Optical guide apparatus and electronic device including same

Abstract

An optical guide apparatus according to an embodiment comprises: a first substrate; a first pattern layer disposed on the first substrate; a cover disposed on the first pattern layer; and a first intermediate layer disposed between the cover and the first pattern layer, wherein the lower surface of the first intermediate layer has a shape corresponding to the shape of the first pattern layer.

Description

Light guide device and electronic device including the same

[0001] The present invention relates to a light guide device and an electronic device including the same.

[0002] Virtual Reality (VR) refers to a specific environment or situation, or the technology itself, that is similar to reality but not real, created using artificial technology such as computers.

[0003] Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology that synthesizes virtual objects or information into the real environment to make them appear as objects that exist in the original environment.

[0004] Mixed reality (MR) or hybrid reality refers to the creation of new environments or information by merging the virtual and real worlds. In particular, it refers to real-time interaction between real and virtual worlds.

[0005] At this time, the created virtual environments and situations stimulate the user's five senses, allowing them to experience spatial and temporal experiences similar to reality, freely moving between reality and imagination. Furthermore, users can not only immerse themselves in these environments, but also interact with the objects embodied within them, using real devices to control and command them.

[0006] Recently, active research has been conducted on the gear and devices used in these fields. However, the need for miniaturization and improved optical performance of these devices is emerging.

[0007] The embodiment provides a light guide device and an electronic device including the same, which improve reliability and prevent optical performance degradation by forming a recess or protrusion in the light guide device when using the light guide device used in AR (Augmented Reality) and the like.

[0008] In addition, the embodiment can provide a light guide device and electronic device in which vulnerability to impact is eliminated by forming an intermediate layer on the pattern layer to suppress the formation of an air gap or the like between the pattern layer and the upper layer (substrate or cover).

[0009] In addition, the embodiment can provide a light guide device and electronic device with improved reliability and prevention of deterioration of optical characteristics through a step portion and a blocking member.

[0010] The problem to be solved in the embodiment is not limited to this, and it can be said that the purpose or effect that can be understood from the solution or implementation form of the problem described below is also included.

[0011] A light guide device according to an embodiment includes: a first substrate; a first pattern layer disposed on the first substrate; a cover disposed on the first pattern layer; and a first intermediate layer disposed between the cover and the first pattern layer, wherein the first intermediate layer has a shape with a lower surface corresponding to a shape of the first pattern layer.

[0012] The above first intermediate layer may have a lower roughness compared to the upper surface.

[0013] The first intermediate layer may have a height greater than the height of the first pattern layer in the stacking direction.

[0014] The first substrate and the cover may include a first step portion, which is a groove formed on the inner side of the edge.

[0015] The above first step portion may be located on the upper surface of the first substrate or the lower surface of the cover.

[0016] It may further include a blocking member disposed on the outer side of the first substrate, the first pattern layer, the intermediate layer, and the cover.

[0017] The above blocking member may include a protrusion extending inwardly.

[0018] The above protrusion may be located on the first step.

[0019] The above protrusion can be in contact with the first substrate, the first pattern layer, the first intermediate layer, and the cover.

[0020] The outermost surface of the first intermediate layer and the first pattern layer may be positioned on the inner side compared to the outermost surface of the first substrate and the cover.

[0021] A light guide device according to an embodiment comprises: a first substrate; a first pattern layer disposed on the first substrate; a cover disposed on the first pattern layer; and a first insulating member disposed between the cover and the first substrate; wherein the first insulating member is disposed along an edge of the first substrate or the cover, and the first pattern layer includes a first recess disposed at an edge and penetrating to at least a portion of the first pattern layer or a first protrusion extending toward the cover.

[0022] The above first recess can penetrate into a portion of the first substrate.

[0023] The above first substrate can be exposed by the above first recess.

[0024] The above first recess may be spaced apart from the first substrate in the lamination direction.

[0025] In the above stacking direction, the bottom surface of the first recess may be positioned higher than the upper surface of the first substrate.

[0026] The first protrusion may have the longest length in the lamination direction in the first pattern layer.

[0027] The first protrusion may have a length in the stacking direction greater than the length in the stacking direction of a pattern other than the first protrusion in the first pattern layer.

[0028] The length in the stacking direction of the first protrusion may be at least twice the length in the stacking direction of the nano-pattern of the diffractive element in the first pattern layer.

[0029] The above first protrusion may include an upper surface and an outer surface.

[0030] The above first insulating member can be in contact with the outer surface of the above first protrusion.

[0031] The first insulating member is in contact with the upper surface of the first protrusion, and at least a portion of the first insulating member may be disposed between the upper surface of the first protrusion and the cover.

[0032] It may include a second substrate spaced apart from the first substrate; and a second pattern layer disposed on the second substrate.

[0033] It further includes a second insulating member disposed between the second substrate and the first substrate, wherein the second insulating member can be disposed along an edge of the second substrate.

[0034] The second pattern layer may be disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.

[0035] The second pattern layer may include a second recess disposed at an edge and penetrating to at least a portion of the second pattern layer or a second protrusion extending toward the first substrate.

[0036] The second recess may penetrate a portion of the second substrate or may be spaced apart from the second substrate.

[0037] The embodiment implements a light guide device and an electronic device including the same, which improve reliability and prevent optical performance degradation by forming a recess or protrusion in the light guide device when using the light guide device used in AR (Augmented Reality) and the like.

[0038] In addition, the embodiment can implement a light guide device and electronic device that are resistant to impact by forming an intermediate layer on the pattern layer to prevent the formation of an air gap or the like between the pattern layer and the upper layer (substrate or cover).

[0039] In addition, the embodiment can implement a light guide device and electronic device with improved reliability and prevention of deterioration of optical characteristics through a step portion and a blocking member.

[0040] The various advantageous and beneficial effects of the present invention are not limited to the above-described contents, and will be more easily understood in the course of explaining specific embodiments of the present invention.

[0041] FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an extended reality electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 2 is a perspective view of an augmented reality electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 is a drawing of a project device and a light guide device according to the first embodiment;

[0044] Fig. 4 is a drawing of a light guide device according to the first embodiment,

[0045] Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a first example of a light guide device according to the first embodiment;

[0046] Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a second example of a light guide device according to the first embodiment;

[0047] Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a third example of a light guide device according to the first embodiment;

[0048] Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a fourth example of a light guide device according to the first embodiment;

[0049] FIG. 9 is a drawing showing the manufacturing sequence for a fourth example of the light guide device according to the first embodiment;

[0050] Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a fifth example of a light guide device according to the first embodiment;

[0051] FIG. 11 is a drawing showing the manufacturing sequence for a fifth example of the light guide device according to the first embodiment;

[0052] Fig. 12 is a drawing of a project device and a light guide device according to the second embodiment;

[0053] Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a first example of a light guide device according to the second embodiment;

[0054] Fig. 14 is a cross-sectional view of a second example of a light guide device according to the second embodiment;

[0055] Fig. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a third example of a light guide device according to the second embodiment;

[0056] Fig. 16 is a drawing showing the manufacturing sequence for a third example of a light guide device according to the second embodiment.

[0057] Fig. 17 is a cross-sectional view of a fourth example of a light guide device according to the second embodiment;

[0058] Fig. 18 is a drawing showing the Jeju sequence for a fourth example of the light guide device according to the second embodiment.

[0059] Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.

[0060] However, the technical idea of ​​the present invention is not limited to some of the embodiments described, but can be implemented in various different forms, and within the scope of the technical idea of ​​the present invention, one or more of the components between the embodiments can be selectively combined or substituted for use.

[0061] In addition, terms (including technical and scientific terms) used in the embodiments of the present invention may be interpreted as having a meaning that can be generally understood by a person of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, unless explicitly and specifically defined and described, and terms that are commonly used, such as terms defined in a dictionary, may be interpreted in consideration of the contextual meaning of the relevant technology.

[0062] Additionally, the terms used in the embodiments of the present invention are intended to describe the embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0063] In this specification, the singular may also include the plural unless specifically stated otherwise in the phrase, and when it is described as “A and / or at least one (or more) of B, C”, it may include one or more of all combinations that can be combined with A, B, C.

[0064] Additionally, in describing components of embodiments of the present invention, terms such as first, second, A, B, (a), (b), etc. may be used.

[0065] These terms are intended only to distinguish one component from another, and are not intended to limit the nature, order, or sequence of the component.

[0066] And, when a component is described as being 'connected', 'coupled' or 'connected' to another component, it may include not only cases where the component is directly connected, coupled or connected to the other component, but also cases where the component is 'connected', 'coupled' or 'connected' by another component between the component and the other component.

[0067] Additionally, when described as being formed or arranged "above or below" each component, "above" or "below" includes not only cases where the two components are in direct contact with each other, but also cases where one or more other components are formed or arranged between the two components. Furthermore, when expressed as "above" or "below", it can include the meaning of a downward direction as well as an upward direction based on one component.

[0068] FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an extended reality electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0069] Referring to FIG. 1, the extended reality electronic device (20) may include a wireless communication unit (21), an input unit (22), a sensing unit (23), an output unit (24), an interface unit (25), a memory (26), a control unit (27), and a power supply unit (28). The components illustrated in FIG. 1 are not essential for implementing the electronic device (20), and thus, the electronic device (20) described in this specification may have more or fewer components than the components listed above.

[0070] More specifically, among the above components, the wireless communication unit (21) may include one or more modules that enable wireless communication between the electronic device (20) and a wireless communication system, between the electronic device (20) and another electronic device, or between the electronic device (20) and an external server. In addition, the wireless communication unit (21) may include one or more modules that connect the electronic device (20) to one or more networks.

[0071] The wireless communication unit (21) may include at least one of a broadcast reception module, a mobile communication module, a wireless Internet module, a short-range communication module, and a location information module.

[0072] The input unit (22) may include a camera or video input unit for inputting video signals, a microphone or audio input unit for inputting audio signals, and a user input unit (e.g., a touch key, a mechanical key, etc.) for receiving information from a user. Voice data or image data collected from the input unit (22) may be analyzed and processed into a user's control command.

[0073] The sensing unit (23) may include one or more sensors for sensing at least one of information within the electronic device (20), information about the surrounding environment surrounding the electronic device (20), and user information.

[0074] For example, the sensing unit (23) may include at least one of a proximity sensor, an illumination sensor, a touch sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a G-sensor, a gyroscope sensor, a motion sensor, an RGB sensor, an infrared sensor (IR sensor), a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor (e.g., a photographing device), a microphone, a battery gauge, an environmental sensor (e.g., a barometer, a hygrometer, a thermometer, a radiation detection sensor, a heat detection sensor, a gas detection sensor, etc.), and a chemical sensor (e.g., an electronic nose, a healthcare sensor, a biometric recognition sensor, etc.).

[0075] Meanwhile, the electronic device (20) disclosed in this specification can utilize information sensed by at least two of these sensors in combination.

[0076] The output unit (24) is for generating output related to visual, auditory, or tactile sensations, and may include at least one of a display unit, an audio output unit, a haptic module, and an optical output unit. The display unit may be formed as a touch screen by forming a mutual layer structure with a touch sensor or by forming an integral structure. This touch screen may function as a user input means that provides an input interface between the augmented reality electronic device (20) and the user, and at the same time, may provide an output interface between the augmented reality electronic device (20) and the user.

[0077] The interface unit (25) serves as a passageway for various types of external devices connected to the electronic device (20). Through the interface unit (25), the electronic device (20) can receive virtual reality or augmented reality content from the external device, and can perform mutual interaction by exchanging various input signals, sensing signals, and data.

[0078] For example, the interface unit (25) may include at least one of a wired / wireless headset port, an external charger port, a wired / wireless data port, a memory card port, a port for connecting a device equipped with an identification module, an audio I / O (Input / Output) port, a video I / O (Input / Output) port, and an earphone port.

[0079] In addition, the memory (26) stores data that supports various functions of the electronic device (20). The memory (26) can store a plurality of application programs (or applications) that run on the electronic device (20), data for the operation of the electronic device (20), and commands. At least some of these application programs can be downloaded from an external server via wireless communication. In addition, at least some of these application programs can exist on the electronic device (20) from the time of shipment for the basic functions of the electronic device (20) (e.g., call receiving and making functions, message receiving and making functions).

[0080] In addition to operations related to the application program, the control unit (27) typically controls the overall operation of the electronic device (20). The control unit (27) can process signals, data, information, etc. input or output through the components discussed above.

[0081] In addition, the control unit (27) can control at least some of the components by driving an application program stored in the memory (26) to provide appropriate information to the user or process a function. Furthermore, the control unit (27) can operate at least two or more of the components included in the electronic device (20) in combination with each other to drive the application program.

[0082] In addition, the control unit (27) can detect the movement of the electronic device (20) or the user by using a gyroscope sensor, gravity sensor, motion sensor, etc. included in the sensing unit (23). Alternatively, the control unit (27) can detect an object approaching the electronic device (20) or the user by using a proximity sensor, a light sensor, a magnetic sensor, an infrared sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, etc. included in the sensing unit (23). In addition, the control unit (27) can also detect the movement of the user by using sensors provided in a controller that operates in conjunction with the electronic device (20).

[0083] Additionally, the control unit (27) can perform operations (or functions) of the electronic device (20) using an application program stored in the memory (26).

[0084] The power supply unit (28) receives external power or internal power under the control of the control unit (27) and supplies power to each component included in the electronic device (20). The power supply unit (28) includes a battery, and the battery may be provided in a built-in or replaceable form.

[0085] At least some of the above components may cooperate with each other to implement the operation, control, or control method of the electronic device according to various embodiments described below. In addition, the operation, control, or control method of the electronic device may be implemented on the electronic device by driving at least one application program stored in the memory (26).

[0086] Hereinafter, an electronic device described as an example of the present invention will be described based on an embodiment applied to a wearable device (e.g., VR / AR / MR Glass). However, embodiments of the electronic device according to the present invention may include a mobile phone, a smart phone, a laptop computer, a digital broadcasting terminal, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigation device, a slate PC, a tablet PC, an ultrabook, and a wearable device. In addition to a head-mounted display (HMD), the wearable device may include a smart watch, a contact lens, VR / AR / MR Glass, and the like.

[0087] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an augmented reality electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0088] As illustrated in FIG. 2, an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a frame (100), a projector device (200), and a display unit (300).

[0089] The electronic device may be provided as a glass type (smart glass). The glass type electronic device is configured to be worn on the head of the human body and may include a frame (case, housing, etc.) (100) for this purpose. The frame (100) may be formed of a flexible material to facilitate wearing.

[0090] The frame (100) is supported by the head and provides a space for mounting various components. As illustrated, electronic components such as a projector device (200), a user input unit (130), or an audio output unit (140) may be mounted on the frame (100). In addition, a lens covering at least one of the left and right eyes may be detachably mounted on the frame (100).

[0091] The frame (100) may have a shape of glasses worn on the face of the user's body as shown in the drawing, but is not necessarily limited thereto, and may also have a shape of goggles or the like worn in close contact with the user's face.

[0092] Such a frame (100) may include a front frame (110) having at least one opening, and a pair of side frames (120) extending in the y direction (in FIG. 2) intersecting the front frame (110) and being parallel to each other.

[0093] The frame (100) may have the same or different length (DI) in the x direction and length (LI) in the y direction.

[0094] The projector device (200) is provided to control various electronic components provided in an electronic device. The projector device (200) may be used interchangeably with 'optical output device', 'optical projector device', 'light irradiation device', 'optical device', 'projector', etc.

[0095] The projector device (200) can generate an image or a video of a sequence of images that are displayed to the user. The projector device (200) can include an image source panel that generates an image and a plurality of lenses that diffuse and converge light generated from the image source panel.

[0096] The project device (200) may be fixed to one of the two side frames (120). For example, the project device (200) may be fixed to the inside or outside of one of the side frames (120), or may be integrally formed by being built into the inside of one of the side frames (120). Alternatively, the project device (200) may be fixed to the front frame (110) or may be provided separately from the electronic device.

[0097] The display unit (300) may be implemented in the form of VR / AR / MR Glasses or a Head Mounted Display (HMD). The HMD form refers to a display method that is mounted on the head and directly shows an image in front of the user's eyes. When the user wears the electronic device, the display unit (300) may be positioned to correspond to at least one of the left and right eyes so that the image can be directly provided in front of the user's eyes. In this drawing, the display unit (300) is positioned in a part corresponding to the right eye so as to output an image toward the user's right eye. However, as described above, the display unit (300) is not limited thereto and may be positioned for both the left and right eyes.

[0098] The display unit (300) can allow the user to visually perceive the external environment while simultaneously displaying images generated by the projector device (200). For example, the display unit (300) can project images onto the display area using a prism.

[0099] The display unit (300) may be formed to be translucent so that the projected image and the general field of view in front (the range that the user sees through his or her eyes) can be viewed simultaneously. For example, the display unit (300) may be translucent and may be formed of an optical member including glass. For example, the display unit (300) may be a light guide device or may include a light guide device.

[0100] And the display unit (300) can be inserted into and fixed to an opening included in the front frame (110), or can be positioned on the back side of the opening (e.g., between the opening and the user) and fixed to the front frame (110). In the drawing, the display unit (300) is positioned on the back side of the opening and fixed to the front frame (110) as an example, but the display unit (300) can be positioned and fixed to various positions of the frame (100).

[0101] As illustrated in FIG. 2, when the electronic device projects image light from the projector device (200) onto one side of the display unit (300), the image light is emitted to the other side through the display unit (300), thereby allowing the user to see the image generated from the projector device (200).

[0102] Accordingly, the user can view the external environment through the opening of the frame (100) and simultaneously view the image generated by the projector device (200). That is, the image output through the display unit (300) can be seen to overlap with the general field of view. By utilizing these display characteristics, electronic devices can provide augmented reality (AR) that superimposes a virtual image on a real image or background and shows it as a single image.

[0103] Furthermore, in addition to these operations, images generated by the external environment and the projector device (200) may be provided to the user with a time difference for a short period of time that is not recognized by the user. For example, within a single frame, the external environment may be provided to the user during one section, and images from the projector device (200) may be provided to the user during another section.

[0104] Alternatively, both overlap and time difference may be provided.

[0105] Additionally, the projector device according to the embodiment may have a structure described below, or may be configured with a structure further including a waveguide and / or glass. Additionally, the projector device may include a DLP (Digital Light Processing) projector or a projector device.

[0106] FIG. 3 is a drawing of a projector device and a light guide device according to the first embodiment, FIG. 4 is a drawing of a light guide device according to the first embodiment, FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a first example of a light guide device according to the first embodiment, FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a second example of a light guide device according to the first embodiment, FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a third example of a light guide device according to the first embodiment, FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a fourth example of a light guide device according to the first embodiment, FIG. 9 is a drawing showing a manufacturing sequence for the fourth example of a light guide device according to the first embodiment, FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a fifth example of a light guide device according to the first embodiment, and FIG. 11 is a drawing showing a manufacturing sequence for the fifth example of a light guide device according to the first embodiment.

[0107] Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, in the present embodiment, the light guide device (300) may or may not include a projector device (200).

[0108] First, the project device (200) according to the embodiment may include a light source unit, a housing, a lens unit, a light modulator, and a projection lens unit.

[0109] The housing may have a space or housing groove in which each component of the project device (200) is accommodated or placed. The housing may be located at the outermost side of the project device (200).

[0110] Additionally, the housing may have an open structure on one side. Accordingly, each of the aforementioned components may be assembled through the open area or surface. The housing may have various shapes. For example, the housing may have a hexahedral structure. Accordingly, the project device according to the embodiment can be easily mounted on an electronic device. Furthermore, the project device according to the embodiment can be easily miniaturized or compacted.

[0111] The light source unit may be positioned within the housing. The light source unit may be positioned adjacent to any one of the outer surfaces of the housing.

[0112] The light source unit may include at least one light source. If there are multiple light sources, the light sources may emit light of different wavelength bands or colors.

[0113] The lens unit may be composed of at least one optical element (e.g., a lens). The lens unit may focus light. This configuration may reduce the loss of light emitted from the light source unit and facilitate a reduction in the volume of the projector device.

[0114] Additionally, the lens unit can align or change the path of the light beam, including a relay lens, etc. Additionally, the lens unit can adjust the size of the light or image (maximum area of ​​the light beam) provided by the illumination system, or compensate for optical differences.

[0115] And the lens unit may include an element that changes the optical path (e.g., a prism, etc.).

[0116] For example, the lens unit may include a total internal reflection prism (TIR prism). The prism can change the direction of light propagation as described above. That is, the prism can transmit and reflect light. This configuration allows for miniaturization of the projector device according to the embodiment.

[0117] An optical modulator may be placed at the rear end of the prism. The optical modulator can re-emit light transmitted through the prism. The optical modulator can project an image by reflecting the incident light. For example, the optical modulator can emit or project an image or image based on an incident image signal through a substrate or the like. In other words, the optical modulator can modulate the light emitted from the light source.

[0118] The optical modulator according to the embodiment may include a digital micromirror device (DMD). The optical modulator may include a plurality of small mirrors. The optical modulator may include various optical modulation devices, such as an Lcos.

[0119] The projection lens unit may be positioned at the rear end of the prism. When light emitted from the light modulator is reflected by the prism, the light reflected by the prism may be incident on the projection lens unit. The light described above may be projected from the projection lens unit. The projection lens unit may project the light emitted from the projector device onto a screen or waveguide (or display unit).

[0120] In an embodiment, the projection lens unit can adjust the size of the image so that light enters within the effective aperture diameter (entrance pupil diameter, EPD) of the waveguide or the like.

[0121] A project device according to an embodiment may include an illuminating system and a projecting system (or a projecting system, a projecting unit, a projection unit, a projection unit, etc.).

[0122] This lighting system includes a light source, a lens, and a prism as components, and can receive light from a light source (illumination light) and emit light in a predetermined direction. The illumination light can be transmitted to or provided to a light modulator of a projection system.

[0123] The projection system may include a prism, a light modulator, and a projection lens. The projection system may include the prism as a component. In an embodiment, the prism may be an element of both the illumination system and the projection system.

[0124] Furthermore, the projection system may further include the above-described illumination system. That is, the projection system may modulate illumination light generated in the illumination system through a light modulator and emit or diverge the light in a predetermined direction through a prism and a projection lens unit.

[0125] The light modulator reflects the illumination light into patterned light, and the patterned light can pass through the projection lens section and be output to the outside of the projector device.

[0126] Additionally, the output of the project device and the input of the waveguide or wavelength guide (waveguide) or light guide device can be positioned correspondingly.

[0127] And according to an embodiment, the light guide device (300) may include a projector device (200), a substrate, and a diffractive element (diffractive element region). Alternatively, the light guide device (300) may include a substrate and a diffractive element (diffractive element region). Furthermore, the light guide device (300) may include an optical member (330). The diffractive element (diffractive element region) may be formed of at least one of a transmissive type and a reflective type. For example, when the diffractive element is a transmissive type, the diffractive element region may be located on a surface of the substrate adjacent to the projector. And when the diffractive element is a reflective type, the diffractive element region may be located on a surface of the substrate that is disposed far from the projector. Furthermore, a plurality of diffractive element regions may exist on one substrate, and each region may be formed of either a reflective type or a transmissive type.

[0128] The light guide device (300) according to the first embodiment may include a first substrate (311) and a first diffractive element portion (312, 313, 314). Furthermore, the light guide device (300) according to the embodiment may include a projector device (hereinafter referred to as a projector) (200). As described above, the light guide device (300) may be a structure separate from the projector (200).

[0129] And the first diffractive element portion according to the embodiment may include a plurality of diffractive element regions. The first diffractive element portion is arranged on the first substrate (311) and may have a nano-scale pattern. Accordingly, the first diffractive element portion may be referred to as a "first pattern layer", a "first pattern", etc. Hereinafter, the first diffractive element portion will be described interchangeably with the first pattern layer.

[0130] The diffractive element portion can be formed by various methods. For example, the diffractive element portion can be formed on a substrate by deposition.

[0131] And through this, the first diffraction element section can guide by diffracting light incident from the projector (200). For example, the first diffraction element section can include a first diffraction element region (312) and a second diffraction element region (314). Furthermore, the first diffraction element section can include a third diffraction element region (313) located between the first diffraction element region (312) and the second diffraction element region (314). The first diffraction element region (312) can correspond to an 'in-coupler'. The second diffraction element region (314) can correspond to an 'out-coupler'. The third diffraction element region (313) can correspond to a folding grating.

[0132] The light guide device (300) can change the path of light that is output from the light output unit and then output the light to the outside again. The light can sequentially enter the first diffraction element region (312), the third diffraction element region (313), and the second diffraction element region (314) and be output to the outside again. The direction in which the light is incident to the light guide device (300) can be the first direction. The first direction can mean the direction in which the light is incident or the opposite direction.

[0133] In an embodiment, the first substrate (311) can guide the light emitted from the projector (200). The first substrate (311) can serve as a path for transmitting the light. The first diffractive element region (312), the third diffractive element region (313), and the second diffractive element region (314) can be arranged on the first substrate (311). The light can be totally reflected within the first substrate (311) and travel along the interior of the first substrate (311). The first substrate (311) can be a waveguide.

[0134] And the first diffraction element region (312), the third diffraction element region (313), and the second diffraction element region (314) may be spaced apart from each other on the first substrate (311). The first substrate (311) may extend in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction in which light is incident. The refractive index of the first substrate (311) may be 1.4 to 2.0.

[0135] The first diffraction element region (312) can guide light to enter the first substrate (311). That is, the first diffraction element region (312) can serve as a light guide. Alternatively, the first diffraction element region (312) can receive light. That is, the first diffraction element region (312) can serve as a guide to enter the first substrate (311).

[0136] Additionally, the first diffractive element region (312) may be arranged on the first substrate (311). Light may be incident from the outside or the projector (200) through the first diffractive element region (312) onto the light guide device (300) and may be transmitted along the first substrate (311) to the second diffractive element region (314) and the third diffractive element region (313). In addition, the first diffractive element region (312) may change the path of the light by diffracting the light.

[0137] The third diffraction element region (313) can play a role in changing the path of light. The third diffraction element region (313) can be arranged on the first substrate (311). The third diffraction element region (313) can change the path of light incident through the first diffraction element region (312). The third diffraction element region (313) can change the path of light and guide the light toward the second diffraction element region (314). The third diffraction element region (313) can change the path of light by diffracting the light.

[0138] The second diffraction element region (314) can serve to guide light to be emitted to the outside (e.g., a user, etc.). The second diffraction element region (314) can be arranged on the first substrate (311). Light can be emitted to the outside of the light guide device (300) through the second diffraction element region (314). The second diffraction element region (314) can receive light whose path has been changed from the third diffraction element region (313) and emitted the light to the outside. The second diffraction element region (314) can change the path of the light and emitted it to the outside. The second diffraction element region (314) can change the path of the light by diffracting the light. The second diffraction element region (314) can be arranged to be spaced apart from the first diffraction element region (312). And the second diffraction element region (314) can emit light.

[0139] The first diffractive element region (312), the third diffractive element region (313), and the second diffractive element region (314) may include a plurality of protrusions. The plurality of protrusions may have a constant width, period, and height and may be arranged on the first diffractive element region (312), the third diffractive element region (313), and the second diffractive element region (314). The plurality of protrusions may protrude in a first direction (or in a stacking direction or a direction opposite to the stacking direction) on the first diffractive element region (312), the third diffractive element region (313), and the second diffractive element region (314). The plurality of protrusions may be arranged to be spaced apart from each other in a vector direction of a pattern including the protrusions. Depending on the width, period, and height of the plurality of protrusions, the path of light after passing through the first diffractive element region (312), the third diffractive element region (313), and the second diffractive element region (314) may be changed differently. The width of a protrusion may refer to the width in the vector direction of the pattern including the protrusion of the protrusion. The period of a protrusion may refer to the distance in the vector direction of the pattern including the protrusion between one side of the protrusion and the same side of an adjacent protrusion. The height of a protrusion may refer to the height of a portion protruding in the first direction of the protrusion. These protrusions may be arranged to have a predetermined pattern.

[0140] In an embodiment, the first diffractive element region (312), the third diffractive element region (313), and the second diffractive element region (314) may be formed of the same material or different materials. For example, the first diffractive element region (312), the third diffractive element region (313), and the second diffractive element region (314) may be formed of the same material. In addition, the refractive indices of the first diffractive element region (312), the third diffractive element region (313), and the second diffractive element region (314) may be 1.7 to 2.7.

[0141] Furthermore, the outline (boundary area) of the first diffraction element region (312) and the outline (boundary area) of the third diffraction element region (313) do not overlap each other. If they overlap, some of the light incident from the third diffraction element region (313) to the second diffraction element region (314) is blocked, so that the blocked area may not produce an image from the second diffraction element region (314). If the outline (boundary area) of the first diffraction element region (312) and the outline (boundary area) of the third diffraction element region (313) overlap each other, efficiency decreases, so it is preferable that the outline (boundary area) of the first diffraction element region (312) and the outline (boundary area) of the third diffraction element region (313) do not overlap each other.

[0142] The third diffraction element region (313) according to the embodiment may include a first region (313a) adjacent to the second diffraction element region (314) and a second region (1320) in contact with the first region (313a) and spaced apart from the second diffraction element region (314).

[0143] The first region (313a) and the second region (1320) may refer to a portion of the third diffraction element region (313). The first region (313a) and the second region (313b) may be two regions that are divided from each other when the third diffraction element region (313) is viewed in the stacking direction (or the first direction) in which the optical signal is incident. The first region (313a) may be a region adjacent to the second diffraction element region (314) of the third diffraction element region (313). The first region (313a) may be a region adjacent to the first diffraction element region (312) of the third diffraction element region (313). The second region (313b) may be a region spaced apart from the second diffraction element region (314) of the third diffraction element region (313). The second region (313b) may be a region spaced apart from the first diffraction element region (312) of the third diffraction element region (313). The distance between the first region (313a) and the second diffraction element region (314) may be smaller than the distance between the second region (313b) and the second diffraction element region (314). The shapes or areas of the first region (313a) and the second region (313b) may be different from each other. The first region (313a) and the second region (313b) may each include a plurality of surfaces. Some surfaces of the first region (313a) and some surfaces of the second region (313b) may be in contact with each other.

[0144] The first region (313a) includes a first pattern, and the first pattern includes a first protrusion protruding in a first direction. The second region (313b) may include a second pattern and a second protrusion protruding in the first direction. The first protrusion and the second protrusion may be portions protruding in the first direction from the first region (313a) and the second region (313b), respectively. The first direction may be a direction in which light from the projector is incident on the first diffractive element region (312). The first direction may mean the direction in which light is incident or the opposite direction. The first direction means a direction perpendicular to the first substrate (311).

[0145] The first protrusion and the second protrusion may be arranged repeatedly with a certain period, width, and height on the first region (313a) and the second region (313b). The plurality of first protrusions may be arranged perpendicular to the first direction and spaced apart from each other in the vector direction of the first region (313a) of the third diffractive element region (313). The plurality of second protrusions may be arranged perpendicular to the first direction and spaced apart from each other in the vector direction of the second region (313b) of the third diffractive element region (313).

[0146] In addition, the first diffraction element region (312), the second diffraction element region (314), and the third diffraction element region (313) may be connected to each other or spaced apart from each other. For example, at least some of the first diffraction element region (312), the second diffraction element region (314), and the third diffraction element region (313) may have a portion that is connected to each other between patterns. According to this configuration, the manufacturing of each of the first diffraction element region (312), the second diffraction element region (314), and the third diffraction element region (313) may be easy. In addition, at least some of the first diffraction element region (312), the second diffraction element region (314), and the third diffraction element region (313) may be formed spaced apart from each other. That is, the first diffraction element region (312), the second diffraction element region (314), and the third diffraction element region (313) may not have any interconnected portions. As a result, other light transmissions than diffraction due to the pattern can be suppressed, thereby improving accuracy and efficiency.

[0147] And the optical member (330) can be arranged on the first substrate (311), the first diffraction element region (312), the third diffraction element region (313), and the second diffraction element region (314). The optical member (330) can be arranged adjacent to the projector (200) on the first substrate (311), the first diffraction element region (312), the third diffraction element region (313), and the second diffraction element region (314). Light can pass through the optical member (330) and enter the first diffraction element region (312). The optical member (330) can have an effect of protecting the inside of the light guide device (300). The refractive index of the optical member (330) can be 1.4 to 1.55. The refractive index of the optical member (330) can be, for example, about 1.5. The optical member (330) may be called a ‘cover’, ‘cover glass’, etc.

[0148] Furthermore, in the light guide device according to each embodiment below, the stacking direction (first direction) is described as the illustrated 'S-axis direction'. In addition, the stacking direction (S-axis direction) may correspond to the direction from the first substrate (311) toward the cover (330) or the direction from the second substrate (321) toward the first substrate (311) or the cover (330).

[0149] Referring to FIG. 5, the light guide device according to the first example may include a first substrate (311), a first pattern layer (PT1) on the first substrate (311), a cover (330) on the first pattern layer (PT1), and a first insulating member (IM1) disposed between the cover (330) and the first substrate (311). Except for the contents described below, the above-described contents may be equally applied.

[0150] According to an embodiment, the first pattern layer (PT1) may be disposed at an edge and may include a first recess (RS1) penetrating at least a portion of the first pattern layer (PT1) or a first protrusion (PR, see FIG. 7) extending toward the cover (330). In the present example, the first pattern layer (PT1) may include a first recess (RS1) disposed at an edge. The first recess (RS1) may penetrate the first pattern layer (PT1).

[0151] In this example, the first recess (RS1) penetrates the first pattern layer (PT1) and further penetrates a portion of the first substrate (311). As a result, the first substrate (311) can be exposed by the first recess (RS1).

[0152] And the first insulating member (IM1) can be arranged along the edge of the first substrate (311) or the cover (330). In particular, a portion of the first insulating member (IM1) can be inserted into the first recess (RS1). Accordingly, a portion of the first insulating member (IM1) can be arranged in the first recess (RS1). Accordingly, the first insulating member (IM1) can overlap the entire first pattern layer (PT1) in a horizontal direction. The horizontal direction is a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction (S-axis direction).

[0153] In addition, the bottom surface (ES) of the first recess (RS1) may be positioned lower than the top surface of the first substrate (311) in the stacking direction (S-axis direction). In other words, the bottom surface (ES) of the first recess (RS1) may be positioned lower than the top surface (the surface in contact with the first pattern layer) of the first substrate (311). In addition, the depth (d1) of the first recess (RS1) may be greater than the thickness (d2) of the first pattern layer (PT1) penetrated by the first recess (RS1).

[0154] Additionally, at least a portion of the first insulating member (IM1) may overlap the first substrate (311) in a horizontal direction.

[0155] And the length or thickness (d3) of the first insulating member (IM1) in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) may be greater than the depth (d1) of the first recess (RS1) or the thickness (d2) of the first pattern layer (PT1) penetrated by the first recess (RS1).

[0156] By this configuration, the first insulating member (IM1) may not overflow onto the inner first pattern layer (PT1). Accordingly, the first pattern layer (PT1) may be prevented from experiencing deterioration in its optical properties as a diffractive element.

[0157] In addition, the inflow of foreign substances, etc. into the first pattern layer (PT1) can be suppressed by the first insulating member (IM1). In addition, the bonding strength between the first substrate (311) and the cover (330) can be further enhanced by the first insulating member (IM1). As a result, the structural reliability of the light guide device (300) can be improved.

[0158] Additionally, for example, the gap between the first pattern layer (PT1) and the cover may be 40 μm to 60 μm. And the length in the lamination direction of the first substrate (311) and the first pattern layer (PT1) may be 400 μm to 600 μm. This may be equally applied to the second pattern layer, the second substrate, and the first substrate described below.

[0159] Referring to FIG. 6, the light guide device according to the second example may include a first substrate (311), a first pattern layer (PT1) on the first substrate (311), a cover (330) on the first pattern layer (PT1), and a first insulating member (IM1) disposed between the cover (330) and the first substrate (311). As described above, the above-described contents may be equally applied, except for the contents described below.

[0160] According to this example, the first pattern layer (PT1) is arranged at an edge and may include a first recess (RS1) penetrating into a portion of the first pattern layer (PT1).

[0161] In this example, the first recess (RS1) penetrates a portion of the first pattern layer (PT1), so that a portion of the first pattern layer (PT1) can be exposed by the first recess (RS1).

[0162] And the first insulating member (IM1) may be arranged along the edge of the first substrate (311) or the cover (330). In particular, a portion of the first insulating member (IM1) may be inserted into the first recess (RS1). Accordingly, a portion of the first insulating member (IM1) may be arranged in the first recess (RS1). Accordingly, the first insulating member (IM1) may overlap a portion of the first pattern layer (PT1) in the horizontal direction. The horizontal direction is a direction perpendicular to the lamination direction (S-axis direction). A portion of the first pattern layer (PT1) and the first insulating member (IM1) may not overlap in the horizontal direction.

[0163] However, the first insulating member (IM1) may be disposed on the first substrate (311). The bottom surface (ES) of the first recess (RS1) may be positioned on the upper surface of the first substrate (311). That is, the bottom surface (ES) of the first recess (RS1) may be positioned higher than the upper surface of the first substrate (311) in the stacking direction (S-axis direction). In other words, the bottom surface (ES) of the first recess (RS1) may be positioned above the upper surface (the surface in contact with the first pattern layer) of the first substrate (311).

[0164] Additionally, the depth (d1') of the first recess (RS1) may be smaller than the thickness (d2') of the first pattern layer (PT1) penetrated by the first recess (RS1).

[0165] Additionally, the first insulating member (IM1) may not overlap with the first substrate (311) in the horizontal direction. In other words, the first insulating member (IM1) may be positioned so as to be misaligned with the first substrate (311) in the horizontal direction.

[0166] And the length or thickness (d3') of the first insulating member (IM1) in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) may be greater than the depth (d1') of the first recess (RS1).

[0167] By this configuration, the first insulating member (IM1) may not overflow onto the inner first pattern layer (PT1). Accordingly, the first pattern layer (PT1) may be prevented from experiencing deterioration in its optical properties as a diffractive element.

[0168] In addition, the inflow of foreign substances, etc. into the first pattern layer (PT1) can be suppressed by the first insulating member (IM1). In addition, the bonding strength between the first substrate (311) and the cover (330) can be further enhanced by the first insulating member (IM1). As a result, the structural reliability of the light guide device (300) can be improved.

[0169] Furthermore, since the first substrate (311) is not exposed by the first recess (RS1), the influence on light guiding through the first substrate (311) can be suppressed. Accordingly, light efficiency can also be improved.

[0170] In addition, although the first and second examples only show a structure in which the first insulating member (IM1) is inserted into the first recess (RS1) and extends from the first recess (RS1) toward the cover (330), the first insulating member (IM1) may also be placed in an area that does not overlap with the first recess (RS1) in the lamination direction. For example, the first insulating member (IM1) may also be present on the inside or outside of the first recess (RS1).

[0171] Referring to FIG. 7, a light guide device according to a third example may include a first substrate (311), a first pattern layer (PT1) on the first substrate (311), a cover (330) on the first pattern layer (PT1), and a first insulating member (IM1) disposed between the cover (330) and the first substrate (311). Except for the contents described below, the above-described contents may be equally applied.

[0172] According to an embodiment, the first pattern layer (PT1) may be disposed at an edge and may include a first protrusion (PR1) extending toward the cover (330). In this example, the first pattern layer (PT1) may be disposed at an edge and may include a first protrusion (PR1) other than the aforementioned recess. The first protrusion (PR1) may extend along the stacking direction (S-axis direction) as a part of the first pattern layer (PT1).

[0173] The first protrusion (PR1) may have the longest length extending in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) from the first pattern layer (PT1). For example, the first protrusion (PR1) may have a length (d4) in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) that is greater than a length (d5) in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) of a pattern other than the first protrusion (PR1) from the first pattern layer (PT1). By this configuration, when the first insulating member (IM1) is applied, the first insulating member (IM1) may not overflow into a pattern located inside the first pattern layer (PT1). As a result, the first pattern layer (PT1) may be suppressed from deteriorating optical characteristics as a diffractive element.

[0174] In addition, the inflow of foreign substances into the first pattern layer (PT1) can be prevented by the first protrusion (PR1) as well as the first insulating member (IM1) outside the first protrusion (PR1).

[0175] In addition, the bonding strength between the first substrate (311) and the cover (330) can be further improved by the first protrusion (PR1) and the first insulating member (IM1). As a result, the structural reliability of the light guide device (300) can be improved.

[0176] Specifically, the first protrusion (PR1) is arranged at the edge of the first pattern layer (PT1), and may also be arranged at the edge on the first substrate (311). In addition, the length (d4) of the first protrusion (PR1) in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) may be at least twice the length (d5) in the stacking direction of the nano-pattern of the diffractive element on the first pattern layer (PT1). As a result, the suppression force against the application of insulating materials, etc., may be further improved.

[0177] Additionally, the first protrusion (PR1) may include an upper surface (PUS) and an outer surface (POS). The upper surface (PUS) of the first protrusion (PR1) may be in contact with the cover (330). For example, the upper surface (PUS) of the first protrusion (PR1) may be adjacent to the lower surface of the cover (330). Alternatively, the upper surface (PUS) of the first protrusion (PR1) may be spaced apart from the cover (330).

[0178] And the outer surface (POS) of the first protrusion (PR1) can be in contact with the first insulating member (IM1). The first insulating member (IM1) can be positioned adjacent to the first protrusion (PR1). And the first insulating member (IM1) can be positioned on the outer side of the first protrusion (PR1). By the first insulating member (IM1) being in contact with the outer surface (POS) of the first protrusion (PR1), the inflow of foreign substances, etc. into the inner first pattern layer (PT1) can be more effectively blocked.

[0179] In addition, the first insulating member (IM1) is in contact with the outer surface (POS) of the first protrusion (PR1), and further, may be in contact with a portion of the upper surface (PUS) of the first protrusion (PR1). That is, at least a portion of the first insulating member (IM1) may be positioned between the upper surface (PUS) of the first protrusion (PR1) and the cover (330). Therefore, at least a portion of the first insulating member (IM1) may be in contact with the first protrusion (PR1) in the stacking direction (S-axis direction). In addition, the first insulating member (IM1) may overlap with the first protrusion (PR1) in the horizontal direction. By this configuration, the bonding force between the first protrusion (PR1) and the cover (330) is improved, and the gap or other space between the first protrusion (PR1) and the cover (330) is filled, so that the first insulating material (IM1), such as epoxy, may not adhere to each pattern of the first pattern layer (PT1). As a result, the deterioration of optical performance can be suppressed. Hereinafter, the description will be made based on the first protrusion (PR1) being in contact with the cover as shown in the drawing.

[0180] Furthermore, as a variation, the first recess described above may be located on the inside or outside of the first protrusion (PR1). When the first recess is located on the inside of the first protrusion (PR1), the first insulating member (IM1) may not be inserted into the first recess, but may be located on the outside of the first recess and the first protrusion (PR1). As a result, the first insulating member, such as epoxy, may be effectively suppressed from flowing into the first pattern layer (PT1) as much as possible.

[0181] In addition, the first recess may be positioned on the outside of the first protrusion (PR1). At this time, the first insulating member (IM1) may be positioned in the first recess as described above. In addition, the first insulating member (IM1) may be positioned on the outside of the first recess. In this case, the first recess may be positioned between the first protrusion (PR1) and the first insulating member (IM1). In other words, the first protrusion (PR1), the first recess, and the first insulating member (IM1) may be sequentially positioned toward the outside.

[0182] By these configurations, the inflow of foreign substances or insulating material components into the first pattern layer (PT1) can be suppressed to the greatest extent possible.

[0183] Referring to FIGS. 8 and 9, the light guide device according to the fourth example may include a first substrate (311), a first pattern layer (PT1) on the first substrate (311), and a cover (330) on the first pattern layer (PT1).

[0184] Furthermore, the light guide device may include a first intermediate layer (ML1) disposed on the first pattern layer (PT1) and a blocking member (BM) disposed on the outside. Except for the contents described below, the above-described contents may be equally applied.

[0185] According to an embodiment, the first intermediate layer (ML1) may be positioned between the first substrate (311) and the cover (330) or between the first pattern layer (PT1) and the cover (330).

[0186] Additionally, the first substrate (311) may include the first recess or the first protrusion at the edge as described above.

[0187] And the first intermediate layer (ML1) and the first pattern layer (PT1) may be positioned on the inner side compared to the first substrate (311) and the cover (330). For example, the first intermediate layer (ML1) and the first pattern layer (PT1) may be positioned on the inner side compared to the outermost surface of the first substrate (311) and the cover (330). That is, the outermost surface of the first intermediate layer (ML1) and the first pattern layer (PT1) may be positioned on the inner side compared to the outermost surface of the first substrate (311) and the cover (330). And the first substrate (311) and the cover (330) may not overlap at least a portion of the first intermediate layer (ML1) or the first pattern layer (PT1) in the lamination direction (S-axis direction).

[0188] Furthermore, the first substrate (311) and the cover (330) may include a first step portion (ST1), which is a groove formed on the inner side of the edge. For example, the first step portion (ST1) may be located on the upper surface of the first substrate (311) or the lower surface of the cover (330).

[0189] In response to this, the blocking member (BM) may have a protrusion (PB) that protrudes or extends inward while being disposed on the outer side of the first substrate (311), the first pattern layer (PT1), the first intermediate layer (ML1), and the cover (330). The protrusion (PB) is located at the first step (ST1) and may be in contact with the first substrate (311), the first pattern layer (PT1), the first intermediate layer (ML1), and the cover (330). The protrusion (PB) may overlap the first substrate (311) and the cover (330) in the lamination direction (S-axis direction).

[0190] By this configuration, the bonding strength between the blocking member (BM) and other components (the first substrate (311), the first pattern layer (PT1), the first intermediate layer (ML1), and the cover (330)) can be improved. That is, the reliability of the light guide device according to the embodiment can be improved.

[0191] In addition, the blocking member (BM) may be made of a light-blocking material or the like, and may be positioned on the outside of the light guide device to surround the first substrate (311), the first pattern layer (PT1), the first intermediate layer (ML1), and the cover (330) inside. The blocking member (BM) may overlap at least a portion of the first substrate (311), the first pattern layer (PT1), the first intermediate layer (ML1), and the cover (330) in the horizontal direction. For example, the blocking member (BM) may overlap all of the first substrate (311), the first pattern layer (PT1), the first intermediate layer (ML1), and the cover (330) in the horizontal direction.

[0192] Additionally, as an example, the refractive index of the cover (330) may be smaller or larger than the refractive index of the first intermediate layer (ML1). And the refractive index of the first intermediate layer (ML1) may be smaller than the refractive index of the first substrate (311). As the difference in the refractive index of the first intermediate layer (ML1) with respect to the cover (330) increases, the efficiency of light guiding may be improved. With this configuration, light guiding of the light guide device may be effectively performed. For example, the refractive index of the first intermediate layer (ML1) may be 1 to 1.2.

[0193] Furthermore, the first intermediate layer (ML1) may be formed such that its lower surface follows the upper surface of the first pattern layer (PT1). That is, the lower surface of the first intermediate layer (ML1) is in contact with the upper surface of the first pattern layer (PT1), and the lower surface of the first intermediate layer (ML1) may also be formed to correspond to the shape of the upper surface of the first pattern layer (PT1). In addition, the upper surface of the first intermediate layer (ML1) may be flat, unlike the lower surface. The upper surface of the first intermediate layer (ML1) may be in contact with the lower surface of the cover (330). Accordingly, the roughness of the upper surface of the first intermediate layer (ML1) may be less than that of the lower surface. That is, the roughness of the upper surface of the first intermediate layer (ML1) may be less than that of the lower surface. Accordingly, lamination of the upper substrate or other components may be easily performed while reducing the formation of an air gap.

[0194] In addition, the length or height in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) of the first intermediate layer (ML1) may be greater than the length or height in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) of the first pattern layer (PT1). For example, the length or height in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) of the first intermediate layer (ML1) may be 50 times or more the length or height in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) of the first pattern layer (PT1). By this configuration, an air gap or the like does not exist between the first pattern layer (PT1) and the cover (330) through the first intermediate layer (ML1), so that vulnerability to impact can be prevented. Furthermore, since the first intermediate layer (ML1) is disposed between the first pattern layer (PT1) and the cover (330), the first pattern layer (PT1) is not exposed to air or the like, and can be protected by the first intermediate layer (ML1). Therefore, the reliability of the light guide device can be improved. Furthermore, starting from the first substrate (311), the first pattern layer (PT1), the first intermediate layer (ML1), and the cover (330) are sequentially laminated in the lamination direction, and since there are no voids such as empty spaces, both the bonding strength and durability can be improved.

[0195] This first intermediate layer (ML1) is disposed on the first substrate (311) and the first pattern layer (PT1), and may partially overlap with the first pattern layer (PT1) in the horizontal direction. A portion of the first intermediate layer (ML1) may not overlap with the first pattern layer (PT1) in the horizontal direction.

[0196] Additionally, the first intermediate layer (ML1) may not overlap with the first substrate (311) in the horizontal direction. That is, the first intermediate layer (ML1) may be positioned to be misaligned with the first substrate (311) in the horizontal direction.

[0197] A method for manufacturing such an optical guide device may include a step of preparing a substrate, a step of forming a pattern layer on the substrate, a step of forming an intermediate layer on the pattern layer, a step of performing planarization, and a step of forming a cover and forming a blocking member.

[0198] First, in manufacturing the light guide device, a substrate can be prepared. The following description will be based on the first substrate. A first substrate (311) can be prepared, and a first pattern layer (PT1) can be formed on the first substrate (311). At this time, a first step portion (ST1) can be formed on the outer side of the first substrate (311) by etching or the like. After the first step portion (ST1) is formed on the first substrate (311), the first pattern layer (PT1) can be formed, or after the first pattern layer (PT1) is formed on the first substrate (311), the first substrate (311) and the first pattern layer (PT1) can be partially removed to form the first step portion (ST1).

[0199] And a first intermediate layer (ML1) can be formed on the first pattern layer (PT1). The first intermediate layer (ML1) can be formed by deposition, spin coating, or the like. And the roughness of the upper and lower surfaces of the first intermediate layer (ML1) can be similar to the roughness of the upper surface of the first pattern layer (PT1).

[0200] And, planarization can be performed on the upper surface of the first intermediate layer (ML1). For example, planarization on the upper surface of the first intermediate layer (ML1) can be performed in various ways. For example, planarization can be performed by chemical etching, mechanical polishing, etc.

[0201] And a cover can be formed on the first intermediate layer (ML1), and a blocking member (BM) can be formed on the side. The blocking member (BM) can include a protrusion arranged on the first step portion (ST1) as described above.

[0202] Referring to FIGS. 10 and 11, the light guide device according to the fifth example may include a first substrate (311), a first pattern layer (PT1) on the first substrate (311), and a cover (330) on the first pattern layer (PT1).

[0203] Furthermore, the light guide device may include a first intermediate layer (ML1) disposed on the first pattern layer (PT1) and a blocking member (BM) disposed on the outside. Except for the contents described below, the above-described contents may be equally applied.

[0204] According to an embodiment, the first intermediate layer (ML1) may be positioned between the first substrate (311) and the cover (330) or between the first pattern layer (PT1) and the cover (330).

[0205] Additionally, the first substrate (311) may include the first recess or the first protrusion at the edge as described above.

[0206] And the first intermediate layer (ML1) and the first pattern layer (PT1) may be positioned on the inner side compared to the blocking member (BM). For example, the first intermediate layer (ML1) and the first pattern layer (PT1) may be positioned on the inner side compared to the outermost surface of the blocking member (BM).

[0207] And the first substrate (311) and the cover (33) may overlap with the first intermediate layer (ML1) and the first pattern layer (PT1) in the lamination direction. For example, the first substrate (311) and the cover (33) may not have a non-overlapping region with the first intermediate layer (ML1) and the first pattern layer (PT1).

[0208] Furthermore, the first substrate (311) and the cover (330) can be in contact with the blocking member (BM) without the first step portion described above. Correspondingly, the blocking member (BM) arranged on the outer side of the first substrate (311), the first pattern layer (PT1), the first intermediate layer (ML1), and the cover (330) can be in contact with the first substrate (311), the first pattern layer (PT1), the first intermediate layer (ML1), and the cover (330). The blocking member (BM) is in contact with the outer surface of each of the first substrate (311), the first pattern layer (PT1), the first intermediate layer (ML1), and the cover (330), and can be horizontally overlapped with each of the first substrate (311), the first pattern layer (PT1), the first intermediate layer (ML1), and the cover (330). Furthermore, the blocking member (BM) may also be horizontally overlapped with the first pattern layer (PT1), the first intermediate layer (ML1), and the cover (330) on the first substrate (311). However, a description of the components on the first substrate (311) is omitted.

[0209] By this configuration, the protection and bonding of other components (first substrate (311), first pattern layer (PT1), first intermediate layer (ML1), and cover (330)) by the blocking member (BM) can be easily achieved. Accordingly, the reliability of the light guide device according to the embodiment can be improved.

[0210] In addition, the blocking member (BM) may be made of a light blocking material, etc., and may be positioned on the outside of the light guide device to surround the first substrate (311), the first pattern layer (PT1), the first intermediate layer (ML1), and the cover (330) inside.

[0211] Additionally, as an example, the refractive index of the cover (330) may be smaller or larger than the refractive index of the first intermediate layer (ML1). And the refractive index of the first intermediate layer (ML1) may be smaller than the refractive index of the first substrate (311). As the difference in the refractive index of the first intermediate layer (ML1) with respect to the cover (330) increases, the efficiency of light guiding may be improved. With this configuration, light guiding of the light guide device may be effectively performed. For example, the refractive index of the first intermediate layer (ML1) may be 1 to 1.2.

[0212] Furthermore, the first intermediate layer (ML1) may be formed such that its lower surface follows the upper surface of the first pattern layer (PT1). That is, the lower surface of the first intermediate layer (ML1) is in contact with the upper surface of the first pattern layer (PT1), and the lower surface of the first intermediate layer (ML1) may also be formed to correspond to the shape of the upper surface of the first pattern layer (PT1). In addition, the upper surface of the first intermediate layer (ML1) may be flat, unlike the lower surface. The upper surface of the first intermediate layer (ML1) may be in contact with the lower surface of the cover (330). Accordingly, the first intermediate layer (ML1) may have a roughness on its upper surface that is less than a roughness on its lower surface.

[0213] In addition, the length or height in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) of the first intermediate layer (ML1) may be greater than the length or height in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) of the first pattern layer (PT1). For example, the length or height in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) of the first intermediate layer (ML1) may be 50 times or more the length or height in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) of the first pattern layer (PT1). By this configuration, an air gap or the like does not exist between the first pattern layer (PT1) and the cover (330) through the first intermediate layer (ML1), so that vulnerability to impact can be prevented. Furthermore, since the first intermediate layer (ML1) is disposed between the first pattern layer (PT1) and the cover (330), the first pattern layer (PT1) is not exposed to air or the like, and can be protected by the first intermediate layer (ML1). Therefore, the reliability of the light guide device can be improved. In addition, starting from the first substrate (311), the first pattern layer (PT1), the first intermediate layer (ML1), and the cover (330) are sequentially laminated in the lamination direction, and since there are no voids such as empty spaces, both the bonding strength and durability can be improved.

[0214] Additionally, the first substrate (311) and the cover (330) may not overlap horizontally with the first intermediate layer (ML1) or the first pattern layer (PT1). And the first intermediate layer (ML1) may not overlap horizontally with the first substrate (311). That is, the first intermediate layer (ML1) may be positioned to be misaligned horizontally with the first substrate (311).

[0215] A method for manufacturing such an optical guide device may include a step of preparing a substrate, a step of forming a pattern layer on the substrate, a step of forming an intermediate layer on the pattern layer, a step of performing planarization, and a step of forming a cover and forming a blocking member.

[0216] First, in manufacturing the light guide device, a substrate can be prepared. The following description will be based on the first substrate. A first substrate (311) can be prepared, and a first pattern layer (PT1) can be formed on the first substrate (311).

[0217] And a first intermediate layer (ML1) can be formed on the first pattern layer (PT1). The roughness of the upper and lower surfaces of the first intermediate layer (ML1) can be similar to the roughness of the upper surface of the first pattern layer (PT1).

[0218] And, planarization can be performed on the upper surface of the first intermediate layer (ML1). For example, planarization on the upper surface of the first intermediate layer (ML1) can be performed in various ways. For example, planarization can be performed by chemical etching, mechanical polishing, etc.

[0219] And a cover (330) can be formed on the first intermediate layer (ML1), and a blocking member (BM) can be formed on the side of the first substrate (311), the first pattern layer (PT1), the first intermediate layer (ML1), and the cover (330).

[0220] FIG. 12 is a drawing of a projector device and a light guide device according to a second embodiment, FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a first example of a light guide device according to a second embodiment, FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of a second example of a light guide device according to a second embodiment, FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a third example of a light guide device according to a second embodiment, FIG. 16 is a drawing showing a manufacturing sequence for the third example of a light guide device according to the second embodiment, FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of a fourth example of a light guide device according to the second embodiment, and FIG. 18 is a drawing showing a manufacturing sequence for the fourth example of a light guide device according to the second embodiment.

[0221] Referring to FIG. 12, the light guide device (300) according to the second embodiment may include a first substrate (311) and a first diffractive element portion (312, 313, 314). Furthermore, the light guide device (300) may include a projector (200). Alternatively, the projector (200) may be separated from the light guide device (300). All of the above-described contents may be applied to the description thereof, except for the contents described below.

[0222] In this embodiment, the light guide device (300) may include a second substrate (321) and a second diffraction element portion (322, 323, 324) in addition to the first substrate (311), the first diffraction element region (312), the third diffraction element region (313), and the second diffraction element region (314) described above. The second diffraction element portion may be referred to as a ‘second pattern layer’, a ‘second pattern’, or the like.

[0223] That is, the light guide device (300) according to the present embodiment may include the first substrate (311), the first diffraction element region (312), the third diffraction element region (313), the second diffraction element region (314), the second substrate (321), the fourth diffraction element region (322), the sixth diffraction element region (323), and the fifth diffraction element region (324) described above.

[0224] The second substrate (321), the fourth diffraction element region (322), the sixth diffraction element region (323), and the fifth diffraction element region (324) may be positioned on the lower or bottom surface of the first substrate (311). For example, the second substrate (321) may be positioned spaced apart from the lower surface of the first substrate (311).

[0225] The second substrate (321), the fourth diffractive element region (322), the sixth diffractive element region (323), and the fifth diffractive element region (324) may be arranged on the first substrate (311) and spaced apart from the projector (200). The second substrate (321), the fourth diffractive element region (322), the sixth diffractive element region (323), and the fifth diffractive element region (324) may overlap the first substrate (311) along the first direction in which light is incident. The fourth diffractive element region (322), the sixth diffractive element region (323), and the fifth diffractive element region (324) may be arranged between the first substrate (311) and the second substrate (321).

[0226] An optical member or cover (330) may be disposed on the first substrate (311), the first diffractive element region (312), the third diffractive element region (313), and the second diffractive element region (314). The optical member (330) may be disposed adjacent to the projector (200) on the first substrate (311), the first diffractive element region (312), the third diffractive element region (313), and the second diffractive element region (314). Light may pass through the optical member (330) and enter the first diffractive element region (312). The optical member (330) may have the effect of protecting the interior of the light guide device (300). The refractive index of the optical member (330) may be about 1.5.

[0227] The second substrate (321) can serve as a path for transmitting light. A fourth diffraction element region (322), a sixth diffraction element region (323), and a fifth diffraction element region (324) can be arranged on the second substrate (321). The light can travel along the interior of the second substrate (321) by totally reflecting the interior of the second substrate (321). The second substrate (321) can include a waveguide. The fourth diffraction element region (322), the sixth diffraction element region (323), and the fifth diffraction element region (324) can be arranged spaced apart from each other on the second substrate (321). The second substrate (321) can be arranged in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction in which light is incident. The refractive indices of the first substrate (311) and the second substrate (321) can be 1.4 to 2.0.

[0228] The fourth diffraction element region (322) can serve as a path through which light enters.

[0229] The fourth diffraction element region (322) may be arranged on the second substrate (321). Light may be incident through the fourth diffraction element region (322) and transmitted through the second substrate (321). The fourth diffraction element region (322) may change the path of light by diffracting the light.

[0230] The sixth diffraction element region (323) can play a role in changing the path of light. The sixth diffraction element region (323) can be arranged on the second substrate (321). The sixth diffraction element region (323) can change the path of light incident through the fourth diffraction element region (322). The sixth diffraction element region (323) can change the path of light so that it is directed toward the fifth diffraction element region (324). The sixth diffraction element region (323) can change the path of light by diffracting the light.

[0231] The fifth diffraction element region (324) can serve as a path through which light is emitted. The fifth diffraction element region (324) can be disposed on the second substrate (321). Light can be emitted to the outside of the light guide device (300) through the fifth diffraction element region (324). The fifth diffraction element region (324) can receive light whose path has been changed from the sixth diffraction element region (323) and emit it to the outside. The fifth diffraction element region (324) can change the path of the light and emit it to the outside. The fifth diffraction element region (325) can change the path of the light by diffracting the light.

[0232] The first diffraction element region (312) is a first input diffraction element through which light is incident, the third diffraction element region (314) is a first transmission diffraction element through which light is transmitted along a desired path, and the second diffraction element region (313) is a first output diffraction element through which light is emitted.

[0233] And the fourth diffraction element region (322) is a second input diffraction element through which light is incident, the sixth diffraction element region (324) is a second transmission diffraction element through which light is transmitted along a desired path, and the fifth diffraction element region (323) is a second output diffraction element through which light is emitted.

[0234] The fourth diffraction element region (322), the sixth diffraction element region (323), and the fifth diffraction element region (324) may include a plurality of protrusions. The plurality of protrusions may have a constant width, period, and height and may be arranged on the fourth diffraction element region (322), the sixth diffraction element region (323), and the fifth diffraction element region (324). The plurality of protrusions may protrude in a first direction on the fourth diffraction element region (322), the sixth diffraction element region (323), and the fifth diffraction element region (324). The plurality of protrusions may be arranged to be spaced apart from each other in a vector direction of a pattern including the protrusions that is perpendicular to the first direction. Depending on the width, period, and height of the plurality of protrusions, the path of light may be changed differently after passing through the fourth diffraction element region (322), the sixth diffraction element region (323), and the fifth diffraction element region (324). The width of the protrusion may refer to the width of the pattern including the protrusion of the protrusion in the vector direction. The period of the protrusion may refer to the interval in the vector direction of the pattern including the protrusion between one side of the protrusion and one side of an adjacent protrusion. The height of the protrusion may refer to the height of the portion protruding in the first direction of the protrusion. The refractive indices of the first diffractive element region (312), the third diffractive element region (313), the second diffractive element region (314), the fourth diffractive element region (322), the sixth diffractive element region (323), and the fifth diffractive element region (324) may be 1.7 to 2.7. The refractive indices of the first diffractive element region (312), the third diffractive element region (313), the second diffractive element region (314), the fourth diffractive element region (322), the sixth diffractive element region (323), and the fifth diffractive element region (324) may be equal to or greater than the refractive indices of the first substrate (311) and the second substrate (321).

[0235] Furthermore, as described above, depending on whether the projector is a transmissive or reflective type, the diffractive element portion may be positioned on the upper or lower surface of the first substrate. For example, the first diffractive element region may be positioned on the lower surface (the surface not facing the projector, the first surface) of the first substrate (311). In addition, an optical member may be positioned between the projector (200) and the first substrate (311).

[0236] And the lamination between the first substrate and the upper component and the second substrate and the upper component can be performed by curing and an insulating member (or intermediate layer, blocking member), etc.

[0237] And the second substrate can guide the light transmitted from the first substrate. For example, the wavelength or wavelength band (e.g., center wavelength) of the light guided from the first substrate and the second substrate can be different.

[0238] Referring to FIG. 13, the light guide device may include a first substrate (311), a first pattern layer (PT1), a cover (330), and a first insulating member (IM1). Except for the contents described below, the above-described contents may be equally applied.

[0239] Furthermore, the light guide device may further include a second substrate (321), a second pattern layer (PT1), a cover (330), and a second insulating member (IM1) as well as the first substrate (311), the first pattern layer (PT1), the cover (330), and the first insulating member (IM1) described above, and a second diffractive element portion, which is a second pattern layer (PT2) and a second insulating member (IM2).

[0240] The second substrate (321) may be spaced apart from the first substrate (311). For example, the second substrate (321) may be positioned below the first substrate (311). For example, the first substrate (311) may be positioned between the second substrate (321) and the cover (330).

[0241] And the second pattern layer (PT2) can be placed on the second substrate (321). The second pattern layer (PT2) can be located on the upper surface of the second substrate (321). In addition, the second pattern layer (PT2) can be located between the first substrate (311) and the second substrate (321).

[0242] The second insulating member (IM2) may be positioned between the first substrate (311) and the second substrate (321). The second insulating member (IM2) may be arranged along the edge of the second substrate (321). The second insulating member (IM2) may be positioned below the first insulating member (IM1). In addition, the second insulating member (IM2) may overlap (OV1) the first insulating member (IM1) at least partially in the stacking direction (S-axis direction). The first recess (RS1) and the second recess (RS2) may overlap (OV1) at least partially in the stacking direction (S-axis direction).

[0243] Alternatively, the second insulating member (IM2) may be positioned on the inner or outer side relative to the first insulating member (IM1). This prevents the reliability of the first substrate (311) and the second substrate (321) from being deteriorated by the first recess (RS1) and the second recess (RS2).

[0244] According to an embodiment, the second pattern layer (PT2) may be disposed at an edge and may include a second recess (RS2) penetrating at least a portion of the second pattern layer (PT2) or a second protrusion (PR, see FIG. 14) extending toward the first substrate (311) (or cover). In the present example, the second pattern layer (PT2) may be disposed at an edge and may include a second recess (RS2) penetrating the second pattern layer (PT2).

[0245] The second recess (RS2) can penetrate the second pattern layer (PT2) and further penetrate a portion of the second substrate (321). As a result, the second substrate (321) can be exposed by the second recess (RS2).

[0246] And the second insulating member (IM2) can be arranged along the edge of the second substrate (321) or the cover (330). In particular, a portion of the second insulating member (IM2) can be inserted into the second recess (RS2). Accordingly, a portion of the second insulating member (IM2) can be arranged in the second recess (RS2). Accordingly, the second insulating member (IM2) can overlap the entire second pattern layer (PT2) in a horizontal direction. The horizontal direction is a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction (S-axis direction).

[0247] In addition, the bottom surface of the second recess (RS2) may be positioned lower than the top surface of the second substrate (321) in the stacking direction (S-axis direction). In other words, the bottom surface of the second recess (RS2) may be positioned lower than the top surface (the surface in contact with the second pattern layer) of the second substrate (321). In addition, the depth of the second recess (RS2) may be greater than the thickness of the second pattern layer (PT2) penetrated by the second recess (RS2).

[0248] Additionally, at least a portion of the second insulating member (IM2) may overlap the second substrate (321) in a horizontal direction.

[0249] And the length or thickness in the lamination direction (S-axis direction) of the second insulating member (IM2) may be greater than the depth of the second recess (RS2) or the thickness of the second pattern layer (PT2) penetrated by the second recess (RS2).

[0250] By this configuration, the second insulating member (IM2) may not overflow onto the inner second pattern layer (PT2). Accordingly, the optical properties of the second pattern layer (PT2) as a diffractive element may be suppressed from deteriorating.

[0251] In addition, the inflow of foreign substances, etc. into the second pattern layer (PT2) can be suppressed by the second insulating member (IM2). In addition, the bonding strength between the second substrate (321) and the cover (330) can be further improved by the second insulating member (IM2). As a result, the structural reliability of the light guide device (300) can be improved.

[0252] As a variation, the second recess (RS2) may penetrate a portion of the second pattern layer (PT2), so that a portion of the second pattern layer (PT2) may be exposed by the second recess (RS2).

[0253] And the second insulating member (IM2) can be arranged along the edge of the second substrate (321) or the first substrate (311) (or cover). In particular, a portion of the second insulating member (IM2) can be inserted into the second recess (RS2). Accordingly, a portion of the second insulating member (IM2) can be arranged in the second recess (RS2). Accordingly, the second insulating member (IM2) can overlap the entire second pattern layer (PT2) in a horizontal direction. The horizontal direction is a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction (S-axis direction).

[0254] However, the second insulating member (IM2) may be placed on the second substrate (321). The bottom surface of the second recess (RS2) may be located on the upper surface of the second substrate (321). That is, the bottom surface of the second recess (RS2) may be located higher than the upper surface of the second substrate (321) in the stacking direction (S-axis direction). In other words, the bottom surface of the second recess (RS2) may be located above the upper surface (the surface in contact with the second pattern layer) of the second substrate (321).

[0255] Additionally, the depth of the second recess (RS2) may be smaller than the thickness of the second pattern layer (PT2) penetrated by the second recess (RS2).

[0256] Additionally, the second insulating member (IM2) may not overlap with the second substrate (321) in the horizontal direction. In other words, the second insulating member (IM2) may be positioned to be misaligned with the second substrate (321) in the horizontal direction.

[0257] And the length or thickness in the lamination direction (S-axis direction) of the second insulating member (IM2) may be greater than the depth of the second recess (RS2).

[0258] By this configuration, the second insulating member (IM2) may not overflow onto the inner second pattern layer (PT2). Accordingly, the optical properties of the second pattern layer (PT2) as a diffractive element may be suppressed from deteriorating.

[0259] In addition, the inflow of foreign substances, etc. into the second pattern layer (PT2) can be suppressed by the second insulating member (IM2). In addition, the bonding strength between the first substrate (311) (or cover) can be further enhanced by the second insulating member (IM2). As a result, the structural reliability of the light guide device (300) can be improved.

[0260] Furthermore, since the second substrate (321) is not exposed by the second recess (RS2), the influence on light guiding through the second substrate (321) can be suppressed. Accordingly, light efficiency can also be improved.

[0261] Referring to FIG. 14, the light guide device according to the second example may include, in addition to the first substrate (311), the first pattern layer (PT1), the first insulating member (IM1), and the cover (330), a second substrate (321), a second pattern layer (PT2) on the second substrate (321), and a second insulating member (IM2) disposed between the second pattern layer (PT2) and the first substrate (311). Except for the contents described below, the above-described contents may be equally applied.

[0262] According to an embodiment, the second pattern layer (PT2) may be disposed at an edge and may include a second protrusion (PR2) extending toward the first substrate (311) or the cover (330). In the present example, the second pattern layer (PT2) may be disposed at an edge and may include a second protrusion (PR2) other than the recess (second recess) described above. The second protrusion (PR2) may extend along the stacking direction (S-axis direction) as a part of the second pattern layer (PT2).

[0263] The second protrusion (PR2) may have the longest length extending in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) from the second pattern layer (PT2). For example, the second protrusion (PR2) may have a length in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) greater than the length in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) of a pattern other than the second protrusion (PR2) from the second pattern layer (PT2). By this configuration, when the second insulating member (IM2) is applied, the second insulating member (IM2) may not overflow from the second pattern layer (PT2) to the internal pattern. As a result, the deterioration of the optical characteristics of the second pattern layer (PT2) as a diffractive element may be suppressed.

[0264] In addition, the inflow of foreign substances into the second pattern layer (PT2) can be suppressed by the second protrusion (PR2) as well as the second insulating member (IM2) outside the second protrusion (PR2).

[0265] In addition, the bonding strength between the second substrate (321) and the first substrate (311) can be further improved by the second protrusion (PR2) and the second insulating member (IM2). As a result, the structural reliability of the light guide device (300) can be improved.

[0266] Specifically, the second protrusion (PR2) is arranged at the edge of the second pattern layer (PT2), and may also be arranged at the edge on the second substrate (321). In addition, the second protrusion (PR2) may have a length in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) that is at least twice the length in the stacking direction of the nano-pattern of the diffractive element on the second pattern layer (PT2). As a result, the suppression force against the application of insulating materials, etc., may be further improved.

[0267] Additionally, the second protrusion (PR2) may include an upper surface and an outer surface, like the first protrusion described above. The upper surface of the second protrusion (PR2) may be in contact with the first substrate (311). For example, the upper surface of the second protrusion (PR2) may be adjacent to the lower surface of the first substrate (311).

[0268] And the outer surface of the second protrusion (PR2) can be in contact with the second insulating member (IM2). The second insulating member (IM2) can be positioned adjacent to the second protrusion (PR2). And the second insulating member (IM2) can be positioned on the outer side of the second protrusion (PR2). By having the second insulating member (IM2) in contact with the outer surface of the second protrusion (PR2), the inflow of foreign substances, etc. into the inner second pattern layer (PT2) can be more effectively blocked.

[0269] In addition, the second insulating member (IM2) is in contact with the outer surface of the second protrusion (PR2), and further, may be in contact with a portion of the upper surface of the second protrusion (PR2). That is, at least a portion of the second insulating member (IM2) may be positioned between the upper surface of the second protrusion (PR2) and the first substrate (311). Therefore, at least a portion of the second insulating member (IM2) may be in contact with the second protrusion (PR2) in the stacking direction (S-axis direction). In addition, the second insulating member (IM2) may overlap with the second protrusion (PR2) in the horizontal direction. By this configuration, the bonding force between the second protrusion (PR2) and the first substrate (311) is improved, and a gap or the like between the second protrusion (PR2) and the first substrate (311) is filled, so that the second insulating material (IM2), such as epoxy, may not be adhered to each pattern of the second pattern layer (PT2). As a result, the deterioration of optical performance can be suppressed.

[0270] Furthermore, as a variation, the aforementioned second recess may be located on the inside or outside of the second protrusion (PR2). When the second recess is located on the inside of the second protrusion (PR2), the second insulating member (IM2) may not be inserted into the second recess, but may be located on the outside of the second recess and the second protrusion (PR2). As a result, the second insulating member, such as epoxy, may be effectively suppressed from flowing into the second pattern layer (PT2) as much as possible.

[0271] Additionally, the second recess may be positioned on the outside of the second protrusion (PR2). At this time, the second insulating member (IM2) may be positioned in the second recess as described above. Additionally, the second insulating member (IM2) may be positioned on the outside of the second recess. In this case, the second recess may be positioned between the second protrusion (PR2) and the second insulating member (IM2). In other words, the second protrusion (PR2), the second recess, and the second insulating member (IM2) may be sequentially positioned toward the outside.

[0272] By these configurations, the inflow of foreign substances or insulating materials into the second pattern layer (PT2) can be suppressed to the greatest extent possible.

[0273] And the second insulating member (IM2) may be positioned below the first insulating member (IM1). And the second insulating member (IM2) may overlap (OV1) the first insulating member (IM1) at least partially in the lamination direction (S-axis direction). The first protrusion (PR1) and the second protrusion (PR2) may also overlap (OV2) at least partially in the lamination direction (S-axis direction). And based on the other example described above, the first recess and the second recess may also overlap at least partially in the lamination direction (S-axis direction).

[0274] Referring to FIGS. 15 and 16, the light guide device according to the third example may further include a second substrate (321) and a second pattern layer (PT2) on the second substrate (321) in addition to the first substrate (311), the first pattern layer (PT1), the first insulating member (IM1), and the cover (330). Furthermore, the light guide device may include a second intermediate layer (ML2) disposed on the second pattern layer (PT2) and a blocking member (BM) disposed on the outside. According to an embodiment, the blocking member may be formed integrally with or separately from the blocking member located on the side of the first substrate and the cover. Hereinafter, it will be described that such a blocking member is formed integrally. Except for the contents described below, the above-described contents may be equally applied.

[0275] According to an embodiment, the second intermediate layer (ML2) may be positioned between the first substrate (311) and the second substrate (321) or between the second pattern layer (PT2) and the first substrate (311).

[0276] Additionally, the second substrate (321) (or second pattern layer) may further include the second recess or second protrusion at the edge as described above.

[0277] And the second intermediate layer (ML2) and the second pattern layer (PT2) may be positioned on the inner side compared to the first substrate (311) and the second substrate (321). For example, the second intermediate layer (ML2) and the second pattern layer (PT2) may be positioned on the inner side compared to the outermost surfaces of the first substrate (311) and the second substrate (321).

[0278] Furthermore, the first substrate (311) and the second substrate (321) may include a second step portion (ST2), which is a groove formed on the inner side of the edge. For example, the second step portion (ST2) may be located on the upper surface of the second substrate (321) or the lower surface of the first substrate (311).

[0279] In response to this, the second substrate (321), the second pattern layer (PT2), the second intermediate layer (ML2), and the blocking member (BM) disposed on the outer side of the second substrate (321) may have a protrusion (PB) protruding inward. The protrusion (PB) is located at the second step (ST2) and may be in contact with the second substrate (321), the second pattern layer (PT2), the second intermediate layer (ML2), and the first substrate (311). The protrusion (PB) may overlap the first substrate (311) and the second substrate (321) in the lamination direction (S-axis direction).

[0280] By this configuration, the bonding strength between the blocking member (BM) and other components (the second substrate (321), the second pattern layer (PT2), the second intermediate layer (ML2), and the first substrate (311)) can be improved. That is, the reliability of the light guide device according to the embodiment can be improved.

[0281] In addition, the blocking member (BM) may be made of a light-blocking material or the like, and may be positioned on the outside of the light guide device to surround the second substrate (321), the second pattern layer (PT2), the second intermediate layer (ML2), and the first substrate (311) inside. The blocking member (BM) may overlap at least a portion of the second substrate (321), the second pattern layer (PT2), the second intermediate layer (ML2), and the first substrate (311) in the horizontal direction. For example, the blocking member (BM) may overlap all of the second substrate (321), the second pattern layer (PT2), the second intermediate layer (ML2), and the first substrate (311) in the horizontal direction.

[0282] Additionally, as an example, the refractive index of the cover (330) may be lower than the refractive index of the second intermediate layer (ML2). Furthermore, the refractive index of the second intermediate layer (ML2) may be lower than the refractive index of the second substrate (321). As the difference in the refractive index of the second intermediate layer (ML2) with respect to the cover (330) increases, the efficiency of light guiding may be improved. With this configuration, light guiding of the light guide device may be effectively performed.

[0283] Furthermore, the second intermediate layer (ML2) may be formed such that its lower surface follows the upper surface of the second pattern layer (PT2). That is, the lower surface of the second intermediate layer (ML2) is in contact with the upper surface of the second pattern layer (PT2), and the lower surface of the second intermediate layer (ML2) may also be formed to correspond to the shape of the upper surface of the second pattern layer (PT2). In addition, the upper surface of the second intermediate layer (ML2) may be flat, unlike the lower surface. The upper surface of the second intermediate layer (ML2) may be in contact with the lower surface of the second substrate (321). Accordingly, the second intermediate layer (ML2) may have a roughness on its upper surface that is less than that on its lower surface.

[0284] In addition, the length or height in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) of the second intermediate layer (ML2) may be greater than the length or height in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) of the second pattern layer (PT2). For example, the length or height in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) of the second intermediate layer (ML2) may be 50 times or more greater than the length or height in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) of the second pattern layer (PT2). By this configuration, an air gap or the like may not exist between the second pattern layer (PT2) and the second substrate (321) through the second intermediate layer (ML2), thereby preventing vulnerability to impact. Furthermore, since the second intermediate layer (ML2) is disposed between the second pattern layer (PT2) and the second substrate (321), the second pattern layer (PT2) may not be exposed to air or the like, and may be protected by the second intermediate layer (ML2). Therefore, the reliability of the light guide device may be improved. Furthermore, starting from the second substrate (321), the second pattern layer (PT2), the second intermediate layer (ML2), and the second substrate (321) are sequentially laminated in the lamination direction, and since voids such as empty spaces do not exist, both bonding strength and durability can be improved.

[0285] This second intermediate layer (ML2) is disposed on the second substrate (321) and the second pattern layer (PT2), and may partially overlap with the second pattern layer (PT2) in the horizontal direction. A portion of the second intermediate layer (ML2) may not overlap with the second pattern layer (PT2) in the horizontal direction.

[0286] Additionally, the second intermediate layer (ML2) may not overlap with the second substrate (321) in the horizontal direction. That is, the second intermediate layer (ML2) may be positioned to be misaligned with the second substrate (321) in the horizontal direction.

[0287] A method for manufacturing such an optical guide device may include a step of preparing a substrate, a step of forming a pattern layer on the substrate, a step of forming an intermediate layer on the pattern layer, a step of performing planarization, and a step of forming a first substrate, a first pattern layer, a first intermediate layer, and a cover thereon and forming a blocking member.

[0288] First, in manufacturing the light guide device, a substrate can be prepared. The following description will be based on the second substrate. A second substrate (321) can be prepared, and a second pattern layer (PT2) can be formed on the second substrate (321). At this time, a second step portion (ST2) can be formed on the outer side of the second substrate (321) by etching or the like. After forming the second step portion (ST2) on the second substrate (321), the second pattern layer (PT2) can be formed, or after forming the second pattern layer (PT2) on the second substrate (321), the second substrate (321) and the second pattern layer (PT2) can be partially removed to form the second step portion (ST2).

[0289] And a second intermediate layer (ML2) can be formed on the second pattern layer (PT2). The roughness of the upper and lower surfaces of the second intermediate layer (ML2) can be similar to the roughness of the upper surface of the second pattern layer (PT2).

[0290] And, planarization can be performed on the upper surface of the second intermediate layer (ML2). For example, planarization on the upper surface of the second intermediate layer (ML2) can be performed in various ways. For example, planarization can be performed by chemical etching, mechanical polishing, etc.

[0291] And, as described above, a first substrate (311), a first pattern layer (PT1), a first insulating member (IM1), and a cover may be formed on the second intermediate layer (ML2), and a blocking member (BM) may be formed on the side. The blocking member (BM) may include a protrusion disposed on the second step portion (ST2) as described above.

[0292] Furthermore, the protrusions on the second substrate (321) and the protrusions on the first substrate (311) may have different lengths or shapes.

[0293] Referring to FIGS. 17 and 18, in the fourth example, the light guide device may further include a second substrate (321) and a second pattern layer (PT2) on the second substrate (321) in addition to the first substrate (311), the first pattern layer (PT1), the first insulating member (IM1), and the cover (330). Furthermore, the light guide device may include a second intermediate layer (ML2) disposed on the second pattern layer (PT2) and a blocking member (BM) disposed on the outside. The blocking member may be formed integrally with or separately from the blocking member located on the side of the first substrate and the cover. Hereinafter, it will be described that such a blocking member is formed integrally. Except for the contents described below, the above-described contents may be equally applied.

[0294] According to an embodiment, the second intermediate layer (ML2) may be positioned between the first substrate (311) and the second substrate (321) or between the second pattern layer (PT2) and the first substrate (311).

[0295] Additionally, the second substrate (321) may include the second recess or second protrusion at the edge as described above.

[0296] And the second intermediate layer (ML2) and the second pattern layer (PT2) may be positioned on the inner side compared to the first substrate (311) and the second substrate (321). For example, the second intermediate layer (ML2) and the second pattern layer (PT2) may be positioned on the inner side compared to the outermost surfaces of the first substrate (311) and the second substrate (321).

[0297] Furthermore, the first substrate (311) and the second substrate (321) can be in contact with the blocking member (BM) without the second step portion described above. Correspondingly, the blocking member (BM) disposed on the outer side of the second substrate (321), the second pattern layer (PT2), the second intermediate layer (ML2), and the first substrate (311) can be in contact with the second substrate (321), the second pattern layer (PT2), the second intermediate layer (ML2), and the first substrate (311). The blocking member (BM) is in contact with the outer surfaces of each of the second substrate (321), the second pattern layer (PT2), the second intermediate layer (ML2), and the first substrate (311), and can be horizontally overlapped with each of the second substrate (321), the second pattern layer (PT2), the second intermediate layer (ML2), and the first substrate (311). Furthermore, the blocking member (BM) may also be horizontally overlapped with the first pattern layer (PT1), the first intermediate layer (ML1), and the cover (330) on the first substrate (311). However, a description of the components on the first substrate (311) is omitted.

[0298] By this configuration, the protection and bonding of other components (second substrate (321), second pattern layer (PT2), second intermediate layer (ML2), and first substrate (311)) by the blocking member (BM) can be easily achieved. Accordingly, the reliability of the light guide device according to the embodiment can be improved.

[0299] In addition, the blocking member (BM) may be made of a light blocking material, etc., and may be positioned on the outside of the light guide device to surround the second substrate (321), the second pattern layer (PT2), the second intermediate layer (ML2), and the first substrate (311) inside.

[0300] Additionally, as an example, the refractive index of the cover (330) may be lower than the refractive index of the second intermediate layer (ML2). Furthermore, the refractive index of the second intermediate layer (ML2) may be lower than the refractive index of the second substrate (321). As the difference in the refractive index of the second intermediate layer (ML2) with respect to the cover (330) increases, the efficiency of light guiding may be improved. With this configuration, light guiding of the light guide device may be effectively performed.

[0301] Furthermore, the second intermediate layer (ML2) may be formed such that its lower surface follows the upper surface of the second pattern layer (PT2). That is, the lower surface of the second intermediate layer (ML2) is in contact with the upper surface of the second pattern layer (PT2), and the lower surface of the second intermediate layer (ML2) may also be formed to correspond to the shape of the upper surface of the second pattern layer (PT2). In addition, the upper surface of the second intermediate layer (ML2) may be flat, unlike the lower surface. The upper surface of the second intermediate layer (ML2) may be in contact with the lower surface of the first substrate (311). Accordingly, the second intermediate layer (ML2) may have a roughness on its upper surface that is less than that on its lower surface.

[0302] In addition, the length or height in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) of the second intermediate layer (ML2) may be greater than the length or height in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) of the second pattern layer (PT2). For example, the length or height in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) of the second intermediate layer (ML2) may be 50 times or more the length or height in the stacking direction (S-axis direction) of the second pattern layer (PT2). By this configuration, an air gap or the like may not exist between the second pattern layer (PT2) and the first substrate (311) through the second intermediate layer (ML2), thereby preventing vulnerability to impact. Furthermore, since the second intermediate layer (ML2) is disposed between the second pattern layer (PT2) and the first substrate (311), the second pattern layer (PT2) may not be exposed to air or the like, and may be protected by the second intermediate layer (ML2). Therefore, the reliability of the light guide device may be improved. In addition, starting from the second substrate (321), the second pattern layer (PT2), the second intermediate layer (ML2), and the first substrate (311) are sequentially laminated in the lamination direction, and since there are no voids such as empty spaces, both bonding strength and durability can be improved.

[0303] In addition, the first substrate (311) and the second substrate (321) may not overlap with the second intermediate layer (ML2) or the second pattern layer (PT2) in the horizontal direction. And the second intermediate layer (ML2) may not overlap with the second substrate (321) in the horizontal direction. That is, the second intermediate layer (ML2) may be positioned to be misaligned with the second substrate (321) in the horizontal direction.

[0304] A method for manufacturing such an optical guide device may include a step of preparing a substrate, a step of forming a pattern layer on the substrate, a step of forming an intermediate layer on the pattern layer, a step of performing planarization, and a step of forming a cover and forming a blocking member.

[0305] First, in manufacturing the light guide device, a substrate can be prepared. The following description will be based on the second substrate. A second substrate (321) can be prepared, and a second pattern layer (PT2) can be formed on the second substrate (321).

[0306] And a second intermediate layer (ML2) can be formed on the second pattern layer (PT2). The roughness of the upper and lower surfaces of the second intermediate layer (ML2) can be similar to the roughness of the upper surface of the second pattern layer (PT2).

[0307] And, planarization can be performed on the upper surface of the second intermediate layer (ML2). For example, planarization on the upper surface of the second intermediate layer (ML2) can be performed in various ways. For example, planarization can be performed by chemical etching, mechanical polishing, etc.

[0308] And, the first substrate (311) and the components (first pattern layer, first intermediate layer, and cover) on the first substrate can be laminated on the second intermediate layer (ML2), and a blocking member (BM) can be formed on the side.

[0309] The features, structures, effects, etc. described in the embodiments above are included in at least one embodiment, and are not necessarily limited to just one embodiment. Furthermore, the features, structures, effects, etc. exemplified in each embodiment can be combined or modified in other embodiments by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments pertain. Therefore, the contents related to such combinations and modifications should be construed as being included within the scope of the embodiments.

[0310] Although the above description focuses on examples, these are merely examples and are not intended to limit the examples. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and applications not exemplified above are possible without departing from the essential characteristics of the present examples. For example, each component specifically shown in the examples can be modified and implemented. In addition, differences related to such modifications and applications should be interpreted as being included within the scope of the embodiments set forth in the appended claims.

Claims

1. First substrate; A first pattern layer disposed on the first substrate; A cover disposed on the first pattern layer; and A first intermediate layer disposed between the cover and the first pattern layer; A light guide device in which the first intermediate layer has a shape corresponding to the shape of the first pattern layer on the lower surface.

2. In paragraph 1, The above first intermediate layer is a light guide device having a top surface with less roughness compared to the bottom surface.

3. In paragraph 1, A light guide device in which the first intermediate layer has a height in the stacking direction greater than the height of the first pattern layer.

4. In paragraph 1, An optical guide device including a first step portion, which is a groove formed on the inner side of the first substrate and the cover.

5. In paragraph 4, The above first step portion is a light guide device located on the upper surface of the first substrate or the lower surface of the cover.

6. In paragraph 4, A light guide device further comprising a blocking member disposed on the outer side of the first substrate, the first pattern layer, the intermediate layer, and the cover.

7. In paragraph 6, The above blocking member is a light guide device including a protrusion extending inward.

8. In paragraph 7, The above protrusion is a light guide device located in the first step.

9. In paragraph 7, The above protrusion is a light guide device in contact with the first substrate, the first pattern layer, the first intermediate layer, and the cover.

10. In paragraph 1, A light guide device in which the outermost surfaces of the first intermediate layer and the first pattern layer are located on the inner side compared to the outermost surfaces of the first substrate and the cover.

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