Method and apparatus for performing monitoring of deactivated artificial intelligence and machine learning model or functionality

Abstract

Provided are a method and an apparatus for monitoring a deactivated artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) model or functionality. A terminal receives a first message including AI / ML model or functionality monitoring-related event information from a base station, and determines whether an AI / ML model or functionality monitoring event is satisfied on the basis of the received monitoring-related event information. Thereafter, if it is determined that the AI / ML model or functionality monitoring event is satisfied, the terminal transmits a request for activation of at least one of performance assessment or performance monitoring of a deactivated AI / ML model or functionality to the base station.

Description

Method and device for monitoring inactive artificial intelligence and machine learning models or functions

[0001] This specification relates to wireless communications applicable to 5G NR, 5G-Advanced and 6G.

[0002] As more and more communication devices demand ever-increasing communication traffic, the need for next-generation 5G systems, which offer enhanced wireless broadband communication capabilities over existing LTE systems, is growing. This next-generation 5G system, known as NewRAT, differentiates communication scenarios into Enhanced Mobile BroadBand (eMBB), Ultra-reliability and low-latency communication (URLLC), and Massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC).

[0003] Here, eMBB is a next-generation mobile communication scenario with characteristics such as High Spectrum Efficiency, High User Experienced Data Rate, and High Peak Data Rate; URLLC is a next-generation mobile communication scenario with characteristics such as Ultra Reliable, Ultra Low Latency, and Ultra High Availability (e.g., V2X, Emergency Service, and Remote Control); and mMTC is a next-generation mobile communication scenario with characteristics such as Low Cost, Low Energy, Short Packet, and Massive Connectivity (e.g., IoT).

[0004] An object of the present specification is to provide a method and device for efficiently evaluating / monitoring the performance of an applicable / configured model / functionality while the terminal performs communication using an AI / ML model or function for an arbitrary feature in a wireless communication system that performs communication using an AI / ML model or function by a terminal and a network (NW).

[0005] One embodiment of the present specification provides a method for providing a wireless communication system, wherein a terminal receives a first message from a base station including event information related to an artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) model or functionality monitoring, and determines whether an AI / ML model or functionality monitoring event is satisfied based on the received AI / ML model or functionality monitoring event information. Thereafter, if it is determined that the AI / ML model or functionality monitoring event is satisfied, a request for activating at least one of a performance assessment and a performance monitoring for a deactivated AI / ML model or functionality is transmitted to the base station.

[0006] In addition, one embodiment of the present specification provides a method for receiving, from a terminal, a request for activating at least one of performance assessment and performance monitoring for a deactivated AI / ML model or function based on the transmitted AI / ML model or function monitoring-related event information, wherein the base station transmits a first message to the terminal in a wireless communication system.

[0007] In addition, one embodiment of the present specification provides a terminal in a wireless communication system, comprising at least one processor, and at least one memory storing instructions and being operably electrically connected to the at least one processor, wherein the operations performed based on the instructions being executed by the at least one processor include: receiving a first message including AI / ML model or function monitoring-related event information from a base station, and determining whether an AI / ML model or function monitoring event is satisfied based on the received AI / ML model or function monitoring-related event information. Thereafter, if it is determined that the AI / ML model or function monitoring event is satisfied, transmitting a request for activating at least one of performance assessment and performance monitoring for a deactivated AI / ML model or function to the base station.

[0008] In addition, one embodiment of the present specification provides a base station for providing a wireless communication system, comprising at least one processor, and at least one memory storing instructions and being operably electrically connected to the at least one processor, wherein the operations performed based on the instructions being executed by the at least one processor include: transmitting a first message including event information related to AI / ML model or function monitoring to a terminal; and then receiving a request for activating at least one of performance assessment and performance monitoring for a deactivated AI / ML model or function based on the transmitted event information related to AI / ML model or function monitoring from the terminal.

[0009] In response to a request for activation of at least one of performance assessment and performance monitoring for the above-deactivated AI / ML model or function, the base station may transmit a second message to the terminal, and the terminal may receive the second message.

[0010] The above AI / ML model or function monitoring related event information may include at least one of threshold information, timer information, and hysteresis information.

[0011] The above first message may further include resource setting information related to AI / ML model or function monitoring.

[0012] Meanwhile, the terminal may perform at least one of performance assessment and performance monitoring for the inactive AI / ML model or function based on the received second message.

[0013] According to the disclosure of this specification, when a terminal utilizes one or more AI / ML models / functions, the terminal minimizes unnecessary monitoring / evaluation of deactivated models / functions by performing monitoring of deactivated models / functions at the appropriate time. This has the effect of improving the overall communication system performance by enabling the terminal to perform evaluation / monitoring of deactivated models / performance in a timely manner.

[0014] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating a wireless communication system.

[0015] Figure 2 illustrates the structure of a radio frame used in NR.

[0016] Figures 3a to 3c are exemplary diagrams showing exemplary architectures for wireless communication services.

[0017] Figure 4 illustrates the slot structure of an NR frame.

[0018] Figure 5 illustrates an example of subframe types in NR.

[0019] Figure 6 illustrates the structure of a self-contained slot.

[0020] Figures 7 and 8 illustrate operating methods of a terminal according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0021] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of performance evaluation / monitoring of a model / function using a timer and threshold according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0022] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of performance evaluation / monitoring of a model / function using a timer and threshold according to another embodiment of the present specification.

[0023] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of performance evaluation / monitoring of a model / function using hysteresis and threshold according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0024] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of performance evaluation / monitoring of a model / function using hysteresis, timers, and thresholds according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0025] Figure 13 illustrates a procedure of a terminal and a base station according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0026] Figure 14 illustrates a device according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0027] Fig. 15 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a terminal according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0028] Figure 16 shows a block diagram of a processor in which the disclosure of this specification is implemented.

[0029] Fig. 17 is a block diagram showing in detail the transmitter / receiver of the first device illustrated in Fig. 14 or the transmitter / receiver unit of the device illustrated in Fig. 15.

[0030] It should be noted that the technical terms used in this specification are used merely to describe specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the contents of this specification. In addition, unless specifically defined otherwise herein, the technical terms used in this specification should be interpreted as having a meaning generally understood by those skilled in the art to which this specification pertains, and should not be interpreted in an excessively broad or narrow sense. In addition, if a technical term used in this specification is an incorrect technical term that does not accurately express the contents and ideas of this specification, it should be replaced with a technical term that can be correctly understood by a person skilled in the art. In addition, general terms used in this specification should be interpreted according to their dictionary definitions or according to the preceding and following context, and should not be interpreted in an excessively narrow sense.

[0031] Additionally, the singular expressions used herein include plural expressions unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In this application, terms such as "consist of" or "have" should not be construed to necessarily include all of the components or steps described in the specification, and should be construed to mean that some of the components or steps may not be included, or that additional components or steps may be included.

[0032] Additionally, terms including ordinal numbers, such as "first" and "second," used herein may be used to describe various components, but these components should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used solely to distinguish one component from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the present invention, a first component could be referred to as a second component, and similarly, a second component could also be referred to as a first component.

[0033] When a component is referred to as being connected or connected to another component, it may be directly connected or connected to that other component, but there may also be other components intervening. Conversely, when a component is referred to as being directly connected or connected to another component, it should be understood that there are no other components intervening.

[0034] Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. Regardless of the drawing reference numerals, identical or similar components will be given the same reference numerals, and redundant descriptions thereof will be omitted. In addition, when describing the contents of this specification, if a detailed description of a related known technology is judged to obscure the gist of this specification, the detailed description thereof will be omitted. In addition, it should be noted that the attached drawings are only intended to make the contents and ideas of this specification easily understandable, and should not be construed as limiting the contents and ideas of this specification by the attached drawings. The contents and ideas of this specification should be construed to extend to all changes, equivalents, and substitutes other than the attached drawings.

[0035] In this specification, “A or B” can mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” In other words, “A or B” in this specification can be interpreted as “A and / or B.” For example, “A, B or C” in this specification can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B, and C.”

[0036] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma can mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C."

[0037] In this specification, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Additionally, in this specification, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” may be interpreted identically to “at least one of A and B.”

[0038] Additionally, in this specification, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0039] Additionally, parentheses used in this specification may mean “for example.” Specifically, when “control information (PDCCH)” is indicated, “PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel)” may be suggested as an example of “control information.” In other words, “control information” in this specification is not limited to “PDCCH,” and “PDDCH” may be suggested as an example of “control information.” Furthermore, even when indicated as “control information (i.e., PDCCH),” “PDCCH” may be suggested as an example of “control information.”

[0040] Technical features individually described in a single drawing in this specification may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0041] Although the attached drawing illustrates a UE (User Equipment) as an example, the illustrated UE may also be referred to as a terminal, ME (Mobile Equipment), etc. In addition, the UE may be a portable device such as a laptop, mobile phone, PDA, smart phone, multimedia device, etc., or a non-portable device such as a PC or vehicle-mounted device.

[0042] Hereinafter, the term "UE" is used as an example of a device capable of wireless communication (e.g., a wireless communication device, a wireless device, or a wireless device). The operations performed by the UE can be performed by any device capable of wireless communication. A device capable of wireless communication may also be referred to as a wireless communication device, a wireless device, or a wireless device.

[0043] The term base station used below generally refers to a fixed station that communicates with wireless devices, and can be used as a comprehensive term that includes eNodeB (evolved-NodeB), eNB (evolved-NodeB), BTS (Base Transceiver System), Access Point, gNB (Next generation NodeB), RRH (remote radio head), TP (transmission point), RP (reception point), relay, etc.

[0044] Although this specification describes embodiments using LTE systems, LTE-A systems, and NR systems, these embodiments may be applied to any communication system falling within the above definitions.

[0045] Wireless Communication System

[0046] Building on the success of LTE (long term evolution) / LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) for 4th generation mobile communications, commercialization of the next generation, or 5th generation (so-called 5G) mobile communications, and follow-up research are also ongoing.

[0047] The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) defines 5G mobile communications as providing data transfer speeds of up to 20 Gbps and a perceived transmission speed of at least 100 Mbps everywhere. Its official name is "IMT-2020."

[0048] ITU proposes three usage scenarios: eMBB (enhanced Mobile BroadBand), mMTC (massive Machine Type Communication), and URLLC (Ultra Reliable and Low Latency Communications).

[0049] URLLC addresses usage scenarios that require high reliability and low latency. For example, services such as autonomous driving, factory automation, and augmented reality require high reliability and low latency (e.g., sub-1ms). Current 4G (LTE) latency is statistically 21-43ms (best 10%) and 33-75ms (median). This is insufficient to support services requiring sub-1ms latency. Next, eMBB usage scenarios address usage scenarios that require mobile ultra-wideband.

[0050] In other words, the 5th generation mobile communication system can support higher capacity than the current 4G LTE, increase the density of mobile broadband users, and support D2D (Device to Device), high reliability, and MTC (Machine-type communication). 5G research and development also aims for lower latency and lower battery consumption than 4G mobile communication systems to better implement the Internet of Things. For this 5G mobile communication, a new radio access technology (New RAT or NR) may be proposed.

[0051] The NR frequency band can be defined by two types of frequency ranges (FR1, FR2). The numerical values ​​of the frequency ranges can be changed, and for example, the two types of frequency ranges (FR1, FR2) can be as shown in Table 1 below. For convenience of explanation, among the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 can mean the “sub 6 GHz range”, and FR2 can mean the “above 6 GHz range” and can be called millimeter wave (mmW).

[0052] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier SpacingFR1410MHz - 7125MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0053] The numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system can be changed. For example, FR1 can include a band from 410 MHz to 7125 MHz, as shown in Table 1. That is, FR1 can include frequency bands above 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.). For example, the frequency bands above 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) included within FR1 can include unlicensed bands. Unlicensed bands can be used for various purposes, such as for communications for vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0054] Meanwhile, 3GPP-based communication standards define downlink physical channels corresponding to resource elements that carry information originating from upper layers, and downlink physical signals corresponding to resource elements that are used by the physical layer but do not carry information originating from upper layers. For example, the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), physical broadcast channel (PBCH), physical multicast channel (PMCH), physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH), physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), and physical hybrid ARQ indicator channel (PHICH) are defined as downlink physical channels, and reference signals and synchronization signals are defined as downlink physical signals. A reference signal (RS), also referred to as a pilot, is a signal with a special predefined waveform known to the gNB and the UE. For example, cell specific RS, UE-specific RS (UE-RS), positioning RS (PRS), and channel state information RS (CSI-RS) are defined as downlink reference signals. The 3GPP LTE / LTE-A standard defines uplink physical channels corresponding to resource elements carrying information originating from higher layers, and uplink physical signals corresponding to resource elements used by the physical layer but not carrying information originating from higher layers.For example, a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), and a physical random access channel (PRACH) are defined as uplink physical channels, and a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for uplink control / data signals and a sounding reference signal (SRS) used for uplink channel measurement are defined.

[0055] In this specification, PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control CHannel) / PCFICH (Physical Control Format Indicator CHannel) / PHICH ((Physical Hybrid automatic retransmit request Indicator CHannel) / PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared CHannel) mean a set of time-frequency resources or a set of resource elements that carry DCI (Downlink Control Information) / CFI (Control Format Indicator) / downlink ACK / NACK (ACKnowlegement / Negative ACK) / downlink data, respectively. In addition, PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control CHannel) / PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared CHannel) / PRACH (Physical Random Access CHannel) mean a set of time-frequency resources or a set of resource elements that carry UCI (Uplink Control Information) / uplink data / random access signals, respectively.

[0056] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating a wireless communication system.

[0057] As can be seen from FIG. 1, the wireless communication system includes at least one base station (BS). The BS is divided into a gNodeB (or gNB) (20a) and an eNodeB (or eNB) (20b). The gNB (20a) supports 5th generation mobile communications. The eNB (20b) supports 4th generation mobile communications, i.e., long term evolution (LTE).

[0058] Each base station (20a and 20b) provides communication services for a specific geographic area (commonly referred to as a cell) (20-1, 20-2, 20-3). The cell may be further divided into multiple areas (referred to as sectors).

[0059] A UE (user equipment) typically belongs to a single cell, and the cell to which the UE belongs is called a serving cell. The base station that provides communication services for the serving cell is called a serving base station (BS). Since the wireless communication system is a cellular system, there are other cells adjacent to the serving cell. These other cells adjacent to the serving cell are called neighbor cells. The base station that provides communication services to the neighbor cell is called a neighbor BS. The serving cell and neighbor cells are determined relative to the UE.

[0060] Hereinafter, downlink refers to communication from a base station (20) to a UE (10), and uplink refers to communication from a UE (10) to a base station (20). In downlink, the transmitter may be part of the base station (20), and the receiver may be part of the UE (10). In uplink, the transmitter may be part of the UE (10), and the receiver may be part of the base station (20).

[0061] Meanwhile, wireless communication systems can be broadly divided into frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). In FDD, uplink and downlink transmissions occupy different frequency bands and occur at different times. In TDD, uplink and downlink transmissions occupy the same frequency band but occur at different times. The channel response in TDD is essentially reciprocal, meaning that the downlink and uplink channel responses are nearly identical in a given frequency range. Therefore, in TDD-based wireless communication systems, the downlink channel response can be derived from the uplink channel response. In TDD, uplink and downlink transmissions are time-divided across the entire frequency band, so downlink transmission by the base station and uplink transmission by the UE cannot be performed simultaneously. In TDD systems, where uplink and downlink transmissions are divided into subframes, uplink and downlink transmissions are performed in different subframes.

[0062] Figure 2 illustrates the structure of a radio frame used in NR.

[0063] In NR, uplink and downlink transmissions are structured as frames. A radio frame is 10ms long and is defined by two 5ms half-frames (HF). Each half-frame is defined by five 1ms subframes (SF). A subframe is divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots in a subframe depends on the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slot contains 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols, depending on the cyclic prefix (CP). When a normal CP is used, each slot contains 14 symbols. When an extended CP is used, each slot contains 12 symbols. Here, the symbols may include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM symbols).

[0064] Support for various numerologies

[0065] In NR systems, multiple numerologies may be provided to terminals as wireless communication technologies advance. For example, an SCS of 15 kHz supports a wide area in traditional cellular bands. An SCS of 30 kHz / 60 kHz supports dense urban environments, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth. An SCS of 60 kHz or higher supports a bandwidth greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0066] The above numerology can be defined by the cycle prefix (CP) length and subcarrier spacing (SCS). A single cell can provide multiple numerologies to a terminal. When the numerology index is represented by μ, each subcarrier spacing and the corresponding CP length can be as shown in the table below.

[0067] μ△f=2 μ 15 [kHz]CP015 General 130 General 260 General, Extended 3120 General 4240 General 5480 General 6960 General

[0068] For general CP, when the index of the numerology is represented by μ, the number of OFDM symbols per slot (N slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,μ slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,μ slot ) is as shown in the table below.

[0069] μ△f=2 μ 15 [kHz]N slot symb N frame,μ slot N subframe,μ slot 015141011301420226014404312014808424014160165480143203269601464064

[0070] For extended CP, when the index of the numerology is represented by μ, the number of OFDM symbols per slot (N slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,μ slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,μ slot ) is as shown in the table below.

[0071] μSCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,μ slot N subframe,μslot 260KHz (u=2)12404

[0072] In an NR system, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be set differently between multiple cells that are merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of a time resource (e.g., SF, slot, or TTI) (conveniently referred to as TU (Time Unit)) consisting of the same number of symbols may be set differently between the merged cells.

[0073] Figures 3a to 3c are exemplary diagrams showing exemplary architectures for wireless communication services.

[0074] Referring to FIG. 3a, the UE is connected to an LTE / LTE-A-based cell and an NR-based cell in a DC (dual connectivity) manner.

[0075] The above NR-based cell is connected to the core network for existing 4th generation mobile communication, i.e. Evolved Packet Core (EPC).

[0076] Referring to FIG. 3b, unlike FIG. 3a, the LTE / LTE-A-based cell is connected to a core network for 5th generation mobile communication, i.e., a 5G core network.

[0077] A service method based on an architecture as illustrated in Figures 3a and 3b above is called NSA (non-standalone).

[0078] Referring to Figure 3c, the UE is connected only to NR-based cells. A service method based on this architecture is called SA (standalone).

[0079] Meanwhile, in the above NR, it may be considered that reception from the base station utilizes a downlink subframe, and transmission to the base station utilizes an uplink subframe. This method can be applied to paired and unpaired spectrums. A pair of spectrums means that two carrier spectrums are included for downlink and uplink operations. For example, in a pair of spectrums, one carrier may include a downlink band and an uplink band that are paired with each other.

[0080] Figure 4 illustrates the slot structure of an NR frame.

[0081] A slot contains multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of a normal CP, one slot contains 14 symbols, but in the case of an extended CP, one slot contains 12 symbols. A carrier contains multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. An RB (Resource Block) is defined as multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A BWP (Bandwidth Part) is defined as multiple consecutive (physical, P)RBs in the frequency domain, and can correspond to a single numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A terminal can be configured with up to N (e.g., 4) BWPs in the downlink and uplink, respectively. Downlink or uplink transmission is performed through an activated BWP, and at a given time, only one BWP among the BWPs configured for the terminal can be activated. In the resource grid, each element is referred to as a Resource Element (RE), to which one complex symbol can be mapped.

[0082] Figure 5 illustrates an example of subframe types in NR.

[0083] The transmission time interval (TTI) illustrated in FIG. 5 may be referred to as a subframe or slot for NR (or new RAT). The subframe (or slot) of FIG. 5 may be used in a TDD system of NR (or new RAT) to minimize data transmission delay. As illustrated in FIG. 5, a subframe (or slot) includes 14 symbols. The symbols in the front of the subframe (or slot) may be used for a downlink (DL) control channel, and the symbols in the back of the subframe (or slot) may be used for an uplink (UL) control channel. The remaining symbols may be used for DL ​​data transmission or UL data transmission. According to this subframe (or slot) structure, downlink transmission and uplink transmission may be sequentially performed in one subframe (or slot). Therefore, downlink data may be received within a subframe (or slot), and an uplink acknowledgment (ACK / NACK) may be transmitted within the subframe (or slot).

[0084] The structure of these subframes (or slots) can be called self-contained subframes (or slots).

[0085] Specifically, the first N symbols in a slot are used to transmit a DL control channel (hereinafter, DL control region), and the last M symbols in the slot can be used to transmit a UL control channel (hereinafter, UL control region). N and M are each integers greater than or equal to 0. A resource region (hereinafter, data region) between the DL control region and the UL control region can be used for DL ​​data transmission or UL data transmission. For example, a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) can be transmitted in the DL control region, and a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) can be transmitted in the DL data region. A physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) can be transmitted in the UL control region, and a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) can be transmitted in the UL data region.

[0086] Using this subframe (or slot) structure has the advantage of minimizing the final data transmission latency by reducing the time required to retransmit data that has experienced reception errors. In this self-contained subframe (or slot) structure, a time gap may be required during the transition from transmit mode to receive mode or from receive mode to transmit mode. To this end, some OFDM symbols during the transition from DL to UL in the subframe structure can be designated as a guard period (GP).

[0087] Figure 6 illustrates the structure of a self-contained slot.

[0088] In an NR system, a frame is characterized by a self-contained structure in which a DL control channel, DL or UL data, and a UL control channel can all be included within a single slot. For example, the first N symbols within a slot can be used to transmit a DL control channel (hereinafter, referred to as a DL control region), and the last M symbols within a slot can be used to transmit a UL control channel (hereinafter, referred to as a UL control region). N and M are each integers greater than or equal to 0. The resource region (hereinafter, referred to as a data region) between the DL control region and the UL control region can be used for DL ​​data transmission or UL data transmission. As an example, the following configuration can be considered. Each section is listed in chronological order.

[0089] 1. DL only configuration

[0090] 2. UL only configuration

[0091] 3. Mixed UL-DL configuration

[0092] - DL area + GP (Guard Period) + UL control area

[0093] - DL control area + GP + UL area

[0094] DL area: (i) DL data area, (ii) DL control area + DL data area

[0095] UL domain: (i) UL data domain, (ii) UL data domain + UL control domain

[0096] In the DL control region, a PDCCH can be transmitted, and in the DL data region, a PDSCH can be transmitted. In the UL control region, a PUCCH can be transmitted, and in the UL data region, a PUSCH can be transmitted. In the PDCCH, downlink control information (DCI), for example, DL data scheduling information, UL data scheduling information, etc., can be transmitted. In the PUCCH, uplink control information (UCI), for example, ACK / NACK (Positive Acknowledgement / Negative Acknowledgement) information for DL ​​data, CSI (Channel State Information) information, SR (Scheduling Request), etc., can be transmitted. GP provides a time gap when a base station and a terminal switch from transmission mode to reception mode or when switching from reception mode to transmission mode. Some symbols at the time of switching from DL to UL within a subframe can be set as GP.

[0097] <Artificial Intelligence (AI) / Machine Learning (ML)>

[0098] Currently, 3GPP is conducting research to improve the performance of wireless communication systems by applying AI / ML, starting with Release 18. Specifically, the following aspects are being studied regarding the life cycle management (LCM) of AI / ML models.

[0099] - Data collection

[0100] - Model training

[0101] - Functionality / model identification

[0102] - Model delivery / transfer

[0103] - Model inference operation

[0104] - Functionality / model selection, activation, deactivation, switching, and fallback operations.

[0105] - Functionality / model monitoring

[0106] - Model update

[0107] - UE capability

[0108] Meanwhile, the list of terms applied to AI / ML is discussed as shown in Table 5 below.

[0109] Terminology Description Data collection A process of collecting data by the network nodes, management entity, or UE for the purpose of AI / ML model training, data analytics and inference AI / ML Model A data driven algorithm that applies AI / ML techniques to generate a set of outputs based on a set of inputs.)AI / ML model trainingA process to train an AI / ML Model [by learning the input / output relationship] in a data driven manner and obtain the trained AI / ML Model for inference. AI / ML model inferenceA process of using a trained AI / ML model to produce a set of outputs based on a set of inputs. AI / ML model validationA subprocess of training to evaluate the quality of an AI / ML model using a dataset different from the one used for model training, that helps selecting model parameters that generalize beyond the dataset used for model training. AI / ML model testing Testing is a sub-process of training that evaluates the performance of the final AI / ML model using a dataset different from that used for model training and validation. Unlike AI / ML model validation, testing does not assume subsequent adjustments to the model.(A subprocess of training, to evaluate the performance of a final AI / ML model using a dataset different from one used for model training and validation. Differently from AI / ML model validation, testing does not assume subsequent tuning of the model.)UE-side (AI / ML) modelAn AI / ML Model whose inference is performed entirely at the UENetwork-side (AI / ML) modelAn AI / ML Model whose inference is performed entirely at the networkOne-sided (AI / ML) modelA UE-side (AI / ML) model or a Network-side (AI / ML) modelTwo-sided (AI / ML) modelA pair of AI / ML model(s) on which joint inference is performed. Here, joint inference is AI / ML inference where inference is performed jointly across the UE and the network, i.e., the first part of the inference is performed first by the UE and the remaining part by the gNB, or vice versa.(A paired AI / ML Model(s) over which joint inference is performed, where joint inference comprises AI / ML Inference whose inference is performed jointly across the UE and the network, i.e., the first part of inference is firstly performed by the UE and then the remaining part is performed by gNB, or vice versa.)AI / ML model transferTransfer of an AI / ML model over a wireless interface with parameters of a model structure known to the receiving end or a new model having parameters. Delivery of an AI / ML model over the air interface, either parameters of a model structure known at the receiving end or a new model with parameters. Delivery may contain a full model or a partial model. Model download: Model transfer from the network to UE. Model upload: Model transfer from UE to the network. Federated learning / federated training: A machine learning technique for training an AI / ML model on multiple distributed edge nodes (e.g., UEs, gNBs), each performing local model training using local data samples. This technique requires multiple interactions of the model but does not require the exchange of local data samples.(A machine learning technique that trains an AI / ML model across multiple decentralized edge nodes (e.g., UEs, gNBs) each performing local model training using local data samples. The technique requires multiple interactions of the model, but no exchange of local data samples.) Offline field data: The data collected from the field and used for offline training of the AI / ML model. Online field data: The data collected from the field and used for online training of the AI / ML model. Model monitoring: A procedure that monitors the inference performance of the AI / ML model. Supervised learning: A process of training a model from input and its corresponding labels. Unsupervised learning: A process of training a model without labeled data.)Semi-supervised learning: A process of training a model with a mix of labeled and unlabeled data. Reinforcement Learning (RL): A process of training an AI / ML model from input (aka state) and a feedback signal (aka reward) resulting from the model's output (aka action) in an environment the model is interacting with.. Model activation: Enable an AI / ML model for a specific function. Model deactivation: Disable an AI / ML model for a specific function. Model switching: Deactivating a currently active AI / ML model and activating another AI / ML model for a specific function. a different AI / ML model for a specific function.

[0110] Currently, 3GPP is considering the following two methods as a way for base stations to manage models in terminals.

[0111] - Functionality-based LCM

[0112] - Model-based LCM

[0113] Here, feature-based LCM means that the AI / ML model of the terminal is not recognized by the base station, but the terminal performs model-based LCM. This means that the base station performs LCM of the terminal based on functionality rather than AI / ML models, but there may actually be one or more AI / ML models mapped to a single functionality. Switching between models belonging to the same functionality may occur internally depending on the terminal implementation. However, unlike this, model-based LCM means that the base station and the terminal recognize each other and perform LCM based on AI / ML models. Accordingly, the base station and the terminal need to share a model recognizer to use the appropriate model.

[0114] The base station can identify the AI / ML model / function of a terminal through a functionality / model identification procedure. Through the identification procedure, the terminal can identify one or more models / functions for any feature, and by activating one of these functions / models, it can perform communication through AI / ML model inference. If the terminal has more than one function / model for a specific feature / sub-use case, the terminal is considering model switching as a means of achieving good performance across various scenarios / configurations / sites. However, there is currently no concrete discussion on how to efficiently switch models / functions. Before transitioning to a new model / function, a terminal requires performance evaluation / monitoring of inactive models / functionality. However, frequent evaluation / monitoring of inactive models / functionality can place a significant burden on the terminal. Therefore, evaluation / monitoring of inactive models / functionality must be performed in a timely manner. To this end, this specification proposes a method for efficiently performing performance evaluation / monitoring of inactive models / functionality.

[0115] Below, a method for a terminal performing AI / ML model inference using an arbitrary model to monitor inactive models / functions is specifically described.

[0116] Figures 7 and 8 illustrate operating methods of a terminal according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0117] Fig. 7 illustrates an operation method of a terminal that performs monitoring / evaluation start for a deactivated model / function, and Fig. 8 illustrates an operation method of a terminal that performs monitoring / evaluation stop for a deactivated model / function.

[0118] Referring to FIGS. 7 and 8, a terminal performing communication using an AI / ML model for a specific feature receives a configuration message including a performance evaluation threshold for an active model / functionality as an event for starting / stopping monitoring / evaluation of an inactive model / functionality of the terminal from a base station (S701, S801). The received threshold is a threshold that refers to a performance evaluation value for the active model / functionality of the terminal, and when a performance metric result value (e.g., inference accuracy, system performance, data distribution) for the active model / functionality of the terminal falls below the threshold received from the base station (event 1), monitoring / evaluation of the inactive model / functionality is triggered (S702). When monitoring / evaluation of an inactive model / functionality is triggered, the terminal can transmit a signal indicating this to the base station, and thereafter, the terminal performs evaluation / monitoring of both the active and inactive models / functionality (S703). It is preferable that this event, i.e., Event 1, be applied when monitoring only the active functionality / model of the terminal.

[0119] Meanwhile, if the performance metric result value for the active model / functionality of the terminal improves above the threshold value received from the base station (event 2), the monitoring / evaluation for the inactive model / functionality is stopped (S802). When the monitoring / evaluation for the inactive model / functionality is stopped, the terminal can transmit a signaling indicating this to the base station, and only the evaluation / monitoring for the active model / functionality is performed (S803). It is preferable that the event, i.e., event 2, be applied when both the active and inactive functionality(es) / model(s) of the terminal are monitored.

[0120] Meanwhile, in order to prevent frequent occurrence of events for evaluation / monitoring of the inactive model / function when the performance value of the activated model temporarily falls below or rises above the threshold (when the performance value frequently fluctuates around the threshold), a timer and / or hysteresis value can be defined to be used together.

[0121] Below, we describe a method for applying a timer.

[0122] The terminal may also receive a timer associated with the threshold described above from the base station. The timer is (re)started when the performance result for the active model / functionality falls below the threshold or rises above the threshold (i.e., when events 1 and 2 are satisfied). If the timer expires while only monitoring / evaluation for the active model / functionality is performed (i.e., when the timer is started by event 1), monitoring / evaluation for the inactive model / functionality is triggered. If the timer expires while both the active and inactive models / functionality are monitored / evaluated (i.e., when the timer is started by event 2), monitoring / evaluation for the inactive model / functionality is stopped and monitoring for only the active model / functionality is continued. When the timer is running, if the performance result for the active model / functionality is measured / calculated higher or lower than the threshold, the timer is stopped.

[0123] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of performance evaluation / monitoring of a model / function using a timer and threshold according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0124] Figure 9 illustrates an example of evaluating / monitoring a deactivated model / function using the threshold and timer described above. Referring to Figure 9, if the performance value of the activated model falls below the threshold, a timer is started. If the performance value of the activated model remains below the threshold until the timer expires (when the timer expires), the evaluation of the deactivated model / function is activated / triggered. Thereafter, if the performance value of the activated model rises above the threshold again, a timer is started, and if the performance value of the activated model remains above the threshold until the timer expires (when the timer expires), the evaluation of the deactivated model / function is deactivated / stopped.

[0125] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of performance evaluation / monitoring of a model / function using a timer and threshold according to another embodiment of the present specification.

[0126] Referring to Figure 10, if the performance value of the activated model temporarily falls below the threshold, performance evaluation / monitoring of the deactivated model is not performed. That is, when the timer is running and only performance evaluation of the activated model is being performed, if the performance value of the activated model rises above the threshold again, the terminal stops the timer.

[0127] Conversely, while the performance evaluation / monitoring of the activated and deactivated models is being performed, if the performance value for the activated model / function rises above a threshold and a timer is started, and if the performance value for the activated model falls below the threshold again while the timer is running, the terminal stops the timer.

[0128] Below, a method for applying hysteresis is described.

[0129] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of performance evaluation / monitoring of a model / function using hysteresis and threshold according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0130] Referring to FIG. 11, if the performance value of the activated model / function falls below "threshold-hysteresis" (event 1), the terminal starts (activates / triggers) monitoring / evaluation of the deactivated function / model. In addition, the terminal performing evaluation / monitoring of the deactivated function / model stops (deactivates / stops) monitoring / evaluation of the deactivated function / model if the performance value of the activated model / function rises above "threshold+hysteresis" (event 2).

[0131] Alternatively, hysteresis and timer can be defined to be applied simultaneously.

[0132] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of performance evaluation / monitoring of a model / function using hysteresis, timers, and thresholds according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0133] Referring to Figure 12, the previously described timer is defined to start at a value that applies "threshold-hysteresis" or "threshold+hysteresis." When the timer expires, the corresponding monitoring / evaluation is triggered.

[0134] A configuration message including a performance evaluation threshold and timer for the aforementioned active model / functionality can be transmitted from the base station to the terminal via an RRC (radio resource control) configuration message related to evaluation / monitoring of the model / functionality. This is a message that sets a trigger condition for the terminal performing inference using the active model / functionality to start monitoring / evaluation of the inactive model / functionality. This means that when the monitoring / evaluation of the inactive model / functionality starts, evaluation of the inactive model / functionality is additionally performed in addition to the active model / functionality of the terminal. Here, the inactive model / functionality can mean a deactivated model / functionality among the applicable model / functionality of the terminal or the models / functionalities belonging to the configured / identified model / functionality.

[0135] The events for evaluation / monitoring of the deactivation model / function proposed in this specification can be defined as two events according to the performance value of the activation model / function as follows.

[0136] - Event 1: When the performance value of the activated model / function falls below threshold 1.

[0137] - Event 2: When the performance value of the activated model / function exceeds threshold2.

[0138] Threshold1 and threshold2 defined in the above two events may be set to the same or different values, and it is preferable that event 1 be applied to a terminal performing monitoring only for an activated model / function, and event 2 be applied to a terminal performing monitoring for both an activated / deactivated model / function.

[0139] For the above two events, hysteresis and / or timers described above may be additionally set.

[0140] Figure 13 illustrates a procedure of a terminal and a base station according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0141] Hereinafter, terminal operation is described in detail with reference to FIG. 13.

[0142] The terminal receives an AI / ML evaluation / monitoring-related configuration message from the base station (S1301). The AI / ML evaluation / monitoring-related configuration message received by the terminal may include at least one of the following information.

[0143] - Event information related to AI / ML model (or function) monitoring. Here, the event information may include i) Threshold1 for event 1 information, ii) Threshold2 for event 2 information, and / or iii) Hysteresis / timer for events 1 / 2 information.

[0144] Resource configuration information for AI / ML model (or function) monitoring. For example, this may be channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) / positioning reference signal (PRS) resource configuration information.

[0145] The terminal receives AI / ML model (or function)-related information from the base station (S1302). The AI / ML model (or function)-related information received by the terminal may include at least one of the following information.

[0146] - Information on configured / applicable AI / ML model(s)(or functionality(es)). For example, information on models 2, 3, and 4.

[0147] - Information about the active AI / ML model (or functionality). For example, information about Model 3.

[0148] - Information about inactive AI / ML models (or functionality). For example, information about models 2 and 4.

[0149] The terminal performs communication through inference using an activation model (or function) (e.g., model 3) (S1303), and also performs performance monitoring (or evaluation) for the activation model (or function) (S1304).

[0150] If Event 1 is satisfied, that is, if the "performance result value - hysteresis" for the terminal's activated model (or function) is less than threshold 1, a timer is started. If the "performance result value - hysteresis" exceeds threshold 1 while the timer is running, the timer is stopped. If the timer expires, the terminal triggers the start of performance evaluation / monitoring for the inactive model(s) (or functionality(es)) by Event 1, and transmits a signaling requesting (or instructing) the base station to activate the setting for monitoring (or evaluating) the inactive model(s) (or functionality) (S1305). Here, the signaling (or message) requesting (or instructing) the base station to activate the setting for monitoring (or evaluating) the inactive model(s) (or functionality) may include performance result value information for the activated model(s) (or functionality) of the terminal.

[0151] Thereafter, the terminal receives a response message from the base station for the activation request (or instruction) of the transmitted deactivated model (or function) monitoring (or evaluation) (S1306). The response message from the base station may be, i) an RRC message including configuration information related to the activation request (or instruction) of the deactivated model (or function) monitoring, or ii) a response message (e.g., a UL grant message indicating a HARQ (hybrid automatic repeat request) ACK / NACK (acknowledgment / negative-acknowledgment)) indicating successful reception of the activation request (or instruction) message.

[0152] Thereafter, the terminal performs performance evaluation / monitoring for both the activated model (or function) and the deactivated model (or function) (S1307). If event 2 is satisfied, that is, if the "performance result value + hysteresis" for the activated model of the terminal is greater than threshold 2, a timer is started. If the "performance result value + hysteresis" falls below threshold 2 while the timer is running, the timer is stopped. If the timer expires, the terminal triggers the stop of performance evaluation / monitoring for the inactive model(s) (or functionality(es)) by Event 2, and transmits a signaling requesting (or instructing) the base station to deactivate the setting for monitoring (or evaluating) the inactive model(s) (or functionality) (S1308). Here, the signaling (or message) requesting (or instructing) the base station to deactivate the setting for monitoring (or evaluating) the inactive model(s) (or functionality) may include performance result value information for the active model(s) (or functionality) of the terminal.

[0153] Thereafter, the terminal can receive a response message from the base station for the transmitted deactivation request (or instruction) for deactivation of the deactivation model (or function) monitoring (or evaluation). The response message from the base station can be i) an RRC message including configuration information related to the deactivation request (or instruction) for deactivation of the deactivation model (or function) monitoring, or ii) a response message (e.g., a UL grant message indicating HARQ ACK / NACK) indicating successful reception of the deactivation request (or instruction) message.

[0154] Afterwards, the terminal performs performance evaluation / monitoring for the activated model (or function) (S1309).

[0155] Hereinafter, the operation of the base station is described in detail with reference to FIG. 13.

[0156] The base station transmits an AI / ML evaluation / monitoring-related configuration message to the terminal (S1301). The AI / ML evaluation / monitoring-related configuration message transmitted by the base station may include at least one of the following information.

[0157] - Event information related to AI / ML model (or function) monitoring. Here, the event information may include i) Threshold1 for event 1 information, ii) Threshold2 for event 2 information, and / or iii) Hysteresis / timer for events 1 / 2 information.

[0158] Resource configuration information for AI / ML model (or function) monitoring. For example, this may be channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) / positioning reference signal (PRS) resource configuration information.

[0159] The base station transmits AI / ML model (or function)-related information to the terminal (S1302). The AI / ML model (or function)-related information transmitted by the base station may include at least one of the following information.

[0160] - Information on configured / applicable AI / ML model(s)(or functionality(es)). For example, information on models 2, 3, and 4.

[0161] - Information about the active AI / ML model (or functionality). For example, information about Model 3.

[0162] - Information about inactive AI / ML models (or functionality). For example, information about models 2 and 4.

[0163] The base station performs communication using the inference result of the terminal's activation model (or function) (e.g., model 3) (S1303), and also activates resource settings for performance evaluation / monitoring of the terminal's activation model (or function) (S1304).

[0164] The base station receives a signal from the terminal requesting (or instructing) to activate the setting for monitoring (or evaluating) the inactive model (or functionality) (S1305). Here, the signaling (or message) received from the terminal requesting (or instructing) to activate the setting for monitoring (or evaluating) the inactive model (or functionality) may include performance result value information for the activated model (or functionality) of the terminal.

[0165] When a signaling (or message) requesting (or instructing) activation of a setting for monitoring (or evaluating) an inactive model (or functionality) of a terminal is received from the base station, the base station activates / configures resource settings for performance evaluation (or monitoring) of the inactive model(s) (or functionality(es)) of the terminal. That is, a reference signal is transmitted to the terminal using the related configured resources. Thereafter, the base station transmits a response message to the terminal for the received request (or instruction) for activation of the inactive model (or functionality) monitoring (or evaluation) (S1306). The response message from the base station is either i) an RRC message including configuration information related to the request (or instruction) for activation of the inactive model (or functionality) monitoring, or ii) a response (e.g., a UL signal indicating a successful reception of the activation request (or instruction) message (e.g., a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) ACK / NACK (acknowledgment / negative-acknowledgment). It could be a grant message.

[0166] The base station receives a signal from the terminal requesting (or instructing) to deactivate the setting for monitoring (or evaluating) the inactive model (or functionality) (S1308). Here, the signaling (or message) received from the terminal requesting (or instructing) to deactivate the setting for monitoring (or evaluating) the inactive model (or functionality) may include performance result value information for the active model (or functionality) of the terminal.

[0167] When a signaling (or message) requesting (or instructing) activation of a configuration for monitoring (or evaluating) an inactive model (or functionality) from a terminal is received, the base station deactivates / releases resource configuration for performance evaluation (or monitoring) of the inactive model(s) (or functionality(es)) of the terminal. That is, transmission of a reference signal using the related configured resources is stopped. Thereafter, the base station can transmit a response message to the terminal regarding the received request (or instruction) for deactivating the inactive model (or functionality) monitoring (or evaluation). The response message from the base station can be i) an RRC message including configuration information related to the request (or instruction) for deactivating the inactive model (or functionality) monitoring, or ii) a response (e.g., a UL grant message indicating HARQ ACK / NACK) message indicating successful reception of the deactivation request (or instruction) message.

[0168] Afterwards, the base station only activates resource settings for performance evaluation / monitoring of the terminal's activation model (or function).

[0169] Figure 14 illustrates a device according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0170] Referring to FIG. 14, the wireless communication system may include a first device (100a) and a second device (100b).

[0171] The first device (100a) may be a base station, a network node, a transmitting terminal, a receiving terminal, a wireless device, a wireless communication device, a vehicle, a vehicle equipped with an autonomous driving function, a connected car, a drone (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, UAV), an AI (Artificial Intelligence) module, a robot, an AR (Augmented Reality) device, a VR (Virtual Reality) device, an MR (Mixed Reality) device, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate / environmental device, a device related to 5G services, or any other device related to the 4th industrial revolution field.

[0172] The second device (100b) may be a base station, a network node, a transmitting terminal, a receiving terminal, a wireless device, a wireless communication device, a vehicle, a vehicle equipped with an autonomous driving function, a connected car, a drone (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, UAV), an AI (Artificial Intelligence) module, a robot, an AR (Augmented Reality) device, a VR (Virtual Reality) device, an MR (Mixed Reality) device, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate / environmental device, a device related to 5G services, or any other device related to the 4th industrial revolution field.

[0173] The first device (100a) may include at least one processor, such as a processor (1020a), at least one memory, such as a memory (1010a), and at least one transceiver, such as a transceiver (1031a). The processor (1020a) may perform the functions, procedures, and / or methods described above. The processor (1020a) may perform one or more protocols. For example, the processor (1020a) may perform one or more layers of a wireless interface protocol. The memory (1010a) may be connected to the processor (1020a) and may store various types of information and / or commands. The transceiver (1031a) may be connected to the processor (1020a) and may be controlled to transmit and receive wireless signals.

[0174] The second device (100b) may include at least one processor, such as a processor (1020b), at least one memory device, such as a memory (1010b), and at least one transceiver, such as a transceiver (1031b). The processor (1020b) may perform the functions, procedures, and / or methods described above. The processor (1020b) may implement one or more protocols. For example, the processor (1020b) may implement one or more layers of a wireless interface protocol. The memory (1010b) may be connected to the processor (1020b) and may store various types of information and / or commands. The transceiver (1031b) may be connected to the processor (1020b) and may be controlled to transmit and receive wireless signals.

[0175] The memory (1010a) and / or the memory (1010b) may be connected internally or externally to the processor (1020a) and / or the processor (1020b), or may be connected to another processor via various technologies such as a wired or wireless connection.

[0176] The first device (100a) and / or the second device (100b) may have one or more antennas. For example, the antenna (1036a) and / or the antenna (1036b) may be configured to transmit and receive wireless signals.

[0177] Fig. 15 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a terminal according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0178] In particular, FIG. 15 is a drawing illustrating the device of FIG. 14 in more detail.

[0179] The device includes a memory (1010), a processor (1020), a transceiver (1031), a power management module (1091), a battery (1092), a display (1041), an input unit (1053), a speaker (1042), and a microphone (1052), a subscriber identification module (SIM) card, and one or more antennas.

[0180] The processor (1020) may be configured to implement the proposed functions, procedures, and / or methods described herein. Layers of a radio interface protocol may be implemented in the processor (1020). The processor (1020) may include an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), other chipsets, logic circuits, and / or data processing devices. The processor (1020) may be an application processor (AP). The processor (1020) may include at least one of a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), and a modem (modulator and demodulator). Examples of the processor (1020) may be a SNAPDRAGON™ series processor manufactured by Qualcomm®, an EXYNOSTM series processor manufactured by Samsung®, an A series processor manufactured by Apple®, a HELIO™ series processor manufactured by MediaTek®, an ATOM™ series processor manufactured by INTEL®, a KIRINTM series processor manufactured by HiSilicon®, or a corresponding next-generation processor.

[0181] The power management module (1091) manages power to the processor (1020) and / or the transceiver (1031). The battery (1092) supplies power to the power management module (1091). The display (1041) outputs the results processed by the processor (1020). The input unit (1053) receives input to be used by the processor (1020). The input unit (1053) can be displayed on the display (1041). A SIM card is an integrated circuit used to securely store an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) and its associated keys, which are used to identify and authenticate subscribers in mobile devices such as mobile phones and computers. Contact information can also be stored on many SIM cards.

[0182] The memory (1010) is operably coupled to the processor (1020) and stores various information for operating the processor (610). The memory (1010) may include a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), flash memory, a memory card, a storage medium, and / or other storage devices. When the embodiment is implemented in software, the techniques described herein may be implemented as modules (e.g., procedures, functions, etc.) that perform the functions described herein. The modules may be stored in the memory (1010) and executed by the processor (1020). The memory (1010) may be implemented within the processor (1020). Alternatively, the memory (1010) may be implemented external to the processor (1020) and communicatively connected to the processor (1020) via various means known in the art.

[0183] The transceiver (1031) is operably coupled to the processor (1020) and transmits and / or receives a radio signal. The transceiver (1031) includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transceiver (1031) may include baseband circuitry for processing a radio frequency signal. The transceiver controls one or more antennas to transmit and / or receive a radio signal. The processor (1020) transmits command information to the transceiver (1031) to initiate communication, for example, to transmit a radio signal constituting voice communication data. The antenna functions to transmit and receive radio signals. Upon receiving a radio signal, the transceiver (1031) may transmit the signal to the processor (1020) for processing and convert the signal to baseband. The processed signal may be converted into audible or readable information output through the speaker (1042).

[0184] The speaker (1042) outputs sound-related results processed by the processor (1020). The microphone (1052) receives sound-related input to be used by the processor (1020).

[0185] A user inputs command information, such as a phone number, for example, by pressing (or touching) a button on an input unit (1053) or by voice activation using a microphone (1052). The processor (1020) receives this command information and processes it to perform an appropriate function, such as dialing a phone number. Operational data can be extracted from a SIM card or memory (1010). In addition, the processor (1020) can display command information or operation information on a display (1041) for the user's recognition and convenience.

[0186] Figure 16 shows a block diagram of a processor in which the disclosure of this specification is implemented.

[0187] As can be seen from FIG. 16, the processor (1020) implementing the disclosure of the present specification may include multiple circuits to implement the proposed functions, procedures, and / or methods described herein. For example, the processor (1020) may include a first circuit (1020-1), a second circuit (1020-2), and a third circuit (1020-3). Furthermore, although not shown, the processor (1020) may include more circuits. Each circuit may include multiple transistors.

[0188] The above processor (1020) may be called an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or an application processor (AP), and may include at least one of a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), and a graphics processing unit (GPU).

[0189] Fig. 17 is a block diagram showing in detail the transmitter / receiver of the first device illustrated in Fig. 14 or the transmitter / receiver unit of the device illustrated in Fig. 15.

[0190] Referring to FIG. 17, the transceiver unit (1031) includes a transmitter (1031-1) and a receiver (1031-2). The transmitter (1031-1) includes a DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) unit (1031-11), a subcarrier mapper (1031-12), an IFFT unit (1031-13), a CP insertion unit (1031-14), and a wireless transmitter unit (1031-15). The transmitter (1031-1) may further include a modulator. In addition, for example, the transmitter may further include a scramble unit (not shown), a modulation mapper (not shown), a layer mapper (not shown), and a layer permutator (not shown), which may be arranged before the DFT unit (1031-11). That is, in order to prevent an increase in PAPR (peak-to-average power ratio), the transmitter (1031-1) first passes the information through a DFT (1031-11) before mapping the signal to a subcarrier. The signal spread (or precoded in the same sense) by the DFT unit (1031-11) is mapped to a subcarrier through a subcarrier mapper (1031-12) and then passes through an IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) unit (1031-13) to be converted into a signal on the time axis.

[0191] The DFT unit (1031-11) performs DFT on the input symbols and outputs complex-valued symbols. For example, if Ntx symbols are input (where Ntx is a natural number), the DFT size is Ntx. The DFT unit (1031-11) may be called a transform precoder. The subcarrier mapper (1031-12) maps the complex symbols to each subcarrier in the frequency domain. The complex symbols may be mapped to resource elements corresponding to resource blocks allocated for data transmission. The subcarrier mapper (1031-12) may be called a resource element mapper. The IFFT unit (1031-13) performs IFFT on the input symbols and outputs a baseband signal for data, which is a time-domain signal. The CP insertion unit (1031-14) copies a portion of the rear portion of the baseband signal for data and inserts it into the front portion of the baseband signal for data. CP insertion prevents ISI (Inter-Symbol Interference) and ICI (Inter-Carrier Interference), thereby maintaining orthogonality even in multipath channels.

[0192] On the other hand, the receiver (1031-2) includes a wireless reception unit (1031-21), a CP removal unit (1031-22), an FFT unit (1031-23), and an equalization unit (1031-24). The wireless reception unit (1031-21), the CP removal unit (1031-22), and the FFT unit (1031-23) of the receiver (1031-2) perform the inverse functions of the wireless transmission unit (1031-15), the CP insertion unit (1031-14), and the IFF unit (1031-13) of the transmitter (1031-1). The receiver (1031-2) may further include a demodulator.

[0193] Although the preferred embodiments have been described above by way of example, the disclosure of this specification is not limited to such specific embodiments, and may be modified, changed, or improved in various forms within the scope described in the spirit and claims of this specification.

[0194] In the exemplary system described above, the methods are described based on a flowchart as a series of steps or blocks. However, the order of the steps described is not limited, and some steps may occur in a different order or simultaneously with other steps described above. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the steps depicted in the flowchart are not exclusive, and other steps may be included, or one or more steps in the flowchart may be deleted without affecting the scope of the invention.

[0195] The claims set forth in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method.

Claims

1. In a method of operating a terminal in a wireless communication system, A step of receiving a first message including event information related to AI (artificial intelligence) / ML (machine learning) model or function monitoring; A step of determining whether an AI / ML model or function monitoring event is satisfied based on the received AI / ML model or function monitoring-related event information; and A method comprising the step of transmitting a request for activating at least one of performance assessment and performance monitoring for a deactivated AI / ML model or function, if the AI / ML model or function monitoring event is determined to be satisfied.

2. In paragraph 1, A method further comprising receiving a second message in response to a request for activation of at least one of performance assessment and performance monitoring for the deactivated AI / ML model or function.

3. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the event information related to the AI / ML model or function monitoring includes at least one of threshold information, timer information, and hysteresis information.

4. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the first message further includes resource setting information related to AI / ML model or function monitoring.

5. In paragraph 2, A method further comprising the step of performing at least one of performance assessment and performance monitoring for the above-deactivated AI / ML model or function.

6. In a method of operating a base station in a wireless communication system, A step of transmitting a first message including event information related to AI (artificial intelligence) / ML (machine learning) model or function monitoring; and A method comprising a step of receiving a request for activating at least one of performance assessment and performance monitoring for a deactivated AI / ML model or function based on event information related to the transmitted AI / ML model or function monitoring.

7. In paragraph 6, A method further comprising the step of transmitting a second message in response to a request for activation of at least one of performance assessment and performance monitoring for the deactivated AI / ML model or function.

8. In paragraph 6, A method wherein the event information related to the AI / ML model or function monitoring includes at least one of threshold information, timer information, and hysteresis information.

9. In paragraph 6, A method wherein the first message further includes resource setting information related to AI / ML model or function monitoring.

10. As a terminal in a wireless communication system, at least one processor; and At least one memory storing instructions and being operably electrically connectable to the at least one processor, wherein the operations performed based on the instructions being executed by the at least one processor are: A step of receiving a first message including event information related to AI (artificial intelligence) / ML (machine learning) model or function monitoring, A step of determining whether an AI / ML model or function monitoring event is satisfied based on the received AI / ML model or function monitoring-related event information, and A terminal comprising a step of transmitting a request for activating at least one of performance assessment and performance monitoring for a deactivated AI / ML model or function, if the AI / ML model or function monitoring event is determined to be satisfied.

11. In paragraph 10, Based on the above instruction being executed by the at least one processor, the operations performed are: A terminal further comprising a step of receiving a second message in response to a request for activation of at least one of performance assessment and performance monitoring for the above-deactivated AI / ML model or function.

12. In paragraph 10, A terminal, wherein the event information related to the AI / ML model or function monitoring includes at least one of threshold information, timer information, and hysteresis information.

13. In paragraph 10, The terminal, wherein the first message further includes resource setting information related to AI / ML model or function monitoring.

14. In paragraph 11, Based on the above instruction being executed by the at least one processor, the operations performed are: A terminal further comprising a step of performing at least one of performance assessment and performance monitoring for the above-deactivated AI / ML model or function.

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