Shift actuator
The shift actuator addresses the challenge of maintaining the shifted position by using a sensor and cam stopper mechanism to lock the shift fork in place, preventing unintended gear changes and reducing wear and energy consumption.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/126108
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-10-24
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-01
AI Technical Summary
Existing shift actuators for vehicles with transmissions face challenges in securely maintaining the shifted position while allowing smooth shift movements, especially in cases of blocked shift forks, which can lead to increased wear, noise, and energy consumption.
The proposed shift actuator incorporates a sensor to detect the shifted position of the shift fork and a cam stopper mechanism that locks the cam in a blocked position, preventing unintended movement and ensuring the shift fork remains in the shifted position.
This solution effectively prevents unintended jumping out of gear by securely locking the shift fork in the shifted position, reducing wear, noise, and energy consumption, while allowing smooth shift movements even in blocked conditions.
Smart Images

Figure CN2023126108_01052025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
Shift actuator
[0001] The present invention is directed to a shift actuator. Such shift actuator may for example be a gear shift actuator which shifts a transmission from a neutral to a gear engaged position. An-other example of such shift actuator could be a shift actuator that selectively connects a rotat-able shaft to a rotational drive, wherein in the neutral position of the shifter the shaft is discon-nected from the drive, and in the shifted position the shaft is connected for rotation.
[0002] A shift actuator as defined in the preamble of claim 1 is disclosed in WO 2022 / 219394 A1. In this document a gear shift actuator is disclosed. The shift actuator comprises a support that is fixed in a vehicle and which may include a housing which accommodates components of the shift actuator. The shift actuator further comprises a rotary member mounted in the support for rotation about a rotary axis, and an electric motor for driving the rotary member to rotate. In addition, there is a shift fork mounted to be pivotable with respect to the support about a pivot axis that is parallel to the rotary axis. The shift actuator further includes a cam which comprises a cam projection including an apex and which is coupled to the rotary member to rotate with the rotary member but is supported to be displaceable in a linear direction defined by a line perpendicular to the rotary axis to move the cam projection apex closer to the rotary axis against the bias of a spring which biases the cam projection apex away from the rotary axis to an extended position. The shift fork is provided with a cam follower that is configured to coop-erate with the cam projection such that, when the cam projection upon rotation of the cam exerts a force on the cam follower, a resulting force acts on the shift fork which urges the shift fork to pivot from a neutral position to a shifted position. Finally, there is a control unit config-ured to control operation of the electric motor to effect shifting between the neutral and shifted positions of the shift fork.
[0003] The reason for the particular coupling between the rotary member and the cam which locks the cam with respect to rotation to the rotary member but allows linear displacement of the cam with respect to the rotary axis of the rotary member in the above-described direction is the following. There are situations in which the component to be driven by the shift fork is temporarily blocked and therefore cannot perform the intended shift movement. This may for example be the case for a dog clutch. A dog clutch is a mechanism for connecting and discon-necting two rotating shafts. It is based on the working principle to let a set of regularly spaced teeth or protrusions on one wheel connected to one of the shafts engage with a set of comple-mentary recesses between teeth on an opposite wheel connected to the second shaft. When the to wheels are moved together such that the teeth of the first wheel are received in the recesses formed between teeth of the second wheel a slip-free rotary engagement between the shafts is established. On the other hand, if the two teeth or dog wheels are in a relative angular position with respect to each other such that the teeth of one wheel are facing directly opposite teeth of the other wheel, the two opposite teeth wheels cannot be shifted to the en-gaged position until the two teeth wheels have rotated relative to each other such that the teeth on one wheel are aligned with recesses between teeth of the other wheel.
[0004] The shift actuator known from WO 2022 / 219394 A1 operates in the following manner. When the shift fork is to be pivoted from the neutral position to the shifted position the control unit activates the electric motor to rotate the rotary member which in turn rotates the cam. The rotating cam cooperates with the cam follower on the shift fork such that when the cam projec-tion is rotated along the cam follower a resulting force is acting on the cam follower which urges the shift fork to pivot from the neutral to the shifted position which is reached when the cam follower is in contact with the cam in the region of the cam projection apex. On the other hand, if the shift fork during this operation cannot be pivoted because the member to be shifted by the shift fork is temporarily blocked, the shift actuator operates in the following manner. The cam is driven by the rotary member to rotate with respect to the cam follower as in the un-blocked drive situation described before, but due to the blocked state the shift fork cannot pivot in response to the cam projection rotating along the cam follower. Because the shift fork in the blocked state cannot transmit the movement prescribed by the cam projection rotating against the cam follower, the cam is forced to absorb the movement by linear displacement of the cam moving the cam projection in the opposite closer to the rotary axis, thereby compressing the spring and storing the integrated drive force of the rotated cam by the displaced state of the cam with respect to the rotary axis including a compressed spring urging the cam projection of the displaced cam against the cam follower. As soon as the blockage of the shift fork is re-leased and the shift fork is free to pivot the compressed spring urges the cam projection back to the extended position which in turn drives the cam follower to pivot the shift fork from the neutral to the shifted position.
[0005] While such shift actuator is advantageous in that it can deal with a blocked state of the shift fork by a counter reaction of the cam which is displaced against the bias of the spring, thereby compressing the spring to store the drive force for a delayed pivotal shift of the shift fork to the shifted state, it also has shortcomings.
[0006] For shift actuators that are used in vehicles with transmissions with gears it is known that the shift actuator may undergo a so called jump-out-off-gear event in case of strong vibrations or mechanical shock acting on the shift actuator and shift mechanism. To prevent such unin-tended jumping out of gear the known shift actuator utilizes a detent effect which is effected by the spring in the shifted position of the shift fork. If in the shifted position an interfering force is urging the shift fork to be pivoted back to neutral the cam follower, since the pivot axis of the shift fork is shifted with respect to the rotary axis of the cam, pivots with respect to the cam which causes a force on the cam which displaces the cam and thereby causes compression of the spring. The interfering external force on the shift fork therefore has to overcome the bias force of the spring to force the shift fork to be pivoted out of the shifted position back to neutral. There are diverging design goals regarding the strength of this detent mechanism and conse-quently the spring strength. On the one hand a high spring strength is desirable to safely hold the shift fork in the shifted position to prevent that interfering forces and vibrations acting on the shift fork could pull the shift fork out of the shifted position; on the other hand a rather low spring strength is desirable in order to allow a smooth shift movement with moderate force also in case of a blocked shift fork to keep tear and wear and generation of noise in the shift mech-anism at a low level, as well as keeping energy consumption for the shift actuation as low as possible.
[0007] It is therefore an object of the present invention to improve the shift actuator to keep the shift actuator securely in the shifted position while at the same time to allow shift movements without high bias forces also in case of a blocked shift fork to avoid tear and wear, noise generation and high energy consumption otherwise caused by high bias forces.
[0008] To achieve this object a gear shift actuator comprising the features of claim 1 is provided. Preferred embodiments of the invention are set out in the dependent claims.
[0009] According to the present invention a sensor is connected to the control unit and is configured to detect when the shift fork has reached the shifted position. If the sensor has detected that the shift fork has reached the shifted position this also indicates that the spring biasing the cam to the extended position of the cam projection is no longer compressed in case of a preceding blockage because the shifted position has been reached by the expansion of the spring. The cam is provided with a projecting cam stopper. The control unit is configured, when it receives a signal from the sensor indicating that the fork has reached the shifted position, to control the electric motor to turn the cam by a predetermined angle further to move the cam stopper to a blocked position in which the cam stopper is juxtaposed with a stationary stopper fixed with respect to the support to block linear displacement of the cam against the bias of the spring, thus preventing movement of the cam projection out of the extended position closer to the rotary axis. In other words the control unit is configured to turn the cam by a predetermined angle beyond the position corresponding to the shifted position of the shift fork in order to bring the cam stopper to the blocked position in head on opposition to the stationary stopper, in which cam stopper and stationary stopper are arranged physically in close proximity and in direct opposition to thereby block any displacement movement of the cam against the bias of the spring, i.e. any displacement of the cam moving the cam out of the extended position is blocked by the cam stopper because its movement is obstructed by the stationary stopper.
[0010] As indicated, in the blocked position of the cam the cam stopper is opposing the stationary stopper “in close proximity” , i.e. as a safety margin there is a small gap between cam stopper and opposing stationary stopper to ensure that the cam can be turned to the blocked position without the cam stopper interfering with the stationary stopper, wherein this minimal gap allows a minimal displacement before physical contact of cam stopper and stationary stopper makes the lock effective, but this minimal displacement can be kept far below the displacement nec-essary for pulling the shift fork out of gear.
[0011] Since in the blocked position such displacement of the cam is physically blocked by the head on opposition of the cam stopper to the stationary stopper, the cam is mechanically locked against such displacement, thereby locking the shift fork in the shifted position. Any interfering forces acting on the shift fork and attempting to pull it out of the shifted position are transmitted from the shift fork and the cam follower via the cam to the cam stopper and further to the stationary stopper, thereby effectively locking the shift fork in the shifted position with respect to the support.
[0012] The predetermined angle for turning the cam from the position corresponding to the shifted position to the blocked position typically is small compared to the angle for turning the cam from the position corresponding to neutral to the position corresponding to the shifted position of the shift fork, wherein the latter in a typical case is 60°, whereas the predetermined angle can typically be selected from a range of 1° to 15° depending on the design particulars. The control unit receives feedback information on the current turning angle of the cam. Typically this cam rotation information is determined in the control unit from data received from a rotary encoder on the motor which detects the angular rotation of the motor from which the resulting angular rotation of the cam can be calculated.
[0013] In a preferred embodiment that geometrical arrangement is such that in the blocked position of the cam a line connecting the cam stopper and the rotary axis in a plan perpendicular to the rotary axis intersects with the stationary stopper. This ensures that the blocking direction is directly opposing the displacement direction of the cam against the compression of the spring which would take place in case of interfering forces on the shift fork if the stationary stopper would not prevent such displacement. Preferably, in the blocked position of the cam the line connecting the cam stopper and the rotary axis intersects with the cam projection apex. This can for example be the case if the cam stopper projects from the cam surface diametrically opposite to the cam projection apex, as it is the case in the one of the embodiments described in connection with the drawings. Alternatively, the cam stopper could be on the same side with respect to the rotary axis as the cam projection, wherein in this case the stationary stopper could be at a lower radial distance to the rotary axis then the cam stopper projecting from the cam. Also, other positionings of the stationary stopper and the cam stopper that are not aligned with respect to the rotary axis are in principle possible as long as the blocking force exerted by the stationary stopper on the cam stopper is not perpendicular to the displacement direction of the cam so that the blocking force has at least a component thereof that is aligned with and opposite to the displacement direction of the cam.
[0014] In a preferred embodiment the surface of the cam projection apex is curved having a radius of curvature equal to the radial distance of the surface of the cam projection apex to the rotary axis of the cam in the extended position of the cam projection, wherein this curvature of the surface of the cam projection apex continues to a position that is reached by the cam follower in the blocked position of the cam. This arrangement ensures that turning of the cam by the predetermined angle from the position corresponding to the shifted position to the position corresponding to the blocked position of the cam does not exert a force on the shift fork when the cam follower runs along the curved surface. This ensures that the shift fork stays precisely in the shifted position regardless of the cam being turned further from its position correspond-ing to the shifted position to the blocked position.
[0015] In a preferred embodiment the shift actuator is configured as a gear shift actuator, wherein the shifted position of the shift fork corresponds to a first gear engaged position. The shift fork is configured in a schematical manner with a bifurcated fork having two opposite fork arms each carrying a cam follower, and the cam is likewise configured in a schematical manner so that, when the cam is rotated in a second direction opposite to the direction for drive the shift fork to the shifted position, the shift fork is pivoted in an opposite direction to a second gear en-gaged position, wherein the control unit and the sensor are arranged to sense when the shift fork has reached the second gear engaged position and to control the electric motor, upon indication of the sensor that the shift fork has reached the second gear engaged position, to turn the cam further by the predetermined angle to move the cam stopper to a second station-ary stopper to a second blocked position in which the cam stopper is juxtaposed with the sta-tionary stopper fixed with respect to the support to block displacement of the cam against bias of the spring.
[0016] In the following the present invention will be described in connection with the drawings, wherein Figs. 1 to 10 show a shift actuator of the prior art as disclosed in above-mentioned document WO 2022 / 219394 A1 to illustrate the functionality of the drive mechanism for shifting the shift fork which is also utilized in connection with the shift actuator of the present invention, wherein
[0017] Figs. 1 to 3 show perspective views of the shift actuator with some of the external components removed to make internal components of the shifter mechanism visible;
[0018] Figs. 4 and 5 are perspective views of a cam and of its coupling to a rotary member of the shift actuator;
[0019] Fig. 6 is a side view of the cam and the rotary member of the shift actuator;
[0020] Fig. 7 is an exploded view of the cam and its coupling to the rotary member of the shift actuator;
[0021] Figs. 8 to 10 show a sequence of movement states when the shift actuator is operated to shift the shift fork from a neutral position (Fig. 8) to a shifted position (Fig. 10) ;
[0022] Figs. 11 to 14 illustrate a shift actuator according to the present invention when it is operated to shift the shift fork from a neutral position (Fig. 11) to a blocked position in which the shift fork is in the shifted position and the cam is in a blocked position to prevent unintentional jumping out of gear;
[0023] Fig. 15 illustrates an alternative arrangement of cam and stoppers for a shift actuator according to the present invention, on the left hand side as a top view and of the right hand side as a side view; and
[0024] Fig. 16 shows schematical top views of the alternative cam and stopper arrangement of Fig. 15 in sequential movement states in a neutral position on the left hand side, and intermediate position in the middle and a blocked state in the shifted position on the right hand side.
[0025] First the main components of the shift actuator will be described for the conventional shift actuator with reference to Figs. 1 to 3 which utilizes the same drive mechanism as the shift actuator of the present invention. The shift actuator comprises a support 2 (Fig. 1) which may have the form of a housing accommodating components of the drive mechanism of the shift actuator; in Fig. 1 only a part of such support in the form of a housing part 2 is shown in dashed lines. This support is fixed with respect to a machine or vehicle structure. The shift actuator comprises a shift fork 30 having two opposite shift levers 32 connected by a bridge portion, wherein the two connected shift levers 32 of the shift fork 30 are supported with respect to the support 2 to be pivotable about a pivot axis 70. Each shift lever 32 of the shift fork 30 comprises two symmetrically arranged fork arms 36, each of the fork arms 36 carrying a cam follower 38 at its end which has the form of a roller that is rotatably supported by the fork arm 36.
[0026] The shift actuator comprises an electric motor 6 which is connected to a transmission which transmits the drive force to a rotary member 4 that is rotatably supported by the support 2 to be rotatable about a rotary axis that is parallel to but shifted with respect to the pivot axis 70 of the shift fork 30. The rotary member 4 has the form of a shaft in the illustrated embodiment.
[0027] The shift actuator further comprises a cam 10 which is shaped, as can best be seen in Figs. 3 and 4, to have an outer surface contour comprising a cam projection 12 including a cam pro-jection apex 14, opposite to the cam projection a base circle portion, and two opposite side projections having a lower projection level than the cam projection 12. Cam 10 is coupled to the rotary member 4, wherein this coupling is such that the cam 10 is locked against rotary movements with respect to the rotary member 4 but is free to slide in a linear direction with respect to the rotary axis of the rotary member 4 as will now be described with reference to Figs. 4 to 7. The cam 10 is provided with an elongated cam opening 20 (see Fig. 7) . The cam opening 20 is shaped and dimensioned to cooperate with a coupling feature 5 formed on the rotary member 4 to form a torque-proof engagement of the rotary member 4 with the cam 10 but to allow a sliding displacement of the cam in a direction perpendicular to the rotary axis of the rotary member 4. In the illustrated embodiment the cam opening 20 has planar side walls parallel to each other, and is dimensioned to receive a coupling feature 5 (Fig. 7) which is formed by a shaped body extending from the rotary member 4 perpendicularly to the rotary axis of the rotary member 4. The coupling feature 5 is rigidly connected with the rotary member 4, and has parallel side surfaces at a distance adapted to the distance of the inner side walls of the cam opening 20 such that the coupling feature 5 is received by the cam opening 20, wherein the side walls of the coupling feature 5 are contacting the inner walls of the cam open-ing 20, thereby forming a torque-proof engagement of the coupling feature 5 (and thus the rotary member 4) with the cam opening 20 and providing a rotational lock of the cam 10 with respect to the rotary member 4.
[0028] On the other hand the coupling feature 5 does not completely fill the elongated cam opening 20 in its direction of elongation such that the coupling feature 5 can be shifted relative to the elongated cam opening 20 in its direction of elongation. In this manner the cam 10 can be displaced in a linear direction (direction of elongation of the cam opening 20) with respect to the rotary axis of the rotary member 4.
[0029] As can be seen in Fig. 7 the coupling feature 5 comprises two adjacent spring receptacles 42, each spring receptacle 42 receiving one end of a spring 40. The opposite ends of the two springs 40 are supported on a bottom wall of the cam opening 20. The two springs 40 are dimensioned such that they are under preload when the coupling feature 5 with the springs 40 held in spring receptacles 42 has been inserted into the cam opening 20. The coupling feature 5 is held in position in the cam opening 20 by a bracket 22 that engages with a groove in each side wall of the coupling feature 5. The preload of the springs 40 urges the coupling feature 5 towards the top wall of the cam opening 20. In this manner the cam projection 12 is biased away from the rotary axis of the rotary member 4 to an extended position of the cam projection.
[0030] On the other hand in case a force is acting on the cam 10 which is directed to urge the cam projection apex 14 towards the rotary axis of the rotary member 4, the cam 10 reacts by being displaced, wherein such displacement is enabled by the shift of the coupling feature 5 within the cam opening 20 which is accompanied by the compression of the springs 40. The displace-ment of the cam 10 is limited by the elongation of the cam opening 20 and further displacement is stopped if lower end portions of the coupling feature 5 contact the bottom wall of the cam opening 20. As soon as the external force on the cam 10 causing the displacement ceases to act on the cam 10 the compressed springs 40 expand and urge the coupling feature 5 back towards the top wall of the cam opening 20, thereby returning the cam 10 with its cam projec-tion 12 to the extended position.
[0031] A shift operation of the gear shift actuator will now be described first with reference to Figs. 8 and 10. In Fig. 8 the shift fork 30 is in the neutral position, wherein the two symmetrical fork arms 36 extend to the same vertical level with its cam followers 38. Between the two cam followers 38 the cam 10 is disposed in a neutral position. In Fig. 8 three concentric circles are indicated in dashed lines, wherein the innermost circle is tangent to the base circle portion at the top of the cam 10. The intermediate circle is tangent to the opposite side projections of the cam 10, and the outer circle is tangent to the cam projection apex 14. In neutral position the shift fork is mechanically locked from pivoting by the cam 10, as any movement initiated by vibrations or shocks that will try to move the shift fork 30 out of neutral will not be able to compress the spring as the forces will be acting perpendicular to the spring movement direc-tion.
[0032] To perform a shift operation to a first gear engaged position of the shift fork 30 the control unit activates the electric motor 6 which rotates the rotary member 4 and the cam 10 to turn in clockwise direction. It is first assumed that there is no obstruction so that the shift fork 30 is free to pivot. The control unit operates the electric motor 6 such that the cam is turned so that the center of the cam projection apex 14 reaches the cam follower 38 on the fork arm 36 on the left hand side. Since the cam projection apex 14 has a larger radial distance to the rotary axis of the rotary member (outermost dashed circle) than the side projections of the cam (in-termediate dashed circle) the turn of the cam 10 into the turn position of Fig. 10 is accompanied by exertion of a force on the shift fork 30 which pivots the fork arm 36 further to the left and thus pivots the shift levers 32 of the shift fork 30 to the shifted position as shown in Fig. 10.
[0033] Now a shift operation will be described in which the shift fork 30 is first in an obstructed state and cannot be pivoted. Again starting with the neutral position in Fig. 8 the electric motor is activated to turn the cam 10. In Fig. 9 an intermediate state is shown in which the cam 10 has already been turned about a substantial part of its movement angle and is with the center of the cam projection apex 14 already close to the cam follower 38 on the fork arm 36 on the left hand side. In Fig. 9 an arrow acting at the lower end of the shift fork 30 is indicating a force that prevents the shift lever 32 of the shift fork 30 from pivoting.
[0034] Since the shift fork 30 at the stage of Fig. 9 is still blocked and could not pivot the cam 10 reacts to the turning movement with being displaced in linear direction which is opposite to the direction in which the cam follower 38 was intended to be moved for causing the obstructed pivot of the shift fork 30. This displacement of the cam 10 with respect to the rotary axis of the rotary member 4 causes the coupling feature 5 to be shifted within the cam opening 20 so that the springs 40 are compressed and a gap 20 between the upper wall of the coupling feature 5 and the upper wall of the cam opening is created by the shift of the coupling feature 5 within the cam opening 20, as can be seen in Fig. 9. This displacement of the cam 10, which is accompanied by a shift of the coupling feature 5 and compression of the springs 40, stores the integrated drive force of the turning movement of the cam in the compressed state of the springs 40 which for this reason exert an additional force on the cam follower 38 on the fork arm 36 on the left hand side. As soon as the blockage of the shift fork 30 is released, the cam 10 returns to the extended position with its cam projection 12 being biased away from the rotary axis of the rotary member 4 driven by the expanding springs 40. Due to this reversed displacement of the cam 10 the previously obstructed pivotal movement of the shift fork 30 to the shifted position is now effected in a delayed manner after the blockage of the shift fork has been released, so that the shifted position of Fig. 10 is, in a delayed manner caused by the temporary obstruction, likewise reached.
[0035] When the shift fork is in the shifted position as shown in Fig. 10 strong vibrations or an impact can cause forces on the shift fork 30 directed to pull the shift fork 30 out of the shifted position. In such case the shift fork 30 tries to resist such forces by a detent effect caused by the springs 40 which are compressed when the shift fork is turned by the external forces towards neutral. If the interfering forces are strong enough to displace the cam 10 sufficiently by compressing the springs 40 the shift fork 30 can return to the neutral position. Such an event was described above as a jump-out-off-gear of the gear shift actuator which should of course be prevented.
[0036] In the following the operation of a shift actuator according to the present invention when being shifted from neutral via the shifted position to a locked position of the cam locking the shift fork in the shifted position will be described with reference to Figs. 11 to 14. The shift actuator is, as the conventional shift actuator described with reference to Figs. 1 to 10, again in the form of a gear shift actuator which is symmetrically arranged to be able to shift the shift fork 30 from neutral in a first direction to a first gear engaged position, and in opposite direction from neutral to a second gear engaged position. The shift fork 30, the basic shape of the cam 10 and the way of its coupling to a rotary member driven by the electric motor correspond to the above-described conventional gear shift actuator of Figs. 1 to 10. Unlike in the conventional gear shift actuator the cam 10 is provided with a cam stopper 16 projecting from the cam 10; in the illustrated embodiment the cam stopper 16 is projecting from the contour of the cam at a posi-tion opposite to the cam projection apex. Furthermore, there is a stationary stopper 8 which is fixed with respect to the support. Also shown is a sensor 60 for detecting whether shift fork 30 has reached the shifted position. This sensor 60 is connected to a control unit 50, wherein this connection is indicated by dotted line portions shown in Fig. 14, wherein in Figs. 11-13 only the sensor 60 is shown and the dotted end portion of a connection line from the sensor 60 is in connection with the control unit 50. The control unit 50 is, upon receiving a shift order input, configured to activate the electric motor to perform a shift operation from neutral to a shifted position (and vice versa) . The shift operation which brings the shift fork 30 from the neutral position (Fig. 11) to the shifted position 13 corresponds to the shift operation as described for the conventional gear shift actuator with reference to Figs. 8 to 10. That is the cam 10 is turned by the electric motor to a position corresponding to the shifted position in Fig. 12, but again the shift fork 30 is blocked in the initial phase so that despite of turning the cam projection 12 to the cam follower on the fork arm 36 on the left hand side the shift fork 30 has not yet pivoted in Fig. 12, which forced the cam 10 to be displaced, wherein this displacement is accompanied by shifting of the coupling feature within the cam opening and compression of the springs as has been described in connection with Fig. 9.
[0037] After the blocked state of the shift fork 30 ceased the compressed springs expanded and re-turned the cam 10 back to its rest position with the cam projection 12 being in the extended position relative to the rotary axis of the rotary member. Driven by the return of the cam 10 from the displaced position (Fig. 12) to the extended position (Fig. 13) the shift fork 30 has been shifted to the shifted position. The sensor 60 sensed that the shift fork 30 reached the shifted position and communicates this successful shift of the shift fork 30 to the control unit 50. The control unit 50 is configured, upon receiving the information that the shift fork 30 is in the shifted position, to operate the electric motor to effect further turning of the cam 10 for a predetermined angle; in the illustrated embodiment the turning angle of the cam 10 to a posi-tion corresponding to the shifted position of the shift fork 30 is about 60°from neutral, and the predetermined angle by which the cam 10 is turned further is about 13° which brings the cam 10 to a blocked position as shown in Fig. 14. In the blocked position the cam stopper 10 has been moved to be juxtaposed to the stationary stopper 8. In this blocked position of the cam 10 the cam stopper 16 and the stationary stopper 8 are in direct opposition in displacement direction of the cam 10, i.e. in case of a displacement of the cam 10 the cam stopper 16 con-tacts the opposite stationary stopper 8, whereby any further displacement of the cam 10 is obstructed. In other words by turning the cam 10 further from the position shown in Fig. 13 to the blocked position shown in Fig. 14, the cam 10 is mechanically locked by the stationary stopper 8 against displacement which would occur if sufficiently high forces would be acting on the shift fork for pulling the shift fork out of the gear engaged position. Locking the cam 10 in the blocked position therefore also establishes a locked state for the shift fork 30 in the gear engaged position and prevents any jumping-out-of-gear events.
[0038] In a preferred embodiment the cam 10 is arranged such that the further turning by the prede-termined angle to the blocked position in Fig. 14 does not cause movement of the shift fork 30 beyond the shifted position. For this purpose, the cam projection is curved in the region of the cam projection apex 14 with a radius of curvature equal to the radial distance of this surface to the rotary axis of the rotary member when the cam projection 14 is in the extended position. This curvature of the cam projection apex 14 is extending up to a turning angle of the cam 10 corresponding to the blocked state of the cam shown in Fig. 14; in this manner it is ensured that the cam 10 can be turned further to the blocked position without exerting force on the cam follower that would cause any movement of the shift fork 30 in shifting direction.
[0039] The described curvature of the cam contour surface in the cam projection apex region is pre-ferred, but a deviating contour shape would in principle also be possible if the predetermined turning angle to the blocked position of the cam is small; also slight movements of the shift fork could in principle also be tolerated.
[0040] In the described embodiment the cam stopper 16 is disposed diametrically opposite to the center of the cam projection apex. However, this positioning is not essential for the present invention, and there are many other arrangements of the cam stopper 16 on the cam 10 which allow the cam stopper 16 to be brought to a blocking opposition with a stationary stopper 8. Fig. 15 shows a schematical illustration of an alternative arrangement of cam and stoppers, wherein a top view of the cam 10 is shown on the left hand side and a side view on the right hand side.
[0041] In the embodiment of Fig. 15 the cam stopper 16 is projecting in axial direction (parallel to the rotary axis of the cam) from an end face of the cam, as can be seen in the side view on the right hand side in Fig. 15. There are two stationary stoppers 8, one for the first gear engaged position and one for the second gear engaged position. One of the blocked positions is reached when the cam 10 has been turned further by the predetermined angle such that its cam stopper 16 is aligned with one of the stationary stoppers 8 so that the cam stopper 16 and one of the stationary stoppers 8 are aligned on a line connecting the cam stopper 16, stationary stopper 8 and the rotary axis of the cam.
[0042] Fig. 16 illustrates the turning movement of the cam 10 from the neutral position on the left hand side in Fig. 16, to a shifted gear engaged position in the middle of Fig. 16, and finally turned by a predetermined further angle to the blocked position of the cam 10 shown on the right hand side in Fig. 16 in which the cam stopper 16 is in a juxtaposed or head on opposition position to one of the stationary stoppers 8. In this manner the cam 10 is locked in the gear engaged position because any cam displacement moving the cam projection 12 closer to the rotary axis of the cam 10 is blocked a minimal displacement of the cam which closest the small gap be-tween cam stopper 16 and stationary stopper 8 which results in mechanical contact and thus obstruction of any further movement in displacement direction. Also, in this manner the cam 10 and as a result also the shift fork 30 is locked in the gear engaged position.
[0043] Of course, there are many other arrangements of the cam stopper 16 and of the stationary stoppers 8 which enable a mechanical lock of the cam 10 in the blocked position against dis-placement moving the cam projection 12 closer to the rotary axis of the cam.
Claims
1.A shift actuator comprising:a support (2) ;a rotary member (4) mounted to be rotatable about a rotary axis with respect to the support (2) ;an electric motor for rotating the rotary member;a shift fork (30) mounted to be pivotable about a pivot axis (22) that is parallel to the rotary axis;a cam (10) having a cam projection (12) including an apex (14) and being coupled to rotate with the rotary member (4) , but being free to be displaced in a linear direction defined by a line perpendicular to the rotary axis to move the cam projection apex (14) closer the rotary axis against the bias of a spring (40) which biases the cam projection apex (14) away from the rotary axis to an extended position;a cam follower (38) provided on the shift fork (30) and configured to cooperate with the cam projection (12) such that when the cam projection exerts a force on the cam fol-lower (38) a resulting force is urging the shift fork (30) to pivot from a neutral position to a shifted position;a control unit (50) configured to control the electric motor;characterized in thata sensor (60) connected to the control unit (50) is configured to detect when the shift fork (30) has reached the shifted position, that the cam (10) is provided with a projecting cam stopper (20) , and that the control unit (50) is configured to, upon receiving a sensor signal indicating that the shift fork (30) has reached the shifted position, control the electric motor (4) to turn the cam (10) by a predetermined angle further to move the cam (10) to a blocked position in which the cam stopper (20) is juxtaposed with a sta-tionary stopper (8) fixed with respect to the support (2) to block linear displacement of the cam (10) against the bias of the spring.2.The shift actuator according to claim 1, characterized in that in the blocked position of the cam (10) a line connecting the cam stopper (20) and the rotary axis in a plane perpendicular to the rotary axis intersects with the stationary stopper (8) .3.The shift actuator according to claim 2, characterized in that in the blocked position of the cam (10) the line connecting the cam stopper (20) and the rotary axis intersects with the cam projection apex (14) .4.The shift actuator according to claim 3, characterized in that the cam stopper (20) pro-jects from the cam surface opposite to the cam projection apex (14) .5.Shift actuator according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface of the cam projection apex (14) is curved having a radius of curvature equal to the radial distance of the surface of the cam projection apex (14) to the rotary axis of the cam, wherein this curvature of the surface of the cam projection apex continues at least to the blocked position of the cam in which the cam projection (16) is in head on opposition to the stationary stopper (8) .6.Shift actuator according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shift actuator is configured as a gear shift actuator, wherein the shifted position of the shift fork (30) corresponds to a first gear engaged position, wherein the shift fork (30) is configured in a symmetrical manner with a bifurcated fork having two opposite fork arms (36) each carrying a cam follower (38) , and wherein the cam (10) is configured is a symmetrical manner so that, when the cam (10) is rotated in a second direction op-posite to the direction for driving the shift fork to the shifted position, the shift fork (30) is pivoted in an opposite direction to a second gear engaged position, wherein the con-trol unit (50) and the sensor (60) are arranged to sense when the shift fork has reached the second gear engaged position and to control the electric motor (6) , upon indication of the sensor (60) that the shift fork (30) has reached the second gear engaged position, to turn the cam (10) further by the predetermined angle to move the cam stopper (20) to a second stationary stopper (8) to a second blocked position in which the cam stop-per (20) is juxtaposed with the second stationary stopper (8) fixed with respect to the support (2) to block displacement of the cam (10) against the bias of the spring (40) .
Citation Information
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