Coating composition
The two-component coating composition addresses the challenge of high-temperature curing in automobile coatings by enabling low-temperature curing (80-120℃) and promoting the curing of underlying coatings, achieving energy-efficient and environmentally friendly results with excellent mechanical properties and appearance.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/127074
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-10-25
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-24
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-01
AI Technical Summary
Existing automobile coatings require high-temperature curing, which can cause deformation in lightweight substrates, and there is a need for energy-efficient and environmentally friendly low-temperature curing solutions.
A two-component (2K) coating composition comprising a first component with a hyperbranched resin and a catalyst, and a second component with an isocyanate hardener of low viscosity, allowing for curing at low temperatures (80-120℃) and promoting the curing of underlying coatings in a wet-on-wet process.
The 2K coating composition achieves comprehensive performance requirements for automotive coatings at low temperatures, reducing energy consumption and providing an environmentally friendly solution while ensuring excellent mechanical properties and appearance.
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2024127074-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2024127074-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2024127074-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
COATING COMPOSITION
[0001] INVENTION FIELD
[0002] The present invention relates to the field of coatings, specially to a two-component (2K) coating composition and a coating system comprising the 2K coating composition.BACKGROUND
[0003] In general, typical automobile coatings need to be cured by baking at a temperature above 140℃. With the expansion and development of automobile substrates, a “lightweight” substrate is used to replace metal substrates with heavier weight to improve the overall fuel efficiency of automobiles. However, such “lightweight” substrate can physically deform at high curing temperature, and thus there is a need to develop a coating which is curable at low-temperature. Moreover, energy conservation and environmental friendliness are always development trends in the coating field. Low temperature curable coatings also greatly reduce the energy consumption to provide environmentally friendly effect.
[0004] Therefore, developing of a coating suitable for low-temperature curing conditions has practical significance and excellent development prospect.SUMMARY
[0005] The inventors have conducted extensive research and developed a two-component (2K) coating composition that can be curable under low temperature conditions such as 80 to 120℃, and can form a coating meeting the comprehensive performance requirements of automotive coatings. In addition, the inventors surprisingly found that the coating composition can promote the curing of its underlying coating in a wet-on-wet process.
[0006] The present invention provides a 2K coating composition, comprising a first component comprising a hydroxyl group and a second component comprising an isocyanate group, wherein the first component comprises a hyperbranched resin and a catalyst, and the second component comprises a hardener with a viscosity of <3,000 mPa.s, as measured at room temperature.
[0007] The present invention further provides a compact coating system comprising the above-described 2K coating composition.
[0008] The present invention also provides a full-layer coating system, comprising the above-described 2K coating composition.
[0009] Further, the present invention provides a coated substrate, comprising a substrate and the above-described 2K coating composition / compact coating system / full-layer coating system applied on at least a part of the substrate.
[0010] Still further, the present invention provides use of the 2K coating composition for improving the curing of the coating therebelow.
[0011] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
[0012] FIG. 1 shows the infrared absorption spectra of a coating formed from a first basecoat composition alone (bottom) and a coating formed from the first basecoat composition in a full-layer coating system (top) .
[0013] DETAILED DISCRIPTION
[0014] In the present application, unless expressly stated otherwise, the use of singular comprises a plural and the use of a plural comprises a singular. For example, even though “a” resin is mentioned herein, one or more resin can be used.
[0015] In this application, the terms “comprise, ” “include, ” and “contain” or the like are not intended to limit the invention to exclude any variations or additions. In addition, although the present invention has described coating compositions, preparation method, or the like with terms such as “comprise” , the coating compositions, preparation methods, or the like as detailed herein can further be described as “consist essentially of” or “consist of. . . ” Herein, “consist essentially of” means that any additional components would not materially affect the properties of the coating layer formed from the coating composition.
[0016] In the present application, unless expressly stated otherwise, the use of “or” means “and / or” , even though “and / or” can be expressly used in some cases. Additionally, it should be understood that any numerical range described herein is intended to encompass all the sub-ranges contained therein. For example, a range of “1 to 10” is intended to comprise all the sub-ranges between (comprising the end values) the listed minimum value of 1 and the listed maximum value of 10, namely, all the sub-ranges with a minimum value of equal to or greater than 1 and a maximum value of equal to or less than 10.
[0017] Unless described in the examples or otherwise explicitly stated, it is to be understood that all numerical values representing the quantities of ingredients or the like as used in the description and claims can be varied in all substances as is modified with the term “about” . Accordingly, the numerical parameters set forth in the following description and claims are approximations that can vary depending upon the desired properties to be obtained by the present invention, unless otherwise indicated to be contrary. At the least, it is not intended to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of claims. Each numerical parameter should at least be interpreted based on significant figures and applied with ordinary rules of rounding.
[0018] Although the numerical ranges and parameters describing the broad scope of the present invention are approximations, the numerical values listed in the particular examples should be reported as precisely as possible. However, any one value inherently has a certain error, which is an inevitable consequence of standard deviation found in its corresponding measurement method.
[0019] As described above, the present invention relates to a 2K coating composition, comprising a first component comprising a hydroxyl group and a second component comprising an isocyanate group, wherein the first component comprises a hyperbranched resin and a catalyst, and the second component comprises a hardener with a viscosity of <3,000 mPa.s, as measured at room temperature.
[0020] Herein, the term “2K” , also called two-component, means that the constituent materials of the coating composition are divided into two components, i.e., indicating a coating composition in which the two components are packaged separately in two bags / cans, and mixed in an accurate proportion before use and cured to form a film.
[0021] The 2K coating composition according to the present invention can be a solvent-based composition. Herein, the term “solvent-based” means that the coating composition uses an organic solvent as the main dispersion medium.
[0022] The 2K basecoat composition according to the present invention can be a thermoset coating composition, i.e., the coating composition irreversibly forms a coating film by curing, which cannot be molten upon reheating and cannot be dissolved in a solvent. Herein, the term “cure / curing / cured” means that at least a portion of the ingredients of the coating composition are polymerized and / or cross-linked, or dried to form a hardened coating film.
[0023] The 2K coating composition according to the present invention can be curable under low-temperature curing conditions, such as 80-120℃. Suitably, the coating composition according to the present invention can be curable at 80 to 120℃ within 10 to 60 min. For example, the coating composition according to the present invention can be curable at 100-110℃ within 30 min. The "curable" means that after the coating composition is baked at a certain temperature for a period of time, the coating film formed has a MEK double wipe value of at least 50 times, suitably even at least 70 times. Suitably, the 2K coating composition according to the present invention can form a coating with a dry film thickness of 20 to 100 μm.
[0024] The coating composition according to the present invention can have a solid content of 5 to 60 wt%. Suitably, the coating composition according to the present invention can have a solid content of at least 10 wt%, at least 20 wt%, at least 30 wt%, at least 40 wt%, or at least 45 wt%. Herein, the solid content refers to the percentage of the remaining mass after evaporation of solvent in the coating composition to the total weight of the original coating composition. The first component of the coating composition according to the present invention can have a solid content of at least 40 wt%based on the total weight of the first component. The second component of the coating composition according to the present invention can have a solid content of 70-80 wt%based on the total weight of the second component.
[0025] The 2K coating composition according to the invention can be used as a clearcoat. Herein, “clearcoat” refers to a coating applied over a basecoat / primer and can be the outermost coating. The 2K coating composition according to the present invention can provide excellent comprehensive properties to meet various performance requirements of automotive clearcoats.
[0026] The 2K coating composition according to the present invention can be suitable for a compact coating system. Herein, the term "compact coating system" refers to a multi-layer (i.e., at least two layer) coating system applied via the wet-on-wet process, that is, the multiple coating layers are baked and cured in the same step. In the compact coating system, the 2K coating composition according to the invention can improve the cross-linking and curing of its underlying coating. The 2K coating composition according to the present invention can improve the cross-linking and curing of the coating layer located below and adjacent to it. Even more, the 2K coating composition according to the present invention can improve the cross-linking and curing of the coating layer located below it and not adjacent thereto. That is, under the same curing conditions, a multilayer coating comprising a basecoat layer and the 2K coating composition according to the invention applied thereon can be cured more fully as compared with the basecoat layer alone, or a multilayer coating comprising a basecoat layer and other coating composition applied thereon.
[0027] First Component
[0028] In the 2K coating composition of the present invention, the first component can comprise a resin component, a catalyst, optional additives and a solvent. The resin component mixed with the hardener in the second component undergoes a crosslinking to form a coating film.
[0029] The resin component in the first component comprises a hyperbranched resin. The hyperbranched resin can contain hydroxyl group. Suitably, the hyperbranched resin can comprise 5 to 60 mol%of OH groups based on the total amount of OH groups in the first component. The “total amount of OH groups in the first component” refers to the total moles of OH groups contained in the first component. The OH groups in the first component can originate from the resin component.
[0030] For example, the hyperbranched resin can comprise 10 mol%of OH groups, 15 mol%of OH groups, 20 mol%of OH groups, 25 mol%of OH groups, 30 mol%of OH groups, 35 mol%of OH groups, 40 mol%of OH groups, 45 mol%of OH groups, 50 mol%of OH groups, or 55 mol%of OH groups, based on the OH groups in the first component. Suitably, the hyperbranched resin can comprise 5 mol%of OH groups or more, 10 mol%of OH groups or more, 15 mol%of OH groups or more, 20 mol%of OH groups or more, 25 mol%of OH groups or more, or 30 mol%of OH groups or more, and / or 60 mol%of OH groups or less, 55 mol%of OH groups or less, 50 mol%of OH groups or less, 45 mol%of OH groups or less, 40 mol%of OH groups or less, or 35 mol%of OH groups or less based on the OH groups in the first component. Suitably, the amount of OH groups provided by the hyperbranched resin can be 10-50 mol%, 15-40 mol%, or within any range with any two of the above values as endpoints.
[0031] Suitably, the hyperbranched resin can comprise a hyperbranched acrylic resin and / or a hyperbranched polyester resin. The acrylic resin refers to a homopolymer of acrylates or methacrylates, or a copolymer with other system. The polyester resin refers to a polymer produced by the esterification of a polyol and a polycarboxylic acid.
[0032] The resin component of the first component can further comprise another resin. The another resin is different from the hyperbranched acrylic resin and hyperbranched polyester resin. In the present invention, the hyperbranched resin, taken together with the another resin react to crosslink with the hardener in the second component, wherein the hyperbranched resin provides the required cross-linked structural framework and increases the degree of cross-linking, while the another resin can balance the properties of the hyperbranched resin to provide coating compositions with excellent mechanical properties.
[0033] Suitably, the another resin can comprise an acrylic resin, a polyester resin and / or an anti-sagging resin, wherein the acrylic resin and the polyester resin and the anti-sagging resin are different from each other. The anti-sagging resin can comprise an acrylic type anti-sagging resin. The acrylic anti-sagging resin can comprise an acrylate moiety and a polyurea moiety. Suitably, a weight ratio of the acrylic resin to the polyester resin to the anti-sagging resin can be (10-30) : (1-15) : (10-25) .
[0034] The first component comprises a catalyst to promote the cross-linking reaction between the resin component and the hardener. Suitably, the catalyst used in the first component can comprise one or more selected from the group consisting of: organic zinc compound, zirconium complex, aluminum complex, bismuth complex, and tin complex. Suitably, the catalyst can comprise an organic zinc compound. In the present invention, the catalyst balances the resin component and the hardener to obtain an appropriate catalytic speed, thereby giving a coating with a suitable pot life which allows good processing application to meet appearance requirement and the requirement of mechanical properties. Herein, the pot life refers to the time during which the first component and the second component can be stored stably after being mixed.
[0035] Based on the total solid weight of the first component, the catalyst can be at least about 0.001 wt%, suitably at least about 0.05 wt%, suitably at least about 0.1 wt%, and / or up to about 0.4 wt%, such as up to about 0.35 wt%, suitably up to about 0.3 wt%. For example, based on the total solid weight of the first component, the catalyst can be about 0.001-0.4 wt%, such as 0.05-0.35 wt%, 0.1-0.3 wt%, or in any range with any two of the above values as endpoints. Herein, the “total solid weight of the first component” refers to the total weight of the first component after evaporation of solvent.
[0036] The first component can further comprise a solvent. The solvent can comprise an organic solvent. Suitable solvents for the present invention can comprise, but are not limited to, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohol solvents, ester solvents, ketone solvents, ether solvents and any combinations thereof.
[0037] The first component can further comprise one or more of auxiliary ingredients, such as wetting agents, anti-pinhole additives, defoaming agents, anti-UV additives, UV absorbers, photo-stabilizers, adhesion promoters, leveling agents, rheology additives, pH adjusters, and / or thickeners, etc. When these auxiliary ingredients are present, each auxiliary ingredient is present in an amount of up to about 5 wt%, based on the total weight of the first component.
[0038] Second Component
[0039] In the 2K coating composition of the present invention, the second component can comprise a hardener. The hardener comprises a reactive group that can react with a group (e.g., hydroxyl) contained in the resin component in the first component. Suitably, the reactive group comprises an isocyanate group (-NCO) .
[0040] The hardener in the second component can have a viscosity of <3,000 mPa.s, as measured at room temperature. Herein, the room temperature can refer to 20-30℃, e.g., 23 ℃. The viscosity can be measured according to the standard DIN EN ISO 3219-1: 2021 using a commercially available rheometer at 23℃ and 1000 s-1. Suitably, the viscosity of the hardener can be 2,600 mPa.s, 2,200 mPa.s, 1,800 mPa.s, 1,600 mPa.s, 1,400 mPa.s, 1,200 mPa.s, 1,100 mPa.s, 1,000 mPa.s, 900 mPa.s, 800 mPa.s, 700 mPa.s, 600 mPa.s, 500 mPa.s, 400 mPa.s, 300 mPa.s, 200 mPa.s or 100 mPa.s, as measured at room temperature. Suitably, the viscosity of the hardener can be 2,600 mPa.s or less, 2,200 mPa.s or less, 1,800 mPa.s or less, 1,600 mPa.s or less, 1,400 mPa.s or less, 1,200 mPa.s or less, 1,100 mPa.s or less, 1,000 mPa.s or less, 900 mPa.s or less, or 800 mPa.s or less, and / or 100 mPa.s or more, 200 mPa.s or more, 300 mPa.s or more, 400 mPa.s, 500 mPa.s or more, 600 mPa.s or more, or 700 mPa.s or more, as measured at room temperature. Suitably, the viscosity of the hardener can be in the range with any of the above values as endpoints, such as 100-1,200 mPa.s, as measured at room temperature. In the 2K coating system of the present invention, a hardener with appropriate viscosity can advantageously penetrate the coating to reach its underlying coating (s) to promote curing.
[0041] Suitably, the hardener can comprise an isocyanate polymer. The NCO groups provided by the isocyanate polymer react with the OH groups in the first component. Suitably, the molar ratio of the NCO group provided by the isocyanate polymer to the OH group in the first component can be 0.8: 1 to 2: 1. For example, the molar ratio of the NCO groups provided by the isocyanate polymer to the OH groups in the first component can be 0.9: 1, 1: 1, 1.1: 1, 1.2: 1, 1.3: 1, 1.4: 1, 1.5: 1, 1.6: 1, 1.7: 1, 1.8: 1 or 1.9: 1. Suitably, the molar ratio of the NCO group provided by the isocyanate polymer to the OH group in the first component can be 0.8: 1 or more, 0.9: 1 or more, 1: 1 or more, 1.1: 1 or more, 1.2: 1 or more, or 1.3: 1 or more, and / or 2: 1 or less, 1.9: 1 or less, 1.8: 1 or less, 1.7: 1 or less, 1.6: 1 or less, 1.5: 1 or less, or 1.4: 1 or less. Suitably, the molar ratio of the NCO group provided by the isocyanate polymer to the OH group in the first component can be 1: 1 to 1.6: 1, or within any range having any two of the above values as endpoints.
[0042] Suitably, the isocyanate polymer can comprise an asymmetric isocyanate polymer (i.e., an isocyanate polymer with an asymmetric structure) , and / or a symmetric isocyanate polymer (i.e., an isocyanate polymer with a symmetric structure) . Suitably, the hardener can comprise 10 mol%or more of the asymmetric isocyanate polymer based on the total moles of the isocyanate polymer. For example, the hardener can comprise 20 mol%, 30 mol%, 40 mol%, or 50 mol%of the asymmetric isocyanate polymer based on the total moles of the isocyanate polymer. Suitably, the hardener can comprise 10 mol%or more, 20 mol%or more, or 30 mol%or more, and / or 50 mol%or less, or 50 mol%or less of the asymmetric isocyanate polymer based on the total moles of the isocyanate polymer. Suitably, the amount of the asymmetric isocyanate polymer in the hardener can be 20-50 mol%, or within any range having any two of the above values as endpoints. Suitably, the molar ratio of the asymmetric isocyanate polymer to the symmetric isocyanate polymer can be from 10: 90 to 50: 50, such as 20: 80, 30: 70, or 40: 60. Suitably, the molar ratio of the asymmetric isocyanate polymer to the symmetric isocyanate polymer can be 10: 90 or more, 20: 80 or more, or 30: 70 or more, and / or 50: 50 or less, or 40: 60 or less.
[0043] The isocyanate polymer can comprise an isocyanate polymer with a polymerization degree of less than 3, an isocyanate trimer, an isocyanate pentamer, and / or an isocyanate polymer with a polymerization degree of greater than 5. Herein, the “degree of polymerization” refers to the average number of the isocyanate-based repeating units per molecule. The isocyanate polymer with degree of polymerization of less than 3 can comprise an isocyanate dimer. The isocyanate polymer with degree of polymerization of greater than 5 can comprise an isocyanate heptamer.
[0044] Suitably, the isocyanate polymer can comprise an isocyanate trimer. Suitably, the isocyanate polymer can further comprise an isocyanate pentamer. Suitably, the isocyanate polymer can further comprise an isocyanate dimer.
[0045] Suitably, the hardener can comprise a substantial portion of the isocyanate trimer, such as 60 wt%or more, based on the total weight of the isocyanate polymer. The isocyanate trimer can have an asymmetric structure and / or a symmetric structure. Suitably, the hardener can comprise an asymmetric isocyanate trimer. Suitably, the hardener can comprise 20 wt%or less of the isocyanate pentamer, based on the total weight of the isocyanate polymer. The isocyanate pentamer can have a symmetrical structure. Suitably, the hardener can comprise 1 wt%or more of the isocyanate dimer, based on the total weight of the isocyanate polymer. The isocyanate dimer can have a symmetrical structure.
[0046] The second component can further comprise a solvent. The solvent can be the same as or different from that used in the first component. The solvent can comprise an organic solvent. Suitable solvents for the present invention can comprise, but are not limited to, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohol solvents, ester solvents, ketone solvents, ether solvents and any combinations thereof.
[0047] The second component can further comprise one or more auxiliary ingredients. The auxiliary ingredients can be the same as or different from those used in the first component.
[0048] The present invention further relates to a compact coating system comprising the 2K coating composition. The compact coating system further comprises a waterborne one-component (1K) basecoat composition, wherein the waterborne 1K basecoat composition forms a basecoat layer in adjacent and under the coating layer formed by the 2K coating composition. The compact coating system can also be curable under low-temperature curing conditions, such as 80-120℃. For example, the compact coating system is curable at 80 to 120℃ within 10 to 60 min.
[0049] The 1K basecoat composition can comprise a resin component and a crosslinker, wherein the resin component and the crosslinker can be crosslinkable by reaction at 80℃within 22 min. The “crosslinkable by reaction / react to crosslink” means that the MEK double wiping value of the film layer formed by baking the mixture of the resin component and the crosslinker at 80℃ for 22 min is greater than that of the film layer formed by baking the resin component alone at 80℃ for 22 min, and the MEK double wiping value of the film layer formed by baking the mixture of the resin component and the crosslinker at 80℃ for 22 min is greater than or equal to G1, as measured according to GMW15891 standard.
[0050] In some embodiments, the crosslinking reaction between the resin component and the crosslinker can comprise the reaction between a hydrazide group and an imino and / or a hydroxymethyl group. The hydrazide group can be provided by a hydrazide-containing resin. The imino and / or hydroxymethyl group can be provided by a melamine resin.
[0051] Suitably, the resin component can comprise a hydrazide-containing resin, and the crosslinker can comprise a melamine resin.
[0052] The hydrazide-containing resin can comprise an external hydrazide group and optionally an internal hydrazide group. Herein, the “internal hydrazide” group is located in the polymer chain and pendent from the polymer chain, and the “external hydrazide” group is located at an end of the polymer chain. The external hydrazide group has low steric hindrance, and can be better crosslinked via curing with a reactive group of the crosslinker.
[0053] Suitably, the hydrazide-containing resin can comprise a hydrazide-containing polyurethane resin. The polyurethane resin refers to a polymer comprising urethane-based group as a repeating unit. The polyurethane can comprise a polymer in which at least 50 wt%of organic units, e.g., at least 70 wt%of organic units, such as, at least 90 wt%of organic units are linked via urethane bonds. Herein, the organic units comprise a residue derived from one or more selected from the group consisting of simple glycols, such as, butylene glycol, polyester glycol, polyether glycol, and polycarbonate glycol.
[0054] Based on the total weight of the 1K basecoat composition, the content of the hydrazide-containing resin can be about 1 wt%or more, such as, about 2 wt%or more, e.g., about 5 wt%or more, and / or about 20 wt%or less, such as, about 15 wt%or less, e.g., about 10 wt%or less. Based on the 1K basecoat composition, the content of the hydrazide-containing resin can be in a range of 1 to 20 wt%, 2 to 15 wt%, 5 to 10 wt%, or in any range having any two of the above values as endpoints.
[0055] The melamine resin can comprise active groups of alkoxy group, hydroxymethyl group, and / or imino group. The active group refers to a group which can participate in the crosslinking reaction under the curing conditions. Suitably, the melamine resin can have an imino content of 15-45 mol%based on the total amount of the active group of the melamine resin. For example, the melamine resin can have an imino content of 20 mol%, 25 mol%, 30 mol%, 35 mol%, or 40 mol%, based on the total amount of the active group of the melamine resin. Suitably, the melamine resin can have an imino content of 15 mol%or more, 20 mol%or more, 25 mol%or more, or 30 mol%or more, and / or 45 mol%or less, 40 mol%or less, or 35 mol%or less, based on the total amount of the active group of the melamine resin. Suitably, the melamine resin can have an imino content of 20-35 mol%, or within any range having any two of the above values as endpoints.
[0056] Suitably, the melamine resin can have an hydroxymethyl content of 5 mol%or more based on the total amount of the active group of the melamine resin.
[0057] Suitably, the melamine resin can comprise a methyl etherified melamine resin, a butyl etherified melamine resin, and / or a mixed etherified melamine resin. Suitably, the melamine resin can comprise a methyl etherified melamine resin and a butyl etherified melamine resin. Suitably, the weight ratio of the methyl etherified melamine resin to the butyl etherified melamine resin can be (100-50) : (0-50) .
[0058] Based on the total weight of the 1K basecoat composition, the content of the melamine resin can be about 0.5 wt%or more, such as, about 1 wt%or more, e.g., about 2 wt%or more, and / or about 8 wt%or less, such as, about 4 wt%or less, e.g., about 3 wt%or less. Based on the total weight of the 1K basecoat composition, the content of the melamine resin can be in a range of 0.5 to 8 wt%, 1 to 4 wt%, 2 to 3 wt%, or in any range having any two of the above values as endpoints.
[0059] In some embodiments, the crosslinking reaction between the resin component and the crosslinker can comprise the reaction between a hydroxyl group and an active ester group. The hydroxyl group can be provided by a hydroxyl-containing resin. The active ester group can be provided by a blocked isocyanate compound.
[0060] Suitably, the resin component can comprise a hydroxyl-containing resin, and the crosslinker can comprise a blocked isocyanate compound.
[0061] The hydroxyl-containing resin can have a hydroxyl value of at least 10 mgKOH / g. The hydroxyl value refers to milligram (s) of potassium hydroxide (KOH) equivalent to the hydroxyl groups in 1 gram of resin.
[0062] The hydroxyl-containing resin can comprise a hydroxyl acrylic resin, a hydroxyl polyurethane resin, a hydroxyl polyurethane acrylate resin, and / or a hydroxyl polyester resin. Herein, the acrylic resin refers to a homopolymer of acrylate or methacrylate monomer, or a copolymer of acrylate or methacrylate monomer with other system. Herein, the polyurethane resin refers to a polymer comprising urethane-based group as a repeating unit. Herein, the polyurethane acrylate resin comprises a polyurethane moiety containing urethane-based group and an acrylate moiety derived from acrylic, methacrylic or other related compound. Herein, the polyester resin refers to a polymer produced by the esterification of a polyol and a polycarboxylic acid.
[0063] Suitably, the hydroxyl-containing resin can be in the form of an alkali-swellable hydroxyl acrylic resin emulsion. The viscosity of the “alkali-swellable” resin emulsion will significantly increase after an alkali is added into the resin emulsion to adjust pH. Suitably, the hydroxyl-containing resin can be in the form of a hydroxyl acrylic resin emulsion, a hydroxyl polyurethane resin dispersion, a hydroxyl polyurethane acrylate resin dispersion, and / or a hydroxyl polyester resin dispersion.
[0064] Based on the total weight of the 1K basecoat composition, the content of the hydroxyl-containing resin can be about 1 wt%or more, such as, about 2 wt%or more, e.g., about 5 wt%or more, and / or about 25 wt%or less, such as, about 15 wt%or less, e.g., about 10 wt%or less, Based on the total weight of the 1K basecoat composition, the content of the hydroxyl-containing resin can be in a range of 1 to 25 wt%, 2 to 15 wt%, 5 to 10 wt%, or in any range having any two of the above values as endpoints.
[0065] Suitably, the blocked isocyanate compound can comprise an ester-blocked isocyanate compound. At the curing temperature, the ester-blocked isocyanate compound reacts with the hydroxyl-containing resin via transesterification. Prior to the transesterification, the ester-blocked isocyanate compound has not undergone a deblocking reaction.
[0066] Based on the total weight of the 1K basecoat composition, the content of the blocked isocyanate resin can be about 0.5 wt%or more, such as, about 1 wt%or more, e.g., about 2 wt%or more, and / or about 25 wt%or less, such as, about 12 wt%or less, e.g., about 10 wt%or less. Based on the total weight of the 1K basecoat composition, the content of the blocked isocyanate resin can be in a range of 0.5 to 25 wt%, 1 to 12 wt%, 2 to 10 wt%, or in any range having any two of the above values as endpoints.
[0067] Suitably, the molar ratio of the ester-blocked isocyanate group in the crosslinker to the hydroxyl group in the resin component can be (0.2-1) : 1. For example, the molar ratio of the ester-blocked isocyanate group in the crosslinker to the hydroxyl group in the resin component can be 0.3: 1, 0.4: 1, 0.5: 1, 0.6: 1, 0.7: 1, 0.8: 1, or 0.9: 1. Suitably, the molar ratio of the ester- blocked isocyanate group in the crosslinker to the hydroxyl group in the resin component can be 0.2: 1 or more, 0.3: 1 or more, 0.4: 1 or more, or 0.5: 1 or more, and / or 1: 1 or less, 0.9: 1 or less, 0.8: 1 or less, 0.7: 1 or less, or 0.6: 1 or less. Suitably, the molar ratio of the ester-blocked isocyanate group in the crosslinker to the hydroxyl group in the resin component can be 0.3: 1 to 0.8: 1, 0.4: 1 to 0.7: 1, or within any range having any two of the above values as endpoints.
[0068] The present invention further relates to a full-layer coating system comprising the 2K coating composition. Herein, the "full-layer" refers to all the coatings contained on an electrophoresis plate. Suitably, the full-layer coating system can further comprise the 1K basecoat composition as described above. In the full-layer coating system, the above-described 1K basecoat composition can be used as the coating composition for the first basecoat layer and / or the second basecoat layer, and the above-described 2K coating composition can be used as the coating composition for the clearcoat. For example, the full-layer coating system comprises a first basecoat layer formed from the above-described 1K basecoat composition or another coating composition, a second basecoat layer formed from the above-described 1K basecoat composition, and a clearcoat layer formed from the above-described 2K coating composition. The full-layer can be applied by means of “wet-on-wet” , e.g., by simultaneously curing the first basecoat composition, the second basecoat composition, and the clearcoat composition in one step. Alternatively, the full-layer can be applied by means of three coating plus two baking (3C2B) . As used herein, “3C2B" refers to 3 coating steps and 2 baking steps.
[0069] The full-layer coating system can be also curable for low temperature curing conditions, such as 80 to 120℃. For example, the full-layer coating system can be cured at 80 to 120℃ within 10 to 60 min.
[0070] The present invention further relates to a coated substrate comprising a substrate, and the 2K coating composition, or the compact coating system, or the full-layer coating system applied on at least a part of the substrate. The substrate can comprise a metal. Suitably, the substrate can be a part of a vehicle, an industrial equipment, or an architectural steel structure. The substrate can be an uncoated substrate or a coated substrate.
[0071] The 2K coating composition or coating composition in the coating system according to the present invention can be applied by means known to those skilled in the art, such as electrocoating, spraying, electrostatic spraying, dipping, roller coating, brushing, etc., and then cured to form a coating.
[0072] Suitably, the coated substrate can comprise an asymmetric isocyanate polymer in the coating. Suitably, the coated substrate can comprise an asymmetric isocyanate trimer in the coating.
[0073] The present invention further relates to use of the 2K coating composition for improving the curing of the coating (s) therebelow. The 2K coating composition is simultaneously cured, along with the coating composition (s) therebelow. The 2K coating composition according to the present invention can improve the cross-linking and curing of the coating layer located below and adjacent to it. Even more, the 2K coating composition according to the present invention can improve the cross-linking and curing of the coating layer located below it and not adjacent thereto.
[0074] The downward penetrability and curing-promoting properties of the 2K coating composition according to the present invention can be verified by infrared spectroscopy technology, as shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 1 shows the infrared absorption spectra of a coating formed from a first basecoat composition alone (bottom) and a coating formed from the first basecoat composition in a full-layer coating system (top) , respectively. Specifically, the full-layer coating system in the top panel of FIG. 1 can comprise a first basecoat composition, a second basecoat composition and the 2K coating composition according to the present invention, which are simultaneously cured to form a first basecoat layer, a second basecoat layer and a clearcoat layer, respectively. As seen from FIG. 1, the characteristic absorption peak of the isocyanate trimer from the 2K coating composition was observed in the first basecoat layer of the full-layering system, demonstrating that the 2K coating composition according to the present invention penetrates downward to the second basecoat layer and even to the first basecoat layer, assisting in the curing of the underlying coatings.EXAMPLES
[0075] The following examples are provided to further illustrate the invention, but it should not be construed as limiting the invention to the details described in the examples. Unless otherwise stated, all parts and percentages in the following examples are by weight.
[0076] EXAMPLES 1-2
[0077] The 2K coating compositions Ex1 and Ex2 according to the present invention were prepared according to the ingredients and amounts listed in Table 1 below, and the specific steps comprised:
[0078] The first component was prepared by adding acrylic resin, polyester resin, hyperbranched acrylic resin and a part of solvent, and stirring the mixture at 500 rpm / min until the materials were evenly mixed; then adding anti-UV additive and the other part of the solvent, stirring the mixture at 300~500 rpm / min until the materials were even; then adding leveling agent, defoaming agent, sag control agent (SCA) resin and organic zinc catalyst, and then stirring the mixture at 300~500 rpm / min until the materials were even.
[0079] The second component was prepared by adding hardener and solvent, and stirring the mixture at 300~500 rpm / min until the materials were even.
[0080] The first component and the second component were mixed to give the 2K coating compositions Ex1 and Ex2 according to the present invention.
[0081] Table 1. 2K Coating Compositions Ex1 and Ex2 According to the Invention
[0082] 1Solid content: 60%;
[0083] 2Solid content: 78%;
[0084] 3Solid content: 60%;
[0085] 4Providing 20 mol%of hydroxyl groups based on the total amount of OH groups in the first component;
[0086] 5 With the viscosity of 100~1,200 mPa.s at room temperature, and the molar ratio of the asymmetric isocyanate polymer to the symmetric isocyanate polymer is 10: 90 to 50: 50, comprising ≥60%of the isocyanate trimer based on the total weight of the isocyanate polymer, and comprising an asymmetric isocyanate trimer.
[0087] COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1
[0088] The 2K coating composition CE1 was prepared according to the ingredients and amounts listed in Table 2 below, and the specific steps comprised:
[0089] The first component: adding acrylic resin, polyester resin, and a part of solvent, and stirring the mixture at 500 rpm / min until the materials were evenly mixed; then adding anti-UV additive and the other part of the solvent, stirring the mixture at 300~500 rpm / min until the materials were even; then adding leveling agent, defoaming agent, and SCA resin, and then stirring the mixture at 300~500 rpm / min until the materials were even.
[0090] The second component: adding hardener and solvent, and stirring the mixture at 300~500 rpm / min until the materials were even.
[0091] The first component and the second component were mixed to obtain the 2K coating composition CE1 of the comparative example.
[0092] Table 2. 2K Coating Composition CE1 of Comparative Example
[0093] 1Solid content: 60%;
[0094] 2Solid content: 78%;
[0095] 3Solid content: 60%;
[0096] N 3300.
[0097] Performance Tests
[0098] The 2K coating compositions Ex1 and Ex2 according to the present invention and the 2K coating composition CE1 of the comparative example obtained above were applied onto an electrophoresis plate using a Durr 3 external electrostatic rotary cup, and then baked at 100℃ or 110℃ for 30 min to give cured coatings. The cured coatings were tested for hardness:
[0099] The test standard: GB / T 1730-2007
[0100] Testing instrument: Pendulum hardness tester
[0101] The higher the value of the test result, the harder the coating.
[0102] Table 3. Coating Hardness of Examples Ex1 and Ex2 and Comparative Example CE1 under Low Temperature Curing Conditions
[0103] It can be seen from the above table that the coatings formed from the coating compositions Ex1 and Ex2 have relatively high hardness, meeting the usage requirements of clearcoat, while the hardness of the comparative example CE1 is significantly lower than those of the examples Ex1 and Ex2. Although the hardness of Comparative Example CE1 at 110℃ is significantly higher than its hardness at 100℃, it still cannot reach the hardness range of Examples Ex1 and Ex2. Examples Ex1 and Ex2 have excellent low temperature curing performance.
[0104] EXAMPLE 3:
[0105] A coating system Ex3 is composed of a first basecoat composition, a second basecoat composition and the coating composition Ex2. The first basecoat composition and the second basecoat composition are each a 1K coating composition comprising a resin component and a cross-linking agent, wherein the resin component and the cross-linking agent are crosslinkable by reaction at 80℃ within 22 min.
[0106] The first and the second basecoat compositions are the same, and were prepared by: adding 8 g of polyurethane acrylic resin (a waterborne dispersion with solid content of about 30-60 wt%) , 10 g of polyurethane resin (a waterborne dispersion with solid content of about 20-50 wt%) , and 19 g of alkali-swellable type hydroxyl-containing acrylic resin (a waterborne emulsion with solid content of about 20-50 wt%) into the mixing tank, stirring the resins evenly at a speed of 200-300RPM, and adding DMEA to adjust the pH to 8.0; adding 2.98 g of additives (BYK-348, BYK-347, SURFYNOL 104E, DYNOL 360 SURFACTANT and BYK- 015) , and stirring the mixture evenly; adding 5.5 g of methyl etherified amino resin premix, and stirring evenly at a speed of 400-600 RPM; then adding 2.0 g of blocked isocyanate premix (a non-waterborne solution (alcohol ether solvent) , with solid content of about 50-80 wt%, and the resin solid is an ester blocked polyisocyanate) , and stirring evenly; adding 4 g of organic solvent, 27.5 g of color paste (white, black, and yellow pastes) , and stirring evenly; adding 0.2 g of a catalyst (p-toluene sulfonic acid) premix, stirring the mixture at a speed of 200-700 RPM for 2 h, and then adjusting the viscosity (LSV: 10-50 Pa.s; HSV 60-110 mPa.s; RLSV: 10-50 Pa.s, as measured at room temperature) and pH (8.5-8.7) of the composition to prepare the waterborne coating composition.
[0107] COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2
[0108] A coating system CE2 of the comparative example is composed of a first basecoat composition, a second basecoat composition and the coating composition CE1 of the comparative example. The first basecoat composition and the second basecoat composition are the same as those in the coating system of Example 3.
[0109] On an electrophoresis plate, the first basecoat composition was sprayed using a Durr 3 external electrostatic cup, and flash dried at room temperature for 5 min; the second basecoat composition was sprayed by wet-on-wet process, flash dried at room temperature for 5 min, and dehydrated at 80℃ for 8 min; the clearcoat was sprayed, and flash dried at room temperature for 10 min; then, all coatings were simultaneously cured under curing conditions of baking at 110℃ for 30 min. The resulting cured coatings were tested as follows:
[0110] 1. Appearance
[0111] A commercially available orange peel meter was used to measure various appearance indicators of the coatings.
[0112] The coatings were measured in the initial state and after water immersion (immersed in 60℃ water for 2 days and then dried before placed for 1 h) .
[0113] 2.Pendulum hardness
[0114] The test standard: GB / T 1730-2007
[0115] Testing instrument: Pendulum hardness tester
[0116] The coatings were measured in the initial state and after water immersion (immersed in 60℃ water for 2 days and then dried before placed for 1 h) .
[0117] The test results are shown in the table below:
[0118] Table 5. Test Results of Coating Systems Ex3 and CE2
[0119] Referring to the above table, it can be seen that the coating system comprising the coating composition Ex2 of the present invention has low LW and SW values, indicating that the coatings have excellent appearance; and has high pendulum hardness, indicating that the coatings have excellent mechanical properties. In contrast, the coating system comprising the coating composition CE1 of the comparative example has high LW, SW values and low pendulum hardness, meaning that neither the appearance nor the mechanical properties of the coating can meet the application requirements. This is because the coating system comprising the coating composition CE1 of the comparative example was not fully cured and could not meet the application standards.
[0120] Although specific aspects of the invention have been illustrated and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various other variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended that the appended claims encompass all such variations and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.
Claims
1.A 2K coating composition, comprising a first component comprising a hydroxyl group and a second component comprising an isocyanate group, wherein the first component comprises a hyperbranched resin and a catalyst, and the second component comprises a hardener with a viscosity of <3, 000 mPa. s, as measured at room temperature.2.The 2K coating composition of claim 1, wherein the hardener has a viscosity measured at room temperature of 100-1, 200 mPa. s.3.The 2K coating composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein the hardener comprises an asymmetric isocyanate polymer and / or a symmetric isocyanate polymer.4.The 2K coating composition of claim 3, wherein the hardener comprises 10 mol%or more of the asymmetric isocyanate polymer based on total moles of the isocyanate polymer.5.The 2K coating composition of claim 3 or 4, wherein the molar ratio of the asymmetric isocyanate polymer to the symmetric isocyanate polymer is from 10: 90 to 50: 50.6.The 2K coating composition of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the hardener comprises an isocyanate trimer.7.The 2K coating composition of claim 6, wherein the hardener further comprises an isocyanate polymer with a polymerization degree of less than 3, an isocyanate pentamer, and / or an isocyanate polymer with a polymerization degree of greater than 5.8.The 2K coating composition of claim 6 or 7, wherein the isocyanate trimer comprises an asymmetric isocyanate trimer.9.The 2K coating composition of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the hyperbranched resin comprises a hyperbranched acrylic resin and / or a hyperbranched polyester resin.10.The 2K coating composition of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the hyperbranched resin comprises 5~60 mol%of OH groups based on the total amount of OH groups in the first component.11.The 2K coating composition of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the first component further comprises an acrylic resin, a polyester resin and / or an anti-sagging resin, wherein the acrylic resin and the polyester resin and the anti-sagging resin are different from each other, and different from the hyperbranched resin.12.The 2K coating composition of claim 11, wherein the weight ratio of the acrylic resin to the polyester resin to the anti-sagging resin is (10-30) : (1-15) : (10-25) .13.The 2K coating composition of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the molar ratio of the total amount of NCO groups in the second component to the total amount of OH groups in the first component is 0.8 : 1 to 2 : 1.14.The 2K coating composition of any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the catalyst comprises an organic zinc compound.15.The 2K coating composition of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the catalyst comprises 0.001~0.4 wt%of the total solid weight of the first component.16.The 2K coating composition of any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the first component has a solid content of at least 40 wt%based on the total weight of the first component.17.The 2K coating composition of any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the coating composition is curable at 80 to 120℃ within 10 to 60 min.18.The 2K coating composition of any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein a coating layer formed by the coating composition has a dry film thickness of 20-100 μm.19.A compact coating system comprising the 2K coating composition of any one of claims 1 to 18.20.The compact coating system of claim 19, further comprising a 1K basecoat composition, wherein the 1K basecoat composition forms a basecoat layer in adjacent and under the coating layer formed by the 2K coating composition.21.The compact coating system of claim 20, wherein the 1K basecoat composition comprises a resin component and a cross-linking agent, wherein the resin component and the cross-linking agent are crosslinkable by reaction at 80℃ within 22 min.22.The compact coating system of any one of claims 19 to 21, wherein the coating system is curable at 80 to 120℃ within 10 to 60 min.23.A full-layer coating system comprising the 2K coating composition of any one of claims 1 to 18.24.A coated substrate, comprising a substrate and the 2K coating composition of any one of claims 1 to 18, or the compact coating system of any one of claims 19-22, or the full-layer coating system according to claim 23 applied on at least a part of the substrate.25.The coated substrate of claim 24, wherein the substrate comprises a metal.26.The coated substrate of claim 24 or 25, wherein the substrate is part of a vehicle or an industrial equipment.27.The coated substrate of any one of claims 24-26, wherein the coated substrate comprises an asymmetric isocyanate polymer in the coating.28.Use of the 2K coating composition of any one of claims 1 to 18 for improving the curing of its underlying coating(s) .
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