New thermal expansion damping mechanism

Abstract

The new damping mechanism (17), varies its volume in a controlled manner by exploiting the natural elastic properties of the materials of its composition in order to absorb all the stress generated by the thermal expansion of the fluid contained in a closed hydraulic circuit when, during its operation and for whatever reason, the enthalpy of this circuit changes.

Description

[0001] NEW THERMAL EXPANSION DAMPING

[0002] MECHANISM

[0003] The present invention deals with creating a new mechanism for managing the transverse pressure produced by thermal stress, also known as the spatial expansion of a fluid in a closed hydraulic circuit. A closed hydraulic circuit has a constant volume; its fluid acquires a similar volume. When, from any cause, the surrounding temperature of the closed circuit increases, then due to the thermal expansion of the fluid, a proportional transverse pressure will be exerted on all parts of the closed hydraulic circuit, thus affecting its smooth operation and, in extreme conditions, even its strength.

[0004] The discipline of fluid mechanics describes and analyzes the physical phenomenon of thermal expansion in detail. The volume of fluids (liquid or gas) varies according to the ambient temperature. If the ambient temperature increases, the thermal energy of the fluid body increases. Depending on the molecular composition of the fluid body, the amplitude of the oscillation of its molecules increases. Therefore, the equilibrium distance between them increases, resulting in a change in the total volume of the fluid body.

[0005] Understanding fluid mechanics is essential in many areas of everyday life and industry. Branches of this science are Hydrostatics, Hydrodynamics, Aerodynamics, and Technical Hydraulics, or Applied Hydraulics, which deals with ways of harnessing and exploiting water through the hydraulic force on the field.

[0006] To simplify and better understand the phenomenon of thermal expansion and its effects, we will focus our analysis, due to the wide range of applications, by choosing the water known to all as a fluid test specimen of the circuit. Consequently, the closed hydraulic circuit of the heating system is used as a reference system.

[0007] The Existing Technology

[0008] Today's applied hydromechanics, to deal with thermal expansion in closed hydraulic water circuits, requires the installation of an airlock, which connoisseurs of the art nowadays call the 'expansion vessel'.

[0009] The existing expansion vessel has been constructed for decades from machined sections of steel coated with the necessary corrosion protection. Added to the whole, these sections, with the synergy of an interposed elastic separation membrane and the proportional volume of gas, form a cooperative, mechanically dynamic system, which collects its operating energy from the environment of the hydraulic system installed. During operation, it behaves passively as a hydraulic pressure transducer. In general, existing expansion vessels are currently manufactured by the type of industry using, depending on the intended use, parts of similar design, made of similar materials, without significant variations, whereby the standardized method of the whole construction and operation is readily apparent.

[0010] A brief description of the existing expansion vessel would undoubtedly include the pressure vessel (1), the corrosion-resistant coating (2), the separation membrane (3), the gas filling valve (4), the filling gas (5) - fig 1,2

[0011] The separation membrane (3) is placed in the pressure vessel (1), dividing the pressure vessel (1) into two parts. One section is permanently connected to the closed hydraulic circuit utilizing suitable connectors (6). In the second part of the vessel, which is separated from the rest of the circuit by a membrane (3), the necessary quantity of filling gas (5) is introduced through the gas filling valve (4), as shown in - fig 1, 2

[0012] The existing technology expansion tank is the primary containment system for all closed hydraulic water circuits. It is particularly crucial when the hydraulic circuit is linked to the public water supply. With its internal mechanism, the expansion tank helps safeguard the circuit from fluctuations in manometric pressure, which can occur periodically and independently by the public water supply system.

[0013] How the existing expansion vessel works

[0014] Before the final application of the existing expansion vessel in a closed hydraulic circuit, an analysis of the volume and type of operation of the hydraulic system also the limits of operation of the other locking mechanisms must carried out; where according to the results, the final mechanical adjustment of the internal atmospheric pressure in the corresponding part of the pressure vessel (1). The result is taken into account together with the expected fluctuations changes in the manometric pressure of the public water supply network.

[0015] Using a mechanical instrument, appropriately weigh the corresponding quantity of filling gas (5) by adding or subtracting the corresponding amount of gas in the corresponding part of the pressure vessel (1) through the gas-filling valve (4). The water in the circuit is contained by the separating diaphragm (3) in the first section of the pressure vessel (1). This section connects to the closed hydraulic circuit through the connection (6). In the second section of the pressure vessel (1), a weighted filling gas (5) exerts a controlled artificial atmospheric pressure on the surface of the separating diaphragm (3).

[0016] The gas is compressed within the vessel section, and through mechanical overpressure, it acquires a dynamic energy value sufficient to overcome the manometric pressure of the closed hydraulic circuit. The mechanism simulating a piston occupies, through the volume it develops, the internal space and the first part of the pressure vessel (1), pushing the water back into the hydraulic circuit and putting the whole system in the volumetric equilibrium predetermined by our analysis.

[0017] During the system's operation, the water temperature will gradually increase, as will happen with the use of the heating device (7), and then the water body will also increase in temperature across the closed hydraulic circuit. The swelling of the water gives the system the energy required for the water to penetrate back into the pressure vessel (1), counteracting the predetermined atmospheric pressure of the filling gas (5) through the separation membrane (3) - fig 4

[0018] Progressively, as the water's temperature increases, the water's volume will increase in proportion. The water penetrates through the connection (6), more and more into the first part of the pressure vessel (1), overcoming the pressure of the filling gas (5), which now has a mechanism in synergy with the separating membrane (3), retreats by being compressed, giving space to the water fig 4

[0019] When the water starts to cool during the system's operating cycle, the physical phenomenon and the behavior of the working mechanism mentioned above are reversed, resulting in a proportional reduction in the volume of water in the closed hydraulic circuit. The accumulated pressure previously exerted by the water through the separating membrane (3) on the filling gas (5) is compensated, and now, as an excess force, the compressed gas, will push the water back into the closed hydraulic circuit - fig 3,4

[0020] Every closed hydraulic circuit features an expansion tank, essential for optimizing system performance and ensuring reliability. It aims to manage, as a whole, the volumetric variation of the water, the consequence of the swelling of the water body caused by the variation of the ambient temperature of the circuit. Through the mechanism of the project, the transverse pressure that will be exerted proportionally on all parts of the closed hydraulic circuit and the devices connected to it will be limited, protecting them as a whole.

[0021] Today's heating hydraulic circuit installations are characterized by automation and circuit breakers to ensure a heating system's smooth, safe, and efficient operation. If, for any reason, the pressure in the hydraulic circuit of the heating system exceeds the predetermined level of safe operation, the safety switches are activated and relieve the excess pressure, allowing the partial escape of water from the hydraulic circuit of the heating system. The existing expansion tank today must be installed, assuming the role of the primary safetymechanism, in any closed cold or hot water hydraulic circuit, which is usually excluded by those skilled in hydraulic art. Especially when one or more heating devices are connected to a closed hydraulic circuit, a special type of expansion vessel made of specific materials is necessary to strongly meet the required strength specifications resulting from the magnitude of the forces developed inside a heated closed hydraulic circuit during its full operation.

[0022] As an example of operation, it is worth mentioning the case of the existing expansion tank being applied as the primary safety mechanism of a common solar water heater (15), and in particular, how the project mechanism responds to the increased need to protect the inner part of the storage tank (8), the hot water supply, and the independent hydraulic circuit of the external solar collectors (9).

[0023] The storage tank (8) and the independent hydraulic circuit of the external solar collectors (9) are mostly made of common iron sheet metal and then coated internally with the glaze enamel, generally defined in this analysis as the anti-corrosion coating (2). This method of construction is intended to limit the possibility of the walls of the storage tank (8) being punctured by the electro-corrosion caused by the galvanic currents of the hydraulic circuit materials while protecting, through this inerting, the water itself from coming into direct contact with the oxides of the metals in the tank.

[0024] During daily operation, the sun heats the liquid (10) located in the solar collectors (14) with its radiation. The liquid (10), due to the thermosyphon effect, is directed through the connections (6), around the perimeter of the storage tank (8), to the external solar collectors (9), where it transfers the thermal energy by conduction to the external surface of the storage tank (8). The heat is transferred through the metal surface to the water for use. The material of the storage tank (8), as part of the system, is subject to the same thermal load so that its surfaces also expand to the thermal variation of the system.

[0025] During the operation of the device, we find that the surfaces of the storage tank (8), in addition to the expansion of the material of construction itself) are also subjected to the transverse stresses resulting from the swelling of the water body, as a consequence of the natural phenomenon of thermal expansion. This phenomenon occurs permanently and repeatedly during the daily operation of the apparatus. After the hot water is consumed for domestic use, the surfaces of the storage tank (8) are cooled and contracted accordingly. The structure material of the storage tank (8) and its internal glazing are different materials and have various degrees of expansion, so the mechanical bond between them and their durability is also tested daily.

[0026] From the decades of experience of the manufacturers of this type of coating, we can see that the mechanical bond between the corrosion- resistant coating (2) and the inner walls of the storage tank (8) is particularly vulnerable to large fluctuations in the ambient temperature of the system, with the result that the bond between them shows microcracking over time. The water gains access through the cracks, comes into contact with the tank construction material, and oxidizes it, rendering the device unusable over the years.

[0027] Therefore, it is necessary to install an expansion tank of a similar volume in the hydraulic circuit of the solar water heater to protect the glass as much as possible from the microcracks caused by the additional transverse forces developed inside the tank by the thermal expansion of the water - fig 3, 4.

[0028] A second example worth mentioning to better understand how the existing expansion tank works is its installation as a primary safety device in a central heating hydraulic circuit. The central heating hydraulic circuit is stand-alone, wholly isolated from the rest of the water supply network. The operating pressure of the circuit is defined only by the manometric pressure of the circuit itself.

[0029] The heating devices, connected to a heating circuit, behave according to the fuel they use. It is understandable that a heat pump as an installed operating device, due to the simplicity of its operation, is more easily controlled through the automation of a circuit compared to a hydraulic fireplace. In the event of a power failure, a heat pump immediately stops adding heat to the circuit, in stark contrast to a hydraulic fireplace, which continues to burn until all the fuel is exhausted.

[0030] With each power failure, the circulation of water in the hydraulic circuit stops so that the water trapped inside the boiler of the device acquires an increasing temperature due to the continuous combustion, gradually reaching levels beyond safe operation so that the safetydevices of the hydraulic circuit are activated in turn, resulting in the overheated water to escape permanently from the closed hydraulic circuit. The prolonged escape of water from the hydraulic circuit negatively affects the volumetric balance of the entire circuit, resulting in an out-of-control drop in the circuit's manometric pressure. The prolonged escape of water from the safety switches may cause vacuum conditions within the hydraulic circuit, which is considered by those skilled in the art to be too dangerous for safety.

[0031] When the electricity is restored, the mechanical circulation will add the trapped water to the rest of the hydraulic circuit by baking it, thus bringing the water temperature back to the safe operating value.

[0032] Applied hydromechanics today, to deal with the prolonged escape of water from the circuit breakers of the hydraulic heating circuit, imposes as an auxiliary safety device the installation of a larger capacity expansion tank than that resulting from the volumetric measurement of the circuit, which would be proportional to the thermal stress of the circuit, creating space for the storage of an excess amount of water with this technique. The surplus water is intended to cover the escaping superheated water equally in the extreme case described above. By suitably adjusting the filling gas (5) to negative pressure with a mechanical device, we can gradually introduce a quantity of water (safety water), quantity selected by design into the first part of the pressure vessel (1); the expansion vessel stabilize the volumetric pressure of the hydraulic heating circuit.

[0033] After its initial adjustment, the filling gas (5) adds the volume of safety water to the fraction of the circuit's total manometric pressure. During the period of thermal stress-spatial expansion, it converts the mechanical energy generated by the compression of the filling gas (5) and stores it.

[0034] Suppose the circuit water starts to escape through the circuit breakers due to overheating. In that case, the extra water (safety water) will be pushed back into the circuit directly by the working mechanism of the existing technology expansi on tank to supplement the amount of water permanently displaced by the circuit breakers.

[0035] With this technical installation, Applied Hydraulic Engineering has created an additional safety system using the existing expansion tank mechanism.

[0036] Findings and Conclusions

[0037] Hydraulic art has only in the last decades managed to free itself from its empirical character, following at the same time the scientific and technological progress of man. Today, it is considered and taught by organized educational structures as a real technical science.

[0038] 1. Finding

[0039] As explained earlier, the existing expansion tank, while is necessary in any closed heated hydraulic circuit and although recommended it by the manufacturers, never installed by experienced installers to the cl osed hydraulic circuit of the solar or electric water heater.

[0040] Most empirical technicians readily characterize the existing expansion tank as an unnecessary cost or even redundancy. If nevertheless installed, it rarely ends up being maintained as it should be, resulting in extensive damage to the protective glazing of solar thermal devices.

[0041] 1.1. The problem

[0042] A solar water heater is permanently exposed to solar radiation during its daily operation and can, under certain conditions, collect a quantity of thermal energy beyond the predetermined safety limit, especially during the summer period. If the consumer does not use solar hot water for a day, the manufacturers invite the owner to cover the devices' external solar collectors even for one day. Otherwise, they expressly disclaim any warranty for manufacturing responsibility eventually from the first day of operation of the solar thermal device.

[0043] 2. Finding

[0044] As mentioned above, the public network sometimes experiences instability in its pressure. For the existing expansion tank to be influential, whenever the pressure of the public network changes, we must immediately adjust it to the correct pressure ratio. Otherwise, the closed hydraulic circuit will be under relative pressure but volumetrically uncontrolled.

[0045] 2.1. The problem

[0046] A fraction of the total water pressure comes from the manometric pressure of the public water supply network. The existing expansion tank essentially under-operates every time the pressure of the public network changes, up to the moment when we intervene and adjust it, manually or mechanically, to the new required pressure level, reacting after the problem has been detected, i.e., always late, with all that this implies in terms of protecting the hydraulic circuit from the existing expansion tank.

[0047] 3. Finding

[0048] During our analysis of the current expansion vessel's operation, we found that fluctuations in the public water supply network's manometric pressure significantly impact the expansion vessel's safe use. This fluctuation is particularly evident when the vessel operates under varying conditions in the water supply network.

[0049] 3.1. The problem

[0050] Suppose the public water supply system operates at a pressure higher than the manometric pressure set during installation. In that case, the excess pressure will cause the water to flow into the first part of the pressure vessel (1). This situation will persist for as long as the elevated pressure continues. The water trapped within the existing tank stops renewed, and thus, it provides an ideal environment for the growth of microorganisms, which, for health reasons, should be avoided.

[0051] 4. Finding

[0052] The existing expansion tank has increased monitoring needs to meet its operational requirements. With decades of experience, we have found that this is only feasible in some applications. It is easy to understand that for the existing expansion vessel to be effective in its operation, it is necessary to install additional automation to monitor the operating pressure of the expansion tank and to be able to directly add or remove the appropriate amount of filling gas. 4.1. The problem

[0053] Similar automation, together with the necessary connection fittings, adds cost and complexity to the existing hydraulic circuit, which prevents its diffusion, thus undermining the effective and uninterrupted operation of the existing inertia vessel.

[0054] 5. Finding

[0055] When installing the existing expansion vessel in a hydraulic heating circuit, the filling gas pressure must be identical to the natural manometric pressure of the circuit. A heating circuit should operate at the lowest possible hydraulic pressure for optimal efficiency. When, for whatever reason, the pressure in a closed hydraulic circuit increases, the water is separated within the circuit into skinny layers with a significant temperature difference.

[0056] The different surface tension between the molecules of the water body is caused by the difference in density of the molecules due to the difference in temperature between them, and the effect is amplified accordingly by the ambient pressure developed during the heating system cycle.

[0057] 5.1. The problem

[0058] The expansion vessel remains unmaintained for long periods after installation, resulting in losses in the quantity of filling gas. When the existing manometric pressure exceeds that of the expansion vessel, the circuit water enters the vessel. It gradually floods the second inner part of the pressure vessel (1), reducing or canceling the operation of the working mechanism of the existing expansion vessel.

[0059] Whenever the operation of the expansion tank is canceled, either by poor maintenance or by the manometric instability of the public network, high pressure develops within the hydraulic circuit. In an overpressure environment, the water that has reached the highest temperature value circulates. It is trapped at the highest points of the circuit path and remains trapped there, preventing its mechanical convection. In other words, the quantity of water with the highest temperature value remains stationary at the point of confinement. The thermal load absorbed by the trapped water is not evenly distributed throughout the hydraulic circuit. Still, the thermal load transferred to the other layers through the interface corresponding to the highest partial pressure of the water layers.

[0060] This system behavior seriously impacts the cost of operating a heating system that is forced to work longer and, therefore, consumes more fuel than is needed by the system in question for the desired result.

[0061] Our analysis should take into account the additional energy- environmental costs caused by the existing expansion tank when it is not adequately maintained, as well as the diffusion of its application in heating systems worldwide. It is easy to understand that today's technological background justifies the evolution of existing technology and encourages further research by the industry to develop new systems and new maintenance procedures that will reduce as much as possible the consequences of underusing the existing application.

[0062] Disclosure of the invention

[0063] The present invention concerns creating a new damping mechanism that fully compensates for the overpressure or underpressure exerted transversely in a closed hydraulic circuit by the fluid contained therein when the ambient temperature changes.

[0064] The new damping mechanism is characterized by the pressure vessel (1), the damping mechanism (17), which is composed entirely of the parts of the three-dimensionally structured surface (16), the internal structure (18), and the sealing membrane (11), the anti -corrosion coating (2), the hydraulic connector (6), the vessel insulating material (20), the outer casing (21), and the valve (4). -fig 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14

[0065] The thermal stress - spatial expansion of the water is exerted between the whole of the inner walls of the hydraulic circuit and the outer surface - [ sealing membrane (11) ], of the damping mechanism (17), which is the first to shrink as the weakest part within the hydraulic circuit. The functional behavior of the damping mechanism (17) results from the combination of the elasticity of the materials of its composition and the mechanical properties generated in it during the application of the construction method.

[0066] In physics, elasticity refers to the ability of materials to return to their original shape after being subjected to external stress. Elastic materials regain their original shape once the applied stress is removed. Elasticity is one of the physical properties of polymeric materials of a particular molecular lattice structure, known as elastomers.

[0067] By selecting between the functional mechanical properties of elastomers, it is possible to construct a composition with a specific mechanical behavior to compensate precisely for the transverse stress exerted on the walls of a closed hydraulic circuit due to the thermal expansion of the fluid within the circuit.

[0068] Their physical behavior orders the classification of elastomeric materials. They can undergo considerable deformations for long periods without exhibiting the invoked structural fracture of the elements of their molecular structure. The driving force behind this elasticity of an elastomer is entropy. The entropy increases with the increase in disorder caused in the elastomer molecules by the chemical action of the catalyst during the vulcanization stage since it forces the macromolecules of the elastomer to cross-link with each other. The physical property of elasticity conferred on elastomers and these bonds are related to the typically low degree of order of their molecular structure, an elastomeric material considered essentially amorphous.

[0069] When an elastomer is subjected to external stress, its molecular chains become more ordered and linear, meaning the material, as a system, becomes correspondingly more orderly. As a consequence of the above situation, when the external stress is applied to the elastomeric material system, a force of equal and opposite direction to the external stress occurs correspondingly in the material system. It remains in a dynamic position to return the elastomer material system to its previous state of maximum entropy, restoring by that the polymer structure's dynamic equilibrium. This structure resulted during the vulcanization of the materials of the new damping mechanism (17) synthesis.

[0070] The new damping mechanism (17) neither absorbs nor consumes energy. It passively, homotropically, directly, and linearly manages the energy generated transversely by the hydraulic system itself as a consequence of the change in its enthalpy and stores the prevailing force, converting it in its entirety into elastic energy.

[0071] Construction Method

[0072] Theoretical Background

[0073] The mixing of polymers is an essential part of materials science. Mixing two polymers results in a mixture whose properties are often better than those of the original polymers from which it was derived. The properties of the final composition lie in knowing the factors and conditions under which the two phases of the materials in the composition form a homogeneous phase or will separate and form a two-phase structure. In this case, understanding how this structure develops and controlling its development is essential.

[0074] During the stages and the Procedures of the Construction Method of the new damping mechanism (17), we provided the possibility that the selected materials of the three-dimensionally structured surface (16) can be placed alone or in a group of multilayer composition constituting together with the internal structure (18) and the sealing membrane (11), the whole of the new damping mechanism (17). Among themselves, the materials of the composition may differ in terms of the volume they occupy in the whole composition or may even selectively differ from each other in terms of their molecular density, thus imparting the final composition of the three- dimensionally structured surface (16), of the new damping mechanism (17), a variety of valuable properties which are always intended to meet the required damping specifications resulting from the design of the mechanism, in conjunction with the parameters of the closed hydraulic circuit, -fig 5,6, 13

[0075] The factors that prescribe the choice of the material or materials of construction of the new damping mechanism (17) are analogous to the: total volume of the closed hydraulic circuit type of fluid handled by the hydraulic circuit operating temperature of the hydraulic system pressure that develops during the operation safety pressure of the hydraulic circuit fuel type of the heating appliances materials for construction of the hydraulic circuit technical characteristics of the construction material of the project mechanism, the damping vessel, and the insulation

[0076] • adsorption, diffusion, and permeability of the material or materials of the composition by the selection gas,

[0077] The data obtained from the analytical calculation of the hydraulic circuit where the new damping mechanism (17) is to be installed, as defined by the EUROPEAN STANDARD NORM EN 12828 / 2003, in combination with the technical characteristics and physical properties of the materials of the composition, from which the optimal damping value of the mechanism obtained.

[0078] The fluid's volume change is proportional to the fluid's initial volume (V) and the degree of temperature change (AT). The coefficient (5), which depends on the type of fluid, its unit is in Kelvin (K-l) or Celsius (C-l) and is called the spatial expansion coefficient of the fluid.

[0079] 8 = 1 / V * AV / AT

[0080] Where (6) is the spatial expansion coefficient of the fluid

[0081] The law of volume expansion of fluid s is similar to the law of volume expansion of solids,

[0082] AV = § VA. AT The change in volume (AV) of a liquid when its temperature is changed by AT is proportional to the liquid's initial volume (VA) and proportional to (AT) and depends on the type of liquid .

[0083] As mentioned above, we will focus our analysis on selecting water as the circuit's fluid test specimen due to its wide range of applications. Consequently, the closed circuit of the heating system is used as a reference system. - Graph 01, Table 01.

[0084] The change in volume (Vd) of water, when its temperature is changed by dTmax, is proportional to the initial volume of water (VA) at temperature (VTmin) and is defined as:

[0085] Where (V) is the water content of the total hydraulic system and is expressed in liters.

[0086] Where (V6) is the volume of water in liters at the maximum operating temperature of the hydraulic system. (Tmax) and is expressed in Celsius (C-l).

[0087] Where (VTmin) is the volume of water in liters at the filling temperature of the hydraulic system (Tmin) and is expressed in Celsius (C-l). Where (6) is the spatial expansion coefficient of water at the maximum operating temperature of the hydraulic system. (Tmax) - see table 01

[0088] Water spatial expansion coefficient (6)

[0089] Table 01, source ~ EN 12828 / 2003

[0090] Tmin= 4C - 6Tmin= 0%, Tmax = 130C- STmax = 6.90% -

[0091] The new damping mechanism (17) should maintain a minimum reserve of safety water (W.S.) to compensate for possible losses from the hydraulic heating circuit, which is expressed in liters (I). The project mechanism, with a quench value greater than 15 I, shall accommodate a safety water (W.S.) reserve of at least 0.5% of the total water content (V) of the hydraulic system at filling temperature (Tmin). However, it shall be at least 3 I and is defined as:

[0092] Ws= VTmin * 0,5% > 31

[0093] The regulations governing pressure vessels are ASME VIII (America), EN 13445 (Europe), PD5500 (England), 97 / 23 / EK / OEK 987 / B / 1999 (Greece). Closed hydraulic circuits are subject to tensile forces acting on their shell walls. The internationally accepted code for designing pressure vessels and circuits under pressure is ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineering) BP VC (Boiler and. Pressure Vessel Code).

[0094] The Design Method for Pressure Vessels is defined in Section VIII (Pressure Vessels) of the ASME Code, BP VC. It uses the design pressure, minimum allowable stress, and geometry-compatible calculations to calculate the minimum required thickness of pressure vessels, tanks, and pipes. The unit of pressure in the International System (S.I.) is Pascal (Pa), and it is defined as:

[0095] IPa =lN / m2 =IKg / ms2

[0096] The systems analysis involving fluid flow defines the overall combination as enthalpy. It expresses the total amount of energy’ a system can transfer to its environment by heat mechanism. The enthalpy change is equal to the amount of heat exchanged with the environment where, taking into account the properties of the internal energy, (U), and the product, (P V) - (flow energy), is defined as:

[0097] Where (U) is the Internal energy, (H) is the enthalpy.

[0098] The elasticity of materials is defined by a fundamental property known as the elastic modulus. This modulus quantifies a material's ability to deform under stress and return to its original shape once the stress is removed. The concept of elastic modulus is extensively studied within the field of Mechanics of Deformable Bodies, which examines how various materials respond to external forces. Different types of elastic modulus, such as Young's, shear, and bulk modulus, describe the relationship between stress and strain in various scenarios, providing critical insights for engineers and scientists in designing resilient materials and structures. Understanding these concepts is essential for applications ranging from construction to manufacturing. In particular, the branch specializes in the modeling of the dynamic responses of all known materials and, at the same time, deals with the recording and modeling of the deformations that take place in these materials under the influence of thermal expansion-contraction.

[0099] The scientific community classified the materials of most significant interest for constructing the new damping mechanism (17) as elastomeric materials on the Albert F. Shore scale. They are assigned SHOREOO, A, and D grades.

[0100]

[0101] Table 02. elastomeric materials, Moshe scale per ASTM D2240

[0102] The modulus of elasticity of the volume depends on the deformed material and the deformation's nature. The elastic deformation follows Hooke's Law and is defined as:

[0103] Where ( E ) is Young's modulus of elasticity of the material.

[0104] Gas-polymer systems, where the gas is solubilized in the polymer matrix, are of significant research and practical interest, as they are found in a large number of industrial processes and everyday applications, such as in separation membranes and in the production of foam plastics, which is relevant to the subject of the present work. The experimental study of parameters such as the amount of gas taken up by the polymer, its subsequent expansion, and its possible transition from the glassy to the elastomeric state is of great importance for the corresponding applications of heating systems.

[0105] During the swelling process, the hydrogen molecules penetrate the mass of the polymer lattice and participate as a fraction of the total volume of the composition. For a given solvent and swelling conditions, the extent of swelling is a function of the lattice density. The greater the swelling, the lower the lattice density, and vice versa.

[0106] Supercritical fluids are of great interest for many applications because of the ease of varying their density through pressure and temperature. Depending on the application, the gas of choice can be supercritical or vapor, and the polymer can be in a glassy or elastomeric state. In addition, there may be weak or strong interaction between them. In the latter case, the gas may dissolve in the polymer or vice versa, i.e., dissolution of the polymer in the gas. The specific volume of any polymer, determined macroscopically, is the sum of the volume 'occupied' by the molecules of the polymer, the volume of the gaps, which is small and evenly distributed throughout the material, and the volume of the holes, which is large enough to allow the gas to pass through.

[0107] The free volume of the holes is often called excess free volume, defined by the following relationship:

[0108] Where (Vf) is the free volume, (V) is the total volume of the polymer, and (V0(I)) is the volume occupied by the polymer.

[0109] For the proper functioning of the damping mechanism, the properties of primary interest are the diffusivity and permeability of each gas component, the possible changes in the state of the polymer, and how a previous gas treatment can improve its properties to be successfully used in such an application. The choice of the appropriate gas, depending on the process, is dictated by considerations such as costeffectiveness, availability, environmental friendliness, and, obviously, the way in which it interacts with the polymer and its solubility in the polymer. As far as polymers are concerned, they are selected according to their availability and the properties required for each application, such as mechanical and thermal resistance, density, molecular weight, etc.

[0110] Method Procedure - Solution Preparation (22)

[0111] In the New Damping Mechanism (17), the Manufacturing Method Process defined as the Solution Preparation (22), the solution of the selected materials of the mechanism composition is stirred by a mechanical means, sub-cooled, within an appropriately shaped and atmosphere-sealed container, until the homogenization of the solution is formed.

[0112] In the next step, following the acclimatization technique, we create a sub-pressure environment within the perimeter through mechanical means. The atmospheric air trapped within the Solution expands due to the induced artificial under-pressure and is gradually extracted from the agitated Solution and subsequently removed by the same mechanical means from the inside of the container.

[0113] Feasibility of the procedure

[0114] During the construction method process, we aim to extract and remove the trapped atmospheric air from the Solution of the composition obtained during its preparation. The industry uses the acclimation technique to extract the molecules of atmospheric air from a viscous solution and thus achieve maximum homogenization of the Solution.

[0115] Method Procedure - Solution Enrichment (23)

[0116] In the Process of building the new damping mechanism (17), defined as Solution Enrichment (23), the Process is differentiated from the existing acclimation technique in that during the stirring of the supercooled Solution of the composition, and after the completion of its homogenization, Hydrogen is gradually injected into the container.

[0117] We add the required amount of Hydrogen in a controlled manner within the container, as derived from the design of the new damping mechanism (17), by gradually varying the pressure of the hydrogen supply and reducing it to overpressure. The sub-cooled Solution continues to be stirred during the Process. Its surface is continuously in contact with the pressurized Hydrogen. Due to the surrounding overpressure, the hydrogen molecules are forced to penetrate further into the glassy structure of the polymeric lattice, causing the adjacent molecular chains to follow a spherical arrangement, which necessarily balances the hydrogen molecules around the periphery. The expected result of the Process is the controlled and progressive diffusion of Hydrogen from the region of the highest concentration into the subcooled colloidal Solution, where it is trapped as a suspension within the polymeric structure of the composition materials.

[0118] During the Process, the Solution of the composition with the encapsulated Hydrogen shall occupy a mixture of the fraction of the total solution mass required by the design, which remains sub-cooled and at super-pressure within the atmosphere-sealed container.

[0119] Feasibility of the procedure

[0120] The Fabrication Method Process aims to create groups of pure hydrogen molecules in randomly grown structures in the form of spheres ranging in size from O.lnm to lOOOnm within the synthesis solution.

[0121] The choice of Hydrogen as the method's trapping gas is based on the physical properties of the hydrogen molecule itself. In the behavior of the hydrogen molecule, we find that the the resultant velocity value is one of the highest compared to the other chemical elements. The resultant velocity is the natural consequence of the separation of gases and is defined as a basic assumption of kinetic theory.

[0122] According to physics, the hydrogen molecule, having the most negligible linear mass, moves faster than the other structural molecules of the three-dimensional surface (16) structure, thus achieving total separation from them. The total separation of the hydrogen favors cross-linking where, in combination with the porosity of the polymeric structures, the vulcanized three-dimensional surface (16) results in the diffusion of the Hydrogen into the surrounding atmosphere of the mold, where, by mechanical means, the Hydrogen can be collected, stored and reused.

[0123] When the Solution Preparation (22) and Solution Enrichment (23) processes are completed, the mixture is introduced into the selected convection mold, maintaining the hydrogen pressure.

[0124] Method Procedure - Gradual Vulcanisation (24)

[0125] The Process of the Method of Construction of the new damping mechanism (17), defined as Gradual Vulcanization (24), where we gradually change, by mechanical means, within the forming mold, the surrounding over-pressure to under-pressure, thereby forcing the entrapped hydrogen to swell accordingly by redefining the orientation of the molecular chains in the structure around the mass of the swollen hydrogen molecule within the polymeric matrix of the synthesis solution. At the same time, the system's overall enthalpy is varied accordingly stepwise, triggering the vulcanization of the mixture in steps depending on the feasibility.

[0126] During the Gradual Vulcanization (24), due to the technically induced gradual change of the factors mentioned above, the composition solution's viscoelastic state changes in a gradual and controlled manner. The partially vulcanized solution behaves asymptotically as a liquid at these limits of the process. The molecular movements of the polymer chains are unrestricted, approximating the movements of the molecules of a viscous fluid. The swelling of hydrogen gradually forms the definitive architecture of the molecular chains of the internal structure (18). It mechanically supports the overall equilibrium of the stresses of the surrounding polymeric structure through its mass.

[0127] During the Gradual Vulcanization Process (24), the partially stabilized structure resulting from the glass transition of the composition solution limits further swelling of the trapped hydrogen within the three- dimensional structured surface (16). Due to the artificial vacuum and natural entanglement, the hydrogen is forced to permeate the formed glassy inner structure (18) and the entire three-dimensional structured surface (16), where it is collected and stored through the mechanical management of the environment of the forming mold.

[0128] Feasibility of the procedure

[0129] During Gradual Vulcanization (24), hydrogen creates a randomly developed spherical structure inside the three-dimensional surface (16), defined as the internal structure (18). This results in a change in the mechanical behavior of the three-dimensionally structured surface (16), decisively affecting the elastic modulus of the composition's material.

[0130] Method Procedure - Final Vulcanisation (25)

[0131] The Process of the Construction Method of the new damping mechanism (17), defined as Final Vulcanization (25), is applied to the composition mixture to determine the optimal vulcanization value through the environment of the mold. The mixture is in an artificial vacuum during the process.

[0132] We have already extracted most of the hydrogen from the solution during the Staged Vulcanisation phase (24), where we have created controlled sub-pressure conditions within the mold. Any appearance of crystallinity reduces the permeability of the polymeric structures and vulcanization due to the more compact structure of the molecular crystals. The gap created in the internal structure (18) by the escape of hydrogen cannot be filled by new molecules of other gases due to the size of the polymer structure.

[0133] The vacuum alters the final thermal conductivity of the three- dimensional surface (16) of the new damping mechanism (17), a property that is particularly useful in the case where the project mechanism is mounted inside a storage tank, for example, in the case of the well-known solar water heater (15), where it transfers the thermal insulation properties to the internal surface of the storage tank (8), by adding to the overall insulation of the storage tank (8); - fig 4, 9, !2 ~

[0134] The polymeric structures of the three-dimensional structured surface (16), as formed during the Method Processes, adequately share the compression caused by the stress on the entire outer surface of the new damping mechanism (17). This is due to the mutual support forces that occur between the three-dimensional lattice of the molecular crosslinking structure of the vulcanization during the conversion of any applied energy into elastic energy.

[0135] Feasibility of the procedure

[0136] During the Final Vulcanization (25), the internal structure (18) takes its final form within the three-dimensional surface (16). This allows us to specify with high accuracy the elastic behavior of the structured surface (16), part of the working mechanism of the new damping mechanism (17).

[0137] Method Procedure Entrapment through the Sealing Membrane

[0138] The Process of the Method of Manufacture of the new damping mechanism (17) is defined as Encapsulation by the Sealing Membrane (11), wherein the final molded formulation of the three-dimensional surface (16) is fully encapsulated externally by the sealing membrane (11), which is the outer boundary, of the new damping mechanism (17).

[0139] Feasibility of the procedure

[0140] The sealing membrane (11) is the surface where the thermal stress of the water within the hydraulic circuit is exerted. The force is induced accordingly through it on the three-dimensional surface (16) and on the grid of internal structures (18), part of the composition that constitutes the new damping mechanism (17).

[0141] Advantages of the Construction Method

[0142] The internal structure (18) contributes decisively to the mechanical operation of the new damping mechanism (17), sensitizing with its presence the mechanical behavior of the material or the mixture of materials of the three-dimensional surface (16), which enables us to use during production thermally more robust materials by varying the degree of elasticity and thermal induction of the material or mixture of materials in a controlled manner. The degree of compression of each part can vary in mechanical behavior during the conversion of thermal stress into elastic energy, depending on its content of internal structures (18). This fact also favors its industrial production because it allows us to manufacture multiple parts with different valuable properties of the new damping mechanism (17) while managing the same mixture.

[0143] Applications of the new damping mechanism

[0144] The new damping mechanism (17) is essential equipment in the broad sense as a primary safety system in the plumbing of industrial plants and domestic plumbing networks.

[0145] The placement of the new damping mechanism (17) is always determined by the topology and requirements of the hydraulic circuit that was to be placed, but in each application, it should be taken into account that the mechanism has, in contrast to the existing technology, more remarkable directness, and efficiency when placed in the hot part of the circuit where the fluid to be treated is collected and stored.

[0146] The new damping mechanism (17) may be placed directly inside an existing section of the hydraulic circuit, taking the shape of the circuit section, or similarly, it may be clad and then plugged inside an existing circuit tank - fig 5, 7, 8, 9, 10,11, 12, 13, 14

[0147] We can install the new damping mechanism (17) in sections at more than one point of the hydraulic circuit. The segmented surfaces of the mechanism provide the final required damping of the transverse pressure by working as a whole - group in synergy - fig 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13

[0148] The final three-dimensionally structured surface (16), part of the new damping mechanism (17), may result as the result of the synthesis of one or more materials and may have as its final dimension any three- dimensional shape that serves the correct positioning and efficient operation of the new damping mechanism (17) - fig 5,6,13

[0149] Advantages of the new damping mechanism

[0150] As mentioned above, the new damping mechanism (17) converts and stores into elastic energy the pressure created by the thermal expansion of the fluid contained within a closed hydraulic circuit when the ambient temperature changes from any cause.

[0151] As mentioned above, the new damping mechanism (17) responds linearly to any pressure change that occurs within the closed hydraulic circuit immediately, naturally at the moment when this change occurs, and not in a delayed manner as a result of the existing expansion tank's daily operation.

[0152] The new damping mechanism (17) provides us with the possibility of constructing and installing the hydraulic circuit transversely without the need for accompanying components in most, if not all, hydraulic installations, thus simplifying the entire installation to the maximum extent, with what this means in the final cost of the hydraulic installation, always compared to the existing known damping mechanism.

[0153] As mentioned above, the new damping mechanism (17), unlike the existing technology, does not need maintenance or supervision to remain effective.

[0154] Depending on the specifications of the materials chosen for its composition, it can cope with the most demanding operating conditions of the closed hydraulic circuits known to date with characteristic ease. The service life of the materials used in its composition can far exceed the service life of the hydraulic circuit and the connected heating devices.

[0155] The smooth operation of a hydraulic heating circuit is determined by the proper maintenance of its parts and devices. Technical hydroengineering today requires periodic inspection of the existing expansion tank to save energy caused by its incorrect adjustment. Applying the new damping mechanism (17) ensures the correct operation of a hydraulic heating circuit from the outset, with a clear impact on the economy, whether in terms of energy or the person- hours required to support and maintain the existing technology.

[0156] It is a fact that the European Union, in the framework of the Circular Economy Package, encourages the Member States of the Union to motivate the design, production, and use of products that ensure the efficient use of resources. They are by design products that are durable, repairable, reusable, and upgradeable, thus identifying with the global demand of people to respect the environment and implement rational solutions to address the impacts of existing industrial activity. Directive E U2018 / 851

[0157] The operational lifetime of the new damping mechanism (17) exceeds the requirements of an existing hydraulic system in terms of time while providing us with the possibility of future dismantling and upgrading it again or repairing it if necessary so that it can be reused in a later hydraulic circuit decades after its first installation.

[0158] The materials required to construct the new damping mechanism (17) are fully recyclable and in line with the procedures and responsibilities of the producer as defined by the current European Union legal framework for waste treatment. Directive EU2018 / 851

[0159] Impact on the Carbon Footprint

[0160] The impact of the implementation of the new damping mechanism (17) on the environment and the carbon footprint, always in a broad sense.

[0161] The diffusion of the existing technology of expansion vessels, in all types of hydraulic systems worldwide, the required maintenance tasks that arise during their operation, the need to have available spare parts, their manufacture, and storage, the necessary person-hour’s generated by the whole process of the maintenance ecosystem, are mainly valued in terms of economic and energy costs, with a clear and measurable carbon footprint.

[0162] The reduction or, even better, the elimination of all of the above needs, as a result of the field implementation of the new damping mechanism (17), will reduce the conservation ecosystem's global carbon footprint accordingly.

[0163] Today, we have the possibility that the energy required for the total production of the new damping mechanism (17) comes exclusively from renewable sources, reducing to a minimum the emissions of greenhouse gases attributable to its production, which is valued by the National Climate Law as a positive practice with environmental benefits, compared to existing production practices. N. 4936 / 2022 Today, the technological and legal background exists to justify the evolution of existing technology and to encourage the industry to adopt new innovative systems. The wide variety of candidate gases and polymers and the possible ways to improve the desired results with combinations of gases or polymers show the breadth of the area offered for research and study.

[0164] Greek Bibliography - References

[0165] 1. Mechanics of Deformable Bodies, G.I. Tsamasjyros - 1991

[0166] 2. Thermal-Solar Systems, K. Antonopoulos, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens - 2008

[0167] 3. Fluid Mechanics, Second Edition, Nikolaos Panjalis, Foundation Eugenides, Merchant Marine Academy - 2017

[0168] 4. Physics 2nd Edition, Antoniou H. Vroulou, Stephanos I. Kamovas, Naval Library, Eugenides Foundation - 2018

[0169] 5. General Chemistry, Dr. Dimitris P. Makris, University of Thessaly, October - 2018

[0170] 6. Polymer Technology Synthesis & Polymer Technology Development of Industrial Processes, A Andreopoulos - P. Tarantili, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens - 2020

[0171] 7. 3D Modeling and Static Analysis of a Compressed Structure Using SolidWorks Software. Thesis- Author: Destouni Christina AM: 14021, School of Engineering, Department of Naval Engineering, University of West Attica - 2021

[0172] 8. Circular Economy Package, Directive EU2018 / 85

[0173] 9. National Climate Law - Transition to climate neutrality and adaptation to climate change, urgent provisions to address the energy crisis and protect the environment. Law 4936-27 May 2022

[0174] 10. EUROPEAN STANDARD NORM EN 12828 March 2003 ICS 91.140.10

[0175] 11. This document is a verbal translation of the Greek priority document, designated as (NEOK MHXANIEMOE AIIOXBEEHE OEPMIKHE AIAETOAHE), GR. Patent 20230100792, dated 10 / 02 / 2023

Claims

ClaimsClaim 1The expansion vessel wherein the expansion vessel is characterized by the outer casing (21), the gas filling valve (4), the hydraulic connector (6), the vessel insulating material (20), with an integrated internal structure (18), and their total encapsulation through the sealing membrane (11), following procedures (22), (23), (24), (25) and (26), of the manufacturing method. It is also characterized by the pressure vessel (1), with the new damping mechanism (17), coated circumferentially within the pressure vessel (1), completely covering the entire inner surface thereof and comprising, the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface (16), its internal structure or structures (18), and their total enclosure by means of the sealing membrane (11), following procedures (22), (23), (24), (25) and (26) of the manufacturing method. The vessel (1), is a thin-walled hydraulic pressure vessel, as technically characterized, with the necessary hydraulic connections (6), depending on the final application, which are used for the introduction and extraction of the fluid within the pressure vessel (1). When, the new damping mechanism (17), is formed and vulcanized inside the pressure vessel (1), we neutralize the inner surface of the pressure vessel (1), protecting the whole vessel from galvanic or oxidative phenomena and their consequences. On the inner surface of the pressure vessel (1), the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface (16) is coated in the required quantity. Following procedures (22), (23), (24), (25) and (26) of the manufacturing method, cavities of a predetermined size, defined as internal structure or structures (18), are developed within the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface (16) in order to beneficially influence the final mechanical behaviour of the three-dimensionally structured surface (16). The pressure vessel (1), was allowed to be used as a final forming mould, by participating in processes (24) and (25) of the manufacturing method. In process (26), the three-dimensionally structured surface (16), is encapsulated in a group or groups by the sealing membrane (11), which is the final surface on which the stress of spatial expansion is applied. The set of the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface (16), the internal structure or structures (18), together with the sealing membrane (11), form the new damping mechanism (17). The new damping mechanism (17) prevents, via the sealing membrane (11), the contact of the container (1) with the fluid of the hydraulic circuit. The whole of the new damping mechanism (17) is designed to be exposed to the spatial expansion of the fluid over the entire surface of the sealing membrane (11), except for the part in contact with the inside of the pressure vessel (1). In synergy with the pressure vessel (1), the new damping mechanism (17), converts the applied stress into elastic energy while giving to the fluid the space required to expand within the hydraulic circuit when for any reason the ambient temperature changes. The housing (21), is intended to thermally protect the pressure vessel (1). It is a second atmospherically sealed vessel where the valve (4) is placed in a suitable position, in order to create an artificial vacuum through it. Inside the housing (21), the container insulating material (20) is placed, completely covering the entire inner surface. The container insulating material (20), consists, of the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface (16), with its internal structure or structures (18), and their total encapsulation by means of the sealing membrane (11). The housing (21), was allowed to be used as a final moulding mould, participating in the processes (24) and (25) of the manufacturing method and is the final surface on which the stress of the external atmospheric pressure is applied. The internally developed plurality of structures (18), of the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface (16), prevent, due to an artificial vacuum, the induction of the temperature of the fluid, into the environment and prevent the contact of the outer walls of the pressure vessel (1), with the atmosphere. In this way, they also prevent the formation of liquefaction inside the housing (21), which could be caused by the difference between the ambient temperature and that of the fluid inside the pressure vessel(1). The composition of the container insulating material (20) is designed to mechanically compensate for the total atmospheric pressure exerted on the outer walls of the housing (21).Claim 2The expansion vessel according to Claim 1 , wherein the expansion vessel is characterized by the outer casing (21), with a common insulating material. Also characterized by the pressure vessel (1), the hydraulic connector (6), the new damping mechanism (17), clad circumferentially within the pressure vessel (1), completely covering the entire inner surface thereof and comprising, of the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface (16), its internal structure or structures (18), and their total encapsulation by means of the sealing membrane (11) following procedures (22), (23), (24), (25) and (26), of the manufacturing method. The vessel (1), is a thin-walled hydraulic pressure vessel, as technically characterized, with the necessary hydraulic connections (6), depending on the final application, which are used for the introduction and extraction of the fluid within the pressure vessel (1). When, the new damping mechanism (17), is formed and vulcanized inside the pressure vessel (1), we neutralize the inner surface of the pressure vessel (1), protecting the whole vessel from galvanic or oxidative phenomena and their consequences. On the inner surface of the pressure vessel (1), the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface (16) is coated in the required quantity. Following procedures (22), (23), (24), (25) and (26) of the manufacturing method, cavities of a predetermined size, defined as internal structure or structures (18), are developed within the elastic three- dimensionally structured surface (16) in order to beneficially influence the final mechanical behaviour of the three-dimensionally structured surface (16). The pressure vessel (1), was allowed to be used as a final forming mould, by participating in the processes (24) and (25) of the manufacturing method. In process (26), the three-dimensionally structured surface (16), is encapsulated in a group or groups by the sealing membrane (11), which is the final surface on which the stress of spatial expansion is applied. The set of the elastic three- dimensionally structured surface (16), the internal structure or structures (18), together with the sealing membrane (11), form the new damping mechanism (17). The new damping mechanism (17) prevents, via the sealing membrane (11), the contact of the container (1) with the fluid of the hydraulic circuit. The whole of the new damping mechanism (17) is designed to be exposed to the spatial expansion of the fluid over the entire surface of the sealing membrane (11), except for the part in contact with the inside of the pressure vessel (1). In synergy with the pressure vessel (1), the new damping mechanism (17), converts the applied stress into elastic energy while giving the fluid the space required to expand within the hydraulic circuit when for any reason the ambient temperature changes.The housing (21), is intended to thermally protect the pressure vessel (1). It is a container within which the common insulating material is placed, completely covering the entire inner surface. The enclosure (21) can also be used as the final mould for moulding the common insulating material, preventing the direct induction of the temperature of the fluid into the environment while preventing the outer walls of the pressure vessel (1) from coming into contact with the atmosphere. In this way, liquefaction within the housing (21) is prevented, liquefaction which could be caused by the difference in ambient temperature with that of the fluid being handled within the pressure vessel (1).Claim 3The expansion vessel according to Claim 2, wherein it is characterized by the pressure vessel (1), the hydraulic coupling (6), the new damping mechanism (17), clad circumferentially within the pressure vessel (1), completely covering the entire inner surface thereof and comprising, the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface (16), its internal structure or structures (18), and their total enclosure by means of the sealing membrane (11), following procedures (22), (23), (24), (25) and (26), of the manufacturing method. The pressure vessel (1), is a thin-walled hydraulic pressure vessel, as technically characterized, with the necessary hydraulic connections (6), depending on the final application, which are used for the introduction and extraction of the fluid within the pressure vessel (1). When, the new damping mechanism (17), is formed and vulcanized inside the pressure vessel (1), we neutralize the inner surface of the pressure vessel (1), protecting the whole vessel from galvanic or oxidative phenomena and their consequences. On the inner surface of the pressure vessel (1), the elastic three- dimensionally structured surface (16) is coated in the required quantity. Following procedures (22), (23), (24), (25) and (26) of the manufacturing method, cavities of a predetermined size, defined as internal structure or structures (18), are developed within the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface (16) in order to beneficially influence the final mechanical behaviour of the three-dimensionally structured surface (16). The pressure vessel (1), was allowed to be used as a final forming mould, by participating in the processes (24) and (25) of the manufacturing method. In process (26), the three-dimensionally structured surface (16), is encapsulated in a group or groups by the sealing membrane (11), which is the final surface on which the stress of spatial expansion is applied. The set of the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface (16), the internal structure or structures (18), together with the sealing membrane (11), form the new damping mechanism (17). The new damping mechanism (17) prevents, via the sealing membrane (11), the contact of the container (1) with the fluid of the hydraulic circuit. The whole of the new damping mechanism (17) is designed to be exposed to the spatial expansion of the fluid over the entire surface of the sealing membrane (11), except for the part in contact with the inside of the pressure vessel (1). In synergy with the pressure vessel (1), the new damping mechanism (17), converts the applied stress into elastic energy while giving the fluid the space required to expand within the hydraulic circuit when for any reason the ambient temperature changes.Claim 4The expansion vessel according to Claim 3, wherein the expansion vessel is characterized by the pressure vessel (1), the hydraulic coupling (6), the new damping mechanism (17), clad circumferentially within the pressure vessel (1), completely covering the whole of its inner surface and consisting of, the three- dimensionally structured elastic surface (16), and its encapsulation by means of the sealing membrane (11) following the procedures (24), (25) and (26) of the manufacturing method. The vessel (1), is a thin-walled hydraulic pressure vessel, as technically characterized, with, depending on the final application, the necessary hydraulic connections (6), which are used for the introduction and extraction of the fluid within the pressure vessel (1). When, the new damping mechanism (17), is formed and vulcanized inside the pressure vessel (1), we neutralize the inner surface of the pressure vessel (1), protecting the whole vessel from galvanic or oxidative phenomena and their consequences. On the inner surface of the pressure vessel (1), the elastic three-dimensionally structuredsurface (16) is coated, in the required amount. The pressure vessel (1), is allowed to be used as a final forming mould, by participating in processes (24) and (25) of the manufacturing method. In process (26), the three-dimensionally structured surface (16), is encapsulated by the sealing membrane (11), which is the final surface on which the stress of spatial expansion is applied. The whole of the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface (16), together with the sealing membrane (11), constitutes the damping mechanism (17). The damping mechanism (17) prevents, via the sealing membrane (11), the contact of the container (1) with the fluid in the hydraulic circuit. The whole of the new damping mechanism (17), is designed to be exposed to the spatial expansion of the fluid, over the entire surface of the sealing membrane (11), except for the part that is in contact with the inside of the pressure vessel (1). In synergy with the pressure vessel (1), the new damping mechanism (17), converts the applied stress into elastic energy while giving the fluid the space required to expand within the hydraulic circuit when for any reason the ambient temperature changes.Claim 5The expansion vessel wherein the expansion vessel is characterized by the outer casing (21), the gas filling valve (4), the hydraulic connector (6), the vessel insulating material (20), with an integrated internal structure (18), and their total encapsulation through the sealing membrane (11), following procedures (22), (23), (24), (25) and (26), of the manufacturing method. Also characterized by the pressure vessel (1), the anti-corrosion coating (2), with the new damping mechanism (17), coated on a portion within the pressure vessel (1), completely covering the entire portion of its inner surface and comprising, of the elastic three- dimensionally structured surface (16), its internal structure or structures (18), and their total encapsulation through the sealing membrane (11), following procedures (22), (23), (24), (25) and (26), of the manufacturing method. The vessel (1), is a thin-walled hydraulic pressure vessel, as technically characterized, with the necessary hydraulic connections (6), depending on the final application, which are used for the introduction and extraction of the fluid within the pressure vessel (1). On the inner surface of the pressure vessel (1), with the corrosion-resistant coating (2), the required quantity of the three- dimensionally structured elastic surface (16) is applied in the selection section. Following procedures (22), (23), (24), (25) and (26) of the manufacturing method, cavities of predetermined size, defined as internal structure or structures (18), are developed within the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface (16), in order to beneficially influence the final mechanical behaviour of the three-dimensionally structured surface (16). The pressure vessel (1), was allowed to be used as a final forming mould, by participating in processes (24) and (25) of the manufacturing method. In process (26), the three-dimensionally structured surface (16), is encapsulated in group or groups by the sealing membrane (11), which is the final surface on which the stress of spatial expansion is applied. The set of the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface (16), the internal structure or structures (18), together with the sealing membrane (11), form the new damping mechanism (17). When, the new damping mechanism (17), is formed and vulcanized inside the pressure vessel (1), we neutralize the inner surface of the pressure vessel (1), protecting the part of the vessel mounting point from galvanic or oxidative phenomena and their consequences. The new damping mechanism (17), prevents through the sealing membrane (11), the contact of the part of the vessel (1), with the fluid of the hydraulic circuit. The whole of the new damping mechanism (17) is designed to be exposed to the spatial expansion of the fluid over the entire surface of the sealing membrane (11), except for the part in contact with the inside of the pressure vessel (1). In synergy with the pressure vessel (1), the new damping mechanism (17), converts the applied stress into elastic energy while giving the fluid the space required toexpand within the hydraulic circuit when for any reason the ambient temperature changes. The housing (21), is intended to thermally protect the pressure vessel (1). It is a second atmospherically sealed vessel where the valve (4) is placed in a suitable position, in order to create an artificial vacuum through it. Inside the housing (21), the container insulating material (20) is placed, completely covering the entire inner surface. The container insulating material (20), consists, of the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface (16), with its internal structure or structures (18), and their total encapsulation through the sealing membrane (11). The housing (21), was allowed to be used as a final moulding mould, participating in the processes (24) and (25) of the manufacturing method and is the final surface on which the stress of the external atmospheric pressure is applied. The internally developed plurality of structures (18), of the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface (16), prevent, due to an artificial vacuum, the induction of the temperature of the fluid, into the environment and prevent the contact of the outer walls of the pressure vessel (1), with the atmosphere. In this way, they also prevent the formation of liquefaction inside the housing (21), which could be caused by the difference between the ambient temperature and that of the fluid inside the pressure vessel (1). The composition of the container insulating material (20) is designed to mechanically compensate for the total atmospheric pressure exerted on the outer walls of the housing (21).Claim 6The expansion vessel according to Claim 5, wherein the expansion vessel is characterized by the outer casing (21), with a common insulating material. Also characterized by the pressure vessel (1), the anti-corrosion coating (2), the hydraulic coupling (6), the new damping mechanism (17), coated on a portion within the pressure vessel (1), completely covering the portion of the inner surface of the mounting point and comprising, the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface (16), its internal structure or structures (18), and their total encapsulation by means of the sealing membrane (11) following procedures (22), (23), (24), (25) and (26) of the manufacturing method. The vessel (1), is a thinwalled hydraulic pressure vessel, as technically characterized, with the necessary hydraulic connections (6), depending on the final application, which are used for the introduction and extraction of the fluid within the pressure vessel (1). On the inner surface of the pressure vessel (1), with the corrosion-resistant coating (2), the required quantity of the three-dimensionally structured elastic surface (16) is coated in the selection section. Following procedures (22), (23), (24), (25) and (26) of the manufacturing method, cavities of predetermined size, defined as internal structure or structures (18), are developed within the elastic three- dimensionally structured surface (16), in order to beneficially influence the final mechanical behaviour of the three-dimensionally structured surface (16). The pressure vessel (1), was allowed to be used as a final forming mould, by participating in the processes (24) and (25) of the manufacturing method. In process (26), the three-dimensionally structured surface (16), is encapsulated in a group or groups by the sealing membrane (11), which is the final surface on which the stress of spatial expansion is applied. The set of the elastic three- dimensionally structured surface (16), the internal structure or structures (18), together with the sealing membrane (11), form the new damping mechanism (17). When, the new damping mechanism (17), is formed and vulcanized within the pressure vessel (1), we neutralize the inner surface of the pressure vessel (1), protecting the part of the vessel's mounting point from galvanic or oxidative effects and their consequences. The new damping mechanism (17), prevents, through the sealing membrane (11), the contact of the part of the container (1), with the fluid of the hydraulic circuit. The whole of the new damping mechanism (17) is designed to be exposed to the spatial expansion of the fluid over the entire surface of the sealing membrane (11), except for the part in contact with theinside of the pressure vessel (1). In synergy with the pressure vessel (1), the new damping mechanism (17), converts the applied stress into elastic energy while giving the fluid the space required to expand within the hydraulic circuit when for any reason the ambient temperature changes. The housing (21), is intended to thermally protect the pressure vessel (1). It is a container within which the common insulating material is placed, completely covering the entire internal surface. The enclosure (21) can also be used as the final mould for moulding the common insulating material, preventing the direct induction of the temperature of the fluid into the environment while preventing the outer walls of the pressure vessel (1) from coming into contact with the atmosphere. In this way, liquefaction within the housing (21) is prevented, liquefaction which could be caused by the difference in ambient temperature with that of the fluid being handled within the pressure vessel (1).Claim 7The expansion vessel according to Claim 6, wherein it is characterized by the pressure vessel (1), the anti-corrosion coating (2), the hydraulic connector (6), the new damping mechanism (17), coated on a portion within the pressure vessel (1), completely covering the portion of the inner surface of the mounting point and comprising, the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface (16), its internal structure or structures (18), and their total encapsulation by means of the sealing membrane (11), following procedures (22), (23), (24), (25) and (26) of the manufacturing method. The pressure vessel (1), is a thin-walled hydraulic pressure vessel, as technically characterized, with the necessary hydraulic connections (6), depending on the final application, which are used for the introduction and extraction of the fluid within the pressure vessel (1). On the inner surface of the pressure vessel (1), with the corrosion-resistant coating (2), the required quantity of the three-dimensionally structured elastic surface (16) is coated in the selection section. Following procedures (22), (23), (24), (25) and (26) of the manufacturing method, cavities of predetermined size, defined as internal structure or structures (18), are developed within the elastic three- dimensionally structured surface (16), in order to beneficially influence the final mechanical behaviour of the three-dimensionally structured surface (16). The pressure vessel (1), was allowed to be used as a final forming mould, by participating in the processes (24) and (25) of the manufacturing method. In process (26), the three-dimensionally structured surface (16), is encapsulated in a group or groups by the sealing membrane (11), which is the final surface on which the stress of spatial expansion is applied. The set of the elastic three- dimensionally structured surface (16), the internal structure or structures (18), together with the sealing membrane (11), form the new damping mechanism (17). When, the new damping mechanism (17), is formed and vulcanized inside the pressure vessel (1), we neutralize the inner surface of the pressure vessel (1), protecting the part of the vessel's mounting point from galvanic or oxidative effects and their consequences. The new damping mechanism (17), prevents, through the sealing membrane (11), the contact of a part of the container (1), with the fluid of the hydraulic circuit. The whole of the new damping mechanism (17) is designed to be exposed to the spatial expansion of the fluid over the entire surface of the sealing membrane (11), except for the part in contact with the inside of the pressure vessel (1). In synergy with the pressure vessel (1), the new damping mechanism (17), converts the applied stress into elastic energy while giving the fluid the space required to expand within the hydraulic circuit when for any reason the ambient temperature changes.Claim 8The expansion vessel according to Claim 7, wherein it is characterized by the pressure vessel (1), the anti-corrosion coating (2), the hydraulic coupling (6), the new damping mechanism (17), coated on a portion within the pressure vessel (1), completely covering the portion of the inner surface of the mounting point and consisting, of the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface (16), and its encapsulation by means of the sealing membrane (11), following procedures (24), (25) and (26), of the manufacturing method. The pressure vessel (1), is a thin-walled hydraulic pressure vessel, as technically characterized, with, depending on the final application, the necessary hydraulic connections (6), which are used for the introduction and extraction of the fluid within the pressure vessel (1). On the inner surface of the pressure vessel (1), with the anti-corrosion coating (2), is coated, in the selection section the required amount, of the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface (16), following the procedures (24), (25) and (26), of the manufacturing method The pressure vessel (1), is allowed to be used as a final moulding mould, participating in the procedures (24) and (25) of the manufacturing method. In process (26), the three-dimensionally formed surface (16), is encapsulated in a group or groups by the sealing membrane (11), which is the final surface on which the stress of spatial expansion is applied. The set of the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface (16), the internal structure or structures (18), together with the sealing membrane (11), constitute the new damping mechanism (17). When, the new damping mechanism (17), is formed and vulcanized within the pressure vessel (1), we neutralize the internal surface of the pressure vessel (1), protecting the whole of the vessel from galvanic or oxidative phenomena and their consequences. The new damping mechanism (17), prevents, through the sealing membrane (11), the contact of a part of the vessel (1), with the fluid of the hydraulic circuit. The whole of the new damping mechanism (17) is designed to be exposed to the spatial expansion of the fluid over the entire surface of the sealing membrane (11), except for the part in contact with the inside of the pressure vessel (1). In synergy with the pressure vessel (1), the new damping mechanism (17), converts the applied stress into elastic energy while giving the fluid the space required to expand within the hydraulic circuit when for any reason the ambient temperature changes.Claim 9The expansion vessel wherein the expansion vessel is characterized by the outer casing (21), the gas filling valve (4), the hydraulic connector (6), the vessel insulating material (20), with an integrated internal structure (18), and their total encapsulation through the sealing membrane (11), following procedures (22), (23), (24), (25) and (26), of the manufacturing method. It is also characterized by the pressure vessel (1), the anti-corrosion coating (2), the new damping mechanism (17), consisting of the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface (16), with developed internal structure or structures (18), and their total encapsulation through the sealing membrane (11), following the procedures (22), (23), (24), (25) and (26), of the manufacturing method. The vessel (1), is a thinwalled hydraulic pressure vessel, as technically characterized, with the necessary hydraulic connections (6), depending on the final application, which are used for the introduction and extraction of the fluid within the pressure vessel (1). Following procedures (22), (23), (24), (25) and (26) of the manufacturing method, cavities of predetermined size, defined as internal structure or structures (18), are developed within the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface (16) in order to beneficially influence the final mechanical behaviour of the three-dimensionallystructured surface (16). During the process (26), the three-dimensionally structured surface (16) is encapsulated in a group or groups by the sealing membrane (11), which is the final surface on which the stress of spatial expansion is applied. The set of the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface(16), the internal structure or structures (18), together with the sealing membrane (11), form the new damping mechanism (17). The new damping mechanism (17) is mounted freely within the pressure vessel (1). The new working mechanism(17) prevents, through the sealing membrane (11), contact between the vessel (1) and the fluid in the hydraulic circuit. The whole of the new damping mechanism (17) is designed to be exposed to the spatial expansion of the fluid over the entire surface of the sealing membrane (11). In synergy with the pressure vessel (1), the new elastic damping mechanism (17), converts the applied stress of the fluid into elastic energy while providing the space required for the fluid to expand within the hydraulic circuit when for any reason the ambient temperature changes. The housing (21), is intended to thermally protect the pressure vessel (1). It is a second atmospherically sealed vessel where the valve (4) is placed in a suitable position, in order to create an artificial vacuum through it. Inside the housing (21), the container insulating material (20) is placed, completely covering the entire inner surface. The container insulating material (20), consists, of the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface (16), with its internal structure or structures (18), and their total encapsulation through the sealing membrane (11). The housing (21), was allowed to be used as a final moulding mould, participating in the processes (24) and (25) of the manufacturing method, and is the final surface on which the stress of the external atmospheric pressure is applied. The internally developed plurality of structures (18), of the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface (16), prevent, due to an artificial vacuum, the induction of the temperature of the fluid handled, into the environment and prevent the contact of the outer walls of the pressure vessel (1), with the atmosphere. In this way, they also prevent the formation of liquefaction inside the housing (21), which could be caused by the difference between the ambient temperature and that of the fluid inside the pressure vessel (1). The composition of the container insulating material (20) is designed to mechanically compensate for the total atmospheric pressure exerted on the outer walls of the housing (21).Claim 10The expansion vessel according to Claim 9, wherein the expansion vessel is characterized by the outer casing (21), with a common insulating material, the pressure vessel (1), the anti-corrosion coating (2), the new damping mechanism (17), consisting of the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface (16), with developed internal structure or structures (18), and their total encapsulation through the sealing membrane (11), following procedures (22), (23), (24), (25) and (26), of the manufacturing method. The vessel (1), is a thin-walled hydraulic pressure vessel, as technically characterized, with the necessary hydraulic connections (6), depending on the final application, which are used for the introduction and extraction of the fluid within the pressure vessel (1). Following procedures (22), (23), (24), (25) and (26) of the manufacturing method, cavities of predetermined size, defined as internal structure or structures (18), are developed within the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface (16) in order to beneficially influence the final mechanical behaviour of the three-dimensionally structured surface (16). During the process (26), the three-dimensionally structured surface (16) is encapsulated in a group or groups by the sealing membrane (11), which is the final surface on which the stress of spatial expansion is applied. The set of the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface (16), the internal structure or structures (18), together with the sealing membrane (11), form the new damping mechanism (17). The new damping mechanism (17)is mounted freely within the pressure vessel (1). The assembly of the new damping mechanism (17) is designed to be exposed to the spatial expansion of the fluid over the entire surface of the sealing membrane (11). In synergy with the pressure vessel (1), the new damping mechanism (17), converts the applied stress of the fluid into elastic energy while providing the space required for the fluid to expand within the hydraulic circuit when for any reason the ambient temperature changes. The housing (21), is intended to thermally protect the pressure vessel (1). It is a second vessel that is atmospherically sealed. Within the housing (21) and between the pressure vessel (1), the common insulating material is placed.Claim 11The expansion vessel according to Claim 10, wherein it is characterized by the outer casing (21), with common insulating material, the pressure vessel (1), the anti-corrosion coating (2), the new damping mechanism (17), comprising the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface (16), and their final encapsulation through the sealing membrane (11), following the procedures (24), (25) and (26), of the manufacturing method. The new damping mechanism (17) is freely positioned within the pressure vessel (1). The vessel (1) is a thin-walled hydraulic pressure vessel, as technically characterized, with the necessary hydraulic connections (6), depending on the final application, which are used for the introduction and extraction of the fluid within the pressure vessel (1). The entire new damping mechanism (17) is designed to be exposed to the spatial expansion of the fluid over the entire surface of the sealing membrane (11). In synergy with the pressure vessel (1), the new damping mechanism (17), converts the applied stress of the fluid into elastic energy while providing the space required for the fluid to expand within the hydraulic circuit when for any reason the ambient temperature changes. The housing (21), is intended to thermally protect the pressure vessel (1). It is a second vessel that is atmospherically sealed. Within the housing (21) and between the pressure vessel (1), the common insulating material is placed.Claim 12The expansion vessel according to Claim 10, wherein the pressure vessel (1), the anti-corrosion coating (2), the new damping mechanism (17), comprising the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface (16) is characterized, with a developed internal structure or structures (18), and their overall encapsulation by means of the sealing membrane (11), following procedures (22), (23), (24), (25) and (26) of the construction method. The vessel (1), is a thin-walled hydraulic pressure vessel, as technically characterized, with the necessary hydraulic connections (6), depending on the final application, which are used for the introduction and extraction of the fluid within the pressure vessel (1). Following procedures (22), (23), (24), (25) and (26) of the manufacturing method, cavities of predetermined size, defined as internal structure or structures (18), are developed within the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface (16) in order to beneficially influence the final mechanical behaviour of the three-dimensionally structured surface (16). During the process (26), the three-dimensionally structured surface (16) is encapsulated in a group or groups by the sealing membrane (11), which is the final surface on which the stress of spatial expansion is applied. The set of the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface (16), the internal structure or structures (18), together with the sealing membrane (11), form the new damping mechanism (17). The new damping mechanism (17)is mounted freely within the pressure vessel (1). The assembly of the new damping mechanism (17) is designed to be exposed to the spatial expansion of the fluid over the entire surface of the sealing membrane (11). In synergy with the pressure vessel (1), the new damping mechanism (17), converts the applied stress of the fluid into elastic energy while providing the space required for the fluid to expand within the hydraulic circuit when for any reason the ambient temperature changes.Claim 13The expansion vessel according to Claim 12, wherein it is characterized by the pressure vessel (1), the anti-corrosion coating (2), the new damping mechanism (17), comprising the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface (16), their final encapsulation through the sealing membrane (11), following the procedures (24), (25) and (26), of the manufacturing method. The vessel (1), is a thin-walled hydraulic pressure vessel, as technically characterized, with, depending on the final application, the necessary hydraulic connections (6), which are used for the introduction and extraction of the fluid within the pressure vessel (1). In the process (26), the three-dimensionally structured surface (16) is encapsulated in a group or groups by the sealing membrane (11), which constitutes the end surface on which the stress of spatial expansion is applied. The set of the elastic three- dimensionally structured surface (16), together with the sealing membrane (11), constitute the new damping mechanism (17). The new damping mechanism (17) is freely mounted within the pressure vessel (1). The assembly of the new damping mechanism (17) is designed to be exposed to the spatial expansion of the fluid over the entire surface of the sealing membrane (11). In synergy with the pressure vessel (1), the new damping mechanism (17), converts the applied stress of the fluid into elastic energy while providing the space required for the fluid to expand within the hydraulic circuit when for any reason the ambient temperature changes.Claim 14The new damping mechanism (17), consisting of the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface (16), with developed internal structure or structures (18), and their total encapsulation through the sealing membrane (11), following the procedures (22), (23), (24), (25) and (26), of the manufacturing method, wherein, within the elastic 3D structured surface (16), cavities of predetermined size, defined as internal structure or structures (18), are developed in order to beneficially influence the final mechanical behaviour of the 3D structured surface (16).In process (26), the three-dimensionally structured surface (16) is encapsulated in a group or groups by the sealing membrane (11), which is the end surface on which the stress of spatial expansion is applied. The set of the elastic three- dimensionally structured surface (16), the internal structure or structures (18), together with the sealing membrane (11), form the new damping mechanism (17). The new damping mechanism (17) shall be mounted freely within an existing space of the hydraulic circuit. It can also be placed along the length, inside the pipes and / or joints, transferring the useful properties of the selection materials to them. The coating of the new damping mechanism (17), inside the elements of the hydraulic circuit, prevents adhesion due to the mobility caused across the surface of the sealing membrane (11), by the spatial expansion of the fluid handling the hydraulic circuit. In synergy with the total internal surface area of thehydraulic circuit, the new damping mechanism (17), converts the applied fluid stress into elastic energy while giving the fluid the space required to swell within the hydraulic circuit when for any reason the ambient temperature changes.Claim 15The new damping mechanism (17), according to Claim 14, wherein it is characterized by the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface (16), and their final encapsulation through the sealing membrane (11), following procedures (24), (25) and (26), of the method of manufacture. In process (26), the three- dimensionally structured surface (16), is encapsulated in a group or groups by the sealing membrane (11), which is the final surface on which the stress of spatial expansion is applied. The set of the elastic three-dimensionally structured surface (16), the internal structure or structures (18), together with the sealing membrane (11), form the new damping mechanism (17). The new damping mechanism (17) shall be mounted freely within an existing space of the hydraulic circuit. It can also be placed along the length of the inside of the pipes and / or joints, transferring the useful properties of the selection materials to them. The coating of the new damping mechanism (17), inside the hydraulic circuit elements, prevents adhesion due to the mobility caused across the surface of the sealing membrane (11) by the spatial expansion of the fluid handling the hydraulic circuit. In synergy with the total internal surface area of the hydraulic circuit, the new damping mechanism (17), converts the applied fluid stress into elastic energy while giving the fluid the space required to swell within the hydraulic circuit when for any reason the ambient temperature changes.Claim 16Construction methodThe Construction Method of the new damping mechanism (17) is characterized by: the Process of the Manufacturing Method, defined as the Solution Preparation (22), wherein, the selected materials of the composition of the three- dimensionally structured surface (16) are stirred within a container in an artificial vacuum, created by a mechanical means, until they are homogenized. the Process of the Method of Manufacture of this method, defined as Solution Enrichment (23), whereby through artificial overpressure we inject hydrogen into the homogeneous solution where, in combination with continuous mechanical stirring, the hydrogen progressively penetrates and is trapped in the composition solution in the form of bubbles. the Process of the Method of Manufacture of this Method, defined as Progressive Vulcanisation (24), where the solution of the composition is propelled, by a mechanical means, into the moulding mould where it remains under artificial overpressure. Hydrogen remains trapped in the synthesis solution in bubbles or groups are formed between them, randomly positioned within the solution, thereby affecting the molecular structure of the synthesis solution. The solution solidifies according to the ambient temperature of the moulding mould, and as we can selectively influence the ambient temperature of the moulding mould, we achieve a variation in the time duration of the gradual vulcanisation (24). Thecomposition solution, while in the moulding mould at overpressure, is gradually repressurised, the hydrogen recovered from the process is stored and reused in a subsequent manufacturing cycle. the Process of this Manufacturing Method defined as Final Vulcanisation (25), wherein, within the moulding mould, the optimum vulcanisation value is applied to the composition mixture through the moulding mould environment. The mixture is in an artificial vacuum during the process. the Process of this Manufacturing Method defined as Enclosing the New Damping Mechanism (17) with the Sealing Membrane (11), wherein the final molded formulation of the three-dimensional surface (16) is fully encapsulated externally with the Sealing Membrane (11), which is the outer boundary of the new damping mechanism (17).The Fabrication Method with Procedures (22), (23), (24), (25), (26) of the new Damping Mechanism (17), creates during Vulcanization within the selected composition solution, random groups of structurally stabilized cavities defined as internal structure (18). By mechanical means we induce the participation of hydrogen as a fraction of the molecular mass of the composition solution. By suitably varying the ambient pressure and the ambient temperature of the moulding mould, we obtain the possibility to adjust, with great precision, the final volume that the internal structure (18) will occupy within the vulcanising composition solution, always in accordance with the participation value of the internal structure (18), defined by the design, as a fraction of the bearing mass of the new damping mechanism (17). The composition solution shall be vulcanised, according to the construction method, at successive intervals, whereby the composition solution is gradually and controllably solidified. During vulcanisation, the conditions of the surrounding pressure of the mould are progressively changed from the overpressure found when the solution is introduced into the mould to under-pressure, forcing the hydrogen trapped within the solution to expand further, but confined to the walls of the moulding mould itself. In this way, amorphous cavities are formed within the composition solution and in a random position, where, when they reach the value specified by the design, we cause, by increasing the ambient temperature of the moulding mould, the vulcanisation of the composition solution to be completed and thus the randomly developed amorphous cavities are structurally stabilised in their final position. The desired result of the whole process is that after and final vulcanization the internal structure (18), should vary, in proportion to its participation in the mixture, the degree of mechanical compression of the composition material forming part or all of the mixture of the construction of the new damping mechanism (17). The also desired result of the whole process is that after and final vulcanization the hydrogen remaining within the internal structure (18) should be of negligible amount. This is achieved by exposing the vulcanization to an artificial vacuum. We have already extracted most of the trapped gas from the solution during the stepwise vulcanization (24), where we created a controlled vacuum within the container. The vacuum created, within the internal structure (18), by the escape of the hydrogen could not be filled by another molecule of the gases of the atmosphere composition that will now be exposed to the newdamping mechanism (17), because of the larger molecular volume that separates them. According to physics, the hydrogen molecule, having the smallest linear molecular mass, moves faster than the other structural molecules of the new damping mechanism (17), thus achieving its total separation from them. The total separation of the hydrogen combined with the porosity of the molecular structure of the composition results in the diffusion of the hydrogen into the surrounding atmosphere of the mould, where it can be mechanically collected and stored in order to be reused. The vacuum created, within the internal structure (18), by the escape of hydrogen alters the thermal induction of the vulcanisation. We are thus enabled to use the same manufacturing method to create the part defined as the pressure vessel insulating material (20).

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