown in Figure 16, the power supply device 1600 includes a monitoring module 1620, a decision module 1630, a power supply module 1640, and a storage module 1650. The power supply device 1600 is used to implement the functions of the power supply module in the method embodiment shown in Figure 8 above.

[0134] The monitoring module 1620 is used to process cabinet power supply parameters.

[0135] The decision module 1630 is configured to detect the state of the cabinet where the power supply system is located and determine whether a transient power supply event has occurred in the cabinet. For example, the decision module 1630 is configured to execute steps 820 and 830 in FIG8 .

[0136] The power supply module 1640 is used to supply power to the components in the cabinet at a constant power. For example, the power supply module 1640 is used to execute step 810 in FIG8 .

[0137] Optionally, the power supply device 1600 further includes a communication module 1610 for acquiring power supply parameters.

[0138] Optionally, the power supply device 1600 further includes a storage module 1650 , which may be used to store information such as transient power supply events and power supply parameters in the above method embodiment.

[0139] It should be understood that the power supply device 1600 according to the embodiment of the present application can be implemented by a PSU. The power supply device 1600 according to the embodiment of the present application can be used to perform the method described in the embodiment of the present application, and the above-mentioned and other operations and / or functions of each unit in the power supply device 1600 are respectively for implementing the corresponding processes of each method in Figure 8. For the sake of brevity, they are not further described here.

[0140] The present application also provides a burst power supply module, which includes a logic circuit. The logic circuit is used to execute the power supply method described in the above embodiment to power the cabinet.

[0141] The present application provides a data center, which includes multiple cabinets as described in the above embodiments. The cabinets can be powered by the power supply method described in the above embodiments.

[0142] The method steps in this embodiment can be implemented by hardware or by a processor executing software instructions. The software instructions can be composed of corresponding software modules, which can be stored in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), registers, hard disks, mobile hard disks, CD-ROMs, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor so that the processor can read information from the storage medium and write information to the storage medium. Of course, the storage medium can also be an integral part of the processor. The processor and storage medium can be located in an ASIC. In addition, the ASIC can be located in a computing device. Of course, the processor and storage medium can also exist as discrete components in a network device or a terminal device.

[0143] In the above embodiments, all or part of the embodiments can be implemented by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, all or part of the embodiments can be implemented in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer programs or instructions. When the computer program or instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the process or function described in the embodiments of the present application is performed in whole or in part. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, a network device, a user device or other programmable device. The computer program or instruction can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. For example, the computer program or instruction can be transmitted from one website, computer, server or data center to another website, computer, server or data center via wired or wireless means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium, such as a floppy disk, a hard disk, or a tape; it can also be an optical medium, such as a digital video disc (DVD); it can also be a semiconductor medium, such as a solid state drive (SSD).

[0144] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, and such modifications or substitutions should be included in the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A power supply method, characterized in that: The method is applied to a power supply system, the power supply system includes a power supply module PSU and a burst power supply module, the PSU is used to provide a power supply capability that meets the steady-state power supply demand of the cabinet, the burst power supply module is used to provide a power supply capability that meets the transient power supply demand of the cabinet, the PSU and the burst power supply module are both connected to the busbar of the cabinet, and the method includes: Detecting the status of the cabinet where the power supply system is located; When the status shows that a transient power supply event occurs in the cabinet, the PSU and the burst power supply module are triggered to coordinate to supply power to the cabinet according to the transient power supply demand.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The burst power supply module includes an energy storage unit, and the energy storage unit includes a plurality of passive components; wherein the energy storage unit stores electrical energy using the plurality of passive components.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The method further comprises: The PSU supplies power to the cabinet at a constant power, and the plurality of passive components in the burst power supply module store electrical energy.

4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The method further comprises: When a transient power supply event occurs in the cabinet, the multiple passive components in the burst power supply module are discharged, and the burst power supply module supplies power to the cabinet.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The PSU and the burst power supply module are triggered to coordinate powering the cabinet according to the transient power supply demand, including: The burst power supply module detects that the bus voltage is less than or equal to the bus voltage threshold, and the burst power supply module adjusts the working frequency of the burst power supply module to cooperate with the PSU to supply power to the cabinet.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The PSU and the burst power supply module are triggered to coordinate powering the cabinet according to the transient power supply demand, including: The PSU and the burst power supply module are coordinated to supply power to the cabinet according to the number of devices in the cabinet that require transient power supply.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that The PSU and the burst power supply module are triggered to coordinate powering the cabinet according to the transient power supply demand, including: The PSU detects that the transient power supply event is that the equipment in the cabinet is operating at an overclocked frequency, and the PSU and the burst power supply module jointly supply power to the cabinet.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that The PSU and the burst power supply module are triggered to coordinate powering the cabinet according to the transient power supply demand, including: The PSU detects that the transient power supply event is a mains power failure, and the burst power supply module supplies power to the cabinet.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that The power supply system includes a plurality of burst power supply modules, and the plurality of burst power supply modules are arranged in at least one unit space in the cabinet.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The PSU and the burst power supply module coordinate to supply power to the cabinet, including: The multiple burst power supply modules supply power to the components in the cabinet based on parallel current sharing.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that The method further comprises: The PSU obtains an overclocking working signal of a device in the cabinet, triggering the PSU and the burst power supply module to coordinate to supply power to the cabinet; or, The burst power supply module obtains a mains power failure signal, triggering the burst power supply module to supply power to the cabinet.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that The method further comprises: The PSU detects that the transient power supply event ends, and supplies power to the cabinet at a constant power. A plurality of passive components in the burst power supply module store electrical energy.

13. A power supply system, characterized in that: The power supply system comprises a power supply module PSU and a burst power supply module, and the power supply system is used to perform the operating steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. The power supply system according to claim 13, characterized in that: The burst power supply module includes an energy storage unit, and the energy storage unit includes a plurality of passive components; wherein the energy storage unit stores electrical energy using the plurality of passive components.

15. The power supply system according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that: The power supply system includes a plurality of burst power supply modules, and the plurality of burst power supply modules are arranged in at least one unit space in the cabinet.

16. A cabinet, characterized in that: The cabinet comprises a power supply system as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 15, and the power supply system is used to perform the operation steps of the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12.

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