Torque output assembly

Abstract

A torque output assembly, comprising a centering sleeve (11). A power input end (111) rotates around an axis of rotation (112). An operation hole (114) is formed inside a power output end (113), The axis of the operation hole (114) basically coincides with the axis of rotation (112). The depth of the operation hole (114) is greater than the thickness of a workpiece (4). A free end of the power output end (113) extends transversely outward to form an abutting portion (115). The end face of the abutting portion (115) facing away from the power input end (111) is recessed inwards to form a centering recess (116). The depth of the centering recess (116) is smaller than the thickness of the workpiece (4). The recess (116) is in communication with the operation hole (114). When the centering sleeve (11) rotates, the centering recess (116) applies a centripetal force to the workpiece (4) so as to guide the workpiece (4) into the operation hole (114). By means of the centering sleeve (11), centering before coupling and torque transmission after coupling can be smoothly completed, so that the centering sleeve (11) and the workpiece (4) can be quickly positioned relative to each other, thus improving the operation efficiency and reducing requirements for the attitude of the centering sleeve (11) relative to the workpiece (4) during centering.

Description

Torque output components

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on October 27, 2023, with application number 202311401959.1 and invention name “Torque Output Assembly”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present invention relates to the technical field of mechanical transmission, and in particular to a torque output component, a wrench, a torque output mechanism, a wrench, a wrench control method, and a wrench assembly. Background Art

[0004] Mechanical engineering often requires the frequent coupling and decoupling of a device's power output component (such as a shaft) with a workpiece. When coupled, the PTO shaft delivers torque to the workpiece, causing it to work (for fasteners like bolts and nuts, this action is reflected by the fastener rotating and tightening or loosening simultaneously). When decoupling, torque transmission between the PTO component and the workpiece is severed, and no further torque is transmitted.

[0005] To cope with the above scenarios, mechanical engineering usually requires the use of a clutch. However, the structure is too complicated, especially in scenarios where the positioning accuracy requirements between the power output component and the workpiece are not high, such as when various handheld devices (torque wrenches) output torque. Due to the presence of the clutch, the increased volume and weight are particularly unnecessary. At the same time, the complex structure of the clutch leads to a large number of structural parts and increased costs. The operation of the clutch will also reduce the efficiency of torque transmission. At the same time, the transmission of various parts when the clutch is working will lead to increased noise and vibration, which makes manual operation difficult or even impossible.

[0006] Therefore, it is urgent to develop a torque output component, a wrench, a torque output mechanism, a wrench, a wrench control method and a wrench assembly to solve the above technical problems.

[0007] Application Contents

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a solution to deal with the frequent coupling and decoupling (of a power output component that outputs torque to a workpiece) when the positioning accuracy requirement is not high.

[0009] A first aspect of the present invention provides a torque output assembly, comprising a centering sleeve, wherein the centering sleeve has:

[0010] a power input end capable of being driven to rotate about a rotation axis;

[0011] Power take-off, where:

[0012] An operating hole adapted to the outer contour of the workpiece is formed inside the power output end, the axis of the operating hole substantially coincides with the rotation axis, and the depth of the operating hole is greater than the thickness of the workpiece;

[0013] The free end of the power output end extends laterally outward to form an abutment portion, and the end surface of the abutment portion facing away from the power input end is recessed inward to form a centering groove, wherein the depth of the centering groove is less than the thickness of the workpiece, and the centering groove is connected to the working hole. When the centering sleeve rotates, the centering groove applies a centripetal force to the workpiece to guide the workpiece into the working hole;

[0014] The centering groove has a distal end, and a distance from the distal end to the rotation axis is greater than or equal to 1.5 times the radius of the working hole.

[0015] A second aspect of the present invention discloses a wrench, comprising a bracket, a power mechanism and the above-mentioned torque output assembly, wherein:

[0016] The power mechanism drives the centering sleeve to rotate around the rotation axis, and the power mechanism is flexibly connected to the bracket to allow the power mechanism to be laterally deflectable relative to the bracket;

[0017] The working hole is matched with the nut or the nut end of the screw.

[0018] A third aspect of the present invention discloses a torque output mechanism, comprising the above-mentioned torque output assembly, wherein the torque output assembly is at least two and is mounted on the same bracket;

[0019] a power output shaft, wherein the power input end is movably mounted on the power output shaft along the rotation axis or in a direction parallel to the rotation axis;

[0020] The second thrust member is located between the power output shaft and the centering sleeve, and is used to generate a thrust to separate the power output shaft from the centering sleeve.

[0021] A fourth aspect of the present invention discloses a wrench, comprising a power mechanism and the above-mentioned torque output mechanism, wherein:

[0022] The power mechanism drives the power output shaft to rotate around the rotation axis, and the power mechanism is flexibly connected to the bracket to allow the power mechanism to be laterally deflectable relative to the bracket;

[0023] The working hole is matched with the nut or the nut end of the screw.

[0024] A fifth aspect of the present invention discloses a method for controlling the wrench, comprising the steps of:

[0025] From the moment the nut abuts against the centering groove or the nut is inserted into the working hole, the centering sleeve first moves at a speed V 定心 Rotate, then at speed V 作业 Rotation, V 定心 <V 作业 .

[0026] A sixth aspect of the present invention discloses a wrench assembly, comprising:

[0027] Rights to any of the above wrenches;

[0028] A rail vehicle comprises a frame and running wheels rotatably mounted on the frame, wherein the frame is driven to move along the rails by the rolling of the running wheels along the rails;

[0029] A connecting assembly, through which the bracket can be mounted on the rail vehicle in a vertical working posture and / or a horizontal working posture.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the beneficial effect that, with the aid of the centering sleeve, the following actions can be completed in sequence:

[0031] Centering before coupling, manually operate the centering sleeve or the equipment equipped with the centering sleeve so that the workpiece can be completely placed in the centering groove in the horizontal direction (in the plane perpendicular to the depth direction of the centering groove), and then the centering sleeve starts to rotate around the rotation axis under the drive of a power output component. At this time, with the help of the structural design of the centering groove, the centering sleeve applies a centripetal force (pointing to the central axis of the working hole) to the workpiece. Under the action of this centripetal force, the workpiece moves toward the central axis position of the working hole, that is, the centering groove rotates around the rotation axis while approaching the workpiece in the horizontal direction. Whether the workpiece itself will rotate depends on the relationship between the component of the centripetal force in the normal direction (perpendicular to the radial direction in the transverse plane) and the magnitude of the friction torque applied to the workpiece when it is rotated, until the outer edge of the workpiece completely falls into the inner edge of the working hole, preparing for the workpiece to enter the working hole in the longitudinal direction (the depth direction of the working hole);

[0032] After coupling, the torque is transmitted. When the outer edge of the workpiece completely falls into the inner edge of the working hole, at least part of the workpiece can be stuck in the working hole under the drive of its own weight and / or the manual force applied by the user. That is, the rotation of the centering sleeve can drive the workpiece to rotate, thereby achieving coupling and transmitting torque. The workpiece works under the action of the torque (output torque, which is specifically reflected in the tightening or loosening of the nut end of the nut or bolt when the centering sleeve is installed with a wrench). The workpiece rotates synchronously with the centering sleeve under the constraint of the inner edge contour of the working hole.

[0033] Due to the existence of the centering groove, the following working conditions exist in some working processes: part of the workpiece is located in the centering groove in the axial direction and the other part is located in the working hole. Under the condition of a certain positioning gap between the working hole and the workpiece, only part of the workpiece is located in the working hole in the height direction, so that a larger relative deflection between the working hole and the workpiece (relative to the workpiece being completely located in the working hole in the height direction) is allowed. The larger deflection reduces the requirements for the workpiece to enter the working hole from the centering groove (the size of the angle between the axis of the centering sleeve and the center axis of the workpiece), that is, it is beneficial for the workpiece to enter the working hole from the centering groove, and reduces the posture requirements of the centering sleeve relative to the workpiece during centering (when coupled); at the same time, it is also beneficial for the decoupling between the centering sleeve and the workpiece, that is, when the angle between the rotation axis of the centering sleeve and the center axis of the workpiece is relatively large, the two can be separated, reducing the posture requirements of the centering sleeve relative to the workpiece during decoupling. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to make the advantages of the present invention more readily understood, the invention briefly described above will be described in more detail with reference to specific embodiments thereof shown in the accompanying drawings. It will be understood that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, and the invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the accompanying drawings.

[0035] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a centering sleeve according to an embodiment of the present invention from a first viewing angle, wherein: the centering groove has a variable depth;

[0036] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of FIG1 from a second viewing angle;

[0037] FIG3 is a top view of FIG1 , that is, a view from the power input end side;

[0038] FIG4 is a cross-sectional view of section AA in FIG3 ;

[0039] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of another embodiment of a centering sleeve from a first perspective, wherein: the centering groove has a constant depth or a variable depth;

[0040] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a centering sleeve according to another embodiment of the present invention from a first perspective, wherein the centering grooves are of uniform depth;

[0041] FIG7 is a cross-sectional view of section AA in FIG6;

[0042] FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the power output assembly in the first perspective of the assembled state, wherein: the centering groove has a variable depth, the positioning groove is non-through, and there are two positioning members;

[0043] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of FIG8 from a second viewing angle;

[0044] FIG10 is a top view of FIG9;

[0045] FIG11 is a cross-sectional view of section AA in FIG10 ;

[0046] FIG12 is a partial enlarged view of area Z in FIG11 ;

[0047] FIG13 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the power output shaft in the embodiment of FIG8 ;

[0048] FIG14 is a perspective structural diagram of another embodiment of a power output assembly in an assembled state from a first perspective, wherein: the centering groove has a variable depth, the positioning groove is continuous to form a positioning hole, and the positioning member is a rod that passes horizontally through the positioning hole;

[0049] FIG15 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of FIG14 from a second viewing angle;

[0050] FIG16 is a top view of FIG15;

[0051] FIG17 is a cross-sectional view of section AA in FIG16;

[0052] FIG18 is a partial enlarged view of area Z in FIG17 ;

[0053] FIG19 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the power output shaft in the embodiment of FIG14 ;

[0054] FIG20 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a wrench embodiment;

[0055] FIG21 is a schematic perspective view of a portion of the hidden bracket in FIG20 , for the purpose of illustrating the connecting bolts connected between the bracket and the flexible member (elastic member);

[0056] FIG22 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of FIG21 with another portion of the bracket hidden, for the purpose of illustrating the flexible member (elastic member) and the connecting bolts connected between the bracket and the flexible member (elastic member);

[0057] FIG23 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of an embodiment of a wrench assembly from a first viewing angle;

[0058] FIG24 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of FIG23 from a second viewing angle;

[0059] FIG25 is a working principle diagram of the construction of a (rail) fastener bolt using an embodiment of a wrench assembly;

[0060] FIG26 is a cross-sectional view of section AA in FIG23;

[0061] FIG27 is a control block diagram of an embodiment of a wrench control method;

[0062] FIG28 is a control block diagram of another embodiment of a wrench control method;

[0063] FIG29 is a control block diagram of yet another embodiment of a wrench control method.

[0064] The accompanying drawings are numbered as follows: 1. torque output assembly; 11. centering sleeve; 111. power input end; 1111. square hole; 1112. limiting hole; 112. rotation axis; 113. power output end; 114. working hole; 1141. limiting portion; 1142. opening; 115. abutting portion; 1151. abutting plane; 116. centering groove; 1161. bottom surface; 1162. guide surface; 1163. tangent end; 117. dynamic balancing adjustment structure; 118. sliding portion; 119. limiting groove; 12. first thrust member; 121. longitudinal cavity; 13. power output shaft; 131. stroke adjustment end; 132. stroke adjustment groove; 133. stroke adjustment hole; 14. second thrust member; 15. positioning member; 151. first end of positioning member; 152. second end of positioning member; 16. Limiting member; 17. Runout clearance; 2. Bracket; 21. Elastic member; 22. Connecting bolt; 3. Processor; 4. Workpiece; 41. Nut; 42. Screw; 5. Part; 51. Surface of part; 61. Position detection sensor; 62. Timer; 63. Rotation angle detection sensor; 7. Railcar; 71. Frame; 72. Travel wheel; 73. Connecting rod mechanism; 81. Plug column; 82. Rotating cylinder; 9. Rail; 1-1. Torque output mechanism; 1-2. Power mechanism; 1-2-1. Power mechanism housing; 1-2-2. Rechargeable battery; 1-1-1. Wrench; 1-1-1-1. Wrench assembly. Specific embodiments

[0065] In the following description, a large number of specific details are provided to provide a more thorough understanding of the present application. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present application embodiments can be implemented without one or more of these details. In other examples, some technical features well known in the art are not described to avoid confusion with the present application embodiments.

[0066] To thoroughly understand the embodiments of the present application, a detailed structure will be provided in the following description. Obviously, the implementation of the embodiments of the present application is not limited to the specific details familiar to those skilled in the art. The preferred embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, but in addition to these detailed descriptions, the present application may also have other embodiments.

[0067] In the description of the present application, the term "A and / or B" represents all possible combinations of A and B, such as just A, just B, or A and B. The term "at least one A or B" or "at least one of A and B" has a similar meaning to "A and / or B", which may include just A, just B, or A and B. The singular terms "one" and "this" may also include the plural form. The orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "inside", "outside", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present application and do not require that the present application must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limitations on the present application. The terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, in the description of this application, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal connections between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0068] The embodiments of the present application are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0069] A first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention discloses a torque output assembly 1, see Figures 1 to 19, including a centering sleeve 11, the centering sleeve 11 having a power input end 111 and a power output end 113, the power input end 111 is configured to be a structure suitable for being driven, such as having a square hole 1111, so that a power output component with a square driving portion can output torque through the power input end 111. Of course, the power input end 111 can also be configured to be other structures that can be driven. After being driven, the power input end 111 rotates around the rotation axis 112 (R as shown in the figure).

[0070] In order to realize torque transmission after coupling with the workpiece 4, an operating hole 114 is formed inside the power output end 113 to match the outer contour of the workpiece 4. The axis of the operating hole 114 basically coincides with the rotation axis 112. The basic coincidence can be complete coincidence or slightly deviated by a small distance (such as 1 / 30 of the diameter of the operating hole 114). The depth of the operating hole 114 is greater than the thickness of the workpiece 4 to ensure that the workpiece 4 can fully enter the operating hole 114 and is suitable for workpieces 4 of larger thickness.

[0071] The free end of the power output end 113 extends laterally outward to form an abutment portion 115. The end surface of the abutment portion 115 facing away from the power input end 111 is recessed inward to form a centering groove 116. The depth of the centering groove 116 is less than the thickness of the workpiece 4, so that the workpiece 4 can at least partially enter the working hole 114 in the longitudinal direction after moving laterally to the area covered by the edge of the working hole 114, thereby being limited by the inner edge of the working hole 114 to complete the torque transmission. The centering groove 116 is connected to the working hole 114. When the centering sleeve 11 rotates, the centering groove 116 applies centripetal force to the workpiece 4 to guide the workpiece 4 into the working hole 114.

[0072] With the help of the centering sleeve 11, the following actions can be completed in sequence:

[0073] Centering before coupling, manually operate the centering sleeve 11 or the equipment equipped with the centering sleeve 11, so that the workpiece 4 can be completely placed in the centering groove 116 in the horizontal direction (in the plane perpendicular to the depth direction of the centering groove 116) (more precisely, the workpiece 4 is located in the area covered by the movement of the centering groove 116 around the rotation axis 112), and then the centering sleeve 11 starts to rotate around the rotation axis 112 under the drive of a power output component. At this time, with the help of the structural design of the centering groove 116, the centering sleeve 11 applies a centripetal force (pointing to the center of the working hole 114) to the workpiece 4. axis) force, under the action of this centripetal force, the workpiece 4 moves toward the central axis position of the working hole 114, that is, the centering groove 116 rotates around the rotation axis 112 and approaches the workpiece 4 in the transverse direction. Whether the workpiece 4 itself will rotate depends on the relationship between the component of the centripetal force in the tangential direction (perpendicular to the radial direction in the transverse plane) and the magnitude of the friction torque applied to the workpiece 4 when it is rotated, until the outer edge of the workpiece 4 completely falls into the area defined by the inner edge of the working hole 114, preparing for the workpiece 4 to enter the working hole 114 in the longitudinal direction (the depth direction of the working hole 114).

[0074] After coupling, the torque is transmitted. When the outer edge of the workpiece 4 completely falls into the inner edge of the working hole 114, driven by its own weight and / or the hand force applied by the user, at least part of the workpiece 4 can be stuck in the working hole 114, that is, the rotation of the centering sleeve 11 can drive the workpiece 4 to rotate, thereby coupling and transmitting torque. The workpiece 4 is acted upon by the torque to work (output torque, when the centering sleeve 11 is installed with the wrench 1-1-1, it is specifically reflected in locking or loosening the nut 41 or the nut end 421 of the bolt). The workpiece 4 rotates synchronously with the centering sleeve 11 under the constraint of the inner edge contour of the working hole 114.

[0075] Due to the presence of the centering groove 116, the following working conditions exist during some working processes: a portion of the workpiece 4 is located in the centering groove 116 in the axial direction and the other portion is located in the working hole 114. Under the condition of a certain positioning gap between the working hole 114 and the workpiece 4, the workpiece 4 is only partially located in the working hole in the height direction, allowing a larger deflection between the working hole 114 and the workpiece 4 (relative to the workpiece 4 being completely located in the working hole 114 in the height direction). This larger deflection reduces the workpiece 4 from entering the working hole 114 from the centering groove 116. The requirements of the hole 114 (the angle between the axis of the centering sleeve 11 and the central axis of the workpiece 4) are met, that is, it is beneficial for the workpiece 4 to enter the working hole 114 from the centering groove 116, and the posture requirements of the centering sleeve 11 relative to the workpiece 4 during centering (when coupled); at the same time, it is also beneficial to the decoupling between the centering sleeve 11 and the workpiece 4, that is, when the angle between the rotating axis 112 of the centering sleeve 11 and the central axis of the workpiece 4 is relatively large, the two can be separated, thereby reducing the posture requirements of the centering sleeve 11 relative to the workpiece 4 during decoupling.

[0076] The free end of the power output end 113 extends laterally outward to form an abutment portion 115. The depth of the working hole 114 is greater than the thickness of the workpiece 4. Under this setting, after the workpiece 4 is inserted into the working hole 114 (the workpiece 4 is coupled to the centering sleeve 11 to transmit torque), it can be set as follows: the end of the working hole 114 facing away from the centering groove 116 is closed or at least closed to form a limiting portion 1141 to limit the workpiece 4 inserted therein; the depth from the end of the abutment portion 115 toward the centering groove 116 to the limiting portion 1141 is ≥ the thickness of the workpiece 4 +The depth of the centering groove 116 is such that after the workpiece 4 is inserted into the working hole 114 (located between the opening 1142 of the working hole 114 and the limiting portion 1141 along the depth direction of the working hole 114), the abutment portion 115 can always be in close contact with the surface of a part 5 (the workpiece 4 moves relative to the part 5, and the part 5 is stationary relative to the centering sleeve 11), thereby providing a stable support for the operation of the centering sleeve 11, improving the operation reliability, and avoiding the application of a lifting force to the manual device when the manual device is used to drive the centering sleeve 11.

[0077] The first configuration of the centering groove 116 is that it has an inclined surface or a curved surface. Continuing with reference to Figures 1-4, 8 to 12, and 14 to 18, under the weight of the handheld device (with the sleeve attached) and / or the hand force applied by the user, the inclined surface or the curved surface exerts an oblique reaction force on the workpiece 4. This reaction force has a component that is always directed laterally toward the working hole 114. At this time, the depth of the centering groove 116 gradually decreases in a direction away from the rotation axis 112. The other component generated by this reaction force exerts pressure on the workpiece 4 in a direction away from the power input end 111. Through the application of this pressure, the centering sleeve 11 is able to exert downward pressure on the workpiece 4. The ratio of the two components can be adjusted by setting the slope of the inclined surface or the curved surface (the amount of change in the rotation axis 112 / the amount of change in the lateral direction) to an appropriate value. For example, to obtain a larger lateral component of force, the slope is less than 0.2.

[0078] It should also be noted that the centering groove 116 is coaxial with the working hole 114, that is, the central axis of the centering groove 116 coincides with the axis of the working hole 114, which facilitates the workpiece 4 to enter the working hole 114 from the centering groove 116 and to escape from the working hole 114 to enter the centering groove 116.

[0079] The inventors have discovered that the depth of the centering groove 116 gradually decreases in the direction away from the rotation axis 112, that is, in the transverse direction, the depth of the centering groove 116 gradually decreases from the rotation axis 112 in the outward direction, that is, it has a maximum depth at a position adjacent to the rotation axis 112 (a position coinciding with the working hole 114). Continuing to refer to Figures 11 and 17, if the maximum depth is too small, the workpiece 4 will obtain too small a transverse component of force (when the transverse dimension of the centering groove 116 is constant), which is not conducive to centering (the workpiece 4 enters the working hole 114 from the centering groove 116). If the maximum depth is too large, the workpiece 4 will obtain too large a transverse component of force (when the transverse dimension of the centering groove 116 is constant). This excessive component of force will in turn affect the edge of the workpiece 4 (in contact with the inclined surface or curved surface). The edge of the workpiece 4) forms an excessive impact, which is not conducive to the workpiece 4 smoothly entering the working hole 114 from the centering groove 116 (it may happen that the workpiece 4 contacts the centering groove 116 on one side, and then the lateral separation is too large, resulting in an excessive lateral relative speed. The workpiece 4 does not have time to enter the working hole 114 and crosses the working hole 114. The workpiece 4 contacts the centering groove 116 on the other side, resulting in centering failure). A maximum depth that is too large will also cause the combined thickness of the workpiece 4 and the working hole 114 to be too small, resulting in excessively high requirements on the strength of the workpiece 4 or the working hole 114. Once the strength requirement is not met, it is bound to be damaged. Based on this consideration, the inventor has made a setting that 1 / 20 of the thickness of the workpiece 4 ≤ the maximum depth of the centering groove 116 ≤ 1 / 2 of the thickness of the workpiece 4

[0080] It should also be noted that the centering groove 116 is shaped as a rotational structure about the rotation axis 112. This ensures that the force applied to the workpiece 4 is consistent at any position equidistant from the rotation axis 112, maintaining operational reliability. The longitudinal cross-section of the centering groove 116 can be trapezoidal (as shown, the centering groove 116 is a portion of a cone), parabolic, or other shapes, as long as it meets the aforementioned depth variation (gradually decreasing away from the rotation axis 112).

[0081] When the centering groove 116 is a conical surface, as shown in FIG11 , the angle between the generatrix on the two opposite sides of the centering groove 116 is α, and α ≥ 120°. This angle range is meaningful when the workpiece 4 is the nut end of a nut 41 or a screw 42. Common nut ends 41 or screw 42 have a 30° chamfer at their edges, and the angle between the two chamfered edges in their longitudinal section (the longitudinal section through the axis) is 120°. Therefore, α ≥ 120° ensures that the generatrix and the chamfered edges are in close contact (when α = 120°, the conical surface of the centering groove 116 and the chamfered surface are in surface contact, increasing the contact area and reducing the wear on the workpiece 4 during the centering process). Alternatively, the generatrix contacts the edge line of the nut 41 and the edge line of the nut end of the screw 42, thereby ensuring that the centering groove 116 has a wide range of applicability (it can be used for centering nuts 41 or nut ends 421 of bolts with chamfers less than 30°).

[0082] Another structure of the centering groove 116 may be that the centering groove 116 has a guide surface 1162, as shown in Figures 5 to 7, the guide surface 1162 is parallel to the rotation axis 112 and gradually extends from the distal end (far from the rotation axis 112) to the side of the working hole 114 away from the distal end. At this time, as the rotating guide surface 1162 of the centering sleeve 11 is always pressed against the side of the workpiece 4 from the side, the guide surface 1162 applies a lateral force (i.e., the centripetal force mentioned above) to the workpiece 4 that is always directed toward the axis of the working hole 114, and the centering sleeve 11 continues to rotate. The portion of the guide surface 1162 that is in close contact with the workpiece 4 gradually transitions from the distal end to the side of the working hole 114 away from the distal end. When transitioning to this position (taking into account factors such as manufacturing, assembly errors, and the convenience of centering, more accurately speaking, it transitions to the adjacent position up to this point), the workpiece 4 can be directly opposite the working hole 114 in the horizontal direction. At this time, driven by the weight of the handheld device (with the sleeve attached) and / or the hand force applied by the user, the workpiece 4 slides into the working hole 114, and rapid and accurate centering is completed at this time, so that the workpiece 4 and the centering sleeve 11 can be quickly coupled and torque can be transmitted.

[0083] Another structure of the centering groove 116 may also have the above-mentioned inclined surface (or curved surface) and a guide surface 1162 parallel to the rotation axis 112. In this case, a greater centripetal force can be generated, or the curvature of the guide surface 1162 and / or the inclination of the inclined surface can be reduced while achieving the same centripetal force. Under the action of at least one of the weight of the handheld device (with the sleeve attached), the hand force applied by the user, and the driven rotational force, the inclined surface or curved surface applies an oblique reaction force to the workpiece 4, and the reaction force has a component force pointing to the working hole 114. At this time, the centering groove 116 includes a bottom surface 1161 and a guide surface 1162. The bottom surface 1161 is a flat surface perpendicular to the rotation axis 112, or the depth of the bottom surface 1161 gradually decreases in the direction away from the rotation axis 112.

[0084] The centripetal force may have only a lateral component, without applying an oblique force to the workpiece 4, so that the workpiece 4 is subjected to minimal force under the premise of being driven to center, thereby avoiding wear or even damage to the workpiece 4 caused by excessive force (especially in the early stage of coupling or the late stage of decoupling, the combined length of the workpiece 4 and the working hole 114 is small, the force is greatly increased, and the stress increases suddenly). At this time, the bottom surface 1161 is a flat surface perpendicular to the rotation axis 112, and the guide surface 1162 is basically parallel to the rotation axis 112 and gradually extends from the distal end to the side of the working hole 114 away from the distal end, that is, the guide surface 1162 extends from the distal end in a spiral direction in the transverse direction, and only a lateral centripetal force is applied to the workpiece 4 through the side of the guide surface 1162, guiding the centering process of the workpiece 4 with minimal driving force.

[0085] It should also be noted that one structure of the centering groove 116 is a circular groove (the projection in the cross section perpendicular to the rotation axis 112 is the prototype), the guide surface 1162 has a tangent end 1163 tangent to the working hole 114, and the distance to the rotation axis R gradually increases in the direction away from the tangent end 1163.

[0086] The inventors also discovered that, under the premise that only the guide surface 1162 provides the lateral centripetal force, the centering groove 116 is bound to be offset (the central axis X of the centering groove 116 maintains a certain distance from the rotation axis 112). At this time, the mass and moment of inertia of the side with the centering groove 116 are relatively small relative to the side without the centering groove 116. Therefore, when the centering sleeve 11 rotates, the existence of the centering groove 116 causes the moment of inertia of the centering sleeve 11 to be unevenly distributed and the rotation is unstable. Based on this consideration, the inventors designed a dynamic balancing adjustment structure 117 in the abutment 115 to balance the uneven distribution of the moment of inertia caused by the weight reduction corresponding to the centering groove 116, so that the centering sleeve 11 can rotate smoothly.

[0087] One arrangement of dynamic balancing structures 117 is to have multiple structures, with their size increasing as they move away from centering groove 116. Specifically, the closer the structure is to (the central axis of) centering groove 116, the more sparsely distributed the structure becomes, while the farther the structure is from centering groove 116, the more densely distributed the structure becomes. This arrangement balances the uneven distribution of moment of inertia. Dynamic balancing structures 117 are weight-reducing structures, such as the weight-reducing holes shown in Figures 5 to 7.

[0088] When using the aforementioned centering grooves 116 of uniform depth, excessive or insufficient depth of the centering grooves 116 can also lead to the aforementioned undesirable variable depth effect. To avoid this, the inventors have devised a design whereby the depth of the centering groove 116 is 1 / 20 of the thickness of the workpiece 4 ≤ 1 / 2 of the thickness of the workpiece 4 . As a more specific solution, the depth of the centering groove 116 is 1 / 5 of the thickness of the workpiece 4 .

[0089] The end of the abutment portion 115 extends laterally outward to form an abutment plane 1151, which is perpendicular to the rotation axis 112. As described above, the end of the working hole 114 facing away from the centering groove 116 is closed or at least closed to form a stopper 1141 to limit the position of the workpiece 4 inserted therein; the depth from the end of the abutment portion 115 facing the centering groove 116 to the stopper 1141 is greater than or equal to the thickness of the workpiece 4 + the depth of the centering groove 116, so that after the workpiece 4 is inserted into the working hole 114 (located between the opening 1142 of the working hole 114 and the stopper 1141 along the depth direction of the working hole 114), the abutment portion 115 can always be in close contact with the surface of a part 5 (the workpiece 4 moves relative to the part 5, and the part 5 is stationary relative to the centering sleeve 11), thereby providing a stable support for the operation of the centering sleeve 11. On the basis of the abutment plane 1151, a stable support surface is formed, which is conducive to stable operation.

[0090] After the workpiece 4 is inserted into the working hole 114 , the abutting surface 1151 is kept in close contact with the surface 51 of the part to which the workpiece 4 is locked due to its own weight and / or the force applied by the user.

[0091] The variable-depth centering groove 116 is coaxial with the working hole 114, and the equal-depth centering groove 116 is eccentric (not coaxial with the working hole 114). Therefore, under the premise that other conditions are the same, the structure of the variable-depth centering groove 116 makes the lateral dimension of the abutment 115 smaller than that of the equal-depth centering groove 116. When the abutment 115 is disc-shaped, the diameter is smaller.

[0092] It should also be noted that a slide-in portion 118 is provided at the intersection of the centering groove 116 and the working hole 114 to facilitate the switching of the workpiece 4 between the centering groove 116 and the working hole 114. This slide-in portion 118 allows the workpiece 4 to slide quickly into the working hole 114 during centering, once its edges fall within the range defined by the slide-in portion 118. Similarly, this also facilitates the decoupling of the centering sleeve 11 from the workpiece 4. As shown in the figure, the slide-in portion 118 is chamfered. Of course, in order to ensure the combined length of the workpiece 4 and the working hole 114, the sliding part may not be provided, especially the scheme of the variable-depth centering groove 116, and the variable-depth centering groove 116 has a better centering effect than the equal-depth centering groove 116 (for the variable-depth centering groove 116, as long as the workpiece 4 is located in the centering groove 116, it will receive pressure from the inclined surface or curved surface, that is, it will generate a centripetal force to push the workpiece toward the working hole 114; for the equal-depth centering groove 116, the workpiece 4 may separate from the guide surface 1162 during the movement, and as the two continue to move relative to each other, the workpiece 4 will contact another position of the guide surface 1162. In the time interval between the above-mentioned separation and contact, the workpiece 4 will not be subjected to the centripetal force pushed toward the working hole 114), so the sliding part may not be involved.

[0093] The torque output assembly 1 may also include a first thrust member 12, located within the working hole 114 and configured to push the workpiece 4 inserted therein toward the power output end 113. The first thrust member 12 is an elastic member (shown as a cylindrical coil spring, but alternatively, it may be a pagoda spring, wave spring, disc spring, elastic pad, or gas spring). The first elastic end of the first thrust member 12 is fixed to the end of the working hole 114 facing the power input end 111, while the second elastic end of the first thrust member 12 is movable along the depth of the working hole 114. Under the action of the first thrust member 12, the workpiece 4 within the working hole 114 is constantly subjected to the thrust of the first thrust member 12, thereby maintaining elastic contact. In addition, when more than two torque output assemblies 1 are used in combination to output torque to two workpieces 4, the first thrust piece 12 in the centering sleeve 11 is compressed to different degrees, which can be suitable for scenarios where the workpieces 4 are of different heights. The higher workpiece 4 enters the working hole 114 to a greater depth, and the corresponding first thrust piece 12 is compressed more; the lower workpiece 4 enters the working hole 114 to a lesser depth, and the corresponding first thrust piece 12 is compressed less.

[0094] When the workpiece 4 is rotated, it has a longitudinal displacement relative to the centering sleeve 11 (for example, the workpiece 4 is a nut 41 or the nut end 421 of a bolt, and as the workpiece 4 is locked, the root of its working hole 114 moves toward the opening 1142). At this time, the thrust of the first thrust piece 12 on the workpiece 4 becomes particularly important. This thrust helps force the centering sleeve 11 and the workpiece 4 to separate from each other, avoiding or at least reducing the friction resistance between the two due to the relative longitudinal displacement, protecting the workpiece 4 and the inner surface of the working hole 114, and improving the service life.

[0095] Furthermore, when the first thrust member 12 is free, the distance between the second elastic end of the first thrust member 12 and the end surface of the power output end 113 is less than the thickness of the workpiece 4. That is, even in the decoupled state, the first thrust member 12 can still apply thrust to the workpiece 4, facilitating its removal from the working hole 114. Of course, the distance between the second elastic end of the first thrust member 12 and the end surface of the power output end 113 should not be too small, as this may hinder the workpiece 4 during coupling.

[0096] The second aspect of the embodiment of the present invention discloses a wrench 1-1-1, see Figure 20, which is suitable for tightening or loosening a nut 41 or the nut end 421 of a bolt, and includes a power mechanism 1-2 and any of the above-mentioned torque output assemblies 1. The power mechanism 1-2 drives the centering sleeve 11 to rotate around the rotation axis 112, and the working hole 114 cooperates with the nut end of the nut 41 or the screw 42. Since the structure, working principle, working process, and beneficial effects of the torque output assembly 1 have been fully and thoroughly described, the wrench 1-1-1 using any of the above-mentioned torque output assemblies 1 also has the same working principle, working process, and beneficial effects, and will not be repeated. The wrench 1-1-1 using the torque output assembly 1 can be of any type, so that the wrench 1-1-1 has the above-mentioned "centering" and other effects.

[0097] The inventors also found that in order to ensure a larger deflection amount so as to cover more workpieces laterally (the workpiece 4 that deviates laterally from the rotation axis R can be guided to the working hole 114 during centering), it is necessary to increase the deflection gap 17. However, if the deflection gap 17 is too large, it will at least cause frequent and high impacts between the power output shaft 13 and the power input end 111. The impact is very likely to damage the impact part, and the impact part undergoes plastic deformation, resulting in connection failure. Based on this consideration, the inventors sought a solution to meet the requirements of a larger deflection amount without increasing the deflection gap 17. One solution is that the power mechanism 1-2 is flexibly connected to the bracket 2 to allow the power mechanism 1-2 to deflect laterally relative to the bracket 2. A specific way of flexible connection can be that the bracket 2 is connected to the elastic member 21 through a connecting bolt 22, and the elastic member 21 is connected to the housing 1-2-1 of the power mechanism (or another connecting bolt). The elastic member 21 can be a spring, an elastic pad, etc. As shown in the figure, the elastic member 21 is an elastic pad, and there are four elastic members 21, which are evenly arranged circumferentially around the rotation axis R. Of course, there can also be three or more elastic members. The elastic member 21 can also be a single elastic member, which is coaxial with the power output shaft 13 in the free state. However, compared with a multiple elastic member, it should have a larger lateral dimension to obtain substantially equal lateral stiffness (the degree of lateral allowable deflection).

[0098] In addition, the wrench 1-1-1 can also be an impact wrench 1-1-1, and the power mechanism 1-2 drives the centering sleeve 11 to intermittently rotate around the rotation axis 112. This is suitable for the scenario of intermittent torque transmission.

[0099] The inventors have discovered that under certain working conditions, it is necessary to simultaneously output torque to at least two workpieces 4 that are fixed in relative position. For example, in the railway transportation industry, the spacing between fastener bolts on sleepers is constant (without considering the premise that the spacing between fastener bolts on the same sleeper is constant even when turning). Therefore, the fastener bolts with a constant spacing can be operated simultaneously at multiple locations to improve working efficiency. Based on this consideration, the third aspect of the embodiment of the present invention discloses a torque output mechanism 1-1, see Figures 25 and 26, which includes:

[0100] Any of the above-mentioned torque output assemblies 1, there are at least two torque output assemblies 1, and they are installed on the same bracket 2;

[0101] The power output shaft 13, the power input end 111 is movably mounted on the power output shaft 13 along the rotation axis 112 or in a direction parallel to the rotation axis 112;

[0102] The second thrust member 14 is located between the power output shaft 13 and the centering sleeve 11 , and is used to generate a thrust to separate the power output shaft 13 from the centering sleeve 11 .

[0103] Since the structure, working principle, working process, and beneficial effects of the torque output assembly 1 have been fully and thoroughly described, the wrench 1-1-1 using any of the above-mentioned torque output assemblies 1 also has the same working principle, working process, and beneficial effects, and will not be described again. The wrench 1-1-1 using the torque output assembly 1 can be of any type so that the wrench 1-1-1 has the above-mentioned "centering" and other effects. At the same time, the power output shaft 13 is movable relative to the centering sleeve 11 in the longitudinal direction (in a direction parallel to or overlapping with the rotation axis 112), so that it can be applied to the situation where the heights of multiple workpieces 4 are uneven. The higher workpiece 4 compresses the second thrust member 14 more, and the lower workpiece 4 compresses the second thrust member 14 less, so that torque can be output to multiple workpieces 4 at the same time.

[0104] More advantageously, the torque output assembly 1 may adopt a method of combining the first thrust member 12 with the second thrust member 14 , thereby being applicable to multiple workpieces 4 with a greater height difference.

[0105] By providing at least two torque output assemblies 1 , each torque output assembly 1 can output torque to one workpiece 4 , thus enabling multi-station implementation.

[0106] It should also be noted that at least two torque output assemblies 1 are evenly arranged around a central axis. This central axis may coincide with the rotation axis 112. This creates a configuration where the at least two torque output assemblies 1 are evenly distributed around the rotation axis 112, with the rotation axis 112 as the center. This creates a reasonable center of gravity arrangement and facilitates operation.

[0107] The inventors also discovered that the rails are fixed by fasteners on the left and right sides, and the fasteners are fixed to the sleepers by fastener bolts. In order to improve the assembly efficiency of the fastener bolts, the applicant has filed a patent application with the authorization announcement number CN217861019U. After use, at least the following technical problems exist: the distance between the two sleeves of the double-headed working bolt wrench is fixed, which can only be applied when the distance between the fastener bolts is basically uniform. However, due to various reasons such as assembly, the distance deviation between the two fastener bolts on the left and right sides of the rail is actually relatively large. In this case, the two fastener bolts cannot be simultaneously installed in the sleeve of the utility model, making the operation of this solution difficult or even impossible. Given this invention concept, the fourth aspect of the embodiment of the present invention discloses a wrench 1-1-1, see Figures 20 and 24, which includes a power mechanism 1-2 and any of the above-mentioned torque output mechanisms 1-1, the power mechanism 1-2 drives the power output shaft 13 to rotate around the rotation axis 112; the working hole 114 cooperates with the nut end of the nut 41 or the screw 42. The wrench 1-1-1 has the characteristics of any of the above-mentioned torque output mechanisms 1-1, and will not be described again.

[0108] The torque output mechanism 1-1 also includes a power output shaft 13, and the power input end is movably mounted on the power output shaft 13 along the rotation axis 112 or in a direction parallel to the rotation axis 112; the power mechanism 1-2 drives the power output shaft 13 to rotate around the rotation axis 112, and the power mechanism 1-2 is flexibly connected to the bracket 2 to allow the power mechanism 1-2 to swing laterally relative to the bracket 2. Through the setting of this flexible structure, the power mechanism 1-2 together with the power output shaft 13 and the centering sleeve 11 behind the power mechanism 1-2 (behind the transmission path) can swing relative to the bracket 2. This flexible connection structure allows the distance between at least two sleeves 11 to change with the position of the fastener bolts (including the screw 42 shown in Figure 26 and the nut 41 that cooperates with the screw 42). Therefore, when the position deviation between the fastener bolts (due to various errors such as installation) is relatively large, the centering groove 116 of the centering sleeve 11 can guide at least two screws 42 with larger position deviations and the nut 41 that cooperates with the screw 42 into the working hole 114, and then the power mechanism 1-2 starts to drive the power output shaft 13 and the centering sleeve 11 to rotate in turn, thereby realizing the pre-tightening or loosening of multiple fastener bolts with deviations in distance at the same time, thereby improving the working efficiency.

[0109] The inventors also found that in order to ensure a larger deflection amount so as to cover more workpieces in the lateral direction (the workpiece 4 that deviates laterally from the rotation axis R can be guided to the working hole 114 during centering, and the situation where the axes of at least two workpieces 4 are not parallel during torque transmission), it is necessary to increase the deflection gap 17. However, if the deflection gap 17 is too large, it will at least cause frequent and high impacts between the power output shaft 13 and the power input end 111. The impact is very likely to damage the impact part, and the impact part will undergo plastic deformation and cause connection failure. Based on this consideration, the inventors sought a solution to meet the requirements of a larger deflection amount without increasing the deflection gap 17. As shown in Figures 20, 21 and 22, the power mechanism 1-2 is flexibly connected to the bracket 2 to allow the power mechanism 1-2 to deflect laterally relative to the bracket 2. A specific way of flexible connection can be that the bracket 2 is connected to the elastic member 21 through a connecting bolt 22, and the elastic member 21 is connected to the housing 1-2-1 of the power mechanism (or another connecting bolt). The elastic member 21 can be a spring, an elastic pad, etc. As shown in the figure, the elastic member 21 is an elastic pad, and there are four elastic members 21, which are evenly arranged circumferentially around the rotation axis R. Of course, there can also be three or more elastic members. The elastic member 21 can also be a single elastic member, which is coaxial with the power output shaft 13 in the free state. However, compared with a multiple elastic member, it should have a larger lateral dimension to obtain substantially equal lateral stiffness (the degree of lateral allowable deflection).

[0110] The power mechanism 1-2 can be a motor powered by a rechargeable battery 1-2-2, and the motor drives the power output shaft through a reducer (such as a planetary gear reducer). This is a conventional setting, so it will not be described in detail.

[0111] The wrench 1-1-1 employing the torque output mechanism 1-1 is an impact wrench 1-1-1. The power mechanism 1-2 drives the power output shaft 13 to intermittently rotate about the rotation axis 112. A structure of a wrench 1-1-1 employing this torque output assembly 1 can be found in the utility model patent previously applied for and authorized by the applicant (authorization publication number CN217861019U), which is also an impact wrench 1-1-1.

[0112] It should also be noted that the first thrust member 12 needs to occupy a certain volume of the working hole 114 in the depth direction. Therefore, the depth of the working hole 114 should be sufficient, and its minimum depth should meet ≥ the length of the first thrust member 12 in the free state + 19 / 20 of the thickness of the workpiece 4.

[0113] It should be further explained that a certain distance is maintained between the first thrust member 12 and the inner wall of the working hole 114 to allow the first thrust member 12 to move or freely extend and retract relative to the inner wall of the working hole 114. Furthermore, when a cylindrical coil spring is used as the first thrust member 12, the longitudinal cavity 121 within the cylindrical coil spring is significant for the following operating conditions: when the nut 41 is tightened, the screw 42 mating with the nut 41 can enter the longitudinal cavity 121. In other words, the diameter of the longitudinal cavity 121 should be larger than the outer diameter of the screw 42 mating with the nut 41, and the outer diameter of the cylindrical coil spring should be smaller than the outer diameter of the nut 41.

[0114] It should also be noted that the second thrust member 14 is any one of a pagoda spring, a wave spring, a cylindrical coil spring, a disc spring, an elastic pad, and a gas spring. The second thrust member 14 is a pagoda spring, the small end of which abuts the power output shaft 13. A space is formed between the small end of the pagoda spring and the centering sleeve 11, into which other moving parts can enter. The large end of the pagoda spring abuts the centering sleeve 11.

[0115] The power output shaft 13 and / or the power input end 111 are formed with a guide structure to guide the longitudinal movement (in a direction coinciding with or parallel to the rotation axis 112 ) between the centering sleeve 11 and the power input end 111 .

[0116] The guide structure is formed with a swing gap 17 to allow the centering sleeve 11 to swing laterally (perpendicular to the cross section of the power transmission path of the power output shaft 13 and the centering sleeve 11) relative to the power output shaft 13. For example, a universal joint with a lateral limit can be set between the power output shaft 13 and the centering sleeve 11. Due to the existence of the swing gap 17, the centering sleeve 11 is allowed to swing laterally to a certain extent relative to the power output shaft 13. The allowed swing is conducive to the centering action of the workpiece 4 (the workpiece 4 enters the working hole 114 from the centering groove 116). The specific reason is that the centering sleeve 11 can swing outward laterally (relative to the power output shaft 13) by a certain angle, and the deviation distance of the far end of the centering groove 116 from the rotation axis 112 makes the centering sleeve 11 rotate (rotate around the rotation axis 112) at the same time. When the centering sleeve 11 is rotated, the centering groove 116 can cover a larger radius, so that the workpiece 4 that is farther from the axis of the power output shaft 13 can be covered in the centering groove 116, thereby increasing the range of the workpiece 4 "collected" by the centering groove 116; from another perspective, the lateral extension of the centering groove 116 can also be reduced accordingly (the above-mentioned deflection allows the distance or angle between the rotation axis 112 and the axis of the power output shaft 13 to be appropriately reduced), thereby reducing the lateral extension length of the abutment 115, especially the lateral extension of the abutment 115 with equal depth (compared with the abutment 115 of the variable depth centering groove 116) is larger, the lateral extension of the abutment 115 is small, the volume is small, the weight is reduced, and the above-mentioned uneven distribution of the moment of inertia is also reduced.

[0117] As described above, the deflection trajectory of the centering sleeve 11 relative to the power output shaft 13 can be a conical surface (the surface shape formed after the rotation axis 112 deflects one circle along the deflection trajectory); of course, the centering sleeve 11 can deflect relative to the power output shaft 13 within a deflection cross-section, and the rotation axis 112 is located within the deflection cross-section. At this time, structurally, as shown in the figure, the power output shaft 13 and the power input end 111 are connected by a positioning member 15, and the positioning member 15 is fixed in a limiting hole 1112 formed in the power input end 111. It should be noted that the positioning member 15 only has a limiting function and does not transmit torque. To achieve this purpose, the size of the deflection gap 17 is used. That is, after the deflection, when the centering sleeve 11 and the power output shaft 13 are circumferentially limited (to meet the conditions for transmitting torque), a certain gap is still left between the positioning member 15 and the power output shaft 13, and between the positioning member 15 and the power input end 111.

[0118] One connection mode in which the centering sleeve 11 is movable longitudinally relative to the power output shaft 13 is that the end of the power output shaft 13 near the centering sleeve 11 forms a stroke adjustment end 131, and the stroke adjustment end 131 is constructed with a stroke adjustment groove 132 extending along its own axial direction; the positioning member 15 is slidably installed in the stroke adjustment groove 132. In the initial state, as shown in the figure, the second thrust member 14 applies a thrust, and the positioning member 15 drives the centering sleeve 11 to move to the bottom dead center (the positioning member 15 abuts the end of the stroke adjustment groove 132 facing the power output end 113); during operation, as the centering sleeve 11 is subjected to pressure from the workpiece 4 or part 5, it moves upward, thereby compressing the second thrust member 14. When the operation is completed, the pressure is released and the centering sleeve 11 returns to its initial state under the action of the second thrust member 14.

[0119] The stroke adjustment end 131 needs to withstand torque during operation. Therefore, in order to ensure its strength, there are at least two stroke adjustment grooves 132 and they are not through-through in the horizontal direction. The first end 151 of the positioning member is laterally fitted with a clearance between the stroke adjustment groove 132, and the second end 152 of the positioning member is fixed in the limiting hole 1112. The first end 151 of the positioning member can be spherical. The contact between the first end 151 of the positioning member and the adjustment groove only serves as a longitudinal limit and is not subject to torque. The torque is transmitted by the connection between the power output shaft 13 and the power input end 111. As shown in the figure, the stroke adjustment end 131 forms a square cross-section, and the power input end 111 forms a square hole 1111 that matches the gap in the square cross-section (the gap corresponds to the above-mentioned runout gap 17). The torque is transmitted through the combination of the square cross-section and the square hole 1111. In this case, there are at least two positioning members 15. When installed, they need to be installed separately from the outer ends of the limiting holes 1112. One structure of the positioning member 15 is a top screw.

[0120] Another structure of the stroke adjustment groove 132 is that there are two stroke adjustment grooves 132 and they are horizontally connected to form a stroke adjustment hole 133. The positioning member 15 is laterally fitted with the stroke adjustment hole 133. At this time, there is only one positioning member 15, which only needs to be installed once, and the assembly process is simple.

[0121] The wrench 1-1-1 may also include a limiter 16 (such as an O-ring) that allows elastic deformation in the lateral direction. The limiter 16 is fixed to the power input end 111. As shown in the figure, a limiter groove 119 extending laterally (annularly) is provided on the outer peripheral side of the power input end 111. The limiter 16 is sleeved in the limiter groove 119. The limiter hole 1112 and the limiter groove 119 are at least partially connected. The figure shows that the two are at the same height. Of course, there may be a small deviation in the height of the two. As long as it can be ensured that the limiter hole 1112 and the limiter groove 119 are at least partially connected, and the limiter hole 1112 is at least partially blocked from the outside, the positioning member 15 is constrained in the limit position. The positioning member 15 is prevented from falling out of the limiting hole 1112, especially when the adjustment hole is formed as a transverse through structure, it is more meaningful for the limiting member 16 to allow lateral deformation. At this time, the limiting member 16 can use an optical axis that passes through the limiting hole 1112, and the optical axis is directly clearance-fitted in the adjustment hole. When the limiting member 16 is subjected to axial force (due to manufacturing and assembly errors when transmitting torque), it can move freely in the axial direction until it is constrained by the limiting member 16 that allows elastic deformation in the lateral direction. Under this constraint, when the axial force is reduced or disappears, the limiting member 16 resets the positioning member 15, thereby avoiding damage or deformation due to the axial force.

[0122] The inventors also discovered that it takes a certain amount of time to center the workpiece 4 (from the centering groove 116 sliding into the working hole 114). If the centering sleeve 11 uses the same speed as the torque transmission stage during the centering stage, the excessively fast speed during the centering stage will cause the workpiece 4 to not be able to center in time, and the centering groove 116 will be misaligned with the workpiece 4 (especially the structure where the centering groove 116 is offset relative to the rotation axis 112), resulting in centering failure. At the same time, the excessively fast speed will cause serious impact on the workpiece 4, the centering groove 116 and the working hole 114, which may damage the contact position and cause damage to the part 5. Based on the above considerations, the speed V is used during the centering stage. 定心 Drive centering sleeve 11, in the torque transmission stage to transfer V 作业 Drive centering sleeve 11, V 定心 <V 作业 , to avoid the occurrence of the above problems, thereby ensuring effective centering and each part 5 is not damaged, ensuring service life.

[0123] In addition, it should be noted that, as shown in Figures 23 and 24, when the workpiece 4 is a connecting piece for fixing the rail 9, it includes a screw 42 and a nut 41 threadedly matched with the screw 42. At this time, the part 5 is a fastener (applied to the rail).

[0124] A fifth aspect of the embodiments of the present invention discloses a method for controlling any of the above-mentioned wrenches 1-1-1, comprising the steps of:

[0125] During the working process from the time when the workpiece 4 abuts against the centering groove 116 or the nut 41 is engaged with the working hole 114 to the time when the workpiece 4 completely enters the working hole 114 (i.e., in the centering stage mentioned above), the centering sleeve 11 first moves at a speed V 定心 rotation;

[0126] In the torque transmission stage, the speed V 作业 Rotation, V 定心 <V 作业 The control method may be implemented with the aid of a computer program, such as by running the computer program on the processor 3 or other processors 3 .

[0127] A logic for determining the centering stage and the torque transmission stage is based on the detected position of the workpiece 4 relative to the centering sleeve 11 (detected by various position detection sensors 61, such as contact switches, displacement sensors, etc.), to distinguish the centering stage and the torque transmission stage. See FIG. 27 , specifically:

[0128] If the workpiece 4 abuts against the centering groove 116 and has not yet entered the working hole 114, the workpiece 4 is still in the centering stage. The centering sleeve 11 is driven at a lower speed V 定心 If the workpiece 4 is stuck in the working hole 114, the workpiece 4 has entered the working hole 114, the workpiece 4 is in the torque transmission stage, and the centering sleeve 11 is driven at a higher speed V 作业 Rotate.

[0129] Another logic for determining the centering phase and the torque transmission phase is to delay control (via the timer 62), that is, the centering sleeve 11 is rotated at a speed V 定心 Rotation time T 定 心 (e.g. 1 second), see Figure 28, at a speed of V 作业 Rotate.

[0130] Another logic for determining the centering stage and the torque transmission stage is as follows, referring to FIG. 29 , based on the rotation number control of the centering sleeve 11, the centering sleeve 11 first rotates at a speed V 定 心 Rotate N×180° (where N is the number of the centering grooves 116 in the circumferential direction. The figure shows a case where the number of the centering grooves 116 with varying depths in the circumferential direction is one. The number of rotations can be realized by a rotation angle detection sensor 63 such as a rotary encoder that can detect the rotation angle), and then rotate at a speed V 作业 Rotation, N is a positive integer.

[0131] The inventors have found that if the above-mentioned wrench 1-1-1 is operated entirely by hand, it increases user fatigue and requires too high a level of user proficiency. Based on this, a fifth aspect of an embodiment of the present invention discloses a wrench assembly 1-1-1-1, as shown in Figures 23 and 24, which includes:

[0132] Any of the above wrenches 1-1-1;

[0133] The rail vehicle 7 includes a frame 71 and running wheels 72 rotatably mounted on the frame 71 , and the frame 71 is driven to move along the rail by the rolling of the running wheels 72 along the rail;

[0134] Connecting assembly, the bracket 2 can be installed on the rail car 7 in a vertical working posture and / or a horizontal working posture through the connecting assembly, so as to keep the above-mentioned wrench 1-1-1 in a vertical state (the centering sleeve 11 is vertical, and the centering groove 116 is located at the lower end) and a horizontal state (the centering sleeve 11 is horizontal), respectively. The vertical working posture can be used to operate the fastener bolts, and the horizontal working posture can be used to operate the bolts / nuts 41 at the connection between the two rail joints.

[0135] In order to keep the wrench 1-1-1 in a vertical working state, one structure of the connecting assembly is that it includes a plug-in column 81 and a rotating cylinder 82. The plug-in column 81 is fixed to the bracket 2 or the frame 71, and correspondingly, the rotating cylinder 82 is fixed to the frame 71 or the bracket 2; the plug-in column 81 is rotatably mounted in the rotating cylinder 82 along a vertical axis. By installing the plug-in column 81 into the rotating cylinder 82, the plug-in column 81 can rotate freely around the vertical axis, thereby adjusting the position of the wrench 1-1-1 in the horizontal plane. Of course, the figure also shows that the plug-in column 81 is escalably mounted to the frame 71 via a connecting rod mechanism 73 for adjusting the height of the wrench 1-1-1, which will not be repeated.

[0136] In order to keep the wrench 1-1-1 in a vertical working state, one structure of the connecting assembly is that it can suspend the plug post 81 below the frame 71 through a flexible member (such as a rope).

[0137] The processor may include one or more processing cores. The processor utilizes various interfaces and lines to connect various parts of the entire server, and executes various server functions and processes data by running or executing instructions, programs, code sets, or instruction sets stored in memory, as well as calling data stored in memory. Optionally, the processor may be implemented in the form of at least one hardware component selected from digital signal processing (DSP), field-programmable gate array (FPGA), and programmable logic array (PLA). The processor may integrate one or a combination of a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), and a modem. The CPU primarily processes the operating system, user interface graphics, and application programs; the GPU is responsible for rendering and drawing the content to be displayed on the display; and the modem is used to handle wireless communications. It is understood that the modem may not be integrated into the processor and may be implemented separately on a single chip.

[0138] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of implementation methods, not every implementation method contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A torque output assembly, characterized in that: It comprises a centering sleeve, the centering sleeve having: A power input end capable of being driven to rotate about a rotation axis; Power output, where: An operating hole adapted to the outer contour of the workpiece is formed inside the power output end, the axis of the operating hole substantially coincides with the rotation axis, and the depth of the operating hole is greater than the thickness of the workpiece; The free end of the power output end extends laterally outward to form an abutment portion; The end surface of the abutment portion facing away from the power input end is recessed inwardly to form a centering groove; The depth of the centering groove is less than the thickness of the workpiece, the centering groove is connected with the working hole, and when the centering sleeve rotates, the centering groove applies a centripetal force to the workpiece to guide the workpiece into the working hole.

2. The torque output assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The depth of the centering groove gradually decreases along a direction away from the rotation axis.

3. The torque output assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that: The centering groove is coaxial with the working hole.

4. The torque output assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that: 1 / 20 of the thickness of the workpiece ≤ the maximum depth of the centering groove ≤ 1 / 2 of the thickness of the workpiece.

5. The torque output assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that: The centering groove is in the shape of a rotating structure with the rotation axis as an axis.

6. The torque output assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that: The centering groove is a part of the conical surface.

7. The torque output assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that: The shape of the centering groove is a conical surface, and the angle between the generatrixes on two opposite sides of the centering groove is α, and α≥120°.

8. The torque output assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The centering groove comprises: The bottom surface is a flat surface perpendicular to the rotation axis, or the depth of the bottom surface gradually decreases in a direction away from the rotation axis; The guide surface is substantially parallel to the rotation axis and gradually extends from the distal end to the side surface of the working hole away from the distal end.

9. The torque output assembly according to claim 8, characterized in that: The centering groove is a circular groove, and the guide surface has a tangent end tangent to the working hole.

10. The torque output assembly according to claim 9, characterized in that: The abutting portion has a dynamic balancing adjustment structure to balance the uneven distribution of the moment of inertia caused by the weight reduction corresponding to the centering groove.

11. The torque output assembly according to claim 10, characterized in that: There are multiple dynamic balance adjustment structures, and their distribution density gradually increases in a direction away from the centering groove.

12. The torque output assembly according to claim 11, characterized in that: The dynamic balance adjustment structure is a weight-reducing structure.

13. The torque output assembly according to claim 8, characterized in that: 1 / 20 of the thickness of the workpiece ≤ the depth of the centering groove ≤ 1 / 2 of the thickness of the workpiece.

14. The torque output assembly according to claim 13, characterized in that: The depth of the centering groove is 1 / 5 of the thickness of the workpiece.

15. The torque output assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that: The end of the abutment portion extends outwardly in a transverse direction to form an abutment plane, and the abutment plane is perpendicular to the rotation axis.

16. The torque output assembly according to claim 15, characterized in that: After the workpiece is inserted into the working hole, the abutment plane is kept in close contact with the surface of the part to be locked in the workpiece under its own weight and / or the force applied by the user.

17. The torque output assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that: The abutting portion is disc-shaped.

18. The torque output assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that: A sliding portion is provided at the junction of the centering groove and the working hole to facilitate the position switching of the workpiece between the centering groove and the working hole.

19. The torque output assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that: Also included is a first thrust member, wherein: The first thrust member is located in the working hole, and is used to push the workpiece stuck in the working hole toward the power output end.

20. The torque output assembly according to claim 19, characterized in that: The first thrust piece is an elastic piece, a first elastic end of the first thrust piece is fixed to the end of the working hole facing the power input end, and a second elastic end of the first thrust piece is movable along the depth direction of the working hole.

21. The torque output assembly according to claim 20, characterized in that: When the first thrust member is in a free state, a distance from the second elastic end of the first thrust member to an end surface of the power output end is less than a thickness of the workpiece.

22. A wrench, characterized in that: The invention comprises a bracket, a power mechanism and a torque output assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein: The power mechanism drives the centering sleeve to rotate around the rotation axis, and the power mechanism is flexibly connected to the bracket to allow the power mechanism to be laterally deflectable relative to the bracket; The working hole cooperates with the nut end of the nut or the screw.

23. The wrench according to claim 22, characterized in that The wrench is an impact wrench, and the power mechanism drives the centering sleeve to intermittently rotate around the rotation axis.

24. A torque output mechanism, characterized in that: include: The torque output assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein there are at least two torque output assemblies installed on the same bracket; A power output shaft, wherein the power input end is movably mounted on the power output shaft along the rotation axis or in a direction parallel to the rotation axis; The second thrust member is located between the power output shaft and the centering sleeve, and is used to generate a thrust to separate the power output shaft from the centering sleeve.

25. The torque output mechanism according to claim 24, characterized in that: The at least two torque output assemblies are evenly arranged around a central axis.

26. A wrench, characterized in that: The invention comprises a power mechanism and a torque output mechanism as claimed in claim 24 or 25, wherein: The power mechanism drives the power output shaft to rotate around the rotation axis, and the power mechanism is flexibly connected to the bracket to allow the power mechanism to be laterally deflectable relative to the bracket; The working hole cooperates with the nut end of the nut or the screw.

27. The wrench according to claim 26, characterized in that The wrench is an impact wrench, and the power mechanism drives the power output shaft to intermittently rotate around the rotation axis.

28. The wrench according to claim 27, characterized in that The second thrust member is any one of a pagoda spring, a wave spring, a cylindrical helical spring, a disc spring, an elastic pad, and a gas spring.

29. The wrench according to claim 28, characterized in that The second thrust member is a pagoda spring, the small end of the pagoda spring abuts against the power output shaft, and the large end of the pagoda spring abuts against the centering sleeve.

30. A wrench according to any one of claims 26 to 29, characterised in that The power output shaft and / or the power input end are formed with a guide structure so that: the power input end is movably mounted on the power output shaft along the rotation axis or in a direction parallel to the rotation axis; The guide structure is formed with a swing gap to allow the centering sleeve to swing in a lateral direction relative to the power output shaft.

31. The wrench according to claim 30, characterized in that The centering sleeve can deflect relative to the power output shaft in a deflection section, the rotation axis is located in the deflection section, the power output shaft is connected to the power input end through a positioning member, and the positioning member is fixed in a limiting hole formed at the power input end.

32. The wrench according to claim 31, characterized in that The end of the power output shaft close to the centering sleeve forms a stroke adjustment end, and the stroke adjustment end is constructed with a stroke adjustment groove extending along its own axial direction; The positioning member is slidably mounted on the stroke adjustment slot.

33. The wrench according to claim 32, characterized in that There are at least two stroke adjustment grooves which are not through in the transverse direction. The first end of the positioning member is laterally clearance-matched with the stroke adjustment groove, and the second end of the positioning member is spherical.

34. The wrench according to claim 32, characterized in that There are two stroke adjustment grooves which are transversely connected to form a stroke adjustment hole, and the positioning member is laterally fitted with the stroke adjustment hole.

35. The wrench of claim 31, wherein: It also includes a limiting member that allows elastic deformation in the lateral direction. The limiting member is fixed to the power input end and at least partially blocks the limiting hole from the outside.

36. The wrench of claim 30, wherein: Also included is a processor, the processor being configured to: In the centering stage, the centering sleeve is driven by the power mechanism at a speed V 定心 Rotation; In the torque transmission stage, the centering sleeve is driven by the power mechanism at a speed V 作业 Rotation, V 定心 <V 作业 .

37. A method for controlling a wrench according to any one of claims 26 to 36, characterized in that: Includes steps: During the centering phase, the centering sleeve is driven at a speed V 定心 Rotation; During the torque transmission phase, the centering sleeve is driven at a speed V 作业 Rotation, V 定心 <V 作业 .

38. The method for controlling a wrench according to claim 37, wherein the position of the workpiece is detected. If the workpiece abuts against the centering groove, the centering sleeve is driven at a speed V 定心 Rotation; If the workpiece is stuck in the working hole, the centering sleeve is driven at a speed V 作业 Rotate.

39. The method for controlling a wrench according to claim 37, characterized in that: Drive the centering sleeve at a speed V 定心 Rotation time T 定心 , then at speed V 作业 Rotate.

40. The method for controlling a wrench according to claim 37, characterized in that: The centering sleeve first moves at a speed V 定心 Rotate N×180°, then at speed V 作业 Rotation, N is a positive integer.

41. A wrench assembly, characterized in that: include: The wrench according to any one of claims 26 to 36; A rail vehicle comprises a frame and running wheels rotatably mounted on the frame, wherein the frame is driven to move along the rails by the rolling of the running wheels along the rails; A connecting assembly, through which the bracket can be mounted on the rail vehicle in a vertical working posture and / or a horizontal working posture.

42. The wrench assembly according to claim 41, characterized in that The connecting assembly comprises a plug post and a rotating cylinder, wherein: The plug post is fixed to the bracket or the frame, and correspondingly, the rotating cylinder is fixed to the frame or the bracket; The plug post is rotatably installed in the rotating cylinder along a vertical axis.

43. The wrench assembly according to claim 42, characterized in that The connection assembly also includes a flexible member, and the plug post is suspended below the frame through the flexible member.

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