DRT-based treatment method for waste batteries

Abstract

The present disclosure belongs to the technical field of recovery of lithium-ion batteries, and particularly relates to a DRT-based treatment method for waste batteries. The treatment method comprises the following steps: (1) discharging a waste battery; (2) crushing and sorting the discharged waste battery to obtain a first crushed material and a second crushed material, wherein the first crushed material is obtained by crushing a case and a separator, and the second crushed material is obtained by crushing a positive electrode sheet and a negative electrode sheet; (3) respectively performing gradient roasting on the first crushed material and the second crushed material; (4) obtaining a crushed material of the case from the first crushed material treated in step (3), performing color sorting on the second crushed material to obtain an aluminum electrode sheet material and a copper electrode sheet material, hammering same to separate powders, and sieving same to obtain aluminum foil, a positive electrode powder, copper foil and a negative electrode powder; and (5) leaching the positive electrode powder to recover valuable metals, grading and screening the negative electrode powder, and then carbonizing and coating same to obtain negative-electrode graphite.

Description

A method for treating waste batteries based on DRT Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure belongs to the technical field of battery recycling, and in particular relates to a waste battery treatment method based on DRT. Background Art

[0002] A power battery consists of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte, a separator, and a casing. The positive electrode primarily consists of an aluminum current collector and a positive electrode material (lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide or lithium iron phosphate); the negative electrode primarily consists of a copper current collector and a negative electrode material (graphite); the electrolyte primarily consists of a carbonate solvent and lithium hexafluorophosphate as a solute; the separator primarily consists of PE / PP; and the casing primarily consists of a shell or steel shell.

[0003] In recent years, with the steady growth of demand for new energy vehicles, the installed capacity of power batteries has continued to expand. This has resulted in a large number of scrapped power batteries being produced and used. Improper disposal not only wastes resources but also causes environmental pollution. Therefore, recycling used batteries is crucial for reducing environmental pollution and alleviating the scarcity of cobalt, nickel, and lithium resources. Existing methods for recycling used batteries suffer from high energy consumption and the generation and release of toxic and hazardous gases, necessitating urgent improvements.

[0004] Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present disclosure aims to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the related art. To this end, the present disclosure proposes a DRT-based waste battery processing method. This method achieves safe battery crushing, precise component separation, and efficient cathode material stripping, while also being low-carbon and clean, and has great industrial application prospects.

[0006] The above technical objectives of the present disclosure are achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for treating waste batteries based on DRT comprises the following steps: (1) discharging the waste batteries; (2) crushing and sorting the discharged waste batteries to obtain first and second crushed materials, wherein the first crushed materials are obtained by crushing the shell and the diaphragm, and the second crushed materials are obtained by crushing the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet; (3) gradient roasting is performed on the first and second crushed materials respectively; (4) the first crushed materials after the treatment in step (3) are directly output to obtain shell crushed materials, and the second crushed materials after the treatment in step (3) are color-sorted to obtain aluminum electrode sheet materials and copper electrode sheet materials, and the aluminum electrode sheet materials and the copper electrode sheet materials are hammered to separate the powder materials, and sieved to obtain aluminum foil, positive electrode powder, copper foil and negative electrode powder materials; (5) the positive electrode powder is leached to recover valuable metals, and the negative electrode powder is graded and sieved and then carbonized and coated to obtain negative electrode graphite. This method can safely crush waste batteries, and can achieve fine sorting and recycling of the materials obtained after crushing, and realize the reuse of electrical energy and electrolyte calorific value. It is low-carbon and clean, and has great industrial application prospects.

[0008] In one embodiment, in step (1), the waste batteries are placed on a voltage detection platform before discharge, and after screening, are put on a discharge waterline for batch discharge, which can improve discharge efficiency.

[0009] In one embodiment, in step (1), the waste battery is discharged through the power conversion module, and the released electricity is fed back to the power grid, and the electric energy in the waste battery is transmitted to the power grid, thereby realizing the direct utilization of the surplus electricity.

[0010] In one embodiment, in step (1), the power conversion module includes a DC / AC conversion module and a DC / DC conversion module, wherein the DC / AC conversion module refers to a direct current power supply to alternating current power supply module, and the DC / DC conversion module refers to a direct current power supply conversion module. The power energy of the used battery is first converted by the DC / DC conversion module, and then converted by the DC / AC conversion module, and fed back to the power grid. The power conversion module converts the power energy in the used battery from direct current to alternating current and feeds it back to the power grid.

[0011] In one embodiment, in step (2), the crushing device is a single-shaft shredder, the single-shaft shredder has a discharging speed of 400-600 r / min, and a discharging particle size of 10-30 mm. This particle size facilitates subsequent sorting and roasting.

[0012] In one embodiment, in step (2), the equipment used for sorting is a vertical sorting machine, the main shaft of the vertical sorting machine is a semi-spiral semi-vertical rib type main shaft, the rotation speed of the main shaft is 1200-1500r / min, the first crushed material is discharged from the top end of the vertical sorting machine, and the second crushed material is discharged from the bottom end of the vertical sorting machine, which can achieve rapid sorting.

[0013] In one embodiment, in step (3), the gradient roasting is performed using a double-layer mesh belt furnace, and the heat source used is a far-infrared heat source. The upper and lower layers of the mesh belt furnace are independently equipped with feeding and discharging systems. During gradient roasting, the first crushed material is located in the upper layer of the double-layer mesh belt furnace, and the second crushed material is located in the lower layer of the double-layer mesh belt furnace. Using a double-layer mesh belt furnace equipped with a far-infrared heat source not only allows for precise temperature control while ensuring rapid temperature rise, but also allows for uniform heating of the material. Furthermore, organic matter absorbs infrared rays well, resulting in a better heating effect of infrared rays on organic matter.

[0014] In one embodiment, in step (3), the gradient calcination includes three stages, wherein the first stage is calcined at a temperature of 150-180°C for 20-40 minutes, the second stage is calcined at a temperature of 210-230°C for 20-40 minutes, and the third stage is calcined at a temperature of 260-300°C for 40-60 minutes. The first stage volatilizes the liquid electrolyte and removes the electrolyte from the material; the second stage fully decomposes the metastable cathode material, avoids the risk of oxygen release from the cathode material, and carbonizes the separator; the third stage fully removes the residual electrolyte and denatures the binder PVDF by utilizing the infrared penetrating power and resonance effect.

[0015] In one embodiment, in step (3), after the gradient roasting, the process further includes tail gas treatment and waste heat recovery, wherein the tail gas is collected and passed into a combustion chamber for combustion at 700-1000° C. The organic gases in the tail gas can be fully burned at this temperature.

[0016] In one embodiment, in step (3), the waste heat recovery is to recover the heat of the high-temperature flue gas through a waste heat boiler, so as to achieve the purpose of waste energy utilization through the waste heat boiler.

[0017] In one embodiment, in step (5), the particle size of the negative electrode powder obtained after the classification and screening is 2-20 μm. This particle size ensures that the negative electrode graphite obtained after subsequent carbonization and coating has good electrochemical performance.

[0018] In one embodiment, in step (5), the carbonization coating process includes a doping auxiliary material. Carbonization by doping auxiliary materials can improve the conductive properties of the negative electrode graphite finally obtained.

[0019] In one embodiment, in step (5), the amount of the auxiliary material is 2%-10% of the weight of the negative electrode powder, which can ensure that the obtained negative electrode graphite has good electrochemical properties.

[0020] In one embodiment, in step (5), the auxiliary material is at least one of asphalt and phenolic resin. Asphalt and phenolic resin help form a graphite structure with good conductivity and stability during the carbonization process, thereby improving the conductivity of the negative electrode graphite.

[0021] In one embodiment, in step (5), the temperature of the carbonization coating is 1000-2000° C. At this temperature, the best carbonization effect can be achieved.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present disclosure are:

[0023] This disclosure uses DRT (Directional Recycling Technology) to process waste batteries. DRT (Directional Recycling Technology) is a directional recycling process based on reverse product positioning design. It uses a short-range recycling process to recycle the ineffective materials in retired products into usable materials for product production along the loop. In the field of power batteries, directional recycling refers to the process of reducing waste batteries through pre-treatment, hydrometallurgy, and other processes to the materials needed for manufacturing power batteries. Manufacturers can directly use the processed battery raw materials to produce high-quality power batteries.

[0024] The present invention uses waste batteries as raw materials and recycles them through discharge, crushing, heat treatment and screening. The discharge process transmits the electrical energy in the battery to the power grid, realizing the direct use of the surplus electricity. After the battery is discharged, it is crushed and sorted, and the process is safe and reliable. The sorted materials are respectively subjected to gradient roasting, making the heat treatment process simpler. The positive and negative electrode sheets after heat treatment (gradient roasting) do not contain diaphragms, shells, and electrolytes, and the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose binder and polyvinylidene fluoride binder in the positive and negative electrode sheets have been degraded and inactivated, making the screening process fast and efficient. The negative electrode powder is carbonized and coated to directly produce negative electrode graphite. While meeting the requirements of safe battery crushing, fine screening of each component, and efficient stripping of positive electrode materials, this process simplifies the process flow, saves energy and reduces consumption, and realizes the reuse of electrical energy and electrolyte calorific value, achieving the purpose of low-carbon cleanliness, and has great industrial application prospects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present disclosure is further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0026] Example 1:

[0027] A method for processing waste batteries based on DRT, comprising the following steps:

[0028] (1) Place the used batteries on the voltage detection platform, select three used batteries with an initial voltage of 3.8V and place them on the discharge waterline. Set the discharge current to 1C and the cut-off voltage to 1V, start the discharge program, and the electric energy of the used batteries is first converted by the DC / DC conversion module, then converted by the DC / AC conversion module, and fed back to the power grid;

[0029] (2) The discharged batteries enter a single-shaft shredder for crushing and a vertical separator for sorting. The single-shaft shredder rotates at 400 r / min and the discharge particle size is 30 mm. The vertical separator has a semi-spiral semi-vertical rib spindle with a spindle speed of 1200 r / min. The first and second crushed materials are obtained. The first crushed materials are discharged from the top of the vertical separator and the second crushed materials are discharged from the bottom of the vertical separator. The first crushed materials are obtained by crushing the outer shell and the diaphragm, and the second crushed materials are obtained by crushing the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.

[0030] (3) A double-layer mesh belt furnace with a far-infrared heat source is used to perform gradient roasting on the first and second crushed materials. The upper and lower layers of the mesh belt furnace are independently equipped with a feeding and discharging system. During gradient roasting, the first crushed material is in the upper layer of the double-layer mesh belt furnace, and the second crushed material is in the lower layer of the double-layer mesh belt furnace. The first and second crushed materials are simultaneously roasted in three stages in the mesh belt furnace. The temperature of the first stage is 150°C, and the time of the first stage is 40 minutes. The temperature of the second stage is 210°C, and the time of the second stage is 40 minutes. The temperature of the third stage is 260°C, and the time of the third stage is 60 minutes. The tail gas is collected and passed into the combustion chamber for combustion treatment at 700°C, and the heat of the high-temperature flue gas is recovered through the waste heat boiler;

[0031] (4) The first crushed material after treatment is directly output to obtain shell crushed material, and the second crushed material after treatment is subjected to color sorting to obtain aluminum pole sheet material and copper pole sheet material, and the aluminum pole sheet material and copper pole sheet material are hammered to separate the powder, and sieved to obtain aluminum foil, positive electrode powder, copper foil and negative electrode powder;

[0032] (5) The positive electrode powder is leached to recover valuable metals, and the negative electrode powder is graded and sieved to obtain a product of 5-15 μm, to which asphalt is added, with the weight of the asphalt being 5% of the negative electrode powder. After the mixture is evenly mixed, it is placed in a carbonization furnace and calcined at 1400°C to produce negative electrode graphite.

[0033] The power delivered to the grid was measured using Ankerui's ADL400-C three-phase guide rail multi-function bidirectional metering electronic meter, which was 168.5Wh. The power recorded by the discharge line host software was 273.6Wh, and the power utilization rate was 61.59%.

[0034] The impurity content in the shell scraps, copper, aluminum and positive electrode powder obtained after treatment was analyzed using a WFX-130A atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Rayleigh Instrument Factory, Beijing). The results are shown in Table 1:

[0035] Table 1: Impurity content

[0036] As shown in Table 1, the shell, copper, positive electrode powder, and aluminum products produced in Example 1 were of relatively high quality. The total nickel and cobalt content of the shell was 1.95%, and the copper content was 1.65%; the total nickel and cobalt content of the copper product was 1.5%, and the aluminum content was 5.83%; the copper content of the positive electrode powder was 0.64%, and the aluminum content was 0.97%; and the total nickel and cobalt content of the aluminum was 3.21%, and the copper content was 3.86%.

[0037] The electrical performance of the prepared negative electrode graphite was tested using a MACCOR S4000 battery test cabinet, and the measured gram capacity was 351.6 mAh / g and the first efficiency was 91.8%.

[0038] Example 2:

[0039] A method for processing waste batteries based on DRT, comprising the following steps:

[0040] (1) Place the used batteries on the voltage detection platform, select three used batteries with an initial voltage of 3.8V and place them on the discharge waterline. Set the discharge current to 0.5C and the cut-off voltage to 1.2V, start the discharge program, and the electric energy of the used batteries is first converted by the DC / DC conversion module, then converted by the DC / AC conversion module, and fed back to the power grid;

[0041] (2) The discharged batteries enter a single-shaft shredder for crushing and a vertical separator for sorting. The single-shaft shredder rotates at a speed of 500 r / min and the discharge particle size is 30 mm. The spindle of the vertical separator is a semi-spiral semi-vertical rib spindle with a spindle speed of 1400 r / min. The first crushed material and the second crushed material are obtained. The first crushed material is discharged from the top of the vertical separator, and the second crushed material is discharged from the bottom of the vertical separator. The first crushed material is obtained by crushing the shell and the diaphragm, and the second crushed material is obtained by crushing the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.

[0042] (3) A double-layer mesh belt furnace with a far-infrared heat source is used to perform gradient roasting on the first and second crushed materials. The upper and lower layers of the mesh belt furnace are independently equipped with a feeding and discharging system. During gradient roasting, the first crushed material is in the upper layer of the double-layer mesh belt furnace, and the second crushed material is in the lower layer of the double-layer mesh belt furnace. The first and second crushed materials are simultaneously roasted in three stages in the mesh belt furnace. The temperature of the first stage is 160°C, and the time of the first stage is 30 minutes. The temperature of the second stage is 220°C, and the time of the second stage is 40 minutes. The temperature of the third stage is 270°C, and the time of the third stage is 60 minutes. The tail gas is collected and introduced into the combustion chamber for combustion treatment at 1000°C, and the heat of the high-temperature flue gas is recovered through the waste heat boiler.

[0043] (4) The first crushed material after treatment is directly output to obtain shell crushed material, and the second crushed material after treatment is subjected to color sorting to obtain aluminum pole sheet material and copper pole sheet material, and the aluminum pole sheet material and copper pole sheet material are hammered to separate the powder, and sieved to obtain aluminum foil, positive electrode powder, copper foil and negative electrode powder;

[0044] (5) The positive electrode powder is leached to recover valuable metals, and the negative electrode powder is sieved through classification to obtain a product of 10-20 μm, to which asphalt is added, with the weight of the asphalt being 3% of the negative electrode powder. After the mixture is evenly mixed, it is placed in a carbonization furnace and calcined at 1800°C to produce negative electrode graphite.

[0045] The power delivered to the grid was measured by Ankerui's ADL400-C three-phase guide rail multi-function bidirectional metering electronic meter, which was 169.4Wh. The power recorded by the discharge line host software was 263.2Wh, and the power utilization rate was 64.36%.

[0046] The impurity content in the shell scraps, copper, aluminum and positive electrode powder obtained after treatment was analyzed using a WFX-130A atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Rayleigh Instrument Factory, Beijing). The results are shown in Table 2:

[0047] Table 2: Impurity content

[0048] As shown in Table 2, the shell, copper, positive electrode powder, and aluminum products produced in Example 2 were of relatively high quality. The total nickel and cobalt content of the shell was 2.22%, and the copper content was 1.83%; the total nickel and cobalt content of the copper product was 1.25%, and the aluminum content was 4.63%; the copper content of the positive electrode powder was 0.51%, and the aluminum content was 0.89%; and the total nickel and cobalt content of the aluminum was 2.98%, and the copper content was 5.41%.

[0049] The electrical performance of the negative electrode graphite was tested using a MACCOR S4000 battery test cabinet, and the gram capacity was 350.2 mAh / g and the first efficiency was 90.9%.

[0050] Example 3:

[0051] A method for processing waste batteries based on DRT, comprising the following steps:

[0052] (1) Place the used batteries on the voltage detection platform, select three used batteries with an initial voltage of 3.6V and place them on the discharge waterline. Set the discharge current to 1C and the cut-off voltage to 1V, start the discharge program, and the electric energy of the used batteries is first converted by the DC / DC conversion module, then converted by the DC / AC conversion module, and fed back to the power grid;

[0053] (2) The discharged batteries enter a single-shaft shredder for crushing and a vertical separator for sorting. The single-shaft shredder rotates at a speed of 600 r / min and the discharge particle size is 30 mm. The spindle of the vertical separator is a semi-spiral semi-vertical rib spindle with a spindle speed of 1500 r / min. The first crushed material and the second crushed material are obtained. The first crushed material is discharged from the top of the vertical separator, and the second crushed material is discharged from the bottom of the vertical separator. The first crushed material is obtained by crushing the shell and the diaphragm, and the second crushed material is obtained by crushing the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.

[0054] (3) A double-layer mesh belt furnace with a far-infrared heat source is used to perform gradient roasting on the first and second crushed materials. The upper and lower layers of the mesh belt furnace are independently equipped with a feeding and discharging system. During gradient roasting, the first crushed material is in the upper layer of the double-layer mesh belt furnace, and the second crushed material is in the lower layer of the double-layer mesh belt furnace. The first crushed material and the second crushed material are simultaneously roasted in three stages in the mesh belt furnace. The temperature of the first stage is 170°C, and the time of the first stage is 30 minutes. The temperature of the second stage is 230°C, and the time of the second stage is 30 minutes. The temperature of the third stage is 280°C, and the time of the third stage is 40 minutes. The tail gas is collected and introduced into the combustion chamber for combustion treatment at 900°C, and the heat of the high-temperature flue gas is recovered through the waste heat boiler;

[0055] (4) The first crushed material after treatment is directly output to obtain shell crushed material, and the second crushed material after treatment is subjected to color sorting to obtain aluminum pole sheet material and copper pole sheet material, and the aluminum pole sheet material and copper pole sheet material are hammered to separate the powder, and sieved to obtain aluminum foil, positive electrode powder, copper foil and negative electrode powder;

[0056] (5) The positive electrode powder is leached to recover valuable metals, and the negative electrode powder is graded and sieved to obtain a product of 5-20 μm, to which asphalt is added, with the weight of the asphalt being 3% of the negative electrode powder. After the mixture is evenly mixed, it is placed in a carbonization furnace and calcined at 2000°C to produce negative electrode graphite.

[0057] The power delivered to the grid was measured using the Ankerui ADL400-C three-phase guide rail multi-function bidirectional metering electronic meter, which was 146.7Wh. The power recorded by the discharge line host software was 243.8Wh, and the power utilization rate was 60.17%.

[0058] The impurity content in the shell scraps, copper, aluminum and positive electrode powder obtained after treatment was analyzed using a WFX-130A atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Rayleigh Instrument Factory, Beijing). The results are shown in Table 3:

[0059] Table 3: Impurity content

[0060] As shown in Table 3, the shell, copper, positive electrode powder, and aluminum products produced in Example 3 are of relatively good quality. The total nickel and cobalt content in the shell is 1.85%, and the copper content is 2.13%; the total nickel and cobalt content in the copper product is 0.97%, and the aluminum content is 4.37%; the copper content in the positive electrode powder is 0.71%, and the aluminum content is 1.05%; the total nickel and cobalt content in the aluminum is 2.74%, and the copper content is 4.62%.

[0061] The electrical performance of the negative electrode graphite was tested using a MACCOR S4000 battery test cabinet, and the gram capacity was 353.5 mAh / g and the first efficiency was 92.1%.

[0062] Comparative Example 1:

[0063] The difference from Example 1 is that the discharge load is directly placed in the liquid phase for discharge.

[0064] In Comparative Example 1, scale forms in the liquid phase after a period of operation, impairing heat transfer. Long-term use leads to poor heat dissipation from the load, overheating, and a sharp increase in failure rates. Furthermore, the interfacial corrosion between the discharge load and the liquid phase heat transfer process accelerates load corrosion, shortening the load's service life and causing heavy metals to dissolve in the liquid phase, limiting the usability of the produced hot water.

[0065] Comparative Example 2:

[0066] The difference from Example 1 is that the temperature of the gradient calcination heat treatment is uniformly set at 500°C.

[0067] Comparative Example 2 has the risk of oxygen release, and the shell, diaphragm, and positive and negative electrode sheet materials are not completely separated.

Claims

1. A method for treating waste batteries based on DRT, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Discharge the used batteries; (2) crushing and sorting the discharged waste batteries to obtain first crushed materials and second crushed materials, wherein the first crushed materials are obtained by crushing the outer shell and the diaphragm, and the second crushed materials are obtained by crushing the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet; (3) performing gradient roasting on the first crushed material and the second crushed material respectively; (4) The first scraps after the treatment in step (3) are directly output to obtain shell scraps, and the second scraps after the treatment in step (3) are color-sorted to obtain aluminum pole sheet materials and copper pole sheet materials, and the aluminum pole sheet materials and the copper pole sheet materials are hammered to separate the powder materials, and then sieved to obtain aluminum foil, positive electrode powder, copper foil and negative electrode powder; (5) Leaching the positive electrode powder to recover valuable metals, and classifying and screening the negative electrode powder and then carbonizing and coating it to obtain negative electrode graphite.

2. A method for treating waste batteries based on DRT according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the waste batteries are placed on a voltage detection platform before discharge, and after screening, are placed on a discharge waterline for batch discharge.

3. The method for treating waste batteries based on DRT according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the waste battery is discharged through the power conversion module, and the discharged electricity is fed back to the power grid.

4. A method for treating waste batteries based on DRT according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step (1), the electric energy conversion module includes a DC / AC conversion module and a DC / DC conversion module. The electric energy of the waste battery is first converted by the DC / DC conversion module, and then converted by the DC / AC conversion module, and fed back to the power grid.

5. The method for treating waste batteries based on DRT according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the crushing device is a single-shaft shredder, the discharging speed of the single-shaft shredder is 400-600r / min, and the discharging particle size is 10-30mm.

6. A method for treating waste batteries based on DRT according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step (2), the equipment used for the sorting is a vertical sorting machine, the main shaft of the vertical sorting machine is a semi-spiral and semi-vertical rib type main shaft, the rotation speed of the main shaft is 1200-1500r / min, the first crushed material is discharged from the top end of the vertical sorting machine, and the second crushed material is discharged from the bottom end of the vertical sorting machine.

7. The method for treating waste batteries based on DRT according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the equipment used for the gradient roasting is a double-layer mesh belt furnace, and the heat source used is a far-infrared heat source. The upper and lower layers of the mesh belt furnace are independently equipped with a feeding and discharging system. During gradient roasting, the first crushed material is in the upper layer of the double-layer mesh belt furnace, and the second crushed material is in the lower layer of the double-layer mesh belt furnace.

8. The method for treating waste batteries based on DRT according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step (3), the gradient calcination includes three stages of calcination, the temperature of the first stage is 150-180°C, the time of the first stage is 20min-40min, the temperature of the second stage is 210-230°C, the time of the second stage is 20min-40min, and the temperature of the third stage is 260-300°C, the time of the third stage is 40min-60min.

9. A method for treating waste batteries based on DRT according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step (3), after the gradient roasting, the process also includes tail gas treatment and waste heat recovery. The tail gas treatment is to collect the tail gas and pass it into a combustion chamber for combustion treatment at 700-1000°C.

10. A method for treating waste batteries based on DRT according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step (3), the waste heat is recovered by recovering the heat of high-temperature flue gas through a waste heat boiler.

11. The method for treating waste batteries based on DRT according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (5), the particle size of the negative electrode powder obtained after the grading and screening is 2-20 μm.

12. The method for treating waste batteries based on DRT according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (5), the carbonization coating process contains doping auxiliary materials.

13. A method for treating waste batteries based on DRT according to claim 12, characterized in that: In step (5), the amount of the auxiliary material is 2%-10% of the weight of the negative electrode powder.

14. A method for treating waste batteries based on DRT according to claim 13, characterized in that: In step (5), the auxiliary material is at least one of asphalt and phenolic resin.

15. The method for treating waste batteries based on DRT according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (5), the temperature of the carbonization coating is 1000-2000°C.

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